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Advances in Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Models
... The percentile distribution for both INAWY and LB sub-scales are shown in Figure 1. In order to verify the factor structure of the exploratory factor analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis was performed using the statistical program LisRel 8.8 (Joreskög, K.G. (1969, 1970, 1973, 1979)) [33,34,36,37]. Table 7 shows the Lambda-X values of the estimated structural parameters, completely randomized. ...
... Table 7 shows the Lambda-X values of the estimated structural parameters, completely randomized. The solution offered by the confirmatory In order to verify the factor structure of the exploratory factor analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis was performed using the statistical program LisRel 8.8 (Joreskög, K.G. (1969(Joreskög, K.G. ( , 1970(Joreskög, K.G. ( , 1973(Joreskög, K.G. ( , 1979) [33,34,36,37]. Table 7 shows the Lambda-X values of the estimated structural parameters, completely randomized. ...
... Table 7 shows the Lambda-X values of the estimated structural parameters, completely randomized. The solution offered by the confirmatory In order to verify the factor structure of the exploratory factor analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis was performed using the statistical program LisRel 8.8 (Joreskög, K.G. (1969(Joreskög, K.G. ( , 1970(Joreskög, K.G. ( , 1973(Joreskög, K.G. ( , 1979) [33,34,36,37]. Table 7 shows the Lambda-X values of the estimated structural parameters, completely randomized. ...
Background: Smartphone usage in school-aged children has increased over the last two decades. This overuse interferes with emotion regulation and interpersonal relationships. The purpose of this work was to analyze the relationship between smartphone addiction risk and personality dimensions in primary school children. Methods: The aim of this research is to verify the percentage of Smartphone Addiction (SA) in a sample of primary school children and to explore the relationship between personality dimensions and SA. The Smartphone Addiction Risk Children Questionnaire (SARCQ) and the Big Five Children (BFC) questionnaire were administered to a sample (N = 94) of children. Results: We found that, in our sample, the percentage of children matching the definition of emotional addiction to smartphones was 16% and that a subgroup of children using smartphones as a transitional object represented 15% of the sample. The correlations between the SARCQ and BFC questionnaire factors showed a significant negative correlation between the “I’m not afraid with you” (INAWY) factor and Friendliness, Conscientiousness, and Openness, showing that children with low socialization capacities are prone to use smartphones as a means to handle negative internal states. In contrast, a positive correlation between the INAWY and the Emotional Instability factors has been observed. For the “Linus’s Blanket” (LB) factor, a significant negative correlation with the Friendliness and Conscientiousness factors was observed. Conclusions: The risk of SA, with the use of smartphones as “emotion-handling tools” or as “transitional objects”, was observed in children with personality dimensions associated with higher risk.
... Goodness-Of-Fit Index (GFI): It expresses the variance value explained by the covariance obtained for the calculated population (In other words, it can be formulated as the generalized variance divided by the total generalized variance.) (Byrne, 2016;Hooper et al., 2008;Joreskog & Sorbom, 1984;Raykov & Marcoulides, 2012). The GFI value can be frequency ranged between 0 and 1, which should be above 0.900 for the ideal value, and a value above 0.950 is considered to indicate a very good fit (Hooper et al., 2008;Loehlin & Beaujean, 2017;Schermelleh-Engel & Moosbrugger, 2003;Vieira, 2011). ...
... Therefore, it is not appropriate to use it as a reference in studies with low/small samples. It can take a value between 0 and 1 and the ideal value is considered to be above 0.900 (Joreskog & Sorbom, 1984;Raykov & Marcoulides, 2012;Vieira, 2011). However, opinions can be found in the literature that the index will be compatible for values above 0.850. ...
... Although there are many parameters in the literature that can measure the goodness of fit of the model other than the above-mentioned CMIN/DF, GFI, AGFI, CFI, RMSEA, SRMR values, it is an established guideline in the literature that the validity and reliability of the model can be accepted as ensured if these six fit indices are measured and the values given by the model comply with the above-mentioned reference ranges (Akyüz, 2018;Barrett, 2000;Browne & Cudeck, 1989;Byrne, 1994Byrne, , 2016Çokluk et al., 2010;X. Fan & Sivo, 2007;Gallagher & Brown, 2013;Harrington, 2008;Hooper et al., 2008;Hu & Bentler, 1999;Iacobucci, 2010;Jöreskog, 1969;Joreskog & Sorbom, 1984;Kline, 2023;Marsh et al., 1988;Marsh & Hocevar, 1985;Raykov, 1997;Schermelleh-Engel & Moosbrugger, 2003;Şimşek, 2007;Steiger, 2000;Vieira, 2011;Wang & Wang, 2012;Yılmaz & Varol, 2015). Therefore, for export performance dimensional research using structural equation model, analyses should be made on the basis of the fit indices in question and the established model should be confirmed after the fit control and modification are provided. ...
Export performance is a subject that has quite complex relationships by nature. For this reason, it is analysed with the SEM method, which is gaining more and more fame in the research world regarding complex relationships. With this research, the use of SEM in the export performance studies in question was examined based on literature and different applications and views were brought together to create a basic roadmap. In this context, 76 different SEM and export performance-based scientific studies were examined and evaluated from a critical perspective and application maps were created. Afterwards, an ideal and basic application template and roadmap were presented with current suggestions for studies including export performance that want to use SEM in the future.
... DFA için literatür incelendiğinde RMSEA ve SRMR için kesme noktası .08 olarak belirlenmiş olup, değerlerin 0'a yaklaşması iyi bir uyumu temsil ederken, χ2/df değerinin beşten küçük olması beklenir (Meydan ve Şeşen, 2015). Ayrıca, CFI ve GFI değerlerinin ,90'dan büyük olması kabul edilebilir bir uyumu gösterir (Bentler, 1990;Bentler ve Bonett, 1980;Joreskog ve Sorbom, 1984). ...
... Bununla birlikte ikinci faktör kız çocukları için yasaklanan erkeksi özellikleri (Faktör 2), dördüncü faktör ise erkek çocukları için yasaklanan kadınsı özellikleri (Faktör 4) içermektedir. İlk örneklem için GFI'nın ,90 kesim değerini (Bentler ve Bonett, 1980;Joreskog ve Sorbom, 1984) geçmediği gözlemlenmiştir ancak, χ2/df, RMSEA ve SRMR sonuçları göz önüne alınarak indekslerin yeterli uyumu sağladığı düşünülmüştür. İkinci örneklemde yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde χ2/df, RMSEA ve SRMR değerleri modelin kabul edilebilir sınırda olduğunu gösterse de diğer uyum indeksleri belirlenen standartların altında kalmıştır. ...
This study aims to develop a scale to assess parents' gender stereotypes towards children and to examine the psychometric properties of this scale. The research was conducted with two different parent samples (N = 597 and N = 306). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified a total of 25 items under four different dimensions for girls and boys. Parents' expectations of their sons and daughters are divided into prescriptive and proscriptive in the context of gender stereotypes. The validity and reliability of the scale were supported by the conducted analyses. In this context, the scale emerges as a significant tool for understanding parental gender-based expectations for girls and boys in daily life and investigating the relationship of these expectations with the developmental process.
... The division of x 2 value to degrees of freedom, root-mean-square of approximation (RMSEA), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI), normed fit index (NFI), and comparative fit index (CFI) were examined according to the recommendations of Hair et al. [87]. All the values are within acceptable levels [88][89][90][91][92][93][94], suggesting that the model demonstrated good model fit to the data. ...
... First, the fits statistics of the research model was tested. The results showed that all the fit-indices, the absolute fit indices (RMSEA = 0.04, GFI = 0.88, and AGFI = 0.86), incremental fit indices (NFI = 0.88 and CFI = 0.94), and Chi-Square/degrees of freedom (at 1.85), are within the recommended values [88][89][90][91][92][93][94], suggesting that the model fits to the data. ...
Uncertainties and changes in software requirements have compelled companies to become more agile in software development projects. To keep pace with the agile environment, companies incorporate agile software development methodologies into their projects. However, the way that the agile methodology is implemented may determine the success of the project. This study aims to understand critical success factors affecting agile projects’ success from the perspectives of agile practitioners. First, an extensive systematic literature review was conducted with the detailed examination of the Agile Manifesto, Agile Principles, and Scrum Guide to develop the Agile Software Project Success Model. Second, refinement of the factors was conducted through one-on-one meetings with six agile practitioners, and then a group meeting was conducted to reach a consensus on the model. Finally, using IBM Amos 20.0, data collected from 596 agile practitioners were used to understand the relationships defined in the research model. Results indicated that all the hypotheses except two of them were supported. Among the factors, customer factors and agile process factors are the stronger predictors of process efficiency, sustainable software product quality and stakeholder satisfaction compared to other factors. This study concludes with the theoretical and practical implications and recommendations for possible future studies.
... Complementary to this, the CFI, NFI, and IFI provide insights into the model's relative improvement over a null model [18]. The GFI and the AGFI measure the proportion of variance that the calculated population covariance can explain [32]. RMSEA and SRMR further augment the analysis by representing the model's error of approximation [33]. ...
... The Relative Fit Index (RFI) value of 0.940 also complements the goodness-of-fit narrative, approaching the robust fit threshold of 0.90 [22]. Additionally, the Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI) and Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index (AGFI) values of 0.912 and 0.891, respectively, delineate a commendable variance accounted for by the model [32]. Residue-based indices, RMSEA and SRMR, recorded at 0.037 and 0.029 respectively, fall below the accepted benchmarks, underscoring a laudable model alignment with the empirical data [18], [33]. ...
In recent times, the global commercial arena has increasingly embraced Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) as key strategic avenues for organizational growth and diversification. Concurrently, the ramifications of such strategic decisions on human capital, particularly the psychological welfare of the workforce, have emerged as salient topics within academic and business discourses. This investigation addresses this emergent concern, probing the ramifications of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) on workforce dynamics amidst M&As, with an acute focus on the consequential human implications during such pivotal transitions, accentuated by the unprecedented challenges of the COVID-19 epoch.
PsyCap, delineated by constructs including hope, resilience, optimism, and self-efficacy, forms the nucleus of this inquiry. Adopting a rigorous quantitative methodology, the investigation solicited responses from 463 professionals spanning heterogeneous sectors, encompassing Cement, Telecommunications, Banking, and E-Commerce. Advanced statistical techniques, namely Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling, were harnessed to elucidate the complex interrelations of PsyCap with pivotal determinants such as Proactive Personality, Civic Virtue Behavior, and Organizational Justice. Moreover, the study ventured into understanding the ramifications of these constructs on pivotal outcomes, specifically employees' Person-Organization Fit and Affective Commitment, amidst the dynamism inherent in M&A scenarios.
The outcomes emphasize the indelible role of a fortified PsyCap in engendering an environment that is propitious for employees during M&A transitions. The study advocates that, in an era marred by post-COVID uncertainties, enterprises with robust PsyCap-centric strategies are better positioned to facilitate seamless integrations, alleviate workforce anxieties, and cultivate a unified organizational ethos. Highlighting the precursors to PsyCap furnishes pragmatic insights, guiding corporations to foster characteristics that augment employee congruence, dedication, and holistic welfare throughout M&A cycles, transcending the distinct challenges of both pre and post-COVID phases.
From an academic vantage point, this exploration provides a refined understanding of the symbiosis between strategic organizational initiatives and psychological paradigms, intensified by the unique backdrop of the COVID-19 paradigm shift. For business stakeholders, the revelations chart a course towards safeguarding employee morale, curtailing talent attrition, and fostering a synergistic corporate milieu in the intricate terrains of M&As. In essence, this study augments the M&A discourse by accentuating the instrumental role of PsyCap, thereby furnishing a foundational reference for subsequent scholarly pursuits and corporate strategies, particularly as entities steer through the intricate ramifications of the COVID era.
... 20 GFI >0.90. 21 and TLI >0.90. 22 Factor loadings greater than 0.50 reflect that items are good indicators of associated latent factor. ...
Objective: To develop an indigenous scale in Urdu language and determine psychometric properties to measure prenatal obsessive compulsive symptoms in pregnant women. Study Design: Cross sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Pakistan, from Oct 2018 to Sep 2019. Methodology: Diagnostic criteria of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder present in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 and Cognitive Behavior Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder were followed to develop the scale. An initial item pool comprising 119 items was generated with the help of extensive literature review, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 and focused group interviews. Expert evaluation limited the item pool to 100 questions. Tryout of scale retained 100 items. Items were re-sequenced and rephrased for final administration. Moreover, data were collected by using self-reported questionnaires from 300 pregnant women, selected by using purposive sampling technique from obstetric and psychiatric wards of different private and government hospitals of district Gujrat. Reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were implied for data scrutiny. Results: After final administration of 100 items, 69 items were retained after applying Exploratory Factor Analysis under three sub factors; Obsessions, Compulsions and Impairment of Functioning whereas model fit (p=0.000, CMIN/DF =1.62, CFI=0.934, RMSEA=0.046, SRMR=0.04, GFI=0.834 and TLI=0.93) of Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed 40 items for final scale. Conclusion: Prenatal Obsession Compulsion Scale with 40 items and three subscales is a reliable measure to assess obsessive compulsive symptoms during prenatal period.
... The full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimator was used to account for all observed data, including missing data (≤ 1%). Six fit indices were used to evaluate the model fit, including chi-square statistics (X 2 ), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, RMSEA = < 0.05 (Steiger and Lind 1980), Standardised Root Mean Square Residual, SRMR < 0.05 (Joreskog et al. 1979), Comparative Fit Index, CFI > 0.90 (Bentler 1990), Tucker Lewis Index, TLI > 0.90 (Tucker and Lewis 1973), and the Weighted Root Mean Square Residual, WRMR > 0.90 Muthén 1998-2012) following the conventional cut-off values. These indices perform reasonably well with categorical and ordinal model estimation (Beauducel and Herzberg 2006), and hence fit well with our ordinal data. ...
Background
Identifying personal, social and emotional resources relevant to nurses' wellbeing and job engagement is important for addressing workforce shortages and nurse burnout, and turnover.
Aim
This study examined the relationships between New Zealand (NZ) nurses' personal resources (resilience, adaptability, self‐efficacy, collective efficacy) and their occupational commitment and job engagement.
Sample
Participants were 270 New Zealand nurses.
Methods
Quantitative research design involving a confirmatory factor analysis was used to provide measurement support and to obtain latent correlations among factors. The final analysis was performed using structural equation modelling. The Job Demands‐Resources (JD‐R) model was adopted as the conceptual framework for this study.
Results
The personal resources for New Zealand nurses of self‐efficacy, adaptability and resilience were generally positively associated with their occupational commitment and job engagement. In addition, New Zealand nurses' collective efficacy was seen as important for managing the demands of the job.
Conclusion
Taken together, findings offer an understanding about the salient personal and collective resources in relation to New Zealand nurses wellbeing and job engagement.
Implications for the Profession
Future research could explore how integrating cultural perspectives can improve job satisfaction and retention among nurses who identify as coming from collectivist cultures. The personal resources used in this study also need to be examined from a Māori perspective to ensure their relevance to the health and wellbeing of Māori nurses.
Impact
This study highlights the crucial role of collective support in enhancing job engagement among nurses. It underscores the importance of incorporating a cultural lens in workplace research, showing how collective efficacy can help individual nurses adapt to workplace challenges and reduce their intention to leave amid global nurse shortages.
Reporting Method
STROBE.
No patient/public contribution.
... Goldsmiths Müzikal Sofistikasyon İndeksi (Gold-MSI), çeşitli müzikal davranışlarla ilgili genel müzikal sofistikasyonu, beş alt ölçekle birlikte değerlendirmeyi sağlayan bir öz-bildirim envanteridir (Müllensiefen vd., 2014 (Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1979;Byrne, 2010). Sonuç olarak, Gold-MSI TR'ye ilişkin oluşturulan her iki modelin de iyi uyum kriterlerine sahip olmakla birlikte ikinci modelin tercih edilebileceği anlaşılmaktadır. ...
Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Türkiye'de genel nüfusun müzik yeteneği kavramına ilişkin görüşleri ile müzikal sofistikasyon seviyeleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Bu temel amaç doğrultusunda ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılan araştırmada, 1278 katılımcıdan veri toplanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, katılımcıların demografik özelliklerini öğrenmek üzere Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Müzik Yeteneği Algısı Anketi ve bu çalışma kapsamında Türkçeye uyarlanarak geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılan Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI) kullanılmıştır. Türkçeye uyarlaması yapılan Gold-MSI'ın geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri sonucunda (n=118); Gold-MSI-TR envanterinin alfa katsayıları, Gutmann λ6 güvenirlik katsayıları, test-tekrar test korelasyon katsayıları oldukça yüksek iç tutarlılık göstermiştir. Envanterin tüm alt ölçekleri arasında ve genel müzikal sofistikasyon ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ve orta ile çok güçlü düzeyde ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi 2 model üzerinde incelenmiş ve sonuçlara göre en iyi uyum gösteren (5 ölçek + Genel Müzikal Sofistikasyon) model tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmada, katılımcıların müzik yeteneği algısı ve müzikal sofistikasyon seviyeleri; cinsiyet, yaş, meslek, eğitim durumu, sosyo-ekonomik statü (SES), doğdukları bölge, yaşadıkları bölge, müzik aleti çalma ve müzikle olan ilişkileri gibi demografik değişkenler açısından da incelenmiştir. Türkiye'de genel nüfusun müzik yeteneği kavramına ilişkin görüşleri (n=1152) altı ana tema altında toplanmıştır. Ayrıca, katılımcıların müzik yeteneği kavramına ilişkin görüşleri cinsiyet, yaşadıkları bölge, müzik aleti çalma ve müzikle ilişkilerine göre farklılık göstermiştir. Gold-MSI-TR envanterine ilişkin puanlar incelendiğinde ise (n=1278), katılımcıların genel müzikal sofistikasyon seviyeleri 'orta üstü' olarak belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte; cinsiyet, yaş, meslek, eğitim durumu, SES, doğdukları bölge, müzikle ilişki ve müzik aleti çalma gibi demografik değişkenlere göre anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Duygular alt ölçeği dışındaki tüm alt ölçekler ve genel müzikal sofistikasyon seviyeleri ile müzik yeteneği algıları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Müzik yeteneğine ilişkin görüşlerin, genel müzikal sofistikasyon seviyesi üzerinde anlamlı ve büyük etkilere sahip olduğu saptanmıştır.
... IFI>0.90, TLI>0.90) were used (Joreskog & Sorbom, 1984;Bagozzi & Yi, 1988) The goodness-of-fit values generated as a result of the CFA show that the measurement model fits the data quite well. The structural validity of the model was then ensured using a four-stage approach (convergent, discriminant, nomological, and face validity) (Hair et al., Ibrahim Avci 2010). ...
Purpose-The goal of the research is to determine the perceived efficacy of brand boycotting campaigns by Turkish consumers, as well as the effects of social pressure on boycott intention, the mediating role of social media, and the moderating role of discount sensitivity on these effects.
Theoretical framework-The research idea and model were developed following previous boycott research (Shin and Yoon, 2018; Muhamad et al., 2018; Asnawi et al., 2019; Zhai and Luo, 2023).
Design/methodology/approach-Data were collected from Turkish consumers using the convenience sampling method and an online survey. Using data from 417 consumers, the research hypotheses were investigated using structural equation modeling.
Findings-According to the findings, perceived efficacy and social pressure have a significant effect on consumers' boycott intentions, with social media playing a partial mediating role. Furthermore, consumers' sensitivity to discounts offered by boycotted firms was found to have a moderating effect on the relationship between social pressure and boycott intention.
Practical & social implications of research-Managers of boycotted brands should devise appropriate marketing strategies to minimize damage. Given the importance of social media in boycotts, it is imperative that brands actively use social media as a communication channel.
Originality/value-The fact that the paper examines the idea of boycotting in the context of both social media and consumer discount sensitivity demonstrates the importance of the research and its contribution to filling a gap in the literature.
... Usually, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is used to verify the measurement models developed earlier. However, if the original measurements were adopted or modified or a new measure is developed, it may be profitable to implement a combined exploratory/confirmatory factor analysis (E/CFA) [20,63]. Alternatively, exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) may be used [9,112]. ...
The study aims to identify relationships among selected behavioral characteristics of decision-makers (DMs), i.e., experience in making complex decisions, decision-making style, and ability to use various multiple criteria decision-aiding (MCDA) methods coherently, and their impact on the evaluation of the latter functionality and recommendations for future use. The relationships were verified using experimental data through a structural equation model (SEM) and cluster analysis for three MCDA methods, i.e., AHP, SMART, and TOPSIS. One of the strongest effects identified by SEM was observed between coherence in methods’ use and the DM’s opinion on their functionality. DM’s satisfaction and future willingness to use MCDA tools are related to the positive experience gained from using these tools in advance. Decision-making styles shape method selection, with TOPSIS favored by highly experienced DMs, SMART by highly rational, and AHP by those with low experience and a rational approach
... Voidaan siis olettaa, että näiden faktoreiden taustalla on toisia faktoreita, jotka aiheuttavat η-faktoreiden väliset korrelaatiot. Näitä faktoreiden taustalla vaikuttavia latentteja muuttujia kutsutaan toisen kertaluvun (second-order) faktoreiksi (Jöreskog 1979, Jöreskog & Sörbom 1979, Leskinen 1987. Sisällöllisesti tulkitaan, että samoin kuin havaitut y-muuttujat mittaavat η-faktoreita, ovat η-faktorit toisen kertaluvun faktoreiden mittareita. ...
... According to (Bartholomew 1984): "Deterministic modelling of factor systems is an easy and effective means of formalizing the relationship of economic indicators, which will serve as a basis for quantifying the quantitative influence of individual factors in the change of the performance indicator". If we can add according to: (Joreskog & Sorbom 1979) and (Angelova 2018): "Because deterministic factor analysis is aimed at identifying the influence of the change in the factors involved on the change in the value of the outcome measure of interest, excluding errors, and is most suitable for practical application in market conditions". ...
This article presents a dynamic determined factor analysis of labour productivity in the Bulgarian energy subsector for the period 2013-2022. The purpose of this article is to reveal the quantitative influences of the factors operating revenues and number of employed persons on the development of the indicator labour productivity in the Bulgarian energy subsector through the averaged chain substitution method. The quantitative influences of operating revenues and number of employed persons on the deviation of the labour productivity indicator in the energy subsector are outlined. The results of the deterministic factor analysis make it possible to draw reasonable conclusions and to reveal the trends in the development of the factors operating revenues and number of employed persons, as well as the indicator of labour productivity in the Bulgarian energy subsector.
... Adjusted Goodness of Fit (AGFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), and Normal Fit Index (NFI) become Incremental fit measurements where each meets the critical limit ..90. x 2 /df is a Parsimonious fit measure that meets critical limits \3. Critical limit standards refer to previous studies (Bollen, 1989;Browne & Cudeck, 1993;Hu & Bentler, 1999;Joreskog & Sorbom, 1984;Marsh & Hocevar, 1985), indicating that the study measurement instrument and model are valid. The activity of political expression in this study can be seen in Table 3. ...
Plain Language Summary
Purpose:To evaluate the role of social identity, personal identity, source credibility, and word of mouth in political expression through YouTube. Methods: The sampling used the survey method of distributing study questionnaires through social media networks, with 435 samples. Completed with 10 selected samples are given in-depth interviews. The study used a model integrating social identity and source credibility theory that links social identity, personal identity, source credibility, word of mouth, and political expression. Testing of measurement and structural models using AMOS software 24 showed significant results supporting the study hypothesis. Conclusions: There are psychological aspects and the role of media and content on political expression through YouTube among young people in Jakarta. Personal identity and word of mouth positively affect political expression on YouTube regarding the “presidential term” issue. Word of mouth did not mediate the variables, acting as a significant predictor that directly influenced political expression. Implications: Measuring source credibility by adding attitude aspects to messages is expected to anticipate the findings. This finding can be recommended for parties aiming to use YouTube to create or increase political expression on the issue among young people. Limitations: The sample in this study is Indonesian YouTube users residing in Jakarta. Further study is recommended to expand the geographical area of YouTube users to describe a more comprehensive socio-cultural background.
... ., J) as the subset of MVs which are an expression of the latent variable j. To estimate the model, we followed the partial least squares approach to SEM [39][40][41][42][43], which, together with LISREL [44], is one of the most used estimation methods for latent variable models. Unlike LISREL, the PLS-SEM pursues a predictive aim that is preferable for our research scope. ...
The consumer decision-making process for buying food products is based on various factors. One of these is the perceived value that the consumer acquires upon seeing a certification label, such as “Protected Designation of Origin” (PDO) and “Protected Geographical Indication” (PGI), which is an indicator of product quality and the degree of sustainability of the supply chain. The aim of the study is to identify the main factors influencing the behaviour and purchasing intentions of Italian consumers through the divulgation of a survey and the application of a statistical approach. The results were elaborated upon using a conceptual model, estimated following the partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling. As a result, the perception of quality influences purchasing decisions and food patterns, as labels play an increasing role in contemporary society, thus making quality standards relevant for the buying outcome. This research contributes to supporting studies on the importance of certifications of origin, as well as highlighting that food safety is a major determinant in the purchasing of certified food products.
... Likewise, for the age variable, two large age groups were considered: T-Rs under 45 years of age and T-Rs 45 years of age or older. For the measurement of invariance, the recommendations of Jöreskog and Sörbom (1979) and Vandenberg and Lance (2000) were followed. The four-factor model, product of the previous stage, was taken as a basis and a sequential constraint procedure for nested models was used. ...
The psychometric properties of the Scale to measure the attitude of researchers for scientific-technological collaboration between universities and industry (EA-COOPTEC, for its acronym in Spanish) were analyzed, specifically evidence of construct validity of the internal structure and invariance for gender and age was obtained. The EA-COOPTEC was administered to 179 academic Teachers–Researchers (T-Rs) involved in Universities-Industry Collaboration (UIC) activities: 50 women and 129 men. Participants had a median age of 36–40 years. A descriptive analysis was implemented, as well as an Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (EFA and CFA), and a method of succession of nested models for invariance testing. A four-factor model explaining the perception of UIC activities was generated and evidence of invariance for gender and partial invariance for age was obtained. Acceptable fit indices were obtained for the configurational, weak, strong and strict. Given the results, we recommend the use of the EA-COOPTEC v0.1 for the analysis of the mean differences between genders and age in T-Rs.
... In the 1970s and 1980s, path analysis was integrated into the broader framework of structural equation modeling (SEM). SEM is a multivariate statistical technique that combines factor analysis and path analysis to examine the relationships among latent variables (unobserved constructs) and observed variables (measured indicators; Jöreskog, & Sörbom, 1979;Kline, 2015). The integration of path analysis into SEM allowed researchers to test more sophisticated models involving both observed and latent variables. ...
Path Analysis is used to provide estimates of the magnitude and significance of hypothesized causal connections among sets of variables displayed using path diagrams. It is an extension of multiple regression analysis and holds strength as a methodology as it allows researchers to assess both direct and indirect effects of multiple independent variables on one or more dependent variables. In this paper, Path Analysis is used to examine the predictive relations of preservice teachers’ perception of key Problem-based Learning (PBL) processes and their learning strategies before and after their PBL experience. The sample involved in this study comprised of 1041 preservice teachers in the core Educational Psychology course using the PBL approach at a Teacher Education Institute in Singapore. The participants consisted of 333 males, 662 females, and 46 preservice teachers who did not indicate their gender. The mean age was 25.6 (SD = 5.41). The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) by Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, and Mckeachie (1993) was used to measure preservice teachers’ learning strategies. It consisted of five subscales namely, rehearsal, elaboration, organization, critical thinking and metacognitive self-regulation. The Problem-based Learning Process Inventory (PBLPI) by Chua (2016) was used to measure the key PBL processes namely problem-posing, scaffolding and connecting. Findings from the study suggested that in the PBL environment, (i) preservice teachers’ pre-PBL metacognitive self-regulation played a pivotal role in determining preservice teachers’ perceived importance of the key processes in enhancing their PBL experience; (ii) the key PBL scaffolding and connecting processes were salient predictors of preservice teachers’ subsequent post-PBL learning strategies; and (iii) the key PBL processes played a mediating role in relating preservice teachers’ pre-PBL learning strategies to their corresponding post-PBL factors. Implications for using path analysis for Problem-based Learning research will be discussed.
... As a first step, to examine whether the structure of conflict management is the same over time and across relationships, we used Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM, Marsh et al., 2014) in addition to traditional Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA, Joreskog and Sorbom, 1979). We chose this approach, rather than the traditional use of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) followed by a CFA, for several reasons. ...
Close interpersonal conflicts between parents and children, marital or romantic partners, and between friends are common, and adjustment in youth and adults depends on how these conflicts are managed. While conflict management is important for relationships and adjustment, the structure of conflict management in adults or in youths has rarely been examined. Knowing how conflict management is structured, and whether this structure changes with age and relationships, is important to understanding what factors influence the development of conflict management skills, and how to intervene. In the current study, we explored the unidimensional vs. multidimensional structure of conflict management in family relationships, friendships and romantic relationships across adolescence and adulthood. The sample consisted of 497 Dutch adolescents (57% boys, Mage = 13.03, SD = 0.46, 11–15 years old) who were followed over 11 years in 9 measurement waves, and their parents, siblings, best friends (six waves), and romantic partner (three waves). First-order factor analyses (CFA) showed that the structure of conflict management is similar for adolescents and adults, across relationships. The results of second-order models, including the theoretical higher dimensions positive/negative conflict management and engagement/disengagement, showed no support for these higher dimensions. The results of bifactor models showed differences between adults and youths: while positive problem solving was part of the general factor of conflict management in adults, it was not part of this general factor in adolescents. The general factor was linked to increases in internalizing and externalizing problems, and with decreases in prosocial behavior. Overall, the bifactor models increased the interpretability and validity of the conflict management measure.
... The Alternative Pool of Items was motivated by empirical and theoretical evidence of the relevance of the AQ, BAPQ, and SRS-2 items for assessing the BAP around two domains (Godoy-Giménez, González-Rodríguez, Cañadas, et al., 2022). Starting from the final items selected in Godoy-Giménez, González-Rodríguez, Cañadas, et al. (2022), we conducted an additional exploratory factor analysis in the confirmatory factor analysis framework (EFA in the CFA framework) Brown, 2015;Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1979;Muthén & Muthén, 1998-2012) on a different sample that the one employed in this study (detailed in Supplementary Document 4) that resulted in the selection of 10 items (see Table 2 in Supplementary Document 4; SOCIAL-BAP had seven items and RIRE-BAP three), three from the AQ ( Baron-Cohen et al., 2001), three from the BAPQ (Hurley et al., 2007), and four from the SRS-2 (Constantino & Gruber, 2012). ...
The broad autism phenotype is the phenotypic expression of the primary characteristics of autism. However, currently available tests do not agree with the two-domain operationalization of broad autism phenotype or autism, and their internal structure has shown instability across applications. This study presents the Broad Autism Phenotype–International Test, the first such test designed to target a two-domain operationalization in Spain and the United Kingdom. A broad pilot study was conducted in three community samples, two from Spain (ES1, N = 970; ES2, N = 460) and one from the United Kingdom (N = 530). The Broad Autism Phenotype–International Test consists of 20 items distributed into the SOCIAL-BAP and RIRE-BAP dimensions, representing the seven autistic subdomains. Common factor approaches were used to find a simple and invariant factor structure between countries. The Broad Autism Phenotype–International Test presents full metric invariance between two Spanish samples, partial invariance between countries, and adequate omega reliability estimation. Evidence-based results on the relationships of the SOCIAL-BAP and RIRE-BAP to other variables (the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 and the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire) support the interpretation of its scores for the intended uses. The evidence provided in this article shows that the Broad Autism Phenotype–International Test functions adequately compared to other available broad autism phenotype tests, such as the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire.
Lay abstract
The broad autism phenotype refers to a group of behaviors related to autism spectrum disorder, but that appear to a lesser extent. Its assessment has been performed through outdated broad autism phenotype/autism spectrum disorder definitions and tests. To address this problem, this study presents the development of a new test, the Broad Autism Phenotype–International Test, a 20-item measure consisting of two dimensions, SOCIAL-BAP and RIRE-BAP, targeting the two-domain operationalization of autism spectrum disorder in Spain and the United Kingdom. Unlike the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire, this test received empirical support as a quick and effective broad autism phenotype measure that can facilitate both broad autism phenotype/autism spectrum disorder research and interventions. This is the first step to studying the BAP in several Spanish and English-speaking countries.
... The Alternative Pool of Items was motivated by empirical and theoretical evidence of the relevance of the AQ, BAPQ, and SRS-2 items for assessing the BAP around two domains (Godoy-Giménez, González-Rodríguez, Cañadas, et al., 2022). Starting from the final items selected in Godoy-Giménez, González-Rodríguez, Cañadas, et al. (2022), we conducted an additional exploratory factor analysis in the confirmatory factor analysis framework (EFA in the CFA framework) Brown, 2015;Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1979;Muthén & Muthén, 1998-2012) on a different sample that the one employed in this study (detailed in Supplementary Document 4) that resulted in the selection of 10 items (see Table 2 in Supplementary Document 4; SOCIAL-BAP had seven items and RIRE-BAP three), three from the AQ ( Baron-Cohen et al., 2001), three from the BAPQ (Hurley et al., 2007), and four from the SRS-2 (Constantino & Gruber, 2012). ...
The broad autism phenotype is the phenotypic expression of the primary characteristics of autism. However, currently available tests do not agree with the two-domain operationalization of broad autism phenotype or autism, and their internal structure has shown instability across applications. This study presents the Broad Autism Phenotype–International Test, the first such test designed to target a two-domain operationalization in Spain and the United Kingdom. A broad pilot study was conducted in three community samples, two from Spain (ES1, N = 970; ES2, N = 460) and one from the United Kingdom (N = 530). The Broad Autism Phenotype–International Test consists of 20 items distributed into the SOCIAL-BAP and RIRE-BAP dimensions, representing the seven autistic subdomains. Common factor approaches were used to find a simple and invariant factor structure between countries. The Broad Autism Phenotype–International Test presents full metric invariance between two Spanish samples, partial invariance between countries, and adequate omega reliability estimation. Evidence-based results on the relationships of the SOCIAL-BAP and RIRE-BAP to other variables (the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 and the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire) support the interpretation of its scores for the intended uses. The evidence provided in this article shows that the Broad Autism Phenotype–International Test functions adequately compared to other available broad autism phenotype tests, such as the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire.
... Finally, the multiple indicators cause structural model, named MIMIC, was developed to analyze the theoretical model included in this study. This SEM procedure may be considered better than other statistical procedures, for example, hierarchy regression or path analysis for two reasons: (i) here, there is not an effect from errors on the support for tourism and (ii) allowing for consideration the relationship between the construct support for the tourism and its items (Jöreskog and Sörbom, 1979). In the results chapter, standardized coefficients for the independent variables were considered and maximum likelihood was the estimation method. ...
Residents are key actors in the management of tourist destinations, especially in times of uncertainty such as those that characterize the current context of multidimensional crisis (ecological, political, social or economic). The role of tourism in these crises, its contribution to their acceleration or its work in recovery, makes it necessary to deepen the support of residents for tourism in complex times such as the present. The context generated by the COVID-19 health crisis is a good framework for this reflection, although it has not been sufficiently explored. This article draws on Social Exchange Theory to explain residents' support for tourism in urban destinations during periods of uncertainty such as those generated by the health crisis, focusing on factors that have so far been little explored: risk perception, community involvement and the management of tourism constraints. A structural multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) model is proposed to test the theoretical model. Using data derived from a survey of 342 residents in the city of Madrid (Spain), the results show that, in addition to benefits as a predictor of residents' support for tourism in contexts of uncertainty, risk perception and the management of tourism constraints are also relevant determinants of this support. The findings have important implications for decision-makers and public managers of urban destinations in the current period of multiple crises.
... Ein Strukturmodell definiert die Art der Beziehungen zwischen den Faktoren, also z. B., welche Faktoren auf bestimmte andere Faktoren direkt oder indirekt Einfluss nehmen(Kunnan 1998, Brown 2006, Ockey 2014). ein CFA-Modell überprüft werden kann, ist zu gewährleisten, dass alle Parameter des Modells (z. ...
The chapter provides an introductory overview of exploratory and confirmatory factor-analytic methods focusing on applications in language testing and assessment.
... Therefore, with both Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability values exceeding the acceptable thresholds, we can have greater confidence in the reliability of our measurement model and the accurate representation of the constructs in our study (Henson, 2001). Following the guidelines suggested by Jöreskog and Sörbom (1979), we confirmed that each item's factor loading values (λ) were greater than 0.5. Meeting these criteria is crucial as it indicates that the items substantially influence their respective latent constructs and contribute significantly to the measurement model. ...
This study draws on the social information processing theory to investigate the link between environmental-specific transformational leadership (ESTFL) and organizational environmental reputation. The study investigates the interplay of environmental consciousness as a mediator and green technology dynamism as a moderator. A multi-wave time-lagged research design comprised 412 employees in Chinese hospitality and tourism organizations. The hypothesized model was tested by using Partial Least Square Structural Equation. The results show a positive association between ESTFL, environmental consciousness, and organizational environmental reputation. Moreover, the results suggest that the connection between ESTFL and environmental reputation is mediated by environmental consciousness. Notably, the presence of green technology dynamism was found to moderate this mediation, resulting in higher levels of environmental reputation.
... This identified six clearly differentiated dimensions: (1) restaurant performance, (2) customer experience, (3) customer satisfaction, (4) customer status, (5) restaurant recommendation, and (6) destination recommendation. Table II shows the results of this CFA: the probability for chi-squared returned a value of 0.25559, which was above 0.05, implying a good model fit (Jöreskog and Sörbom, 1996); convergent validity was proven, because factor loadings were significant and greater than 0.75 (Bagozzi, 1980;Bagozzi and Yi, 1988;Hair et al., 2006) and also because the average variance extracted (AVE) for each factor was higher than 0.8 (Fornell and Larcker, 1981). Reliability was established because the composite reliability (CR) of each of the dimensions was above 0.8 (Bagozzi and Yi, 1988). ...
... The full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimator will be used to handle missing data. Conventional fit indices will be used to evaluate the model fit including chi-square statistics, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA; Steiger & Lind, 1980), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1979), Comparative Fit Index (Bentler, 1990), Tucker Lewis Index (Tucker & Lewis, 1973), and the Weighted Root Mean Square Residual (Muthén & Muthén, 1998-2012 following the conventional cut-off values. The indices used have been proven through simulation with data performing reasonably well with categorical and ordinal model estimation (Beauducel & Herzberg, 2006;Muthén & Muthén, 1998-2012Yu & Muthén, 2002), and hence will fit well with our ordinal data. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic presented significant job engagement challenges for the nursing workforce with increased pressures and workplace changes. Nursing staff shortages have increased nurse anxiety, burnout, fear, low morale and intentions to leave the profession. Nursing care is inherently stressful and at times complex, with stress often due to work inconsistencies, a lack of role clarity, workloads and time pressures. This study explores nurses job engagement, by looking specifically at nurses social-emotional attributes – Occupational Commitment, Self-efficacy Beliefs, Collective Efficacy Beliefs, Resilience, Adaptability and Emotional Labour. This protocol describes a mixed methods convergent parallel study, incorporating a survey questionnaire. The survey comprised of quantitative and qualitative questions, with data collected simultaneously, analysed separately, and integrated in the final analysis step. The survey design used validated social-emotional items, sorting and ranking questions and short answer responses. Analysis will involve individual and comparative analysis of the two participants groups, they are: Australian nurses ( n = 86) and New Zealand Nurses ( n = 275). Data collection was conducted during two different time periods – Australian pilot (2020-21) and in New Zealand (2022–2023). Recruitment involved the use of professional and personal nursing networks, newsletters and social media communications. Ethics approval was obtained through participating universities in both countries. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conferences, blogs, newsletters and reports to nursing networks. The study will provide valuable insights into nurses’ social-emotional attributes and the role they play in job engagement.
... Harvey et al. noted that each of seven subscales of the JDS contains three items, each of a somewhat different format. These investigators placed data from a sample of employees into a multitrait-multimethod matrix, and then conducted covariance structure analysis (LISREL; Joreskog & Sorbom, 1979). The researchers fitted several models and found that a model containing two latent factors of method variance best fitted the data. ...
Method variance is an artifact of measurement that biases results when relations are explored among constructs measured by the same method. The existence of method variance was explored for affective and perceptual constructs frequently used in organizational research. Data from multitrait-multimethod analyses, studies of social desirability and acquiescence, and relation of self-report and records of absenteeism were presented. Little evidence for method variance as a biasing problem was found with these measures. I conclude that properly developed instruments of the type studied here are resistant to the method variance problem, but that validity of these instruments cannot be assumed on the basis of these results.
... Study II had two aims. The first aim was to test the factor structure of the questionnaire developed in Study I using the Unrestricted Confirmatory Factor Analysis framework (U-CFA; [48]), and to compare the results with those deriving from the traditional Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) approach. The second aim was to test the convergent validity of the scale by examining the correlations between the IMSs and personality traits [49,50], basic human values [51], and attachment subdimensions [52]. ...
Framed within the evolutionary framework, the Interpersonal Motivational System (IMS) theory suggests that eight distinct motivational impulses drive interpersonal human relationships, namely caregiving, social affiliation, attachment, rank-dominance, rank-submission, social play, cooperation, and sexuality. This theory has been widely applied in clinical practice, where psychopathology is viewed as the result of non-flexible or excessive activation of one system over another. Despite its clinical relevance, empirical studies aimed at measuring IMSs are scarce. This paper contributed to filling this gap by proposing a questionnaire to measure individuals’ activation of the eight IMSs. Two studies involving large samples of adults were conducted. The first study (N = 455; 76.5% females) concerned the development of the questionnaire and examination of its content validity through explorative factor analysis. In the second study (N = 635; 54.8% females), confirmatory factor analyses were performed to further refine and confirm the instrument’s factor structure. The final version consisted of 50 items. Empirical validity was established by investigating the correlations between the eight IMSs and other related measures (i.e., personality traits, human basic values, and attachment dimensions). The findings suggest that the IMS framework can be used to understand individual differences in motivation and behavior in different social contexts.
... According to Bartholomew (1984), "deterministic modelling of factor systems is a simple and effective means of formalising the relationship of economic indicators, which serves as a basis for quantifying the quantitative influence of individual factors in the change of the performance indicator". If we may add, according to Joreskog and Sorbom (1979), "due to the fact that deterministic factor analysis is aimed at identifying the influence of the change in the factors on the change in the value of the resultative indicator of interest, excluding error, it is most relevant for practical application in market conditions". ...
This article presents a dynamic deterministic factor analysis of labour productivity in Bulgarian mining industry for the 2008-2021 period. The objective of this article is to reveal the quantitative impact of the factors of operating income and number of employed persons on the development of the indicator for labour productivity in the Bulgarian mining industry using the averaged chain substitution method. Quantitative impacts of net operating income and number of employed persons on the evolution of the indicator of labour productivity in the mining industry have been identified. The results of the deterministic factor analysis allowed us to draw reasonable conclusions and to reveal the trends of development of the factors of operating income and number of employed persons as well as of the factor of labour productivity in Bulgarian mining industry. Key words: Bulgarian mining industry, labour productivity, dynamic deterministic factor analysis, averaged chain substitution method.
... Once the preliminary analysis and the quality criteria were taken into account, we proceeded to analyze the model of three factors [Course Organization (F1), Quality of Teaching (F2), and Evaluation and Feedback of Learning (F3)] that underlie in the internal structure of the EEDDocente through the CFA application. For this, the Weighted Least Squares (WLS) and Robust Weighted Least Squares (WLSMV) estimation methods were applied (Jöreskog and Sörbom, 1979;Brown, 2015;Kline, 2015;Gazeloglu and Greenacre, 2020). On the other hand, in the evaluation of the adjustment indexes, the recommendations of Hu and Bentler (1999) and Hair et al. (2019). ...
The use of scales to evaluate teaching from the students’ perspective is a method frequently used in educational systems around the world. The objective of this study is to analyze the factorial structure of the Teaching Performance Evaluation Scale (EEDDocente, by acronyms in Spanish) designed with the purpose of providing information that favors decision-making based on evidence for the improvement of teaching in the area of Social Sciences, as well as measuring the invariance by School stage and Educational Program. The sample consisted of 1,849 students of the Bachelor’s Degrees in Law, Psychology, Accounting, Administration, Education Sciences, Communication Sciences, Computer Science, and Sociology of the School of Social and Administrative Sciences (FCAyS) of the Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexico. Based on a three-factor model that meets the fit and quality criteria, a Multi-group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA) was performed to measure the invariance of the EEDDocente by School stage and Educational program. It is concluded that the three-factor model can be used to measure, from the students’ perspective, the performance of teachers in the Area of Social Sciences. Likewise, it is concluded that the invariance of the simultaneous measurement is achieved, providing evidence to perform mean difference analysis between the different Educational programs.
... (1) Model chi-square; (2) Comparative Fit Index (CFI); (3) Tucker Lewis Index (TLI); and (4) Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). Based on the standards for the fit indexes established in the previous literature (Bentler, 1990;Browne & Cudeck, 1989;Joreskog & Sorbom, 1984), the model fit was poor, χ 2 (588) = 1098.85, p < .001, ...
... The structural nested mean model with g-estimation demonstrated efficient estimation in this application. The study of causal reciprocal effects between two variables (so-called cross-lagged effects), dates to early time-series analysis, and was incorporated in the SEM framework (Jöreskog, 1970;Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1979), in the form of the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM), which became especially popular in the behavioral and psychological science research. A recent review of medical journals found 270 papers published between 2009 and 2019 that used CLPM (Usami et al., 2019b). ...
Objective:
To estimate the causal effect of executive functioning on the remission of depression and anxiety symptoms in an observational dataset from a vocational rehabilitation program. It is also an aim to promote a method from the causal inference literature and to illustrate its value in this setting.
Method:
With longitudinal (four-time points over 13 months) data from four independent sites, we compiled a dataset with 390 participants. At each time point, participants were tested on executive function and self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. We used g-estimation to evaluate whether objectively tested cognitive flexibility affected depressive/anxious symptoms and tested for moderation. Multiple imputations were used to handle missing data.
Results:
The g-estimation showed a strong causal effect of cognitive inflexibility reducing depression and anxiety and modified by education level. In a counterfactual framework, a hypothetical intervention that could lower cognitive flexibility seemed to cause improvement in mental distress at the subsequent time-point (negative sign) for low education. The less flexibility, the larger improvement. For high education, the same but weaker effect was found, with a change in sign, negative during the intervention and positive during follow-up.
Discussion:
An unexpected and strong effect was found from cognitive inflexibility on symptom improvement. This study demonstrates how to estimate causal psychological effects with standard software in an observational dataset with substantial missing and shows the value of such methods.
... GFI is calculated which equals 0.936. The acceptable range is greater than 0.9 [21]. Incremental Model Fit: AGFI for this model is 0.954. ...
Along with the development of the Fintech industry fundamentally during the last decades and the backdrop of the prevailing pandemic situation, the present study examines the intention of Fintech adoption in the perspective of the technology acceptance model (TAM) reflecting the chain relationship among consumer’s trust, attitude, and intention of adoption of Fintech. The analysis through structural equation modeling (SEM), with a sample of 110 respondents, we concluded that consumers’ attitude of adoption of Fintech has a very high and significant impact on the intention of adoption. The impact of trust on the attitude is also significant but not as high as compared to the attitude on intention. Therefore, the companies should work on generating trust to make the chain effective.
Background: Evaluation work frequently utilizes factor analysis to establish the dimensionality, reliability, and stability of surveys. However, survey data is typically ordinal, violating the assumptions of most statistical methods, and thus is often factor-analyzed inappropriately. Purpose: This study illustrates the salient analytical decisions for factor-analyzing ordinal survey data appropriately and demonstrates the repercussions of inappropriate analyses. Setting: The data used for this study are drawn from an evaluation of the efficacy of a drama-based approach to teaching Shakespeare in elementary and middle school. Intervention: Not applicable. Research Design: Survey research. Data Collection and Analysis: Four factor analytic methods were compared: a traditional exploratory factor analysis (EFA), a full-information EFA, and two EFAs within the confirmatory factor analysis framework (E/CFA) conducted according to the Jöreskog method and the Gugiu method. Findings: Methods appropriate for ordinal data produce better models, the E/CFAs outperform the EFAs, and the Gugiu method demonstrates greater model interpretability and stability than the Jöreskog method. These results suggest that the Gugiu E/CFA may be the preferable factor analytic method for use with ordinal data. Practical applications of these findings are discussed.
The main purpose of this study was to establish the mediating effect of customer perceptions on the relationship between the dimensions of the social customer relationship management process and relationship quality. The study utilized an explanatory research design with a target population of an average of 16,464 customers per month from online hotel bookings from three five-star rated hotels in Nairobi. A sample size of 390 was selected using simple random sampling for customers. Data was collected from customers using a structured questionnaire. The results for the direct effect indicated a positive and significant effect of processes dimension on relationship quality in hotels. Further, customer perceptions partly mediated the relationship process dimensions and hotel relationship quality. The study concludes that the process dimension of social customer relationship management significantly affects relationship quality through customer perceptions. Thus, the study recommends that hotels focus more on the hotels process dimensions as they seem to majorly affect relationship quality. Although Social CRM strategies were found not to affect relationship quality, realigning the strategies from sales and marketing to link with processes and data could boost relationship quality. The study recommends that management should focus on training employees on social media and organizational processes while constantly monitoring and addressing issues raised in social networks to build robust customer relationships.
Introduction
The rigorous nature of medical education, long and night shifts, and prevalent issues like stress, anxiety, and depression affect medical students’ mental well-being and medical professionalism. This study aims to explore the intricate relationships between mental well-being, medical professionalism, and coping strategies, among undergraduate medical students, utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM) to unravel these dynamics.
Methods
Conducted at Universiti Sains Malaysia, this cross-sectional study involved 234 medical students from the 1st, 3rd, and 5th years of the MBBS program. Data were collected via five validated survey instruments: DASS-9, TEQ, Dundee, Brief COPE, and CBI, through Google Forms. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. The surveys assessed mental well-being (burnout, anxiety, depression, stress), coping strategies, and medical professionalism attributes. Model fit was evaluated using established indices.
Results
Findings indicated that professional behavior reduces burnout and negatively impacts negative coping strategies (NCSs). Additionally, medical professionalism indirectly enhances empathy and positively influences CSs. Conversely, psychological distress increases NCSs and reduces empathy. Positive coping strategies (PCSs) enhance empathy levels, while MWB issues elevate NCSs.
Discussion
The study underscores the vital role of professional behavior in mitigating burnout and fostering positive coping mechanisms among medical students. Addressing MWB issues through targeted interventions can enhance empathy and professional behavior, ultimately improving the quality of patient care.
This research provides a comprehensive examination of the factors influencing e-governance adoption in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It leverages a combined framework integrating the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model. This approach, integrating specific variables like trust, which encompasses information security, is particularly relevant in the context of the Democratic Republic of the Congo's unique socio-political environment, where digital governance offers significant potential for improving public services and fostering transparency. The research employs a robust methodology, including a survey of 154 respondents and the use of Covariance-based Structured Equation Model analysis to identify the key factors influencing e-governance adoption. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners working on e-governance initiatives, not only in the DR Congo but also in developing countries facing similar challenges. Results show that users value e-governance systems that are easy to navigate and use. The access to accurate and relevant information is essential for effective e-governance adoption. Furthermore, facilitating conditions such as access to resources, knowledge, and compatible technology are crucial for enabling citizen engagement. Additionally, social influence, including social norms and perceived image, impacts users' attitudes and intentions towards e-governance adoption. Building trust in government is critical for encouraging citizen participation and adoption of e-governance services.
Background
Health care costs are rising rapidly in Western societies. Understanding the benefits and costs of care is crucial to maintaining or improving existing health care systems. We propose an instrument that provides a clear overview of both the costs and returns of a treatment to improve the quality of care while keeping the costs affordable.
Methods
First, a general value-based healthcare concept was developed as an efficacy index. Second, a Physiotherapy-specific Efficacy Index (PE-Index) for musculoskeletal disorders was formulated based on pain and functional improvement, treatments, and episode duration. The PE-Index 's discriminative value was assessed using a linear mixed model with physiotherapy practices as a random effect in real-world data from a national registry. Variation attributed to practices was quantified by an intraclass correlation coefficient. Separate linear mixed models and a radar plot (PE-Graph) visualized individual PE-Index components. Lastly, stakeholders evaluated the PE-Index and PE-Graph for internal quality improvement and external transparency through surveys and advisory board meetings.
Results
In total, 95.805 episodes treated in 370 practices were included in the linear mixed models. The PE-Index demonstrated an adequate discriminative ability with an ICC of 0.118.
Stakeholders agree that the PE-Index and the PE-Chart are appropriate for improvement of quality of care and enhancing the current system for external transparency. Nevertheless, because of concerns about a too hasty implementation and the risk of strategic gaming, both were not considered suitable for external transparency right now.
Conclusions
The PE-Index and PE-Graph are adequate instruments to discriminate between practices and can be used for internal quality improvement, however, are not yet suitable for external transparency purposes.
The article explores the nature and trends of hydrochemical parameter connection and changes in the Lower Danube basin. The research examines nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand as indicators of anthropogenic influence and surface water quality alterations. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2023 at three sampling points: the Reni and Vilkovo water intakes on the Danube River and the Yalpuh Reservoir, which is connected to the Danube. The study employed mathematical statistics approaches. The research established changes in annual median values, investigated correlation links between chemical components by Spearman correlation, and implemented factor analysis by minimizing residuals. A spatiotemporal analysis of chemical components indicative of anthropogenic impact on the Lower Danube surface water revealed notable changes in the basin during 2019-2021. These changes were manifested as a sharp increase in ammonium concentrations and phosphate growth since 2020-2021, an abnormal decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in 2019, a decrease in BOD within Yalpuh to the Danube BOD level, and a shift in trends from decreasing to increasing for nitrites. The water quality class also changed. Currently, the Danube River water is of the third quality class for nitrates, phosphates, and ammonium. In the Yalpuh Reservoir, it is of the 2nd class for nitrogen compounds and the 3rd class for phosphates. Two principal groups of chemical components are identified based on their underlying causes and sources, as revealed by correlation and factor analysis. A consistent relationship is observed between ammonium and phosphates across all monitoring sites, suggesting their role as pollutants entering surface waters via wastewater discharge and agricultural runoff and representing the main anthropogenic impact factor. The Danube River displays a specific relationship between nitrates and dissolved oxygen, reflecting the seasonal fluctuations in their concentrations and their underlying causes of changes, which stem from both anthropogenic and natural processes.
Directed mixed graphs permit directed and bidirected edges between any two vertices. They were first considered in the path analysis developed by Sewall Wright and play an essential role in statistical modeling. We introduce a matrix algebra for walks on such graphs. Each element of the algebra is a matrix whose entries are sets of walks on the graph from the corresponding row to the corresponding column. The matrix algebra is then generated by applying addition (set union), multiplication (concatenation), and transpose to the two basic matrices consisting of directed and bidirected edges. We use it to formalize, in the context of Gaussian linear systems, the correspondence between important graphical concepts such as latent projection and graph separation with important probabilistic concepts such as marginalization and (conditional) independence. In two further examples regarding confounder adjustment and the augmentation criterion, we illustrate how the algebra allows us to visualize complex graphical proofs. A "dictionary" and LATEX macros for the matrix algebra are provided in the Appendix.
The business world is experiencing rapid technological integrations. Several innovations have contributed to the success of businesses as the customer continues to play a strategic role in innovation's acceptance or rejection. Open banking is a disruptive innovation that represents a departure from the traditions in emerging markets where financial inclusion has been focused on the consumer. It is rapidly being adopted in developed economies with developing economies such as Nigeria and India making incursions in adopting the innovation. Its ability to impact the business environment and improve access to financial services depends on customers' consented data thereby making customers significant to its success. The challenge is on rising data privacy violation and data leakage. The purpose of the study is to examine the determinants of the success of open banking in Nigeria from customers' perspective. The (Online) analysing the data. The findings revealed that customers consent to open banking is positively influenced by the direct effects of compatibility and customers' perception of security and trust. Also, the success of the innovation is impacted by the negative link between perceived access, perceived risk and customers consent to open banking. The significant result of the indirect relationships also justifies the importance of these variables in ensuring the success of open banking in Nigeria. With this, emphasis is on strategic management and policy drives that ensure effectiveness and protection of customers.
Amaç: Kavramsal açıdan Fishbein ve Ajzen’in Planlı Davranışlar Teorisi’ni (1991) temel alan ve teknoloji kullanım davranışını açıklamak için geliştirilen Teknoloji Kabul Modeli’ne (Davis, 1989) dayanarak; bu modele güven, haz, kalite, niyet ve tutum gibi faktörler dahil edilerek ilerletilmiş bir model olan Genişletilmiş Online Alışveriş Kabul Modeli (GOAKM) kullanılan bu bilimsel araştırmanın hedefi; İstanbul ilinde ikamet eden tüketicilerin çevrimiçi kanallardan (web siteler, uygulamalar vs.) market alışverişi yapma davranışlarını hangi faktörlerin etkilediğini belirlemek ve çevrimiçi pazarlarda hem pazarlamacılar hem de perakendeciler açısından faydalı olabilecek bulgular ve öneriler ortaya koymaktır. Tasarım/Yöntem: Bu çalışmada kullanılan tasarım, Genişletilmiş Online Alışveriş Kabul Modeli (GOAKM) ile çevrimiçi market alışverişi yapan tüketicilerin davranışlarını belirlemeye yöneliktir. Araştırma modeli olan Genişletilmiş Online Alışveriş Kabul Modeli’nin teorik altyapısı ise Teknoloji Kabul Modeli (TKM) ve Online Alışveriş Kabul Modeli (OAKM)’ne dayanmaktadır. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak, İstanbul ilinde yaşayan ve çevrimiçi market alışverişi yapan 18 yaş ve üstündeki tüketiciler arasında kolayda örnekleme metodu kullanılmıştır. Çevrimiçi market alışverişinin kendi ekosistemi içerisindeki uygulamaları (online sipariş, tedarik vs.) açısından araştırma, tüm çevrimiçi kanalların aktif olarak hizmet verdiği yer olan İstanbul ilinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın hedefi, tüketicilerin çevrimiçi market alışverişine yönelik tutumları, satın alma niyetleri ve bu niyetleri etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Ayrıca ilgi alanına özel yenilikçiliğin, çevrimiçi market alışveriş niyeti üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Veriler, 5’li Likert ölçeğine dayalı çevrimiçi anket aracılığıyla toplanmış ve istatistiksel analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre İstanbul ilinde çevrimiçi market alışverişi yapan 18 yaş ve üzerindeki katılımcılardan, kolayda örnekleme metoduyla toplanan 394 anket verisi, istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak analize tabi tutulmuştur. Sonuçlar: İstanbul ilinde yaşayan ve çevrimiçi market alışverişi yapan tüketiciler aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre; algılanan bilgi kalitesi ve algılanan servis kalitesi artığında, algılanan kullanım kolaylığının artacağı; algılanan sistem kalitesinin ise anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Algılanan kullanım kolaylığı arttığında, algılanan kullanışlılık düzeyi artarken algılanan niyet düzeyinin aksine azalacağı belirlenmiştir. Algılanan haz arttığında, algılanan kullanışlılık ve algılanan tutum düzeyinin artacağı görülürken; algılanan kullanışlılık arttığında, algılanan tutum ve algılanan niyet düzeyinin de artacağı elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, algılanan güvenin, algılanan tutumu artıracağı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak algılanan güvenin, algılanan kullanışlılık ve algılanan niyete etkisi söz konusu değildir. Algılanan tutumun, algılanan niyeti artıracağı tespit edilmiştir. Çevrimiçi market alışverişi niyetinin, gerçek davranış üzerine pozitif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi belirlenmiştir. İlgi alanına özel yenilikçilik geliştirildiğinde, çevrimiçi market alışveriş niyetinin artacağı tespit edilmiştir. Özgün Değer: Bu çalışmanın özgün değeri, İstanbul’daki çevrimiçi market pazarına odaklanarak, bu alandaki tüketici davranışlarını analiz eden Genişletilmiş Online Alışveriş Kabul Modeli (GOAKM)'nin kullanılmasında yatmaktadır. Çalışma, Fishbein ve Ajzen’in Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi’ni temel alarak üzerine inşa edilen, Teknoloji Kabul Modeli referans alınarak geliştirilen bir modeli, çevrimiçi market alışverişi alanında uygulayarak, çevrimiçi market alışverişine yönelik tüketicilerin tutumlarını, niyetlerini ve satın alma davranışlarını etkileyen faktörleri detaylı bir şekilde incelemiştir. Ayrıca, ilgi alanına özel yenilikçilik gibi yeni bir değişkenin eklenmesi, modelin kapsamını genişleterek çevrimiçi alışveriş niyeti üzerindeki etkilerini ölçmüştür. Bu özellikler, çevrimiçi market alışveriş davranışlarına yönelik stratejilerin geliştirilmesine yardımcı olan çalışmanın, çevrimiçi perakende ve pazarlama literatürüne katkıda bulunmasını sağlamaktadır.
Based on the job demands–resources model, self-determination theory, and social exchange theory, this study examines the influence of supportive leadership on job burnout and occupational commitment. The study also investigates the mediating role of intrinsic motivation. This study collected 221 valid questionnaires from 5 insurance companies in southern Taiwan and applied structural equation modeling using confirmatory factor analysis and bootstrapping to verify the proposed hypotheses. Extensive validation processes are also conducted to verify the fitness of the measurement model. The results confirm that supportive leadership directly affects job burnout and occupational commitment, and that intrinsic motivation significantly mediates the effect of supportive leadership on job burnout and occupational commitment. Finally, the study provides practical insights for researchers and professionals and proposes directions for future research. Keywords: Supportive leadership, Intrinsic motivation, Job burnout, Occupational commitment, Taiwan insurance industry.
The aim of this study was to examine genetic influences on cognitive ability in adulthood in the context of the relationship between perceptual speed and cognitive aging. Quantitative genetic analysis of data from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging allowed for estimation of the contribution of age, genetic, and environmental effects to the variance in a latent cognitive factor and to the covariance between the cognitive factor and perceptual speed. The sample included 292 pairs of monozygotic and dizygotic twins, both reared together and reared apart, ranging in age from 40 to 84 years. Analysis of components of total variance in the cognitive factor indicated that 90% of the age-related variance in the cognitive factor was shared with perceptual speed and 70% of the genetic variance in the cognitive factor was shared with perceptual speed. The correlation between the speed and cognitive factors was primarily genetically mediated.
The demand for the aviation industry has grown as a result of the shift in people's travel preferences brought on by rising wealth and expanding trade in the world and in our nation. Air travel is now preferred due to state assistance, new airports, superior aircraft, and the relative drop in expenses. This study's main focus is on the consumer purchase patterns of two airline companies that operate in the very competitive aviation sector. Depending on whether the airline is a full-service carrier or a low-cost carrier, these variables change. The "Factors Affecting Airline Preferences Scale" was created and distributed to passengers of two airline organizations at Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen Airport (a full-service carrier (FSC) and a low-cost carrier (LCC) operating in Turkey) to assess the extent to which variables like airline reputation, advertising, frequent flyer programs, price, service quality, and digital marketing tools like websites, e-mails, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, and mobile applications have an impact on the process of ticket purchasing decision of passengers. It was shown that the passengers' purchasing decisions were influenced by reputation, service quality, frequent flyer programs, price, digital marketing initiatives, and advertisement. It was shown that depending on whether the airline is a full-service carrier or a low-cost carrier, the impact of these elements differs.
The aim of this study is to conceptualize website usability and develop a survey instrument to measure related concepts from the perspective of end users. We designed a three-stage methodology. First, concepts related to website usability were derived using content analysis technique. A total of 16 constructs measuring website usability were defined with their explanations and corresponding open codes. Second, a survey instrument was developed according to the defined open codes and the literature. The instrument was first validated using face validity, pilot testing (n = 30), and content validity (n = 40). Third, the survey instrument was validated using explanatory and confirmatory analyses. In the explanatory analysis, 785 questionnaires were collected from e-commerce website users to validate the factor structure of website usability. For confirmatory factor analysis, a new sample collected from 1086 users of e-commerce websites was used to confirm the measurement model. In addition, nomological validation was conducted by analyzing the effect of website usability concepts on three key factors: “continued intention to use”, “satisfaction”, and “brand loyalty”.
Ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) are an effective and safe non-pharmacological treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy, but adherence can be challenging for both patients and caregivers. In Europe, there are no adequate tools to measure it other than monitoring ketosis. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Brazilian adherence questionnaire, Keto-check, into the Italian version: iKetoCheck. Using the Delphi technique, 12 judges validated the contents through agreement rates and the Content Validity Index (CVI). The iKetocheck was self-completed electronically by 61 drug-resistant epilepsy or GLUT1 deficiency patients within an interval of 15 days to measure its reproducibility. The test–retest reliability was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation and relative significance test. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were made using Factor software version 12.03.02. The final tool, iKetoCheck, consists of 10 questions with 5-point Likert scale answers. It evaluates various aspects such as informing caregivers about the diet, organization of meals, measurement of ketosis, weighing food consumed, diet negligence, use of carbohydrate-free medications, attending follow-up visits, reading food labels, consulting an expert for dietary concerns, and cooking at home. The factorial analysis resulted in three factors: “attention,” “organization,” and “precision,” with satisfactory results for indices in exploratory and confirmatory analyses. Although higher mean values of ketonemia measurement were observed in patients with a higher adherence score, these values were not statistically significant (p = 0.284). In conclusion, despite the small sample size, iKetoCheck is a valid tool for evaluating KDTs’ adherence in Italian drug-resistant epilepsy or GLUT1 deficiency patients. It can provide valuable information to improve patient management and optimize the effectiveness of KDTs.
Background:
several strategies are used to assess adherence to ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs), the most commonly used being ketonemia or ketonuria, despite their limitations. The purpose of this article is to carry out an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis on the proposed Keto-check (adherence's KDT Brazilian questionnaire).
Methods:
there was a methodological study of a quantitative nature, complementary to the analysis realized previously, with a complimentary sample. The factorial analysis was performed with Factor software for parallel exploratory analysis, replicability, and confirmatory factor analysis. Graphical representation was created according to the number of factors resulting from the analysis.
Results:
116 questionnaires were reached by complementary data collection (n = 69 actual data, complementing n = 47 previous data) through online forms. A polychoric correlation matrix suitability analysis resulted in a significant Bartlett statistic (p = 0.0001) and a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test of 0.56. The parallel factorial analysis resulted in two factors, graphically represented as "efficacy" and "adherence". A confirmatory factor analysis, considered fair, indicated an RMSEA of 0.063, NNFI resulted in 0.872, CFI in 0.926, and GFI in 0.897.
Conclusion:
this study confirms the validity of Keto-check through a more detailed analysis. Adherence is the key to improving the effectiveness of KDTs; therefore, improving knowledge about it can lead to a better healthcare approach.
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