No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Potencial de Utilização de Instrumentos Econômicos na Promoção de Eficiência Energética em Resíduos Sólidos e Efluentes: Análise Prospectiva Inicial do Segmento Portuário Brasileiro
Abstract
A utilização de instrumentos econômicos no âmbito da gestão de resíduos sólidos e efluentes no setor portuário inclina-se em direção ao conceito de sustentabilidade, possibilitando como desdobramento o: incentivo ao aumento da eficiência na gestão; incentivo ao investimento público e privado; potencial para estabilizar os preços de recicláveis e, assim, estimular os mercados sustentáveis para materiais recicláveis, potencializando possíveis nichos de novos negócios, atraindo novas receitas; novas técnicas de gestão e de desenvolvimento tecnológico; ganhos de eficiência associados com gestão integrada de resíduos urbanos, benefícios socioeconômicos associados com a reciclagem, tais como desenvolvimento econômico local e na criação de oportunidades de emprego no mercado de reciclagem e a reduzir a necessidade de expansão da área dos aterros prolongando a vida útil dos mesmos. Conjuntamente, abre-se uma oportunidade de avaliar a melhor disposição destes resíduos, assim como alterar o modus operandi no sentido de aumentar a eficiência energética, seja por meios da reciclagem ou até mesmo da utilização de resíduos para auto-geração de energia elétrica, possibilitando uma geração descentralizada e de melhor gestão da conta de consumo de energia elétrica do Porto.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
S U M Á R I O : 1. Introdução; 2. Desafios da modernidade portuária; 3. Pano-rama ambiental portuário; 4. Regulação desregulada; 5. Oportunidades ambi-entais da modernidade portuária; 6. A hipótese Porter e as ecoinovações por-tuárias; 7. Questão de escala: do cais à planície costeira; 8. Considerações finais. S U M M A R Y : 1. Introduction; 2. The challenges of port modernity; 3. An outlook at port environment; 4. Unregulated regulation; 5. Environmental opportunities of port modernity; 6. Porter's hypothesis and port eco-inno-vations; 7. A matter of scale: from the docks to the coastal plain; 8. Final remarks. P A L A V R A S -C H A V E : gestão ambiental portuária; modernização portuária; ecoinovações; desafios e possibilidades ambientais.
In the last few years controlling the size and composition of the solid waste flow has moved substantially up the public policy agenda in many countries. With this has come the question of what are the appropriate types of public interventions in the economy to control this flow. The most dramatic of the interventions have involved adoption of high recycling targets for specific fractions of the waste stream and special measures to deal with packaging waste, especially in a number of European countries. Questions are being raised about whether the targets and inventions are warranted on the basis of economic analysis, especially about the costs and benefits of the objectives and the instruments to achieve them. This paper reviews the published and some unpublished literature through the spring of 1993 and generally finds that the conceptual and empirical basis on which to predicate efficient and effective solid waste management policy is still rather incomplete. The only principled basis for public interventions thus far established in the economics literature is that for user fees at the household level. The paper analyzes the role of waste management fees or user charges in rationalizing investment in waste management technology and finds that, while there is wide agreement that the prices are not right in this environmental area, there is little focus on the role that such fees can play in motivation source reduction at the consumer or household level. A number of recommendations are made for using economic instruments for efficient solid waste management.
If global problems such as climate change and waste remain unresolved, society can choose either to continue attempting to incrementally reduce wastes and lessen impacts, or to consider a more ambitious approach that paradoxically may be easier to implement. This paper suggests how an approach designed to prevent waste and other global impacts could be based upon the established practices of precycling, circular economic policy and recycling insurance. A new economic instrument called ‘precycling insurance’ is proposed, so that decision-making can be led by the market rather than by prescriptive regulation or educational campaigns. The approach gains relevance now that China is developing a national ‘Law on the Promotion of the Development of Circular Economy’.
Published in 1989, Blueprint for a Green Economy presented, for the first time, practical policy measures for 'greening' modern economies and putting them on a path to sustainable development. This new book, written by two of the Blueprint for a Green Economy authors, revisits and updates its main messages by asking, first, what has been achieved in the past twenty years, and second, what more needs to be done to generate a truly 'green economy' in the twenty-first century?
Many different instruments exist which can be used in environmental policy. No one instrument is superior to all others in all situations. The instrument used in a specific situation depends on the goals to be achieved and on the specific environmental problem (for example, the number of polluters, monitoring problems, etc.). To manage more effectively present environmental issues it may be necessary to combine the use of traditional economic instruments with new economic mechanisms. An example is shown how such a new economic mechanism, a combination of the "utilitarian desires" rule and a tax rule, could assist to locate a new waste disposal site.
a b s t r a c t This paper presents results from a survey of waste management authorities aimed at identifying the opportunities and constraints associated with implementing economic instruments (EIs) for solid waste management (SWM) in South Africa (SA). Almost all respondents felt that EIs could lead to reduced waste generation and increased diversion of waste from landfill to recycling, and that they should eventually be implemented in the field of SWM in SA, although opinions varied as to the appropriate timeframe for implementation. The general consensus was that a number of fundamentals had to be in place first, including promulgation of the Waste Management Bill (which has since been promulgated as the Waste Act), political will, education and awareness, capacity and infrastructure development, cost recovery in waste management practices, and enforcement of existing instruments, such as the Minimum Require-ments for landfill design and operation. Based on these and other issues raised by respondents, a number of recommendations are made for further research.
This paper addresses the problems associated with packaging waste. After establishing the extent of the problem, a brief discussion follows of how to choose the right target for any policy measure. This is followed by reviews of command-and-control measures taken in Germany, the EC and the Netherlands. Under the heading of market-based instruments, deposit-refund schemes, a recycling credits scheme and packaging charges currently in place in the UK, Denmark, the USA and Australia are examined. The remainder of the paper concentrates on the introduction of a packaging charge reflecting disposal costs but taking account of recycling rates for different packaging. Before presenting such charges calibrated for selected beverage containers in the UK, Denmark, Sweden, Japan and South Africa, the paper discusses the practical problems surrounding the available data. The paper concludes by proposing that such a packaging charge offers a more cost-effective solution to the problem of packaging waste and litter than does regulatory legislation.
In optimizing strategies aimed at the conservation of biological diversity, it is necessary to compare the consequences of competing strategies for biological diversity. This paper presents a general approach to this problem. An example concerning the conservation of crane species is given.
Temas em saúde coletiva. Santos: Leopoldianum O investimento em infra-estrutura no Brasil: histórico recente e perspectivas
- A Perdicaris
- C R Frischtak
- Goddard
- Haynes
In: PERDICARIS, A. (Org.). Temas em saúde coletiva. Santos: Leopoldianum, 2005. FRISCHTAK, C. R., 2008. O investimento em infra-estrutura no Brasil: histórico recente e perspectivas. In: Pesquisa e Planejamento Econômico, vol. 38, n.2, Brasília: IPEA, 2008, disponível em: http://ppe.ipea.gov.br/index.php/ppe/article/view/1129 GODDARD, HAYNES C.; The benefits and costs of alternative solid waste management policies;
Instruments in Environmental Policy different approaches LINDENEG, KLAVS; Instruments in Environmental Policy-Different Approaches
- Environmentaustralia
- Canberra
- Australia
- D Kitzmann
- M Asmus
EnvironmentAustralia, Canberra, Australia. KITZMANN, D.& ASMUS, M., 2006. Gestão ambiental portuária: desafios e possibilidades, RAP Rio de Janeiro 40(6) :1041-60, Nov. /Dez. LINDENEG, K., 1992. Instruments in Environmental Policy different approaches. Waste Management & Research 10, pg. 281-287, 1992. LINDENEG, KLAVS; Instruments in Environmental Policy-Different Approaches, Waste Management & Research (1992) 10, 281-287.
Finanças Públicas: teoria e prática
- R A Musgrave
- P B Musgrave
MUSGRAVE, R. A.; MUSGRAVE, P. B., 1980. Finanças Públicas: teoria e prática. Rio de Janeiro: Campus, 1980
Blueprint for a Green Economy The Economics of Welfare.MacMillian and Company Valoração e Instrumentos Econômicos Aplicados ao Meio Ambiente: Alternativas para Proteger a Amazônia. I-PiatanOn the Measurement of Biological Diversity
- D Pearce
- I Markandya
- E Barbier
- Ed
- A C Pigou
- London
- A Rivas
- C Freitas
- R Mourão
- A Solow
- S Polasky
- J Broadus
PEARCE, D.; MARKANDYA, I.; BARBIER, E. Blueprint for a Green Economy. 5. ed. PIGOU, A. C. 1938. The Economics of Welfare.MacMillian and Company. London. RIVAS, A., FREITAS, C. & MOURÃO, R., 2008. Valoração e Instrumentos Econômicos Aplicados ao Meio Ambiente: Alternativas para Proteger a Amazônia. I-Piatan, Manaus, 2008. SOLOW, A.; POLASKY, S.; BROADUS, J..On the Measurement of Biological Diversity.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 24, p. 60-68, 1993.
Valoração e Instrumentos Econômicos Aplicados ao Meio Ambiente: Alternativas para Proteger a Amazônia. I-Piatan
- A Freitas
- C Mourão
RIVAS, A., FREITAS, C. & MOURÃO, R., 2008. Valoração e Instrumentos Econômicos Aplicados
ao Meio Ambiente: Alternativas para Proteger a Amazônia. I-Piatan, Manaus, 2008.
- M L Weitzman
- On
WEITZMAN, M.L. On Diversity.Quaterly Journal of Economics, v.107, 1992, p. 363-406.
Economia da Poluição, em Economia do Meio Ambiente, Teoria e Prática
- E M Canepa
CANEPA, E.M., Economia da Poluição, em Economia do Meio Ambiente, Teoria e Prática, Peter
May (org.), São Paulo, Campus Editora, 2010.
O investimento em infra-estrutura no Brasil: histórico recente e perspectivas
- I A Cunha
CUNHA, I.A., 2005. Desafios para o gerenciamento de riscos ambientais na Baixada Santista.
In: PERDICARIS, A. (Org.). Temas em saúde coletiva. Santos: Leopoldianum, 2005.
FRISCHTAK, C. R., 2008. O investimento em infra-estrutura no Brasil: histórico recente e
perspectivas. In: Pesquisa e Planejamento Econômico, vol. 38, n.2, Brasília: IPEA, 2008,
disponível em: http://ppe.ipea.gov.br/index.php/ppe/article/view/1129
- D Kitzmann
- M Asmus
KITZMANN, D.& ASMUS, M., 2006. Gestão ambiental portuária: desafios e possibilidades, RAP
Rio de Janeiro 40(6) :1041-60, Nov. /Dez.
Blueprint for a Green Economy. 5. ed. PIGOU, A. C. 1938. The Economics of Welfare
- D Pearce
- I Markandya
- E Barbier
PEARCE, D.; MARKANDYA, I.; BARBIER, E. Blueprint for a Green Economy. 5. ed.
PIGOU, A. C. 1938. The Economics of Welfare.MacMillian and Company. London.
Valoração e Instrumentos Econômicos Aplicados ao Meio Ambiente: Alternativas para Proteger a Amazônia. I-Piatan, Manaus
- A Rivas
- C Freitas
- R Mourão
- A Solow
- S Polasky
- J Broadus
RIVAS, A., FREITAS, C. & MOURÃO, R., 2008. Valoração e Instrumentos Econômicos Aplicados
ao Meio Ambiente: Alternativas para Proteger a Amazônia. I-Piatan, Manaus, 2008.
SOLOW, A.; POLASKY, S.; BROADUS, J..On the Measurement of Biological Diversity.Journal of
Environmental Economics and Management, v. 24, p. 60-68, 1993.