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Three Pieces of the Puzzle: Wide-area Hypermedia, Information Agents and On-line Reference Works
... preserving the structural, interpretational, and evolutionary connections that develop. We are beginning to see the emer-Principle 5: Searching should make use of advanced regence of wide area hypertext systems (Yankelovich, 1990) trieval methods. At the heart of digital library systems like like the WorldWideWeb (WWW), that carry this concept Envision, there must be support for searching, browsing, forward into a distributed environment. ...
Project Envision aims to build a “user-centered database from the computer science literature,” initially using the publications of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). Accordingly, we have interviewed potential users, as well as experts in library, information, and computer science—to understand their needs, to become aware of their perception of existing information systems, and to collect their recommendations. Design and formative usability evaluation of our interface have been based on those interviews, leading to innovative query formulation and search results screens that work well according to our usability testing. Our development of the Envision database, system software, and protocol for client-server communication builds upon work to identify and represent “objects” that will facilitate reuse and high-level communication of information from author to reader (user). All these efforts are leading not only to a usable prototype digital library but also to a set of nine principles for digital libraries, which we have tried to follow, covering issues of representation, architecture, and interfacing. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Communicating via electronic networks is presented as a unique form of discourse that exists on a continuum between the context‐dependent interaction of oral conversation and the contextually abstracted composition of written text. Electronic networks provide unique opportunities for studying communication, language comprehension, and the effects of feedback on composition. In an attempt to encourage researchers from many disciplines to study electronic discourse and its impact on scholarly communication, relevant research in the fields of cognitive psychology, composition theory, computer science, and information science is reviewed. Because many questions about the ramifications of using electronic discourse as a primary form of scholarly communication remain unanswered, directions for new research are proposed.
Despite a variety of problems, electronic publishing on BITNET, Internet, and other networks is experiencing vigorous growth as scholars experiment with FTP archives, list servers, WAIS servers, and other technological tools in order to reinvent scholarly publishing. This bibliography presents selected sources, in both paper and electronic form, that are useful in understanding network-based electronic publishing. A limited number of sources that deal with broader electronic publishing topics, such as intellectual property rights, multimedia systems, standards, and virtual libraries, are also included; however, this bibliography does not provide an in-depth treatment of the large and diverse body of literature that deals with electronic publishing as a whole. In order to focus on recent developments, it does not cover sources published prior to 1989 (most sources are from 1990 to the present).
A description is given of Intermedia, a tool designed to support both teaching and research in a university environment. This multiapplication hypermedia system provides linking capabilities integrated into a desktop user environment. Hypermedia is simply an extension of hypertext that incorporates other media in addition to text. To promote consistency, the applications were built with an object-oriented framework. A sample Intermedia session is presented.< >
I offer a description and rationale for an electronic journal publishing program for psychologists, called the electonic archive. Three principles are critical. First, electronic publishing must retain the readability of a traditional printed journal. Second, it must be both accessible and attractive to all members of the discipline, whether they use computers or not. Most importantly, it must provide improved facilities for retrieving information, while continuing to serve as a permanent archive of the Society. I argue that the primary advantage of electronic publishing is not the inexpensive delivery of text, but the use of a centralized archive to concentrate resources for discovering and utilizing information. The archive would provide a platform for programs embodying knowledge about the field and the intellectual goals of individual users to facilitate the intelligent retrieval of text. By using the dynamic branching and graphical display capacities of the computer, the archive can present texts in ways that cannot be rendered in print. These facilities can give scholars personalized access to information with increased scope and depth.
Current computing systems typically support only mid-century information structures: simple hierarchies. Hypertext technologies enable users to impose many structures on document sets and, consequently, provide many paths to desired information, but they require that users work their way through some structure. Full-text search eliminates this requirement by ignoring structure altogether. The search strategy can also be restricted to work within specified contexts. The architecture provided for search readily supports automatic linking. These ideas have been tested in IRIS Intermedia.
Cognitive tools: From dictionary to IRIS Inter Lex
- J H Coombs