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Qualitative Researching
The British Journal of Sociology
... However, Mason (2017) provides a complex framework for argument building based on methodologies such as evidentiary, interpretative, evocative, and reflexive argumentation. Arguing evidentially involves logically presenting relevant evidence to support data-driven claims, while interpretatively, it is when the argument meaningfully aligns with the data to ensure valid interpretations (Mason, 2017). Besides, arguing evocatively elicits understanding or empathy and conveys experiential insights, while researchers who argue reflexively illustrate diverse perspectives, critique gaps, and enhance knowledge about the phenomenon under study (Mason, 2017). ...
... Arguing evidentially involves logically presenting relevant evidence to support data-driven claims, while interpretatively, it is when the argument meaningfully aligns with the data to ensure valid interpretations (Mason, 2017). Besides, arguing evocatively elicits understanding or empathy and conveys experiential insights, while researchers who argue reflexively illustrate diverse perspectives, critique gaps, and enhance knowledge about the phenomenon under study (Mason, 2017). Each technique offers a new dimension to scholarly study and enables postgraduate students and researchers to integrate data with broader theoretical backgrounds or elicit better knowledge of investigated phenomena. ...
... Mukumbang et al. (2021) also argue that abductive reasoning involves formulating a hypothesis to build on clues to a whole world and reflect potential, such as complex product innovation or traffic risk analysis. Meanwhile, Mason (2017) avers that retroductive reasoning is a method of generating hypotheses by identifying and explaining underlying causes or mechanisms that could account for observed phenomena. As such, it enables the formulation of alternative theoretical models to foster qualitative research in disciplines such as nursing and entrepreneurship. ...
Constructing arguments, applying logical reasoning, and developing intellectual skills are fundamental to academic success in postgraduate education and qualitative research. The study objective of this paper aims at critically analyzing argument construction, logical reasoning, and intellectual skill development as fundamental components of postgraduate education and qualitative research. The analysis highlights the importance of these elements in fostering critical engagement, advancing knowledge, and contributing to scholarly discourse. The paper draws on academic literature to offer a nuanced interpretation of these interconnected dimensions and explores strategies to enhance argumentation, reasoning, and intellectual skills in postgraduate education. Argument construction is identified as the cornerstone of academic dialogue, requiring structured claims supported by evidence and reasoning. The analysis supports this assertion using evidence from recent studies highlighting the value of argumentation training in enhancing critical thinking and research writing, advocating for its integration into postgraduate curricula. Notably, findings from previous studies link organized argumentation to students’ analytical skills and ability to interact with complex data. The analysis also reports that logical reasoning is the cornerstone of effective argumentation, offering systematic methods to connect premises to conclusions. Deductive reasoning is highlighted for its role in hypothesis testing and causal analysis, ensuring precise and reliable conclusions. Inductive reasoning, a bottom-up approach, uncovers patterns and trends from specific observations, proving essential for theory development and exploratory research. Abductive reasoning facilitates plausible explanations for poorly defined phenomena, while retroductive reasoning identifies underlying causes to generate alternative theoretical models. Results of the assessment also emphasize the need for postgraduate students to develop intellectual skills, including critical thinking, synthesis, and dialectic reasoning. Notably, student scholars employ this skill to engage deeply with subject matter and navigate complex phenomena. Structured educational interventions, such as formal logic training and argumentative writing activities, significantly enhance higher-order thinking skills. Technology, with its transformative role, is reshaping the landscape of education. AI tools and digital learning platforms offer real-time feedback, interactive tasks, and reflective thinking opportunities, paving the way for a more engaging and practical learning experience. An assessment of extant literature also reveals that experiential learning and problem-based frameworks strengthen intellectual skills by connecting theoretical concepts with real-world applications. Interdisciplinary research, collaborative projects, and dynamic problem-solving contexts prepare students for professional challenges and foster adaptability. These approaches underscore the importance of integrating academic learning with hands-on experiences to enhance intellectual engagement and flexibility. The analysis confirms that constructing arguments, applying logical reasoning, and developing intellectual skills are essential for postgraduate education and qualitative research. Deductive, inductive, abductive, and retroductive reasoning methods provide a viable framework for argumentation, while intellectual skills enable researchers to navigate complex phenomena and contribute effectively to their disciplines. The value of interdisciplinary collaboration is underscored, as it enriches research with diverse perspectives and fosters a more comprehensive understanding of complex phenomena. Future research should explore innovative strategies to support argument construction, interdisciplinary collaboration, and intellectual growth, ensuring the continued evolution of postgraduate education and academic inquiry.
... Estos pueden ser reconocidos como elementos sustanciales comunes a la investigación cualitativa cuya finalidad es proporcionar una "comprensión contextual sobre la base de datos ricos, matizados y detallados" (Mason, 2002, p. 3). Asimismo, la investigación buscó captar las contradicciones, los significados que surgían en la interacción profesor-alumno respecto del objeto de estudio (Cohen et al., 2011;Mason, 2002;Silverman, 2011;Berg y Lune, 2012). ...
... Los docentes fueron seleccionados sobre la base de haber manifestado su interés en la implementación de estrategias de evaluación formativa en aula, con trayectoria profesional variada y que impartieran clases en los años 5 y 4 debido a que, estos niveles educativos podrían haber estado menos influenciados por los propósitos de la evaluación externa. En consecuencia, el muestreo fue intencional, de naturaleza estratégica o teórica, ya que pretendía resumir la variedad en relación con un universo más amplio, pero no implicaba buscar la representatividad (Cohen et al., 2011;Mason, 2002) Los centros educativos elegidos para desarrollar el trabajo empírico fueron concebidos como contextos reales (Berg y Lune, 2012), en el sentido de que podrían influir en la forma en que los docentes percibían sus prácticas de comunicación de criterios y retroalimentación. Se investigó entonces en diferentes escenarios: Las escuelas n° 1 y n° 2 pertenecían al mismo distrito en el norte de Londres, mientras que la escuela n° 3 correspondía a un distrito situado al oeste de la ciudad. ...
This work examines the different teachers’ perspectives when externalising assessment criteria. A number of findings from a doctoral research are exposed. These address, on the one hand, an analytical methodology that seeks clarity and transparency while communicating criteria, and also by decomposing the learning goal into small sequences, conveying an atomized idea of what knowledge is. On the other hand, it explores a more holistic standpoint that foregrounds in the interrelationship amongst assessment criteria by allowing the understanding of the task as a whole. Moreover, the influence of both approaches with regards to feedback and formative assessment is analysed.
... Estos pueden ser reconocidos como elementos sustanciales comunes a la investigación cualitativa cuya finalidad es proporcionar una "comprensión contextual sobre la base de datos ricos, matizados y detallados" (Mason, 2002, p. 3). Asimismo, la investigación buscó captar las contradicciones, los significados que surgían en la interacción profesor-alumno respecto del objeto de estudio (Cohen et al., 2011;Mason, 2002;Silverman, 2011;Berg y Lune, 2012). ...
... Los docentes fueron seleccionados sobre la base de haber manifestado su interés en la implementación de estrategias de evaluación formativa en aula, con trayectoria profesional variada y que impartieran clases en los años 5 y 4 debido a que, estos niveles educativos podrían haber estado menos influenciados por los propósitos de la evaluación externa. En consecuencia, el muestreo fue intencional, de naturaleza estratégica o teórica, ya que pretendía resumir la variedad en relación con un universo más amplio, pero no implicaba buscar la representatividad (Cohen et al., 2011;Mason, 2002) Los centros educativos elegidos para desarrollar el trabajo empírico fueron concebidos como contextos reales (Berg y Lune, 2012), en el sentido de que podrían influir en la forma en que los docentes percibían sus prácticas de comunicación de criterios y retroalimentación. Se investigó entonces en diferentes escenarios: Las escuelas n° 1 y n° 2 pertenecían al mismo distrito en el norte de Londres, mientras que la escuela n° 3 correspondía a un distrito situado al oeste de la ciudad. ...
This work examines the different teachers’ perspectives when externalising assessment criteria. A number of findings from a doctoral research are exposed. These address, on the one hand, an analytical methodology that seeks clarity and transparency while communicating criteria, and also by decomposing the learning goal into small sequences, conveying an atomized idea of what knowledge is. On the other hand, it explores a more holistic standpoint that foregrounds in the interrelationship amongst assessment criteria by allowing the understanding of the task as a whole. Moreover, the influence of both approaches with regards to feedback and formative assessment is analysed.
... The analytical framework that was set out in the introduction to this chapter was developed to help understand the contexts and histories from which violence arose. Further context was added from re-reading full transcripts reflexively (Mason, 2018). In this way, seemingly unrelated experiences, such as Sarah's account of boarding a bus, could be used to build up 'thick' descriptions around respondents' histories. ...
... Gradually, the analytical gaze was refocused towards structural issues within 'institutions of the society, and not merely the personal situation and character of a scatter of individuals' (Mills, 1959, p 9). In short, the data was analysed thematically through immersive and reflexive reading (Mason, 2018) and by applying the sociological imagination (Mills, 1959) as a critical lens through which 'thick' descriptions (Denzin, 1989) of internalised sexism and disablism and structural inequalities emerged. ...
This chapter explores the in-depth accounts of disabled women who have experienced delayed naming of sexual violence through a materialist feminist and a social model of disability lens. The findings presented in the chapter demonstrate the complexities involved in realisation. Realisation refers to the process of a victim-survivor reflecting on what had happened to them and coming to the understanding that their sexual boundaries have been crossed, resulting in them consequently labelling their experience as sexual violence and/or rape. The chapter suggests that the struggles women face are not always located with the individuals' decision-making in/capacity. The feminist and social model approach adds an important dimension for thinking through the ideas of 'vulnerability', risk, agency, naming and how law frames and responds to these. Through this chapter, the reader is invited to reflect on the ways the Mental Capacity Act 2005 perpetuates a medicalised or individualised focus on disability, while masking some of the social factors which are present in experiences of sexual violence.
... Issues of trustworthiness in this study were addressed through addressing credibility, dependability, and transferability (Guba & Lincoln, 1989;1985). The criterion for credibility was determined by whether the findings are accurate and credible from the standpoint of the researcher, the participant, and the reader (Creswell, 2013;Creswell & Miller, 2000;Mason, 1996;Maxwell, 1996Miles & Huberman, 1994. To enhance this study's methodological validity, the research team triangulated data sources as well as used two data collection methods (in-depth interviews and participant observation) and two study groups (skipped generation caregivers and key informants). ...
... For this paper, the philosophical design was adopted. A philosophical design is one that follows a qualitative research pattern and recognizes speculative, analytical and prescriptive methodology in attaining a research fit (Mason, 2008). This research design was adopted to avoid manipulation of variables under controlled environment and to foster the evaluation of various notions or perceptions from an analytical perspective to draw inferences and make conclusions on a given phenomenon. ...
Architecture is connected to ethics in many ways. The intricate architecture of Igbo palaces in Nigeria embodies a complex interplay of cultural identity, power dynamics and moral significance. These structures, often serving as symbols of traditional authority and community heritage, reflect the Igbo people's rich cultural values and historical narratives. However, the intersection of traditional and modern architectural practices has also led to tensions and contradictions, raising important ethical questions about the role of architecture in shaping societal values and norms. Through an exploration of the moral dimensions of Igbo palace architecture, this research reveals the ways in which these spaces reinforce Igbo values such as community, respect and tradition. The palaces' design and layout often embody these values, creating a sense of belonging and identity among community members. The dominance of carved images, sculptures and engraved arts which reflect their connection with their ancestry as a symbol of royalty is the common feature in both traditional and modern Ibo palaces. Nevertheless, the influence of modernity and globalization has also led to the incorporation of new architectural elements, sometimes challenging traditional norms and values. The defense of moderate moralism as a framework for evaluating the moral significance of built spaces is central to this discussion. By acknowledging the moral dimensions of architecture, we can better understand how built environments shape our experiences, interactions and understanding of the world. In this context of Igbo palaces, moderate moralism provides a nuanced lens through which to examine the ethical implications of architectural design and its impact on community cohesion and cultural preservation. It is important that Modernism in architectural designs of Ibo palaces should be moderated to avoid undermining the Igbo culture.
... The intersecting vectored standards, e.g., sexuality and maternity, also include economic factors such as race and poverty. For example, throughout history, black women in the United States have been marked as the source of generational poverty [44,45]. Nevertheless, another vector comprises tropes concerning women of color's sexuality. ...
Background/Objectives: Women of color remain at risk of new HIV diagnoses. This study applied an intersectional framework to explore the lived experiences of women of color aged 50 and older who are living and aging with HIV. Methods: The researcher conducted a secondary analysis of data from a study involving respondents aged 50 years or older living with HIV. The mean age of the female participants (N = 12) was 57.42 (SD = 5.18, range = 47–65). Ecological Systems Theory was used to operationalize intersectionality, considering participants’ multiple identities and social locations. Results: Participants described histories of role enactment and struggles as they faced structural, community, and interpersonal violence, anticipatory loss, and shame. Their narratives highlighted how layered oppressions shaped their experiences across the life course. Conclusions: Findings underscore the importance of using intersectional theoretical frameworks to examine the intersecting systems of oppression affecting older women of color living with HIV. The study recommends trauma-informed assessments and interventions, as well as culturally informed clinician training rooted in evidence-based practices.
... (p. 1). There is a shared cooperation between the interviewer and the participants in their interaction so that they effectively produce some knowledge (Mason, 2002). ...
... The study relies on data from 32 semi-structured stakeholder interviews (Silverman 2020) conducted in-person and by videoconferencing (Mason 2018). These stakeholders were senior managers or directors in food packaging material producers and packaging producers, food producers, food processers and retailers, as well trade associations connected to these industries. ...
Sustainability transitions are long-term processes that may take decades to unfold. Historically, they have been viewed as mostly emergent processes unfolding without explicit or organized order through individuals or entrepreneurs exploiting commercial opportunities offered by a new technology. As these transitions are systemic changes, there are both barriers and enablers within the system affecting these changes. This chapter focuses on identifying barriers and enabling factors through a multilevel perspective lens. We identify barriers related to the landscape, regime actors, and niche actors on the organizational level and in concert with other niche or regime actors on the interorganizational level. We also investigate enabling factors, focusing on the sustainability transition in food packaging in Finland. We consider collaboration a key enabler among actors within the multilevel perspective framework and consider how different actors enhance the transition.
... We undertook 32 semi-structured interviews (Silverman 2020) with a variety of stakeholders. These interviews were conducted online through videoconferencing (Mason 2018) and face-to-face meetings. The stakeholders we interviewed were either involved the material regime (material producers and packaging producers -converters of material into packages, as well as their trade associations), the food regime (food producers, processers and retailers, as well as their trade associations), or they would be active in both these regimes (ministries, packaging association and producer responsibility organizations). ...
The chapter portrays the changing inter-industry dynamics of the sustainability transition in Finnish food packaging during 2019–2021. The transition is being driven by European and national regulation and consumer pressure. For the transition to successfully push forward, more needs to be known about how different industries are realigning to develop genuine systemic innovations, which enable the re-configuration of food packaging. We use the multilevel perspective (MLP) as a framework for sustainability transition and show how landscape pressures are driving radical changes in inter and intra industry relationships. The transition demands urgent responses, particularly by the food producing industry, which relies on innovation from another industry, that of food packaging material. Critical elements of the inter industry dynamic are the need for cross-industry collaboration, the urgency of one industry versus the risk aversion of the other and creating a common response to exogeneous pressures that have created intra-industry ruptures and inter-industry instabilities.
... For this paper, the philosophical design was adopted. A philosophical design is one that follows a qualitative research pattern and recognizes speculative, analytical and prescriptive methodology in attaining a research fit (Mason, 2008). This research design was adopted to avoid manipulation of variables under controlled environment and to foster the evaluation of various notions or perceptions from an analytical perspective to draw inferences and make conclusions on a given phenomenon. ...
Architecture is connected to ethics in many ways. The intricate architecture of Igbo palaces in Nigeria embodies a complex interplay of cultural identity, power dynamics and moral significance. These structures, often serving as symbols of traditional authority and community heritage, reflect the Igbo people’s rich cultural values and historical narratives. However, the intersection of traditional and modern architectural practices has also led to tensions and contradictions, raising important ethical questions about the role of architecture in shaping societal values and norms. Through an exploration of the moral dimensions of Igbo palace architecture, this research reveals the ways in which these spaces reinforce Igbo values such as community, respect and tradition. The palaces’ design and layout often embody these values, creating a sense of belonging and identity among community members. The dominance of carved images, sculptures and engraved arts which reflect their connection with their ancestry as a symbol of royalty is the common feature in both traditional and modern Ibo palaces. Nevertheless, the influence of modernity and globalization has also led to the incorporation of new architectural elements, sometimes challenging traditional norms and values. The defense of moderate moralism as a framework for evaluating the moral significance of built spaces is central to this discussion. By acknowledging the moral dimensions of architecture, we can better understand how built environments shape our experiences, interactions and understanding of the world. In this context of Igbo palaces, moderate moralism provides a nuanced lens through which to examine the ethical implications of architectural design and its impact on community cohesion and cultural preservation. It is important that Modernism in architectural designs of Ibo palaces should be moderated to avoid undermining the Igbo culture.
... This approach was based on the assumption whereby these individuals could provide valuable insights into the phenomenon under investigation (Mason 1996), namely the normative identity conflict arising from interactions with members of their identity group/society (i.e., traditional religious Arabs). As emphasized by Stake (2005), this approach could "open up a range of possibilities that are the basis for creating significant research" (p. ...
The rapid growth in interfaith peacebuilding has elevated the prominence of religion in theoretical and practical discourse, highlighting its importance in conflict dynamics. In dialogue-based encounters between distinct identity groups, religion often emerges as a key factor, regardless of participants’ specific affiliation or religiosity level. However, studies on religion-related tension typically adopt a polarized perspective, framing conflict in intergroup contexts while overlooking intra-group dynamics. This paper addresses this gap through a qualitative cross-case analysis of two studies, conducted in Israel during 2016–2019. Participants included 28 secular Jews and 28 secular Arabs (Christian and Muslim). Our findings reveal that non-religious individuals from both societies experienced similar challenges in navigating intra-group, religion-based encounters. Participants identified religion as defining boundaries of understanding, acceptance, legitimacy, and belonging within their societies. The study also highlights gaps in mutual recognition, whereby the participants expressed willingness to accept religion as integral to their religious counterparts’ identity, yet reported that this openness was not reciprocated. This gap created barriers to dialogue, weakening potential intra-group cohesion. This paper contributes to the literature on conflicts and peacebuilding, underscoring notable intra-group similarities between Jewish and Arab participants, and offers a novel framework for understanding religious dynamics across distinct social contexts.
... Purposive sampling was used until saturation was reached in each neighbourhood (Mason 2002). Respondents included residents, users of initiatives, and professionals from several sectors connected to the neighbourhoods (see Table 1). ...
Intensive home support (IHS) is a contemporary floating outreach approach in supported housing designed to address the growing need for community living initiatives for persons with severe mental illness (SMI). Despite the advantages of independent living, IHS clients often experience loneliness, superficial relationships with neighbours, and lower levels of community integration compared to those without SMI. This article aims to identify opportunities for positive interactions between IHS clients and neighbourhood residents, focusing on how social initiatives can improve connections and reduce loneliness. We conducted qualitative research with semi-structured www.basw.co.uk # The interviews involving professionals, volunteers, IHS clients, and residents of three Dutch neighbourhoods, in which forty-two respondents participated in thirty-three interviews. Thematic analysis revealed four key themes: (1) collaborating actors; (2) preventing social loneliness; (3) strengthening reciprocal relationships; and (4) strengthening social connectedness. Community workers, support staff, and key figures play crucial roles in connecting social initiatives with IHS clients.
... The research applies semi-structured interview methods which are also considered the most widely used techniques in qualitative research (DiCicco-Bloom and Crabtree., 2006;Kallio et al., 2016). Although semi-structured interviews are often defined as conversations between people who have common ground on the same topic, these interviews should ideally be conducted in an open and honest atmosphere where the interviewees can express themselves comfortably (Mason, 1998). In semi-structured research, the objective is to explore diverse perspectives on a topic through interviews, prioritizing the elicitation of varied viewpoints over the generation of a generalized conclusion. ...
Urban regeneration projects in Turkey reshape not only the physical environment but also the social fabric,
imposing different housing lifestyles on former informal settlement residents. This forced transition disrupts
subsistence economies, social networks, and established daily practices, often requiring profound adaptation.
This study examines these effects through the Yeni Mamak Urban Regeneration and Development Project
(YMURDP) in Ankara, focusing on socio-spatial impacts, changes in daily practices, and adaptation strategies. In
the research, on the one hand, while trying to reveal the inner face of the project operation through interviews
with the key implementers, on the other hand, the changing practices in the daily lives of the local people after
their transition to multi-storey houses and the adaptation processes they experienced were revealed first-hand
through interviews in the field, presenting a range of approaches in their most current forms. The research reveals that the implementers acknowledge the project’s weak social dimension, yet they also attribute this
deficiency to the residents’ focus on material gains in the early stages of the project. Interviews with the residents
highlight an ongoing tension between a nostalgic yearning for the self-sufficient lifestyle of the past and the
adaptation to market-oriented modern daily living habits due to the project’s top-down, non-participatory
approach. These shortcomings have led to alienation, isolation, weakened neighbourly relations, and the
abandonment of traditional practices as the residents still employ coping strategies to address these challenges in
their own ways, as no feedback mechanisms were established. The study thus highlights the often-overlooked
impacts of urban regeneration on daily life and transformed practices through up-to-date and real-life examples, emphasizing the critical importance of integrating holistic, participatory approaches in urban regeneration
projects.
... To achieve this aim, aqualitative research was conducted using semistructured interviews. The interviews helped to explore several dimensions of the financial services industry, including the everyday life, views and experiences of the research participants, as asserted by Mason (2002). In studying these phenomena, the researcher embedded himself inside the traditional financial institutions (banks), fintechs and regulators to comprehend their reality and the research phenomena using the perspectives of the industry experts who are involved in the day-to-day activities. ...
The rise of fintechs has had various effects on the South African financial services industry. Fintechs threaten incumbent financial institutions by increasing competition and lowering profits. They also negatively impact regulation by introducing new risks because most fintechs fall outside the traditional regulatory guidelines. Therefore, incumbents and regulators need to find ways to mitigate these negative effects while capitalising on the positive.
This study’s objective was to investigate response strategies used by incumbent financial institutions and regulators to mitigate fintechs disruptions.
Semi-structured interviews were used to conduct this study, in which 18 industry experts were interviewed. Experts were selected using purposive non-probability sampling. ATLAS.ti was used to analyse data collected using thematic analysis.
Financial services institutions are adopting several strategies to mitigate the negative effects of fintechs. These strategies include partnering with fintechs, expanding the role of the bank, upskilling their staff, acquiring fintechs and lowering the prices of financial services. Regulators are expanding the regulatory framework to incorporate fintechs by establishing special task teams such as IFWG and forming regulatory sandboxes.
Regulators must exercise caution to avoid creating an uneven playing field that unfairly favours fintechs over incumbents. They must avoid falling behind or racing ahead of innovation. Incumbents should not ignore industry changes and should seek ways to help them remain competitive.
The empirical findings have important practical implications for financial institutions because they explain how to respond to the negative effects of fintechs. Financial institutions can use these strategies to gain a competitive advantage.
... To this end, it was decided to conduct a focus group discussion session with the participation of a purposive sample of primary school teachers with different backgrounds and experience in relation to coloured lighting in classrooms. This approach, widely supported in qualitative research (Mason, 2002;Creswell, 2009), is distinguished by its ability to generate knowledge from the interaction between participants. Unlike other methods of data collection, focus groups allow different dynamics to emerge that are valuable in studies such as this one, where previous qualitative research is scarce. ...
This study explores primary school teachers' perspectives on the implementation of a colour-adaptive lighting system in smart classrooms. While previous research has primarily focused on the effects of correlated colour temperature (CCT) on learning and cognition, studies on coloured lighting remain limited. To address this gap, a focus group discussion was conducted with seven primary school teachers in Andalusia, Spain, each with varying levels of experience and exposure to colour lighting in classrooms. The discussion examined general environmental factors, emotional responses, the perceived benefits and challenges of colour lighting, and potential solutions for its integration into smart classrooms. A thematic analysis, supported by AI-assisted coding, identified key themes such as the role of environmental factors in learning, the influence of coloured lighting on student engagement, and the practical barriers to its implementation. Findings highlight teachers' recognition of environmental conditions as influential in the learning process, concerns regarding classroom adaptability, and the need for flexible, research-informed lighting solutions. The study contributes to the ongoing discourse on smart classroom design by integrating qualitative insights from educators, emphasizing the necessity of a user-centered approach to educational technology.
... Interviews are helpful in qualitative research because they allow the researchers to analyze attitudes about their opinions after the experiment. Mason (2002) states that during semi-structured interviews, the interviewer may alter the questions' sequence or order, which makes the interviewees feel more at ease during a deliberate conversation. This suggests that the semi-structured interviews help offer the participants flexibility in answering the questions. ...
This study investigated the effects of video dubbing on EFL learners’ pronunciation as well as explored their attitudes toward the technique at a private school in the Mekong Delta. A quasi-experimental design that followed a pretest-posttest group gathered both qualitative and quantitative data to address these issues. The participants are young EFL learners with A2-level English proficiency. The quantitative data was collected and analyzed through pre- and post-tests to measure the effects of video dubbing on young EFL learners’ pronunciation before and after the treatment. Meanwhile, a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data on participants’ attitudes toward the impact of video dubbing. The findings showed significant improvement in participants’ consonants, vowels, stress, intonation, and overall pronunciation. Besides, the learners expressed positive attitudes toward the technique, pointed out difficulties, and gave relevant suggestions. The implications and limitations of the study are also discussed.
... Using a purposive technique it is justified that the study's goals and objectives were met, some types of individuals may have significant and divergent opinions about the concepts and problems under investigation, necessitating their inclusion in the sample. (Mason, 2002). The research included 50 adults in Barangay Cablong. ...
Introduction: Research in Antibacterial Therapy is vital due to its ability to combat infectious diseases effectively. This medicine was impacted on the world particularly in the public health. Inappropriate or improper antibiotic use contributes significantly to the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To safeguard the future, it must continue to invest in research to combat antibiotic resistance and ensure the efficacy of antibiotics for generations to come. Objective: The time to act is now, for the consequences of inaction are too alarming to contemplate. Hence, the researchers conducted this study to assess the level of awareness of antibacterial therapy among adults. Method: The research design that was used in this study was descriptive and the setting was in a rural area, where it is characterized by its limited access to healthcare facilities providing a suitable setting, to investigate insights into how Antibiotic resistance manifests in undeserved and distant communities. The respondents consist of 50 adults and research sampling that was used in this study was purposive. Result: The results revealed that the majority of the respondents are least aware in terms of the Antibacterial therapy. These adults were evaluated concerning their level of awareness and knowledge about the antibacterial therapy. Furthermore, the respondents are not fully aware of the Antibacterial Therapy. Some of them buy antibiotics without a doctor's prescription and ask for antibiotics from their friends, family, and relatives. They are not also highly aware of the consequences of antibiotic use, such as long hospital days, higher medical costs, and antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: Findings also showed that there is a significant relationship between higher educational attainment and the category of use and misuse of Antibacterial therapy.
... This qualitative study enabled the researchers to thoroughly examine the participants' real-life experiences. This type of research provides optimal results for examining detailed phenomena that require studying human emotional experiences and interpersonal relationships, as they form the core of the research focus (Mason, 2018) as cited by (Muhammad & Akhter, 2019). The research design utilized phenomenology to understand the actual experiences of academic heads working as principals in conflict scenarios (Farooq et al., 2023). ...
Higher-education institutions face pervasive conflicts that create instability, weaken their leadership capabilities, and decrease faculty teamwork. Academic leaders in Pakistan face increasingly complex conflicts due to the interplay of cultural elements, political systems, and organizational factors. However, minimal empirical research has been conducted on their perspectives and management strategies. This study employed a phenomenological research approach to examine the lived experiences of nine Pakistani public-sector college principals. The researcher employed purposive sampling to choose nine principals with five years of leadership experience who faced administrative conflicts during their careers. The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with participants using thematic analysis and followed an interpretivist approach to data interpretation. The study results revealed seven themes: 1- conflict inevitability, 2- institutional bureaucratic hurdles, 3- emotional stress experienced by leaders- 4-their attraction to non-formal conflict resolution methods, 5- gender-related obstacles, transformational leadership styles, and 6-the necessity for leadership development programs. The study confirms that academic leaders use adaptive approaches and empathy in conflict resolution; however, they face limitations due to institutional factors, including political pressure, gender bias, and insufficient training. This study underscores the urgent need for context-sensitive leadership training, structured conflict resolution protocols and institutional mental health support. These insights contribute to the leadership development discourse and offer policy implications for reforming conflict-management practices in South Asian HEIs.
... A detailed account of the dialogue was typed from the recording, including direct quotes from the participants to ensure accuracy. Coding, through themes (Mason, 2002;Holliday, 2007) and recurring ideas, was then used to organise the data. Firstly, the tallied list was organised into themes based on key words and similar meanings to form 'organizational categories' (Maxwell, 2005, p.97) and these acted as a starting point with which to sort and compare the content of the dialogue. ...
‘Successful learners’ is one of the four capacities, or purposes, of Curriculum for Excellence (CfE). This paper reports on a project which aimed to clarify its meaning, explore children’s understanding of the term, and consider possible implications of both for classroom practice. The project was thus conducted in two parts: a conceptual consideration of the term, followed by an empirical study where the views of upper primary children (n=31) were elicited, using a Philosophy with Children approach. The study found that the term is infinitely ambiguous and can be used to support a whole number of different classroom approaches, some of which run quite counter to the ethos of CfE. The study suggests that fuller constructive collaboration between CfE advocates, teachers, and learners is required for the concept to become useable, supportive and enabling rather than restrictive, divisive, or elitist.
... This means that a corpus representing the sample has been created. The creation of the sample alligns with the views of Mason (2002), and, according to Luncoln & Guba's (1985) views is purposive, as the, according to the authors, each sample is created based on a specific purpose. The sample also alligns with the views of Haride (2016) who states the researchers can create a corpus for their particular needs. ...
Poetry serves as a powerful source of new vocabulary, as its essence lies in shaping the formless into form. Тhus, as the poet speaks of their most intimate feelings, new words and word forms are arising. Recognizing poetry as an important source of novel vocabulary, this qualitative research aims to answer the question: What purpose do the lexical innovations in Aco Shopov's poetry serve? The aim is, thus, to identify and understand the defining elements of Shopov's poetry and their contribution to his poetic expression. To achieve this goal, a corpus i.e. a sample was compiled for the purposes of this paper. The sample includes eighteen poems by Shopov-poems that include stellar themes and cosmic symbolism. Qualitative content analysis is used, based on the coding and the general qualitative method.The findings reveal that Shopov's poetic language consistently maintains a cosmic dimension, with lexical innovations as an integral to this aspect of his poetry.
... The use of open-ended questions encouraged participants to share their perspectives and experiences in detail (Mason, 2002;Kvale, 1996). Prior to conducting the interviews, the researchers approached potential participants to confirm their availability and schedule a suitable time for the meeting. ...
Background: This study investigates the competency gaps in chef training in Australia by comparing it with European practices. Objective: It identifies competency gaps in Australian chef training programs particularly in foundational culinary techniques, business acumen and adaptability by comparing them with European practices and propose a model for improvements based on these findings Methodology: Employing a comparative qualitative design, this study gathered data through semi-structured interviews with 29 industry professionals in Europe and Australia. Thematic analysis, based on Costa's (2019) framework and drawing on Braun and Clark's (2006) approach, was used to analyze the data. Results: Based on the findings the proposed model emphasizes practical experience, a broader curriculum and a focus on mental resilience, aiming to enhance graduate employability and meet the evolving demands of the culinary industry. Conclusion: By addressing these gaps and adopting a more holistic approach, Australian chef training programs can better equip graduates for success in the evolving culinary landscape.
... In addition to enabling clarification and elaboration, conversational interviewing creates an opportunity for real-time respondent validation (also called 'member checking' in qualitative research practices), where researchers confirm their interpretations or categorizations with respondents (Schober & Conrad, 1997;Birt et al., 2016). This process amplifies the participant's voice by directly involving them in constructing the researcher's understanding of responses (Mason, 1997). Unlike traditional methods that defer such validation until after the study concludes, conversational interviewing allows for some real-time interaction between interviewers and respondents to verify and correct answers. ...
Standardized surveys scale efficiently but sacrifice depth, while conversational interviews improve response quality at the cost of scalability and consistency. This study bridges the gap between these methods by introducing a framework for AI-assisted conversational interviewing. To evaluate this framework, we conducted a web survey experiment where 1,800 participants were randomly assigned to text-based conversational AI agents, or "textbots", to dynamically probe respondents for elaboration and interactively code open-ended responses. We assessed textbot performance in terms of coding accuracy, response quality, and respondent experience. Our findings reveal that textbots perform moderately well in live coding even without survey-specific fine-tuning, despite slightly inflated false positive errors due to respondent acquiescence bias. Open-ended responses were more detailed and informative, but this came at a slight cost to respondent experience. Our findings highlight the feasibility of using AI methods to enhance open-ended data collection in web surveys.
... The choice was made to maintain a more hands-on approach to data analysis, allowing for deeper interaction with the data and developing a more intuitive grasp of the themes that appear. The researcher's relationship to the data can be strengthened by depending on manual coding and analysis, which guarantees that the themes found are accurately representative of the experiences and perceptions of the participants [31]. Additionally, this method gives you more freedom to modify the analysis as new topics come to light while you're working. ...
This systematic review examines the crucial role of financial literacy in enhancing financial inclusion, particularly in raising awareness of financial services and products. Financial literacy is essential for individuals to comprehend and utilize various financial offerings, enabling them to make informed financial decisions. The objective of this review is to synthesize existing research to demonstrate how improved financial literacy can increase awareness of financial products and facilitate access to these services. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Emerald Insight, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Scopus, initially identified 8601 studies. After removing duplicates, 5273 studies were excluded during the screening phase due to irrelevant titles and abstracts, and an additional 2948 studies were eliminated during the eligibility assessment for not meeting predetermined criteria. Ultimately, 49 studies were included in the analysis. The findings reveal significant patterns and gaps in the literature, indicating that individuals with higher financial literacy are more likely to engage in positive financial behaviors, thereby enhancing their access to essential financial services. This review provides valuable insights for educators and policymakers aiming to strengthen financial literacy programs and promote inclusive financial ecosystems, particularly for underserved populations.
... Based on the validated questionnaire, a semi-structured interview guide was developed and piloted. The qualitative approach chosen was expected to provide an in-depth understanding of the participants' experience (Mason, 2002), including barriers to appropriation and adoption. The interviews followed a similar structure in all countries, but the questions were adapted depending on the specific intervention. ...
This article explores the implementation and sustainability of innovative educational practices in a joint collaborative research project involving Estonia and Lithuania. Four interventions following the Educational Learning Lab approach were designed to counteract drop-out from vocational education and training for young people at risk of social exclusion. The study investigates the conditions for vocational teachers' knowledge appropriation leading to sustainable innovation in the empowerment of vulnerable students. Through applying the Knowledge Appropriation Model to the design of intervention cases, data collection and analyses, the article discusses how knowledge maturation, scaffolding, and appropriation practices emerged during the Educational Learning Labs.
... Comme il est difficile de d� eterminer ce qui rel� eve uniquement d'IPS ou d'IPS associ� e au GPM, nous avons recueilli l'exp� erience approfondie des clients pour tenter de saisir cette fronti� ere [39]. Nous avons utilis� e des donn� ees mixtes, avec un design parall� ele convergent, pour aborder la question sous diff� erents angles et d� evelopper une vision holistique du ph� enom� ene [25]. Cela a permis de comparer l'exp� erience subjective des participants à leur � evolution objective en sant� e et r� einsertion professionnelle. ...
... Additionally, engagement with the International Interdisciplinary Conferences in Debrecen, Hungary (2021-present) provided access to diverse historiographical traditions and methodologies, strengthening the study's comparative perspective. This research environment not only enabled the authors to conduct individual interviews but also facilitated focus group discussions, enriching the data collection process and supporting the interactive nature of qualitative inquiry (Mason, 2002). This methodological flexibility is supported by , who highlight that semi-structured interviews allow researchers to explore participants' perspectives in depth while maintaining a structured framework for discussion. ...
Keywords: History of Kazakhstan,
Kazakh studies,
historiography,
foreign researchers,
interview, history,
culture, narratives,
discourse,
international
associations (CESS,
ESCAS).
... Additionally, engagement with the International Interdisciplinary Conferences in Debrecen, Hungary (2021-present) provided access to diverse historiographical traditions and methodologies, strengthening the study's comparative perspective. This research environment not only enabled the authors to conduct individual interviews but also facilitated focus group discussions, enriching the data collection process and supporting the interactive nature of qualitative inquiry (Mason, 2002). This methodological flexibility is supported by , who highlight that semi-structured interviews allow researchers to explore participants' perspectives in depth while maintaining a structured framework for discussion. ...
This article explores the contributions of foreign scholars to the study of Kazakhstan, emphasizing their role in deepening understanding of its historical and contemporary context within a global framework. It examines Kazakhstan’s historiography from the perspective of Western academic discourse. By employing diverse theoretical and methodological approaches, these scholars enhance research on Kazakhstan’s historical and sociocultural dynamics, focusing on its ethnic diversity, cultural heritage, and geopolitical significance. Using qualitative research methods, including in-depth interviews with international historians specializing in Kazakhstan, this study aims to identify key themes of their research and explore future directions. Between May 2024 and February 2025 six interviews were conducted, one of which involved written responses to a questionnaire. The interviewees were distinguished scholars from the United States, Canada, Italy, and Japan, all recognized experts in the region’s history. Free from the ideological influences of Soviet historiography, they possess advanced knowledge of Central Asian languages, have conducted extensive research in Kazakhstan’s archives and libraries, and maintain professional connections with Kazakhstani scholars. The interviews, conducted in English, followed a structured questionnaire. The majority of these interviews were conducted at prominent international conferences organized by the Central Eurasian Studies Society (CESS) and the European Society for Central Asian Studies (ESCAS). However, conducting these interviews posed challenges. The intensive conference schedules made arranging in-person meetings with scholars and effectively coordinating discussions difficult. Additionally, some interviewees were slow to respond to email inquiries, limiting the completeness of the dataset.This study demonstrates how the research conducted by these scholars not only advances academic study of Kazakhstan but also integrates local narratives into global scholarly discussions. Their contributions help train a new generation of researchers in Kazakhstani history and culture. Organizations such as CESS and ESCAS play a crucial role in fostering academic exchange and promoting scholarship in Kazakhstan. The insights from these interviews reflect a growing international interest in Kazakhstan’s history and culture, underscoring the valuable contributions of foreign scholars in enriching academic discourse and global perspectives on the region.
... To ensure the validity and dependability of the data in this study on caring leadership in cultivating research culture in Islamic higher education, several strategies were used. First, research issues are generated from and grounded in evolving theories about organizational culture, research culture, and culture-forming strategies (Mason, 2002). Second, triangulation was applied by involving various sources and methods/techniques checking data from interviews, field notes, and documents to confirm consistency across different sources. ...
This study highlights how caring leadership holds significant potential in making Islamic higher education institutions successful and outstanding research. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis. The research participants consisted of 10 individuals selected using criterion-based sampling, all of whom had direct experience with the phenomenon under investigation. Furthermore, using descriptive qualitative analysis, the analysis process encompasses data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that caring leadership enhances research enthusiasm and performance within higher education institutions. Additionally, it supports the research process, fosters a conducive academic atmosphere, aids in cultivating a research-friendly environment, thereby augmenting institutional reputation and research quality, driving transformation toward excellence and international recognition. This evidence further substantiates that caring leadership within higher education institutions nurtures a research-oriented culture. Such transformation underscores the necessity of caring leadership in achieving these goals.
... To enhance the reliability of qualitative research studies, certain measures should be implemented. These measures typically involve clearly articulating the reasons and methods behind the research strategies employed, allowing other researchers to apply these strategies in a similar manner (Mason, 1996;Silverman, 2000;Yıldırım & Şimşek, 2014). In this context, interrater reliability was assessed using Miles and Huberman's (1994) intercoding formula, yielding a reliability score of 94%. ...
Children learn to express their ideas clearly, support their thoughts with valid reasons, and engage in discussions with different people through the philosophy education they receive. This introduction to philosophy and philosophy education during early childhood is essential for their development. However, the concept of "Philosophy for Children" has not yet become widespread in Türkiye. The aim of this study is to examine and compare the metaphors used by pre-service preschool teachers and students in the philosophy department regarding "Philosophy for Children." The research was designed as a phenomenological study, which is a type of qualitative research. The study group consisted of 100 fourth-year university students from the 2023-2024 academic year, and data were collected using a form with three open-ended questions. The content analysis method was employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the metaphors of prospective preschool teachers included categories such as mental processes, play and fun, creativity and imagination, meaninglessness and abstract thought, personal discovery and curiosity, perspective and future, as well as importance. In contrast, the metaphors identified by philosophy students included mental processes, metaphysics, difficulty and meaninglessness, education and training, communication and expression, development and flexibility, and importance. Overall, the concept of "Philosophy for Children" was primarily associated with the category of "mental processes." Both groups recognized "importance" and "mental processes" as common metaphors. Prospective preschool teachers emphasized the connection between early childhood and play, interpreting "Philosophy for Children" through the lenses of "play" and "fun." On the other hand, philosophy department students primarily interpreted and explained the concept through the category of "metaphysics."
... We conducted a total of 35 interviews, reaching saturation after 26 (Creswell, 2014) After accepting the interview, crew members and passengers were invited to recommend this study to others with similar characteristics, with anonymity guaranteed to all participants (Salmons, 2014). The interview began with the overall introduction of the research, followed by open-ended questions (Mason, 2002), allowing interviewers to expand on what they consider important. ...
Understanding the new T-cruiscape (a servicescape integrated with technological services in the cruise industry) onboard cruise ships is key for managers. Therefore, this research integrated the T-cruiscape, flow experience, and subjective well-being within the Stimuli-Organism-Response framework to examine how the T-cruiscape shapes the passenger flow experience and enhances their well-being and how discomfort acts as a moderator in this relationship. A mixed-method approach was adopted, including 35 interviews with crew members who were experienced in working with these technologies and passengers, followed by a survey of 358 passengers who had used these technologies. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using MaxQda2020, while quantitative data was analyzed using SmartPLS4. The findings from interviews corroborated the seven facets of T-cruiscape, which were then considered in the main study. T-cruiscape acting as stimuli can generate flow experience and, subsequently , passengers' subjective well-being through desirable feelings. The discomfort passengers feel when using technology can strengthen the relationship between the T-cruiscape and the flow experience. The theoretical and practical implications of the research provide valuable insights into potential marketing practices and suggest avenues for future research.
... This type of interview is particularly useful for exploring complex, sensitive, or previously unexamined topics, as it enables participants to share their perspectives in a flexible and open-ended manner (Arksey & Knight, 1999). By using unstructured interviews, researchers can gain a rich, nuanced understanding of a phenomenon, which can be particularly valuable in the early stages of a research project or when studying a previously under-explored area (Mason, 2002). ...
In the global context, the debate on insecurity in the labor market remains fierce. In principle, insecure work has several identical meanings. In the literature, concepts such as precarious or precarious work, insecure employment, or "poor" work are often found. One of the most vulnerable groups in terms of precarious work is migrants. Individuals transfer their work experience and knowledge to the destination country to which they immigrate, but challenges arise as if unforeseen. Language barriers, issues concerning wages, social guarantees, and job volatility are part of the daily routine of immigrants, and insecurity itself is understood as "uncertainty and instability. "
The rising trends of conflicts and disaster occurrences around the extractive industry in Zimbabwe has led to extensive efforts by the government in putting into place essential frameworks of good governance and disaster risk reduction. The essential frameworks of natural resource governance are consistent with the UNDP’s Sustainable Development Goals and the United Nations’ Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030) whose thrust is to prioritise strengthening of disaster risk reduction governance and economic disaster preparedness. Given that resource governance is a prime function of the State, often characterised by hierarchical involvement of several stakeholders, it is pertinent to interrogate the concept and frameworks of natural resource governance and how it is of strategic value to both disaster risk reduction and national development in Zimbabwe. Whilst governance is often cast as encompassing the legislative frameworks, institutional and structural engagement; natural resource governance is even a more critical aspect of governance warranting scholarly attention. Using qualitative research method, and drawing lessons from past experiences, this chapter is poised to examine resource governance within the context of disaster risk management in Zimbabwe. The need to prioritise strengthening natural resource governance policies, frameworks and institutions in order to enable greater community beneficiation from its resource wealth is glaring.
Background: Physician attributes significantly impact patient outcomes, satisfaction, and trust. Various attribute frameworks have been developed to help structure and guide undergraduate medical education and subsequent clinician practice; however, prioritization of these attributes vary by stakeholder (patients, physicians, medical students). Based on findings from two previous studies completed by the research team, we sought to understand the context in which individuals in these stakeholder groups prioritize particular physician attributes. We adopted a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with patients (N = 11), doctors (N = 11), and medical students (N = 12), for a total sample of 34. Results: Thematic analysis of data resulted in the following five themes: caring, communicator, expert, professional, curiosity and open-mindedness. Central to our findings was the need for a positive, trusting provider–patient relationship, which was framed as the conduit to quality patient care (both receiving and providing). The attributes believed to support this central finding differed, noting that “caring”, “curiosity and open-mindedness” are not typical in physician attribute frameworks. Findings suggest there is a central guiding philosophy shaping what medical students, physicians and patients alike, need in the context of the provider–patient relationship, which transcends particular attributes. The guiding philosophy of relational inquiry is used to further situate study findings. Conclusions: Integrating a central guiding philosophy can add additional depth and nuance to attribute frameworks, ensuring considerations for qualities that transcend particular attribute characteristics, such as “caring” and “curiosity and open-mindedness” are also explicitly used to help structure and guide undergraduate medical education and subsequent clinician practice.
Eläinhoito on vuosituhansia vanhana alana ollut tärkeä ja tarpeellinen vähintään niin
kauan, kun ihminen on ylläpitänyt ympäröiviä muulajisiaan. Moderni standardisoitu
eläinlääketiede jatkaa samaa perinnettä. Tutkielmassani Länttä buddhalaiseen Kaakkois
Aasiaan verratessa voi kuitenkin huomata, että alalla vallitsee useampi kuin yksi
vajavainen eläinlääkärien ammattietiikka varsinkin kastraatiota ja eutanasiaa kohtaan.
Tätä varten käsittelen kritiikin, vertailun ja filosofispragmaattisen metodologian avulla
näiden kahden eläineettisen menettelyn heikkouksia ja vahvuuksia parempaa jaettua
eläinhoidon etiikkaa etsien. Olen käyttänyt perinteiden eroavien menettelyjen syiden
tarkastelussa eläinlääketieteen etiikan kirjallisuutta ja buddhalaisten Tripiṭaka-kaanonia.
Molemmat eettiset järjestelmät kumpuavat ympäröivistä yhteiskunnistaan, joissa
kaikkien eläinlääkärien klinikat sijaitsevat. Periaatteessa eläinlääkärien omien
ohjelinjojen mukaan alan harjoittajien pitäisi välittää yhtä aikaa eläimistä, asiakkaistaan,
eläinlääkäreistä itsestään, ympäröivästä yhteiskunnasta ja koko biosfääristä, mutta
käytännössä yhteiskunnan lait ja asiakkaiden rahat puhuvat aina ensin. Nämä
yhteiskuntien perinteet asiakkaineen ovat merkittävimmät tekijät, jotka luovat erot
ilmansuuntien järjestelmien välille. Niissä Länsi on rakentanut etiikan sopimusetiikan ja
utilitarismin päälle ja Aasian buddhalaiset omanlaisensa karmisen hyve-etiikan varaan.
Lännen eläinetiikassa ei hyväksytä turhan kärsimyksen aiheuttamista eläimille, mutta
samalla siinä oikeutetaan eläinten välineellisyys. Toimenpiteiden käytännön kannalta
siinä kastroidaan eläimiä utilitaristisesti, mutta suoritetaan eutanasioita huonoistakin
syistä. Aasian perinteessä uskotaan myös omanlaiseensa ihmisen ylemmyyteen, mutta
siinä uskotaan myös, että hyveellinen ihminen on itseisarvoisesti myötätuntoinen
kaikille eläville olennoille oman onnellisuutensa nimissä. Epämääräisesti siinä ei
hyväksytä kastraatioita peläten teon syntyvän pahoista mielentiloista paheellista
vahingoittamista varten. Eutanasia taas on kuvattu tarkasti peripaheelliseksi
tappamiseksi tunneteoreettisista, metafyysisistä ja yhteiskunnallisista syistä.
Seurauksena Lännen menettelyistä ovat paljon hyvinvoivia kastroituja eläimiä, mutta
myös turhaan, huonoista ja kyseenalaisista syistä lopetettuja eläimiä. Jälkimmäinen
aiheuttaa tutkitusti kärsimystä ja mielenterveysongelmia varsinkin eläinlääkäreille.
Buddhalaisuuden menettelystä taas seuraa valtava määrä kärsiviä eksponentiaalisesti
lisääntyviä tauteja levittäviä katueläimiä, mutta myös omanlaisensa saattohoitoperinne.
Tämän vuoksi argumentoin, että parempi käytännön eläinetiikka olisi pragmaattinen
molempien järjestelmien synteesi ongelmien korjaamiseksi käytännöstä päin kohti
parempaa itse itseään korjaavaa tilannetajuisempaa utilitaristis-hyveellistä etiikkaa.
الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة إلى فهم اتجاهات التعليق السياسي على قناة الجزيرة خلال الثورة المصرية، والحصول على تصور واضح ومتعمق لاستيضاح توصيف النوع الذي يندرج تحته بين مفهومي التعليق والتحليل السياسي، وحصر المواضيع التي برزت في المحتوى، وكيف تركّزت تحت تصنيفات رئيسة محددة. المنهجية: اعتمدت الدراسة التحليل الموضوعي، إذ قامت على تحليل موضوعات مضمون أرشيف التعليق السياسي الذي قدّمه عزمي بشارة على قناة الجزيرة الإخبارية خلال الثمانية عشر يوما من الثورة المصرية عام 2011. النتائج: أشارت النتائج إلى أنّ ما قدمه عزمي بشارة على قناة الجزيرة خلال الثورة المصرية لم يكن مجرد تحليل سياسي، بل بمضمونه التحذيري والتشجيعي والتوجيهي كان بمثابة دليل إرشادي للثورة مبنياً على آراء بشارة السياسية. الخلاصة: تمهّد هذه الدراسة الطريق لأبحاث مستقبلية تهدف إلى دراسة جزئيات التعليق الإخباري الذي يقدَّم على القنوات التلفزيونية الإخبارية، في مجالاته المتنوعة، مثل التعليق العسكري، التعليق الاقتصادي، والتعليق السياسي الذي غالباً ما يتميّز بتميّز الشخصيات التي تقدّمه، ودراسة حجم التأثير الذي يوجده لدى الجمهور.
A technológiai fejlődések és a COVID–19-járvány számos változást idézett elő az oktatásban, amelyek közül kiemelkedik a kommunikáció. Globálisan az online kommunikációs platformok és lehetőségek széles skálája áll az oktatók rendelkezésére. Kutatásunk során a pedagógus–szülő közötti digitális kommunikációt vizsgáljuk, amely a köztük lévő partnerséget támogatja. A kutatást az MTA-DE-Szülő-Pedagógus Együttműködés Kutatócsoport valósította meg az MTA Közoktatás-fejlesztési Kutatási Program támogatásával. A kutatócsoport célja a szülői szerepvállalás vizsgálata Magyarországon. Az empíriát 2023-ban készült 45 interjú alkotja, melynek strukturált formájában konkrétan nem volt része a digitalizáció. A tematikus vizsgálat során három fő témát elemeztünk: a digitális kommunikáció előnyeit, akadályait a tanárok szemszögéből; a kommunikáció típusait; valamint a tanárok attitűdjét a kölcsönös digitális kommunikáció szerepével kapcsolatban. Tanulmányunk fő kérdése, hogy a tanárok milyen online kommunikációs csatornákat használnak a szülőkkel, hogyan segíti elő a digitális kommunikáció a partnerkapcsolatukat. Feltételezésünk szerint az online kommunikáció partnerségépítő eszközként működik, a szülők és pedagógusok közötti, jól működő, digitális kommunikáció pedig ezt támogatja, hozzájárul a tanulók optimális holisztikus fejlődéséhez.
This article explores the growth of digital lending in Zambia, its benefits, and the challenges posed by the lack of regulation. The research highlights consumer protection risks, data privacy issues, and high-interest rates associated with digital loans. Utilizing data from surveys and interviews, this study proposes a regulatory framework to enhance financial inclusion while mitigating risks. Key recommendations include interest rate caps, standardized loan disclosures, and stronger debt collection regulations.
En este trabajo se presentan resultados de una línea de investigación que trata de comprender el impacto que tiene el trabajo del sistema de justicia juvenil en promover el comportamiento normativo futuro de los jóvenes infractores. Desde la perspectiva teórica de la socialización legal y el modelo basado en el proceso de Tyler se pretende explorar y comprender cómo es la experiencia subjetiva que viven los jóvenes infractores en su paso por el procedimiento penal. Para ello, se han analizado los testimonios obtenidos en 47 entrevistas semiestructuradas con menores infractores que tiene un largo historial delictivo, 23 son mujeres y 24 extranjeros. Por lo tanto, se cuenta con una alta participación de menores que pertenecen a colectivos vulnerables en el sistema penal que frecuentemente son obviados en las investigaciones científicas. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los jóvenes son capaces de valorar y de dar sentido a lo que les ocurre en su viaje por el sistema de justicia juvenil. Sus experiencias no son categóricamente positivas o negativas, pero estas últimas parecen tener un impacto mayor. En general, los jóvenes se sienten muy ajenos a lo que sucede durante el proceso, y son críticos con el rol pasivo al que el sistema les relega y con el trato deparado por las autoridades legales que, en ocasiones, socava su dignidad. Por tanto, de sus interacciones con las autoridades se infiere que el proceso de socialización legal deja en estos jóvenes participantes una huella negativa, a pesar de que la mayoría perciban el castigo recibido como una oportunidad en sus vidas.
In this article I focuses on museum professionals in Finnish and Japanese national museums within the context of current social and cultural sustainability discourses, who face an increased responsibility to democratize museum narratives and acknowledge inconvenient histories and the ongoing coloniality of the institutions and repatriation of cultural insignia. The interviews shed light on how they view the roles of museums today and how they are reacting to this ever-increasing responsibility. Despite facing different struggles, the interviewees in Finland and Japan revealed that they are, indeed rebuilding the museum’s identity to meet current needs, targeting diversity and democratizing the narratives to open broader conversations within the museums and beyond.
Purpose –The shift towards a green economy is crucial in tackling worldwide environmental issues and attaining sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study investigates the impact of moderating variables, such as consumer behavior, technical improvements, and corporate social responsibility (CSR), on the success of green economy activities in achieving sustainability outcomes.
This research investigates youth participation in climate change politics and policymaking in South Africa, responding to a notable lack of Global South-facing studies in the literature on youth climate activism. Guided by our lead author’s substantial engagement in South Africa’s youth climate movement from 2014–2024 and drawing upon semi-structured interviews with 12 young climate activists, we offer rich insights into young South Africans’ motivations to participate in climate politics and policymaking. We then draw upon these insights to offer a series of provocations for climate change education. On investigating why youth participate, we find that although they report similar intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for participation to their Global North counterparts, South African youth climate activists place far greater emphasis on situated awareness and lived experience. We further improve the understanding of how young people perceive meaningful participation and climate (in)justices and how this shapes and is shaped by their activism. We therefore emphasise the value of incorporating both local case studies and affective elements in climate change pedagogies to encourage participation in collective climate action. Ultimately, we call for an enhanced recognition and inclusion of youth as active contributors to, and educators within, climate change governance and for the reconceptualization of youth climate activism, and policy engagement as key sites of transformative learning.
Oral activity serves interactional, transactional, and highly demanding language functions. It is an artifact that recognizes how proficient humans can deal with either socio- or meta-cognitive endeavours. However, while the socio-cognitive schools have emphasized cognitive over strategic ability in deciphering knowledge, the meta-cognitive approach focuses on learning about how humans acquire knowledge during oral activities, using strategies, for instance. This marks a dual processing emphasis not on the socio-cognitive aspect of oral activity, but on how both the act of learning itself and the act of knowing how learning is achieved necessitate tactics. Historically, some of these strategies have been thoroughly identified and investigated, but others remain under research. Therefore, for this knowledge achievement to take place, scholars resort to artifacts such as organisational mechanisms, empowerment tools, value delivery paradigms, teamwork, and reference management. Current research aims to investigate these artifacts in greater detail, shedding light on oral activity more specifically. This research is descriptive, associating what scholars do in specific situations with the impact this can have on their language proficiency. In sum, perceptible university artefacts of language in scholars' oral activity are an attempt to lay the groundwork for linking research on knowledge building to proficiency building.
Multilingualism and linguistic and cultural diversity are closely related to globalisation, increased transnational mobility and increasing refugee populations. Multilingual education presupposes not only the teachers’ proficiency in several languages, but also their knowledge and understanding of the processes entailed in language acquisition, theoretical and pedagogical models, approaches that are focused on the development of multilingual competence, teaching strategies, language and content integration, and language policies and ideologies related to language teaching and language use. As it is important to include a critical language awareness component in teacher-training programmes to ensure that there is a connection between theory and practice, this study investigated the beliefs of future teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) in Cyprus regarding multilingualism, multiculturalism and inclusive education. The participants were 100 university students (third and fourth year), who were future EFL teachers, during a teaching methodology and teaching practicum course. Their ages ranged from 18 to 25 years, their first language (L1) was Cypriot Greek and they all resided in Cyprus at the time of the study. The students were asked to complete questionnaires, participate in semi-structured interviews, write online blog entries based on the discussions/materials concerning the topics of multilingualism/multiculturalism and diversity/inclusion in EFL classes that were covered in the classes, as well as the teaching methods, approaches and techniques that could be implemented in linguistically and culturally heterogeneous classes. The analysis of the data showed that the future EFL teachers had positive attitudes towards multilingualism, multiculturalism and inclusive education, and felt that these aspects should be promoted.
Neste artigo, propomo-nos a analisar de que modo internautas, em interações mediadas on-line na rede social Twitter, mobilizaram recursos linguístico-discursivos que, ao reduzirem a distância interlocutiva e ao construírem metapragmáticas de impolidez, sugeririam o cancelamento da artista Thaila Ayala. Na interface teórica da Sociolinguística Interacional e da Pragmática, articulamos os conceitos de interação mediada on-line, de hipervisibilidade e de cultura de cancelamento às teorias de (im)polidez, de proxêmica linguístico-discursiva e de metapragmáticas. Na confluência metodológica entre a (N)etnografia e a Análise de Discurso Crítica, selecionamos uma postagem do G1 e sete comentários relacionados ao cancelamento da artista Thaila Ayala. Constatamos que o uso de ironias, perguntas retóricas desvalorizadoras, adjetivações pejorativas, insinuações distintas e usos gramático-textuais diversos, como estratégias linguístico-discursivas violentas, emergem de determinado enquadre sociocultural (com projeções subjetivas identitária e ideologicamente guiadas) e formam uma unidade de sentido que situa a violência como a busca por justiça social, em guinada contra-hegemônica, dos/as internautas em relação à violência propiciada pela artista cancelada.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar sugestões de adaptação para atividades de um livro didático de língua inglesa (LI) para alunos(as) cegos(as) do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental a partir de trabalhos de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Para a construção das sugestões, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa do livro didático (LD) de LI do sexto ano mais utilizado por escolas públicas no município de Santa Maria/RS em 2021, intitulado Way to English for Brazilian Learners – 6 (Franco; Tavares, 2015). A seção adaptada foi “Vocabulary Corner” por abranger atividades de vocabulário relacionadas a todas as unidades do livro. Foram sugeridas adaptações para seis atividades do livro, com base na análise do LD e na revisão de trabalhos relacionados, com o intuito de torná-las inclusivas e acessíveis a alunos(as) cegos(as). As atividades adaptadas demonstram como pequenos ajustes nos materiais de ensino podem melhorar a inclusão e impulsionar o aprendizado de idiomas para todos os estudantes. Ao adotar uma abordagem multissensorial, os professores podem oferecer um ambiente de aprendizado de línguas mais solidário e eficaz que atenda às diversas necessidades e habilidades dos alunos.
Este estudo de caráter teórico pretende levantar uma análise referente ao ensino de inglês instrumental, narrando como nasceu o processo de criação desse método, além de proporcionar uma reflexão acerca do programa de ensino. Almejamos com essa discussão identificar e salientar a sua relevância dentre tantas abordagens do ensino de língua inglesa. Os autores que contribuíram para este levantamento teórico e discussões foram Nardi (2005), Hutchinson e Waters (1987), Robinson (1991), dentre outros autores que colaboraram para uma melhor compreensão sobre a abordagem do Inglês Instrumental no contexto nacional e internacional. A partir desse embasamento teórico, pretendemos ressaltar a importância dessa corrente de ensino de língua inglesa desenvolvida para quem tem necessidade de um aprendizado técnico concentrado no que realmente o educando precisa saber. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de opinião em forma de entrevista através de questionário aos alunos que cursam a disciplina de Língua Estrangeira Aplicada (LEA) do curso técnico em meio de hospedagem nas cidades de Camocim (Ce) e Jijoca de Jericoacoara (Ce) que fazem parte do polo turístico da vila de Jericoacoara. Pode-se afirmar para que o programa de Inglês Instrumental seja realmente eficaz torna-se necessário cumprir critérios pré-estabelecidos, como uma análise de necessidades do aprendizado, criação de materiais pedagógicos contextualizados ao foco de aprendizagem e a busca da melhor metodologia que tenha conexão com a realidade do aluno. Todos esses fatores colocam em evidência a importância da responsabilidade do professor dessa abordagem. Assim, podemos destacar que o ensino da abordagem instrumental, não se caracteriza de forma superficial, mas sim em um complexo processo de ensino aprendizagem da língua Inglesa.
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