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Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1977,45, 835-841.
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Perceptual and Motor Skills 1977
MOTIVATION FOR PARTICIPATION, SUCCESS IN PERFORMANCE
AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO INDIVIDUAL AND
GROUP SATISFACTION1
ALBERT
V.
CARRON, JAMES R. BALL: AND
P.
CHELLADURAI
University of Western Ontario
Summary.-The present study examined the interactive effects of partici-
pation motivation (task, self, and interaction) expressed in early season and
successful performance (n
=
183)
experienced throughout the collegiate
hockey season upon satisfaction expressed post-season with individual and team
performance. The experimental design consisted of a
2
x
2
factorial compris-
ing two levels of motivation (high vs low) and two levels of success (success-
ful vs unsuccessful). The results indicated that success, motivations, and the
various interactions had no effect upon satisfaction with individual performance.
Both success and high task-motive resulted in heightened levels of satisfaction
in regard to team performance.
In his theory of interpersonal behavior Bass (1962) postulated that the
individual's orientation toward participation in group activity is characterized
as comprising three dimensions:
self,
i.e., direct rewards or personal satisfaction
is expected from the group and its activities,
task,
i.e., concern is directed toward
carrying out the group's task, and
iizteraction
motivation, i.e., concern is directed
toward maintaining happy, harmonious relationships within the group. Dunte-
man and Bass (1963), elaborating on this, suggested that behavior in inter-
personal situations is a reflection of inherent personal needs and types of satis-
factions desired. In fact, Bass, Dunteman, Frye, Vidulich, and Wambach
(
1963)
have stated that the group is
".
.
.
merely the theatre in which certain generalized
needs can be satisfied" (p. 102).
The relationship of the task and interaction motive to success and satisfac-
tion in basketball teams was examined by Martens (1970). He noted that
those teams high in task motivation were more successful and more satisfied
with team performance than were teams low in task motivation. Moreover
teams high in interaction motivation were not as successful but were more
satisfied with team performance than teams low in interaction motivation.
Unfortunately Martens did not examine the third major dimension from
the Bass schema, self-motivation. In a recent study in which the three motives
were considered in combination with a series of cohesion measures, Ball and
Carron
(
1976) noted that the self motive was the only one of these three which
significantly discriminated between successful, moderately successful, and un-
successful intercollegiate ice hockey teams.
'The study was supported in part by a research grant from the Ministry of Culture and
Recreation. Government of Ontario. Toronto. Correswndence concerning the article
should be'addressed to Albert
V.
drron, Faculty of Physical Education, University of
Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Wow with the Canadian Amateur Rowing Association, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
