... demonstrate that survey fatigue exists among university students invited to multiple Web surveys. Schillewaert and Meulemeester (2005) Mixed results for invitations sent via mail vs. e-mail; samples drawn from online panels more likely to participate than samples drawn from other online sources Bandilla et al. (2012), Bosnjak et al. (2008), Dykema et al. (2011), Felix et al. (2011), Hart et al. (2009), Kaplowitz et al. (2004, Kent and Brandal (2003), Keusch (2012), Lozar , Porter and Whitcomb (2007), Wiley et al. (2009) Prenotification via offline media enhances response rates in Web surveys; mixed findings for effect of e-mail prenotifications Timing of invitation Faught et al. (2004), Göritz (2014), Sauermann and Roach (2013) Invitations sent on Wednesday morning yield highest response rates; invitations sent on weekend are not immediately returned; higher Web survey participation in winter Sender/sponsor Bosnjak and Batinic (1999), Boulianne et al. (2011), Fang et al. (2009, Guéguen (2003), Guéguen et al. (2005), Guéguen and Jacob (2002a, b), , , Pan et al. (2013), Keusch (2012), Whitcomb (2003b, 2007), Sutherland et al. (2013), Tuten (1997), Tourangeau et al. (2009 Relationship between invitation sender and recipient, familiarity of sponsor, trust in sponsor, reputation of sponsor and survey provider, and authority of sender influence participation decision; mixed findings for academic vs. non-academic sender/sponsor; female senders increase participation in male populations Subject line Edwards et al. (2009), Kent and Brandal (2003), Kaplowitz et al. (2012), Keusch (2013), Mavletova et al. (2014), Porter and Whitcomb (2005a), Trouteaud (2004), Tuten (1997) Promoting incentives and references to survey have negative effect while appeals for help and referencing an authority figure have positive effect on participation Invitation message Cook et al. (2000), Crawford et al. (2001), Edwards et al. (2009), Greif and Batinic (2007), Stieger (2009), Heerwegh (2005), Heerwegh and Loosveldt (2002, 2003, Heerwegh et al. (2005), , , Kaplowitz et al. (2012), Kent and Brandal (2003), Klofstad et al. (2008), Mavletova et al. (2014), Messer and Dillman (2011), Porter and Whitcomb (2003b), Sánchez-Fernández et al. (2012), Sauermann and Roach (2013), Whitcomb and Porter (2004), Wiley et al. (2009) Mixed findings for personalization of invitation, length of message, and whether or not deadline for participation is stated; having to type in password upon questionnaire access reduces willingness to participate Göritz (2014), Göritz and Crutzen (2012), Keusch (2012), Klofstad et al. (2008), Lozar Manfreda et al. (2008), Miksza et al. (2010), Porter and Whitcomb (2007), Sánchez-Fernández et al. (2012), Sauermann and Roach (2013), Shih and Fan (2008), Wiley et al. (2009) Sending e-mail reminders increases participation but reminders reach an early saturation point; postal reminders do not increase participation in Web surveys ...