Article

Virtual Engineering Object (VEO): Toward Experience-Based Design and Manufacturing for Industry 4.0

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  • Australian Institute of Higher Education
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Abstract

In this article we propose the concept, its framework, and implementation methodology for Virtual Engineering Objects (VEO). A VEO is the knowledge representation of an engineering object that embodies its associated knowledge and experience. A VEO is capable of adding, storing, improving, and sharing knowledge through experience. Moreover, it is demonstrated that VEO is a specialization of a Cyber-Physical System (CPS). In this article, it is shown through test models how the concept of VEO can be implemented with the Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS) and Decisional DNA (DDNA). The test model confirmed that the concept of VEO is able to capture and reuse the experience of engineering artifacts, which can be beneficial for efficient decision-making in industrial design and manufacturing.

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... The improvement of crisis management processes has been realized in recent years through the implementation of new ICT information technologies [26,30,39] and technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution, Industry 4.0, into information systems. Besides, in the improvement of computerized information systems, new Internet media [91,61,80] are increasingly used as both a source of data and information and as a medium for the development of Internet marketing communication channels [63] conducted with customers and potential consumers [25]. Before proceeding with the study, collecting and compiling the results of the research on various aspects of crisis management issues in business entities, the authors of this paper reviewed the literature on the above-mentioned issues. ...
... The definition and specification of the research problem, which was then characterized and analyzed in this article, was preceded by a review of literature publications and available source materials, in which the key issues of the crisis management process conducted in business entities had already been considered [60,66]. The literature review shows that the individual issues described in various publications on the key determinants of the crisis management process carried out in companies, enterprises and other business entities, the importance of implementing ICT information technologies [91,26] and technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution, Industry 4. 0 [39,80] in order to improve these processes, the role of marketing communications, the issue of information security [14,27,40], the circulation of information and sensitive data in business entities and the importance of the media in the context of crisis management [51,89] have been studied only in selected issues, while no previous attempt has been made to make a synthetic treatment of this issue, i.e. one that would integrally cover various key aspects of crisis management in business entities, the considerations undertaken would have the attribute of interdisciplinarity and the conclusions of the research would also be derived from a fully synthetic approach. It 213 is precisely this type of research approach that was used in this study. ...
... The mentioned earlier scientific works and publications are listed in footnotes and in the bibliography at the end. Based on the analysis of source data, it was observed that in order to improve early warning and risk management systems, ICT information technologies [26,91] and technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution, Industry 4.0 [39,80,86,87] are being implemented into business entities. A review of the cited literature shows that researchers of the described issue also state that the climate crisis is likely to develop for many more years, so the importance of achieving the goals of sustainable development [9] and the urgent implementation of the green transformation of the economy [21] is growing. ...
Article
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In recent years, there have been many different crises such as the dotcom crisis in the late 1990s, the global financial crisis of 2007-2009, the pandemic economic crisis and the global economic recession of 2020, the rise in commodity prices and the increase in inflation from 2021, the out-break of war in Ukraine, the energy and food crisis that occurred in 2022 in many countries. In addition, the climate crisis is also increasingly developing, which is generated primarily by the still high level of civilization's greenhouse gas emissions and the accelerating process of global warm-ing. As the scale and frequency of various crises increase, more and more business entities and public institutions are taking various anti-crisis measures, creating and improving risk manage-ment systems, early warning systems and contingency plans, carrying out corrective and develop-mental restructuring processes, creating innovative solutions to flexibly adapt to the changing environment. As the climate crisis is likely to develop for many years to come, so the importance of achieving the goals of sustainable development and urgently carrying out a green transformation of the economy is growing. In the context of the issues outlined above, the importance of efficient organizational management, information management and crisis management is growing. The improvement of the management processes of economic entities, including crisis management, has been realized in recent years through the implementation of new ICT information technologies and technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution, Industry 4.0, into information systems.
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... Technology is revolutionizing the way business practices are conducted globally. Innovations in technology driven by strides made by developments in Internet of Things have brought about a technological revolution in the global business environment (Reinhard et al., 2016). This seems to be reshaping the skills expectations of industry for the management of the current business environment. ...
... Eriksson, et al (2017) stated that leadership skills are a major skill set required for successful implementation of IOT for business operation. Reinhard, Jesper and Stefan (2016) asserted that teamwork skills is very important IOT skill because it promotes the ability of business education graduates to establish relationships and trust, learn from one another and build on everyone's capacity for original thought. Furthermore, finding of the study revealed no significant difference in the mean ratings of male and female business educators on the on the internet of Things (IOT) Skills required of graduates of business education for business operation in Delta State. ...
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... The improvement of crisis management processes has been realised in recent years through the implementation of new ICT information technologies [26,30,39] and technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution, Industry 4.0, into information systems. In addition, within the improvement of computerised information systems, new Internet media [91,61,80] are increasingly used as both a source of data and information and as a medium for the development of online marketing communication channels [63] conducted with customers and potential consumers. Before embarking on the research, collecting and compiling the results of the research on various aspects of the issues of crisis management in business entities, the authors of this paper reviewed the literature on the aforementioned issues. ...
... The definition and specification of the research problem, which was then characterised and analysed in this article, was preceded by a review of literature publications and available source materials, in which key issues concerning the crisis management process conducted in business entities had already been considered [60,66]. The literature review shows that the individual issues described in various publications of the key determinants of the crisis management process carried out in companies, enterprises and other economic entities, the importance of the implementation of ICT information technologies [91,26] and technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution, Industry 4. 0 [39,80] in order to improve these processes, the role of marketing communication, the issue of information security [14,27,40], the circulation of information and sensitive data in business entities and the importance of the media in the context of crisis management [51,89] have been studied only in selected issues, while no attempt has been made before to make a synthetic approach to this issue, i.e. one that would integrate various key aspects of crisis management in business entities, the considerations undertaken would have the attribute of interdisciplinarity and the conclusions of the research would also be derived from a fully synthetic approach. It is this type of research approach that has been used in this study. ...
... In addition, the authors of the source literature dealing with the issue of organisational management agree that in the context of increasingly frequent economic, financial and other crises, the importance of building in economic entities and improving early warning systems, contingency plans, risk management systems is growing. Based on the analysis of source data, it was observed that in order to improve early warning systems and risk management systems, ICT information technologies [26,91] and technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution, Industry 4.0 [39,80,86,87], are being implemented into business entities. A review of the cited literature shows that researchers of the described issue also conclude that the climate crisis is likely to develop for many years to come, so the importance of achieving the goals of sustainable development and the urgent implementation of a green transformation of the economy is growing. ...
Preprint
Full-text available
In recent years, there have been a number of different crises such as the dotcom crisis at the end of the 1990s, the global financial crisis of 2007-2009, the pandemic economic crisis and the global economic recession of 2020, the increase in commodity prices and the rise in inflation from 2021, the outbreak of war in Ukraine, the energy and food crisis that occurred in 2022 in many countries. In addition to this, a climate crisis is increasingly developing, which is primarily generated by the still high level of civilisation's greenhouse gas emissions and the increasingly rapid process of global warming. Some of these crises were caused by objective, external factors, independent of the economic policies pursued. On the other hand, however, economic and other crises are also caused by erroneous fiscal and budgetary policies pursued by the government and errors in monetary policies pursued by central banks. According to the long-term forecasting models of climatologists, geophysicists, ecologists, etc., the climate crisis already underway will intensify in the coming decades. As a result, the levels of various risks may increase and the conditions for doing business and managing an economic entity may become even more difficult in the future. As the scale and frequency of various crises increase, more and more economic actors and public institutions are taking various anti-crisis measures, creating and improving risk management systems, early warning systems and contingency plans, carrying out restorative and developmental restructuring processes, creating innovative solutions in order to flexibly adapt to the changing environment. As the climate crisis is likely to develop for many years to come, the importance of pursuing sustainable development goals and urgently carrying out a green transformation of the economy is growing. In the context of the issues outlined above, the importance of efficient organisational management, information management and crisis management is growing. The improvement of the processes of business entity, information and crisis management has been realised in recent years thanks to the implementation into information systems of new ICT information technologies and technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution, Industry 4.0. Besides, within the improvement of computerised information systems, new Internet media are increasingly used as both a source of data and information and as a medium for the development of Internet channels of marketing communication conducted with customers and potential consumers. The article identifies the role of the spokesperson who communicates information to the media regarding the crisis situation in the business entity. Recommendations are given for the reliable and professional transmission of information concerning the business entity to the media. Keywords: Information management, information systems, crisis management, crisis, economic crisis, financial crisis, climate crisis, new media, information security, Industry 4.0, marketing communication, making information public
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... The human side of Industry 4.0 is as important as ever before (Shafiq, 2016). The demand for highly skilled digital technology workers is constantly increasing and sometimes exceeds the number of jobs eliminated because of the process of automation. ...
... Shafiq et al. [8] agree that CPSs are "the convergence of the physical and digital worlds by creating global networks for businesses that include their equipment, warehouse systems and manufacturing facilities. " ...
... CPSs are industrial automation systems that integrate innovative functions via a network. Therefore, the operations of physical reality are connected with computing and communication infrastructures [5,8,15,16,17,18,19]. ...
Article
The article reviews the state-of-the-science in the field of cyber-physical systems (CPSs). CPSs are intelligent systems that include physical, biological and computational components using engineering networks. CPSs are able to integrate into production processes, improve the exchange of information between industrial equipment, qualitatively transform production chains, and effectively manage business and customers. This is possible due to the ability of CPSs to manage ongoing processes through automatic monitoring and controlling the entire production process and adjusting the production to meet customer preferences. A comprehensive review identified key technology trends underlying CPSs. These are artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data analytics, augmented reality, Internet of things, quantum computing, fog computing, 3D printing, modeling and simulators, automatic object identifiers (RFID tags). CPSs will help to improve the control and traceability of production operations: they can collect information about raw materials, temperature and technological conditions, the degree of food product readiness, thereby increasing the quality of food products. Based on the results, terms and definitions, and potential application of cyber-physical systems in general and their application in food systems in particular were identified and discussed with an emphasis on food production (including meat products).
... In terms of resources, Industry 4.0 can provide more flexibility, shorten delivery times, customize with small batch sizes and reduce costs, and workers will gradually be freer from performing routine tasks, focusing on more creative and more value-added. (KAGERMANN et al. 2013;(KAGERMANN et al., 2013;SHAFIQ et al., 2015SHAFIQ et al., , 2016. ...
... Even the cloud services considered by Frank et al. (2019) as the basic technology with the most affordable solution used by companies and that for Shafiq et al. (2015) it is very likely that the world of production will become increasingly networked until everything is interconnected, not all companies studied use cloud services, as is the case with company A (Figure 6). ...
... The principles of Industry 4.0 are interoperability, virtualization, decentralization, real-time capability, service orientation, and modularity [10]. Industry 4.0 can contribute to the manufacturing system more flexible, efficient, improving lead times, customizing small batch sizes, and reducing operational costs [10]. ...
... The principles of Industry 4.0 are interoperability, virtualization, decentralization, real-time capability, service orientation, and modularity [10]. Industry 4.0 can contribute to the manufacturing system more flexible, efficient, improving lead times, customizing small batch sizes, and reducing operational costs [10]. Industry 4.0's principles consist of data integration, flexible Adaption, cloud, intranet, intelligence, self-organizing, manufacturing process, optimization, secure communication, service orientation [11]. ...
... To find organic contaminants in cocaine samples, Cui et al. (34) used high-resolution mass spectrometry in combination with DART. Rapid sample preparation and high throughput demonstrated discriminating between linked and unlinked seizures using this approach. ...
... Dehumidification systems that are internally cooled aid to limit heat discharge and permit lower flow rates, which can enhance system performance. 34. The paper provides an understanding of policies to ensure self-organized life for human beings. ...
Chapter
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Internet and social networking sites have been taking part in a momentous role in development of business strategies. Businesses are using internet and social networking sites to establish direct interaction with their clients and to form a close bond with them. The choice of the best content marketing to raise the great connection and support long-term consumers is a critical part of increasing sales with the rise in popular trends in the globalized economy evolving the concomitant of e-commerce is continuing to develop. The motive of this paper is to review some research articles related to the impact of online marketing on retaining Sustainable Customers and the challenges faced by customers in purview of online marketing. Customers and online marketing, addressing the gaps in retaining customers through social media and internet. This Review Paper aims to provide insight on the field of long-term customers and online marketing in customer retention via social media and the web. Data is collected from Scopus which is a data warehouse index of acclaimed worldwide scientific publications. Writings, journal articles, reviews, and scholarly articles are all core components of the Scopus data Centre. The database contains details and provides a comprehensive overview of various published research in behavioral sciences. Scopus has advanced instruments for tracking, assessing, and observing research findings as a means of tracking information. From the literature review, this study found that online marketing initiatives have developed effective marketing techniques to satisfy consumer expectations and promote consumers towards sustainable consumption and propensity to repurchase brands from businesses. These marketing tactics are efficacious at drawing in new customers and giving businesses an astronomically immense boost in managing client connections to keep their current clients.
... Although its inherent benefits may justify the implementation of I4.0 related measures in companies, there is no recipe that enterprises should follow to embrace this revolution. In this regard, both academic and corporate spheres have been trying to help the Industrial sector to embark in this revolution through the creation and usage of several maturity models [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Some of these models have Lean notions embedded into them [28,31] -showcasing the importance of Lean Manufacturing in this shift. ...
... However, the current VMB has a fatal flaw on relying mainly on manual updating, so once it is finished, the compiling of information is already out of date and can´t provide a current time analysis. This was observed recurrently by the authors of this paper in several industrial companies and is also referred by several authors [27,49,80]. ...
Article
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In the last decade, industry across the globe has been under a massive change in its manufacturing paradigm triggered by the emergence of concepts such as Industry 4.0. Established streamlining philosophies such as Lean manufacturing had to cope with this paradigm shift. In this regard, expansive literature has developed concepts such as Digital Lean or Lean 4.0 to address such change. This publication fits in this same research stream as it provides a comprehensive and detailed conjunction on how to adapt lean instruments and the concepts of Lean Manufacturing to the Industry 4.0 environment. Two Lean tools/methods are taken as examples in this research to showcase something bigger: the difference between a pure digital conversion of a Lean tool (Visual Management Boards) and a possible “novel” Lean method (Single Minute Exchange of Die), enabled by its digitalization. New ways to apply both techniques are proposed. The analysis done in this study shows the feasibility to upgrade and modernize established Lean tools and methods, improving its efficiency and effectiveness, and also the possibility to give new features and scope to some of them, causing not only an improvement but a transformation.
... It's conceptually intended to integrate many dynamic technological concepts. Industry 4.0's goals, according to Shafiq et al. (2015) are to provide IT-enabled mass customization of manufactured products; automatic and flexible adaptation of the production chain; track parts and products; facilitate communication between parts, products, and machines; apply human-machine interaction (HMI) paradigms; achieving IoT-enabled production optimization in smart factories; and providing new services and business models of interaction. Lu (2017) Industry 4.0's principles are interoperability, virtualization, decentralization, real-time capability, service orientation, and modularity. ...
Article
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The Fourth Industrial Revolution, marked by technological advancements, is set to greatly improve the operational effectiveness of businesses and organizations globally. These developments have the potential to significantly improve waqf administration, raising its execution to a superior level. However, the existing literature has not extensively examined the potential consequences of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on waqf instruments. This study utilizes qualitative document action research to examine recurring problems related to waqf instruments and provide remedies through digitization measures. The study employed Research Rabbit AI’s cutting-edge algorithms and snowball sampling approaches to identify 30 articles that address significant challenges related to waqf management. The study explores the potential application of Fourth Industrial Revolution methods to digitalize waqf management, specifically addressing these challenges. The primary challenges facing waqf instruments include inefficiencies in management, difficulties in operations, and the need to establish trust among stakeholders. This study seeks to fill the existing gaps in waqf research in the digital age by providing conceptual improvements to drive the subject ahead. The research’s significance is to assist waqf stakeholders in taking proactive measures to improve and update the application of waqf in modern contexts.
... The objectives of Industry 4.0 may vary depending on industry type and geographical region. However, the benefits are the same globally, i.e. productivity improvement through enabling information technology for mass production of products, automation and flexibility in a production line, identification traceability at each step through better visibility, effective planning, product and process consistency and effective communication among all stakeholders and machine (Shafiq et al. 2015). ...
Article
Full-text available
The Pakistani aerospace industry is embracing digitalisation (within a year), utilising budgets of less than 5% of the company’s annual revenue; however, no industry claims that these technologies have been adopted to a large extent across their R&D, production/manufacturing, MRO, and services/distributor functions. According to 67% of respondents, there are no regulations, laws, or other government policies pertaining to Industry 4.0. Technological preparedness in the form of suitable software and hardware was highlighted as the main critical success factor, while Cybersecurity and cloud computing were identified as essential implementation tools. The originality and value of this study lie in it being the first study of its type on Industry 4.0 within the Pakistani aerospace sector. This research will serve as a strategic tool for policymakers, industry leaders, and stakeholders to guide informed decision-making and propel the aerospace sector towards sustainable growth and competitiveness.
... In the healthcare context, effectiveness pertains to the capacity for beneficial change resulting from interventions, treatments, or procedures [31,32]. The integration of Industry 4.0 technologies heralds a paradigm shift in health systems, intertwining physical and digital realms to enhance management outcomes [33,34]. By fostering intensive connectivity and data exchange, these technologies optimize resource utilization and streamline processes [35]. ...
Article
Full-text available
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming industries, including healthcare, by integrating digital, physical, and biological technologies. This study examines the integration of 4.0 technologies into healthcare, identifying success factors and challenges through interviews with 70 stakeholders from 33 countries. Healthcare is evolving significantly, with varied objectives across nations aiming to improve population health. The study explores stakeholders' perceptions on critical success factors, identifying challenges such as insufficiently trained personnel, organizational silos, and structural barriers to data exchange. Facilitators for integration include cost reduction initiatives and interoperability policies. Technologies like IoT, Big Data, AI, Machine Learning, and robotics enhance diagnostics, treatment precision, and real-time monitoring, reducing errors and optimizing resource utilization. Automation improves employee satisfaction and patient care, while Blockchain and telemedicine drive cost reductions. Successful integration requires skilled professionals and supportive policies, promising efficient resource use, lower error rates, and accelerated processes, leading to optimized global healthcare outcomes.
... Según lo expresado en [5,6] los objetivos de la Industria 4.0 son, proporcionar personalización masiva mediante el uso de las tecnologías de la información de los productos fabricados; realizar una adaptación automática y flexible de la cadena de producción; rastrear partes y productos; facilitar la comunicación entre piezas, productos y máquinas; aplicar paradigmas de interacción hombre-máquina (HMI); proporcionar nuevos tipos de servicios y negocios basados en modelos de interacción en la cadena de valor; y lograr la optimización de la producción mediante la IIoT en fábricas inteligentes. [7] El sector industrial cubano atraviesa una situación contrastante entre la obsolescencia de tecnologías, particularmente de automatización industrial, y una acelerada concientización de la necesidad de transitar a la transformación digital industrial en alineación con el paradigma de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial o Industria 4.0. ...
Article
Full-text available
La Industria 4.0 ha revolucionado la forma en que operan las industrias en todo el mundo, permitiendo una mayor eficiencia y optimización de los procesos. Sin embargo, para muchos países en desarrollo, como Cuba, el costo de implementar tecnologías avanzadas puede ser un desafío significativo. En este contexto, el controlador Velkys, desarrollado por la empresa AlaSoluciones, se presenta como una solución de bajo costo para impulsar el desarrollo de la Industria 4.0 en el país. El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar las capacidades del controlador Velkys, presentando el desarrollo hardware y software del dispositivo. Se utiliza como elemento principal el microcontrolador ESP32, el cual provee de conexión inalámbrica mediante Wifi y Bluetooth, así como una potente capacidad de procesamiento. El firmware del controlador se basa en el sistema operativo en tiempo real (FreeRTOS), asegurando una operación eficiente y confiable. Esta solución simplifica la transición hacia la Industria 4.0 en contextos donde el nivel de riesgo asociado con el proceso no sea extremo, como en la manufactura liviana y la agroindustria, entre otros, representando una alternativa viable y económica para promover la automatización en la industria cubana.
... [64]). Industry 4.0 follows solutions for connecting traditional industries internally and digitalizing effectively [73,72]. It is a complete transformation of the manufacturing industry through the introduction of digitization along with the Internet. ...
... The key is to have all information about manufacturing supply chains and all relevant industries. Shafiq et al. (2015;2016) argue that the main goals of Industry 4.0 are (1) to provide IT-enabled mass customisation of manufactured products; (2) to ensure that production chains adopt automatically and flexibly; (3) to track parts and products; (4) to facilitate communication among parts, products, and machines; (5) to apply human-machine interaction paradigms; (6) to achieve IoT-enabled production optimisation in smart factories; and (7) to provide new types of services and business models of interaction in the value chain. Similarly, Posada et al. (2015) and Roblek et al. (2016) identified five key elements of industry 4.0: (1) digitisation, optimisation, and personalisation of production; (2) automation and adoption; (3) human-machine cooperation; (4) value-added services and warehousing, and (5) automatic data exchange and communication. ...
... CPS integrates software and hardware, functioning across different spatiotemporal scales and adapting to context changes (Khaitan & McCalley, 2014). This convergence of the Physical and Digital Worlds establishes global networks for integrating manufacturing systems, machines, and warehousing systems (Shafiq et al., 2015;Wang et al., 2016). CPS examples include smart grids, industrial control systems, robotic systems, airplane autopilots, self-driving cars, and medical surveillance. ...
Article
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In the face of a tumultuous economic landscape and the swift progress of technology, businesses find themselves compelled to reshape their economic strategies in response to the challenges posed by intense global competition. Numerous scholars have delved into the realm of manufacturing systems and its array of tools. This study conducts a thorough examination of the transition from Group Technology to Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing System and offers insights into the future of manufacturing systems, particularly the application of industry 4.0 in asset management.
... Based on these requirements, the leading technologies, and barriers to implementing data-driven decision-making in the industry were identified. Shafiq et al. (2015), Proposed a framework for knowledge representation of engineering objects incorporating relevant knowledge and experience. ...
Conference Paper
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The article aims to present a case study of an electronics company with a focus on automotive products, using actual production data in which computer simulation was used to analyze the efficiency and process improvement, paying attention to the indicators and reduction of labor in the process using an intelligent system for inspection of the plates. A computational tool for discrete events is used to explore the system's functionalities, aiming to provide a more comprehensive view of the manual insertion process since the software has several performance analysis tools. The method was developed through "in loco" data collection, in similar cases studied in the literature, and in learning the computational tool, thus creating a virtual environment that allowed simulation of different strategies to achieve the desired result verifying. There is excellent potential for improvement with the proposed scenario. Finally, the results obtained with the simulation proved that its use emerges as a powerful tool for evaluating the rationalization of resources and the application of digital twins, predicting a new assembly line efficiency from 76.16% to 97.24% of improvement, making clear the advantages and characteristics of using computer simulation as a competitive tool for quick decision-making in the manufacturing process.
... printing technology enables on-demand production, reducing lead times, inventory costs, and waste, while enabling customization (Bueno et al., 2020). (Alexopoulos et al., 2016;Bueno et al., 2020;Lalanda et al., 2017;Shafiq et al., 2015Shafiq et al., , 2016 Cloud technology Data sharing, remote access to production-related information (Bueno et al., 2020;Erol & Sihn, 2017;Jeon & Kim, 2016) AI Predict maintenance schedules, production obstacles, and demand fluctuations (Shang & You, 2019;Usuga Cadavid et al., 2019). ...
Article
Full-text available
Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has brought transformative changes in the manufacturing sector. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the applications of I4.0 technologies in major work functions of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, this review focuses on the suitability of I4.0 technologies in areas such as New Product Development, Supply Chain Management, Internal Logistics Management, Production Planning Execution and Control, Quality Management, and Maintenance Management. This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology to comprehensively analyze relevant sources to present valuable perspectives and practical suggestions customized to the requirements of different essential work functions within manufacturing SMEs. The findings of SLR indicate that Big Data Analytics (BDA), Robotics, and Automation are perceived as highly sustainable, on the other hand, blockchain and cloud technology are viewed as having lower sustainability from SMEs' point of view. The findings presented in this article have several theoretical and practical implications including technology selection and integration, and considering sustainability and ethics. This will allow SMEs to seamlessly integrate distinct I4.0 technologies along three dimensions: vertical, horizontal, and end‐to‐end digital integration. This article intends to provide an unbiased assessment to ascertain the landscape occupied by I4.0 in the context of SMEs. This article highlights the connection and synergy between I4.0 and SMEs as well as the pertinence of how advanced technologies of I4.0 can influence the business processes in manufacturing SMEs.
... Agile models represent real-time interaction between physical and cyberspace (Aheleroff et al., 2021). These models are inductive, similar to agile design and manufacturing in Industry 4.0, and they stress simultaneous leading-edge solutions that surpass emerging changes with real-time responses (Lu, 2017;Shafiq et al., 2015). ...
Article
Digitization provides entirely new affordances for our economies and societies. This leads to previously unseen design opportunities and complexities as systems and their boundaries are redefined, creating a demand for appropriate methods to support design that caters to these new demands. Conceptual modeling is an established means for this, but it needs to advance to adequately depict the requirements of digitization. However, unlike the actual deployment of digital technologies in various industries, the domain of conceptual modeling itself has not yet undergone a comprehensive renewal in light of digitization. Therefore, inspired by the notion of Industry 4.0, an overarching concept for digital manufacturing, in this commentary paper, we propose Modeling 4.0 as the notion for conceptual modeling mechanisms in a digital environment. In total, 12 mechanisms of conceptual modeling are distinguished, providing ample guidance for academics and professionals interested in ensuring that modeling techniques and methods continue to fit contemporary and emerging requirements.
... The development of online and mobile banking has accelerated. Many companies have increased investment in the implementation of new information technologies and Industry 4.0 [100] into their business operations in order to increase the scale of its efficiency and adapt to current business trends. The scale of making purchases and using various information services by citizens from a smartphone has increased. ...
Preprint
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The main purpose of the article was to point out the growing importance of cybersecurity issues in the context of the use of new online media in the framework of remote communication and the Internetization of various aspects of business conducted in companies and enterprises. The pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (Covid-19) caused a rapid increase in the scale of development of remote communication and Internetization of various aspects of business activities. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the scale of purchases of products and services made via the Internet increased. The development of e-commerce, e-logistics, e-banking, e-marketing, etc. accelerated. With the accelerated development of online and mobile banking, the cybersecurity of financial transactions made through mobile banking is growing in importance. More and more citizens are making payments by smartphone and have an electronic payment bank card on their smartphone. The importance of improving cyber risk management is growing. In view of the above, the pandemic through the development of mobile banking has increased the importance of improving cybercrime risk management. The research shows that there is a fundamental relationship between the improvement of cyber security techniques and the process of digitization and Internetization of business and remote communication. The article indicates the growing importance of the issue of cyber security of the use of new Internet media in the development of business entities operating in Poland. The considerations and results of analysis contained in the article confirm the thesis that the development of cyber theft of sensitive data on the Internet forces the need for continuous improvement of cyber security techniques and instruments. Improving cyber security in the use of new Internet media is becoming one of the important determinants of the business success of online business. The text shows how the Covid-19 pandemic, which began in March 2020, played an important role in accelerating the Internetization of business entities. Keywords: Internetization, digitization, cybersecurity, cybercrime, remote communication, pandemic, Covid-19, business, new media, online media, electronic media, Internet, information technology, knowledge economy
... One definition of Industry 4.0 has been "I4.0 facilitates interconnection and computerisation into the traditional industry" (Masood and Sonntag 2020). The goals of I4.0 are many and wideto provide IT-enabled mass customization of manufactured products; to make an automatic and flexible adaptation of the production chain; to track parts and products; to facilitate communication among parts, products, and machines; to achieve IoT-enabled production optimization in smart factories; and to provide new types of services and business models of interaction in the value chain" (Shafiq et al. 2015). There are many benefits to implementing Industry 4.0; improving customer satisfaction, maximizing operational efficiency, reducing costs, and increasing competitiveness . ...
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This study looks to understand the uptake of Industry 4.0 and digital technologies by Small and Medium Enterprises and Micro Enterprises in the West of Ireland with a focus on the challenges of Industry 4.0 as well as current integration levels of Industry 4.0. This study finds that there is a high level of awareness of Industry 4.0 and digitalization and its benefits within West of Ireland SME’s and Micro enterprises. However, a sizeable majority are not implementing any Industry 4.0 projects currently, nor is it a part of their strategy. 53% of participant organizations had implemented Lean, with 97% of those only implementing within the last 2 years. The challenges to Industry 4.0 were high costs, lack of state support and fear of choosing the wrong equipment/solution. This is the first empirical study on Industry 4.0 readiness within the West of Ireland Small, Medium and Micro Enterprise space which investigates the understanding of and the readiness for Industry 4.0 as well as the motivation and support required by these enterprises for Industry 4.0. Organizations, including government bodies, can use this study to understand the readiness for digitalization and Industry 4.0 in smaller enterprises as opposed to larger enterprises.
... It can improve the efficiency of the SC and efficient management by creating a reliable industrial infrastructure and workforce training and increasing (Hofmann and Rüsch 2017;Zhou et al. 2016). Thus, industry 4.0 technologies have followed key impacts such as increased flexibility, productivity, and quality, and decreased lead times, costs, and development time (Asif et al. 2022;Moeuf et al. 2018;Shafiq et al. 2015). In addition, industry 4.0 is useful for raising the level of data sharing through the supply chain, the transparent lifecycle of a product, and gathering new information (Esmaeilian et al. 2020). ...
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Organizations will be increasingly concerned about maintaining their positions in today’s changing world, the high-tech era, and the emergence of innovative technologies because of the industrial revolutions. Everyone has come to believe that to survive and continue their constructive roles, they must achieve competitive advantages by working based on the trends. It is undeniable that the introduction of Industry 4.0 has had a significant impact on enterprises, organizations, and, of course, supply chains. In the meantime, selecting a supplier is one of the main strategic decisions of the organization because choosing the right supplier leads to increasing profitability, improving market competition, better accountability, enhancing product quality, and reducing costs. While the issue of supplier evaluation has been one of the interesting topics for researchers in recent decades, its development in the fourth supply chain generation needs further consideration. In this regard, current technologies in the fourth-generation industrial revolution, methods, and criteria used in previous studies based on industry 4.0 and before that are reviewed separately. By reviewing previous articles and experts’ opinions, thirteen sub-criteria considering industry 4.0 have been identified for selecting suppliers in three categories, economic, environmental, and social. The weight of each criterion has been determined using a set of fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) and considering the centrality of criteria in the concept of communication networks. To prioritize the suppliers, the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTS) VIKOR method has been used in hesitant fuzzy linguistic terms. Finally, a case study is introduced to illustrate the effectiveness and usefulness of our integrated methodology and prioritize its four suppliers.
... These abilities in turn contribute to firms' development of SC flexibility competence (Erro-Garcés and Aranaz-Núñez, 2020) by reconfiguring their SC to adapt to changes in the environment (Brennan et al., 2015). Further, these features of SC digital infrastructure derived from accumulation and exchange of digital data among SC partners aid in developing innovation competence (by providing new products, services and business models as a result of the interactions in the SC) (Shafiq et al., 2015(Shafiq et al., , 2016. Finally, digital culture is the basis of an expert firm that can pinpoint digital technologies that may be needed in the future and focus on developing capabilities for aligning new technologies with future changes (Beheregarai Finger et al., 2014) to ready its SC for adaptation to unforeseen environmental shifts. ...
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Purpose This study aims to test how three types of institutional pressure (normative, coercive, and mimetic) influence supply chain digital embeddedness (SCDE) and how SCDE benefits supply chain (SC) competences. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop and test hypotheses through structural equation modeling (SEM) based on data from 201 European firms. Institutional theory is applied to determine the reasons that lead SCs to embed digitally. SCDE is assessed through three dimensions: technology, infrastructure and culture. The data were analyzed using SEM-partial least squares (PLS-SEM) modeling with SmartPLS software. Findings The findings show a positive relationship of normative and coercive pressures to SCDE but no relationship between mimetic pressures and SCDE. Additionally, results confirm a positive relationship between SCDE and SC competences that contribute to SC competitive advantage obtaining. Practical implications The results underscore the importance of analyzing the environment when undertaking digital projects. Key issues include SC culture and infrastructure in these projects and the advisability of anticipating potential influence of digitalization projects on SC competences that support the chain’s competitive advantage. Originality/value This study contributes to institutional theory by providing empirical evidence of the individual effect of the three types of institutional pressure, with noteworthy lack of influence from mimetic pressures. The paper also contributes a conceptualization of SCDE composed of three dimensions: digital technologies, digital infrastructure and digital culture. Finally, the study advances the literature on SC competences.
... The integration of digital equipment in the production environment by ICT, robots, electronic devices, etc. leads to computer integrated manufacturing systems, also known as CPS. CPS is "the conjunction of the physical and digital worlds by creating global networks for businesses that integrate their technology, warehousing systems, and production facilities" (Shafiq et al., 2015). CPS facilitate manufacturing systems to be changeable and modular, necessary for manufacturing highly customised products in mass production environment (Kagermann et al., 2013). ...
... The integration of digital equipment in the production environment by ICT, robots, electronic devices, etc. leads to computer integrated manufacturing systems, also known as CPS. CPS is "the conjunction of the physical and digital worlds by creating global networks for businesses that integrate their technology, warehousing systems, and production facilities" (Shafiq et al., 2015). CPS facilitate manufacturing systems to be changeable and modular, necessary for manufacturing highly customised products in mass production environment (Kagermann et al., 2013). ...
... 32-33). In recent years, information technologies, ICT, Industry 4.0, etc., have been developing dynamically and are being used in knowledge-based economies (Reinhard, Jesper, Stefan, 2016). These technologies are used in scientific research and business applications in commercial enterprises and in financial and public institutions. ...
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Objectives The aim is to show how the post-pandemic reality affects the functioning and development of ICT, Big Data, Industry 4.0, social media portals, internet. Material and methods Critical analysis of literature, proprietary qualitative and quantitative research. Results In the period of the current fourth technological revolution, information technologies, ICT and Industry 4.0 are developing particularly fast. Digitization of the economy is currently taking place simultaneously in many areas of economic processes and in the functioning of many economic entities and public, financial and other institutions. Many companies, enterprises and public institutions that previously operated mostly or solely traditionally offline during the pandemic have switched to remote, electronic operation via the Internet and they continue this model to this day. Conclusions In view of the ongoing digitization of companies, offices and institutions, it is now assumed that, in line with the needs of most Internet users, personal data protection is the area of human existence that should be provided by entities operating on the Internet. Pursuant to the provisions of the Constitution, the protection of personal data is one of the elementary rights of every citizen, and therefore also of the Internet user. The incessant technological progress and in the field of the services offered by Internet companies caused a partial erosion of the actual operation of this law on the part of Internet users. This is because either Internet users are not fully aware of the avatars built in technological data warehouses of Internet companies or new ICT technologies no longer allow for the full privacy of citizens operating in information societies.
... In this sense, the action of Additive Manufacturing, one of the Key Enable Technologies (KET's) of the Industry 4.0 will train to the final client to be the manufacturer of the product. That is to say, the production now will be closer to the customer [4,5]. In particular, one of the main Additive Manufacturing technologies, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), has not evolved significantly since its creation in 1989 [6][7][8]. ...
Conference Paper
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Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is one of the widest Additive Manufacturing technologies used for the manufacturing of prototypes with complex geometry and different materials. However, nowadays commercial FFF machines have limitations in terms of process reliability and product quality. To overcome these limitations and increase the geometrical accuracy it is necessary to study the motion transmission mechanisms of the extruder head. In this sense, in this study, a development of an alternative transmission of linear movement in the Fused Filament Fabrication machines is proposed. Once the mechanism has been developed, this one is testing in order to quantify its accuracy. After the initial development, a virtual design will be generated, followed by a functional prototype. Manufacturing accuracy is usually 1 mm for domestic machines (±0.5) and better for industrial machines. The obtained results of the proposed transmission mechanism improve the accuracy up to 82 % and 0.27 was reached in the repeatability, that is a parameter not provided by the manufacturers.
... In modern factories, operations are migrating to the Industry 4.0 paradigm (Reinhard, Jesper, & Stefan, 2016), and therefore have smart digital management entities: the Cockpit (Vilas-Boas, Mirnoori, Razy, & Silva, 2019) which integrates the full information provided by the sensory network of the shop-floor. Based on this information, orders are given to the machines, in an integrated way and according to the needs of the plant output. ...
Chapter
Within a pulp industry production process, a drop in the performance of a wood log rotary debarker was identified. Such loss of performance was due to the occurrence of excessive wear of the device's cutting blades, requiring their regular and premature replacement. The material used to manufacture the cutting blades, Hardox 500, has characteristics considered adequate for the required use. However, it was concluded that the blade manufacturing process degraded its mechanical properties, leading to its premature wear when placed in service. The present study intends to propose, characterize, and validate an alternative cutting process to manufacture the debarker's cutting blades. Abrasive waterjet cutting technology was proposed to produce the cutting blades. The suitability of this manufacturing process is discussed considering the specified geometry and the material characteristics of the resulting cutting blades.
... It was suggested that they create a cloud-manufacturing platform based on the ideas presented in their paper. Shafiq et al. (2015) proposed a framework for engineering object knowledge depiction that incorporates relevant knowledge and experience. The framework was shown to be a specialization of a cyber-physical system. ...
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Purpose During the past decade, the necessity to integrate manufacturing and sustainability has increased mainly to reduce the adverse effect on the manufacturing industry, transforming traditional manufacturing into smart manufacturing by adopting the latest manufacturing technology as part of the Industry 4.0 revolution. Smart manufacturing has piqued the interest of both academics and industry. Manufacturing is a foundation of products and services required for human health, safety, and well-being in modern society and from an organizational standpoint. This paper uses bibliometric analysis better to understand the relationship between smart manufacturing and sustainability scholarship and provide an up-to-date account of current industry practices. Design/methodology/approach This paper used the bibliometric analysis method to analyze and draw conclusions from 839 articles retrieved from the Scopus database from 1994 to February 2022. The methodology is divided into four steps: data collection, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The current study aims to comprehend smart manufacturing and sustainability scholarship using the bibliometric R-package and VOSviewer software. Findings The study provides fascinating insights that may assist scholars, industry professionals, and top management in conceptualizing smart manufacturing and sustainability in their organizations. The results show that the number of publications has significantly increased from 2015 onwards, reaching a maximum of 317 journals in 2021 with an increasing publication annual growth rate of 21.9%. The United Kingdom, India, the United States of America, Italy, France, Brazil and China were the most productive countries in terms of the total number of publications. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Journal of Cleaner Production, International Journal of Production Research, Production Planning and Control, Business Strategy and the Environment Technology in Society, and Benchmarking: An International Journal emerged as the top outlets. Research limitations/implications The research in the area of smart manufacturing and sustainability is underpinned by this study, which aims to understand the trends in this field over the last two decades in terms of prolific authors, most influential journals, key themes, and the field's intellectual and social structure. However, according to the research, this field is still in its early stages of development. As a result, a more in-depth analysis is required to aid in the development of a better understanding of this new field. Originality/value The paper focuses on integrating smart manufacturing and sustainability through increased interest from 2015 onwards through the literature review. Specific policies should be formulated to improve the manufacturing sector's competence. Furthermore, these findings can guide researchers who want to delve deeper into smart manufacturing and sustainability.
... Textile dyeing and printing process is one such that can benefit from the digitalized transformation. It even helps in reducing pollution from this crucial component of the textiles production process (Shafiq et al., 2015). ...
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This perspective is an attempt at describing the complex liaison between the Indian textile sector and the factors determining its export competitiveness. These dynamics range from logistics to the digital circular economy. In still greater detail, these could be listed as the geographical spread and the dynamism of exports, product combination and the level of specialization of exports, technical and skill levels across the industry as also efficiency, which in turn is influenced by the cost of production, delivery timetables, dependability of producers; and the image of the product brand and the exporter nation. Use of tools such as review of studies and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) have been made so as to explain the theory of competitiveness in the Indian textile exports relative to its major competitors such as China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. The study addresses several important issues as to the competitiveness and challenges before the Indian textile sector as far as its export performance is concerned. It suggests some alternatives to the current logistics-centric competitiveness discourse, chiefly, sustainable and gendered aspects of trade. The main contention of this perspective is that if understood sincerely, a gender-friendly Digital Circular Economy could work wonders for one and all.
... In terms of features, Industry 4.0 can provide more flexibility, reduce lead times, customize small batch sizes, and reduce costs [19,20]. Technologies of Industry 4.0 can help managers to make decisions in real time, reduce risks, and increase productivity [21]. ...
... In addition, the I4.0 makes it possible for industries framed in the vision of the I3.0 to be highly interconnected and to seek the computerization of their processes. I4.0 seeks to achieve several objectives, including ICTdriven production customization, autonomous flexibility of production lines, systematic monitoring and communication of components, products and machines, and promoting methods where human-machine operations need to be implemented, as well as promoting the application of optimization methods in production lines using the IoT and offering industrial models in which there is high interaction in high-value production chains [38]. ...
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The incursion of disruptive technologies, such as the Internet of Things, information technologies, cloud computing, digitalization and artificial intelligence, into current production processes has led to a new global industrial revolution called Industry 4.0 or Manufacturing 4.0. This new revolution proposes digitization from one end of the value chain to the other by integrating physical assets into systems and networks linked to a series of technologies to create value. Industry 4.0 has far-reaching implications for production systems and engineering education, especially in the training of mechatronic engineers. In order to face the new challenges of the transition from manufacturing 3.0 to Industry 4.0 and 5.0, it is necessary to implement innovative educational models that allow the systematic training of engineers. The competency-based education model has ideal characteristics to help mechatronic engineers, especially in the development of specific competencies. This article proposes 15 technical considerations related to generic industrial needs and disruptive technologies that serve to determine those specific competencies required by mechatronic engineers to meet the challenges of Industry 4.0 and 5.0.
... In retrospect of the previous revolutionary development of manufacturing from its inception to the present day, it is observed that the period between revolutions has been drastically reduced. The integration into production systems is inevitable, which affects the increasing complexity of existing production systems (Shafiq et al., 2015). ...
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The fast pace of advances within the Industry 4.0 era has had a direct impact on the process of technology transfer, as well as brought forth new and hitherto unknown challenges. This study pursues the goal to delineate the challenges and/or limitations of the I4’s process of technology transfer in terms of anthropotechnological aspects. For this purpose, the combination of two methodologies, PRISMA and Methodi Ordinatio, was carried out. The final portfolio analysis was divided into quantitative and qualitative sections. As a result, the current and recurring challenges of this interaction were reported in an overlap. Moreover, it was demonstrated that most studies have been focusing their attention on what involves a more holistic issue of the whole scenario, be they in the organizational, educational, cultural, governmental, security, human capital, technologies, innovations, or sustainable development issues. Finally, this research can serve as a starting point for further researches, as well as contribute to the understanding of industries during the implementation of the Industry 4.0 and their challenges regarding processes of technology transfer.
Chapter
The term “smart manufacturing,” often recognized as “intelligent manufacturing,” remains widely utilized to indicate future manufacturing, or production of the future. It is an advanced style of manufacturing that blends industrial assets from the current and future perspectives with sensors, computer platforms, data-intensive modelling, communication technologies, management, simulation, and analytical engineering. It draws ideas from several fields, including data science, cloud computing (CC), artificial intelligence (AI), and cyber-physical systems (CPS). To give a comprehensive knowledge of the present understanding and many elements of smart manufacturing (SM), this study analyses the available literature, modern theories, information, and gaps for potential research initiatives. To determine the extent and trends of SM, a bibliometric study is utilized to reflect the various publishing sources, yearly publication numbers, keyword frequency, and top research and development regions.
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Lean manufacturing principles are being increasingly employed in off-site construction (OSC) with the primary objective of reducing waste and improving production efficiency. This is performed using several tools and technologies largely influenced by the concept of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) that sets fundamental design principles for technological development. However, the recent introduction of the concept of Industry 5.0 (I5.0) extends the I4.0 focus toward wider economic, social, and environmental implications. This study aims to evaluate extant literature employing lean tools and concepts in OSC toward the realization of I4.0 and I5.0 design principles, identifying key research themes and gaps and suggesting future directions. A mixed-method review was employed to first identify highly relevant literature using a bibliometric search. The identified references were then analyzed using qualitative content analysis through the lens of I4.0 and I5.0. Results highlight several interactions between identified lean-OSC tools and concepts and I4.0 and I5.0 design principles, signifying the power of these tools/concepts in meeting multiple industry objectives. The review also identifies a significant overlap between the resilience principle in I5.0 and many of the I4.0 principles, emphasizing resilience as an integrative concept of technological principles. Finally, several research gaps relating to the social and environmental aspects of lean-OSC research were identified, including research on mental health, assistive technologies, and design for end-of-life.
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Organizational Privacy is a critical concept in technology adoption and data sharing. The study aims to understand how organization information sharing needs, capabilities, and willingness drive their Privacy decisions in adopting emerging technologies in an Industry 4.0 supply chain characterized by environmental dynamism and technologies. Privacy also goes hand in hand with data security since most privacy-enhancing measures improve data security. The study aims to empirically assess organizational privacy decisions through the theoretical prisms of organizational information processing, privacy calculus, and the Technology-Organization-Environment framework. The extant privacy literature primarily deals with individual and user-level privacy decisions. Therefore, the study bridges a critical gap in establishing and validating a theory behind the organizational need to protect information in the Industry 4.0 supply chain.
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Indonesia has the lowest Industry 4.0 (I4.0) readiness in South East Asia, and uses the INDI 4.0 instrument (Indonesia Industry 4.0 readiness index), which is not as comprehensive and accurate as it could be. An Initial survey confirmed that only 56.86% of respondents agreed that INDI 4.0 accurately measured readiness in manufacturing operations. Unlike the primary I4.0 indices, INDI 4.0 lacks comprehensive I4.0 dimensions and characteristics. This paper aims to identify the dimensions and indicators of I4.0 readiness to enhance INDI 4.0 through an exploratory mixed-method research approach with a multiphase research design. The first phase consisted of a qualitative approach through a documentary review, interviews, and observations to explore the dimensions and indicators of I4.0 readiness. This phase successfully identified four dimensions that experts, academics, and practitioners validated: technology, data life cycle, I4.0 design principles, and smart factory. These dimensions were broken down into 27 indicators of I4.0 readiness, then validated again through a statistical approach before being affirmed by a survey with a Pearson’s correlation > 0.361 and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.987, which indicated validity and reliability. The second phase, using a quantitative approach through a survey, confirmed the four dimensions and 27 indicators for measuring I4.0 readiness levels; these were ‘not ready’, ‘early stage’, ‘moderate readiness’, ‘readiness ripe’, and ‘already implemented’. This finding comprehensively measured I4.0 readiness based on feedback from industries struggling to adopt I4.0, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. This finding also differed from existing indices (Acatech, RAMI 4.0, Dreamy, SIMMI 4.0. IMPULS) from developed countries and industries already stable in implementing I4.0. eywords: (Industry 4.0, I4.0 readiness indicators, INDI 4.0)
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The chapter is on ERP & SCM
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Digital twin (DT) is an enabling technology that integrates cyber and physical spaces. It is well-fitted for manufacturing setup since it can support digitalized assets and data analytics for product and process control. Conventional manufacturing setups are still widely used all around the world for the fabrication of large-scale production. This article proposes a general DT implementation architecture for engineering objects/artifacts used in conventional manufacturing. It will empower manufacturers to leverage DT for real-time decision-making, control, and prediction for efficient production. An application scenario of Decisional-DNA based anomaly detection for conventional manufacturing tools is demonstrated as a case study to explain the architecture.
Article
After the introduction of computers and the Internet into our lives with the Third Industrial Revolution, digital developments such as wireless networks, computing, cloud infrastructures, big data technologies, artificial intelligence-enhanced robots, internet of things (IoT), and cyber-physical systems (CPS) are starting of a new technological age. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, known as Industry 4.0, will initiate a transformation in production models, as in many areas, with its technological tools. The aforementioned components of Industry 4.0, cyber-physical systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing, artificial intelligence and robotic technologies have transformed production and changed the nature of many businesses. This digital transformation puts pressure on the labor market and the transformation of the labor factor and stands before us as a multidimensional problem that needs to be resolved. While these technologies increase competitiveness in terms of cost advantage and efficiency in production, they bring about changes in the production structure. The technology mentioned in all areas of life is planned to serve the "unmanned" mission. With unmanned transportation vehicles, educational institutions, hospitals, factories and many others, human labor will be replaced by artificial intelligence wonder robots, robotic arms and machines in daily life. The perfect example of full automation, dark factories, robots with artificial intelligence technology, robotic arms and machines that communicate with each other, seem to seriously shake the place of labor in production. In this process, the following question comes to mind: Will the machines that are expected to replace labor affect employment negatively or is it possible for labor to keep up with this technological transformation? Considering the unmanned mission of technological transformation, it means that this situation will negatively affect the employment of the labor factor and technological unemployment will increase. However, the disadvantaged position of labor in an environment with a high level of automation should be evaluated in terms of the characteristics of the current labor market. The jobs of the future undergoing technological transformation require more technological knowledge and human skills. Although technological developments leave production to artificial intelligence, robots and smart machines, human intelligence is still needed behind these technological wonders. In all production and service units built on full automation, there will always be a need for technicians and engineers working in the background of the flawless operation of that technology. Although this shows that unskilled labor force will lose the war against technology, it shows that there is always hope for qualified labor force. In the study, the current situation is revealed by making a literature study on the effect of technological developments in the labor market, and the effects of this technological transformation on the labor market are mentioned by giving information about the concept of industry 4.0 and its components. Possible changes in the labor market due to the intensive use of smart technologies in the production of goods and services are also included.
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New media plays a significant role in taking the opportunities to digitize the globe and make a global village and if we look at the fundamental needs of industrial revolution 4.0 referred to as IoT, it seems to be an undeniable fact that new media play a vital role as to provide hefty platforms that have the ability to access, manage and control real-time product-related data, information, and knowledge for high-quality connectivity and insights across manufacturers, partners, and people. This paper does not only focuses on highlighting the uses and needs of new media in industry 4.0 but it will also give room for the security breaches and data leaks solution with a new set of skills in consequence of education and training. However, there are still many challenges that need to be tackled systematically to ensure a smooth transition of standard compliance verification framework.
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Purpose This study aims to provide an excellent overview of current research trends in the construction sector in digital advancements. It provides a roadmap to policymakers for the effective utilisation of emergent digital technologies and a need for a managerial shift for its smooth adoption. Design/methodology/approach A total of 3,046 peer-reviewed journal review articles covering Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, building information modelling (BIM) and digital technologies within the construction sector were reviewed using scientometric mapping and weighted mind-map analysis techniques. Findings Prominent research clusters identified were: practice-factor-strategy, system, sustainability, BIM and construction worker safety. Leading countries, authors, institutions and their collaborative networks were identified with the UK, the USA, China and Australia leading this field of research. A conceptual framework for an IoT-based concrete lifecycle quality control system is provided. Originality/value The study traces the origins of the initial application of Industry 4.0 concepts in the construction field and reviews available literature from 1983 to 2021. It raises awareness of the latest developments and potential landscape realignment of the construction industry through digital technologies conceptual framework for an IoT-based concrete lifecycle quality control system is provided.
Chapter
In agile Production Systems Engineering (PSE), multi-disciplinary teams work concurrently on various PSE artifacts in an iterative process that can be supported by common concept and Product-Process-Resource (PPR) modeling. However, keeping track of the interactions and effects of changes across engineering disciplines and their implications for risk assessment is exceedingly difficult in such settings. To tackle this challenge and systematically co-evolve Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and PPR models during PSE, it is necessary to propagate and validate changes across engineering artifacts. To this end, we design and evaluate a FMEA-linked-to-PPR assets (FMEA+PPR) meta model to represent relationships between FMEA elements and PSE assets and trace their change states and dependencies in the design and validation lifecycle. Furthermore, we design and evaluate the FMEA+PPR method to efficiently re-validate FMEA models upon changes in multi-view PSE models. We evaluate the model and method in a feasibility study on the quality of a joining process automated by a robot cell in automotive PSE. The study results indicate that the FMEA+PPR method is feasible and addresses requirements for FMEA re-validation better than alternative traditional approaches. Thereby, the FMEA+PPR approach facilitates a paradigm shift from traditional, isolated PSE and FMEA activities towards an integrated agile PSE method.
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Industry Revolution (IR) 4.0 technologies are considered crucial in industries to gain competitive advantage and optimize their performance. This study aims to compare different levels of adoption of IR 4.0 technologies from various industries in developed and developing countries. The comparison of countries on IR 4.0 technologies adoption from basic to advanced levels are shown in this research paper using our unique simplistic approach. Also, we identify what are the contributing factors that affect the level of adoption of these technologies. It has been concluded that developed countries are slightly higher in adopting technologies compared to developing countries. Research conducted is qualitative and descriptive, using secondary data from eight different countries from developing and developed categories.
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Industry 4.0, which we are on the verge of, is projected to either change or completely eliminate traditional industries. For this reason, it is clear that businesses that adapted early to Industry 4.0 will have an advantage in competition, as in other industrial revolutions. Hence, it is inevitable for the Textile and Ready-to-Wear Industry to be affected by this revolution. One of the easiest methods to adapt to Industry 4.0 is technology transfer. For this reason, the transfer of Industry 4.0 technologies of textile and apparel industry, one of the most important industries for Turkey, is evaluated in this study. Within the scope of this assessment, textile and ready-to-wear enterprises that managed to enter ISO's list of 500 major industrial enterprises were examined. The data of the related enterprises have obtained from official web pages, reports, corporate media shares and news sources. From the analysis of the data obtained, it has found that 47.37% (18 units) of textile enterprises and 28.57% (4 units) of apparel enterprises transferred some of the technologies of Industry 4.0. In addition, textile and clothing companies transferred the Big Data Technology the most. On the other hand, it has been determined that textile enterprises have not yet transferred system integration and apparel enterprises have not yet transferred Cloud Computing and autonomous Robot technologies.
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This paper illustrates the idea of Virtual Engineering Object (VEO) powered by Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS) and Decisional DNA (DDNA). A VEO is the knowledge representation of an engineering object, having embodiment of all its associated knowledge and experience within it. Moreover, VEO is a specialization of Cyber-Physical System (CPS) in terms of that its extension in knowledge gathering and reuse, whereas CPS is only aimed towards data and information management. The SOEKS/DDNA is a flexible and standard knowledge representation structure to acquire and store experiential knowledge. The article also presents a case study to demonstrate implementation of VEO in the manufacturing scenario. The decision making in industrial design and manufacturing will benefit from this approach, as it includes capturing, storage and reuse of experience and knowledge of an engineering artefact.
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This article reviews research work on set of experience knowledge structure (SOEKS)-decisional DNA (DDNA) done in the past, ongoing, and planned for the future. Firstly, the concept of the knowledge representation technique of SOEKS-DDNA is discussed, and then an attempt is made to organize the past research related with it in chronological order. This work focuses on the review on SOEKS-DDNA, its application in different domains, the various implementation platforms, as well as its benefits and its limitations. The second part of this article provides an idea of the SOEKS-DDNA-related research endeavors currently carried out by us and the last part is a sneak peek into our planned future work.
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Collecting, distributing and sharing knowledge in a knowledge-explicit way is a significant task for any company. However, collecting decisional knowledge in the form of formal decision events as the fingerprints of a company is an utmost advance. Such decisional fingerprint is called decisional DNA. Set of experience knowledge structure can assist on accomplishing this purpose. In addition, Ontology-based technology applied to set of experience knowledge structure would facilitate distributing and sharing companies' decisional DNA. Such possibility would assist in the development of an e-decisional community, which will support decision-makers on their overwhelming job. The purpose of this paper is to explain the development of. an OWL decisional Ontology built upon set of experience, which would make decisional DNA, that is, explicit knowledge of formal decision events, a useful element in multiple systems and technologies, as well as in the construction of the e-decisional community.
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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrations of computation and physical processes. Embedded computers and networks monitor and control the physical processes, usually with feedback loops where physical processes affect computations and vice versa. The economic and societal potential of such systems is vastly greater than what has been realized, and major investments are being made worldwide to develop the technology. There are considerable challenges, particularly because the physical components of such systems introduce safety and reliability requirements qualitatively different from those in general- purpose computing. Moreover, physical components are qualitatively different from object-oriented software components. Standard abstractions based on method calls and threads do not work. This paper examines the challenges in designing such systems, and in particular raises the question of whether today's computing and networking technologies provide an adequate foundation for CPS. It concludes that it will not be sufficient to improve design processes, raise the level of abstraction, or verify (formally or otherwise) designs that are built on today's abstractions. To realize the full potential of CPS, we will have to rebuild computing and networking abstractions. These abstractions will have to embrace physical dynamics and computation in a unified way.
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Knowledge representation and engineering techniques are becoming useful and popular components of hybrid integrated systems used to solve complicated practical problems in different disciplines. These techniques offer features such as: learning from experience, handling noisy and incomplete data, helping with decision making, and predicting capabilities. In this paper, we present a multi-domain knowledge representation structure called Decisional DNA that can be implemented and shared for the exploitation of embedded knowledge in multiple technologies. Decisional DNA, as a knowledge representation structure, offers great possibilities on gathering explicit knowledge of formal decision events as well as a tool for decision making processes. Its applicability is shown in this paper when applied to different decisional technologies. The main advantages of using the Decisional DNA rely on: (i) versatility and dynamicity of the knowledge structure, (ii) storage of day-to-day explicit experience in a single structure, (iii) transportability and shareability of the knowledge, and (iv) predicting capabilities based on the collected experience. Thus, after analysis and results, we conclude that the Decisional DNA, as a unique multi-domain structure, can be applied and shared among multiple technologies while enhancing them with predicting capabilities and facilitating knowledge engineering processes inside decision making systems.
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Some of the most complicated issues about knowledge are its acquisition and its conversion into explicit knowledge. Therefore, among all knowledge forms, storing formal decision events in a knowledge-explicit way is considered an important development. Set of an experience knowledge structure is a vehicle able to acquire explicit knowledge of formal decision events. The purpose of this article is to show an effective form of transformation of a set of experience into a shareable and understandable shape able to travel among different systems. A transportable set of experience could be applied in many technologies, and in consequence, it can advance the notion of administering knowledge in the current decision-making environment.
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In this article, we present a Java class and an ontology system implementation for the exploitation of embedded experiential knowledge that can be used in several domains. We support this approach on three concepts: Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS), a tool able to collect and manage explicit decisional knowledge; Decisional DNA, a structure for decisional knowledge akin to human DNA; and a group of ontologies for ubiquitous applications called SOUPA (Standard Ontology for Ubiquitous and Pervasive Applications).The SOUPA is extended with the Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS), enhancing the decisional experience used to assemble Decisional DNA with ontology characteristics for ubiquitous and pervasive applications. Additionally, we propose a SOEKS Java class created for the support and easy implementation of applications using the extended SOUPA which will allows the construction of a Decisional DNA repository useful within many different intelligent systems and platforms.
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Cyber-Physical Systems-Are Computing Foundations Adequate?” Position Paper presented at the NSF Workshop on Cyber-Physical Systems: Research Motivation, Techniques, and Roadmap
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