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94 Nupponen et al. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12
The cochylid fauna of the Southern Ural Mountains, with
description of
Cochylimorpha
ignicolorana
Junnilainen & K.
Nupponen sp. n. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Cochylini)
Kari Nupponen, Jari Junnilainen, Timo Nupponen & Vladimir Olschwang
Nupponen, K., Junnilainen, J., Nupponen, T. & Olschwang, V. 2001: The
cochylid fauna of the Southern Ural Mountains, with description of
Cochylimorpha ignicolorana Junnilainen & K. Nupponen sp. n. (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae: Cochylini). — Entomol. Fennica 12: 94–107.
A list of 78 species of the tortricoid tribe Cochylini from the southern Ural
Mountains is presented. The material was collected during 1996–2000 on nine
different Finnish-Russian expeditions. Cochylimorpha ignicolorana
Junnilainen & K. Nupponen sp. n. is described. The new taxon occurs on dry
steppe slopes in the headland region of the southern Urals, and it is rather easy
to separate from closely related taxa both externally and by the male genitalia.
In addition, 7 species are reported as new for Europe and 4 species as new for
Russia. The known distribution range of each species is given as well as
further notes on some poorly known taxa.
Kari Nupponen, Miniatontie 1 B 9, FIN-02360 Espoo, Finland
Jari Junnilainen, Mahlapolku 3, FIN-01730 Vantaa, Finland
Timo Nupponen, Riilahdentie 5 D 15, FIN-02360 Espoo, Finland
Vladimir Olschwang, Nagornaja Street 11-32, RUS-620028 Ekaterinburg,
Russia
Received 2 January 2001, accepted 3 March 2001
1. Introduction
There is a long tradition of lepidopterological stud-
ies in the southern Ural region, the southeastern-
most corner of Europe. Prof. Eduard Eversmann
(1844) made thorough faunistic investigations in
the area in the 19th century and described numer-
ous new species, among them several cochylids.
The cochylid fauna is very rich in the headlands
of the southern Ural Mountains and the adjacent
lowland steppes, and many further cochylids were
described from there and adjacent regions at the
end of the 19th century by several authors
(Christoph, Kennel, Möschler, Staudinger). How-
ever, since the beginning of the 20th century there
has not been any serious collecting activities in
the region for almost one hundred years and many
of the previously discovered species have been
considered great rarities to date.
The recently changed political situation in Rus-
sia has made visits to the southern Urals possible
again. The present article is based on our own stud-
ies of the cochylid fauna in that area.
2. The investigated area, material and
methods
The investigated area is situated in Cheliabinsk and
Orenburg oblasts and Bashkiria in the southern Ural Moun-
© Entomologica Fennica. 22 October 2001
95ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12 • The cochylid fauna of the Southern Ural Mountains
tains, between 50°40´N–56°30´N and 54°26´E–62°06´E.
The majority of collecting places was located on the east-
ern-southern foothill region and at low altitude. The habi-
tats were mainly different kinds of steppes, but also taiga
forests, alpine meadows and mountain tundra. The lowest
locality was in the valley of the river Ilek, Novoiletzk
(100 m a.s.l.) and the highest one the Iremel Mountain (1580
m a.s.l.). Most localities were lying at an elevation of 200–
450 m.
The present article is based on the material collected
during 1996–2000 on 9 different expeditions. The dates,
areas visited and collectors on each of the trips are as fol-
lows:
— 1: 13.–29.VI.1996; Cheliabinsk oblast, Bashkiria; K.
Nupponen, J.-P. Kaitila, J. Junnilainen, M. Ahola.
— 2: 26.VI.–16.VII.1997; Cheliabinsk oblast; K. Nup-
ponen, J.-P. Kaitila, J. Junnilainen, M. Ahola.
— 3: 25.V.–22.VI.1998; Orenburg oblast, Cheliabinsk
oblast, Bashkiria; K. Nupponen, T. Nupponen, J.
Junnilainen.
— 4: 11.–31.VII.1998; Orenburg oblast, Cheliabinsk oblast,
Bashkiria; K. Nupponen.
— 5: 11.–20.V.1999; Orenburg oblast, Cheliabinsk oblast;
K. Nupponen.
— 6: 13.–30.VI.1999; Orenburg oblast, Cheliabinsk oblast,
Bashkiria; K. Nupponen, T. Nupponen.
— 7: 19.VI.2000; Sverdlovsk oblast (near Ekaterinburg);
K. Nupponen, T. Nupponen.
— 8: 25.VII.–04.VIII.2000; Orenburg oblast, Cheliabinsk
oblast, Bashkiria; T. Nupponen.
— 9: 26.VIII.–06.IX.2000; Orenburg oblast, Cheliabinsk
oblast; K. Nupponen.
The material was collected both by artificial light at night
and by sweeping and netting during daytime. Altogether
over 2000 specimens of cochylids were collected, and a
large amount of additional specimens were observed and
determined in the field. The majority of the material was
examined by Kari Nupponen. The following colleagues also
determined parts of the material and/or confirmed the de-
termination of some critical taxa: J. Itämies, J. Junnilainen,
J.-P. Kaitila, M. Mutanen and T. Nupponen. The collected
material is mostly deposited in the private collections of the
observers.
The collecting localities are mentioned below. Brief
variants of locality names are given in uppercase letters
before each locality and used later in the species list. The
italicized dates indicate daytime collecting only in the lo-
cality. The number given to each of the localities is con-
nected with that on the map (Fig. 1).
— 1: AJAT RIVER: Cheliabinsk oblast, 53°02´N 62°06´E,
200 m, Ajat river near Nikolaevka village. A rocky hill
in a riverbank, surrounded by a moist place on a riverside
Fig. 1. Map of southern
Ural region with collecting
localities. — 1: Ajat river.
— 2: Arkaim. — 3: Bajmak.
— 4: Berlin. — 5: Chalk
Hills. — 6: Iremel. — 7:
Kidriasovo. — 8: Kizilskoye.
— 9: Kuvandyk. — 10:
Kuvandyk 2. — 11: Miass.
— 12: Moskovo. — 13:
Burannoe, Novoiletzk. —
14: Sakmara river. — 15:
Verbljushka. — 16: Zirgan.
— 17: Shkunovka. — 18:
Bishtiryak. — 19: Sanarskii
Bor. — 20: Uchaly. — 21:
Ekaterinburg biol.st. — 22:
Kosmokovo. — 23: Tavatui.
96 Nupponen et al. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12
and a large Artemisia steppe. 03.–05.VII.1997,
24.25.–VII.1998, 04.05.IX.2000.
— 2: ARKAIM: Cheliabinsk oblast, 52°39´N 59°34´E, 350
m, Arkaim reserve near Amurskii village. A large reserve
with different kinds of steppe habitats. 14.–19.VI.1996,
06.–10.VII.1997, 22.–23.VII.1998, 17.V.1999, 15.–
16.VI.1999.
— 3: BAJMAK: Bashkiria, 52°40´N 58°34´E, 450 m,
Bajmak 15 km E. Open foothill steppe locality. 17.–
18.VI.1998.
— 4: BERLIN: Cheliabinsk oblast, 53°59´N 61°12´E,
250 m, Troizkii reserve near Berlin village. A small,
mainly grassland steppe surrounded by a bog and young
forest. 30.VI.–02.VII.1997.
—18: BISHTIRYAK: Bashkiria, 51°48´N 57°05´E, 500
m, Kasmarka river near Bishtiryak village. Steep rocky
slopes, dry meadows and deciduous forests. 13.–
14.VII.1998.
— 13: BURANNOE: Orenburg oblast, 50°58´N 54°25´E,
100 m, near Burannoe village, Ilek river valley. Lowland
Artemisia steppes, wet meadows and wetlands. 20.–
21.VI.1999, 30.VII.2000, 29.VIII.2000.
— 5: CHALK HILLS: Orenburg oblast, 50°40–45´N
54°26–28´E, 170–230 m, Pokrovka village 20 km S,
Schibendy valley. A dry, open, lowland Artemisia
steppe with wet meadows along the small riverside.
Whitish limestone rocks surround the flat valley, the
vegetation being luxurious in northern slopes and very
sparse in southern slopes. 03.–07.VI.1998, 17.–
18.VII.1998, 21.–24.VI.1999, 31.VII.–01.VIII.2000,
30.–31.VIII.2000.
— EKATERINBURG: Sverdlovsk oblast, Ekaterinburg
city. 27.VII.1998.
— 21: EKATERINBURG BIOL.ST.: Sverdlovsk oblast,
Ekaterinburg 50 km S, near Dvurechensk village, bio-
logical station of Ural’s university. Mixed forests, bogs
and meadows. 20.–22.VI.1998.
— 6: IREMEL: Cheliabinsk oblast, 54°31–35´N 58°49–
54´E, 900–1580 m, Iremel Mountain reserve. Taiga
forest between 800–1300 m, alpine meadows at 1300–
1400 m and mountain tundra at the highest elevation
over 1400 m. 23.–27.VI.1996, 11.–14.VII.1997, 25.–
28.VI.1999.
— 7: KIDRIASOVO: Orenburg oblast, 51°13´N 57°37´E,
350 m, Mednogorsk 20 km S, near Kidriasovo village.
Open, partly gravelly foothill steppe with plenty of
Caragana bushes in lower parts of the slopes and wet
meadows between the hills. 28.–30.V.1998, 16.VI.1999.
— 8: KIZILSKOYE: Cheliabinsk oblast, 52°39´N 59°00´E,
300 m, Kizilskoye 15 km S, near Ural river. Dry, open
Artemisia – Stipa steppe with rocky hills. 27.–
28.V.1998, 18.V.1999, 26.VII.2000, 03.IX.2000.
—22: KOSMOKOVO: Sverdlovsk oblast, Ekaterinburg
50 km S, Kosmokovo village. Dry meadows, conifer
forests, waterside meadows and cultural habitats.
19.VI.2000.
— 9: KUVANDYK: Orenburg oblast, 51°26´N 57°26´E,
250 m, Kuvandyk 12 km SE. A foothill region with
different kinds of steppes and old Quercus – Populus –
Betula forests on the top of the hills.13.–16.VI.1998,
19.–21.VII.1998, 15.V.1998, 02.VIII.2000,
02.IX.2000.
— 10: KUVANDYK 2: Orenburg oblast, 51°37´N 57°34´E,
300 m, Kuvandyk 30 km NE. Rocky hills and meadows,
at the slopes some blackish coloured, hot, gravelly spots
with sparse vegetation. 16.–17.VI.1998, 03.VIII.2000.
— 11: MIASS: Cheliabinsk oblast, 55°01´N 60°06´E, 350
m, Miass, Ilmen State reserve. Forest steppes and old
conifer forests. The records from Miasovo lake be-
longing to the same reserve (appr. 10 km NE) are
included in the list of Miass. 13.VI.1996, 28.–29.VI.1996,
26.–29.VI.1997, 15.–16.VII.1997, 25.–26.V.1998,
19.–20.VI.1998, 11.V.1999, 18.–20.V.1999, 29.–
30.VI.1999, 26.VIII.2000, 06.IX.2000; In addition, light
trap collecting during 15.VI.–24.VIII.1999 and 25.VII.–
05.IX.2000.
— 12: MOSKOVO: Cheliabinsk oblast, 53°57´N 59°03´E,
650 m, near Moskovo village. Open, rocky foothill
region with different kinds of steppes and wet meadows
along the riverside. 22.–23.VI.1996, 10.–11.VII.1997,
26.V.1998, 18.VI.1998, 11.–13.VII.1998, 04.VIII.2000,
26.VIII.2000.
— 13: NOVOILETZK: Orenburg oblast, 50°59´N 54°17–
22´E, 100 m, Novoiletzk 8 km E, Ilek river valley. Sand
dune region with few Artemisia steppe spots, wet
meadows and wetlands. 08.–09.VI.1998.
— 14: SAKMARA RIVER: Bashkiria, 51°54´N 57°43´E,
450 m, Sakmara river near Jantyshevo village. Forest
steppes, meadows and mixed forests. 20.–21.VI.1996.
— 19: SANARSKII BOR: Cheliabinsk oblast, 54°06´N
60°30´E, 400 m, Sanarskii bor near Sanarka village.
Old conifer forest. 26.–27.VII.1998.
— 17: SHKUNOVKA: Orenburg oblast, 50°48´N 55°18´E,
200 m, Malaja Hobda river near Shkunovka village.
Large lowland steppes, rocky hills and wet meadows
along the riverside. 01.–02.IX.2000.
— 23: TAVATUI: Sverdlovsk oblast, Ekaterinburg 60 km
W, near Tavatui village. Mixed forests and meadows.
28.–30.VII.1998.
— 20: UCHALY: Bashkiria, 54°33´N 59°41´E, 500 m,
Uchaly village 30 km NE. Foothills with different kinds
of meadows. 25.VII.2000.
— 15: VERBLJUSHKA: Orenburg oblast, 51°23´N
56°49´E, 130–340 m, Donskoje village 6 km W, Mount
Verbljushka. A 200 m high hill in the Ural River bank
at the southern corner of the foothill region. The
southern slope is extremely hot with more or less sparse
vegetation. Artemisia steppe is present in the western
slope and quite a luxuriant, rich flora in the northern
slope. There are wet meadows and deciduous forest
97ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12 • The cochylid fauna of the Southern Ural Mountains
between the hill and the river. 30.V.–02.VI.1998, 10.–
12.VI.1998, 14.–16.VII.1998, 12.–14.V.1999, 17.–
19.VI.1999, 27.–29.VII.2000, 27.–28.VIII.2000.
— 16: ZIRGAN: Bashkiria, 53°12´N 56°00´E, 400 m, near
Zirgan village. Forest steppes. 24.VI.1999.
3. List of cochylid species
The nomenclature follows that of Razowski
(1996). The known distribution for each species
is given, as well as further notes on some poorly
known species. The data on the distribution range
of the species originate from Razowski (1970,
1996) and Kuznetsov et. al. (1998). The term S
Russia is used for the lower Volga region, the
southernmost part of European Russia.
Phtheochroa inopiana (Haworth, 1811)
Ajat river 04.VII.1997, 04.IX.2000; Berlin 01.VII.1997;
Chalk Hills 23.VI.1999; Kuvandyk 13.VI.1998; Verbljushka
14.VII.1998. Common.
Distribution. Holarctic.
Phtheochroa pulvillana (Herrich-Schäffer,
1851)
Chalk Hills 04.–07.VI.1998; Kuvandyk 13.–15.VI.1998;
Verbljushka 30.V.–02.VI.1998, 10.–12.VI.1998, 17.VI.1999.
Rather common.
Distribution. W Palaearctic.
Phtheochroa decipiens (Walsingham, 1900)
Verbljushka 30.V.–02.VI.1998 1 ¥.
Distribution. Widely distributed in the south,
from Asia Minor to C Asia.
Remark. New to Europe and Russia.
Phtheochroa sodaliana (Haworth, 1811)
Chalk Hills 03.–07.VI.1998; Kuvandyk 13.–15.VI.1998,
19.VII.1998. A total of 3 exx.
Distribution. Europe, Asia Minor.
Phtheochroa kenneli (Obraztsov, 1944)
Chalk Hills 30.VIII.2000 1 £, 31.VIII.2000 1 £, 1 ¥.
Distribution. S Russia, S Ukraine, N Caucasus.
Phtheochroa krulikovskii (Obraztsov, 1944)
Chalk Hills 30.VIII.2000 7 ££, 5 ¥¥, 31.VIII.2000 6 ££,
9 ¥¥.
Distribution. S Russia, Kazakhstan, C Asia,
Mongolia.
Remark. The host plant of the taxon, Nanophyton
erinaceum (Pallas) (cf. Razowski 1970), occurs
in the locality.
Phtheochroa vulneratana (Zetterstedt, 1839)
Iremel 13.VII.1997 2 ¥¥.
Distribution. Holarctic, boreomontane.
Remark. In S Ural the taxon occurs only in
the highest mountains at an elevation of over
1300 m.
Cochylimorpha hilarana (Herrich-Schäffer,
1851)
Ajat river 03.–04.VII.1997, 24.–25.VII.1998; Arkaim
22.VII.1998; Chalk Hills 30.VIII.2000; Kizilskoye
26.VII.2000. A total of about 20 exx.
Distribution. Europe, Asia Minor.
Cochylimorpha halophilana (Christoph, 1882)
Ajat river 25.VII.1998 1 £; Arkaim 23.VII.1998 3 ¥¥.
Distribution. S Russia, S Ural, Transcaucasia,
Iran, Afghanistan.
Cochylimorpha asiana (Kennel, 1899)
Arkaim 14.VI.1996; Chalk Hills 03.–07.VI.1998; Kidriasovo
28.–29.V.1998; Kuvandyk 15.VI.1998; Verbljushka 30.V.–
02.VI.1998, 10.–12.VI.1998. Locally abundant.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from NE Africa
and SE Europe to C Asia, Mongolia and Tuva.
98 Nupponen et al. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12
Remarks. C. asiana is externally a very vari-
able species. However, we recorded two differ-
ent forms of the species in the same locality
(Verbljushka 30.V.–02.VI.1998), one paler form
with dark, distinct pattern on the forewings
(Fig. 2), and another with narrower, apically more
elongate forewings having darker brown ground
colour and more indistinct pattern (Fig. 3). C.
asiana might contain two different species, but
the genitalia of the two forms are very close to
each other. The existing material should be ex-
amined more carefully. The revision of the asiana-
cultana complex may solve the problem (see also
Remark of C. cultana below).
Cochylimorpha cultana (Lederer, 1855)
Chalk Hills 03.VI.1998 1 ¥, 05.VI.1998 1 ¥, 03.–07.VI.1998
1 ¥.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from NW Africa
and SW Europe to Altai, Tuva and China.
Remark. Both C. asiana and C. cultana are
very variable species, and this group might be a
species-complex.
Cochylimorpha elongana (Fischer v. Röslerstamm,
1839)
Arkaim 14.–19.VI.1996 2 exx.; Kizilskoye 27.V.1998 1 £,
1 ¥.
Distribution. SW and C Europe, Asia Minor,
S Ural.
Cochylimorpha meridiana (Staudinger, 1859)
Ajat river 04.VII.1997; Arkaim 14.VI.1996, 23.VII.1998;
Bishtiryak 13.VII.1998; Burannoe 20.VI.1999, 30.VII.2000;
Chalk Hills 18.VII.1998, 21.–23.VI.1999, 31.VII.2000,
30.VIII.2000; Kuvandyk 19.–21.VII.1998; Moskovo
10.VII.1997, 11.–12.VII.1998; Verbljushka 29.VII.2000.
Common.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from SW Europe
to C Asia.
Cochylimorpha nodulana (Möschler, 1862)
Ajat river 03.–04.VII.1997, 24.VII.1998; Arkaim 08.–
09.VII.1997, 23.VII.1998; Burannoe 20.VI.1999, 30.VII.2000;
Chalk Hills 30.–31.VIII.2000; Shkunovka 01.IX.2000;
Verbljushka 29.VII.2000. A total of 16 ££, 2 ¥¥. Widely
distributed but very rare.
Distribution. S Russia, S Ural, Transcaucasia,
C Asia, Mongolia, Tuva.
Remark. The female is smaller (wingspan
15.5–16.5 mm) than male and probably it does
not fly much.
Cochylimorpha blandana (Eversmann, 1844)
Ajat river 03.VII.1997 1 £, 24.VII.1998 1 £, 1 ¥.
Distribution. S Ural, S Ukraine, Libanon.
Remarks. The species has been described from
S Ural. The female is smaller (wingspan 14 mm)
than male and probably it does not fly much.
Cochylimorpha perturbatana (Kennel, 1900)
Ajat river 03.–04.VII.1997, 24.VII.1998. A total of 10 exx.
Distribution. S Ukraine, S Russia, S Ural,
Kazakhstan, C Asia, Tuva.
Remark. The species has been described from
S Ural.
Cochylimorpha fucatana (Snellen, 1883)
Arkaim 14.–18.VI.1996; Chalk Hills 07.VI.1998; Kizilskoye
27.V.1998; Kuvandyk 15.VI.1998; Verbljushka 30.V.–
02.VI.1998, 10.–12.VI.1998. A total of about 25 exx.
Distribution. E Palaearctic; from S Ural to
Russian Far East, C Asia, Mongolia.
Cochylimorpha woliniana (Schleich, 1868)
Ajat river 03.–04.VII.1997; Arkaim 14.–18.VI.1996;
Fig. 2.
Cochylimorpha asiana
(Kennel), pale form
with distinct pattern on the forewing.
99ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12 • The cochylid fauna of the Southern Ural Mountains
Burannoe 20.VI.1999; Chalk Hills 03.–07.VI.1998, 21.–
22.VI.1999; Kuvandyk 13.–15.VI.1998; Miass 27.VI.1997;
Novoiletzk 09.VI.1998; Sakmara river 20.–21.VI.1996;
Verbljushka 30.V.1998, 18.VI.1999. Common.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from W Europe
to Mongolia.
Cochylimorpha subwoliniana (Danilewski,
1962)
Arkaim 14.–15.VI.1996 2 ££; Chalk Hills 03.VI.1998 3
exx.; Kidriasovo 28.–29.V.1998 5 ££; Kuvandyk
15.VI.1998 1 £; Verbljushka 31.V.1998 5 exx., 02.VI.1998
7 exx.
Distribution. C Asia.
Remarks. A poorly known species. Occurs in
hot, calcareous steppe slopes. New to Europe.
Cochylimorpha hedemanniana (Snellen, 1883)
Kidriasovo 28.–29.V.1998 1 £; Sakmara river 20.–21.VI.1996
6 ££.
Distribution. E Siberia, Amur, China.
Remark. New to Europe.
Cochylimorpha discolorana (Kennel, 1899)
Verbljushka 30.V.1998 6 exx, 01.VI.1998 1 ex., 02.VI.1998
1 ex., 30.V.–02.VI.1998 10 ££, 3 ¥¥; Chalk Hills
04.VI.1998 1 ex.; Kuvandyk 13.VI.1998 1 ex.; Novoiletzk
08.VI.1998 1 £.
Distribution. Widely distributed in the south,
from SE- and E Europe to C Asia and Tuva.
Remark. This species has been recorded from
the European part of S Russia (Razowski 1970),
but it is absent in the new list of the European
cochylids (Razowski 1996).
Cochylimorpha fuscimacula (Falkovitch, 1963)
Shkunovka 01.IX.2000 1 £.
Distribution. S Russia, Turkestan, E Kazakhstan.
Cochylimorpha discopunctana (Eversmann,
1844)
Arkaim 22.VII.1998 1 ex., 23.VII.1998 3 ££; Kizilskoye
26.VII.2000 26 exx.; Verbljushka 29.VII.2000 1 ¥.
Distribution. Portugal, Romania, S Russia, S
Ural, Transcaspia (Kirgisensteppe), Mongolia.
Cochylimorpha obliquana (Eversmann, 1844)
Ajat river 03.–04.VII.1997; Arkaim 14.–16.VI.1996;
Burannoe 20.VI.1999, 30.VII.2000, 29.VIII.2000; Chalk
Hills 03.–07.VI.1998, 23.VI.1999; Kizilskoye 27.V.1998.
A total of about 30 exx.
Distribution. Eastern C Europe, S Russia, N
Caucasus, S Ural, Tuva.
Remark. The species has been described from
S Ural.
Cochylimorpha ignicolorana Junnilainen & K.
Nupponen sp. n.
Type material. Holotype: £ (Fig. 4): Russia,
southern Urals, Orenburg oblast, 51°23´N
56°49´E, 200 m, Donskoje village 6 km W, Mount
Verbljushka, 11.VI.1998, T. & K. Nupponen leg.
Genitalia slide: K. Nupponen prep. no. 6/
03.I.1999. In coll. T. & K. Nupponen. Paratypes
(11 ££, 1 ¥): Same data as holotype, except for
Fig. 3.
Cochylimorpha asiana
(Kennel), brown form
with narrow forewings and indistinct pattern.
Fig. 4. Imago (male, holotype) of
Cochylimorpha
ignicolorana
Junnilainen & K. Nupponen sp. n.
100 Nupponen et al. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12
dates: 1 £ 12.VI.1998; 1 £ 17.VI.1999. Same lo-
cality as holotype: 1 £ 14.VII.1998, K. Nupponen
leg.; 1 ¥ 10.–12.VI.1998, J. Junnilainen leg.
(Fig. 5). Russia, southern Urals, Cheliabinsk
oblast, 53°57´N 59°03´E, 650 m, near Moskovo
village, 3 ££ 11.VII.1998, 1 £ 12.VII.1998, K.
Nupponen leg. Same locality as previous paratype:
1 £ 22.VI.1996, K. Nupponen, J.-P. Kaitila, J.
Junnilainen & M. Ahola leg.; 2 ££ 10.VII.1997,
K. Nupponen & J. Junnilainen leg.; 1 £ 18.VI.1998,
J. Junnilainen leg. Genitalia slides: J. Junnilainen
prep. no. 98032501 (£), 99021806 (¥). One fur-
ther genitalia preparation preserved in glycerol.
Paratypes in the collections of T. & K. Nupponen,
J. Junnilainen and J.-P. Kaitila. The type material
can be loaned by request through the Finnish
Museum of Natural History, University of Hel-
sinki or directly from the authors.
Diagnosis. C. ignicolorana Junnilainen & K.
Nupponen sp. n. belongs to the jucundana-group
of Cochylimorpha, which includes four species:
C. jucundana (Treitschke, 1835), C. pyramidana
(Staudinger, 1870), C. emiliana (Kennel, 1919)
and C. obliquana (Eversmann, 1844). The typi-
cal characteristic for this group is a bifurcate
aedeagus without cornuti. Externally C. igni-
colorana is easy to separate from close relatives
by its unicoloured, silky white hindwings (in male)
and the reddish brown coloration of the forewings.
In the male genitalia, the robust portion of the
bifurcate aedeagus is very long, about 1.7¥ length
of the thin portion, while the length ratio of these
portions is between 1–1.2 in the other species of
the jucundana-group; the rectangular distal ex-
tension of sacculus is also a good characteristic
for the new taxon. The female genitalia are close
to those of C. pyramidana, but differ from the
latter by longer and narrower ductus bursae and
broader sterigma.
Description. Wingspan 11–14.5 mm. Head, col-
lar, tegula, neck tuft and thorax reddish brown, more
or less mixed with whitish yellow scales. Labial
palp: length 2¥ diameter of eye, broadest at mid-
dle, segment III short; outer surface reddish brown,
otherwise whitish yellow. Antenna ciliate, scape
and flagellum pale reddish brown. Legs greyish
white, except upper surface of forelegs and midlegs
pale reddish brown. Abdomen pale grey, ventrally
and terminally paler. Forewing moderately narrow,
apex more or less pointed; ground colour pale yel-
low; oblique dark reddish brown band from 1/3 of
dorsal margin over midwing, then angled 30°, cos-
tal 1/3 of band paler and more indistinct, continues
perpendicularly to costa at 0.5; subterminal area
suffused with reddish brown; same colour occurs
at basal area around veins and at costa, as well as at
tornus forming more or less indistinct tornal spot;
three dark reddish brown costal spots at 0.8, 0.9
and at apex; very small but distinct, dark brown
discal spot at 0.7; cilia line distinct, reddish brown;
fringe reddish brown, basally paler. Hindwing in
male silky white, much paler than forewing; in fe-
male fuscous, cilia line distinct, fringe white.
Male genitalia (Figs. 6–7). Socii moderately
small, apex rounded. Medial portion of transtilla
Fig. 6. Male genitalia (without aedeagus) of
Cochylimorpha ignicolorana
Junnilainen & K.
Nupponen sp. n. (holotype).
Fig. 5. Imago (female, paratype) of
Cochylimorpha
ignicolorana
Junnilainen & K. Nupponen sp. n.
101ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12 • The cochylid fauna of the Southern Ural Mountains
large, subquadrangular, distal margin concave.
Juxta broad, quadrangular, posterior margin me-
dially incised. Vinculum broad and rounded.
Valva broad, distal half tapered, apex rounded.
Sacculus 0.5¥ length of valva, robust but narrow,
distal 1/5 rectangularly extended. Aedeagus bi-
furcate; robust portion long and bent, tapered to-
wards apex, distal half with minute spines; thin
portion 0.6¥ length of robust one, basally curved
80°, distal 4/5 straight; coecum penis broad and
rounded, length of caulis equals to diameter of
coecum penis.
Female genitalia (Fig. 8). Papillae anales mod-
erately broad, subtriangular. Apophyses posteri-
ors and apophyses anteriores of equal length.
Antrum weakly sclerotized. Sterigma broad, pos-
terior margin convex. Ductus bursae narrow, 0.4¥
length of corpus bursae. Corpus bursae longish,
anteriorly with weak sclerite; at middle about 20
minute spines.
Bionomy. The specimens were collected by
artificial light on warm southern steppe slopes.
The flight period is from the first third of June to
the second half of July. The biology is unknown.
Distribution. Russia (S Ural). The species is
known from two different places, both of them
located in the headland region of the Ural Moun-
tains (see also Remarks).
Etymology. Lat. ignis = fire; color = colour.
From the coloration of the forewings of the moth.
Remarks. Systematically C. ignicolorana
Junnilainen & K. Nupponen sp. n. should be placed
near C. pyramidana, its closest relative. One doubt-
ful specimen collected from former Yugoslavia
might be the same taxon as ignicolorana (J.
Razowski pers. comm.). However, the abdomen
of that specimen has been lost and therefore it is
impossible to confirm its determination.
Fig. 7. Aedeagus of
Cochylimorpha ignicolor-
ana
Junnilainen & K.
Nupponen sp. n. (holo-
type).
Fig. 8. Female genitalia of
Cochylimorpha ignicolorana
Junnilainen & K. Nupponen sp. n. (paratype).
102 Nupponen et al. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12
Cochylimorpha pyramidana (Staudinger, 1871)
Ajat river 03.–04.VII.1997, 24.–25.VII.1998. About 20 exx.
Distribution. S Russia, S Ural, S Caucasus, W
Kazakhstan, Tuva.
Cochylimorpha clathrana (Staudinger, 1871)
Verbljushka 30.–31.V.1998 about 60 exx.
Distribution. S Ural, S Russia.
Cochylimorpha clathratana (Staudinger, 1880)
Burannoe 30.VII.2000; Chalk Hills 03.–07.VI.1998,
31.VIII.2000; Kidriasovo 28.–29.V.1998; Moskovo
26.V.1998; Verbljushka 30.V.–02.VI.1998, 10.–
12.VI.1998, 15.VII.1998, 13.–14.V.1999, 27.–29.VII.2000,
27.28.VIII.2000. A total of about 35 exx. Not rare in dry
steppe habitats.
Distribution. S Ural.
Remark. The species has been described
from S Ural.
Cochylimorpha alternana (Stephens, 1834)
Ajat river 24.VII.1998; Burannoe 29.VIII.2000; Chalk Hills
22.VI.1999, 31.VIII.2000; Kuvandyk 13.–15.VI.1998, 19.–
21.VII.1998; Novoiletzk 09.VI.1998. A total of 11 exx.
Distribution. NE Africa, Asia Minor, Europe
eastward to S Ural.
Phalonidia manniana (Fischer v. Röslerstamm,
1839)
Kuvandyk 15.VI.1998 2 ££.
Distribution. Transpalaearctic.
Phalonidia affinitana (Douglas, 1846)
Ajat river 04.VII.1997, 25.VII.1998. 4 exx.; Berlin
01.VII.1997 1 ¥.
Distribution. C and S Europe, S Russia, Cau-
casus.
Phalonidia latifasciana Razowski, 1970
Moskovo 10.VII.1997 1 ¥.
Distribution. S Siberia (Kemerowskaja oblast).
Remarks. The specimen was collected by
artificial light. The habitat was a steppe slope with
large wet meadows in the nearest lowland. New
to Europe.
Phalonidia albipalpana (Zeller, 1847)
Ajat river 03.VII.1997 1 £; Chalk Hills 03.VI.1998 1 £,
05.VI.1998 1 £, 07.VI.1998 1 £, 03.–07.VI.1998 1 £, 1 ¥;
Burannoe 30.VII.2000 5 exx.; Kuvandyk 13.–15.VI.1998
1 ex.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from SW Europe
to C Asia.
Phalonidia contractana (Zeller, 1847)
Ajat river 03.–04.VII.1997, 24.–25.VII.1998, 04.–05.IX.2000;
Burannoe 30.VII.2000, 29.VIII.2000; Chalk Hills 17.–
18.VII.1998, 21.–22.VI. 1999, 31.VII.2000, 30.–31.VIII.2000;
Kuvandyk 02.VIII.2000, 02.IX.2000; Sakmara river 20.–
21.VI.1996; Verbljushka 14.–16.VII.1998, 18.VI.1999.
Common.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from SW Europe
to C Asia.
Remark. This species has been recorded
from the European part of S Russia (Razowski
1970) but the record has not been mentioned in
the new list of the European cochylids (Razowski
1996).
Gynnidomorpha vectisana (Humphreys &
Westwood, 1845)
Verbljushka 10.–12.VI.1998 1 £.
Distribution. Europe eastward to S Ural.
Gynnidomorpha minimana (Caradja, 1916)
Berlin 30.VI.1997 6 exx.
Distribution. Transpalaearctic.
Gynnidomorpha alismana (Ragonot, 1883)
Ajat river 03.–04.VII.1997, 05.IX.2000; Arkaim
23.VII.1998; Berlin 30.VI.–02.VII.1997; Burannoe
30.VII.2000; Shkunovka 01.IX.2000. Locally rather com-
mon.
103ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12 • The cochylid fauna of the Southern Ural Mountains
Distribution. Europe eastward to S Ural.
Remark. According to the new list of the Euro-
pean cochylids (Razowski 1996), this taxon has not
been recorded from the European part of Russia.
Agapeta hamana (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ajat river 24.–25.VII.1998; Arkaim 14.–19.VI.1996,
23.VII.1998; Chalk Hills 03.–07.VI.1998; Ekaterinburg
Biol.St. 21.VI.1998; Kuvandyk 15.VI.1998; Kuvandyk 2
16.VI.1998; Miass 26.VI.1997; Moskovo 22.VI.1996,
10.VII.1997; Uchaly 25.VII.2000; Verbljushka 10.VI.1998.
Common.
Distribution. Europe eastward to S Ural; Asia
Minor.
Agapeta zoegana (Linnaeus, 1767)
Ajat river 24.VII.1998 1 £; Chalk Hills 21.VI.1999 1 £.
Distribution. Europe eastward to S Ural; Asia
Minor.
Ceratoxanthis externana (Eversmann, 1844)
Bajmak 17.VI.1998; Burannoe 20.VI.1999; Chalk Hills
07.VI.1998, 22.VI.1999; Kuvandyk 13.–16.VI.1998;
Kuvandyk 2 16.VI.1998; Moskovo 10.VII.1997; Novoiletzk
08.VI.1998; Verbljushka 30.V.1998, 10.–12.VI.1998, 17.–
18.VI.1999; Zirgan 24.VI.1999. A total of about 80 exx.
Distribution. S Ural, Transcaucasia, Turkestan.
Remarks. The species occurs in steppe habi-
tats, preferably close to wet meadows. The moth
is active at dusk and later it comes to artificial
light. Only two females were recorded (Novoiletzk
08.VI.1998 and Kuvandyk 2 16.VI.1998). The
species has been described from S Ural.
Eugnosta lathoniana (Hübner, 1800)
Ajat river 03.VII.1997, 04.IX.2000; Arkaim 15.–19.VI.1996,
08.VII.1997, 23.VII.1998; Bishtiryak 13.VII.1998;
Burannoe 29.VIII.2000; Chalk Hills 03.–07.VI.1998,
22.VI.1999, 17.–18.VII.1998, 30.VIII.2000; Kizilskoye
26.VII.2000; Kuvandyk 13.–15.VI.1998, 19.–20.VII.1998;
Novoiletzk 09.VI.1998; Shkunovka 01.IX.2000; Verbljushka
30.V.–02.VI.1998, 10.–12.VI.1998, 14.VII.1998, 17.–
18.VI.1999, 27.–29.VII.2000. Rather common.
Distribution. N Africa, S Europe, Asia Minor,
Caucasus, S Russia, S Ural.
Remark. This species has been recorded from
the European part of S Russia (Razowski 1970)
but the record has not been mentioned in the new
list of the European cochylids (Razowski 1996).
Eugnosta hydrargyrana (Eversmann, 1842)
Arkaim 14.–18.VI.1996, 23.VII.1998; Chalk Hills 04.–
07.VI.1998, 17.VII.1998, 22.VI.1999, 31.VII.–01.VIII.2000,
30.VIII.2000; Kuvandyk 19.VII.1998; Verbljushka
29.VII.2000. Rather rare, about 30 exx. were recorded.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from eastern C
Europe to C Asia, Mongolia and Altai.
Remark. The species has been described from
S Ural.
Eugnosta magnificana (Rebel, 1914)
Ajat river 03.–05.VII.1997, 25.VII.1998; Bajmak 17.VI.1998;
Chalk Hills 31.VII.–01.VIII.2000, 30.–31.VIII.2000;
Kuvandyk 20.VII.1998, 02.IX.2000; Moskovo 22.VI.1996,
10.VII.1997, 18.VI.1998, 11.–12.VII.1998; Verbljushka
29.VII.2000, 27.–28.VIII.2000. Widely distributed and lo-
cally common.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from S Europe
to C Asia.
Eupoecilia angustana (Hübner, 1799)
Berlin 30.VI.–01.VII.1997; Kuvandyk 13.–15.VI.1998;
Miass 28.VI.1996, 19.VI.1998; Moskovo 10.VII.1997;
Verbljushka 12.VI.1998. Common.
Distribution. Transpalaearctic.
Eupoecilia ambiguella (Hübner, 1796)
Miass 15.–28.VI.1999 1 £.
Distribution. Transpalaearctic.
Eupoecilia sanguisorbana (Herrich-Schäffer,
1856)
Arkaim 09.VII.1997, 22.–23.VII.1998; Burannoe 30.VII.2000;
Ekaterinburg 28.VII.1998; Miass 28.–29.VI.1997, 1999;
Moskovo 10.VII.1997, 04.VIII.2000; Sanarskii bor
26.VII.1998; Tavatui 29.VII.1998; Uchaly 25.VII.2000.
Rather common.
Distribution. From C Europe to S Ural.
104 Nupponen et al. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12
Aethes hartmanniana (Clerck, 1758)
Arkaim 19.VI.1996, 07.–09.VII.1997; Berlin 30.VI.–
02.VII.1997; Kuvandyk 15.VI.1998; Miass 29.VI.1997;
Verbljushka 01.–02.VI.1998, 10.–12.VI.1998, 12.–13.V.1999.
Locally not rare.
Distribution. From W Europe to S Ural; Asia
Minor, Caucasus.
Aethes margarotana (Duponchel, 1836)
Arkaim 18.VI.1996 1 £; Berlin 30.VI.1997 1 ¥; Kizilskoye
28.V.1998 1 £; Kuvandyk 15.VI.1998 1 £,13.–15.VI.1998
1 £.
Distribution. C and S Europe, N Africa, Asia
Minor, Transcaucasia, S Ural.
Remark. According to the new list of the Eu-
ropean cochylids (Razowski 1996), this taxon has
not been recorded from the European part of Rus-
sia.
Aethes moribundana (Staudinger, 1859)
Ajat river 04.VII.1997; Arkaim 07.–09.VII.1997, 23.VII.1998;
Berlin 30.VI.1997; Kidriasovo 28.–29.V.1998; Kizilskoye
27.V.1998; Kuvandyk 16.VI.1998; Miass 26.–27.VI.1997,
15.VII.1997, 25.V.1998, 29.VI.1999; Moskovo 26.V.1998,
10.VII.1997, 12.VII.1998; Uchaly 25.VII.2000. Common.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from SW Europe
and N Africa to C Asia, Mongolia and Tuva.
Aethes caucasica (Amsel, 1959)
Chalk Hills 04.–05.VI.1998, 17.–18.VII.1998, 21.–
23.VI.1999; Kuvandyk 19.–20.VII.1998; Verbljushka
30.V.–02.VI.1998, 10.VI.1998. A total of about 30 exx.
Distribution. S Ural, Caucasus, Italy.
Remarks. Rare and local, occurs in calcareous
steppe slopes. The flight period is from early June
to the end of July, and the moth is more frequent
in July. There are three females in our material
(Verbljushka 10.–12.VI.1998 1 ex. and Chalk
Hills 17.VII.1998 2 exx.). The hindwings of fe-
male are unicoloured, fuscous, darker than in male.
Aethes margaritifera Falkovitch, 1963
Chalk Hills 03.VI.1998 2 exx., 04.VI.1998 1 ex., 05.VI.1998
1 ex., 07.VI.1998 2 exx., 03.–07.VI.1998 6 ££, 4 ¥¥;
Kidriasovo 28.V.1998 5 exx., 29.V.1998 2 exx., 28.–
29.V.1998 1 £; Novoiletzk 09.VI.1998 8 exx.; Verbljushka
30.V.1998 3 exx., 30.V.–02.VI.1998 5 ¥¥.
Distribution. S Ural, S Russia, Transcaucasia,
C Asia.
Remark. Very rare, occurs in different kinds
of steppe habitats.
Aethes margaritana (Haworth, 1811)
Ajat river 03.–04.VII.1997; Arkaim 07.–09.VII.1997, 22.–
23.VII.1998; Berlin 30.VI.1997; Chalk Hills 04.–07.VI.1998,
17.VII.1998; Kidriasovo 28.V.1998; Kuvandyk 13.–
15.VI.1998, 19.VII.1998; Miass 29.VI.1999; Moskovo
18.VI.1998; Sakmara river 20.–21.VI.1996. Common.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from W Europe
to C Asia.
Aethes triangulana (Treitschke, 1835)
Arkaim 14.–19.VI.1996; Moskovo 22.VI.1996; Verbljushka
10.–12.VI.1998. Locally not rare.
Distribution. Transpalaearctic.
Aethes smeathmanniana (Fabricius, 1781)
Arkaim 08.VII.1997 1 £; Miass 15.VII.1997 1 £,19.VI.1998
1 £.
Distribution. Holarctic.
Aethes tesserana (Denis & Schiffermüller,
1775)
Arkaim 14.–19.VI.1996 1 ex.; Berlin 01.VII.1997 1 ex.;
Verbljushka 17.–19.VI.1999 3 exx.
Distribution. Europe eastward to Ural; Asia
Minor.
Remark. This species has been recorded
from the European part of S Russia (Razowski
1970) but the record has not been mentioned in
the new list of the European cochylids (Razowski
1996).
Aethes dilucidana (Stephens, 1852)
Arkaim 14.–19.VI.1996; Bajmak 17.VI.1998; Chalk Hills
04.VI.1998, 30.–31.VIII.2000; Novoiletzk 08.VI.1998. A
105ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12 • The cochylid fauna of the Southern Ural Mountains
total of 10 exx.
Distribution. W Palaearctic.
Remark. The species has two generations in
the south (c.f. Razowski 1970, p. 347).
Aethes flagellana (Duponchel, 1836)
Bishtiryak 13.VII.1998 1 ¥; Moskovo 22.VI.1996 1 ¥,
10.VII.1997 4 ££, 2 ¥¥, 18.VI.1998 1 £.
Distribution. N Africa, S Europe, Asia Minor,
Iran, W Turkestan, S Ural.
Aethes francillana (Fabricius, 1794)
Ajat river 04.VII.1997, 24.VII.1998; Berlin 30.VI.1997;
Kuvandyk 20.VII.1998; Miass 26.VI.1996; Moskovo
10.VII.1997, 11.VII.1998; Sakmara river 20.VI.1996;
Verbljushka 12.VI.1998, 15.VII.1998. A total of 14 exx.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from NW Africa,
SW and C Europe to C Asia.
Aethes bilbaensis (Rössler, 1877)
Ajat river 24.VII.1998; Chalk Hills 04.–07.VI.1998, 17.–
18.VII.1998, 31.VIII.2000; Kidriasovo 29.V.1998; Novo-
iletzk 08.VI.1998; Shkunovka 01.IX.2000; Verbljushka
30.V.–02.VI.1998, 14.VII.1998, 27.VII.2000. Common.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from NW Africa
SW Europe to C Asia.
Aethes fennicana (M. Hering, 1924)
Ajat river 03.VII.1997 1 £, 24.VII.1998 1 ¥; Miass
28.VI.1997 2 ££.
Distribution. C and N Europe, S Ural.
Remark. According to the new list of the Eu-
ropean cochylids (Razowski 1996), this taxon has
not been recorded from the European part of Rus-
sia.
Aethes cnicana (Westwood, 1854)
Ajat river 03.–04.VII.1997, 24.VII.1998; Arkaim 14.–
19.VI.1996, 23.VII.1998; Ekaterinburg biol. stat. 21.VI.1998;
Ekaterinburg city 27.VII.1998; Sakmara river 20.–21.VI.1996;
Tavatui 28.VII.1998. Rather common.
Distribution. From C Europe to S Ural.
Aethes hoenei Razowski, 1964
Ajat river 24.VII.1998 3 ¥¥, 25.VII.1998 1 ¥.
Distribution. China.
Remark. New to Europe and Russia.
Aethes xanthina Falkovitch, 1963
Chalk Hills 04.VI.1998 1 £, 07.VI.1998 1 ¥; Novoiletzk
09.VI.1998 2 ££; Verbljushka 30.V.–02.VI.1998 1 £.
Distribution. Iran, Turkmenia.
Remark. New to Europe and Russia.
Aethes prangana (Kennel, 1900)
Chalk Hills 03.VI.1998 1 ¥.
Distribution. Caucasus, Armenia, N Iran.
Remark. New to Europe and Russia.
Aethes kindermanniana (Treitschke, 1830)
Ajat river 03.–04.VII.1997; Arkaim 23.VII.1998; Bishtiryak
13.VII.1998; Chalk Hills 30.–31.VIII.2000; Kuvandyk
19.VII.1998; Shkunovka 01.IX.2000; Verbljushka
15.VII.1998. Rather common.
Distribution. From W Europe to S Ural; Asia
Minor.
Cochylidia moguntiana (Rössler, 1864)
Ajat river 04.VII.1997 1 £, 05.VII.1997 2 ££; Arkaim
09.VII.1997 1 £; Moskovo 10.VII.1997 1 £.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from W Europe
to C Asia, China and Tuva.
Cochylidia heydeniana (Herrich-Schäffer,
1851)
Ekaterinburg biol. st. 21.VI.1998; Kuvandyk 13.VI.1998,
19.–21.VII.1998; Kosmokovo 19.VI.2000. A total of 7 exx.
Distribution. From W Europe to S Ural;
Syria.
Cochylidia implicitana (Wocke, 1856)
Ajat river 05.VII.1997 1 £; Berlin 01.VII.1997 1 £; Miass
106 Nupponen et al. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12
25.V.1998 1 £; Uchaly 25.VII.2000 1 £; Verbljushka
13.V.1999 1 ¥.
Distribution. W Palaearctic.
Cochylis nana (Haworth, 1811)
Arkaim 14.–19.VI.1996 1 ex.; Iremel 25.VI.1996 1 £;
Kidriasovo 28.–29.V.1998 1 ex.; Miass 19.VI.1998 few
exx., 29.VI.1999 1 ex.
Distribution. Holarctic.
Cochylis roseana (Haworth, 1811)
Kuvandyk 02.IX.2000 1 ¥.
Distribution. C and S Europe, S Ural, Asia
Minor, Iran.
Cochylis hybridella (Hübner, 1813)
Ajat river 04.VII.1997, 24.–25.VII.1998; Arkaim 07.–
09.VII.1997, 23.VII.1998; Moskovo 10.VII.1997. A total
of 11 exx.
Distribution. Transpalaearctic.
Cochylis dubitana (Hübner, 1799)
Miass 29.VI.1999 1 ex.; Uchaly 25.VII.2000 4 ££.
Distribution. Holarctic.
Cochylis atricapitana (Stephens, 1852)
Ajat river 03.–05.VII.1997; Chalk Hills 03.–06.VI.1998,
17.–18.VII.1998, 22.VI.1999; Kuvandyk 13.–15.VI.1998,
19.VII.1998; Verbljushka 10.–12.VI.1998. Rather rare.
Distribution. From N Africa and W Europe to
Ural.
Cochylis pallidana Zeller, 1847
Miass 27.–29.VI.1997 4 exx.
Distribution. Europe, S Russia, Asia Minor.
Cochylis posterana Zeller, 1847
Ajat river 04.–05.VII.1997, 04.–05.IX.2000; Arkaim 15.–
18.VI.1996; Bajmak 17.VI.1998; Burannoe 29.VIII.2000;
Chalk Hills 03.–07.VI.1998, 31.VII.2000, 31.VIII.2000;
Kizilskoye 27.V.1998, 26.VII.2000; Moskovo 26.V.1998,
18.VI.1998; Shkunovka 01.IX.2000; Uchaly 25.VII.2000;
Verbljushka 30.–31.V.1998, 10.–12.VI.1998, 14.VII.1998,
29.VII.2000. Common.
Distribution. From W Europe to Ural and N
Iran; N Africa.
Cochylis defessana (Mann, 1861)
Chalk Hills 05.VI.1998 1 ex., 06.VI.1998 1 ex., 07.VI.1998
1 ex., 17.VII.1998 1 ex.; Burannoe 30.VII.2000 1 ¥.
Distribution. SE Europe, Asia Minor, S Rus-
sia, N Iran, Transcaspia.
Falseuncaria degreyana (McLachlan, 1869)
Ajat river 03.VII.1997, 04.IX.2000; Arkaim 14.–19.VI.1996,
07.–09.VII.1997, 23.VII.1997; Bajmak 17.VI.1998;
Bishtiryak 13.VII.1998; Chalk Hills 06.–07.VI.1998,
17.VII.1998, 21.–22.VI.1999, 31.VII.2000, 30.–31.VIII.2000;
Kidriasovo 28.–29.V.1998; Kizilskoye 27.V.1998,
03.IX.2000; Kuvandyk 13.–16.VI.1998, 19.–21.VII.1998,
02.IX.2000; Miass 25.V.1998, 19.VI.1998; Moskovo
10.VII.1997, 26.V.1998; Novoiletzk 08.–09.VI.1998;
Shkunovka 01.IX.2000; Uchaly 25.VII.2000; Verbljushka
30.V.–02.VI.1998, 17.VI.1999. Common.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from W Europe
to C Asia.
Remark. Occurs everywhere in steppe habi-
tats, often abundant.
Falseuncaria ruficiliana (Haworth, 1811)
Miass 1.–16.VII.1999 1 £; Verbljushka 30.V.–02.VI.1998
1 £.
Distribution. W Palaearctic; from W Europe
to C Asia.
4. Discussion
The cochylid fauna is very rich in the region stud-
ied. However, many of the species are very lo-
cally distributed and difficult to record during a
few expeditions. On the other hand, new collect-
ing methods such as effective light catching has
enabled the collecting of night-active moths that
were not easily observed in the past. Razowski
107ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12 • The cochylid fauna of the Southern Ural Mountains
(1970) reports 7 species from S Ural (Uralsk),
which we have not recorded: Phtheochroa exas-
perantana (Christoph, 1872), P. farinosana
(Herrich-Schäffer, 1856), Cochylimorpha straminea
(Haworth, 1811), Phalonidia curvistrigana (Stain-
ton, 1859), Gynnidomorpha permixtana (Denis
& Schiffermüller, 1775), Ceratoxanthis argento-
mixtana (Staudinger, 1870) and Aethes nefandana
(Kennel, 1899). To date, altogether 85 species of
cochylids are known in the southern Ural region.
Several additional species occur in lower Volga
region and some of them might be possible to find
also in the Urals.
Seven species were recorded for the first time
from Europe. Two of them — C. hedemanniana
and P. latifasciana — are southern Siberian spe-
cies, probably having the western border of their
distribution range in the Urals. Four species — P.
decipiens, C. subwoliniana, A. xanthina and A.
prangana — are southern/southeastern species
and their range just reaches the southernmost part
of the Urals in the north. A. hoenei is a poorly
known species. Our record from southern Ural is
surprising, because the taxon was previously
known only from central China. Four species are
also new to Russia: P. decipiens, A. hoenei, A.
xanthina and A. prangana. C. ignicolorana
Junnilainen & K. Nupponen sp. n. might be en-
demic to the southern Ural Mountains (see Re-
marks of ignicolorana above).
Many cochylid species occur in various kinds
of steppe types in the Urals, and in many cases it
is impossible to connect a species with any specific
habitat. In several species the larva feeds on Ar-
temisia spp., which are dominant plants every-
where in steppe regions. A few species are re-
stricted to chalk slopes and/or they use some rare
host plant (e.g. Phtheochroa krulikovskii, Cochyli-
morpha chlatrana and Aethes caucasica). Many
species prefer rocky slopes where the micro-
climate is very hot (e.g. Cochylimorpha blandana,
C. perturbatana, C. pyramidana and Eugnosta
hydrargyrana). Usually such habitats are not
threatened, because it is difficult to use them for
agricultural purposes. Only a few species prefer
grassy lowland steppes, where Artemisia spp. are
growing in rocky spots only (e.g. Cochylimorpha
discopunctana). Some species have an extremely
long flight period from early spring to late au-
tumn (e.g. Cochylimorpha chlathratana, Eugnosta
lathoniana and Falseuncaria degreyana). Possi-
bly such species have two generations during the
season, although the specimens can be met through
the summer.
Acknowledgements. We thank the following persons for
guide services, assistance, company or other kind of help
during our expeditions: Mr. Matti Ahola (Reisjärvi, Finland),
Mr. Vladimir Basov (Ijevsk, Russia), Mr. Pavel Gorbunov
(Ekaterinburg, Russia), Mr. Jari-Pekka Kaitila (Vantaa, Fin-
land), Mr. S. V. Kornev (Orenburg, Russia), Mr. L. V.
Korshikov (Orenburg, Russia), Dr. Alexander Lagunov
(Miass, Russia), Mr. Alexander Malozemov (Ekaterinburg,
Russia), Mr. Yuri Mikhailov (Novouralsk, Russia), Mrs. Elena
Nupponen (Espoo, Finland). Our thanks are also due to Dr.
Juhani Itämies (Oulu, Finland) and Mr. Marko Mutanen
(Oulu, Finland) for the determination of Aethes hoenei Raz.,
as well as to Dr. Jozef Razowski (Krakow, Poland) for com-
ments of some problematic taxa and to Mr. Kimmo Silvonen
(Espoo, Finland) for his help in processing the photographs
of the moths. Finally, we are grateful to the Lepidopterological
Society of Finland for a partial grant to two expeditions.
References
Eversmann, E. 1844: Fauna Lepidopterologica Volgo —
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rollers (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) of Western Tuva, with
description of Cochylimorpha arenosana sp. n. —
Entomol. Fennica 9: 197–209.
Razowski, J. 1970: Cochylidae. — In: Amsel, H. G., Gregor,
F. & Reisser, H. (eds.), Microlepidoptera Palaearctica
3, Teil I. Wien. 528 pp.
Razowski, J. 1996: Tortricidae, Cochylini. — In: Karsholt,
O. & Razowski, J. (eds.), The Lepidoptera of Europe:
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