Conference Paper

Autonomy support, sport, and wellness

March 2014

Conference: American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance National Convention
At: St. Louis, MO

Authors:

Jody Langdon

Georgia Southern University

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.

Article

Assisting Preservice Teachers Toward More Motivationally Supportive Instruction

January 2015 · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education

Dana Perlman

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of an intervention grounded in Self-Determination Theory on preservice teachers' instructional behaviors and the motivational responses of their students. A total of 62 preservice physical education teachers enrolled in a secondary physical education content and methods course were randomly assigned to either a treatment (n=31) or a control ... [Show full abstract] group (n=31). The study employed a pretest/posttest design and data were collected through: (a) observation of preservice teachers' instruction, (b) a survey measuring preservice teachers' perceptions of their autonomy support, and (c) a survey measuring secondary students' motivation. Data analysis used repeated-measures ANOVAs to examine differences between the groups. Results indicated significant changes in autonomy-support for both teachers and students exposed to the intervention.

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Elite athletes’ duty to provide information on their whereabouts: Justifiable anti-doping work or an...

January 2009 · European Journal of Sport Science

In this article, we explain and reflect critically upon the athlete whereabouts reporting system in top-level sports initiated by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). This system makes it compulsory for athletes who are in a registered testing pool in their national and/or international federation to submit information about their whereabouts. In this way, athletes are required to be available ... [Show full abstract] for a no advance notice doping test throughout the year. If an athlete provides incorrect information or cannot be found when a no advance notice test is supposed to be taken (a missed test), he or she may be given a warning. In most sports and national anti-doping regulations, three such warnings within 18 months may be regarded as a violation of the doping regulations and may lead to exclusion from sport for between 3 months and 2 years. The system is controversial. In this article, we examine the key objections to the system and, more specifically, objections connected to ideas of justice and athletes’ autonomy and right to self-determination. The argument will be a practical ethical one informed by a survey on attitudes towards the whereabouts system carried out among 236 athletes belonging to the registered testing pool in Norway. We conclude that if the basic principles of anti-doping work are accepted, WADA's whereabouts reporting system represents nothing other than an efficient extension of this work.

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What do we do about women athletes with testes?

November 2015 · Journal of Medical Ethics

Melanie Newbould

Elite sport and the measures imposed to prevent 'men' from 'cheating' by posing as women in women's events cast interesting light on notions of sex and gender. Some women have testes, organs that produce testosterone, because they are trans women or they have an intersex state. Testosterone is recognised as a performance-enhancing substance in at least some circumstances, and therefore, women ... [Show full abstract] with testes may possess an advantage when competing in some sport against women without testes, though this has never been subjected to rigorous scientific testing. The International Olympic Committee and the International Association of Athletics Federation have decreed that such individuals can compete only if they undergo medical and surgical treatment, which is likely to mean gonadectomy. This might be considered to impose an unethical demand on the individual concerned and constitute an infringement of bodily autonomy for that individual. It also suggests a binary view of sex/gender that is simplistic and not scientifically accurate. I discuss this approach and consider alternative methods of approaching the problem of women with testes in athletics.

Chapter

Critical Race Theory and Intercollegiate Athletics at Historically Black Colleges and Universities

December 2017

Prior to the 1960s, the sustainability of HBCU athletic programs was rooted in their unifying missions and interdependent relationships. However, following widespread assimilation efforts in the post-Civil Rights era, HBCU athletic programs suffered from the pillaging of Black athletic talent from the Black community to major Division I Historically White Colleges and Universities (HWCUs). ... [Show full abstract] Previous historical assessments of HBCUs’ athletic programs have confined their analysis to major historical events, the evolution of conference affiliations, and the attendance at various HBCU classic games. In this chapter, the authors utilized critical race theory (CRT) as an analytic tool to outline the multilevel challenges facing HBCU athletic programs within the structural arrangements of the USA and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). In an effort to improve the plight of HBCU athletic programs, the authors offer Ten Pillars for Active Engagement for Sport Leadership and Administration in Creating Athletic Organizational Success and Sustainability for autonomy governance as well as a secession plan as a pathway for success.

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Injury of elite athletes: Sport‐ and gender‐related representations

January 2003 · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Annie San Jose

The study investigated psychocognitive processes used by athletes following an injury. Based on a differential perspective, the study evaluates the effects of the type the sport (individual vs. team), of gender on representations, believes, and causal attributional processes. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of athletes discourses confirmed the traumatic nature of the injuries causing major ... [Show full abstract] psychological disturbances. The results suggested that the discourse varied significantly as a function of type of sport, but the representations, the attributional processes, and the coping strategies varied significantly as a function of gender. Injuries have not only negative consequences such as pain, but also positive consequences such as the discovery of new relations with the body, the psychological transformation, and under some circumstance, the progress. Injuries may be seen in a context in which the athlete strengthens own autonomy and increases the level maturity.

Article

Coach's Autonomy Support is Especially Important for Varsity Compared to Club and Recreational Athle...

March 2011 · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

Autonomy supportive (rather than controlling) coaching has been shown to be important for motivating athletes and for boosting their performance. However, is this especially true for elite-level athletes, who presumably face greater stress and performance pressure? To address this question we surveyed 264 student athletes (141 recreational, 83 club sport, and 40 varsity) playing on sports teams ... [Show full abstract] at a U.S. public university. As expected, varsity athletes were higher than the other groups in external reward motivation and lower in intrinsic motivation. Consistent with past selfdetermination theory findings, coach's autonomy supportive behavior predicted intrinsic and identified motivation in all athletes, and also positive appraisals of the team experience. Most importantly, coach's autonomy support was a significantly stronger predictor of these outcomes in the varsity compared to the recreational and club groups. These findings suggest that elite-level coaches should make special efforts to be autonomy supportive (rather than controlling) with their athletes.

Article

Judicial Review of Sports Bodies

September 1997 · Judicial Review

David Pannick QC

English law should recognise those who regulate sport as public bodies subject to judicial review. Such recognition would introduce substantial benefits for applicants, respondents, and the integrity of the law. The role of an independent referee through the Crown Office list would do much to promote standards of fairness, reasonableness and consistency without detracting from the necessary ... [Show full abstract] autonomy of the sports bodies themselves.

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Assessing Differences in Athlete-Reported Outcomes Between High and Low-Quality Youth Sport Programs

December 2017 · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in athlete-reported outcomes based on sport program quality. Twenty-four sport programs were observed using the Program Quality Assessment in Youth Sport (PQAYS) observation tool. A two-step cluster analysis based on total PQAYS scores revealed two groups (low quality = 16, high quality = 8). Athletes (N = 360) completed three questionnaires ... [Show full abstract] related to basic needs support, needs satisfaction and developmental experiences. Results indicated that athletes in high quality programs perceived significantly greater opportunities for autonomy, relatedness, and choice, as well as higher perceptions of goal setting and lower negative experiences compared to youth in lower quality programs.

Conference Paper

The comparsion of social-contextual environment, motivational orientations, and Basic Psychological...

September 2016

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the social-contextual environment (autonomy-support, Controlling), motivational orientation (intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, introjected regulation and external regulation) and basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy and relatedness) in adolescent athletes of martial and non-martial sports. Method: The method is a causal – ... [Show full abstract] comparative research. 288 (152 martial and 136 non-martial athletes) adolescent athletes from Urmia city were cluster-randomly selected as the sample of this research and completed the Autonomy Supportive and Controlling Environment, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Behavioural Regulation in Sport (BRSQ) Questionnaires. Results: The results using multivariate analysis of variance showed that non- martial sport's athletes have significantly more autonomy-supportive environment, competence satisfaction, internal motivation, and identified regulation as well less controlling environment and exterinsic motivation. Conclusion: Results are discussed based on self-determination theory. Overall, these findings suggest that social-context, competence satisfaction, and motivational orientation are differ in adolescent athletes of martial and non-martial sports.

Article

Mulher e esporte: uma perspectiva de compreensão dos desafios do Ironman

December 2007 · Revista Brasileira de Psicologia do Esporte

Carla Di Pierro

he objective of this study was to search elements through the description of the woman in the sport and of interviews with feminine athletes of triathlon to understand why women practice Ironman. The research covered the description of the woman in the sport since the end of century XIX until the current days. A research with three triathletes' girls was lead amateur practitioners of at least two ... [Show full abstract] Ironman. In the interview the verbal history was used as methodology, which is a form of register and communication of memory. The analysis showed that the influence and the familiar incentive are determinative factors. The sport becomes a way to socialize, where the women work, she has friends and establishes its affective relations. To do an Ironman is a desire object as to be reached, that it brings benefits as acceptance, valuation and accomplishment. The woman athlete is recognized and respected, and the sports scene appears as a way for which she can exert its autonomy, its power of choice and its power of overcoming. Word-key: woman in the sport, feminine athlete, triathlon, Ironman.

Article

Full-text available

Exploring the Independent and Interactive Effects of Autonomy-Supportive and Controlling Coaching Be...

August 2015 · Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology

Theory and research support the conclusion that an autonomy-supportive interpersonal style is an effective motivational technique for coaches, whereas a controlling style is ineffective. However, the behaviors associated with each of these styles have been found to be relatively independent. The purpose of this study was to test the independent and interactive effects of perceived ... [Show full abstract] autonomy-supportive and controlling coaching behaviors on the motivational response of adolescent athletes. Athletes (n 301, M age 15.68 years; 63% female) completed surveys assessing their perceptions of their coaches' behaviors, their need satisfaction, motives for sport, and level of burnout. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that the independent effects of autonomy-supportive and controlling behaviors together significantly (p .01) predicted each of the motivational variables (R 2 range .07 – .40). In 5 of the 10 analyses, however, the main effects were superseded by a significant (p .05) interaction (R 2 .01–.02). The interaction plots reveal that (a) positive motivational responses increased as perceptions of autonomy support increased—particularly when the athletes also perceived a relatively lower level of controlling behaviors, and (b) the most positive motivational outcomes were associated with the perceptions of relatively higher autonomy support and relatively lower controlling behaviors. In summary, autonomy-supportive and controlling coaching behaviors are each related to athletes' motivational responses, and in some cases the interaction of these behaviors adds, at least minimally, to our understanding.

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Presentation

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Relationships between parental behavior profiles, athletes' motivation, and basic psychological need...

May 2019

Parents play a crucial role in an athlete's development. However, the support provided by parents can have a positive influence on the athlete's development but also a negative influence. The majority of previous studies have investigated the relationships between one parental behavior in the sports context and various variables of athletes without differentiating parents. Meanwhile, some ... [Show full abstract] empirical studies and SDT have shown the interest of studying a set of behaviors (Holt & Knight, 2014) while differentiating father and mother (Knight, Berrow, & Harwood, 2017). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between parental behavior profiles at the beginning of the season and athletes' motivation, satisfaction, and frustration of basic psychological needs (BPN) scores, at the end of the season. A two-wave design was used. At the beginning of the season, 226 athletes completed questionnaires, which measure mother's and father's behaviors separately: directive behaviors, active involvement, praise and understanding, and pressure. At the end of the season, athletes realized the sport motivation, satisfaction, and frustration of basic psychological needs questionnaires. Latent profile transition analysis showed three parental behavior profiles at the beginning of the season. The parental behaviors profile A characterized 60% of the parents (moderate scores for all mother's and father's behaviors), it was identified as the appropriate profile based on athletes' psychological outcomes. In contrast, 40% correspond to inappropriate profiles. The results showed that 20% of athletes perceived their parents into the profile B (moderate scores for praise and understanding of both mother and father and high scores for the others mother's and father's behaviors) and 20% into the profile C (moderate scores for all mother's behaviors and low scores for all father's behaviors). Indeed, athletes who perceived a profile A reported higher scores for the satisfaction of BPN for competence and relatedness and lower scores for controlled motivation and frustration of BPN for autonomy. This study used an alternative methodology to identify the most appropriate parental behaviors for their child's motivational outcomes. Results highlighted that it seems necessary to simultaneously consider a wide variety of parental behaviors and make a clear distinction must be made between the mother's and father's behaviors.

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Autonomy support, sport, and wellness

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