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Catálogo polínico das plantas usadas por abelhas no campus da USP de Ribeirão Preto
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... Batista-Franklim & Gonçalves-Esteves (2008), Cruz-Barros et al. (2011), Silva et al. (2014), Kumar et al. (2015) and Lorente et al. (2017) have studied the species Solanum mauritianum and described 3-colporate pollen grains with margo (ornamented by Lorente et al. 2017), ornamented membrane in the colpus and median constriction in the endoaperture (Cruz-Barros et al. 2011), lalongate endoaperture with fastigium, without constriction (Batista-Franklim & Gonçalves-Esteves 2008), or with constriction and operculum in the endoaperture (Kumar et al. 2015) or forming a continuous ring (Silva et al. 2014) and granulate, microreticulate and spinulose ornamentation. Our results for S. mauritianum described margo present in the colpus and endoaperture with costa (without constriction) and microreticulate ornamentation, data similar to those of Cruz- Barros et al. (2011). ...
... Batista-Franklim & Gonçalves-Esteves (2008), Cruz-Barros et al. (2011), Silva et al. (2014), Kumar et al. (2015) and Lorente et al. (2017) have studied the species Solanum mauritianum and described 3-colporate pollen grains with margo (ornamented by Lorente et al. 2017), ornamented membrane in the colpus and median constriction in the endoaperture (Cruz-Barros et al. 2011), lalongate endoaperture with fastigium, without constriction (Batista-Franklim & Gonçalves-Esteves 2008), or with constriction and operculum in the endoaperture (Kumar et al. 2015) or forming a continuous ring (Silva et al. 2014) and granulate, microreticulate and spinulose ornamentation. Our results for S. mauritianum described margo present in the colpus and endoaperture with costa (without constriction) and microreticulate ornamentation, data similar to those of Cruz- Barros et al. (2011). ...
... Cruz- Barros et al. (2011) observed ornamented membranes in the colpus and microreticulate exine, while Silva et al. (2016) reported costa in the endoaperture and psilate ornamentation with granulum when observed in SEM. Other morphological characteristics, such as the presence of a vestibulum and endocingulum (Silva et al. 2014), and scabrate ornamentation (Lorente et al. 2017) have also been described for the pollen grains of S. paniculatum. In our study we observed 3-colporate pollen grains with margo and ornamented membrane in the colpus, lalongate endoaperture and microreticulate ornamentation, corroborating the data of Cruz- Barros et al. (2011). ...
ABSTRACT Solanaceae is represented by herbs, shrubs, trees and climbing plants and has cosmopolitan distribution, with a large number of native species in the Neotropical region. This study aimed to characterize the pollen morphology of ten species of Solanaceae (especially species of Cestrum and Solanum) from Cerrado forest fragments in Brazil, in order to contribute to the palynology, taxonomy and conservation of degraded areas. Pollen grains were acetolysed, measured and photographed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Qualitative data were described, and quantitative data were analyzed statistically according to sample size. Morphologically, the studied pollen grains vary in size (small to medium), amb (subcircular to subtriangular), shape (oblate spheroidal to subprolate), aperture details (very long, long or narrow colpi, rounded or tapered at the polar ends, colpi with margo, sometimes with a fastigium, endoapertures can present costa and median constriction) and ornamentation (psilate, rugulate, striate or microreticulate). We observed rugulate or striate pollen grains without fastigium for Cestrum species, whereas psilate or microreticulate pollen grains with fastigium were observed for Solanum species. Qualitative data on diameters and aperture measurements were also found to be important in characterizing the two genera. The results obtained here confirm Solanaceae as an eurypalynous family.
... signi cant difference from the P and E limits found here for the pollen grains of the three specimens of Astronium urundeuva were the larger limits reported by. Our results for P and E limits were similar to those ofSilva et al. (2014),Lorente et al. (2017),Assis (2018) andAssis et al. (2021). The ornamentation considered by us under LM as microreticulate-striate with more pronounced microreticulum in the apocolpium region, differed from the striato-reticulate ofSilva et al. (2014) andLorente et al. (2017), the striato-microreticulate ofAssis (2018) and the striate of. ...
... Our results for P and E limits were similar to those ofSilva et al. (2014),Lorente et al. (2017),Assis (2018) andAssis et al. (2021). The ornamentation considered by us under LM as microreticulate-striate with more pronounced microreticulum in the apocolpium region, differed from the striato-reticulate ofSilva et al. (2014) andLorente et al. (2017), the striato-microreticulate ofAssis (2018) and the striate of. Pollen analysis under SEM showed that the exine of the species is suprastriato-inframicroreticulate, as also described byMarkgraf and D'Antoni (1978) andAssis et al. (2021). ...
Many species of Anacardiaceae from the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest biome and Cerrado, an ecoregion of the Brazilian Tropical Savanna biome, are of great importance as a source of nectar and pollen. They are trees that massively bloom and attract several insects as floral visitors, especially honeybees and stingless bees. We aim to provide a practical tool for use in melissopalynological analyses of honeys, especially those produced in the northern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Here, a palynological description of six species of Anacardiaceae occurring in both vegetation types is provided using light and scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analyses were performed with the morphometric data to test the relevance of pollen morphology for defining pollen types and assisting in the certification of the botanical origin of honeys through melissopalynology. The most important metric variables for identifying the analyzed species were a combination of pollen grain size and width of the colpus margo, whereas pollen shape and other variables were less informative due to great intraspecific variation. Spondias tuberosa , with the largest pollen grains, stood out from the other species. The margo of the colpus wide contributed to the distinction of Schinopsis brasiliensis pollen grains. Qualitative traits analysis based on the pollen wall ornamentation contributed greatly to revealing two distinct groups: suprastriato-inframicroreticulate [ Astronium fraxinifolium , A. graveolens , A. urundeuva , Schinopsis brasiliensis ] and striate-perforate [ Schinus terebinthifolia, Spondias tuberosa ]. The palynological variation found among the studied species reinforces the importance of pollen morphology for the correct certification of botanical origin of Brazilian Aroeira honey.
... Several floristic studies have revealed the rich diversity and structure of the Caatinga biome (Araújo et al. 2010;Santos et al. 2011;Lima et al. 2012;Sanquetta et al. 2014;Luna et al. 2015;Rocha et al. 2017), as well as studies focusing on bee plant species for the Caatinga and other ecosystems. The description of pollen morphology from these areas, coupled with palynological analyses of bee products, has contributed to the identification of plant species foraged by bees, including the species Apis mellifera L. (Ferguson & Skvarla 1982;Aguiar et al. 2002;Almeida et al. 2006;Lima et al. 2006;Viana et al. 2006;Almeida 2007;Chaves et al. 2007;Vidal et al. 2008;Oliveira et al. 2010;Nascimento et al. 2014;Silva et al. 2014a;Silva et al. 2016b;Costa et al. 2018;Rasoloarijao et al. 2019;Mander et al. 2020;Moraes et al. 2020;Silva et al. 2020;Lu et al. 2021;Reis et al. 2021;Dias et al. 2022). A. mellifera forages to flowers for both pollen and nectar. ...
... The determination of plant species with beekeeping importance was made through direct observations of bee foraging in the field and also based on the literature (Aguiar et al. 2002;Pereira et al. 2006;Santos et al. 2006b;Vidal et al. 2008;Marques et al. 2011;Maia-Silva et al. 2012;Nascimento et al. 2014;Silva et al. 2014b;Salis et al. 2015;Salis et al. 2017). Plant species with beekeeping importance were identified and grouped into a checklist with their respective floral resources (pollen/nectar/oil) identified based on the specialized literature (Pedro & Camargo 1991;Oliveira et al. 1998;Aguiar et al. 2002;Agostini & Sazima 2003;Aguiar et al. 2003;Costa et al. 2006;Machado & Lopes 2006;Pereira et al. 2006;Santos et al. 2006a;Santos et al. 2006b;Viana et al. 2006;Polatto et al. 2007;Silva et al. 2007;Vidal et al. 2008;Mendonça et al. 2008;Ramalho & Rosa 2010;Modro et al. 2011;Moreira & Bragança 2011;Maia-Silva et al. 2012;Nascimento et al. 2014;Silva et al. 2014a;Costa et al. 2015;Salis et al. 2015Salis et al. , 2017Saturni et al. 2015;Guimarães-Brasil et al. 2017;Melo 2019;Pinto 2019;RCPol 2021). The flowering period was determined based on field observation within the sampling period. ...
The aim of this study was to identify plant species visited by Apis mellifera L. in honey producing areas with typical Caatinga vegetation in the State of Bahia, as well as morphologically characterize pollen grains of the most representative species. Flowering specimens were collected from both areas, herborized, identified and deposited at the HUNEB herbarium. Analyses of floristic similarities were performed between eleven municipalities close to the study areas. Pollen was collected from all specimens, acetolyzed, measured, statistically analyzed, morphologically described, and photographed in light microscopy. Of the total of species recorded, 67.46 % were regarded as having beekeeping importance, with the richest botanical families being Fabaceae, Malvaceae and Asteraceae. Additionally, 37.5 % of the recorded species were herbs. The analyzed municipalities showed 84 % of floristic similarity. Of the total species recorded with visits by A. mellifera, 25.52 % had their pollen grains already described in the literature as monads, tetrads and polyads; isopolar, apolar and heteropolar; and mostly prolate spheroidal shape. Sizes varied from small to large, and the amb circular was predominant. The exine ornamentation was greatly diversified, varying from psilate to echinate. The obtained data corroborate the palynological knowledge of plants regarded as having beekeeping importance within the Caatinga.
Keywords:
Floristic similarity; honeybee flora; pollen grains; palynology; semiarid
... As flores, apesar de não ofertarem néctar (SAAB et al., 2021), dispõe de uma grande quantidade de pólen para os seus visitantes (PINTO et al., 2020), principalmente para as abelhas (AGUIAR; SANTOS, 2017). Entretanto, devido a deiscência poricida da antera, não são todos visitantes que conseguem liberar o pólen das flores, pois é necessária a vibração das anteras (buzz pollination) (SILVA et al., 2014). ...
... As flores não têm odor, ofertam pólen como recurso floral disponível nos dez estames sigmoides não geniculados (SCHEIDEGGER; RANDO, 2022). Os estames têm grão de pólen grande, dispersão mônade, simetria radial, polaridade isopolar, âmbito subtriangular, forma do pólen é prolato-esferoidal com abertura tricolporado e a ornamentação da exina é microrreticulada (SILVA et al., 2014;NASCIMENTO et al., 2021;RCPOL, 2022). ...
RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a entomofauna visitante de Cassia fistula em diferentes horários e verificar a influência da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar na coleta de recursos florais. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram utilizadas duas plantas (A e B) de Cassia fistula localizadas na região central do município de Alta Floresta-MT. Os insetos visitantes foram observados e amostrados com o auxílio de rede entomológica e acondicionados em frascos coletores para posterior identificação. Os visitantes florais com maior abundância foram Trigona spinipes, Apis mellifera e Crematogaster erecta. Durante o levantamento, constatou-se que as abelhas Apis mellifera, Bombus morio, Tetragonisca angustula, Trigona spinipes e Xylocopa frontalis apresentaram preferência pelas temperaturas mais amenas e que as espécies Apis mellifera, Tetragonisca angustula, Trigona spinipes e Xylocopa frontalis priorizaram forragear quando umidade relativa estava mais baixa na Planta A e Bombus morio, na Planta B. Os demais representantes que apresentaram valores significativos para correlação (Família Formicidae) na Planta B, priorizaram buscar alimento nos períodos com maior umidade relativa. É importante destacar que as espécies de abelhas coletadas nas plantas A e B, apenas Bombus morio, Xylocopa frontalis e o besouro Maecolaspis trivalis podem realizar a liberação do pólen das anteras de Cassia fistula e que os demais visitantes podem utilizar o recurso após liberação do pólen na planta. Este estudo permitiu conhecer as principais espécies que forrageiam Cassia fistula e determinar importante fonte de recursos auxiliando na manutenção das espécies de insetos, principalmente de abelhas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Abelha melífera, Abelha sem ferrão, Polinização.
... Alguns dos principais catálogos e atlas polínicos no Brasil contemplam, por exemplo, as floras: dos Cerrados (Salgado-Labouriau, 1973), da Reserva do Parque das Fontes do Ipiranga, em São Paulo (Melhem et al., 1984), do Litoral Cearense Andrade, 1990), das leguminosas da Amazônia brasileira (Carreira, 1996), de espécies que ocorrem na Amazônia (Colinvaux et al., 1999), dos manguezais do Nordeste (Silva, 2002), da vegetação de canga da Serra de Carajás, no Pará (Carreira;Barth, 2003), da Caatinga de Canudos, na Bahia , de plantas vasculares do Rio de Janeiro (Ybert et al., 2016;Ybert et al., 2017b;Ybert et al., 2017c;Ybert et al., 2018), de uma reserva de Mata Atlântica, no Espírito Santo (Lorente et al., 2017), de esporos e grãos de pólen de plantas aquáticas da planície costeira do Sudeste do Brasil (Ybert et al., 2017a), de uma floresta estacional semidecidual, no Paraná (Dettke et al., 2020) e de plantas medicinais da Amazônia (Miranda et al., 2020). Mais recentemente, ainda no Brasil, alguns catálogos polínicos têm sido publicados para contribuir com os estudos que tratam da interação entre plantas e abelhas (Moreti et al., 2007;Silva et al., 2010;Mouga;Dec, 2012;Silva et al., 2014;Silva et al., 2020a;Silva et al., 2020b). ...
Este trabalho propõe um protocolo para elaborar a flórula polínica do Jardim Botânico FLORAS, no Extremo Sul da Bahia, Brasil. Além disso, descreve a morfologia polínica das espécies dos gêneros Mucuna Adans. e Paubrasilia (Lam.) Gagnon, H.C.Lima & G.P.Lewis (Leguminosae) registradas para a área — M. urens (L.) Medik e P. echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H.C.Lima & G.P.Lewis. Propõe-se que os grãos de pólen sejam acetolisados, mensurados, descritos e fotodigitalizados. As descrições devem considerar informações sobre os principais caracteres polínicos, além de mensurações e material estudado. Para os táxons estudados, descrições e ilustrações são fornecidas.
... These characters are of great value for palynology, and therefore should be explored further to understand the taxonomy and phylogeny of the group. The pollen morphology of different species of Rutaceae has been described by Erdtman (1952), Sato (1971), Barth (1980Barth ( , 1982Barth ( , 1983Barth ( , 1985, Arregu� ın-S� anchez et al. (1986), Roubik and Moreno (1991), Corrêa et al. (1992), Mziray (1992), Breis et al. (1993), Morton and Kallunki (1993), Victor and Van Wyk (1998, 1999a, 1999b, 2001, Grant et al. (2000), Carreira and Barth (2003), Qaiser and Perveen (2005), Fukuda et al. (2008), Magalhãese- Silva (2007), Mou and Zhang (2009), Groppo et al. (2010, 2019, Bruniera et al. (2011Bruniera et al. ( , 2015Bruniera et al. ( , 2021, Cao et al. (2014), Radaeski et al. (2014), Silva et al. (2014), Al-Anbari et al. (2015) and Dutra and Gasparino (2018). These studies demonstrated that the family Rutaceae is eurypalynous because of observed differences in the morphology of the pollen grains in different genera. ...
Rutaceae (Sapindales) is represented by approximately 2040 species and 150–170 genera. Conchocarpus is the genus with the highest number of species and is circumscribed by a combination of character states, making it a polymorphic group. A recent study proposed a new genus, Dryades, formed by species formerly positioned in Conchocarpus. This study aims to describe the pollen morphology of Dryades species, comparing it with the palynology of phylogenetically related species, to present data that can characterize the species of Dryades. We analyzed the pollen grains of Dryades species and eight species of the genera Andreadoxa, Angostura, Erythrochiton, Galipea, Rauia and Conchocarpus. The pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, described qualitatively, and analyzed quantitatively. Illustrations using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are presented. Multivariate analysis was performed. The pollen grains are monads, isopolar, medium to very large in size, with subcircular to subtriangular amb, and oblate-spheroidal to prolate shape. The apertures are 3- or 5-colporate, varying in size (very small to very large colpi). The endoapertures are usually lalongate, rarely circular. The pollen grains analyzed are microreticulate, reticulate, macroreticulate, reticulate-baculate, baculate or verrucate-baculate. Both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pollen grains proved to be important in distinguishing genera and grouping species within genera (in particular, the number of apertures, the length of the ectoaperture, the exine ornamentation and the size of the pollen grains). Dryades species show similarities in pollen morphology to species of related genera such as Andreodoxa, Galipea and especially Rauia. The shape of pollen grains and the number of apertures in Dryades are distinct from those found in Conchocarpus macrophyllus. The pollen data observed in this study confirm the pollen diversity of Rutaceae.
... Se obtuvieron promedios, desviaciones estándar y la relación P/E para cada especie. Para describir el polen se tuvo en cuenta su morfología, la ornamentación de la exina y las mediciones morfométricas siguiendo a Silva et al. (2014). ...
En América del Sur se reportan más de 20 especies de abejorros, nueve de ellas en la Cordillera Oriental de los Andes colombianos. Se las conoce como polinizadores importantes, pero su distribución fue disminuyendo debido al creciente cambio en el uso del suelo; esto ha causado el empobrecimiento de los ecosistemas andinos. Identificar y proteger los recursos florales que usan las abejas silvestres resulta clave en el manejo de áreas silvestres para mitigar el impacto de las actividades humanas en áreas muy intervenidas (e.g., ciudades o cultivos). El análisis de polen es una herramienta clave para conservar los recursos florales que utilizan las abejas, pero depende de contar con catálogos polínicos que permitan identificaciones taxonómicas adecuadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un catálogo de polen de las plantas que utilizan tres de los abejorros andinos más comunes, Bombus rubicundus, B. hortulanus y B. pauloensis. Los muestreos se realizaron en seis localidades de la sabana de Bogotá, cubriendo un gradiente de altitud entre 2600 y 3500 m s. n. m. Se prepararon muestras florales de todas las localidades mediante acetólisis, y luego se las analizó. Se digitalizó un catálogo de referencia a partir del polen extraído del cuerpo de obreras de cada especie de abejorro. Los granos de polen se describieron según su tamaño y morfología. La similitud de los recursos utilizados por las diferentes especies de abejorros se comparó mediante el índice de similitud y distancia de Jaccard. Se aislaron, identificaron y describieron granos de polen de 99 plantas, de las cuales Taraxacum officinale, Vallea stipularis, Senna multiglandulosa, Trifolium pratense y Trifolium repens fueron las fuentes de polen compartidas por todas las especies. La especie más generalista y que utilizó más plantas exóticas fue B. pauloensis. Se proporciona un catálogo ilustrado de polen con todos los recursos utilizados por las abejas.
Ecological palynology is an interdisciplinary science dedicated to the study of pollen grains used by animals, particularly insects, to meet basic needs for nutrition, reproduction, and, ultimately, survival and species perpetuation. Animal–pollen interactions play an important role in nature: that of pollination. An important branch of ecological palynology is entomopalynology, which investigates the relationship between insects and pollen from different perspectives and through different associations. Bees and flowers are notable examples of such interactions. Flowers visited by bees can be traced by examining pollen grains stored in hives or present in bee products, including honey, propolis, and royal jelly. Pollen grains found in honey can provide information on botanical origin and geographical distribution. This type of investigation belongs to a field of science called melissopalynology. A more recent application of entomopalynology has been the examination of pollen ingested by entomophagous insects, such as ladybugs (Coccinellidae) and green lacewings (Chrysopidae), to identify trap and attractive plants. Conservation tactics contribute to the preservation of natural enemies, stimulate the use of more selective or less toxic insecticides, and, when combined with effective sampling of pests and natural enemies, can guide decision-makers on the suitability of insecticides for organic agriculture.
Poor pollination is a common cause of low fruit set in cherry orchards, and a high population of pollinators is therefore required. Osmia lignaria, the blue orchard bee, has been used successfully in Utah as an alternative to honey bees.
Apis dorsata is one of the important honeybee species in tropical and subtropical regions that forage on various plants including herbs, grasses, forest trees and plantation trees. However, information on the favored bee plants in terms of identity and quantity is lacking. The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify the pollen sources of Apis dorsata and (2) to develop a pollen atlas for selected plants foraged by Apis dorsata. Pollen cell samples from twenty one different colonies of Apis dorsata combs were collected, identified and quantified based on several reference materials. A total of twelve different pollen sources were identified in the samples. Pollen sizes were 8-9x38-40 jam, comprising five different shape classes. Inaperturate granulum pollen grains were observed in Ceiba pentandra and Garcinia hombroniana while rugulate grains were found in Mangifera indica. Pantoporate, syncolpate and pericolpate pollen grains with reticulum to microreticulate exine patterns occurred in Acacia auriculiformis, Melaleuca cajuputi and Ixora congesta. Elaeis guineensis showed trichotomosulcate pollen grains with a microreticulate sexine. Pantocolpate areola pollen was found mMimosa pudica while granulum pollen was observed in Cocos nucifera. Anacardium occidentale showed a disulcate grain with a striate sexine pattern. Pollen grains of Averrhoa carambola and Dimocarpus longan were tricolpate and fossulate perforate to striate perforate. This work shows that Elaeis guineensis and Mimosa pudica were the most commonly found pollen sources. A pollen atlas of selected plants foraged by Apis dorsata in the tropical rainforest ofMarang, Terengganu was developed.
Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony collapse disorder (CCD) that appeared in 2005/2006 still lingers in many parts of the world. Here we show that sub-lethal exposure of neonicotinoids, imidacloprid or clothianidin, affected the winterization of healthy colonies that subsequently leads to CCD. We found honey bees in both control and neonicotinoid-treated groups progressed almost identically through the summer and fall seasons and observed no acute morbidity or mortality in either group until the end of winter. Bees from six of the twelve neonicotinoid-treated colonies had abandoned their hives, and were eventually dead with symptoms resembling CCD. However, we observed a complete opposite phenomenon in the control colonies in which instead of abandonment, they were re-populated quickly with new emerging bees. Only one of the six control colonies was lost due to Nosema-like infection. The observations from this study may help to elucidate the mechanisms by which sub-lethal neonicotinoids exposure caused honey bees to vanish from their hives.