تطبيقات عملية في جيولوجيا المناجم والاستكشاف المعدني

Abstract

This book is dealing with the empirical lab Problems and its Answer to give more knowledge and experience to the researcher and students . هذا الكتاب يهتم التجارب العملية في اختصاص جيولوجيا المناجم ويعطي مسائل عملية واثرائية مع الحل لزيادة مهارة وخبرة الباحثين والطلبة على حد سواء وتطوير مهاراتهم في اختصاص جيولوجيا المناجم

Full text

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
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



















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
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








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






















7










Head Grade

Recoverable Grade 

cut – off Grade
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
8



Mining)








 
Definitions





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Rocks


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Mining Geology

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Economic Geology



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Economic Minerals




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Ore Minerals


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Gangue Minerals 


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Ore
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


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Ore Grade


 p.p.m.

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Minerals Ore Deposits



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Cut-off Grade



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

Cut-off Thickness



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Mineral Evaluation





10
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Mining Evaluation



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Mineral Exploration


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Mine






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Geometry or Limit of the ore Deposits


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Overburden


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Feasibility study




Stripping Ratio 
Overburden
>5.0

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Angle of Repose




11
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Mine Shaft




Drift

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Industrial rocks 
Baryte
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Protore

Supergenic
Enrichment
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Ore Reserve


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By-Product



Bougainville
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

 


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Mineralogical form of Ore


SO4


Ore Deposits characters



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

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Grain Mineral

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Mineral Particles

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Cost of Capital



Concentration factor


0.005%0.4
80
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Rock Creep



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Land slides
Slump
Debris-slideDebris-fall
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



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

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Subsidence



13



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Alluvial Fans



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River Terraces or Natural levees








Flood Plains 


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Channel Deposits

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Delta Deposits 


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Denudation or Erosion



Weathering



Mineral



14
Native
CompoundMetallicNon- Metallic

Soil


Residual Soil
Transported Soil
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Core Samples



Epigenetic Deposits
SillsDykeVein

Syngenetic deposits 


Type Deposits Vein

Hypothermal Intrusive 

Ore out Crope 


Joints



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Faults


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Shaft Collar




15
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Cleavage


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Head Grade





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Recoverable Grade



 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 Scout Drilling









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




 Range of Influence 
 Estimate the Area of Mineral Deposits 
 Estimate the Average Thickness 
 Estimate the Average Grade 
 Classification of Ore Reserve .
 Methods of Ore Reserve Estimation
 Mining Methods 
  Studying of Rock Slope Stability


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
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













A , B
, C )
BAC









18

A , B ,
C , DA












19





Fe %
B.H. No.
Fe %
B.H. No.
0.00
B8
0.00
B1
33
B9
0.00
B2
30
B10
0.00
B3
0.00
B11
0.00
B4
0.00
B12
35
B5
25
B13
30
B6


















20


























21

BA
CBA
BCBA 
C





A
A
A





22

 
 

 
 
Smoothing
 
 
 x 
 





23















24

 

 































 
 
 


 
 
     
    




25







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





27



 




Thick.(m)
B.H.No.
Ser.No.
Thick.(m)
B.H.No.
Ser.No.
0.00
B10
10
0.00
B1
1
7.44
B11
11
11.87
B2
2
9.35
B12
12
9.77
B3
3
8.41
B13
13
0.00
B4
4
0.00
B14

0.00
B5
5
0.00
B15
15
0.00
B6

0.00
B16
16
10.50
B7

0.00
B17
17
6.49
B8
8
0.00
B18
18
0.00
B9
9



28


 





29



A 
B 

C 

D 




30


A 
B 
C 
D 
 2700 = 150 x 18
E 
x 






















31




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


Average Thickness

n


(T * R


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
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Core Recovery



 
 
 

 
Core Bar





Core Recovery 



   
   

   

 





34

BH5


Recalculated
Sample Thickness
(m)
Core
Recovery
%)
Sample
Thickness
(m)
B.H.
No.
80
0.40
B.H.5/1
80
0.40
B.H.5/2
70
0.35
B.H.5/3
100
0.50
B.H.5/4
100
0.50
B.H.5/5
60
0.30
B.H.5/6
50
0.20
B.H.5/7


Total















35




   

 

(B.H.5)


Recalculated
Sample Thickness
(m)
Core
Recovery
%)
Sample
Thickness
(m)
B.H.
No.
0.50
80
0.40
B.H.5/1
0.50
80
0.40
B.H.5/2
0.50
70
0.35
B.H.5/3
0.50
100
0.50
B.H.5/4
0.50
100
0.50
B.H.5/5
0.50
60
0.30
B.H.5/6
0.40
50
0.20
B.H.5/7
3.40


Total






36


(B.H.1) (B.H.2) 
(B.H.2) (B.H.3) 

B.H.1
Recalculated Sample
Thickness (m)
Core Recovery
%)
Sample Thickness
(m)
B.H.No.
90
0.90
B.H.1/1
100
1.00
B.H.1/2
100
1.00
B.H.1/3
80
0.80
B.H.1/4
80
0.75
B.H.1/5
Total
B.H.2
Recalculated Sample
Thickness (m)
Core Recovery
%)
Sample Thickness
(m)
B.H.No.

0.80
B.H.2/1

0.90
B.H.2/2

0.90
B.H.2/3

1.00
B.H.2/4

1.00
B.H.2/5
Total
B.H.3
Recalculated Sample
Thickness (m)
Core Recovery
%)
Sample Thickness
(m)
B.H> No.
80
0.70
B.H.3/1

0.80
B.H.3/2

0.85
B.H.3/3

0.90
B.H.3/4

0.90
B.H.3/5
Total


37

a 
b 
c 


B.H.1
Recalculated Sample
Thickness (m)
Core Recovery
%)
Sample Thickness
(m)
B.H.
No.
1.00
90
0.90
B.H.1/1
1.00
100
1.00
B.H.1/2
1.00
100
1.00
B.H.1/3
1.00
80
0.80
B.H.1/4
0.93
80
0.75
B.H.1/5
4.93


Total
B.H.2
Recalculated Sample Thickness
(m)
Core Recovery
%)
Sample Thickness
(m)
B.H.
No.
0.88

0.80
B.H.2/1
1.00

0.90
B.H.2/2
1.125

0.90
B.H.2/3
1.00

1.00
B.H.2/4
1.00

1.00
B.H.2/5
5.00
Total
B.H.3
Recalculated Sample Thickness
(m)
Core Recovery
%)
Sample Thickness
(m)
B.H.
No.
0.875
80
0.70
B.H.3/1
0.88

0.80
B.H.3/2
0.89

0.85
B.H.3/3
0.90

0.90
B.H.3/4
0.90

0.90
B.H.3/5
4.44
Total


38



T * R
Range of Influence
(m)
(R)
Average
Thickness(m)
(T)
B.H
.No.
986.00
200.00
4.93
B.H.1
625.60
125.00
5.00
B.H.2
222.00
50.00
4.44
B.H.3
1833.60
375.00
14.375
Total

   
 

 
  
















39





a 
b 
c 

T * R
Range of
influence (m)
Thickness (T)
(m)
B.H.No.


d 

e 



40




a 
b 
c 
T * R
Range of influence (m)
Thickness (T)
(m)
B.H.No.
30.0
15.0
2
T1
67.5
22.5
3
T2
200.0
40.0
5
T3
187.5
75.0
2.5
T4
150.0
100.0
1.5
T5
637.5
252.5
14.5
Total
d 
   
 
 
  

 
  



41

Ore GradeThe 





 
 
 
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

 
 = 
  







43




Grade (G) %
Core
Length(T)
(m)
Sample No.
Grade (G) %
Core
Length(T)
(m)
Sample No.
0.70
0.40
B 6
0.30
0.20
B 1
0.55
0.25
B 7
0.45
0.20
B 2
0.40
0.25
B 8
0.40
0.25
B 3
0.30
0.30
B 9
0.50
0.15
B 4
0.25
0.20
B 10
0.55
0.30
B 5






 
B 1 , B 9 , B 10 ) 
 TG
GxT
 B 


 



44
 

G x T
Grade (G)
%
Core Length (T)
(m)
Sample
No.
--------
0.30
0.20
B 1
0.090
0.45
0.20
B 2
0.100
0.40
0.25
B 3
0.075
0.50
0.15
B 4
0.165
0.55
0.30
B 5
0.280
0.70
0.40
B 6
0.137
0.55
0.25
B 7
0.100
0.40
0.25
B 8

0.30
0.30
B 9
---------
-
0.25
0.20
B 10
0.947
1.80



 



  



45








  
       
   











46

 
 
 

G x T x R
T x R
Range of
Influence(R)
Grade (G)
(%)
Thick. (T)
(m)
Sample
No.
3750.0
125.0
50.0
30.0
2.5
T1
3937.5
112.5
45.0
35.0
2.5
T2
1875.0
75.0
50.0
25.0
1.5
T3
4725.0
157.5
45.0
30.0
3.5
T4
1875.0
75.0
30.0
25.0
2.5
T5
16162.5
545.0
220.0

12.50


  
       
   



47

 
   
   














48












G = 
GnG1 , G2, G3 , G4 ,……..Gi 
TnT1, T2, T3, T4, ……..Ti




M1
G x T
Grade (Cu)
(%) G
Core Thick.
(m) T
Sample No.

0.45
0.5
M1/1

0.65
0.5
M1/2

0.88
0.5
M1/3

0.50
0.5
M1/4

0.40
0.5
M1/5

0.40
0.5
M1/6
x(Gi x Ti )
G % 
Ti 


49

 

G x T
Grade (Cu)
(%) G
Core Thick.
(m) T
Sample No.
0.225
0.45
0.5
M1/1
0.325
0.65
0.5
M1/2
0.440
0.88
0.5
M1/3
0.250
0.50
0.5
M1/4
0.200
0.40
0.5
M1/5
0.200
0.40
0.5
M1/6
1.46
3.28
3.0

 
  
   

   
 
  





  
 
 






50






Core Recovery 








H1



H1
G x T
Corrected
Thick.(m)
Grade (Cu)
(%) G
Core
Recovery
(%)
Core
Thick.
(m) T
Sample
No.


0.72
80
0.85
H1/1


0.94
90
0.95
H1/2


1.86
75
0.60
H1/3


0.66
100
0.90
H1/4


1.75
90
0.75
H1/5


51

 
 
 

 


G x T
Corrected
Thick.(m)
Grade (Cu)
(%) G
Core
Recovery
(%)
Core
Thick.
(m) T
Sample
No.
0.76
1.06
0.72
80
0.85
H1/1
0.98
1.05
0.94

0.95
H1/2
1.488
0.80
1.86
75
0.60
H1/3
0.594
0.90
0.66
100
0.90
H1/4
1.45
0.83
1.75
90
0.75
H1/5
5.272
4.64


H1 
  
   

  
  


52




M2

 Cut – off Grade
 Cut-off Thickness

Remarks
G x T
Grade (G)
(%)
Thick. (T)
(m)
Sample No.
0.20
0.8
M2/1
0.65
0.5
M2/2
0.55
0.6
M2/3

0.60
0.5
M2/4
0.55
0.4
M2/5
0.30
0.5
M2/6
0.20
0.6
M2/7
0.25
0.5
M2/8







53

 
(M2/1 ,M2/6 , M2/7)



 
M2/6


 M2/6 



 M2/6




G x T 1.175 
G = ----------------- = ------------ = 0.58 %
2.0 T
G x T 1.325 
G = ----------------- = ------------ = 0.53 %
2.5 T


54















 (Al2O3)
 

 












55


Grade
(%)
Thickness
(m)
B.H.
No.
Grade
(%)
Thickness
(m)
B.H.
No.

25
M15

5
M1

20
M16

25
M2

25
M17

30
M3

18
M18

21
M4

14
M19

14
M5

15
M20

12
M6

25
M21

14
M7

10
M22

13
M8

12
M23

14
M9

13
M24

14
M10

15
M25

12
M11




10
M12




12
M13




13
M14






