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Apistogramma mendezi nov. sp. (Teleostei: Perciformes; Cichlidae): Description of a New Dwarf Cichlid from the Rio Negro System, Amazonas State, Brazil
Abstract
Apistogramma mendezi nov. spec. (Fig. 1) is described on the basis of 18 specimens from a little river near Barcelos do Rio Negro, Dept. Amazonas, Brazil (near 63.04'W / 0.01'S). For biometric data see Table 1. Separated from all other Apistogramma species except A. paucisquamis, A. elizabethae and A. uaupesi by the prolongation of spines D3 and V3 in lyrate caudal fin. In contrast to A. paucisquamis, A. mendezishows complete squamation of caudal peduncle, lacks the positive growth-allometry of lower jaw, 3 (-4) narrow ventral bars on vent (versus 1 wide in A. paucisquamis) and always missing bars in caudal fin. Distinguished from A. uaupesi by completly different colouration and unprolonged membranes of dorsal fin. A. elizabethae also shows a completly different dorsal fin shape. A. mendezi was found syntoptically with A. gephyra and A. gibbiceps in a fast flowing water with gravel-like bottorn. Females in breeding colours have been caught.
... In recent decades numerous new species of the genus Apistogramma Regan, 1913 have been discovered in Brazil, Venezuela, and especially Peru. Some of these forms have been scientifically studied and the vast majority of them described for the first time only in recent years (BRitzke et al., 2015;kullandeR, 1980, 1986kulland-eR & FeRReiRa, 2005; Mesa & lasso 2011a-b; Ready & kullandeR, 2008;RöMeR, 1994RöMeR, , 1997RöMeR & HaHn, 2008, 2013RöMeR et al., 2003RöMeR et al., , 2004aRöMeR et al., -b, 2006bRöMeR et al., -d, 2011RöMeR et al., , 2012RöMeR et al., , 2013scHindleR & staeck, 2013;staeck, 1991staeck, , staeck & scHindleR, 2008VaRella & BRitzke, 2016;VaRella & saBaj PéRez, 2014), bringing the total number of valid species to significantly over 90 and making Apistogramma the largest genus among the Neotropical cichlids. However, there are still several forms awaiting formal description. ...
... Comparative material. Apistogramma allpahuayo RöMeR et al., 2012: type series; Apistogramma barlowi: type series, MUSM 53455, male, 59.2 mm SL; other material as listed in RöMeR (1994RöMeR ( , 1997RöMeR ( , 2006, RöMeR & waRzel (1998), and RöMeR et al. (2003, 2004, 2006b-d, 2012, 2013. ...
Apistogramma megastoma sp. n. is described based on a total of 18 specimens from small forest streams in the Departamento Loreto, Peru, tributaries of the Río Jutai in the border area between Peru and Brazil south and west of the city of Leticia (Colombia) (near 04°12′ S / 70°06′ W). Apistogramma megastoma sp. n., which may be confused only with A. barlowi, is distinguished from all other Apistogramma species by the combination of: noticeably disproportionately large head; exceptionally massive jaws, lyrate densely vertically banded caudal fin, extended dorsal-fin membranes in males; in aggressive females sooty head pattern and up to 8 series of small black dashes on flanks; small round caudal spot; and, exceptional for Apistogramma, maternal mouth-brooding behaviour. Distinguished from A. barlowi, by differences in colour pattern and by higher number of scale rows on cheeks. Apistogramma megastoma sp. n. inhabits in small fastflowing streams.
... Eighteen valid species of Apistogramma have been described on the basis of material from the Peruvian Amazon basin, viz., A. allpahuayo Römer, Beninde, Duponchelle, Díaz, Ortega, Hahn, Soares, Cachay, Dávila, Cornejo & Renno, 2012 (Nanay River); A. atahualpa Römer, 1997 (Nanay River); A. baenschi Römer, Hahn, Römer, Soares & Wöhler, 2004 (Huallaga basin); A. barlowi Römer & Hahn, 2008 (Ampiyacu River); A. cinilabra Römer, Duponchelle, Römer, Duponchelle, Diaz, Davilla, Sirvas, Catchay & Renno, 2011 (Itaya River); A. cruzi Kullander, 1986 (Mazán River); A. eremnopyge Ready & Kullander, 2004 (Pintuyacu River, Itaya River drainage); A. eunotus Kullander, 1981 (Ucayali River); A. huascar Römer, Pretor & Hahn, 2006 (Nanay River); A. luelingi Kullander, 1976 Kullander, 1979 (Copal River, Ucayali River drainage);A. norberti Staeck, 1991 (Tahuayo and Tamshiyacu Rivers); A. panduro Römer, 1997 (Ucayali River); A. pantalone Römer, Römer, Soares & Hahn, 2006 (Nanay River); A. paulmuelleri Römer, Beninde, Duponchelle, Garcia Dávila, Vela Díaz & Renno, 2013 (Amazon River); A. rositae Römer, Römer &Hahn, 2006 (Marañón River) andA. urteagai Kullander, 1986 (Madre de Dios River). ...
... Staeck & Kullander (1988), describing A. paucisquamis from the Negro River (Santa Isabel do Rio Negro to Manaus, Amazon state, Brazil), reported that males of this species have three color forms. Römer (1994) describing A. mendezi from Barcelos (Amazonas state, Brazil), stated that the eastern population exhibits horizontal lines on the caudal fin, while the western population has vertical lines on the caudal fin. As treated by those authors there is intraspecific discrete minor variation in the color pattern of some species of the genus Apistogramma but separate species status is not supported by other morphological characters. ...
Apistogramma ortegai, new species, is described from small streams tributaries of the Ampiyacu River near Pebas, in eastern Peru. It belongs to the Apistogramma regani species group and is distinguished from all other species of Apistogramma by the combination of contiguous caudal spot to bar 7, presence of abdominal stripes, short dorsal-fin lappets in both sexes, absence of vertical stripes on the caudal fin, and reduced number of predorsal and prepelvic scales.
... It would probably also lead to inadvertent automatic corrections by those who know the correct spelling. A typical example is Apistogramma mendezi Römer (1994), named for "Brazilian rubber tapper, trade unionist, and ecologist Chico Mendez." The problem here is that the correct name, Francisco Mendes, does not occur in the paper itself. ...
In a re-description of the South Asian fish species Nemachilichthys ruppelli (Sykes, 1839a) Keskar et al. (2015) noticed-as also pointed out by Kottelat (2012)-that the original spelling of the species name was rupelli [actually: Rupelli, with regular font and capital R], but that information in Sykes (1839a: 162) showed clearly that the species was named for [Eduard] Rüppell with the explicit dedication "I have dedicated this beautiful little fish to Rüppell, who did me the favor to look over my drawings ..." Rüppell is also mentioned twice on page 159. Sykes's (1839a) paper was reprinted in Sykes (1839b) with exactly the same spelling, but there the species name appears in italics. A third publication by Sykes (1841), based on the same material, also uses the spelling Rupelli for the species, but does not mention Rüppell.
... For museum acronyms see leViton et al. (1985). 1994, 2006), römer & Warzel (1998), and römer et al. (2003a, 2006b-d, 2012). Kullander, 1986 (figs. 1 -6) Holotype ( Kullander (1986), proportions normal for adults of species closely related to Apistogramma nijsseni Kullander, 1979: both individuals inspected seem to be fully adult specimens in optimal reproductive condition, and, again unlike as stated in Kullander 4 (1986), not giving any impression of being starved. ...
Apistogramma payaminonis Kullander, 1986 is redescribed based on the only two type specimens available, and two new, closely-related Apistogramma species are described from Peru. Data from the original description of A. payaminonis are supplemented with information on phenotypic appearance, which is important for differentiating the taxon from several other species discovered in the last few years. Apistogramma feconat sp. n. is described from four specimens from the catchment of the Río Tigre, Loreto; information on its ecology, biology, and current conservation status is summarised. Apistogramma wolli sp. n. is described from six specimens from the catchment of the Napo river, Loreto, close to the Peru-Ecuador border; information on its ecology and biology is sparse. Both newly described species are representatives of the Apistogramma nijsseni complex that live in small forest streams influenced by blackwater. Information on differentiating females of some members of this group of related species is presented. At present no clear information based on voucher specimens is available regarding the possible distribution of the two species in Ecuador. Man-made environmental hazards potentially endangering the aquatic fauna in the western catchment of the Río Marañón and the Rio Amazonas, between their tributaries the Rio Pastaza and the Rio Napo, are discussed.
... As listed in römer (1994a), römer & HaHn (2008), römer & WarzeL (1998), and römer et al. (2003, 2004. ...
A new species of Apistogramma, Apistogramma aguarico sp. n., is described from Ecuador, based on a total of 9 specimens collected from an oxbow lake (appr. 09°47′ S / 75°57′ W) connected to the Rio Lagartococha, an affluent of the Rio Aguarico, which is part of the Rio Napo system in the north east of Ecuador close to the border with Peru. Apistogramma aguarico sp. n. is distinguished from all other Apistogramma species by the combination (in adult males) of: truncate unmarked caudal fin with streamer-like extensions to both upper and lower lobes in large individuals; four irregular abdominal lines formed by series of highly variable spots; serrate dorsal fin with membranes clearly prolonged past tips of spines; and ivory spot surrounding and including pectoral-fin base. The species is thought to be a representative of the Apistogramma eunotus complex within the Apistogramma regani lineage.
... Females with short midventral stripe, absent in males. Römer (1994Römer ( , 1997Römer ( , 2006, Römer & Hahn (2008, in prep.), Römer & Warzel (1997), and Römer et al. (2003Römer et al. ( , 2006aRömer et al. ( -c, 2011 Diagnosis: Apistogramma playayacu sp. ...
Apistogramma playayacu sp. n. is described based on a total of 41 specimens from tributaries of the Rio Napo from the border area between Ecuador and Peru (about 76°36′ W // 00°22′ S). The species is distinguished from all other Apistogramma species by the combination of 7 to 8 horizontal rows of mostly triangular black spots along the sides, horizontally devided spot on caudal base, rounded caudal fi n, and straight narrow cheek stripe. The species is a moderately large (males up to 49 mm, females to 38 mm SL), high-backed, laterally compressed, and only slightly elongated Apistogramma species. Apistogramma playayacu sp. n. probably belongs to the Apistogramma macmasteri complex within the Apistogramma regani lineage (sensu Römer, 2006), and exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism.
A new species of Apistogramma from Eastern Colombia is presented. Details on live coloration, mood dependent black pattern, and identification are given as well as information concerning field ecology, maintenance, and reproduction in captivity. The article includes 36 photographs covering different colour pattern of both sexes of the species relevant for sexing and identifying Apistogramma sp. "Cuiari".
The Iquitos Paleoarch is decisive for the restricted distribution of many Apistogramma species in the region. Distinguishing it from large parts of the Amazonian basin, only few seasonal rhythmic inundations trigger frequent isolation events and create a setting favourable for diversification and speciation. Iquitos, probably the fastest expanding city in Amazonia, is located within the Iquitos Paleoarch. Here local resource harvesting frequently leads to small-scale deforestation. Simultaneously, the forest plays a decisive role in the aquatic ecology of streams and ponds by regulating the temperature regime and providing dead plant material, resulting in low pH and conductivity levels, properties typical of blackwater. We conducted field measurements of water parameters in selected areas inhabited by Apistogramma atahualpa. Our results show that the temperature regime varies widely in streams and ponds, and temperature increases are especially abrupt at the transition from forested habitats to deforested, open areas. We elaborate how this effect of small-scale deforestation and associated temperature change can impact the breeding biology of A. atahualpa. Due to all Apistogramma species studied so far exhibiting temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) of offspring, we anticipate changes in population structure following such abrupt alterations in ecological conditions of aquatic habitats. Additional isolation events typical for this region may further impact populations and induce diversification. Our findings highlight the need for more detailed assessments of the impact of deforestation and other ecological alterations on blackwater habitats at small spatial scales, as they can pose a serious threat to many aquatic species.
Apistogramma arua sp. n. is described on the basis of four specimens collected in a small igarapé near Arua in the lower course of the Rio Arua. This relatively small species (males up to 45 mm SL) may be related to the species of the A. cacatuoides complex sensu stricto as well as to the A. trifasciata-group, but at the time has to be placed incertae sedis within the genus. A. arua sp. n. is characterised by a wedge-shaped spot on the abdominal flank beneath the lateral band, which sometimes, depending on mood, is modified to a line or band between the gill cover and the frontal base of the anal fin, or to three indistinct abdominal bands formed by three rows of half-moon-shaped spots. Males additionally exhibit a forked caudal fin and extended membranes to the first 5-7 dorsal fin lappets.
The temperature of the environment has significant influence on growth and repro-duction in the species of Apistogramma. High temperatures cause reduced survival of the off-spring, reduction of growth (size and weight), number of eggs and clutches, and size of eggs, a possible reason being a temperature-induced deficiency of energy. Six month old A. cacatuo-ides shows optimal growth (females up to 46 mm TL, males up to 76 mm TL) and gain of weight at 26°C. Temperatures lower than 25°C have a weak negative effect, those in excess of 28°C a substantial negative effect on growth. Female A. cacatuoides matures at an age between 140 and 350 days. This is not directly linked to temperature, but indirecdy via the tempera-ture-influenced reaching of a length of 30 to 34 mm TL, at which females spawn for die first time. The number of eggs per clutch and die number of clutches per female depend on tempe-rature. Both low (20 to 22°C) and high (29 to 30°C) temperatures results in reduced numbers in comparison to intermediate temperatures (25 to 28°C). Eggs produced at low temperatures (< 25°C) are about one fifth larger than those produced at high temperatures (> 28°C). The reproductive success in the field seems not to be significantly influenced by temperature, but from predation and the female's capacity for sheltering the offspring in its mouth.
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