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The Earth as a Dynamo
... Zemlja je vodič koji se vrti u vlastitom magnetskom polju i tako u svojoj unutrašnjosti inducira električne struje koje onda stvaraju njeno magnetsko polje. Osnovni princip ove teorije ilustrira analogan primjer modela samopobuđujućeg unipolarnog dinama [6]. Pojednostavljeni model prikazan je na slici 5. Model se sastoji od metalnog diska koji rotira u magnetskom polju usmjerenom usporedno osi rotacije. ...
Using the experience gained from working with teachers and students and the latest achievements in magnetism, we have developed a series of simple experiments using neodymium magnets. Some of the experiments are directly oriented to the curricula of primary and secondary schools, the others serve as a basis for additional teaching and project tasks. Many physical phenomena can be demonstrated in an impressive way, almost like a magic trick. In this way we can arouse the students' interest, and once we have aroused it, they will listen attentively to our explanations. Of course, in addition to the experiment, it is necessary to tell an interesting story. Therefore, in this text, I have described some basic ideas from the history of magnetism and given some basic explanations about the phenomenon of magnetism. Although in this lecture I will present experiments from different areas of physics, this text is primarily devoted to the magnetism of matter, which is not significantly represented in the curriculum.
... Although various other mechanisms for generating the geomagnetic field have been proposed, only the dynamo concept is seriously considered today. Dr. Elsasser more simply described Bullard's "engineering" dynamo, as the Faraday disc to represent the electrical circuit of the Earth's current paths [8]. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology ...
Ampère-Maxwell circuital law is investigated and used to model the Earth as a series of stacked Faraday discs, which create the magnetoqua-sistatic field. A third new equation is constructed that relates gravity to the very near field of the Earth. Naturally occurring low frequency electromagnetic waves are coursing the surface of the Earth and penetrating humans and other nonmagnetic bodies. Similarities of the new equation and Einstein’s general relativity equation are revealed with c4, being prominent. A propagation delay is correlated to the resonant LC circuit of the inner Earth.
... Elsasser was the first to describe and picture the Earth as a Faraday disc: a most basic electric motor. I shall attempt to build on their work, as well as my own, and advance the electrodynamic theory of gravity [1]. ...
In this paper, flux transfer events from the Sun to the Earth are represented as an electrical frequency. The Earth’s inner core is modeled as a motor armature and the mechanical speed is calculated from the frequency of flux transfer events. The speed of the inner core creates a centripetal acceleration at the center of the Earth that is much higher than ever thought possible. The synchronous speed is the speed of the electromagnetic field that orbits or rotates around the Earth. All electrical machines have a rotating electromagnetic field
that establishes the synchronous speed. Gravity is a centripetal acceleration derived from the synchronous speed of the electromagnetic field. The mechanical speed is somewhat less based on slip, which ranges from 1% to 10% for the electrical machine we call Earth. Flux transfer event from the Sun to the Earth is what powers the machine. By adjusting for the altitude distance, from the inner core to the surface of the Earth, a value of 9.806 m/s2 is calculated. The very nature of gravity has been discovered and explained using
electrical equations and classical physics. There are only three forces of nature: electromagnetic, strong nuclear and weak nuclear.
... In 1919, Sir Joseph Larmor suggested that the Sun's magnetic field might be sustained by a mechanism similar to a self-exciting dynamo [20] [21]. Using Larmor papers as a guide, Dr. Walter Elsasser modelled the Earth as a simple Faraday Disc showing toroid and solenoid electrical currents which appeared in the May 1958 issue of Scientific America [22]. ...
By representing the Earth as a rotating spherical antenna several historic and scientific breakthroughs are achieved. Visualizing the Sun as a transmitter and the planets as receivers the solar system can be represented as a long wave radio system operating at Tremendously Low Frequency (TLF). Results again confirm that the "near-field" is Tesla's "dynamic gravity", better known to engineers as dynamic braking or to physicists as centripetal acceleration, or simply (g). Timewave theory is invented, and the relationship of reflected timewaves and time travel explored. A new law of the Sun is proposed as well as the merging of Einstein's equation with acoustics and cosmic superstring theory. A new law of cosmic efficiency is also proposed that equates vibratory force and pressure with volume acceleration of the solar system. Lorentz force is broken down into centripetal and gravitational waves. Ten-dimensional cosmic superstring theory is espoused versus the aging three-dimensional Maxwellian model. Spherical antenna patterns for planets are presented and flux transfer frequency is calculated using distance to planets as wavelengths. The galactic grid operates at a Schumann Resonance of 7.83 Hz, which is derived from the science of dark energy and dark matter. The Sun and the planets are tuned to transmit and receive electrical power like resonating Tesla coils. The Earth's stator winding has been modeled as a toroid tesla coil and the armature as a spherical armature. The equation for everything is born.
... Quotes by Tesla regarding the earth being regarded as an "electric machine" or "solenoid" are noted, but a definitive source is not established by the author. The pivotal article "The Earth as a Dynamo" which first modeled the earth as a Faraday Disc (rotating machine) was published by Scientific American in May 1958 by renowned physicist Dr. Walter M. Elsasser (1904Elsasser ( -1991 [9]. ...
Presented in this manuscript are conventional electrical engineering tools to model the earth as a rotating electrical machine. Calculations using known parameters of the earth and measured field data has resulted in new understanding of the earth’s electrical system and gyroscopic rotation. The material makeup of the inner earth is better understood based on derived permeability and permittivity constants. The planet has been modeled as simple coils and then as a parallel impedance circuit which has led to fundamental insight into planetary speed control and RLC combination for Schumann Resonance of 7.83 Hz. Torque and Voltage Constants and the inverse Speed Constant are calculated using three methods and all compare favorably with Newton’s Gravitational Constant. A helical resonator is referenced and Schumann’s Resonant ideal frequency is calculated and compared with others idealism. A new theory of gravity based on particle velocity selector at the poles is postulated. Two equations are presented as the needed links between Faraday’s electromagnetism and Newtonian physics. Acceleration and Deceleration of earth is explained as a centripetal governor. A new equation for planetary attraction and the attraction of atomic matter is theorized. Rotation of the earth’s electrical coil is explained in terms of the Richardson effect. Electric power transfer from the sun to the planets is proposed via Flux Transfer Events. The impact of this evolving science of electromagnetic modeling of planets will be magnified as the theory is proven, and found to be useful for future generations of engineers and scientists who seek to discover our world and other planets.
... Consider the theory of the generation of the Earth's field. 7 1t is suggested that the Earth's magnetic field is the result of convection currents of the quasi-solid Earth as the whole convects toward the centre and out again. The velocity is incredibly slow but the mass and temperature gradient enormously large A scaled-down version of the Earth, made as a metre-diameter bowl filled with mercury, would have a decay time (the time to cease flowing after circulation was initiated) of I msec. ...
There is much to be gained by studying the techniques and skills of disciplines not apparently related to the user's own field of operations. It may be found that although similar approaches exist, one discipline is more advanced. Sometimes an entirely different approach emerges from such overviews. This article discusses the sinrilarities of measurement, instrumentation and control subjects as applied to geophysical research and exploration. The nature of geophysics is contrasted with its industrial counterparts to promote awareness of common ground.
... Clearly, reversal of polarization could not be due to change of the direction of the magnetic field of the entire planet earth that would be catastrophic. Examination of Fig. 20 suggests that successive generation and evolution of embedded spherical flows with alternating sense of rotation within the ionic plasma of a dynamo such as the planet earth discussed by Elsasser [96] could possibly account for such periodic changes in the direction of polarization. ...
A scale-invariant model of statistical mechanics is described and applied to introduce the invariant Boltzmann equation and the corresponding invariant Enskog equation of change. The invariant modified as well as classical forms of mass, thermal energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum conservation equations are derived. Also, an invariant definition of reaction rate for any scale within the hierarchy of statistical fields is introduced. Following Cauchy, the total stress tensor for fluids Pijβ = piβδijβ - (μiβ/3)∇.viβδijβ is introduced that is consistent with the fact that by definition fluids can only support compressive normal forces. Solutions of modified forms of conservation equations are determination to describe hydro-thermo-diffusive structure of normal shock in pure gas. Also, exact solution of modified form of equation of motion for the problems of laminar and turbulent flow over a flat plate are described and shown to be in close agreement with experimental data in literature. Finally, the solution of the modified Helmholtz vorticity equation for the problem of flow within a droplet located at the stagnation point of opposed cylindricallysymmetric gaseous finite jets is presented.
... Since strained flow fields are common features of turbulent flows, the generation of cascades of cylindrical line vortices at each stagnation point is expected to play an important role in turbulent dissipation process. The application of the results to the classical dynamo problem [13] requires future consideration. ...
The scale-invariant forms of conservation equations in reactive fields are described. The modified form of the Helmholtz vorticity equation is solved to determine laminar flow outside a rigid cylinder and flow inside and outside of a cylindrical liquid body in a uniform gaseous stream or at the stagnation-point of two symmetric gaseous planar counterflow jets. For the former problem, a modified solution for flow around rigid cylinder is presented that resolves the Stokes paradox and is harmonious with the Oseen's classical solution. For the latter problem, parallel to the classical Hill spherical vortex, the solution describing two cylindrical vortex lines is presented. Also, the stream functions representing flow within two concentric immiscible liquid cylinders in uniform or planar counterflow gaseous streams are presented.
Given the absence of a macroscopic Hadean rock record, evaluating terrestrial habitability is largely a thought experiment, but data from Hadean zircons can provide some constraints. We are certain that life as we know it would not be possible without four requirements; soluble bioactive elements (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorous), free energy, liquid water, and time. Beyond these essential ingredients, there is broad agreement that there are ten secondary factors that separate us from the other, uninhabited terrestrial planets and maintain our planet’s homeostasis. They are: (1) a galactic and planetary sanctuary for life; (2) liquid water at the planetary surface to mediate biochemistry and efficiently cool the planet; (3) dissolved water in the deep planetary interior to enhance mantle circulation and catalyze the eclogite transition; (4) a broadly solar chemical composition to provide sufficient metallicity for a stable surface platform; (5) sufficient planetary mass to retain an atmosphere and heat; (6) planetary satellite(s) to stabilize climate zones; (7) extra-planetary impactors to introduce organic building blocks and water and to create satellites; (8) long-term interior heat generation to maintain mantle circulation and the geodynamo; (9) a self-sustaining dynamo to protect the atmosphere is erosion; and (10) a mechanism to recycle surface carbon into the interior and back. Evaluating how these various factors interact is complicated but our speculations can be guided by inferences from Hadean zircon geochemistry which potentially bear on six of the ten ingredients for life—the presence of surface and interior water, the role of impacts on early Earth, internal heat generation, surface recycling, and the existence of a Hadean geodynamo. Knowledge of the geochemistry and inclusion population of Hadean zircons also permits constraints to be placed on whether mineral phases and trace elements key to biopoiesis were present during the Hadean eon.
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