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Curb your neuroticism – Mindfulness mediates the link between neuroticism and subjective well-being

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Abstract

Recent research has shown that mindfulness moderates the negative emotional reactivity associated with neuroticism. In two studies, we investigated how neuroticism and mindfulness are associated with subjective well-being (SWB), assuming a moderated mediation. In Study 1, 147 participants (74.2% female, M = 34.3 years, SD = 11.9) completed an online survey. Mindfulness partially mediated but did not moderate the relationship between neuroticism and SWB, indicating that low levels of mindfulness were partially accountable for lower SWB in individuals high in neuroticism. In Study 2, 108 participants (80.6% female, M = 25.2 years, SD = 6.6) completed daily diaries for 6 days. We found evidence for a moderated mediation in trait as well as daily measures of mindfulness and SWB, in that the lack of mindfulness could explain around one quarter of the negative association between neuroticism and SWB. This mediation was moderated by neuroticism itself in Study 2, in that mindfulness was only a significant mediator for high levels of neuroticism. Our findings demonstrate that negative emotional reactivity associated with neuroticism is partially due to low levels of mindfulness, which offers a promising future research avenue for the role of mindfulness.

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... It is also identified that self-esteem acts as a mediator between mindfulness and well-being (Bajaj & Pande, 2015). Wenzel et al., 2015(Wenzel et al., 2015, Gallego J., 2014(Gallego et al., 2015 and Würtzen H et al., 2013(Würtzen et al., 2013 supports the positive relationship between mindfulness and mental well-being and studies of Coo C 2018(Coo Calcagni & Salanova, 2018), Campos D 2016(Campos et al., 2016, Hollis-Walker L 2011 (Hollis-Walker & Colosimo, 2011), Brown KW 2003(Brown, K. W & Ryan, R. M, 2003 confirms the positive relationship between mindfulness and happiness. ...
... It is also identified that self-esteem acts as a mediator between mindfulness and well-being (Bajaj & Pande, 2015). Wenzel et al., 2015(Wenzel et al., 2015, Gallego J., 2014(Gallego et al., 2015 and Würtzen H et al., 2013(Würtzen et al., 2013 supports the positive relationship between mindfulness and mental well-being and studies of Coo C 2018(Coo Calcagni & Salanova, 2018), Campos D 2016(Campos et al., 2016, Hollis-Walker L 2011 (Hollis-Walker & Colosimo, 2011), Brown KW 2003(Brown, K. W & Ryan, R. M, 2003 confirms the positive relationship between mindfulness and happiness. ...
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This study aims to understand the impact of daily selfie observation on promoting self-esteem, happiness and mental well-being among young adults. This study involved 30 participants of age ranging from 19 to 24 years. 15 participants randomly assigned in the experimental group are included in a 21-day selfie observation activity, where they are instructed to click a selfie before sleep and observe the picture mindfully for 10 minutes each day. Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, Oxford happiness questionnaire and Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale was used to collect data along with demographic details. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Paired t-test and independent sample t-test was used to understand the effectiveness. The results revealed that there is significant increase in self-esteem (p<0.001), happiness (p<0.01), and mental well-being (p<0.001) post the intervention. This study contributes to the growing body of research on the intersection of mindfulness, photography and mental health.
... Therefore, considering that doomscrolling is the automatic following of negative news, it can be interpreted that doomscrolling is associated with low mindfulness. Studies show that mindfulness-based practices increase well-being (Giluk, 2009;Harrington et al., 2014;Haver et al., 2015;Wenzel et al., 2015). In the study conducted by Carmody and Baer (2009), an increase in the mindfulness levels and well-being levels of adults participating in the mindfulness-based stress reduction program was observed. ...
... In this study, mindfulness, secondary traumatic stress, doomscrolling, and the path to mental well-being were examined as mediating variables in light of the literature. Studies are showing the relationships between these variables in the literature (Carmody & Baer, 2009;Giluk, 2009;Harrington et al., 2014;Haver et al., 2015;Satici et al., 2023;Sharma et al., 2022;Wenzel et al., 2015). However, there is no research examining four variables at the same time. ...
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Considering that large‐scale events such as natural disasters, epidemics, and wars affect people all over the world through online news channels, it is inevitable to investigate the impact of following or avoiding negative news on well‐being. This study investigated the effect of doomscrolling on mental well‐being and the mediating role of mindfulness and secondary traumatic stress in social media users. A total of 400 Turkish adults completed scales to assess doomscrolling, mental well‐being, mindfulness, and secondary traumatic stress. The average age of the participants was 29.42 (SD = 8.38; ranged = 18−65). Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the mediating roles of mindfulness and secondary traumatic stress in the relationship between doomscrolling and mental well‐being. Mindfulness and secondary traumatic stress fully mediated the relationship between doomscrolling and mental well‐being. The results are discussed in light of existing knowledge of doomscrolling, mental well‐being, mindfulness, and secondary traumatic stress. High levels of doomscrolling, which is related to an individual's mental well‐being, can predict the individual's distraction from the here and now and fixation on negative news. This situation, in which mindfulness is low, is related to the individual's indirect traumatization and increased secondary traumatic stress symptoms in the face of the negative news he/she follows.
... Plusieurs études ont démontré que la mindfulness dispositionnelle pouvait être aussi associée à un niveau élévé en bien-être subjectif (Baer & al., 2008;Brown & al., 2009;Brown & Ryan, 2003;Howell & al., 2008;Kong & al., 2014;Schutte & Malouff, 2011;Wenzel & al., 2015). ...
... En effet, plusieurs études ont mis en avant que la mindfulness dispositionnelle pouvait être considérée comme une ressource personnelle, favorisant ainsi le bien-être individuel (Grossman & Van Dam, 2011;Leroy & al., 2013). Elles suggèrent des liens corrélationnels entre la mindfulness trait et le bien-être subjectif (Baer & al., 2008;Brown & al., 2009;Brown & Ryan, 2003;Howell & al., 2008;Kong & al., 2014;Schutte & Malouff, 2011;Wenzel & al., 2015). Un degré élevé en mindfulness serait associé au bien-être subjectif avec une haute satisfaction de vie, l'augmentation des affects positifs et une diminution des affects négatifs (Brown & Ryan, 2003). ...
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Au cours des vingt dernières années, le concept de mindfulness a été largement investigué dans les recherches scientifiques. De multiples définitions de la mindfulness émanent des études publiées. L’une d’entre elles a particulièrement retenue notre attention, il s’agit de celle de Brown & Ryan (2003). Ces auteurs définissent la mindfulness comme une disposition à être attentif et conscient de ce qui se déroule dans le moment présent. Pour ces auteurs, la mindfulness est une capacité innée ou une ressource psychologique qu’il est possible de développer (Brown & Ryan, 2003; Brown, & Ryan, 2004; Weinstein & al., 2009). Même si quelques études ont établi un lien entre mindfulness et différentes variables liées au travail comme la performance, l’équilibre de vie professionnelle et personnelle ou encore le burnout, trop peu d’études sont menées pour étudier ces effets dans le milieu professionnel (Hülsheger & al., 2013). Cette thèse a pour ambition de répondre à ce constat en étudiant la mindfulness en lien avec la santé au travail. Nous avons souhaité mettre en évidence le rôle de la mindfulness comme une ressource psychologique potentielle pour les individus au travail pouvant leur permettre d’accroître leur bien-être professionnel et les protéger du burnout. Pour cela, nous avons mis en oeuvre quatre études (par questionnaire) permettant de répondre à cet objectif. En conclusion de ces études, les résultats permettent d’enrichir les connaissances, la compréhension du concept et de proposer des pistes d’actions pour élargir son utilisation.
... Various studies have shown that the strong relationships between neuroticism and well-being, depressive symptoms, and cognitive biases are often mediated by mindfulness (Armstrong and Rimes 2016;H. Wang et al. 2022;Wenzel et al. 2015). Individuals high in neuroticism are more susceptible to negative emotions and stress, which may hinder their ability to benefit from mindfulness practices. ...
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This study explored the intricate dynamics between neuroticism and body image among adolescents, focusing on the mediating roles of mindfulness and self‐compassion. We also differentiate between self‐perceived body image—how individuals view their own bodies—and other‐perceived body image—how they perceive others view their bodies. Participants were recruited from a random sample of high school students in Chaozhou of Guangdong Province (China) (N = 937, Mage = 14.15 years, SD = 0.90, 476 girls). They completed questionnaires assessing neuroticism, mindfulness, self‐compassion, self‐perceived body image, and other‐perceived body image. Serial mediation regression models manifested that the relationship between neuroticism and body image was significantly mediated by mindfulness and self‐compassion. Specifically, neuroticism was negatively related to self‐perceived body image through its negative relationships with mindfulness, self‐compassion, and other‐perceived body image. The findings highlight the importance of addressing both internal attitudes and social factors in promoting a positive body image among adolescents.
... Therefore, it can be deduced that a related mechanism by which mindfulness may help patients with IBS is by regulating the negative emotional effects. According to studies, mindfulness may act as a buffer to lessen the negative effects of emotion on mood and well-being (Wenzel et al., 2015). Furthermore, mindfulness and other emotion regulation techniques enhance Data are means ± SD for quantitative variables and frequency (percent) for qualitative variables. ...
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Objectives Considering the high prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), high medical costs, and the lack of complete treatment, paying attention to the psychological processes of these patients can lead to providing cognitive solutions to eliminate or reduce pain, and improve its consequences and psychological effects. Accordingly, the current study aims to evaluate the relationship between mindfulness and quality of life, IBS symptom severity, severity of extra-intestinal symptoms, and obesity among a cross-sectional sample of patients with IBS. Method In this analytical cross-sectional study, 110 adults with IBS were confirmed according to Rome IV criteria by a physician. They were selected using cluster sampling. Various questionnaires and tools, including sociodemographic, physical activity, 24-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Short Form (FFMQ–24), IBS-Quality of Life Instrument (IBS-QOL), IBS Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS), and IBS Extra-intestinal Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-EISSS) were applied. SPSS software version 23 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, USA) was used for data analysis. Results Inverse significant association was observed between the mindfulness score and BMI, Global IBS-SSS score, and Global IBS-EISSS score (p < 0.05). Moreover, the mindfulness score was inversely associated with weight in adjusted models (model 2: B = −0.16, p = 0.02; model 3: B = −0.21, p = 0.002). Mindfulness was associated with fewer odds of being overweight and obese in patients with IBS (OR = 0.93, CI: 0.87–0.98). Conclusion Mindfulness had a significant relationship with obesity, the IBS symptom severity, as well as severity of extra-intestinal symptoms among those who suffer from IBS.
... well-being, including greater satisfaction of fundamental psychological needs (Brown & Ryan, 2003), buffering the effects of neuroticism (Wenzel et al., 2015), less anxiety and aggression (Chen et al., 2023), and more creativity (Bajaj & Pande, 2016), resilience (Bajaj & Pande, 2016;Chen et al., 2023), emotion regulation (Prakash et al., 2015) and selfconnection (Klussman et al., 2020). ...
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Objectives Trait mindfulness is associated with many measures of individual well-being, but its relationship to prosocial behavior is less clear. Prior research found that a brief intervention boosting state mindfulness led to increased prosocial behaviors among individuals with interdependent self-construals, but decreased prosocial behaviors among individuals with independent self-construals. The present research sought to examine trait mindfulness and prosocial behavior and to examine the moderating roles of both horizontal and vertical interdependence. Methods Participants (n = 149) came to a lab and read about a charitable cause. They then had the opportunity to stuff envelopes on behalf of a fundraising appeal for that cause. Previously, outside of the lab, participants had completed measures of trait mindfulness, self-construal, and individualism-collectivism. Results Trait mindfulness predicted increased helping behavior in the form of stuffing envelopes among people high in collective interdependent self-construal and among those low in horizontal or vertical individualism. Conclusions Findings suggest that trait mindfulness can predict either greater or lesser prosocial behavior depending on people's preexisting social goals and identities, and that this pattern is not limited to vertical individualism. Preregistration This study is not preregistered.
... Recent research in PP reiterates that mindfulness mediation and training can have several psychological, educational benefits for individuals such as enhanced positive emotions (e.g., kindness), reduced stress (or tranquility), increased well-being, and enhanced learning skills (e.g., Leary & Tate, 2007;Ramasubramanian, 2017;Roeser et al., 2013;Wenzel et al., 2015). According to Fallah (2017), mindfulness decreases past or future negative thoughts or judgments by reducing the selfchatter, encourages appreciation of the present time without complaint or escapism, and promotes prosocial and self-regulatory resources. ...
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Positive psychology (PP) is currently employing its modern research toolkit to examine how individual differences of hedonic (i.e. pursuing pleasure, fun, and painlessness) versus eudaimonic (i.e. pursuing meaning, self-worth, and growth) well-being motives play out against emotional and learning challenges or outcomes in life. Similarly oriented, this study explored possible associations between these distinct positive motivations and second/foreign language (L2) learners’ intentional and emotional states of mindfulness and resilience, respectively, in their pursuit of learning goals in an English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) context. A cohort of 326 Iranian EFL learners rated themselves on four related well-being, mindfulness, and resilience questionnaires. The correlational results demonstrated significant positive relationships among L2 learners’ eudaimonic motives, resilience, and mindfulness. Similarly, hierarchical regression results revealed that eudaimonic motives significantly predicted the learners’ mindfulness and resilience. Further, complementary regression models indicated that the interrelationship among these psychological states was more linear-additive rather than interactive. It is then suggested that fostering L2 learners’ eudaimonic well-being orientation can potentially boost their emotion and attention regulation, albeit reciprocally. The findings supported interventions employing eudaimonic (or “scholastic”) well-being motives in L2 education.
... Additionally, Yu and Hu (2022) explored the indirect effects of extraversion and neuroticism on college freshmen's depressive symptoms via social support and confirmed the partial mediation effects of social support. Life skills, as a main component of psychological coping resources, play a particularly important role in linking neuroticism and psychoticism with mental health (Singh, 2022;Wenzel et al., 2015). However, the direct relationship between neuroticism or psychoticism and mental health remained significant after including the mediator of life skills, indicating other mediators may exist that need further investigation. ...
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Middle and high school students with childhood household dysfunction (CHD) are at high risk of personality traits immaturity and poor mental health, yet little is known about the mechanism between personality traits and mental health. In this cross-sectional study, 223 students with CHD were recruited from Hunan, China. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Middle School Student Life Skills Rating Scale, and Mental Health Test were used to measure personality traits, life skills, and mental health, respectively. Path analysis was conducted to assess these relationships. Mental health problems were positively correlated with neuroticism and psychoticism but negatively related to extraversion and life skills. Life skills partially mediated the relationship between neuroticism and mental health, psychoticism and mental health, and fully mediated between extraversion and mental health. Our findings provide important implications for future mental health promotion programs to focus on life skills improvement among students with CHD to improve their mental health.
... However, consistent with other studies [44][45][46], we were able to replicate the negative association between neuroticism and dispositional mindfulness scores. This finding is congruent with the relationship between neuroticism and poorer subjective well-being [139][140][141], while mindfulness is known to mitigate neurotic behaviours [3,142] and is related to enhanced psychological well-being [143]. When examining how these personality factors might interact with the effect of adherence, we did find significant interactions of conscientiousness, neuroticism and adherence on performance. ...
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Human performance applications of mindfulness-based training have demonstrated its utility in enhancing cognitive functioning. Previous studies have illustrated how these interventions can improve performance on traditional cognitive tests, however, little investigation has explored the extent to which mindfulness-based training can optimise performance in more dynamic and complex contexts. Further, from a neuroscientific perspective, the underlying mechanisms responsible for performance enhancements remain largely undescribed. With this in mind, the following study aimed to investigate how a short-term mindfulness intervention (one week) augments performance on a dynamic and complex task (target motion analyst task; TMA) in young, healthy adults (n = 40, age range = 18–38). Linear mixed effect modelling revealed that increased adherence to the web-based mindfulness-based training regime (ranging from 0–21 sessions) was associated with improved performance in the second testing session of the TMA task, controlling for baseline performance. Analyses of resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) metrics demonstrated no change across testing sessions. Investigations of additional individual factors demonstrated that enhancements associated with training adherence remained relatively consistent across varying levels of participants’ resting-state EEG metrics, personality measures (i.e., trait mindfulness, neuroticism, conscientiousness), self-reported enjoyment and timing of intervention adherence. Our results thus indicate that mindfulness-based cognitive training leads to performance enhancements in distantly related tasks, irrespective of several individual differences. We also revealed nuances in the magnitude of cognitive enhancements contingent on the timing of adherence, regardless of total volume of training. Overall, our findings suggest that mindfulness-based training could be used in a myriad of settings to elicit transferable performance enhancements.
... While they positively correlated to all five factors, Neuroticism (emotional instability) was higher than the other four factors. A study by Wenzel et al. (2015), found that low levels of mindfulness influence one's negative emotional reactivity, which is associated with neuroticism. People with neurotic tendencies were more likely to display compulsive and impulsive buying behavior. ...
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Mindfulness as a concept has existed for thousands of years in the Buddhist tradition and other meditative practices. The Buddhist path to nirvana incorporates the ability to be “in the moment.” This research aims to examine how mindfulness can affect impulse buying. Using personality traits from the Big 5 Personality Traits and the 3M Model of Motivation and Personality, we construct a model to study the predictive relationships to Mindfulness. Results show that mindfulness is related to impulse buying, either affectively or cognitively. The more mindful the consumer is, the less likely he/she will make an impulse buy. Additionally, consciousness did not positively affect the need for arousal or material things. The more conscientious you are, the less the need to be aroused. This indicates that companies need to differentiate between very conscientious consumers and consumers who are not. The more a consumer looks for information, the less likely any marketing cues, such as advertisements or social media, will arouse him/her. This study can help marketers understand the most critical personality traits affecting mindfulness and impulse buying.
... However, these findings have sparked a new theoretical controversy about the directions between conscientiousness and DM. Some researchers argue that personality is an important antecedent variable for DM (Liu et al., 2022;Wenzel et al., 2015), while others argue that DM is a predictor variable for personality (Hanley et al., 2018). However, to date, previous researchers do not determine which of conscientiousness and DM is the predictor variable and which is the outcome variable because they mainly use a cross-sectional study design rather than a longitudinal one. ...
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Conscientiousness and dispositional mindfulness (DM) are two significant predictors of anxiety and depression in adolescents. However, little is known about whether there are bidirectional relations between any two of the three variables and whether DM mediates the longitudinal relations between conscientiousness and anxiety and depression in adolescents. The present study was conducted to address this issue using a two-wave longitudinal design. A total of 1191 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.35 years at T1; 53.7% girls) completed the measures at two time points (approximately one and a half years interval). Results of the cross-lagged panel model showed that changes in conscientiousness predicted changes in DM over time, but the inverse predictions did not hold. There were no reciprocal relations between conscientiousness and anxiety or depression. However, there were reciprocal relations between DM and anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the longitudinal mediation model results revealed that DM fully mediated the longitudinal relations between conscientiousness and anxiety and depression. The present research identifies directional relations between conscientiousness and DM and their longitudinal associations with anxiety and depression. These findings provide new insights into prevention and intervention for mental health problems in adolescents.
... Numerous quantitative studies have delved into the connection between mindfulness and psychological adjustment within non-clinical cohorts, encompassing students and adults. The aforementioned studies' outcomes generally indicate that mindfulness exhibits a negative association with psychological maladjustments, including depression and anxiety 26,27 , while concurrently demonstrating a positive correlation with wholesome cognitive processes like reduced rumination and enhanced executive function 28 . Furthermore, mindfulness exhibits a more adaptive emotional performance, as evidenced by lower perceived stress, heightened emotional well-being, and improved emotion regulation 28 . ...
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Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant changes in social relationships and emotional development. In light of the importance of promoting mental health in this age group, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a mentalization-based treatment intervention on mindfulness and perceived social support among female adolescents aged 12-15 years in Tehran. A pretest-posttest control group design was employed, with participants randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received the mentalization-based treatment, or the control group, serving as a comparison for evaluating the intervention's effectiveness. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (MSPSS) were used to measure mindfulness and perceived social support, respectively. The mentalization-based treatment intervention focused on enhancing the participants' ability to understand and interpret their own and others' mental states, fostering empathy, and improving interpersonal relationships. Data analysis was performed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) to assess the impact of the mentalization-based treatment on mindfulness and perceived social support in female adolescents. The results indicated a significant improvement in both mindfulness and perceived social support after the intervention (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the findings suggest that mentalization-based treatment holds promise as an effective approach to enhance mental health outcomes, particularly in promoting mindfulness and perceived social support in female adolescents. Future attention should be given to the implementation of this intervention to support the well-being of adolescents during this critical developmental stage.
... Mindfulness, for example, seems to be associated primarily with the manifestations of neuroticism and conscientiousness in the Big Five model (Goldberg, 1990). Whereas the relationship between conscientiousness and mindfulness seems to be unclear-and almost unnoticed (Giluk, 2009)-so far, the literature discusses moderating and mediating influences of mindfulness on behavior and experience associated with neuroticism, such as subjective well-being (Wenzel et al., 2015) or the associated development of depressive symptoms and trait anger (Feltman et al., 2009). ...
... This comes in the presence of mindfulness which has beneficial effects on various indicators of mental health such as reduced anxiety and depression, and increased compassion, wellbeing, and resilience [39,74]. Even though some preceding studies have analysed the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between mindfulness and well-being [74,75], there is not enough exploration that has probed this mediating role in times of crisis or uncertain times, such as the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The results of the current study have strengthened the study predictions. ...
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The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is presently a global health issue that negatively affects the mental health and well-being of students globally. The latest investigations have recognized the role of mindfulness in individual subjective well-being. This study explores the mediating role of resilience in the overall relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being among Indian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected between 10 August 2020 to 24 October 2020 via a self-administered questionnaire from 589 university students in India. Results revealed that resilience has a partial mediating role between mindfulness and subjective well-being. The results substantiate that resilience has an important role in mindfulness, exercising its advantageous effects on mental health of the students in higher education institutions. This research adds to the knowledge base of mindfulness and subjective well-being of university students, especially in contingent times. Lastly, the study contributes to the existing mindfulness theory.
... Mindfulness based interventions has been associated with enhanced wellbeing in clinical and non-clinical contexts of research (Bajaj and Pande, 2016;Wenzel et al., 2015). The interesting perspective in examining the action of mindfulness on wellbeing is the reappraisal of hedonistic features, i.e., to strive for positive emotions and avoid negative emotions. ...
... Mindfulness based interventions has been associated with enhanced wellbeing in clinical and non-clinical contexts of research (Bajaj and Pande, 2016;Wenzel et al., 2015). The interesting perspective in examining the action of mindfulness on wellbeing is the reappraisal of hedonistic features, i.e., to strive for positive emotions and avoid negative emotions. ...
... This trend appears in MDMA research, where certain participants initially experience worse symptoms as their avoidance is reduced and they become more able to confront their trauma (Monson et al. 2020). A similar phenomenon exists in mindfulness research, where some meditators experience increased neuroticism and decreased negative affect in a way that is related to increased trait mindfulness (Wenzel et al. 2015). ...
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Rationale The use of psychedelics for medical and recreational purposes is rising. Contextual factors such as expectancy, intention, and sensory and social environment (set and setting) are widely recognized as moderating the effects of these substances. Nevertheless, clinical trials of microdosing — the ingestion of small, sub-hallucinogenic doses of psychedelics — rarely report their set and setting. This fact suggests that such factors are not considered important in the context of microdosing. Objective This paper challenges this assumption and makes the case for the crucial relevance of set and setting in microdosing practice. Building on set and setting theory and placebo theory, we explain why set and setting are of crucial importance in the case of microdosing. Results This reasoning helps elucidate the role of set and setting in determining the outcomes of microdosing and helps explain some of the contradictory results that have emerged in microdosing research in recent years. Conclusion Set and setting are important constructs to be considered especially in the context of microdosing psychedelics. By reporting set and setting, the results of microdosing research can be made more reliable and consistent.
... Sweeny et al. (2020) found in their research that mindfulness was associated with better well-being during stressful circumstances in China [16]. Prior studies [28,29] found that mindfulness significantly correlates with well-being. Regarding mindfulness, our results are similar to Mettler et al. [30], who reported the protective role of trait mindfulness against problematic behavior (e.g., pathological video gaming). ...
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(1) Background: Changes in daily life and academic training has led to uncertainty in the higher education student population during COVID-19. The goal of the study was to examine the impacts of the pandemic on Hungarian students. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted by using self-report questionnaires collected in Google Forms. 827 students (25.29±8.09) took part anonymously. Scales: Well Being Index (WHO-5); Mindfulness Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS); Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14-14). Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS-14.24, results were considered at a significance level p≤0.05. (3) Results: Positive correlation was found between MAAS and WHO-5 (r=0.363, p<0.001) negative correlation between MAAS and PSS-14-14 (r=-0.448, p<0.001), negative correlation between WHO-5 and PSS-14-14 (r=-0.671, p<0.001). Females had higher PSS-14-14 mean score (32.51±10.16) than males (27.71±10.19; p<0.001; Z=-5,703), males (60.92±12.10) had higher MAAS level than females (57.31±12.51; p<0.001; Z=-3,589). No dif-ference was found in gender regarding WHO-5 mean scores. Athletes (7.03±3.27) differ significantly from non-athletes (6.00±3.04) in WHO-5 (p<0.001; Z=-4.349) and MAAS level (p=0.012; Z=-2.498) but showed no difference in PSS-14-14 (p=0.101; Z=-1.641). Students rated mental (3.01±0.99) worse than physical health (3.49±0.98; p<0.001, r=0.426) and the narrowing of social relationships worse (3.83±1.26) than physical (p<0.001, r=-0.212) and mental health (p<0.001, r=-0.408). Females had worse mental health (2.96±9.94) than males (3.20±0.99; p=0.003; Z=-2.924) and rated the narrowing of social relationships worse (3.90±1.23) than males (3.59±1.35; p=0.006; Z=-2.730). (4) Conclusions: Pandemic have negatively impacted students which may have long-term consequences in their mental and physical health and education.
... Mindfulness, for example, seems to be associated primarily with the manifestations of neuroticism and conscientiousness in the Big Five model (Goldberg, 1990). Whereas the relationship between conscientiousness and mindfulness seems to be unclear-and almost unnoticed (Giluk, 2009)-so far, the literature discusses moderating and mediating influences of mindfulness on behavior and experience associated with neuroticism, such as subjective well-being (Wenzel et al., 2015) or the associated development of depressive symptoms and trait anger (Feltman et al., 2009). ...
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Objective: Mindfulness-based interventions are increasingly used in health, economic and educational systems. There are numerous studies demonstrating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in the educational sectors (primary, secondary, and tertiary). This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the current state of research on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on the academic performance of students as measured by their grade point average (GPA). Methods: Literature search was conducted in Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, and Google Scholar through March 2022. The inclusion criteria were: (1) the use of GPA as a measure of students’ academic performance, (2) a sample that was subjected to a mindfulness-based intervention without medical indication, (3) the student status of the subjects. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model with the generic inverse variance method. Results: The search included a total of 759 studies, of which six randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. In these trials, significant group differences for GPA were found with effect sizes ranging from d = 0.16–1.62 yielding a significant overall effect of d = 0.42 (95% CI: 0.15–0.69) and a low magnitude of heterogeneity of I ² = 37%. Discussion: In conclusion, the first results of this emerging research field seem promising. However, the exact mechanisms of action are still unclear.
... Individuals with IBD tend to score high on measures of neuroticism, a personality dimension closely related to the experience of anxiety and negative emotion (Sirois, 2015), and lower in psychosocial wellbeing as compared to healthy peers (Jordan et al., 2016). Research conducted by Wenzel et al. (2015) suggests mindfulness may serve as a buffer, moderating the effects of negative emotionality on mood and well-being. Neuroticism was more closely associated with depression in those measuring lower in levels of mindfulness. ...
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The impact of stress and other psychological variables on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) prognosis, treatment response, and functional level is well-established; however, typical IBD treatment focuses on the physiological pathology of the disease and neglects complementary stress-reducing interventions. Recent pilot studies report the benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in people living with IBD, but are limited by small sample sizes. Recruitment challenges to in-person studies may be in part due to the difficulty IBD patients often have adhering to fixed schedules and travel as a result of IBD symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and incontinence. The current study aimed to address this barrier by offering participants access to online mindfulness training, allowing individuals to engage with intervention materials to fit their own schedule. Online mindfulness programs have gained popularity in recent years, as they increase access and flexibility and decrease cost to the user; however, the dropout rate tends to be high. The current study compared the rate of adherence and efficacy of mindfulness training as a function of level of support: self-guided versus supported. Analysis revealed no significant difference in the benefits received between participants in the two groups; however, a significant difference group (χ² = 15.75; p = 0.000, r = 0.38) was found in terms of rate of completion, with 44.1% of the supportive group completing the protocol compared to 11.7% of the self-guided. Common challenges to meditation were measured, but did not significantly predict adherence to the intervention, and experience of these challenges did not significantly change (increase or decrease) over the duration of the study. Implications of the current research, future directions for the use of MBI for IBD patients, and a discussion of methodological considerations are provided.
... Mindfulness based interventions has been associated with enhanced wellbeing in clinical and non-clinical contexts of research (Bajaj and Pande, 2016;Wenzel et al., 2015). The interesting perspective in examining the action of mindfulness on wellbeing is the reappraisal of hedonistic features, i.e., to strive for positive emotions and avoid negative emotions. ...
... [12][13][14][15] The clarity and vividness of the experience and orienting to the present moment with curiosity and openness can facilitate one's psychosocial adjustment to life changes and new environments. [16][17][18] Although a number of studies have reported positive correlations between mindfulness and psychosocial wellbeing, 11,[19][20][21][22][23][24] we only found two studies testing the association between mindfulness and college adjustment. 25,26 One study included 92 first-year students and reported positive associations between mindfulness and college adjustment. ...
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Introduction College life is a challenging stage for students to transition from adolescence to early adulthood. College students need to adjust to various problems, including those related to learning, campus life, interpersonal relationships, career selection, emotions, and self. The aim of this study was to test the associations between different facets of mindfulness, resilience, and college adjustment, as well as the mediation effect of resilience between mindfulness and college adjustment among first-year college students. Methods This survey study recruited 765 first-year college students in China. The psychological variables were assessed by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Chinese College Student Adjustment Scale. Results It has been showed in the current study that mindfulness and resilience were positively correlated with college adjustment. Resilience significantly mediated the associations between four dimensions of mindfulness (ie, describing, acting with awareness, observing and non-reactivity) and college adjustment. Conclusion The findings support the potential importance of enhancing mindfulness and resilience to facilitate adjustment among first-year college students. Limitations and implications are discussed.
... Although the poor ability to stay focused in the present moment due to being deeply affected by this period of extreme criticality could represent an obstacle to the MBSR's efficacy [84,85], our results highlighted the effectiveness of the MBSR training in improving mindfulness skills, as demonstrated by the significant increase in the total score and nonreact subscale of the FFMQ questionnaire. Previous research indicated positive effects of the MBSR program, including reduced stress and anxiety [86][87][88][89]. It was demonstrated that non-reactivity, defined as the capacity to choose not to react to emotions and negative thoughts and to accept their existence, is a protective factor against stress [90]. ...
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The global pandemic caused by COVID-19 and the subsequent lockdown have been widely recognized as traumatic events that pose threats to psychological well-being. Recent studies reported that during such traumatic events, women tend to be at greater risk than men for developing symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. Several studies reported that a mindfulness-based stress reduction protocol (MBSR) provides useful skills for dealing with traumatic events. In our study, a sample of Italian females received an 8-week MBSR course plus 6 weeks of video support for meditation practice during the first total lockdown in Italy. We assessed the participants with questionnaires before and after this period to investigate their mindfulness skills, psychological well-being, post-traumatic growth, and psychological flexibility. After the intervention, the meditators group reported improvement in measures associated with self-acceptance, purpose in life, and relation to others compared to the control group. Furthermore, our results showed that participants with greater mindfulness scores showed high levels of psychological flexibility, which in turn was positively associated with higher levels of psychological well-being. We concluded that the MBSR could support psychological well-being, at least in female subjects, even during an unpredictable adverse event, such as the COVID-19 lockdown, by reinforcing key psychological aspects.
... They also found that appraisals of stressful events can in part explain the link between neuroticism and mindfulness. Wenzel, von Versen, Hirschmüller and Kubiak's (2015) research used 255 participants to explore the idea of mindfulness as a moderator of the link between neuroticism and subjective well-being. They found that participants with higher levels of neuroticism experienced lower levels of well-being and mindfulness. ...
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This is the final copy of our research study which contains a summary of past research, methods and procedures used, findings and discussion. Note: As of yet, this research has not been peer-reviewed so caution should be exercised if being referenced.
... Let us take the relationship between well-being and emotional stability in Figure 2.3, which is well documented in the literature to be linear (e.g. Wenzel et al., 2015). There is a significant linear positive relationship between these variables (β=0.52, ...
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This thesis investigates what big data can add to the psychological study of human behaviour; and how Psychological theory can inform developments in machine learning models predicting human behaviour. It works through the difficulties that arise when the fields of machine learning and psychology meet. While machine learning models deal well with big datasets, they are designed for prediction, neglecting psychologists' desire to, not just predict, but understand behaviour. Psychology does well at using theory to specify models and explain the variance within a sample, yet can fail to consider how transferable the findings are to new samples. This research harnesses over a million loyalty card transaction records from a high-street health and beauty retailer linked to 12,968 questionnaire responses measuring demographics, shopping motivations, and individual differences. Equipped with real world behavioural records, and information on potential psychological and demographic drivers of behaviour, this thesis explores the ways in which psychological research can be undergone using big data to better understand three main areas: well-being, environmental behaviours, and anxiety symptoms. This thesis has the goal of marrying the strengths of traditional psychological methodology (utilising theoretical knowledge, quantifying uncertainty, and building interpretable models) with the exciting possibilities afforded by big data, all whilst ensuring that the models are generalisable and do not overfit. The following chapters discuss and evaluate novel research in this space, as well as the difficulties encountered, and compromises made, in undertaking `Big Data Psychology’.
... Mindfulness has not only been of interest in clinical psychology but also benefits of dispositional mindfulness and mindfulness based interventions for personal well-being have been found in non-clinical contexts with empirical research (Bajaj and Pande 2016;Wenzel et al. 2015). The positive impact of mindfulness on well-being includes both hedonic as well as eudaimonic aspects of well-being (Brown and Ryan 2003). ...
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Orientations to well-being, including personal values, motives and goals regarding one’s well-being are often related to the experience of well-being. At the same time, studies show positive effects of mindfulness on well-being. It is conceivable, that the strength of the connection between well-being orientations and experiences depend on the degree of dispositional mindfulness. To explore relationships between orientations and experiences of well-being as well as the potential moderation effect of mindfulness, two cross-sectional online studies with German-speaking participants were conducted. In Study 1 ( N = 414) mindfulness moderated the relationship between life of pleasure (measured by the Orientations to Happiness Scale) and life satisfaction (β = −0.10, p = 0.017) as well as the relationship between life of meaning (β = −0.10, p = 0.028). As hypothesized, mindfulness moderated the connection between life of engagement and life satisfaction (β = −0.14, p = 0.001) as well as the negative relationship between search for meaning and life satisfaction (β = 0.15, p < 0.001). In Study 2 ( N = 731) none of those effects were statistically replicated. Yet, mindfulness moderated the relationship between hedonia (measured by the Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Action Questionnaire) and life satisfaction (β = −0.07, p = 0.048) as well as the relationship between search for meaning and psychological well-being (β = 0.07, p = 0.015). Overall, the results show that mindfulness has no substantial moderating effect on the well-being orientations and experiences relationship. Yet, in both studies, mindfulness and well-being orientations were consistently related to well-being experiences. This points out, that both are related to the experience of well-being, but beyond that not as interacting factors.
... High levels of dispositional mindfulness have moderated and mediated the relationship between neuroticism and the development of depressive symptoms (Barnhofer, Duggan, & Griffith, 2011) and psychological wellbeing (Iani, Lauriola, Cafaro, & Didonna, 2017;Wenzel, von Versen, Hirschmüller, & Kubiak, 2015), suggesting they are at least somewhat distinct. Further, dispositional mindfulness showed incremental validity over and above Big Five traits when predicting psychological wellbeing (Mehta & Hicks, 2018), psychological distress, life satisfaction, and burnout (Grevenstein, Aguilar-Raab, & Bluemke, 2018). ...
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We sought to determine the relationship between dispositional mindfulness, Big Five personality traits, and psychopathology in a sample of adolescents at high risk for mood and anxiety disorders. The incremental utility of dispositional mindfulness in predicting psychopathology over and above the Big Five was investigated using a facet-level approach. One hundred and thirty-one adolescents (M = 13.76, SD = 1.65) who had a parent with a history of mood or anxiety disorders completed measures of dispositional mindfulness and facets of mindfulness (i.e., attention and awareness, nonreactivity, nonjudgement, and self-acceptance), the Big Five model of personality, psychopathology (i.e., internalizing, externalizing, and total problems scales), and mindfulness experience. Hierarchical multiple regressions were performed. Controlling for sex, mindfulness experience, and theory driven Big Five factors, higher dispositional mindfulness related to fewer internalizing, externalizing, and total problems. Mindfulness facet self-acceptance was key to this association. Nonreactivity moderated effects of attention and awareness, such that higher attention and awareness correlated to fewer internalizing and total problems only when nonreactivity was also high. Therefore, self-acceptance and nonreactive observing may be unique components of mindfulness that have implications for adolescent psychopathological symptoms, even controlling for well-established personality vulnerability factors. Future adolescent mindfulness intervention research and practice should emphasize techniques that involve observation while concurrently enhancing nonreactivity and self-acceptance.
... Previous research studies have found that mindfulness exercise plays a mediating role in enhancing well-being (Kong, Wang, & Zhao, 2014;Wenzel, von Versen, Hirschmüller, & Kubiak, 2015) also documented in various studies involving college students (Bajaj & Pande, 2016;Mandal, Arya, & Pandey, 2011). It is speculated that among these mediators, coping competence of the individual will have an impact on well-being, founding the curiosity behind this study's investigation. ...
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Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com". Abstract Adolescence is a volatile and fragile transitional period of life marked with experiences that threat well-being. The objectives of the study were devised to investigate the relationship between coping competence, mind-fulness, and well-being and to examine the role of coping competence and mindfulness on well-being. The study followed a correlational design. A total sample of 221 adolescents (111 boys and 110 girls; age range 14-19 years) were recruited from schools and colleges through purposive sampling and were administered the following scales: cognitive and affective mindfulness scale-revised, the coping competence questionnaire, and WHO Well-Being Index 5. The obtained quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t test, Pearson's correlation and standard multiple regression. A significant positive relationship between all the three variables, viz. coping competence, mindfulness and well-being was found. Multiple regression analyses indicated that both the variables-coping competence and mindfulness (together as a model) predicted well-being but did not make significant individual contributions in predicting well-being. The implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
... In addition, it helps individuals reduce negative automatic thoughts and unhealthy behaviors and promotes self-regulation (Ryan & Deci, 2001). Studies have demonstrated a close association between trait mindfulness and well-being (Haver et al., 2015;Short, Mazmanian, Oinonen, & Mushquash, 2016;Wenzel et al., 2015). Studies have also shown that cultivating mindfulness through intensive mindfulness meditation training improves well-being (Aikens et al., 2014;Falkenstrom, 2010;Fredrickson et al., 2008). ...
Thesis
Research tells us that there is a positive effect of prayer on well-being. However, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie this relationship. In addition, much of the available data concerning prayer and well-being is based on Christians living in the United States, and our knowledge of how prayer and well-being are functionally interconnected in other faith groups is sparse. The primary aim of this study was to understand how prayer impacts well-being in individuals of the Muslim faith. Specifically, four potential mediators of the relationship between prayer and well-being were examined: optimism, spirituality, mindfulness, and social support. Participants (N=155) were recruited online and completed measures of prayer habits and levels of trait mindfulness, spirituality, optimism, social support, and subjective well-being. The data were analysed using a parallel multiple mediator model to test for the indirect effect of the mediator variables on the relationship between prayer and well-being. Optimism and spirituality were both found to be mediators of frequency of prayer and subjective well-being. Mindfulness correlated with both frequency of prayer and well-being but did not mediate the relationship between the two. Social support correlated with frequency of prayer but not with well-being and was not a mediator in the relationship between prayer and well-being. Implications of findings for culturally informed mental health counselling are discussed.
... In addition, it helps individuals reduce negative automatic thoughts and unhealthy behaviors and promotes self-regulation (Ryan & Deci, 2001). Studies have demonstrated a close association between trait mindfulness and well-being (Haver et al., 2015;Short, Mazmanian, Oinonen, & Mushquash, 2016;Wenzel et al., 2015). Studies have also shown that cultivating mindfulness through intensive mindfulness meditation training improves well-being (Aikens et al., 2014;Falkenstrom, 2010;Fredrickson et al., 2008). ...
Thesis
Research tells us that there is a positive effect of prayer on well-being. However, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie this relationship. In addition, much of the available data concerning prayer and well-being is based on Christians living in the United States, and our knowledge of how prayer and well-being are functionally interconnected in other faith groups is sparse. The primary aim of this study was to understand how prayer impacts well-being in individuals of the Muslim faith. Specifically, four potential mediators of the relationship between prayer and well-being were examined: optimism, spirituality, mindfulness, and social support. Participants (N=155) were recruited online and completed measures of prayer habits and levels of trait mindfulness, spirituality, optimism, social support, and subjective well-being. The data were analysed using a parallel multiple mediator model to test for the indirect effect of the mediator variables on the relationship between prayer and well-being. Optimism and spirituality were both found to be mediators of frequency of prayer and subjective well-being. Mindfulness correlated with both frequency of prayer and well-being but did not mediate the relationship between the two. Social support correlated with frequency of prayer but not with well-being and was not a mediator in the relationship between prayer and well-being. Implications of findings for culturally informed mental health counselling are discussed.
... Individuals high in N tend to experience more negative events (Zautra, Affleck, Tennen, Reich & Davis, 2005) and tend to appraise them as threatening (Schneider, 2004). Observing is also positively associated with N (Wenzel, von Versen, Hirschmüller & Kubiak, 2015). We controlled for C because it is associated with lower levels of threat appraisal and perceived stress (Penley & Tomaka, 2002) and higher levels of mindfulness (Giluk, 2009). ...
Article
In the current study, we used a conditional process model to examine the interaction between two facets of mindfulness-observing and acceptance-in predicting threat appraisal and thereby indirectly predicting perceived stress in an academic context. German college students (N = 214) completed questionnaires at two time points during the semester. Results supported our hypotheses. Acceptance moderated the direct effect of observing on threat appraisal and also the indirect effect of observing on perceived stress via threat appraisal. In particular, observing was negatively related to threat appraisal among individuals with high acceptance levels and was positively related among individuals with low acceptance levels. Furthermore, observing exerted an indirect effect on perceived stress via threat appraisal only when acceptance was very high or very low. This study sheds light on the conditions under which observing one's own experiences can be either detrimental or beneficial.
Article
This study focused on the relationships among religious coping, mindfulness, and family quality of life among parents of children with intellectual disabilities in mainland China. Questionnaires on religious coping, mindfulness, and family quality of life were administered to parents of 189 children with intellectual disabilities. The results showed that religious coping directly and indirectly predicted family quality of life, mediated by mindfulness. The contribution, limitations, and influence of this study are discussed.
Article
Trait mindfulness confers emotional benefits and encourages skillful emotion regulation, in part because it helps people more deliberately attend to internal experiences and external surroundings. Such heightened attentional control might help skillfully deploy one's attention towards certain kinds of stimuli, which may in turn help regulate emotions, but this remains unknown. Testing how trait mindful people deploy attention when regulating their emotions could help uncover the specific mechanisms of mindfulness that confer its emotional benefits. The present study aimed to determine whether high trait mindfulness is associated with sustained attention biases to (i.e. longer gaze at) emotional scenes, when all participants are given the emotion regulation goal of staying in a positive mood. To measure this, we used eye tracking to assess selective attention to positive, neutral, and negative photographs. Higher trait mindfulness was associated with both a stronger attention bias for positive (vs. neutral and vs. negative) images, as well as greater success staying in a positive mood during viewing. Surprisingly, this attention bias towards the positive images did not mediate the relationship between mindfulness and maintenance of positive mood. Future work should compare visual attention to other emotion regulation strategies that may maximise positive affect for mindful people.
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Human performance applications of mindfulness-based training have demonstrated its utility in enhancing cognitive functioning. Previous studies have illustrated how these interventions can improve performance on traditional cognitive tests, however, little investigation has explored the extent to which mindfulness-based training can optimise performance in more dynamic and complex contexts. Further, from a neuroscientific perspective, the underlying mechanisms responsible for performance enhancements remain largely undescribed. With this in mind, the following study aimed to investigate how a short-term mindfulness intervention (one week) augments performance on a dynamic and complex task (target motion analyst task; TMA) in young, healthy adults (n = 40, age range = 18 - 38). Linear mixed effect modelling revealed that increased adherence to the mindfulness-based training regime (ranging from 0-21 sessions) was associated with improved performance in the second testing session of the TMA task, controlling for baseline performance. Further analyses of resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) metrics and additional individual factors demonstrated enhancements associated with training adherence remained relatively consistent across varying levels of participants’ resting-state EEG metrics, personality measures (i.e., trait mindfulness, neuroticism, conscientiousness), self-reported enjoyment and timing of intervention adherence. Our results thus indicate that mindfulness-based cognitive training leads to performance enhancements in distantly related tasks, irrespective of several individual differences. We also revealed nuances in the magnitude of cognitive enhancements contingent on the timing of adherence, regardless of total volume of training. Overall, our findings suggest that mindfulness-based training could be used in a myriad of settings to elicit transferable performance enhancements.
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Mục đích của nghiên cứu là đánh giá mối quan hệ giữa chánh niệm và sức khỏe tâm thần với biến trung gian là khả năng phục hồi. Đây là một nghiên cứu cắt ngang được thực hiện với mẫu nghiên cứu gồm 301 sinh viên. Người tham gia đã hoàn thành các thang đo về chánh niệm, khả năng phục hồi và sức khỏe tâm thần. Phân tích tương quan cho thấy có mối quan hệ tương quan thuận chiều từ thấp đến trung bình giữa các biến số trong nghiên cứu. Phân tích biến trung gian đã chứng minh tác động gián tiếp của chánh niệm với sức khỏe tâm thần thông qua biến trung gian khả năng phục hồi. Kết quả nghiên cứu cung cấp cơ sở khoa học cho việc phát triển chánh niệm và khả năng phục hồi như là giải pháp nâng cao sức khỏe tâm thần trong sinh viên.
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Background: Early appearing temperamental differences and the psychological flexibility skills of individuals are proposed factors influencing stress and depression among adolescents. We test the theoretical assumption that temperament may form a basis for facing the outer world, while the development of psychological flexibility being another such basis and a mediator in well-being outcomes. Methods: Using data on 740 adolescents (Mage = 15.7 years, 57% female) assessed at the beginning and end of the final grade of basic education, structural equation modeling (SEM) with mediation analysis was conducted to examine the associations between the key temperament dimensions, changes in psychological flexibility, and changes in symptoms of stress and depression. Results: The results indicate that both temperament and psychological flexibility had unique, direct associations with changes in symptoms of stress and depression. There were also indirect links between temperament and changes in symptoms achieved via psychological flexibility: adolescents with negative affectivity (NA) showed an increase in symptoms of stress and depression mediated by lower psychological flexibility, while adolescents with effortful control (EC) and extraversion (EX) showed a decrease in symptoms, mediated by higher psychological flexibility. Limitations: More research with longer-term follow-up study designs is needed to explore these associations thoroughly. Conclusions: Temperamental patterns play a significant role in the development of psychological symptoms. However, these associations are modified by psychological flexibility. Together, temperamental dimensions and psychological flexibility form cumulative patterns influencing psychological symptoms. The practical implications of the findings are discussed in this study.
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The Conservation of Resources theory has been set in motion to understand the psychological wellbeing at work-place-focused foothold of the realm in light of the JD-R theory. Life insurance agents experience multifarious stressors and challenges that negatively impact their psychological wellbeing. The current pandemic situation of the COVID-19 outbreak has directed significance to workplace health promotion as a novel postulation addressed in this study. This research is the first to empirically test and investigate the predicting effects of perceived stress, mindfulness, social support, and self-efficacy on psychological well-being among 794 Life Insurance Agents in India. This non-experimental research method incorporates the reflective model analysed through Smart PLS-3. A power analysis is executed by drawing evidence from India recruited through random sampling. Results show mindfulness as the strongest and most effective predictor of positive psychological well-being. This study underpins the significance of mindfulness-based interventions in unprecedented times during the COVID-19 pandemic where the mindful selling of the right policies surges and assists the agents to build a long-term relationship with the customers. Future studies should try to test these interventions with multi-centred research that can further enhance the robustness of research findings.
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Gender dysphoria affects people’s social and psychological adjustment. One dimension of social incompatibility in people with gender dysphoria is the feeling of isolation and loneliness. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and emotional schema with feelings of loneliness in Iranian people with gender dysphoria and the mediating role of mindfulness. Participants included 105 individuals with gender dysphoria who were asked to complete the UCLA Loneliness Scale-third version, Hexaco Personality Questionnaire, Leahy Emotional Schema Scale and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. The results showed that emotionality, extraversion, and emotional schema have a significant relationship with loneliness (p < .05). Higher correlation has been found between loneliness and extraversion (r = –0.51). The direct effect of emotional schema (β = 0.17; p = .044) and mindfulness (β = −0.36; p < .001) on loneliness were significant. Furthermore, the mindfulness factor indirectly related extraversion and emotional schemas to loneliness. Thus, emotionality, extraversion and emotional schema probably reduce, directly and indirectly, the loneliness of people with gender dysphoria through the mindfulness as a mediating factor. It can be concluded that in clinical practice, therapeutic interventions based on mindfulness and schema-oriented can possibly reduce the feeling of loneliness of people with gender dysphoria.
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Achieving happiness is essential to boost social emotional development among children and youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, there has been limited reviews on a wide range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that facilitate well-being outcomes among individuals with ASD. This review article provides a summary on dispositional, social, and contextual factors that promote well-being among children and adolescents with autism. Personal factors that have been found to influence happiness among individuals with autism include personality, self-esteem, and emotion regulation. Social factors such as parents, peers or friends, and teachers also contribute to well-being among youth with ASD. Importantly, the role of contextual and broader ecological factors such as inclusive educational policies has been elaborated.
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This study analyses the mediating role of Core Self-evaluation (CSE) on the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and mental wellbeing. A sample of 184 Muslim students (Mage = 22.08) studying in the different universities completed the self-report measures of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Core Self-evaluations Scale (CSES), and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS). The collected responses are subjected to multiple regression and mediation analyses. The results revealed that dispositional mindfulness and core self-evaluations significantly predicted mental well-being. It is found that core self-evaluation fully mediates the effect of dispositional mindfulness on mental well-being. Moreover, it is also observed that measures of dispositional mindfulness, core self-evaluation, and mental well-being are indifferent with respect to students’ gender. Therefore, the study highlights the importance of core self-evaluation and explains a possible process by which depositional mindfulness enhances Muslim students' mental well-being.
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Concerning the importance of psychological well-being (PWB) on physical and mental health, this study aimed at exploring the effective factor on PWB. A multiple mediation analysis was used to investigate whether mindfulness and the presence of meaning in life mediate the predictive relationship between loneliness and PWB. An eligible sample of 412 completed four questionnaires including the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, the short version of Ryff Scales of PWB, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS), and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Results demonstrated that loneliness led to a lower level of PWB by reducing mindfulness and the presence of meaning. Results also illustrated that the search for meaning could contribute to the model via contribution to the presence of meaning. It can be asserted that improving mindfulness traits and meaning in life can mitigate the disruptive effect of loneliness on PWB.
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Resilience has been conceptualised as a pathway through which mindfulness influences mental health. Despite a growing body of research evidence substantiating this claim, the empirical literature is devoid of support for this account in early adolescence. This study aimed to extend the evidence base by investigating resilience as a mediator in the putative cross-sectional relationship between mindfulness and positive mental health. One hundred twenty-nine elementary school students completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale for Children, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale–10, and Adolescent Mental Health Continuum-Short Form. Correlational analyses revealed small-to-moderate, statistically significant relationships between the variables. Mediation analysis demonstrated a statistically significant indirect effect of mindfulness on positive mental health through resilience. The findings provide preliminary support for the aforementioned conceptual model and have implications for innovative research in mindfulness.
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While forgivingness has been associated with health and psychosocial variables, previous cross-sectional studies could not address the temporal characteristics of their relationships. To overcome this limitation, the present study investigated longitudinally the antecedents and consequences of forgivingness, as well as the association of mood states and Big Five personality traits with forgivingness. We obtained complete data on forgivingness, Big Five personality traits, and moods across three waves of surveys over six years from 294 participants, and from more participants who completed only one or two waves. Structural equation modelling for the cross-lagged longitudinal analysis was applied, controlling for auto-correlations and effects of external variables. Our data revealed a weak link from conscientiousness to later forgivingness. More importantly, forgivingness predicted emotional stability, agreeableness and less negative moods longitudinally. Our findings challenged the previously-assumed causative roles of Big Five personality traits in forgivingness but corroborated the desirable predictive effects of being forgiving in developing more positive moods and personality characteristics.
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The processes of career development and forming a crystallized identity can be fraught with emotional turmoil. One multidimensional construct known to reduce emotional reactivity is dispositional mindfulness (DM). We used canonical correlation analysis to examine relationships involving measures of resources for establishing a vocational identity (Hirschi, 2012a) and facets of DM in emerging adults (134 women, 38 men). Observing, describing, and nonreactivity to inner experiences contributed uniquely to the first canonical function with career agency and occupational engagement. Observing, describing, and nonjudging contributed uniquely to the second function with occupational engagement and negative career outlook. These results shed light on key facets of DM that help emerging adults to effectively utilize emotion within the context of career‐life planning. Future research should examine relationships between DM facets and additional constructs subsumed within the career resources model. Counselors may find utility in understanding how clients conceptualize conscious emotional experience and use it in career‐life planning.
Article
Purpose The aim is to investigate what relationships exist between resilience and mindfulness in undergraduate nurse training and how these might contribute to well‐being. Design and Methods One hundred and six students participated in this cross‐sectional study. Multivariate and bivariate procedures were utilized to assess the differences between students' demographics, academic resilience, and mindfulness. Findings The findings suggested that acceptance and attention within mindfulness were important for resilience. Students who had higher levels of academic resilience also had higher indexes of mindfulness. Practice Implications A key implication is that learning and practice areas should ensure that well‐being, mindfulness, and resilience literacy are key issues for students in training. This is at a time when mental health support and staff retention are foremost in policymakers’ minds.
Chapter
Das Kapitel „Mindfulness-based Therapy: Achtsamkeit vermitteln“ erläutert die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Achtsamkeit in therapeutischen Kontexten und die Möglichkeit das Therapieziel „Wohlbefinden“ damit zu fördern. Achtsamkeit beschreibt die eigene Aufmerksamkeit absichtsvoll und nicht wertend auf das bewusste Erleben des augenblicklichen Moments zu richten. In therapeutischen Kontexten wird Achtsamkeit durch achtsamkeitsinformierte oder achtsamkeitsbasierte Ansätze vermittelt. „Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR)“ von Kabat-Zinn (1990) und „Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy for Depression (MBCT)” von Segal et al. (2002, 2013) werden als achtsamkeitsbasierte therapeutische Interventionen beschrieben, die Akzeptanz und Annahme als zentrale Therapieziele verarbeiten. Die konkrete Vermittlung von Achtsamkeit geschieht des Weiteren durch die therapeutische Haltung sowie durch formelle und informelle Achtsamkeitsübungen.
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Dispositional mindfulness (i.e., its trait-like and universal component) and the Big Five personality dimensions empirically overlap on both the aggregate and facet levels. This overlap is strongest for neuroticism and conscientiousness, two major correlates of mental health. Associations of dispositional mindfulness with mental health could thus be due to underlying personality configurations. We investigated the latent structure and the incremental validity of dispositional mindfulness and the Big Five in accounting for mental health (perceived stress, anxiety, depression) in a community sample of N = 430 adults. Facets of dispositional mindfulness and the Big Five (using aggregate-level measures for openness, extraversion, and agreeableness) shared a common latent structure, which successfully recovered the Big Five. The incremental validity of mindfulness facets for mental health was small and negligible, only increasing in analyses of manifest (vs. latent) scores and when using aggregate (vs. facet-level) measures of neuroticism and conscientiousness. Predictor commonality and dominance analyses corroborated that the concurrent validity of dispositional mindfulness for mental health largely is qualified by personality dimensions. Emphasized are definitional overlaps of personality and dispositional mindfulness, and present-moment awareness as a possibly unique feature of dispositional mindfulness.
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www.intensivelongitudinal.com : A complete, practical guide to planning and executing an intensive longitudinal study, this book provides the tools for understanding within-subject social, psychological, and physiological processes in everyday contexts. Intensive longitudinal studies involve many repeated measurements taken on individuals, dyads, or groups, and include diary and experience sampling studies. A range of engaging, worked-through research examples with datasets are featured. Coverage includes how to: select the best intensive longitudinal design for a particular research question, model within-subject change processes for continuous and categorical outcomes, distinguish within-subject from between-subjects effects, assess the reliability of within-subject changes, assure sufficient statistical power, and more. Several end-of-chapter write-ups illustrate effective ways to present study findings for publication. Datasets and output in SPSS, SAS, Mplus, HLM, MLwiN, and R for the examples are available on the companion website (www.intensivelongitudinal.com).
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Elaborating on our understanding of the construct of mindfulness is currently a priority as mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions proliferate (Bishop et al., 2004). Two studies examined the relationship between measures of everyday mindfulness, mindfulness during meditation, and the five-factor model per-sonality domains. These studies also investigated the effect of sitting meditation on mood. Two samples were largely nave to formal sitting meditation, and the third sample was screened for meditation experi-ence. The first study found that everyday mindfulness correlated positively with agreeableness and consci-entiousness, and correlated negatively with neuroticism. Little to no relationship was found between mindfulness during meditation and everyday mindfulness across all three samples. Changes in mood fol-lowing meditation varied across studies.
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The response styles theory (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991) was proposed to explain the insidious relationship between rumination and depression. We review the aspects of the response styles theory that have been well-supported, including evidence that rumination exacerbates depression, enhances negative thinking, impairs problem solving, interferes with instrumental behavior, and erodes social support. Next, we address contradictory and new findings. Specifically, rumination appears to more consistently predict the onset of depression rather than the duration, but rumination interacts with negative cognitive styles to predict the duration of depressive symptoms. Contrary to original predictions, the use of positive distractions has not consistently been correlated with lower levels of depressive symptoms in correlational studies, although dozens of experimental studies show positive distractions relieve depressed mood. Further, evidence now suggests that rumination is associated with psychopathologies in addition to depression, including anxiety, binge eating, binge drinking, and self-harm. We discuss the relationships between rumination and worry and between rumination and other coping or emotion-regulation strategies. Finally, we highlight recent research on the distinction between rumination and more adaptive forms of self-reflection, on basic cognitive deficits or biases in rumination, on its neural and genetic correlates, and on possible interventions to combat rumination. © 2008 Association for Psychological Science.
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Mindfulness is purposefully and nonjudgmentally paying attention to the present moment. The primary purpose of this study is to provide a more precise empirical estimate of the relationship between mindfulness and the Big Five personality traits as well as trait affect. Current research results present inconsistent or highly variable estimates of these relationships. Meta-analysis was used to synthesize findings from 32 samples in 29 studies. Results indicate that, although all of the traits display appreciable relationships with mindfulness, the strongest relationships are found with neuroticism, negative affect, and conscientiousness. Conscientiousness, in particular, is often ignored by mindfulness researchers; results here indicate it deserves stronger consideration. Although the results provide a clearer picture of how mindfulness relates to these traits, they also highlight the need to ensure an appropriate conceptualization and measurement of mindfulness.
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