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Maintain or develop new relationships? Gender differences in Facebook use
... Besides, females would like to use SNSs to contact with their old friends, getting information and for their work higher than males in China. According to Barker (2009) and Sheldon (2009), females tend to use SNSs for building and strengthening relationships and males are more concerned with finding new relations and friends. Sharma and Verma (2015) also suggested that need for networking to use SNSs is stronger in males than females but there are no significant differences for all remaining motives for Indian SNSs users: information exchange, entertainment, expression and social acceptance. ...
... Sharing photos, crating of content such as texts, images, tapes and videos Information sharing (Baek et al., 2011), information seeking (Whiting & Williams, 2013), information exchange (Sharma & Verma, 2015), information (Klian, Hennigs, & Langner, 2012) Information seeking Getting new ideas, learning about unknown things, finding out about society and the world, finding information about deals, sales, or products, finding information on events and parties Sociability (Quan-Haase & Young, 2010), Virtual community (Sheldon, 2009), social networking (Sharma & Verma, 2015), ...
... , self-status seeking(Park, Kee, & Valenzuela, 2009), self-identity (Klian et a., 2012) Status seeking Creating social identity, getting involved in online environment, reinforcement for personal values, providing information about themselves Entertainment (Baek et al., 2011; Whiting & Williams, 2013; Klian et al., 2012), Pempek et al., 2009), (Sheldon, 2009), fun (Smock et al., 2011), entertainment fit (Sharma & Verma, 2015), passing time (Hollenbaugh and Ferris, 2014), leisure (Xu et al., 2012), perceived enjoyment (Calisir, Atahan, & Saracoglu, 2013), enjoyment (Lin & Lu, 2011) Entertainment Relaxation, escaping from problems, filling or passing time, having fun, to relieve stress, playing gamesCommunication(Pempek et al., 2009), relationship maintenance(Sheldon, 2009), social connection(Alhabash et al., 2012), social integration(Klian et al., 2012) Communication Maintaining relationship with people, reconnecting with people, connecting with family, friends, and society ...
Millions of people around the world use social network sites (SNSs). SNSs have caused a new way of
interaction among people. In this respect, it is important to understand the SNSs users' activities and also
it is substantial to explain the main reasons behind the SNSs usage. This paper investigates key factors
determining social network site usage and characteristics of SNSs users. A sample of 1393 SNSs users
from Izmir which is the third biggest city of Turkey were surveyed. Results revealed that there are seven
factors - business oriented, create, socializing, entertainment, status seeking, communication, and information
seeking - behind the SNSs usage motivation. Besides this, cluster analysis has been conducted
to explore the SNSs users’ characteristics and four groups - advanced users, business-oriented users,
communication seekers, and dawdlers - were identified. Additional analyses conceived that people in
different clusters show contrasts about their SNSs usage motivations and these differences are statistically
significant. Motives behind SNS usage, clusters with their characteristics and differences among
clusters are discussed
... "Checking Facebook" can become "deeply integrated in users' daily lives through specific routines and rituals" (Debatin, Lovejoy, Horn, & Hughes, 2009, p. 83). According to one survey of college students, 81% of Facebook users log on to the site on any given day (Sheldon, 2009) and they spend an average of 49 minutes per day on the website. Additionally, the site is synced with other social networking sites such as Twitter and Instagram so that users can post content simultaneously to multiple sites. ...
... As Garcia-Gomez (2011) noted, sexuality is one aspect of identity; she reported that female teenagers discursively construct sexuality on Facebook primarily via language used when relating to other girls. Observing the identity disclosure of other users can reduce uncertainty by allowing insight into potential responses, attitudes, and behaviors in future interactions (Sheldon, 2009). Researchers describe the users' payoff for self-disclosure in identity presentations as potential gain in "social capital" or the making of connections with potential "pay off" (Aubrey & Rill, 2013;Ellison et al., 2007;Jiang & de Bruijn, 2014). ...
... College women received and accepted more friendship requests than men (Acar, 2008). College men reported using Facebook to locate and initiate relationships with potential dating partners, whereas college women reported using Facebook to maintain existing relationships (Sheldon, 2009). Among college students, both men and women were more likely to initiate Facebook friendships with opposite-sex users with attractive versus unattractive profile pictures (Wang, Moon, Kwon, Evans, & Stefanone, 2010). ...
Using Performance Theory as an explanatory basis, this essay explicates the performance of gender in social media beginning with the gendered history of digital technologies and an articulation of the social media venues' unique affordances for gender performance. Then, the chapter reviews the scientific research examining gendered online behavior in social media noting opportunities for enacting traditional sex role stereotypes and thus socializing others to do so as well as opportunities to enact equality and thus disseminating calls for liberation and increased equality between the sexes in all aspects of social life. Facebook, blogs, and online games are examined in detail as exemplars of specific social media cites of gender performance. © 2016, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.
... After surveying a sample of university students from the USA, these authors reported that the primary motivations for Facebook and MySpace use was to form and maintain social connections. Since that time, numerous studies have reinforced the importance of relationship maintenance as a key reason for Facebook use (e.g., Joinson, 2008;Sheldon 2008Sheldon , 2009Valentine, 2012). Indeed, Kuss and Griffiths (2011) argue that relationship maintenance is the main motivator for all SNS use. ...
... Of the studies presented in Table 1, five examined the association between gender and uses and gratifications of Facebook (Hunt, Atkin & Krishnan, 2012;Joinson, 2008;Sheldon, 2009;Spiliotopoulos & Oakley, 2013;Teppers et al., 2014). In all of these studies, women were more likely than men to use Facebook for connecting with existing contacts. ...
... In all of these studies, women were more likely than men to use Facebook for connecting with existing contacts. In contrast, Sheldon (2009) found that men were more likely than women to be motivated by making new friends or forming new romantic relationships on Facebook. Although Facebook has changed since Sheldon's study was published, a recent study by Spiliotopoulos and Oakley (2013) also found that men prefer to use Facebook to engage in social network browsing. ...
Background and aims: Recent research suggests that use of social networking sites can be addictive for some individuals. Due to the link between motivations for media use and the development of addiction, this systematic review examines Facebook-related uses and gratifications research and Facebook addiction research.
Method: Searches of a large academic database revealed 23 studies examining the uses and gratifications of Facebook, and nine studies of Facebook addiction.
Results: Comparison of uses and gratifications research reveals that the most popular motives for Facebook use are relationship maintenance, passing time, entertainment, and companionship. These motivations may be related to Facebook addiction through use that is habitual, excessive, or motivated by a desire for mood alteration. Examination of Facebook addiction research indicates that Facebook use can become habitual or excessive, and some addicts use the site to escape from negative moods. However, examination of Facebook addiction measures highlights inconsistency in the field.
Discussion: There is some evidence to support the argument that uses and gratifications of Facebook are linked with Facebook addiction. Furthermore, it appears as if the social skill model of addiction may explain Facebook addiction, but inconsistency in the measurement of this condition limits the ability to provide conclusive arguments.
Conclusions: This paper recommends that further research be performed to establish the links between uses and gratifications and Facebook addiction. Furthermore, in order to enhance the construct validity of Facebook addiction, researchers should take a more systematic approach to assessment.
... It is known that the social expectations of the different genders are negotiated through differences in their linguistic behaviour (Eckert & McConnell-Ginet 2003;Coates 2004). Various studies have found that gender is one of the variables worth investigating when studying language use in Facebook (Baron 2008;Sheldon 2009). These studies found correlations between gender and Facebook language use. ...
... These studies found correlations between gender and Facebook language use. For example, Sheldon (2009) found that women use Facebook to maintain existing friendships, while men more often use the social network to start new relationships. ...
This study investigates language use by Bruneians on Facebook in terms of relational maintenance strategies, the correlations between gender and code choice, the use of emotive language and emoticons, and non-standardised orthographic forms. A total of 240 Facebook status updates by undergraduates of Universiti Brunei Darussalam were examined. The results show that undergraduates use different categories of maintenance strategies in order to maintain relationships with other users through Facebook status updates, and that gender influences the existence and frequency of a number of linguistic variables in such updates. Women within the sample code-switch more than men, whereas men use a single code more than women. Women use more emotive language and more emoticons on Facebook more than men do, whilst men use more non-standardised orthographic forms than women. The implications of these results are discussed.
... Rogers (2003) notes that males typically are earlier to adopt a broad range of innovations, including online services. These gender gaps in adoption have leveled over time, however, with recent work suggesting that women make greater use of functionally similar social media (e.g., Sheldon, 2008;Sheldon, 2009). Research examining gender differences on Facebook found females used the social networking site more than males to maintain relationships, for entertainment, and to pass time (Sheldon, 2009). ...
... These gender gaps in adoption have leveled over time, however, with recent work suggesting that women make greater use of functionally similar social media (e.g., Sheldon, 2008;Sheldon, 2009). Research examining gender differences on Facebook found females used the social networking site more than males to maintain relationships, for entertainment, and to pass time (Sheldon, 2009). Another study revealed that female gender predicted use of social media for interpersonal and entertainment motives, as well as the use of interactive features (Hunt, Atkin, & Krishnan, 2012). ...
... On an individual level, however, research showed that attitudes to social media use are influenced by the experience of positive outcomes that people achieve through the following uses: establishing new and maintaining old relationships [86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94], passing time, finding escape, being entertained [95,96], seeking social support, identifying with a group, enhancing self-status [97][98][99][100], and choosing products and services based on online feedback [101][102][103]. Lien and Cao's [104] study of 264 users of Chinese social media and messaging platform WeChat concluded that entertainment, sociality, and ability to find useful information positively predicted users' attitudes and trust in the platform and their willingness to engage in sharing online content. ...
Few research studies have examined the impact of government policies toward social media on individuals’ attitudes to social media use, particularly when these policies aim to denounce and control social media platforms, as was the case in Turkey in 2013–2016. A conceptual model, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 2005) [1], was proposed to investigate the mediating role of awareness of government policies, degree of political involvement, online trust, and the moderating role of party identification in predicting the attitudes to social media use. Data were collected through a survey of 653 social media users in Istanbul, Turkey (mean age = 31.76, SD = 10.96; 40 % women, 83 % Turkish ethnicity) in September 2015. Using PLS-SEM modelling, the awareness of government policies, the degree of political involvement, and the online trust were found to partially mediate the relationship between the frequency of social media use and the attitudes to social media use for the users of Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram, while the moderating role of party identification was not significant in this model. The results provide additional support for the role of social context and past behaviors in predicting the attitudes and future intentions in the use of digital communication technologies.
... El consumo de la información se ha convertido en una experiencia social (Tejedor et al., 2018), mientras que los contenidos informativos se han transformado en piezas portátiles, personalizadas y participativas (Matsa y Mitchell, 2014). Autores como Shao (2009), Sheldon (2009, Quan-Hasse, A. y Young (2010), Papacharissi y Mendelson (2011), Lin y Lu (2011), Cheung et al. (2011), Baek et al. (2011) o Ruano et al. (2016, entre otros, han destacado la importancia que los jóvenes confieren a las redes sociales para crear vínculos con usuarios con intereses afines (homofilia). Diversos estudios han incidido en la facilidad para compartir los contenidos con otros internautas (Alhabash et al., 2012;Sharma y Verma, 2015;Chung et al., 2016), el fácil acceso a numerosos recursos y cuentas (Martínez y Ferraz, 2016), y la autonomía para definir una dieta informativa propia (Kurtulus y Ozkan, 2015). ...
El populismo ha experimentado un crecimiento preocupante en la última década en diferentes enclaves del planeta. Este proceso, de cariz globalizador, se ha visto potenciado por las características de inmendiatez, interacción y participación de las redes sociales, los cibermedios y otras plataformas digitales. En este contexto, la percepción que la juventud confiere a este tipo de fenómenos constituye un campo de estudio de gran interés para las Ciencias Sociales. Partiendo de ello, esta investigación examina las correlaciones entre las actitudes populistas, la percepción de la opinión pública y las opiniones sobre los medios de comunicación en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Comunicación de Colombia y España. Metodología: A partir de un enfoque exploratorio-correlacional y un diseño cuantitativo sobre una adaptación del instrumento de Schultz, Wirth y Müller (2020), la presente investigación ha analizado las reflexiones y las prioridades de un grupo de n=499 estudiantes de grados y postgrados afines a Ciencias de la Comunicación de Colombia y España. Conclusiones: El estudio ha corroborado el papel protagónico que desempeñan las redes sociales en la formación de opiniones radicales, al tiempo que detecta una caída del influjo de la televisión entre el público joven. Además, el trabajo establece que el índice de percepción de la opinión pública resulta mayor en España, mientras que el de percepción mediática o el de actitudes anti-elitistas son superiores en Colombia. Se concluye que la media literacy es una estrategia crucial frente al crecimiento y expansión del populismo.
... Barker (2009) argued that women, more likely than men, use social media for relational maintenance, while men, more likely than women, are interested in information seeking and learning. In support of this view, several studies have shown that women use Facebook for maintaining relationships, entertainment, and pastime, more often than men (Sheldon's, 2008(Sheldon's, , 2009Jin et al., 2017). ...
This study aimed to identify the motives for social media sites use in the general population and determine what personality traits (normal and maladaptive) predict different motives for social media sites use. Another objective was to analyze which motives for SMSs use are related to well-being. The sample consisted of 420 subjects (211 men, 209 women), mean age 40.29 years ( SD = 14.93). Data were gathered using the Big Five Inventory, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form -Adult, the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, and a scale designed ad hoc to evaluate the motives for social media sites use. The results showed that the most frequent motives were Personal relationship maintenance/Search for information, Pastime/Exhibitionism, and Search for companionship. In addition, it was found that normal and, especially, maladaptive personality traits increased the explained variance for the three motives for social media sites use, beyond age and gender. Predictors of relationship initiation and pastime/exhibitionism motives were related to more negative features (e.g., antagonism and disinhibition) than predictors of personal relationship maintenance/search for information. Finally, personal relationship maintenance/search for information was positively related to all the components of well-being, while the other motives for social media sites use were negatively associated with well-being.
... and interconnectedness among sets of friends), women seem to judge loneliness with regard to the dyadic quality of interpersonal relationships (Stokes & Levin, 1986). As women also report using Internet services, including Facebook, more for relationship maintenance and interpersonal communication (Mazman & Usluel, 2011;Muscanell & Guadagno, 2012;P. Sheldon, 2009;Weiser, 2000), the nature of their loneliness experience (potentially resulting from a lack of dyadic intimacy in a given situation) might be targeted more readily by Facebook and its manifold opportunities to contact, browse or otherwise interact with (dyadic) friend profiles. Confirmation of this view is found in indications of a great ...
Previous empirical evidence has shown that the psychological experience of loneliness is associated with increased levels of media use, indicative of a remedial attempt to cope with the aversive psychological experience. Since social media have been shown to provide users with many different ways of meeting their interpersonal needs, the present study investigates the occurrence of such loneliness-associated uses of the social network site Facebook within the context of everyday life. Adopting an experience sampling methodology (ESM), a sample of 65 participants was recruited from a local university and was followed for a study period of two weeks. Subjects were requested to assess their emotional state and the level of Facebook use several times a day using a fixed interval assessment schedule. Statistical analyses using multilevel analysis indicated that state feelings of loneliness were predictive of a subsequent increase in Facebook use. Moreover, the size of this effect varied across persons and was shown to be highly contingent upon several psychosocial traits, including gender, social insecurity, Facebook addiction and cross-situational levels of (trait) loneliness. These findings of person-dependent, emotion regulatory uses of social media services such as Facebook may be of relevance for understanding both adaptive and maladaptive uses of online technology. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed and several recommendations for future studies made.
... Ryan et al., 2014). Numerous studies have emphasized relationship maintenance as a key reason for Facebook use (Joinson, 2008;Sheldon, 2009;Valentine, 2012) as well as for all SNS use (Kuss & Griffiths, 2011). In line with this, studies show that Facebook addiction is related to poor social functioning, e.g. ...
Facebook addiction has been suggested as a potential behavioral addiction emerging from the framework of the theory and research on social networking sites addiction and Internet addiction. Previous studies showed that Facebook addiction is related to specific personality traits and well-being. However, there is still a scarcity of studies showing the relative contribution of different personality characteristics to Facebook addiction within an integrated model. In addition, few studies have investigated the unique contribution of Facebook addiction in terms of explaining different facets of well-being above and beyond personality characteristics previously shown to be related to psychosocial functioning. The present study demonstrates validation of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) in the sample of Polish students and a tentative integrated model of potential Facebook addiction personality risk factors. BFAS was administered to 1157 students. In addition, participants were asked about demographic variables, and personality traits (Big Five, self-esteem, self-efficacy, narcissism), loneliness, social anxiety, and well-being indicators were measured. BFAS had acceptable fit with the data and demonstrated good reliability. The investigated model showed that Facebook addiction was related to higher extraversion, narcissism, loneliness, social anxiety, and lower general self-efficacy. Facebook addiction was further related to impoverished well-being (impaired general health, decreased sleep quality, and higher perceived stress), which is congruent with previous findings.
... Children go online to engage in communication with their social networks of family, friends and peers (Davis, 2009;Sheldon, 2009;Livingstone, Haddon, Görzig, and Ólafsson, 2011a++;boyd, 2014). Online technologies continue to develop to make such communication easier and more varied than it has ever been. ...
... Barker (2009) argued that females are more likely than males to use social media for relational maintenance, while males are more interested in information seeking and learning than females. In support of that view, Sheldon's (2008Sheldon's ( , 2009) studies showed that females use Facebook more than males for maintaining relationships, for entertainment, and for passing time. ...
How to engage stakeholders effectively with different social media platforms is an important topic in strategic communication research. Grounded in uses and gratifications theory, consumption emotion theory, and temporal orientation framework, this study conducted an online survey among social media users in the United States (N = 940) to examine how individuals’ motivations, emotions, and temporal orientations in social media use might differ by multi-platform usage groups (i.e., Facebook+Instagram users vs. Facebook+Pinterset users). Our findings indicate that Facebook+Instagram users focus more on self-status seeking and entertainment, while Facebook+Pinterest users are more information-seeking driven and future-oriented. In addition, more optimism is detected among Facebook+Pinterest users. Implications for strategic communication theory development as well as insights for organization-stakeholder engagement on social media are discussed.
... Both males and females use Facebook but their aims and the methods employed are different. According to Sheldon (2009) females and males basically follow two different ways in using Facebook: "Females used Facebook to maintain their relationships, to be entertained, and to pass time. Males, on the other hand, used Facebook to develop new relationships" (p. ...
... In the context of previous research into gender differences in the use of social networking sites, this finding is not surprising. Women are more likely than men to use Facebook to maintain existing relationships (Sheldon, 2009) and feel they can express their feelings more easily on Facebook (Thompson & Lougheed, 2012). Further research might examine the relationship between gender and preoccupation with posting status updates. ...
Empirical research has emerged that supports the existence of Facebook addiction. However, most studies have methodological limitations. In particular, the assessment of Facebook addiction is often varied and unjustified, which compromises construct validity. The purpose of the current study is to perform a qualitative exploration of Facebook addiction using seven core symptoms of Internet addiction (negative consequences, loss of control, online social enhancement, preoccupation, mood alteration, withdrawal, and excessive use) as a foundation. Participants were 417 self-identified excessive Facebook users (131 male, 286 female) aged between 18 and 80 (X = 31.57, SD = 9.33). All participants were recruited from Facebook and online discussion boards. Data were collected using open-ended online survey questions. Thematic analysis of the responses has provided preliminary support for the existence of seven core symptoms of Internet addiction among excessive Facebook users. This study is among the first to conduct an in-depth qualitative exploration of Facebook addiction using a sample of Facebook users. The findings have helped move Facebook addiction research closer towards construct validity, which will allow for more focused research in this area.
... The reasons to use SNS vary according to demographical characteristics. Sheldon (2009) used gender differences and concluded that females were using SNS to maintain existing relationships, while males tended to use it as a dating tool and to establish relationships in general. Pfeil et al. (2009), on the other hand, explored differences between older people (over 60 years of age) and teenagers. They found that teens have ...
... Both males and females use Facebook but their aims and the methods employed are different. According to Sheldon (2009) females and males basically follow two different ways in using Facebook: "Females used Facebook to maintain their relationships, to be entertained, and to pass time. Males, on the other hand, used Facebook to develop new relationships" (p. ...
Social media have changed our lives in many ways. The traditional media are no longer the only avenue we have to follow to get or share information. Facebook which is the most famous one of the social media networks has 1.06 billion monthly active users as of 2013, January 01. Since its establishment in 2004, a number of studies were conducted on Facebook. Some of them searched for the reasons that motivate university students to use Facebook. Several studies discussed how the gender differences affect university students in using Facebook. And some other works tried to analyze how Facebook use affects the behaviours of university students. Facebook, as the super highway of social media avenues, affects its users one way or another. Especially the youth who see Facebook as a natural part of their daily lives feel this effect much stronger than comparing with the old generation who are not frequent Facebook users. Some studies argue that Facebook use has positive effects on individuals, on the contrary, according to some other studies Facebook use has negative effects. The aim of this study is to find out the relationship between the Facebook use and the personality traits of university students.
... The structural model can be viewed as a series of five blocks-personality traits, social and communication influencers, attitudinal variables, motives, and finally SNS activity. The model predicts that level of activity will be directly influenced by female gender-initially a predictor of SNS use ( Hunt et al., 2012;Sheldon, 2008;Sheldon, 2009)-although this gender gap has leveled over time and leaves its valence in question ( ). 2 SNS use is also posited to be influenced by extraversion, NA, attitudes towards SNSs, and motives for using SNSs. Due to a lack of consistent data, research questions are proffered about the relationship between female gender and personality traits. ...
Online Networking Sites (ONSs) are online communities where individual users maintain a network of connections and actively communicate with them (Ellison, Steinfield, & Lampe, 2007). The rapid growth of online social and professional networking websites calls for an examination of the communication processes that exist and operate through these channels, and the motives behind their use. In order to fill a gaping hole in research concerning ONSs, the present study attempted to examine the effect of antecedent variables on Social Networking Sites (SNSs) and Professional Networking Sites (PNSs) separately. Based on the view that individual users would utilize online networking in characteristic ways, a structural model was proposed which hypothesized that, personality traits, communicative and social influences, attitudes, and motives would affect level of activity on ONSs. Using Uses and Gratifications theory (Katz, Blumler, & Gurevitch, 1974) as the theoretical framework, the proposed model was tested in the current study. The model hypothesized that gender and personality traits would impact communicative and social variables. These were hypothesized to influence attitudes towards ONSs, which in turn, was hypothesized to affect motives to use ONSs. Motives of use, was hypothesized to directly affect level of activity and also mediate the relationship of attitudes on activity. Participants (N = 691) completed measures of personality, shyness, communication apprehension, self-esteem, need for affiliation, attitudes, motives of ONS use, along with measures of ONS behavioral outcomes. Results offered support for the hypothesized model of SNS motivations and activity but not for PNS activity. The lack of results concerning PNSs was explained due to the unsuitability of the current college sample. With respect to SNSs, the results illustrated that these websites were primarily used to maintain relational connections with others. In addition, the findings provided support for the contention that although SNSs offer beneficial social tools for all individuals; this effect was highest for individuals already proficient in offline social and communicative behaviors. Overall, the study illustrated that networking websites acted as inclusive channels for social interaction and as online companions to users' offline social structures.
... The structural model can be viewed as a series of five blocks -personality traits, social and communication influencers, attitudinal variables, motives, and finally SNS activity. The model predicts that level of activity will be directly influenced by female gender -initially a predictor of SNS use Sheldon, 2008;Sheldon, 2009) -although this gender gap has leveled over time and leaves its valence in question . 2 SNS use is also posited to be influenced by extraversion, NA, attitudes towards SNSs, and motives for using SNSs. Due to a lack of consistent data, research questions are proffered about the relationship between female gender and personality traits. ...
Based on the notion that individual users would utilize Social Networking Sites (SNSs) in characteristic ways, we tested a structural model hypothesizing that personality traits, communicative and social variables, attitudes, and motives would affect level of SNS activity. Participants (n = 674) completed measures of personality, communication apprehension, self-esteem, need for affiliation, attitudes, motives of SNS use, and level of SNS activity. Results offered support for the hypothesized model of SNS motivations and activity, illustrating that SNSs were primarily used to maintain relational connections with others. In addition, support was found for the contention that SNSs offer beneficial social tools for all individuals; however, this effect was highest for individuals already proficient in face-to-face social and communicative behaviors.
... Again, computer-mediated communication apprehension is predicted to negatively influence motives for Facebook use. Since prior research has demonstrated that unwillingness to communicate can influence motives for using Facebook (Sheldon & Honeycutt, 2009), we expect to find a similar influence from communication apprehension on the motives for using Facebook. The literature on news interactive features has demonstrated that motives for online newspaper Web site use are predictors of interactive feature use (Chung & Yoo, 2008). ...
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of computer-mediated communication apprehension on motives for using the interactive features on Facebook. An online survey was completed by 417 undergraduate students. Guided by uses and gratifications theory, communication apprehension in a computer-mediated context was found to be inversely related to interpersonal, self-expression, entertainment, and passing time motives for using Facebook. This study also investigated how Facebook motives predict the use of its interactive features. Interpersonal communication, self-expression, and entertainment motives all significantly predicted use of interactive features on Facebook.
... This may be because Facebook is a relatively recent social phenomenon, and as such, there has been limited opportunity for exploratory research. However, in the last two years, a growing number of researchers have recognised the importance of such research, and are working towards identifying the types of people who use Facebook (Hargittai, 2008;Raacke & Bonds-Raacke, 2008;Sheldon, 2009;Tufekci, 2008). In order to effectively achieve this goal, some researchers have focused on the relationship between Facebook use and various aspects of personality (Amichai- Hamburger, 2002;Buffardi & Campbell, 2008;Mehdizadeh, 2010;Orr et al., 2009;Ross et al., 2009;Sheldon, 2008). ...
The main objective of this chapter is to gain an in-depth understanding of the social media addiction construct. For this purpose, prior studies on social media addiction are reviewed. Based on this review the influence of several personal, social, and situational factors on social media addiction are examined. Firstly, personal factors such as demographic characteristics, personality traits, self-esteem, well-being, loneliness, anxiety, and depression are studied for their impact on social media addiction. Next, the social correlates and consequents of social media addiction are identified, namely need for affiliation, subjective norms, personal, professional, and academic life. Lastly, situational factors like amount of social media use and motives of use are inspected. Following the review of literature an empirical study is made to analyze factors that discriminate addicted social media users from non-addicted social media users on the basis of these different factors.
861 ﺟﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻳوس اﻟﺑﻛﺎﻟور ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ طﻠﺑﺔ ﻣن وطﺎﻟﺑﺔ ً طﺎﻟﺑﺎ (ﻣﻌﺔ ﺑوك اﻟﻔﻳس اﺳﺗﺧدام ﺷدة ُ ﻣﻘﻳﺎس ﺧدم ُ اﺳﺗ اﺳﺔ، اﻟدر أﻫداف وﻟﺗﺣﻘﻳق ة. اﻟﻣﺗﻳﺳر ﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟطر اﺧﺗﻳﺎرﻫم ﺗم اﻟﻳرﻣوك، اﻟﻣ ، ـور ـ ـ ط وﻻﻣب وﺳﺗﻳﻧﻔﻳﻠد ـون ـ ـ ـ إﻟﻳﺳ ـﻝ ـ ـ ـ ﻗﺑ ـن ـ ـ ﻣ (Ellison, Steinfield,& Lampe, 2007) اﺳﺔ اﻟدر ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ وﺑﻳﻧت. اﻣﻝ اﻟﻌو أن ﺑوك، اﻟﻔﻳس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺻدﻗﺎء ﻋدد ﻫﻲ: ﺑوك اﻟﻔﻳس اﺳﺗﺧدام ﺑﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﻣﺗﻧﺑﺋﺔ اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻣﻳﺔ و اﻓﻳﺔ اﻟدﻳﻣوﻏر و اﻟﺟﻧس، و ﻋد د اﻟﻛ ات: ﻟﻣﺗﻐﻳر ﺗﻌزى إﺣﺻﺎﺋﻳﺔ دﻻﻟﺔ ذات ﻓروق اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺗظﻬر وﻟم ﺑوك. اﻟﻔﻳس اﺳﺗﺧدام ﺳﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺗ اﻟﻣﻌدﻝ و ﻠﻳﺔ، اﻛﻣﻲ، ر ﺑوك اﻟﻔﻳس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧﺎص اﻟﺣﺳﺎب وﻧوﻋﻳﺔ ة، ﻟﻸﺳر اﻟﺷﻬري اﻟدﺧﻝ و اﺳﻳﺔ، اﻟدر اﻟﺳﻧﺔ وﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﺳﻛن، وﻣﻛﺎن. اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ : اﻟﻳرﻣوك ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ طﻠﺑﺔ ﺑوك، اﻟﻔﻳس اﺳﺗﺧدام. اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ وﺣﺗ اﻷرض ﻹﻋﻣﺎر اﻟﺳﻼم ﻋﻠﻳﻬﻣﺎ اء ﺣو ُﻣﻧﺎ أ و آدم أﺑﺎﻧﺎ وﺟﻝ ﻋز اﷲ ﺧﻠق أن ﻣﻧذ اﻻ اﺻﻝ اﻟﺗو و اﻟﺣﺎﺿر، اﻟوﻗت ﻰ ﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﻫ و ﻣ ﺧﻠﻘﻧﺎﻛم إﻧﺎ اﻟﻧﺎس أﻳﻬﺎ )ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ: ﻗوﻟﻪ ﻟذﻟك ً وﺗوﺛﻳﻘﺎ اﻟﺑﻌض، ﺑﻌﺿﻬم ﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎت و اﻷﺷﺧﺎص ﺑط ﺗر اﻟﺗﻲ اﻷداة ذﻛر ن و أﻧﺛﻰ اﻟﺣ. اﻟﻌظﻳم اﷲ ﺻدق (ﺧﺑﻳر ﻋﻠﻳم اﷲ إن اﺗﻘﺎﻛم اﷲ ﻋﻧد أﻛرﻣﻛم إن ا، ﻟﺗﻌﺎرﻓو وﻗﺑﺎﺋﻝ ً ﺷﻌوﺑﺎ وﺟﻌﻠﻧﺎﻛم آﻳ ات ﺟر) ﺔ 13 .(و اﻛﺗﺷﺎف و ﻹﻳﺟﺎد أدى اﻟذي و اﻟﺗﻛﻧوﻟوﺟﻲ، و اﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ اﻟﺗطور ﺑﻳﻧﻬﺎ وﻣن ات اﻟﺗطور ﻣن اﻟﻌدﻳد ظﻬر ﻳﺔ اﻟﺑﺷر ﺗطور وﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﺋﻝ اﻟﺑﻌض، ﺑﻌﺿﻬم ﻣﻊ اﻷﺷﺧﺎص اﺻﻝ ﻟﺗو اﻟﻣﻛﺎن و اﻟزﻣﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺗﺑﺎط اﻻر ﻋدم وﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺗﻌددة، ات ﺑﻣﻳز ﻣﺗﻌددة اﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ اﺻﻝ ﺗو وﻟﺗﻠﺑﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺟﻣﻳﻊ ً ﻣﺗﺎﺣﺎ ﻓﺄﺻﺑﺢ وﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ. ﻣﺗﻌددة اض أﻏر) ﺑوك اﻟﻔﻳس اﺳﺗﺧدام Use of Facebook (ﻟﺣ ة ﻣﺗطور ووﺳﺎﺋﻝ طرق اﺑﺗﻛرت ﻓﻘد اﻟزﻣن، ﻋﺑر اﻹﻧﺳﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻋرﻓﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺗﻲ ات اﻟﺛور أﻫم ﻣن اﺣدة و اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ة ﺛور إن ﻔظ وﻣﺻﺎدرﻫﺎ، اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت، إﻟﻰ اﻟوﺻوﻝ اﻟﺳﻬﻝ ﻣن ﻓﺄﺻﺑﺢ وﺗداوﻟﻬﺎ، اﺳﺗرﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ و اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﻣﺳﺗﺑدﻟﺔ ﺑذﻟك ا اﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﻋﻧﺎﺻر ﻻﺗﺻﺎﻟﻳ ﺔ اﻷﻓر ﻣن اﻟﻌظﻣﻰ اﻷﻏﻠﺑﻳﺔ وﺑﻣﺗﻧﺎوﻝ اﻟﻛﺛﻳر، وﻏﻳرﻫﺎ اﻟدردﺷﺔ اﻗﻊ وﻣو اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ اﺻﻝ اﻟﺗو اﻗﻊ ﻛﻣو ﺣدﻳﺛﺔ اﺻﻝ ﺗو ﺑطرق اد، وﻫ ﻲ) ﻣﻧﻬﺎ: ﻣﺗﻌددة ﺑﺄﻧﻣﺎط Skype, Facebook, Twitter, Messenger, SMS (اودة، )ﻋو 2013 ا و ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻧﺎ اﻟﺗرﻛﻳز وﺗم .(ﺣدة ﻣن أ ا ﻫذﻩ ﻫم ﺑوك اﻟﻔﻳس وﻫﻲ ﻟوﺳﺎﺋﻝ. أﺻﺑﺣت) ﺑوك اﻟﻔﻳس اﻗﻊ ﻣو Facebook) وﺗوﻳﺗر (Twitter) ﺳﺑﻳس اﻟﻣﺎي و (MySpace ً اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﺎ و ً ة ﺷﻬر ِ اﻷﻛﺛر ﻣن (ِ ﻣ ن ﻣن أﻛﺛر أﻧﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ُ ات اﻟﺗﻘدﻳر ُ ﺗﺷﻳر اﻟﺗﻲ اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ، ِ اﺻﻝ اﻟﺗو ِ وﺳﺎﺋﻝ ِ ﺑﻳن (500) وﺳﻳﻠﺔ (Yesil, 2014) و. ﺗﺷﺗرك ا ﻣن ﻟﻌدﻳد اﺻﻝ اﻟﺗو اﻗﻊ ﻣو ﺑوك، اﻟﻔﻳس ﻣﻊ ﻣﺷﺗرﻛﺔ ﺧﺻﺎﺋص ﻓﻲ اﻹﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻳﺔ اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ و اﻟﺑﺷر، ﻣن اﻟﻣﻼﻳﻳن ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻣن اﺻﻝ ﻳﺗو )ﻧﺟﺎدات، اﻟﻣﺷﺗرﻛﺔ ﺑﺎﻫﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎﺗﻬم 2012 .(وﻳﺷﺗرك اﻻﻟﻛﺗروﻧ ﻳد اﻟﺑر ﻛﺧدﻣﺔ ﻣﺗﻌددة ﺧﺻﺎﺋص ﻓﻲ َﺧرى اﻷ اﻹﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻳﺔ اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ اﺻﻝ اﻟﺗو اﻗﻊ ﻣو ﻣﻊ ﺑوك اﻟﻔﻳس ، ﻲ اﻟﺻور، و اﻟﺷﺧﺻﻲ، اﻟﻣﻠف و و ، ﻏﻳرﻫم ﻣﻊ أو اﻷﺻدﻗﺎء ﻣﻊ اء ﺳو اﻟﺧﺎص و اﻟﻌﺎم اﺳﻝ اﻟﺗر و اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت، و اﻷﺻدﻗﺎء، وﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ً ﻧﺻﺎ ﻛﺎن اء ﺳو ﻩ ﺑﺧﺎطر ﻳﺟوﻝ ﻋﻣﺎ اﻟﺗﻌﺑﻳر و ﻳﻌﺟﺑﻪ، ﻻ أو ﺑوك اﻟﻔﻳس ﻣﺳﺗﺧدم ﻳﻌﺟب ﺎ ّ ﻋﻣ اﻟﺗﻌﺑﻳر و اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ، اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﺻ أو ً ا ور و ﺑون )اﻟز ﻓﻳدﻳو ﻣﻘﺎطﻊ أو أ ﺑو ﺻﻌﻳﻠﻳك، 2014 .(
This research examines the correlations between populist attitudes, perception of public opinion, and opinions about the media in students of Communication Sciences in Colombia and Spain. Methods: Based on an exploratory-correlational approach and a quantitative design, this research has analyzed the reflections and priorities of a group of n=499 undergraduate and graduate students related to Communication Sciences in Colombia and Spain. Results: The study has confirmed the leading role played by social networks in the formation of radical opinions while detecting a decline in the influence of television among young audiences. In addition, the study establishes that the index of public opinion perception is higher in Spain, while the index of media perception or anti-elitist attitudes is higher in Colombia, and there is no clear link between populist attitudes and a political ideology of extremes. Conclusions: The correlations examined note a tendency towards disaffection and discredit towards politics in general, especially by the young population, which affects actors and institutions. It alludes to the preference of this population group for interacting and informing themselves on digital platforms and presents populist attitudes, without clear ideological identification, but with a clear tendency towards simplification of messages, thus emphasizing the need to educate the critical view of citizens and to work on media literacy as a crucial strategy against the growth and expansion of populism.
The present study investigates various costs and benefits associated with individuals’ intentions to post online travel reviews and to understand this, the study applies social exchange theory as the base model. The results revealed that altruism, reputation, economic rewards and venting negative feelings positively influence review posting intentions while cognitive and executional costs negatively influence review posting intentions. Further, Innovativeness moderates the relationship between altruism and behavioural intentions and venting negative feelings and behavioural intentions. The findings indicate that cognitive and executional costs reduce the intentions of travelers to post reviews online. Therefore, service providers must focus on user-friendly technology to reduce these costs.
The main objective of this chapter is to gain an in-depth understanding of the social media addiction construct. For this purpose, prior studies on social media addiction are reviewed. Based on this review the influence of several personal, social, and situational factors on social media addiction are examined. Firstly, personal factors such as demographic characteristics, personality traits, self-esteem, well-being, loneliness, anxiety, and depression are studied for their impact on social media addiction. Next, the social correlates and consequents of social media addiction are identified, namely need for affiliation, subjective norms, personal, professional, and academic life. Lastly, situational factors like amount of social media use and motives of use are inspected. Following the review of literature an empirical study is made to analyze factors that discriminate addicted social media users from non-addicted social media users on the basis of these different factors.
Conventional wisdom about young people's use of digital technology often equates generational identity with technology identity: today's teens seem constantly plugged in to video games, social networks sites, and text messaging. Yet there is little actual research that investigates the intricate dynamics of youth's social and recreational use of digital media. Hanging Out, Messing Around, and Geeking Out fills this gap, reporting on an ambitious three-year ethnographic investigation into how young people are living and learning with new media in varied settingsat home, in after school programs, and in online spaces. By focusing on media practices in the everyday contexts of family and peer interaction, the book views the relationship of youth and new media not simply in terms of technology trends but situated within the broader structural conditions of childhood and the negotiations with adults that frame the experience of youth in the United States. Integrating twenty-three different case studieswhich include Harry Potter podcasting, video-game playing, music-sharing, and online romantic breakupsin a unique collaborative authorship style, Hanging Out, Messing Around, and Geeking Out is distinctive for its combination of in-depth description of specific group dynamics with conceptual analysis. This book was written as a collaborative effort by members of the Digital Youth Project, a three-year research effort funded by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and conducted at the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Southern California. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning
Responding to the contradictory nature of our current moment of media change, this article will sketch a theory of media convergence that allows us to identify major sites of tension and transition shaping the media environment for the coming decade. Media convergence is more than simply a technological shift. Convergence alters the relationship between existing technologies, industries, markets, genres and audiences.
Peak oil. Climate change. Air pollution and top soil depletion. Water shortages and intractable conflicts. Disease, poverty, hunger, terrorism, natural disasters, and anomle ... the world Is full of tough problems. What would a sustainable open Infrastructure dedicated to finding solutions look like? For many of the toughest problems, it will have to lower financial, disciplinary, and bureaucratic boundaries to make more use of non-speclallsts - interested citizens who are willing to share their knowledge, expertise, connections, and commitment to confront common challenges. This Implies that the Investment required per citizen to get Involved must be relatively low, whether measured In money, time, or technical expertise. Our goal in this paper is to demonstrate how to start building an effective open system to support such sharing today. Many of the tools exist already, both technical and social. Many of the requisite technical tools exist as inexpensive or free software, e.g. for information sharing, discussions, audio conferencing, small-scale video conferencing, and simultaneous editing. Social tools are often more difficult to master than technical ones. They Include filtering contributions and contributors to separate the wheat from the chaff, building a sense of community and shared goals, motivating contributors to stay Involved, making the link from smaller to larger efforts, and keeping the whole process fun and productive. Different "collaboration modes" can be Identified, each with characteristic interaction topologies and scale of people involved. We look at two case studies that we have been Involved with: developing strategies for dealing with peak oil scenarios, and contributing to the online magazine WorldChanglng (at http://worldchanaina. com/). For us and for many others who were and are involved in such open Initiatives, a big part of the motivation to spend so much time and effort solving problems is enjoyment of "productive fun". After all, nobody has to worry about making bars or coffee shops "sustainable". Our challenge Is to make a problem-solving infrastructure so much fun that it becomes a natural, widely accepted custom - a combination of widely available software, open science, and open content that leads to open participation In building our common future.
If economics is about the allocation of resources, then what is the most precious resource in our new information economy? Certainly not information, for we are drowning in it. No, what we are short of is the attention to make sense of that information. With all the verve and erudition that have established his earlier books as classics, Richard A. Lanham here traces our epochal move from an economy of things and objects to an economy of attention. According to Lanham, the central commodity in our new age of information is not stuff but style, for style is what competes for our attention amidst the din and deluge of new media. In such a world, intellectual property will become more central to the economy than real property, while the arts and letters will grow to be more crucial than engineering, the physical sciences, and indeed economics as conventionally practiced. The new attention economy, therefore, will anoint a new set of moguls in the business worldânot the CEOs or fund managers of yesteryear, but new masters of attention with a grounding in the humanities and liberal arts. âI personally find this head-smackingly insightful. Of course! Money may make the world go âround, but itâs attention that we increasingly sell, hoard, compete for and fuss over. . . . The real news is that just about all of usâwhether we participate in the market as producers or consumersâlive increasingly in the attention economy as well.ââAndrew Cassel, Philadelphia Inquirer
Th is issue chronicles some of the changes and reactions brought about by this moment's new technologies. Habitat_(video_game) Passions, pedagogies and 21st century technologies
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Replacing place Th e philosophy of literary form
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Th e university in ruins Experience design 1 Checking out Facebook.com: Th e impact of digital trend on academic libraries
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You've got messages: Modern technology recruiting through text-messaging and the intrusiveness of Facebook
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