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Nomenclatural notes in the Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae): Stelis

April 2015
Phytotaxa 203(3):292-296

DOI:10.11646/phytotaxa.203.3.9

Authors:

University of Costa Rica

Nomenclatural changes are made in order to place within Stelis a series of species that belong to it in the sense of Genera Orchidacearum, and without previous available names in that genus. New species, names and combinations are proposed, a short discussion for the reasoning is given.

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Phytotaxa 203 (3): 292–296

www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/

ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)

ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)

292 Accepted by Cássio van den Berg: 4 Mar. 2015; published: 25 Mar. 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.3.9

Nomenclatural notes in the Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae): Stelis

ADAM P. KARREMANS

Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, P.O. Box 302–7050 Cartago, Costa Rica.

Naturalis Biodiversity Center – NHN Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands; e-mail: adam.karremans@ucr.ac.cr

Abstract

Nomenclatural changes are made in order to place within Stelis a series of species that belong to it in the sense of Genera

Orchidacearum, and without previous available names in that genus. New species, names and combinations are proposed, a

short discussion for the reasoning is given.

Key words: Crocodeilanthe, Dracontia, Effusiella, Niphantha, Pleurothallis, Stelis, taxonomy

Introduction

Since the publication of the reclassification of subtribe Pleurothallidinae by Pridgeon & Chase (2001), based on

Pridgeon et al. (2001), several subsequent studies have placed hundreds of additional pleurothallids in a DNA–based

phylogenetic context (Stenzel 2004, Abele 2007, Chiron et al. 2012, Bogarín et al. 2013, Karremans et al. 2013,

Karremans 2014). Together those studies suggest that although refinement is necessary in many groups, the generic

framework presented by Pridgeon (2005) is maintained in general terms. Many alternative generic concepts proposed

later although mostly indicative of species’ relatedness, frequently lack a phylogenetic framework, and although useful

are almost impossible to use by themselves (Luer 2004, 2006, 2007). Not having one stable classification system

creates confusion among authors and has led to hundreds of species needing transfers from one system to the other in

order to be able to use the names comparably.

Some large and highly diverse genera, such as Stelis Swartz (1799: 239), are good candidates for finer splitting.

However, for the time being we have no fully comprehensible alternative classification of the genus. On one hand,

genera like Crocodeilanthe Reichenbach (1854: 113–114), Dracontia (Luer 1986: 38) Luer (2004: 257) and Salpistele

Dressler (1979: 6) form natural groups, that are easy to recognize and are largely monophyletic. On the other hand,

genera like Effusiella Luer (2007: 106) and Elongatia Luer (2004: 257) have been amply proven poly- and paraphyletic

(Karremans et al. 2013). As species of the above mentioned are interrelated, acceptance of the monophyletic genera

would require the recognition of several other generic concepts along the way, which can only be done with a

much broader and integral systematic study of the whole clade. Even though better defined and informative generic

circumscriptions are preferable, for the time being no other stable and all inclusive systematic proposal for Stelis is

available. A broad circumscription of Stelis, albeit harder to define morphologically, is more phylogenetically accurate,

and is therefore preferred (Karremans 2014). I am therefore transferring the species that although clearly not belonging

to Stelis in a strict sense, are embedded within Stelis in its broad sense (Pridgeon 2005).

Taxonomic Treatment

Stelis brenneri (Luer) Karremans, comb. nov.

Basionym: Pleurothallis brenneri Luer (1976: 64).

Stelis hydra (Karremans & C.M.Sm.) Karremans, comb. nov.

Basionym: Dracontia hydra Karremans & Smith (2012: 13–15).

Stelis lehmanniana (Schltr.) Karremans, comb. nov.

Basionym: Pleurothallis lehmanniana Schltr. (1920: 235).

Replaced synonym: Pleurothallis endotrachys Lehm. & Kränzl. in Kränzlin (1899: 439), nom. illeg.

Stelis oscargrouchi Karremans, nom. nov.

Replaced synonym: Specklinia ximenae Luer (2005: 103).

Etymology:—The name honors Oscar Grouch, of whom I am reminded by this extraordinary flower.

This species was published originally as Pleurothallis ximenae Luer & Hirtz in Luer (2004: 238); nevertheless

a second name for the species was published simultaneously as Specklinia ximenae (Luer & Hirtz) Luer (2004: 265),

invalidating both. It was finally validated by Luer a year later. However the combination of this basionym in Stelis is

already occupied, thus requiring the new name proposed here.

Stelis patens Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Stelis patens Luer & Hirtz in Luer (2002: 19–20), nom. inval.

Type:—ECUADOR. Morona–Santiago: west of Macas, new road to Guamote, junction of Río Colombo and Río Upano, alt. 1600 m, 1

Mar. 2001, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 19592 (holotype, MO).

Comments:—Stelis patens was not validly published by Luer and Hirtz (Luer 2002) because two holotypes were

designated. The specimen Luer 19592 adheres best to the protologue and is annotated as being the holotype at MO,

and is therefore selected here as the type.

Stelis pidax (Luer) Karremans, comb. nov.

Basionym: Pleurothallis pidax Luer (1979: 174–175).

Stelis pileata (Karremans & Bogarín) Karremans & Bogarín, comb. nov.

Basionym: Dracontia pileata Karremans & Bogarín (2013: 308, 311).

Stelis possoae (Luer) Karremans, comb. nov.

Basionym: Pleurothallis possoae Luer (2000: 129).

Stelis rostratissima (Luer & J. Portilla) Karremans, comb. nov.

Basionym: Pleurothallis rostratissima Luer & J. Portilla in Luer (2002: 108).

Stelis sellaformis O.Duque, sp. nov.

Stelis sellaformis Duque (2010: 161–163), nom. inval.

Type:—COLOMBIA. Valle del Cauca: El Dovio, alt. 2000. Marzo 2002. O. Duque & L. Gonzaga 2463 (JAUM!).

Comments:—When proposing the name Stelis sellaformis, Duque (2010) cited multiple specimens as the type thus

invalidating the name. The name is here validated using the type specimen that is indicated as “Holotype” at JAUM

and which adheres best to the protologue and illustration.

Stelis stergiosii (Carnevali & I.Ramírez) Karremans, comb. nov.

Basionym: Pleurothallis stergiosii Carnevali & Ramírez (1998: 247).

Stelis tenebrosa (Archila, Szlach. & Chiron) Karremans, comb. nov.

Basionym: Dracontia tenebrosa Archila, Szlach. & Chiron in Archila, Chiron & Szlachetko (2013: 30).

KARREMANS

Stelis tepuiensis (Carnevali & I.Ramírez) Karremans, comb. nov.

Basionym: Pleurothallis tepuiensis Carnevali & Ramírez (1993: 121).

Stelis vasqueziana Karremans, nom. nov.

Basionym: Crocodeilanthe vasquezii Luer in Luer & Thoerle (2012: 340, 342).

Etymology: The name honors Roberto Vásquez as was originally intended by the authors.

Comments:—The combination of this basionym in Stelis is already occupied, thus requiring the new name proposed

here.

Stelis viridiflava (Karremans & Bogarín) Karremans & Bogarín, comb. nov.

Basionym: Dracontia viridiflava Karremans & Bogarín (2013: 311).

Additional Notes

Effusiella Luer is most frequently considered a synonym of Stelis (sensu Pridgeon 2005). The phylogenetic analysis

of the group proved that indeed most species of Effusiella, including the type, are embedded within a broad sense

of Stelis (Karremans et al. 2013). Therefore species of Effusiella have been moved to Stelis in the preceding pages.

Nevertheless, the DNA data in that study showed that a few members of Effusiella are related to Pleurothallis Brown

(1813: 211) instead. Three species that are closer morphologically to Pleurothallis than to Stelis are here transferred

to the first to avoid confusing the reader as to why they were not mentioned before. I expect they are closely related

to Pleurothallis scabrata Lindley (1859: 176), which is morphologically more similar to the Pleurothallis clade, a

suspicion confirmed by DNA data (Mark Wilson, pers. comm.).

Pleurothallis florianwerneri Karremans, nom. nov.

Basionym: Effusiella werneri Luer & Thoerle in Luer (2011: 324, 326).

Etymology:—The name honors Florian Werner as was originally intended by the authors.

Comments:—The combination of this basionym in Pleurothallis is already occupied, thus requiring the new name

proposed here.

Pleurothallis hamiltonii (Luer) Karremans, comb. nov.

Basionym: Effusiella hamiltonii Luer (2007: 108).

Pleurothallis scolnikiae (Luer & Endara) Karremans, comb. nov.

Basionym: Effusiella scolnikiae Luer & Endara in Luer (2007: 108–109).

Acknowledgements

I am very thankful to Diego Bogarín for his thorough comments on this manuscript. I am also indebted to Esteban

Dominguez, Paula Morales and Sebastian Vieira for their help in accessing the material at JAUM. Mark Wilson has

kindly enriched our genetic studies on Pleurothallis and Stelis.

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Jan 1981

C A Luer

Forty-one new species and one new forma from regions north and west of Brazil are described and illustrated in miscellaneous genera of the Pleurothallidinae. The genera follow logical taxonomic delimitations. In alphabetical order, the new species and forma proposed herein are: Acianthera biseta, A. bryonii, A.carcinopsis, A. dubbeldamii, A. ericae; Acronia thoerleae; Alaticaulia apoloae, A. jimenezii; Brachionidium demissum; Crocodeilanthe vasquezii; Dracula soennemarkii, D. tobarii, D. vierlingii; Lepanthes biruviensis, L. calocerca, L. cercopetala, L. dactylopetala, L. gonzalezii, L. larsenii, L. nautica, L. nephridia, L. oblivia, L.pachychila, L. scoliosa, L. uncinata, L.yamileana; Lindleyalis saueri; Masdevallia deburghgraevei, M. dickinsoniana, M. ecallosa, M. rosacea, M. wetzelii; Porroglossum zelenkoi; Restrepia aristulifera forma leathersii; Scaphosepalum ximenae; Spilotantha aureoportensis; Stelis aguirreae, S. caesariata, S. ebenea, S. marioi, S. perexigua; and Trichosalpinx carmeniae. New combinations in the genus Acianthera are proposed: A. martinezii, A. quadricristata, A. venulosa, and A. zumbae. A new combination in Crocodeilanthe is proposed, C. erectiflora, as well as a new combination in Elongatia, E.jimii. Three species are proposed as synonyms: Crocodeilanthe franciscensis as a synonym of Pleurothallis divaricans; Dracula gerhardii as a synonym of D. diabola; and Lindleyalis hemirhoda as a synonym of the new combination L. nuda.

Miscellaneous new species in the Pleurothallidinae

Article

Jan 1980

C.A. Luer

Icones Pleurothallidinarum III. Systematics of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae)

Article

Jan 1986

C.A. Luer

A phylogenetic reclassification of Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae)

Article

Jan 2001

Systematics and evoltution of the genus Pleurothallis R. Br. (Orchidaceae) in the Greater Antilles

Thesis

Apr 2004

Hagen Stenzel

Die antillanische Flora ist eine der artenreichsten der Erde. Trotz jahrhundertelanger floristischer Forschung zeigen jüngere Studien, daß der Archipel noch immer weiße Flecken beherbergt. Das trifft besonders auf die Familie der Orchideen zu, deren letzte Bearbeitung für Cuba mehr als ein halbes Jahrhundert zurückliegt. Die vorliegende Arbeit basiert auf der lang ausstehenden Revision der Orchideengattung Pleurothallis R. Br. für die Flora de Cuba. Mittels weiterer morphologischer, palynologischer, molekulargenetischer, phytogeographischer und ökologischer Untersuchungen auch eines Florenteils der anderen Großen Antillen wird die Genese der großantillanischen Pleurothallis-Flora rekonstruiert. Der Archipel umfaßt mehr als 70 Arten dieser Gattung, wobei die Zahlen auf den einzelnen Inseln sehr verschieden sind: Cuba besitzt 39, Jamaica 23, Hispaniola 40 und Puerto Rico 11 Spezies. Das Zentrum der Diversität liegt im montanen Dreieck Ost-Cuba - Jamaica - Hispaniola, einer Region, die 95 % der groß-antillanischen Arten beherbergt, wovon 75% endemisch auf einer der Inseln sind. Da die meisten Arten entweder endemisch oder pankaribisch verbreitet sind, bleiben die floristischen Bezüge zwischen den Inseln und zu den kontinentalen Nachbargebieten nur schwach ausgeprägt. Immerhin lassen sich einige Verbindungen unter den Inseln der Großen Antillen und besonders zu Mittelamerika erkennen. Diese Affinitäten steigen von Ost nach West. Molekulargenetische und (mikro-)morphologische Daten zeigen ein deutliches Muster der historischen Biogeographie. Danach lassen sich die antillanischen Arten hinsichtlich ihrer Genese in drei Gruppen einteilen. 25% der Arten sind pankaribisch verbreitet, wobei der Großteil der Inselpopulationen vom mittelamerikanischen Festland stammt. Ebenfalls aus dieser Region stammen weitere 25%, die jedoch auf den Inseln neue Arten gebildet haben. Die verbleibenden 50% der groß-antillanischen Sippen sind autochthon und das Ergebnis adaptiver Radiation auf den Inseln. Diese intensive Kladogenese beschränkt sich auf drei Verwandtschaftskreise innerhalb der Gattung Pleurothallis in den Untergattungen Antilla Luer und Specklinia Lindl. (2 Linien). Es stellte sich heraus, daß der überwiegende Anteil der Artbildungsprozesse allopatrischer Natur ist. Sympatrie konnte nur in einem einzigen Fall direkt belegt werden. Das Ergebnis der allopatrischen Speziation sind zwei Typen von Vikarianz, räumlich geographischer und geologischer. In Cuba sind überraschenderweise fast 80% der endemischen Arten an einen Gesteinstyp gebunden, überwiegend an Serpentin. West-Hispaniola, wo viele Schwesternarten cubanischer Sippen beheimatet sind, besteht fast ausschließlich aus Kalkstein. Geographische Vikarianz ist daher oft geologisch unterlegt, eine Bindung die für Epiphyten kaum vermutet wurde. Hinter der Geologie verbergen sich jedoch eher Bestäuberareale und weniger physiologische Anpassung als limitierender Faktor. Eine Verfrachtung in Vegetation auf anderem petrologischen Untergrund scheint damit der Hauptauslöser für Artbildungen gewesen zu sein. Ausgangspunkt waren höchstwahrscheinlich individuenarme Gründerpopulationen die den Bedingungen eines founder events ausgesetzt waren. Neben den reichen geologischen Verhältnissen im Dreieck Ost-Cuba - Jamaica - Hispaniola wird die intensive Artbildung durch weitere spezifisch lokale Bedingungen unterstützt. Karibische Wirbelstürme dürften entlang der Hauptrouten für eine häufige Verfrachtung von Samen oder Pflanzen von Mittelamerika auf die Großen Antillen sowie zwischen den Inseln selber verantwortlich sein. Ein zweiter günstiger Umstand für erfolgreiche Migration innerhalb des Dreiecks besteht in der räumlichen Nähe der Inselgebirge und deren optimalen klimatischen Bedingungen für die Besiedlung durch mikrophytische Epiphyten. Molekulargenetische Daten lieferten weiterhin wertvolle Informationen in Bezug auf die beiden aktuell diskutierten Systeme der Pleurothallidinae, einer streng morphologischen (Luer) und einer fast ausschließlich auf DNA-Sequenzen (Pridgeon & Chase) basierenden Klassifikation. DNA-Sequenzen der cubanischen Arten stützen das neue System von Pridgeon & Chase weitestgehend, zeigen aber Widersprüche bezüglich der Monophylie in einigen der neuen oder wieder errichteten Taxa. Angesicht dessen, daß die karibische Florenregion leider nicht nur durch ihre Biodiversität zu den zehn globalen hot spots zählt, sondern auch durch die großflächige Zerstörung von Primärvegetation, war es auch ein Anliegen der vorliegenden Arbeit, ein erstes detailliertes Bild von Genese und Verbreitung antillanischer Orchideen zu vermitteln. Diese Daten können direkt für die Gestaltung und das Management von karibischen Schutzgebieten eingesetzt werden, da Orchideen in der Naturschutzpolitik einen hohen Argumentationswert besitzen.

Die Orchideenfloren der südamerikanischen Kordillerenstaaten. II

Article

Nov 1975

New or Noteworthy Orchids for the Venezuelan Flora IX: New Taxa, New Records, and Nomenclatural Changes, Mainly from the Guayana Shield and Northern Amazonas

Article

Oct 1994

Research on the Orchidaceae of the Venezuelan Guayana and neighboring areas has yielded several novelties, new records, and nomenclatural changes. Nine species (one Dichaea, two Lepanthes, one Maxillaria, three Pleurothallis, one Sarcoglottis, and one Uleiorchis), a natural hybrid in Maxillaria, and two subspecies (one Myoxanthus and one Stelis) are newly described. New synonymies are proposed in Campylocentrum, Habenaria, and Octomeria. In addition, several miscellaneous country records are reported. Fifteen of the taxa presented are illustrated.

Phylogeny of the genus Masdevallia (Orchidaceae Epidendroideae) based on molecular and morphological data

Conference Paper