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Phytochemical studies on the extract and essential oils of Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon)
Abstract and Figures
Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon) is a species of flowering plant within the family Asteraceae, commonly used as a dietary seasoning. During the present study, the plant was collected from Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines (IIIM Srinagar). Air dried shoots (room temperature 25-35C) were used to extract essential oil using Clevenger type apparatus for 3 h and analyzed. Thirty-four (34) compounds were identified using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Major constituents of the essential oil were trans-Anethole (28.06%), Z-β-ocimene (15.79%), -Terpenolene (10.12%), Elemecin (10.08%), 1, 8 cineole (7.71%) and -copaene (2.78%), etc. Comparing our results with those of other Artemisia species already published in the literature revealed considerable qualitative and quantitative similarity of the major constituents of the essential oils. As trans-Anethole is the major constituent, this chemo type may be useful for industrial exploitation as well as chemotaxonomic characterization.
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... The discussed species differ in terms of the composition of their essential oils. The most commonly found monoterpenoids are 1-terpineol, trans-piperitol, 1,8-cineole, and camphor in A. abrotanum [81,82,109]; thujyl alcohol esters, α-thujone, β-thujone, camphene, (Z)-epoxyocimene, trans-sabinyl acetate, and chrysantenyl acetate in A. absinthium [9,76]; camphene, camphor, β-pinene, borneol, and cuminal in A. annua [71,73,74,[90][91][92][93][94][95]; sabinene, terpinen-4-ol, β-ocimene, cis-ocimene, α-trans-ocimene, limonene, α-phellandrene, βphellandrene, (Z)-artemidin, and capillene in A. dracunculus [2,11,54,96,98,99,101,[144][145][146]; and 1,8-cineole, sabinene, camphor, camphene, caryophyllene oxide, α-thujone, and β-thujone in A. vulgaris [63,65,73,88,[104][105][106][107][108]147,148]. In addition to monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and diterpenoids are found in essential oils [9,11,33,54,55,57,65,73,74,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109]115,144,[149][150][151]. ...
... The most commonly found monoterpenoids are 1-terpineol, trans-piperitol, 1,8-cineole, and camphor in A. abrotanum [81,82,109]; thujyl alcohol esters, α-thujone, β-thujone, camphene, (Z)-epoxyocimene, trans-sabinyl acetate, and chrysantenyl acetate in A. absinthium [9,76]; camphene, camphor, β-pinene, borneol, and cuminal in A. annua [71,73,74,[90][91][92][93][94][95]; sabinene, terpinen-4-ol, β-ocimene, cis-ocimene, α-trans-ocimene, limonene, α-phellandrene, βphellandrene, (Z)-artemidin, and capillene in A. dracunculus [2,11,54,96,98,99,101,[144][145][146]; and 1,8-cineole, sabinene, camphor, camphene, caryophyllene oxide, α-thujone, and β-thujone in A. vulgaris [63,65,73,88,[104][105][106][107][108]147,148]. In addition to monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and diterpenoids are found in essential oils [9,11,33,54,55,57,65,73,74,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109]115,144,[149][150][151]. Phenylpropanoids are detected in the essential oils of A. abrotanum, A. absinthium, and A. dracunculus, among which estragole, elemicine, eugenol, and their derivatives are the most common [11,54,80,82,89,[97][98][99][100][101][102][103]109,115,144,149,150]. ...
... In addition to monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and diterpenoids are found in essential oils [9,11,33,54,55,57,65,73,74,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109]115,144,[149][150][151]. Phenylpropanoids are detected in the essential oils of A. abrotanum, A. absinthium, and A. dracunculus, among which estragole, elemicine, eugenol, and their derivatives are the most common [11,54,80,82,89,[97][98][99][100][101][102][103]109,115,144,149,150]. Moreover, triterpenoids and spiroterpenoids are reported in the essential oil of A. abrotanum [82,109], whereas triterpenoids alone are reported in A. dracunculus [54]. ...
Artemisia species play a vital role in traditional and contemporary medicine. Among them, Artemisia abrotanum, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia annua, Artemisia dracunculus, and Artemisia vulgaris are the most popular. The chemical composition and bioactivity of these species have been extensively studied. Studies on these species have confirmed their traditional applications and documented new pharmacological directions and their valuable and potential applications in cosmetology. Artemisia ssp. primarily contain sesquiterpenoid lactones, coumarins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Essential oils obtained from these species are of great biological importance. Extracts from Artemisia ssp. have been scientifically proven to exhibit, among others, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, cytotoxic, and digestion-stimulating activities. In addition, their application in cosmetic products is currently the subject of several studies. Essential oils or extracts from different parts of Artemisia ssp. have been characterized by antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Products with Artemisia extracts, essential oils, or individual compounds can be used on skin, hair, and nails. Artemisia products are also used as ingredients in skincare cosmetics, such as creams, shampoos, essences, serums, masks, lotions, and tonics. This review focuses especially on elucidating the importance of the most popular/important species of the Artemisia genus in the cosmetic industry.
... 25%), and elemicin (up to 57%) ( Figure 1). Other compounds present in the oil in concentrations greater than 10% are: terpinen-4-ol, β-ocimene, cis-ocimene, α-trans-ocimene, limonene and trans-anethole, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene (Z)-artemidin, capillene (Table 1) (Aglarova et al., 2008;Ayoughi et al., 2011;Obolskiy et al., 2011;Tak et al., 2014;Karimi et al., 2015;Abdollahnejad et al., 2016;Hassanzadeh et al., 2016;Joshi et al., 2016;Bedini et al., 2017;Sharopov et al., 2020). Phenylpropanoids (73.5%) constitute the main group of essential oil compounds. ...
... Phenylpropane derivatives Estragole (methylchavicol, p-allylanisole) Ayoughi et al. (2011), Obolskiy et al. (2011), Obistioiu et al. (2014, Tak et al. (2014), Karimi et al. (2015), Abdollahnejad et al. (2016) with other "green cabbages", or just with salt. As a spice, it restores the appetite, eaten with salad or meat (Syrennivs, 1613). ...
Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon), Asteraceae, is a species that has long been used in traditional Asian medicine, mainly in Iran, Pakistan, Azerbaijan and India. It is known as a spice species in Asia, Europe and the Americas. The raw materials obtained from this species are herb and leaf. The presence of essential oil with a highly variable composition, as well as flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins and alkamides, determines the medicinal and/or spice properties of the plant. In traditional Asian medicine, this species is used, for example, in the treatment of digestive system diseases, as an analgesic, hypnotic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent, and as an effective remedy in the treatment of helminthiasis. Nowadays, A. dracunculus is the subject of professional phytochemical and pharmacological researches. Pharmacological studies have confirmed its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects known from traditional uses; they have also proved very important new findings regarding its biological activity, such as antioxidant, immunomodulating and anti-tumour activities, as well as hepatoprotective and hypoglycaemic effects. A. dracunculus has long-held an established position in the food industry as a spice. And its use is growing in the cosmetics industry. Moreover, it is the subject of biotechnological research focused mainly on the development of micro-propagation protocols.
... [18][19][20][21] Of these, phenols are one of the countless general classes of naturally occurring vegetal metabolites; we presently know over 8,000 phenolic forms. [22][23][24][25][26] A. dracunculus L. is rich in essential oils rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, sterols, fatty acids, alkamides and other valuable compounds that make tarra- ...
The chemical composition, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Artemisia dracunculus L. leaves were examined through the utilization of four solvents for extraction. These solvents included ultrapure water, ethanol, methanol and acetic acid. The values reached for total polyphenols were between 77.2 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g for the acetic acid extracts and 192.1 mg GAE/g for the methanolic extracts. The total flavonoids were identified at 46.4 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g for the acetic acid extracts and 126.4 mg QE/g for the methanolic extracts. The IC50 antioxidant capacity values determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method were between 14.66 μg/mL (acetic acid extracts) and 20.33 μg/mL (methanolic extracts). 23 phenolic compounds were identified using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The methanolic and the aqueous extracts have on very good antibacterial activity on the Staphylococcus aureus 231 and Enterococcus faecalis 428 strains. A. dracunculus L. leaf extracts are rich in a diverse range of valuable active chemical and biological compounds.
... It is also used for medicinal purposes [4]. The essential fatty acids [5][6][7] phenolic compounds, flavonoids [8] carotenoids [9], tannins [10], and mineral compounds [11] in the tarragon plant were suitably used for therapeutic purposes. ...
The study aims to investigated the antioxidant activities, phenolic compounds, acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhbition and cytotoxic effects of two different of Artemisia spp. (Artemisia dracunculus L. and Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh) cultivated in Turkey organically, for the first time. Total phenolic, total flavonoid contents of the plants determined spectrophotometrically while antioxidant activity DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP was determined using colorimetric method. And also acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activity and anti-cancer activity in-vitro aganist human melanoma (VMM917, CRL-3232), lung carcinoma (A549, CCL-185) and, normal human fibroblast (hGF, PCS-201-018) cells were studied. Total phenolic (225-324 mgGAE/g sample) and total flavonoid contents (0.066-0.085 mgQAE/g sample), antioxidant activity (DPPH (1.371-1.655 mg/mL), CUPRAC (0.246-0.344 µM CTEAC) and FRAP (462.133-726.661 µM CTEAC)). A. dracunculus and A. dracunculoides extracts inhibited 40.09±0.65%, and 39.48±3.68% of acetylcholinesterase activity. It was determined that demonstrated the selective effect of A. dracunculus and A. dracunculoides on the cytotoxicity of A549 and hGF cells.
... This compound was first isolated from avocado rind (Persea gratissima Garth). It is the main compound of tarragon oil (Artemisia dracunculus L.), and its presence in a proportion of 60-75% can be the cause of the allelopathic activity of this species [23,24]. If released to the soil, estragole is expected to have low mobility. ...
A large number of studies of Cistus ladanifer highlight this Mediterranean shrub as a source of the phenolic compounds responsible for the allelopathic potential of this species. There are few phenolic compounds present in C. ladanifer that have not yet been studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the activity of estragole and 2-isopropylphenol on filter paper and soil on monocotyledons (Allium cepa) and dicotyledons (Lactuca sativa). The results showed that when the test was carried out on paper, the germination and the growth of the L. sativa was strongly inhibited by 2 isopropylphenol and estragole. 2 isopropylphenol showed an IC50 on the germination of 0.7 mM and 0.1 mM on the germination rate, 0.4 mM on the size of radicle and 0.3 mM on the size of hypocotyl. Estragole showed an IC50 on the germination rate of 1.5 mM and 1.1 mM on the size of hypocotyl. The effects of these pure compounds on A. cepa were lower, and when the assays were performed on the soil, they were dissipated. The mixture of these compounds on A. cepa had 0.6 mM IC50 for the length hypocotyl on paper and 1.1 mM for the length of the radicle on soil. The mixture on L. sativa also inhibited the length of the radicle with an IC50 of 0.6 mM. On the other hand, it was also observed that estragole stimulated the growth of the A. cepa radicle length on soil, showing a hormetic effect with an EC50 of 0.1 mM. In conclusion, it can be said that for a species to be allelopathic in nature, it is essential to verify the effect of its possible allelochemicals on the target species, on the soil in which they will exert their action and at the concentrations found in their usual environment, in addition to taking into account the interaction with other compounds present in the medium.
... Bu bileşenler bölgelerin ekolojik durumuna göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Farklı coğrafik bölgelerde yapılan çalışmalarda tarhun bitkisinde en sık rastlanan bileşenler; estragol, elemisin, metil öjenol ve terpinolen olmuştur (Lamian, Badi, Mehrafarin and Seifsahandi, 2017;Tak, Mohiuddin, Ganai, Chishti, Ahmad and Dar, 2014;Wierdak and Zaviślak, 2014 ...
Özet: Bu çalışma; siklofosfamid (CP) tarafından indüklenen genotoksisiteye karşı, tarhun (Artemisia dracunculus L.) yaprak ekstraktının olası koruyucu etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada her bir grupta 8 hayvan olacak şekilde toplam 6 grup oluşturuldu. Bu gruplar; I. grup: negatif kontrol grubu, II. grup: pozitif kontrol grubu (50 mg/kg, i.p. CP), III. grup: 75 mg/kg tarhun yaprak ekstraktı grubu, IV. grup: 150 mg/kg tarhun yaprak ekstraktı grubu, V. grup: 75 mg/kg tarhun yaprak ekstraktı + CP (50 mg/kg, i.p.) grubu, VI. grup: 150 mg/kg tarhun yaprak ekstraktı + CP (50 mg/kg, i.p.) grubu şeklindedir. 14 gün boyunca tarhun yaprak ekstraktı oral gavaj yol ile farelere verildi. Fareler disloke edilmeden 24 saat önce (15. gün) intraperitonal olarak siklofosfamid enjekte edildi. Disloke edilen farelerin kemik iliği hücrelerinde mikronükleus testi yapılarak, mikronükleus oranları tayin edildi. Çalışma sonunda; mikronükleus sayılarının istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmesi neticesinde negatif kontrol grubu ile kıyaslama yapıldığında, CP uygulanan grubun MN sayısının negatif kontrol grubuna göre artış gösterdiği belirlenmiş (p
This study evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles containing Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch. essential oil synthesized using a green method. The analyses were conducted with three replications using a completely randomized methodology. The means were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test at a significance level of 5% using SPSS version 22 statistical software. In the microbial test, the antimicrobial property of zinc oxide nanoparticles with cumin essential oil was significantly higher than that of B. persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch. essential oil in both disc diffusion and microbroth dilution methods (p < 0.05). In addition, zinc oxide nanoparticles with B. persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch. essential oil had the most significant effect on Candida Albicans yeast, then on the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and finally on the gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. Zinc oxide nanoparticles combined with B. persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch. essential oil showed a better result than B. persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch. essential oil in measuring the amount of total phenolic compounds (p < 0.05). In the test of particle size and dispersion index, there was a significant difference in the samples (p < 0.05). The lowest particle size and particle size dispersion index were related to the sample of zinc oxide nanoparticles with B. persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch. essential oil.
Introduction
Throughout history, medicinal plants have been used as essential for humans treatment. The antibacterial applications of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) in phytotherapy will be covered in this review study. Despite the advancements in pharmaceuticals, herbal remedies continue to be vital, especially in areas where access to modern therapy is limited. In addition, the antibacterial qualities of Tarragon plant extracts and their innovative extraction techniques are described in this review article.
Methods
A thorough examination of the literature looked at the chemical composition, historical uses, and modern extraction techniques of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus). The extraction techniques, such as the IS-R-DLLME, UAE, DES, and PLE, and the methosds of review analysis the antibacterial properties of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) extracts against dangerous microbes.
Results
Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria can be effectively resistant by Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) essential oils and extracts. Also the primary bioactive components were limonene, methyl eugenol, and estragole. The yield and purity of bioactive components were enhanced by novel extraction techniques such as IS-R-DLLME and UAE. At minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Therefore, the essential oils demonstrated strong antibacterial action against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Discussion/Conclusions
The Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) plant may be regarded as a potent natural antibacterial agent, especially for antibiotic-resistant illnesses. By combining traditional botanical knowledge with contemporary extraction methods, new medicinal compounds can be created. This study highlighted the need to explore the synergistic effects of tarragon's bioactive components and improve extraction methods in order to optimize therapeutic advantages. Ultimately, Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) may help antibiotic resistance and microbial illnesses.
The current study aimed to evaluate the presence of chemical variations in essential oils (EOs) extracted from Artemisia scoparia growing at different altitudes and to reveal their antibacterial, mosquito larvicidal, and repellent activity. The gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of A. scoparia EOs revealed that the major compounds were capillene (9.6–31.8%), methyleugenol (0.2–26.6%), β-myrcene (1.9–21.4%), γ-terpinene (1.5–19.4%), trans-β-caryophyllene (0.8–12.4%), and eugenol (0.1–9.1%). The EO of A. scoparia collected from the city of Attock at low elevation was the most active against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentration of 156–1250 µg/mL) and showed the best mosquito larvicidal activity (LC50, 55.3 mg/L). The EOs of A. scoparia collected from the high-altitude areas of Abbottabad and Swat were the most repellent for females of Ae. aegypti and exhibited repellency for 120 min and 165 min, respectively. The results of the study reveal that different climatic conditions and altitudes have significant effects on the chemical compositions and the biological activity of essential oils extracted from the same species.
1 БУ ВО Сургутский государственный университет, Сургут, Россия 2 Институт химии растительных веществ им. акад. С. Ю. Юнусова АН РУз, Ташкент, Узбекистан Е-mail: mulyukin_ma@mail.ru В настоящей работе получены данные о компонентном составе эфирного масла Artemisia dracunculus L. (эстрагон или тархун, сорт Гудвин), выращенного в условиях гидропоники под белым и цветным светодиодным освещением. Сбор лекарственного растительного сырья проводили в начале цветения до плодоношения, так как в этот период фитомасса накапливает максимальное количество биологически активных веществ. Для контроля были взяты образцы растений, произрастающих в условиях открытого грунта на территории Ботанического сада г. Сургута. Методом гидродистилляции из воздушно-сухой надземной части лекарственного растения Artemisia dracunculus L., выращенного в условиях светокультуры, получено эфирное масло. Методом ГХ-МС в составе эфирного масла из надземной фитомассы растений открытого грунта идентифицировано 28 соединений, тогда как в составе эфирного масла из образцов, выращенных под белыми и цветными фитолампами, обнаружено 17 и 20 веществ, что составляет 98,0; 99,3 и 99,6 % от общего количества эфирного масла соответственно. Главными компонентами эфирного масла надземной части эстрагона, выращенного как в открытом грунте, так и в условиях гидропоники, являются тимол (3,2-26,4 %), метилэвгенол (21,2-47,4 %), элемицин (15,1-28,8 %) и изоэлемицин (7,2-30,0 %). В составе эфирного масла из воздушно-сухого сырья эстрагона обнаружены также метилизоэвгенол (3,5 %), карвакрол (3,1 %), спатуленол (2,5 %), гермакрен-D (1,6 %) и другие соединения. Следует отметить, что компонентный химический состав эфирного масла эстрагона, произрастающего в условиях светокультуры и открытого грунта, варьирует в зависимости от условий произрастания. Освещение цветными лампами способствовало увеличению накопления метилэвгенола в 1,6 раза, тимола в 3,5 раза, терпинен-4-ола в 2 раза по сравнению с составом эфирного масла, полученного из открытого грунта. В то же время освещение белыми лампами было эффективным в отношении накопления изоэлемицина-в 1,2 раза, карвакрола в 2 раза, тимола в 8 раз, по сравнению с открытым грунтом. Ключевые слова: Artemisia dracunculus L., эфирное масло, ГХ-МС, лекарственные растения, гидропоника. ВВЕДЕНИЕ Artemisia dracunculus L. (эстрагон или тархун)-многолетнее травянистое растение, относится к семейству астровые (Asteraceae). Данная культура обладает приятным пряным ароматом. В фармакологических целях используют надземную фитомассу эстрагона. Сбор лекарственного растительного сырья проводят в начале
The essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus L. of Cuban origin has been analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-two compounds were identified, of which elemicin (53.0%) and methyl eugenol (17.6%) were the major constituents.
The volatile oil of Artemisia dracunculus L. var. dracunculus grown in Oregon was obtained by steam distillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The chemical composition of the oil was very different than the typical oil of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L. var. sativa), with very little (0.1%) methyl chavicol detected. The main components found were terpinolene (25.4%) and (Z)-β-ocimene (22.2%). Perhaps the most interesting characteristic of the oil was the presence of two unusual and rarely occurring alkynes, 5-phenyl-1, 3-pentadiyne (11.7%) and 6-phenyl-2, 4-hexadiyne (also known as capillene) (4.8%)
Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon) is an important species of Asteraceae. Plants were collected at flowering
stage from naturally growing population of Shansha (Himachal Pradesh), North-West Himalaya,
India. Air dried shoots (room temperature 25–35 ◦C) were used to extract essential oil using Clevengertype
apparatus for 3 h and analyzed. Twenty-four compounds were identified using GC-FID and GC–MS
analysis. Major constituent of essential oil was capillene (58.38%), whereas other constituents were Z-�-
ocimene (8.63%), �-phellandrene (7.03%), terpinenolene (5.87%), camphene (4.16%), spathulenol (2.02%),
�-pinene (1.02%), etc. Chemical composition of essential oil is described and compared with earlier studies.
The population is categorized as chemotype of A. dracunculus. As capillene is major constituents, this
chemotype may be useful for industrial exploitation as well as chemotaxonomic characterization.
The composition of the essential oils of Artemisia santolina Schrenk and Artemisia gypsacea Krasch., M. Pop. et Lincz. ex Poljak. have been analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The volatile oil of A. santolina was found to contain: lavandulol (37.2%), 1,8-cineole (15.9%), linalool (13.6%) and lavandulyl acetate (9.5%) as major constituents. The oil of A. gypsacea was characterized by higher amounts of 1,8-cineole (36.5%), β-thujone (28.4%) and α-thujone (8.9%).