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Antibacterial activity of Phoenix dactylifera L. leaf and pit extracts against selected Gram negative and Gram positive pathogenic bacteria
Abstract
The crude methanol, acetone and water extracts of leaves and pits of three varieties ofPhoenix dactylifera were tested for antibacterial action against selected Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacteria. Barring Enterococcus faecalis, the acetone and methanol extracts showed good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexeneri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes, whereas the water extract had very little effect on all test bacterial species and there was almost negligible effect on P. aeruginosa. Pits extracts of all three varieties of P. dactylifera were found to be more effective than leaves extracts. Results clearly showed that S.pyogenes was most sensitive pathogen to the crude extracts and had shown maximum zone of inhibition. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for S. pyogenes was found to be 1.3, 1.1, 1.6 and 1.4 mg/ml for methanol leaves and pits extracts and acetone leaves and pits extracts, respectively.
Key words: Date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L, antibacterial, crude extracts.
... Date palm is abundant in the majority of Arabian Peninsula and it is known to be as one of the most important commercial crops. Date palms contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, carbohydrates, and vitamins (Perveen et al., 2012). The antibacterial activity of the acetone, methanol, and aqueous extracts of three varieties of P. dactylifera L. (date palm) against ATCC strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. faecalis and clinical isolates of S. flexneri and S. pyogenes was tested using the agar well-diffusion method (Perveen et al., 2012). ...
... Date palms contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, carbohydrates, and vitamins (Perveen et al., 2012). The antibacterial activity of the acetone, methanol, and aqueous extracts of three varieties of P. dactylifera L. (date palm) against ATCC strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. faecalis and clinical isolates of S. flexneri and S. pyogenes was tested using the agar well-diffusion method (Perveen et al., 2012). The methanol and acetone extracts showed a good antibacterial activity against all the tested strains, except for E. faecalis (Perveen et al., 2012). ...
... The antibacterial activity of the acetone, methanol, and aqueous extracts of three varieties of P. dactylifera L. (date palm) against ATCC strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. faecalis and clinical isolates of S. flexneri and S. pyogenes was tested using the agar well-diffusion method (Perveen et al., 2012). The methanol and acetone extracts showed a good antibacterial activity against all the tested strains, except for E. faecalis (Perveen et al., 2012). The pit extract had a better antibacterial activity compared to the leaf extract. ...
Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have been an ever-growing concern over the past years. This has led researchers to direct their attention onto plants to be able to discover new possible antimicrobial compounds. The Middle East encompasses a wide spectrum of plant diversity with over 20,000 different species in habitats ranging from deserts to snow-capped mountains. Several plant secondary metabolites and their derivatives have been identified as possible antimicrobial agents. Among the secondary metabolites studied, alkaloids and polyphenols have shown strong antimicrobial activity. Polyphenols are one of the most numerous and diverse group of secondary metabolites; their antioxidant properties provide the basis for antimicrobial effects. Alkaloids provided the underlying structure for the development of several antibiotics with a diverse range of action. The ability of some plant secondary metabolites to act as resistance-modifying agents is a promising field in mitigating the spread of bacterial resistance.
... [173] (Continued) Pit extract of all three varieties were found to be more effective than leaf. [1] Dried leaf, fruit, seed and tree bark were extracted with water, methanol and acetone ...
... The antibacterial action of leaf and pit extracts was tested against selected Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacteria showing good antibacterial activity. [1] A recent study compared the antibacterial activities of date palm leaf and fruit extracts. The results showed that date leaf extract showed inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus and B. subtilis and resistance to P. aeruginosa and E. coli; however, all bacteria showed resistance to date fruit extract [137] likely due to sugar richness in fruit and to dilute secondary metabolites likely to exert an antimicrobial effect. ...
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L., Arecaceae) is a valuable fruit tree for many populations living in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, and the Middle East, and to play significant role in its economy. Asides from its well-known edible fruit, date palm tree also provides numerous by-products which have yet to be fully capitalized upon commercially. All parts of the date palm tree are of value to include: seeds (pits and oil), date pollen and the leaves. Date palm seed is a by-product of the fruit industry being discarded, and used as animal feed or for human consumption as non-caffeinated coffee. Date pollen is used traditionally for the treatment of infertility. This review aims to introduce a holistic overview on the phytochemical composition, nutritional , economical and potential health benefits of date by-products. Prioritization of date palm by-products for a desired added value or production of certain economically valued products is presented.
... Utilizing the healing powers of plants is an ancient idea, more so in India is the current interest. At present, 25%-50% of all pharmaceuticals dispensed around the world are of plant origin, and only few among them have been used as antimicrobials 3 4 The underlying cause of the disease is the presence of a polymicrobial biofilm that forms as plaque on the tooth surface Periodontal pathogens generate deteriorating by-products and enzymes that dissolves the extracellular matrices as well as host cell membranes to generate nutrients for their growth and function. By doing so, they start damage to the host tissue directly or indirectly by triggering host mediated responses which lead to self injury 5 . ...
... The demonstration of antibacterial activity of C. gigantea extract against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria could also be an indicative of the presence of broad spectrum antibacterial components. This indicates that the plant may be a useful source for the development of novel antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria 3 . In Ayurvedic medicine, the plant Calotropis gigantea is known as "Sweet Arka 21 . ...
Calotropis gigantea plant is used in ayurvedic treatments in India in which the roots are used for asthma and barks has been used for spleen and liver disease. The plant is effective in treatment of skin, digestive, respiratory, circulatory and neurological disorders. The leaves have been used for inflammatory conditions in joints. Calotropis gigantea flowers can be prepared as extract is used as mouthwash. For that the prepared extract has to be evaluated for the cytotoxic activity. Nowadays more plant extract mouthwashes have been developed because each plant has an activity against the bacteria present in the oral cavity and it also helps to boost the immune responses against the bacteria. In India plant extract has been used in various treatments against the diseases. Ayurveda which has been practiced in India over 400Bc and this plant extract research has been done in the field of medicine in which it relieves form disease with less side effects. Calotropis gigantea which has been a native plant of India in which Calotropis gigantea flowers have been used in this study to check the mortality rate of nauplii and thereby analysing its cytotoxic nature rate of the prepared plant extract mouthwash. Materials and methods: Calotropis gigantea leaves have been extracted from and leaves are dried for 10 days then the extracted leaves are used for mouthwash preparation. The aqueous extract of prepared leaves were used for mouthwash preparation. Mouth wash preparation was done by the aqueous extract of Calotropis gigantea .Cytotoxic assessment was done in brine shrimp. Brine shrimp were kept in fish tank with iodide free salts. Brine shrimp were added in the tank and the eggs of brine shrimp were hatched after 24 hours. Hatched Nauplii were separated and the aqueous extract of prepared vetiver mouthwash were added in different concentration of in the biologic organisms to determine the mortality rate of the prepared mouthwash in napili Results: Cytotoxic activity test was done in aqueous extract of Calotropis gigantea to detect the mortality rate of Calotropis gigantea in which mortality rate of biologic organism were tested in napili with different concentration of 10 µl, 20 µl, 30 µl, 40 µl and 50 µl which in the mortality rate was seen in each concentration 10 µl has 70%, 20 µl has 50%,30 µl has 30%,40 µl has 20% and 50µl has 20%. Conclusion: The above results show the cytotoxic activity of aqueous extract of Calotropis gigantea shows that the mortality rate in biologic organism. The aqueous extract of Calotropis gigantea has been studied in the field of medicine as it has high medicinal value which can be used as an alternative therapy for periodontal disease
... Date pits (seed) are shown to be a good source of compounds with antioxidant [23] and antibacterial properties [24]. According to Al-Farsi and Lee [25] p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, and m-coumaric are the primary phenolic acids; likewise, they are also considered a source of dietary fiber [26], mainly water-insoluble fiber [20]. ...
... Other studies have suggested that date pit polyphenols have a certain antibacterial activity in vitro, although there are no studies carried out on meat products. Date pit extracts have been evaluated for their antibacterial activity in vitro against different bacteria, showing positive results against Gram+ and Gram− bacterias (except Enterococcus faecalis) due to the flavonoids present in such extracts, which showed antimicrobial properties [24]. Maqsood and Benjakul [52] evaluated the effect of adding tannic acid to ground beef, one of the types of phenolics present in important amounts in date pits; and they also found that it was effective to slow microbial growth. ...
A new ingredient from date palm coproducts (pits) was obtained and tested as a preservative in burgers. Different concentrations of date pit (0%, 1.5%, 3%, and 6%) were added to beef burgers, and its effect on the safety and quality was evaluated during 10 days of storage. The incorporation of date pit was able to improve the shelf life and the cooking properties of the burgers. The date pit stabilized the color, lipid oxidation, and microbial growth of the burgers during the storage time due to the antioxidant activity and the phytochemical content of the date pits. For the consumer panel, the color and the off-odors were improved, and the addition of 1.5% and 3% date pit in cooked burgers obtained similar scores. Based on the obtained results, the new ingredient from date pit may have potential preservative properties for enhancing stability during shelf life and could improve the composition of bioactive compounds (fiber and phenolic content) of beef burgers.
... These investigations demonstrate that date pits are not a waste product but a bulk source of natural antioxidants. Antibacterial prospects of various date pits were also reported by various authors against Gram-negative and positive bacteria [17][18][19] and fungi. Furthermore, it was reported that the extraction solvent plays a significant role in determining the phenolic content and these contents are always higher in aqueous extracts in comparison to alcoholic extracts [20,21]. ...
... However, aqueous extract had poor phytotoxic impact against all tested microbial pathogens and a negligible effect on P. aeruginosa. Meanwhile, pits extracts were found to be more effective than leaf extracts [18]. Earlier, it was reported that methanol and acetone extracts of the P. dactylifera pits moderately inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [45]. ...
The biochemical composition, secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds, flavonoids) and antimicrobial potential of different varieties of Emirati date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pits were investigated. Total phenolic acids (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) of the different date pits were measured using a Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. Different organic solvents [(n-hexane; H 2 O: EtOH (1:1); ethyl acetate; acetone: Water (1:1); and methanol: Chloroform (1:1)] were compared to evaluate the phytotoxicity of Ajwa, Fard, Khalas, Khodari, Abu Maan, Lulu, and Mabroom date pits. The antimicrobial activity of the date pit extracts were evaluated by means of agar-well diffusion assay on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29123), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Candida albicans (ATCC 66027). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured following clinical laboratory standardization institute (CLSI) protocol. The biochemical analyses of date pits indicate that TPC were ranged from 7.80 mg of equivalent gallic acid⁄100 g dry weight in Ajwa to 4.65 mg in Mabroom. The TFC were ranged between 1.6-4.54 mg of equivalent catechin⁄100 g dry weight. Ajwa pit extract showed good quality traits (higher protein, lower ash content, and intermediate dietary fiber). The results indicate that the ethyl acetate extract of Khalas and Khodari inhibited S. aureus with an inhibition zone diameter of 20 mm and MIC of 10 mg/mL. Abu Mann pit extract inhibited the S. aureus and also decreased the population of E. coli. The diameter of inhibition zone was 15, 16, and 18 mm after treatment with Ajwa extracts, while the MICs were 7.5 and 5 mg/mL. The MeOH: CFM extract of Abu Mann and Ajwa was more potent against E. coli bacteria than any other extract. This work demonstrates that the Emirati date pits extract has antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal) potential and can be used as phytotoxic natural compounds.
... [3,5,7-10,12] Different parts of date plant were screened for their antibacterial activities in different parts of the world. The extract from leaf, [13,14] fruit, [1,11,15,16] endocarp, [17] seeds, [18] bark, [19] spathe, [4] pit [13] and syrup [20] All the aforementioned studies were either focused on antibacterial activities or nutritional value, but very few studies combined both nutritional values and antibacterial activity. Thus, the objective of this study is to screen the antibacterial activities and nutritional content and of fresh and dried date fruits. ...
... [3,5,7-10,12] Different parts of date plant were screened for their antibacterial activities in different parts of the world. The extract from leaf, [13,14] fruit, [1,11,15,16] endocarp, [17] seeds, [18] bark, [19] spathe, [4] pit [13] and syrup [20] All the aforementioned studies were either focused on antibacterial activities or nutritional value, but very few studies combined both nutritional values and antibacterial activity. Thus, the objective of this study is to screen the antibacterial activities and nutritional content and of fresh and dried date fruits. ...
The study was aimed to compare the antibacterial activity and nutritional content of fresh and dry date fruits. The antibacterial activity was examined using disc diffusion assay. While the nutritional content was examined using proximate analysis for carbohydrate, ash contents and moisture content, nitrogen, crude protein, crude fibres and lipid; and mineral composition was evaluated using the standard Association of Analytical Chemists (A.O.A.C) methods. The extract showed higher activity against S. aureus in both fresh and dried date fruit extract with the inhibition zone of 17 and 15 mm respectively. While the extracts were less active against E. coli with 11 and 9 mm zones of inhibition of fresh and dried date fruit extract respectively. The result of the proximate composition showed that the fresh fruit contained higher values in the carbohydrate (95.00%), ash contents (3.30%) and moisture content (68.50%) than the dried date palm fruit with (92.02%), (0.50%) and (5.00%) respectively. On the other hand, the dried date Palm fruit also showed higher value in the crude protein (4.30%) and nitrogen (0.69%) than the fresh fruit with 1.14% and 0.18% respectively. It has also been shown that the fresh fruit contained higher concentration of sodium (3.50%), phosphorus (0.61%) and potassium (0.61%), while that of the dried fruit contained high value in magnesium (0.07%) content, and both contained same value of calcium (0.04%).
... 32 The antibacterial activity of Phoenix dactylifera could be related to the composition of the different parts of the plant, which include agents known for their antibacterial properties such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. In a study by Perveen et al, 33 the antibacterial activity of crude water, methanol, and acetone extracts of pits and seeds of Phoenix dactylifera were investigated against 7 pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Shigella flexeneri. Both methanol and acetone extracts of pits and seeds had good antibacterial activity against all bacteria except Enterococcus faecalis. ...
... The most sensitive strain was Streptococcus pyogenes as determined with MIC after extraction of the seeds and pits with either methanol or acetone. 33 In a study by Al-Daihan and Bhat 34 using aqueous, methanol, and acetone extracts of leaves, seeds, fruits, and bark of the date tree, results showed a potent effect against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as measured using a disc diffusion method. Data indicated that any extract from different parts of the plant had an antibacterial potential. ...
This nonrandomized controlled trial determined the effects of Phoenix dactylifera palm date (Ajwa) intake on the number of infections and hospitalizations associated with fever, neutropenia, and mortality of pediatric cancer patients admitted between 2008 and 2017 to King Abdulaziz University Hospital (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Patients were eligible to be enrolled if they fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were not allergic to Ajwa, and were not enrolled in another study. Of 200 screened patients, 56 were included and 144 were excluded. Of the 56, 26 agreed to take Ajwa, and 30 served as controls. Both groups were assessed based on infection rates, frequency of hospital admissions for fever and neutropenia, and mortality rate. Background information regarding demographics, clinicopathological data, and treatment options was documented. Supplementation of Ajwa significantly reduced hospital admissions (for fever-associated neutropenia) and infections (P =.009 and P <.001, respectively). Off-treatment did not significantly differ between the Ajwa and control groups. The Ajwa group had a better survival rate in comparison to the non-Ajwa group (stratified log-rank P =.005), where the main cause of death of patients in the non-Ajwa group was disease progression associated with infections (77%). In summary, Ajwa intake during the standard treatment of pediatric cancer patients improved their treatment outcome.
... Antimicrobial activity: A phytochemical study found that P. dactylifera L. extract contains methanol and acetone which have antimicrobial activity. The extracts of P. dactylifera inhibit the growth of both Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. Coli, E. fecalis, F. oxysporum, Fusarium sp., F.v solani, A. alternata, and Alternaria sp.3,26,29,32,34 Haemopoietic activity: Increase in RBC, Hb, PCV, platelets and reticulocytes are indicative of hemopoietic activity in both aqueous and methanolic extracts of P. dactylifera L. fruit.27 ...
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is recognized as one of humanity's earliest cultivated plants, having served as a food source for over 6000 years. It holds a prominent status as the most favoured fruit in the Middle East and North Africa. Date fruit has a long history of consumption and traditional medicinal use. Whether eaten fresh or dried, dates offer a rich source of energy due to their exceptional nutritional content and extended shelf life. They provide an economical means of obtaining essential nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and dietary fibers. Furthermore, date fruit exhibits a diverse range of pharmacological effects including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic and many more. It is also beneficial in disorders of paralysis, sexual debility, fever etc. Date palm fruits offer a natural and safe alternative or complement to synthetic drugs in managing numerous health conditions. Keywords: Dates, Phoenix dactylifera, Arecaceae/Palmae, Khajur, Unani Medicine.
... For example, Rosato et al. [43] obtained significant differences between the minimum inhibitory concentrations of both a synthetic antimicrobial agent (gentamicin) and Mentha piperita essential oil against E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (the same strain used in the present study) and S. aureus ATCC 29213 (a similar non-resistant strain to the one used in the present study), with an MIC value twice as high for the essential oil (against E. faecalis compared with S. aureus) and sixteen times higher for the synthetic drug. In another study, Perveen et al. [44] identified significant differences between the inhibition zones recorded for the synthetic drug doxycycline against the S. aureus and E. faecalis strains (the S. aureus strain being more sensitive); the authors also evaluated several Phoenix dactylifera L. leaf and pit extracts against the two strains, concluding that the extracts were not active against the E. faecalis strain, while different inhibition zones were recorded against the S. aureus strain (the diameter of the inhibition zones depended on the variety, solvent, and plant part used). ...
The present work aims to study the possibilities of developing silver nanoparticles using natural extracts of grape pomace wastes originating from the native variety of Fetească Neagră 6 Șt. This study focused on investigating the influence of grape pomace extract obtained by two different extraction methods (classical temperature extraction and microwave-assisted extraction) in the phytosynthesis process of metal nanoparticles. The total phenolic content of the extracts was assessed using the spectrophotometric method with the Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent, while the identification and quantification of specific components were conducted through high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), along with assessing their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria. The data collected from the experiments indicated that the nanoparticles were formed in a relatively short period of time (96 h) and, for the experimental variant involving the use of a 1:1 ratio (v/v, grape pomace extract: silver nitrate) for the nanoparticle phytosynthesis, the smallest crystallite sizes (from X-ray diffraction—4.58 nm and 5.14 nm) as well as spherical or semispherical nanoparticles with the lowest average diameters were obtained (19.99–23 nm, from TEM analysis). The phytosynthesis process was shown to enhance the antioxidant properties (determined using the DPPH assay) and the antimicrobial potential (tested against Gram-positive strains) of the nanoparticles, as evidenced by comparing their properties with those of the parent extracts; at the same time, the nanoparticles exhibited a selectivity in action, being active against the Staphylococcus aureus strain while presenting no antimicrobial potential against the Enterococcus faecalis strain.
... For instance, date extract proved inhibitory on pathogenic yeast such as Candida [48], while date syrup was reported to be bacteriostatic to both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus [49]. Other authors found an antibacterial activity of Phoenix dactylifera L. leaf and pit extracts against Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria [50]. On the contrary, the date syrup used in this work allowed the microbial growth of industrial strains such as C. necator DSM 545. ...
... Barhi and Khulas seed extracts were most effective at lower concentration (1.2 mg/ml). The present results are agree withPerveen et al. (2012) who revealed that pits extracts from three cultivars of palm date (Barhi, Sukri, and Rothana) showed good antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacteria responsible for range of contaminations, that may be due to various bioactive components present in palm date pits. The results also are in line with ...
The disposal of date seeds is a major problem facing date manufacturers. Date pits were found to have many bioactive components and functional properties. Four cultivars namely, Barhi, Manifi, Khulas and Shishi, were used in the present study to compare the total phenols content, scavenge free radicals ability, and antibacterial activity of their pits extracts. Antioxidants activity against diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) for ethanol extract of palm date pits ranged from 86.73% in Barhi to 90.25% in Manifi. Lipid peroxidation inhibition test was conducted using egg yolk as fat media. The results showed that the inhibition in lipid peroxidation ranged between 42.03% in Khulas to 60.39% in Manifi pits extract. All cultivars' extracts of date pits showed antibacterial effect against Staph. Saprophyticus compared with Chloramphenicol that was found to be ineffective against Staph. Saprophyticus in this study. Insignificant differences were found between the commercial antibiotic Sulfadimidin, Barhi and Khulas extract against Salmonella enteric. This study indicated that palm date pits extracts from these cultivars have the ability to scavenge free radicals, diminish lipid oxidation, and inhibit bacterial growth.
... Date palms possess various chemical compounds such as vitamins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, tannins, and carbohydrates. Except for E. faecalis, both the methanol and acetone extracts showed potent antibacterial activity [156]. ...
Given the potential adverse effects of chemical drugs, utilizing natural products with diverse therapeutic and antimicrobial compounds is advisable. Countries can use indigenous flora from their regions in vegetation for medicinal purposes. Several nations exhibit distinctive indigenous flora owing to their geographic positioning and climatic conditions. These plants have been the subject of our research, which has explored their antimicrobial properties against fungi, parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Studies have investigated the therapeutic and antimicrobial effects of plants and their bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Among them are alkaloids, a diverse class of naturally occurring chemicals, such as tropanes, terpenoids, and steroids. Some of these medicinal plants have been found to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in addition to their antimicrobial effects. This chapter explores the antimicrobial potential of alkaloids found in medicinal plants.
... It has been reported that the whole date plant (including pits and leaves) contains carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, vitamins and tannins. The phenolic profile of the plant revealed presence of mainly cinnamic acids, flavonoid glycosides, flavanols, four free phenolic acids and nine bound phenolic acids (22,23,24,25,26). ...
The objective of this research is to find a natural chemical compounds alternative available and free of side effects and high-impact effective against many bacterial species. The crude ethanol extracts of Phoenix dactylifera leaves were tested for antibacterial action against bacterial isolates, the ethanol extracts showed good antibacterial activity against all isolates Enterobacter sp., Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Protus sp. bacterial isolates which had shown zone of inhibition against all plant extracts concentration with exceptions at 25 mg/ml concentration related with Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Protus sp., also the largest inhibition zone were revealed at 100 mg/ml concentration especially with Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate while Salmonella sp. isolate exhibited the smallest inhibition zone under 50mg/ml concentration.
... Other studies on date seeds demonstrated that the extracts' MIC and MBC ranged from 1.56 to 3.125 and 3.125-12.5 mg/ mL of Staphylococcus aureus, respectively[41,42]. Furthermore, water and ethanol extracts from Egyptian date fruits demonstrated potent antibacterial and antimicrobial potential against Shigella and Salmonella spp.[33]. ...
This study explored the impact of date palm seeds ethanolic extract (DSEE) on the microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory qualities of chicken breast meat kept refrigerated at 4 °C. DSEE was applied at 0.156% (DSEE1), 0.312% (DSEE2), and 0.624% (DSEE4). Microbiological parameters, chemical stability, and sensory features of DSEE were monitored for 14 days at refrigerated conditions (4 °C). DSEE considerably (p < 0.05) decreased lipid/protein oxidation processes. Interestingly, at 14 days, DSEE at 0.624% delayed microbial growth. Moreover, the addition of 0.312% (DSEE2) and 0.624% (DSEE4) and storage time substantially affected the sensory (appearance, odor, color, and overall acceptability) parameters of chicken breast meat. By expertly employing chemometric techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and heat maps, the acquired evidence brought useful information to regroup all samples and to associate microbiological and oxidation characteristics to organoleptic attributes using correlation models. PCA and heat maps provided effective information to differentiate all samples and relate lipid and protein oxidative processes and microbiological properties to sensory parameters. The obtained findings contribute to a better knowledge of the impact of chemical and microbial alterations on sensory quality in fortified meat products. This study displayed the potential functional and economic benefits of using DSEE as an encouraging component in chicken meat preservation.
... P. loureiroi (thorn extract) has been reported to possess antimicrobial activity (Jyothsna & Gogu, 2016). Similarly, Phoenix (palm) dates/ fruits have been reported to possess antibacterial and antifungal activities (Mondal et al., 2021;Perveen et al., 2012). P. pusilla fruit has been known to possess aphrodisiac, cardiotonic, carminative, cooling, laxative, and roborant effects. ...
Phoenix pusilla (Arecaceae), commonly known as "small wild date palm", is regarded as one of the underutilized fruit crops in South India. Methanol extract of P. pusilla ripened fruits (PPRF) was analyzed for in vitro porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPAA) and rat small intestine alpha-glucosidase (RIAG) inhibition activities, and through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 25 phytoconstituents from PPRF which was further assessed on the docking behavior of five targeted enzymes diabetes mellitus (DM) namely (i) human aldose reductase, (ii) protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, (iii) pancreatic alpha-amylase, (iv) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and (v) dipeptidyl peptidase IV by using the AutoDock Vina method. In addition to this physicochemical, bioactivity score, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis was performed using the Molinspiration and pkCSM free online servers. Methanolic extract of PPRF showed 50% inhibition concentration (IC 50) at 69.86 and 72.60 μg/ mL levels against PPAA and RIAG enzymes activities, respectively. Interestingly in the present study, GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 25 phytoconstituents from PPRF. Physicochemical analysis of PPRF has exhibited that 13 ligands have complied well with Lipinski's Rule of Five (RoF). With regard to ADMET analysis, one ligand (9,12-octadecadienoic acid [Z,Z]) has predicated to possess both the hepatotoxicity (HT) and skin sensitization (SS) effect. The docking studies showed that 1-formyl-2,5-dimethoxy-6,9,10-trimethyl-anthracene exhibited the maximum atomic contact energy (ACE) for all the five target enzymes of DM. Thus, the current study suggested that the methanolic extract of PPRF and its phytoconstituents could be considered as potent antidiabetic agents.
... The date seed aqueous and ethanol extract has shown antibacterial activity when screened against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by agar diffusion method by inhibiting its growth [46]. Methanol date seed extract studies have shown antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella flexeneri [47,48]. The date palm seed oil has been checked for its antimicrobial activity against fungi like Aspergillus fumigatus and bacteria like αand β-hemolytic Streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus [49]. ...
Humans cultivate plants for their daily commodities, like food and medicines. Innumerable varieties of crops and plant-derived products like cotton, fruits, vegetables, grains, pulses, and oils have been developed. A variety of seed oils have been used by humankind in dietary supplements and are regarded as feedstock
for the production of biofuels. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one such plant used in the production of oil. Date palm is a commercial fruit that is primarily cultivated in South Mediterranean countries. Date palm fruit and its
processed products such as jams, jellies, and syrup are globally consumed. However, tons of seed waste is generated after processing and raises environmental problems due to poor seed waste disposal practices. Scientific reports suggest that date palm seed oil is rich in minerals, fatty acids, and various phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, sterols, and tocopherols. These bioactive molecules possess significant pharmacological activities like antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotectivity. This chapter summarizes the phytochemicals present in date palm seed oil, discusses the fatty acid composition in various date palm cultivars worldwide, and highlights the pharmacological activities exhibited by date seed oil. The chapter also discusses the effective utilization of date seed oil in the food and pharmaceutical industry and the seed oil by-products in biofuel production. Pharmaceuticals and
biofuel production presents an excellent opportunity for the valorization of date palm cultivation and economic returns.
... While the antibacterial activity is attributed to some compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins which have been reported to have antibacterial properties phenols (Hussain Mallhi et al., 2014). (Perveen et al., 2012). Earlier it was mentioned the ability of pits, fruits, and leaves of dates against Gram-positive/ Gram-negative bacteria (Ammar et al., 2009). ...
Dates are one of the most prominent types of fruits spread in the Middle East and North Africa and have been an essential part of thediet of the Arab world since ancient times. It has been called “nature’s candy” due to its sweet taste, which is attributed to its high sugarcontent. Date fruits have great nutritional and therapeutic value, due to the variety of elements they contain, as they contain a goodpercentage of fiber, vitamins, and minerals, especially magnesium, potassium, selenium, calcium salts, and fatty acids (lauric, linoleic,palmitic, and citric acid) as well as an excellent source of antioxidants (flavonoids, polyphenols, and carotenoids) which offer significanthealth-promoting and disease-fighting benefits. In this review, the origin of the date palm fruits was studied, and the nutritional valuewas compared between three types of dates (Ruthana, Sukari, Ajwa) in terms of the nutritional components and the therapeutic values,which is proven by several studies. The nutritional content of date fruits; sugars, beneficial fats, nutritious proteins, and phytochemicalswas reviewed. The health benefits of date fruits include their ability to inhibit free radicals, anti-inflammatory activity, cytotoxicity oncancer cell lines, and the applications for its use as a functional food were indicated. The exact mechanisms still need further researchand exploration, specifically, Ruthana fruits as this type of available literature showed a research gap that could be investigated
... The plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37˚C. Then the zone of inhibition was measured in millimeter [16]. ...
The present study was aimed to extract the Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from the shrimp head waste and carry out analysis for any antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear acidic polysaccharides with repeating disaccharide units. GAGs are important for cell signaling, which controls a wide range of metabolic activities including regulation of cell growth, promotion of cell adhesion, wound repair, proliferation, anti-coagulation and antimicrobial activity. In the present study, the shrimp heads were washed, dried and pulverized. From this pulverized shrimp head waste, extraction of GAG protein was achieved. The total protein content in the biological sample was estimated. Antimicrobial study of GAGs complex was accomplished by using Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, Minimal Bactericidal Concentration, Well Diffusion Method against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It was observed that Staphylococcus aureus has the highest antibacterial activity when compared to Escherichia coli.
... Ekstrak etanol buah kurma yang diberikan selama 7 hari kepada mencit juga dapat menstinmlasi sistem imun humoral mercit tersebut secara signifikan dilihat dari hasil perhitungan titer Haemaggintinating Antibody (HA) dan plague-forming cell (PPC) yang digunakan sebagai parameter (Puri et al., 2000). Kurma juga diketahui memiliki khasiat lain yaitu menurunkan kadar gula pada penderita hiperglikemia karena memiliki kandungan flavonoid yang poten (Abo-El-Soaud et al., 2004), efek antimikroba terhadap gram positif maupun gram negatif (Perveen, Najat, Bokhari, Dina, & Soliman, 2012), aktivitas anti-inflamasi & anti-proliferatif (Elberry et al., 2011), aktivitas antioksidan (Khanavi, Saghari, Malicevic, Bakrac, & Zorana, 2009), aktivitas hepatoprotektor (Abdu, 2011), dan memiliki efek antifungi terhadap jamur patogen (Bokhari & Kahkashan, 2012). ...
Latar Belakang: Tahnik merupakan suatu cara pemeliharaan secara fisik dengan memberikan kurma yang telah dikunyah atau dihaluskan pada langi-langit mulut bayi sambil mendoakannya. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh tahnik terhadap bayi baru lahir. Metode: Sistematik review menggunakan database: Google Scholar. Hasil pencarian yang memenuhi kriteria kemudian dilakukan analisis artikel. Hasil pencarian dengan menggunakan kata kunci “tahnik“ menggunakan elektronik database Google Scholar. Hasil pencarian dengan menggunakan tiga kata kunci tersebut dengan filter tahun 2010-2020 menghasilkan 175 artikel. Kemudian dilakukan penyaringan artikel dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi diperoleh 29 artikel. Pemilihan artikel selanjutnya dengan mengeliminasi duplikasi artikel dengan hasil 13 artikel. Selanjutnya dilakukan eliminasi artikel berdasarkan susunan yang lengkap yaitu sebanyak 4 artikel. Hasil: Tahnik berfaedah untuk melindungi bayi dari kekurangan glukosa, memperkuat otot mulut, membentuk mulut menjadi indah utuk mengeluarkan kata-kata yang baik, agar bayi bisa mengucapkan kata-kata manis, mengikat hati bayi dan untuk menguatkan akidah bayi. Dari sisi kesehatan, memiliki kemampuan meningkatkan jumlah trombosit, leukosit, hematokrit dan hemoglobin serta menghambat 25% lebih baik terhadap E.Coli. Simpulan: Tahnik berfaedah untuk melindungi bayi dari kekurangan glukosa, memperkuat otot mulut, membentuk mulut menjadi indah utuk mengeluarkan kata-kata yang baik, agar bayi bisa mengucapkan kata-kata manis, mengikat hati bayi dan sebuah syariah untuk menguatkan akidah bayi. Dari sisi kesehatan, memiliki kemampuan meningkatkan jumlah Trombosit, Leukosit, Hematokrit dan Hemoglobin serta menghambat 25% lebih baik terhadap E.Coli).
... According to Kahkashan et al. (2012), Ruthana fruit and leaf extracts showed significant activity on different gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, such as (S.aureus, S.epidermidi, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli) and their effect was like that of the extracts of Barhi and Sukari cultivars. This gives it value in fighting microbial and bacterial diseases. ...
In this study, the polyphenol content was measured and the potential therapeutic value of the methanolic extract of Ruthana dates grown in Saudi Arabia was analyzed. The results showed that the Ruthana dates contain a high percentage of phenols and flavonoids, reaching 119.2 %, and 55.6 %, respectively. The antioxidant activity was also measured by several methods. The methanol extract of Ruthana showed significant effectiveness in inhibiting free radicals in the DPPH test. The highest inhibition rate was (79%) with an IC50 value of (3.97±0.21 mg Trolox/g plant), and (3.9035±0.380 μg/ml) on nitric oxide radical. The FRAP and ABTS tests showed higher sensitivity to antioxidants with IC50 values (4.08±0.26 mg of Trolox/ g of plant extract, and 4.18±0.26 mg of TEAC/ g of plant extract), respectively. The antioxidant activity was significantly correlated with the anti-inflammatory activity, the methanolic extract showed activity in preventing heat-catalyzed protein denaturation with a ratio of (74%), and IC50 (3.835±0.380 µg/ml), and at RBC'S membrane stabilization the effectiveness of the extract reached (68%) with IC5 value (6.215±0.238 µg/ml). The results showed a concordance between the phenolic content and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Accordingly, the fruits of Ruthana dates constitute a promising possibility for isolating the active compounds and introducing them into the pharmaceutical industries in the future.
... The antibacterial potentials of the methanolic date extracts were determined using the agar disc diffusion method [14]. The bacterial strains were cultured in a nutrient broth for 24 h and diluted with sterilized peptone water. ...
The abusive use of antibiotics causes the destruction of intestinal flora and the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Date palm is used in traditional medicine in the Saharan regions due to its biological properties.
The study aimed to identify the phytochemical composition and assess the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extracts of three date cultivars from Algeria. Their total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents were measured spectrophotometrically. The phytochemical screening was conducted by HPLC fingerprinting using twenty-three pure phenolic compounds as standards. The antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial species was assessed using the disk diffusion method.
The colorimetric methods showed that the total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents ranged from 2.13 ± 0.09 to 2.67 ± 0.02 mg GAE/100 g DW, 1.33 ± 0.21 to 1.55 ± 0.13 mg CEQ/100 g DW, and 0.41 ± 0.23 to 0.47 ± 0.05 mg REQ/100 g DW, respectively. HPLC fingerprinting showed that the extracts of date cultivars served as an excellent source of bioactive compounds (gallic acid, tannic acid, ferulic acid, vanillin, caffeine, quercetin, luteolin, rutin, aspegenin, isorhamnetin, and hesperidin). They also exhibited an antibacterial potential with an inhibition zone diameter ranging from 8.40 to 12.50 mm.
The results clearly demonstrate the antibacterial potency of date palm fruits, which could be attributed to their considerable content of phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, and luteolin.
... The date seed aqueous and ethanol extract has shown antibacterial activity when screened against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by agar diffusion method by inhibiting its growth [46]. Methanol date seed extract studies have shown antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella flexeneri [47,48]. The date palm seed oil has been checked for its antimicrobial activity against fungi like Aspergillus fumigatus and bacteria like αand β-hemolytic Streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus [49]. ...
... Perveen et al. [28] investigated the methanol and acetone extract of leaves and pit of P. dactylifera which showed potent antibacterial activity, whereas water extract does not showed the significant antibacterial activity. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) has been observed with methanolic extract of leaves and pit of date palm at a dose level of 1.3 mg/ml and 1.1 mg/ml and at a dose level of 1.6 mg/ml and 1.4 mg/ml acetone extract of leaves and pits showed the antibacterial potential. ...
... The methanolic extracts of the pits inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi. In the same way, Perveen, Bokhari, and Soliman (2012) found that pits extracts of three varieties of Phoenix dactylifera were more effective than leaves extracts against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexeneri, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, being the last one the most sensitive to the crude with the maximum zone of inhibition. Particularly, Bentrad et al. (2017) determined that pits of two different varieties of dates possess a strong or extremely strong antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli and at least moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. ...
Date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera) has traditionally been grown in South-West Asia and North Africa, principally for date fruit consumption. Nevertheless, its cultivation has recently spread to other areas of America, sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania and Southern Europe. During date fruit processing, several by-products are generated, like low-quality dates, pits, leaves and pollen. These wastes, together with the date fruit, constitute an important source of biocomponents such as hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids, flavonoids, tannins, carotenoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytosterols and phytoestrogens. This review provides detailed information about the sensory properties, nutritional profile and biocompounds with health-promoting properties present in date fruit and its by-products. Furthermore, recent findings regarding the potential of these products to develop new functional foodstuffs was also highlighted. Several studies have reported that the date fruit and its by-products present an outstanding richness in bioactive compounds with potential healthy properties that make them suitable to be used as nutraceutical ingredients in several foodstuffs. Their incorporation in the formulation of foods would contribute to cover the increasing demand of consumers by products elaborated with natural ingredients. Moreover, an important aspect to take into account is that food matrixes are an excellent vehicle for the availability of biomolecules present in the date palm products.
... This study result agrees with the finding of Ji et al. [34] where 0.5% dietary supplementation of powdered fruit of Massa medicata fed to red sea bream, Pargus major for 12 weeks observably activates the immune system of the fish. Perveen et al. [35], in their study also showed similar antibacterial action of P. dactylifera leaf and pit extracts against Streptococcus pyogenes. ...
Background: Phoenix dactylifera fruit has been widely reported for its effective anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the effect of P. dactylifera on immune responses was evaluated in Aeromonas hydrophila infected Clarias gariepinus. Methods: P. dactylifera fruit powder was used as feed inclusion at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% concentrations to the pelleted fish diet of C. gariepinus juveniles. A total of 75 fish were divided into fourgroups (n=15) . The fish were fed with the formulated feed twice a day (08:00 h and 17:00 h), and terminated 24 h before the commencement of the microbial inoculation with inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. The fish were later challenged with active Aeromonas hydrophila after seven weeks of experimental feeding. Blood samples were collected from fish while haemagglutination and phagocytic assays were used to determine the antibody titres and phagocytic action of the immune cells, respectively. Then, the micronucleus assay was used to determine the chromosomal damage effect of Aeromonas hydrophila pathogen on exposed C. gariepinus. Results: After the challenge, the groups fed with 0.5 and 2.0% date showed significantly (p˂0.05)elevated level of immune responses with antibody titres of 231.49±77.06 and 257.18±51.37, and phagocytic activity values of 0.07±0.01 and 0.04±0.00, respectively. The clastogenic effect of A. hydrophilaon the peripheral blood of infected C. gariepinus was observed, this was significantly reduced in 2% P. dactylifera fed group. Also, increase white blood cell count was observed in the C. gariepinus group fed with 0.5% date supplement. A higher lymphoid organ index was also observed in fish fed with the supplemented diet, as compared to the control. Conclusions: These results indicate that P. dactylifera fruit powder enriched diet showed an immune-boosting and reduction of the DNA damaging effect in bacteria-infected C. gariepinus
... Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a major fruit tree in most of the Arabian Peninsula and it is considered one of the most important commercial crops [1,2]. Date fruit is a highly nutritious food product that is rich in simple sugars such as glucose and fructose (65-80%). ...
The study investigated the phenols, sugar and the antioxidant capacities of date fruit extracts obtained by organic solvents and by hydrothermal treatment from six different Algerian cultivars at two ripening stages for the first time. The analyzed cultivars exhibited potent antioxidant properties (ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging capacities) and different phenols regardless of the solvents and the maturity stages. About 18 phenols were identified and quantified, mainly in the hydrothermal extracts. The earlier stages were characterized by high amounts of o-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid and luteolin, with a noticeable absence of quercetin. The tamr stage presented the highest sugar content (78.15–86.85 mg/100 mg dry weight (DW)) with an abundance of glucose. Galactose was present only in some cultivars from the kimri stage (tamjouhert). Uronic acids were mostly detected at the tamr stage (4.02–8.82 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 mg dried weight). The obtained results highlight the potential of using date fruit extracts as natural antioxidants, especially at industrial scales that tend use hydrothermal extraction.
... 45,46,52,[64][65][66] Improvement in Hb% & QOL: It was achieved in 16.7% and 100% patients respectively during the study period. Mild improvement in Hb% may be due to nutritive, 44 tonic, 49,[53][54][55][56] immunity enhancer,and antioxidant 44,57-59 activities of research drug. 100% improvement in QOL of women suffering from HMB may be due to reduction in MBL and DOB. ...
Diagnosed cases (n=30) of HMB with pelvic pathology were included in the study. Unani formulation comprises of Khurma (Phoenix dactylifera Linn), Rasaut (Berberis aristata), Talmakhana (Asteracantha longifolia Linn), Lodh pathani (SymplocosracemosaRoxb) was administered orally in powder form in a dose of 3g with 2g sugar, twice daily for seven days/cycle for three consecutive cycles.Main outcome measures were clinical response of 30-50% in menstrual blood loss (MBL) assessed with pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) and duration of bleeding (DOB). Improvement in Hb% and quality of life (QOL) assessed with menorrhagia impact questionnaire (MIQ). Data were analyzed using paired Student 't' test, Results: Clinical response of 30-50% in MBL and DOB was achieved in 86.7% (p< 0.001**) and 56.7% (p< 0.001**) patients respectively and improvement in Hb% and QOL was achieved in 16.7% (p=0.228) and 100% (p< 0.001**) patients respectively. Conclusion:Unani formulation had a significant effect in controlling the bleeding by reduction in MBL and DOB with improvement in QOL
... The antibacterial activity of these extracts due toas alkaloids, sterols, carbohydrates, flavonoids vitamins, tannins and phenolic acids (Eong, 2006). The results agreed with Perveen et al. (2012) which found the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract was the maximum rate of effectiveness inhibitory towards pathogenic bacteria than aqueous and acetone extracts. Also, agreed with Saleh (2016) which notice the ethanolic and chloroform extracts of Khastawi date seed was the best than aqueous extract of antibacterial activity, This due to the ability of organic solvents to extraction high level of phenolic compounds (Cox et al., 2001). ...
Eight species of pathogenic and contaminated bacteria were isolated and identified with the biochemical test and make sure of purity with VITIC2 Technical . The bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii , Bacillus subtilis ,Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoni , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus mirabilis ,Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes . Investigation effect of aqueous , ethanolic , methanolic of Halawi , Khadrawi and Zahdi date seed extracts on the growth of isolated bacteria , The results showed that ethanolic extract was most effective extract compared to other extract in influencing on the growth of bacteria using Agar Well Diffusion .
... The antibacterial activity of these extracts due toas alkaloids, sterols, carbohydrates, flavonoids vitamins, tannins and phenolic acids (Eong, 2006). The results agreed with Perveen et al. (2012) which found the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract was the maximum rate of effectiveness inhibitory towards pathogenic bacteria than aqueous and acetone extracts. Also, agreed with Saleh (2016) which notice the ethanolic and chloroform extracts of Khastawi date seed was the best than aqueous extract of antibacterial activity, This due to the ability of organic solvents to extraction high level of phenolic compounds (Cox et al., 2001). ...
Eight species of pathogenic and contaminated bacteria were Isolated and identified with the biochemical test and make sure of purity with VITIC2 Technical. The bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Investigation effect of aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic of Halawi, Khadrawiand Zahdi date seed extracts on the growth of isolated bacteria, the results showed that ethanolic extract was most effective extract compared to other extracts in influencing on the growth of bacteria using Agar Well Diffusion. The most active extract against P. aeruginosa strain was ethanol extract from Zahdi seed with a 22.3+ 0.32mm inhibition zone followed by 20.2 + 0.22 mm for Escherichia coli.
... In many regions several experimental studies; have tested the biological activities of different parts of date palm extracts and reported their therapeutic value [16,17]. Among these effects, the antibacterial [18][19][20], antifungal [21], antiviral [22] anti-diabetic [23,24], antioxidant [25][26][27][28][29][30] and anti-tumor [31][32][33], neuropharmacological, analgesic [34], anti-psoriasis [35], anti-Inflammatory [36,37], hypolipidimic, cardioprotective [38], and anti-allergic properties [39] were found. ...
More than 2000 cultivars of Phoenix dactylifera L. are known to grow around the world. Date is an essential fruit in North Africa, and in Libya in particular, it represents an important national food resource. Recently, researchers discovered the medicinal value of different parts of palm tree beside the well known nutritional value of the fruit edible part. In this study five Libyan date seeds (Bestian, Deglet, Abel, Khadrai and Hamrai) were collected from Aljofra region and were screened for phytochemical components and their antimicrobial activity. The phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of five different Libyan date palm seeds showed the presence of aflavnoids, glycosides, phytosterols, phenolic compound, tannins, and fixed oil, absences of alkaloids and saponine. The susceptibility of bacterial species to five methanolic extracts of Phoenix dactylifera L seeds by cup-cut agar method exhibited Inhibition zones (IZD). That inhibition zone diameters are vary from 15.0 0.3 to 3.02 0.01 against MRSA; 16.040.1 to 6.0 0.7 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 14.2 0.1 to 6.00.7 against Proteus vulgaris; 18.3 0.2 to 6.0 0.1 against Staphylococcus aureus; 14.04 0.2 to 2.0 0.02 against E. coli; and 18.0 0.1 to3.2 0.02 against Klebsiella pneumonia. The results of current study shows the antibacterial properties of five Libyan samples of date seed extract against a wide spectrum of bacteria.
... There is a continuous need for the development of new antifungal drugs because the increase in number of drug resistant fungal is no longer matched by discoveries of new drugs to treat infections [1]. The date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is listed in folk remedies for the treatment of various infectious diseases and cancer [2][3][4]. This fruits are very commonly consumed in many parts of the world and a vital component of the diet and a staple food in most of the Arabian countries. ...
The aim of this study was to identify the effect of aqueous extract of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on therapeutic index of amphotericin B. The water extract of date fruit of Phoenix dactylifera were tested for the antifungal activity with amphotericin B against the yeast Candida albicans ATCC 1023. Secondly, we have tested the cytotoxicity of this complex on human red blood cells.
The results showed a significant improvement in the antifungal activity compared with amphotericin B alone at therapeutic concentration. Furthermore, the addition of aqueous extract protects human red blood cells against the cytotoxicity induced by amphotericin B. This is due probably, to the effect of flavonoïds and polysaccharides present in date fruit.
... Many years of research on the properties of dates have shown that they have a good antibacterial effect against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexeneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (Perveen et al. 2012). Flavonoids present in dates seem to be responsible for their antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Candida krusei (Orhan et al. 2010). ...
Due to the growing interest in running a healthy life, including the diet a special interest has been put in searching for products that are rich in nutrients, macro and micronutrients and vitamins. Dates are the fruits that meet these requirements and show multidirectional pro-health effects. These fruits are a source of potassium and other macro- and micronutrients. They have antioxidant properties thanks to the content of flavonoids and polyphenols. The elemental composition (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Sr and Zn) and antioxidant properties (total equivalent antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content) of various dates from different regions of the world was determined. The results have shown that the peel and flesh of dates differ significantly in chemical composition. The peel is significantly richer in chemical components of biological importance. Discriminant analysis of the results obtained for dates originated from various regions indicated that the main factor determining the tested chemical composition is the place of cultivation, not the variety.
... The antibacterial activity of these extracts due toas alkaloids, sterols, carbohydrates, flavonoids vitamins, tannins and phenolic acids (Eong, 2006). The results agreed with Perveen et al. (2012) which found the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract was the maximum rate of effectiveness inhibitory towards pathogenic bacteria than aqueous and acetone extracts. Also, agreed with Saleh (2016) which notice the ethanolic and chloroform extracts of Khastawi date seed was the best than aqueous extract of antibacterial activity, This due to the ability of organic solvents to extraction high level of phenolic compounds (Cox et al., 2001). ...
Eight species of pathogenic and contaminated bacteria were Isolated and identified with the biochemical test and make sure of purity with VITIC2 Technical. The bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Investigation effect of aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic of Halawi, Khadrawiand Zahdi date seed extracts on the growth of isolated bacteria, the results showed that ethanolic extract was most effective extract compared to other extracts in influencing on the growth of bacteria using Agar Well Diffusion. The most active extract against P. aeruginosa strain was ethanol extract from Zahdi seed with a 22.3+ 0.32mm inhibition zone followed by 20.2 + 0.22 mm for Escherichia coli.
... The inhibition of bacterial growth by this extract could be due to the presence of some active compounds which may act alone or in combination to inhibit bacterial growth. These results were found to be in accordance with earlier studies 5,24 who recorded positive antibacterial effects for the date pits extract against gram negative bacteria. ...
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is considered the most important source of food for humans in both arid and semiarid regions. The present work aimed to study the antibacterial effect of date palm pits crude extracts (aqueous and alcoholic) alone and in combination (synergistic) with the antibiotics that some pathogenic bacterial species (staphylococcos aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) show resistant to it. HPLC analysis revealed that tested date pit aqueous extract contains several phenolic compounds (Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid, Chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, Sinapic acid, Genstic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, Gallic acid and Protocatechuic acid). No antibacterial effect was detected for the extracts against staphylococcos aureus. In contrast, both extracts show an excellent inhibition activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Synergistic activity was tested; four concentrations of date palm pit extract (100, 75, 50 and 25 (mg/ml) were prepared using dimethylsulfoxide. The most active concentrations that gave synergistic antibacterial activity with vancomycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were (100 and 75 mg/ml) with alcoholic extract showing less effect on the pseudomonas aeruginosa than the aqueous extract. On the other hand, no synergistic activity was observed for the extracts and the vancomycin against staphylococcos aureus.
... The antibacterial activity of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of the seven date varieties against two pathogenic bacterial (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) revealed that the aqueous extracts have not expressed inhibition zones around the wells, whereas methanolic extracts showed a strong antibacterial activity against the two bacterial strains. Our results are in a good concordance with some studies like [32][33]. The difference between the antibacterial activities could be explained by the nature and the concentration of the metabolites content in each type of extract. ...
... Jassim and Naji reported that date pit extract possesses anti-viral activity after 18 h against Pseudomonas phage ATCC 14209-B1 at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 10 μg/ml (Jassim and Naji, 2010). Another study showed that the pits and leaves of dates have anti-microbial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes with MICs of 1.4 mg/ml and 1.3 mg/ml, respectively, compared to the positive control doxycycline (Perveen et al., 2012). Subsequently, animal studies have also shown that oral consumption of date palm pollen at a dose of 120 mg/ kg has the ability to increase male fertility for 35 days (in vivo studies) (Bahmanpour et al., 2006). ...
Ethnopharmacological relevance:
Over the past thousand years, Islamic physicians have collected cultural, philosophical, sociological and historical backgrounds for understanding diseases and medications. The Prophet Mohammed (Peace Be Upon Him (PBUH) said: "There is no disease that Allah has created, except that Allah also has created its cure." Therefore, Islamic scholars are encouraged to explore and use both traditional and modern forms of medicine.
Aim of the study:
(1) To identify some of the medicinal plants mentioned in the Holy Qur'ân and Ahadith textbooks of the period 700-1500 AD; (2) to compare them with presently used traditional medicines; (3) to evaluate their value based on modern research; and (4) to investigate the contributions of Islamic scholars to the development of the scientific branches, particularly medicine.
Materials and methods:
A literature search was performed relating to 12 medicinal plants mentioned in the Holy Qur'ân and Ahadith using textbooks, Al-Azhar scholars, published articles, the plant list website (http://www.theplantlist.org/), the medicinal plant names services website (http://mpns.kew.org/mpns-portal/) and web databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar).
Results and discussion:
The Islamic Golden Age was a step towards modern medicine, with unique insights and multi-disciplinary aspects. Traditional Islamic Medicine has had a significant impact on the development of various medical, scientific and educational activities. Innumerable Muslim and non-Muslim physicians have built on the strong foundation of Traditional Islamic Medicine by translating the described natural remedies and effects. The influences of different ancient cultures on the traditional uses of natural products were also documented in Islamic Scriptures in the last part of the second millennium. The divine teachings of Islam combine natural and practical healing and incorporate inherited science and technology.
Conclusion:
In this review, we discuss Traditional Islamic Medicine with reference to both medical recommendations mentioned in the Holy Qur'ân and Prophetic Traditional Medicine (al-Tibb al-Nabawi). Although the molecular mechanisms and functions of some of the listed medicinal plants and their derivatives have been intensively studied, some traditional remedies have yet to be translated into clinical applications.
... On the same note, methanol and acetone extracts from date leaves have been shown with significant antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Bacillus subtilis (Perveen, Bokhari, & Soliman, 2012). ...
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest hazards globally that is leading to prolonged hospital stay, inflated medical expenditures and increased morbidity and mortality. Many natural compounds have intrinsic antibacterial activity which needs to be exploited for their clinical use. Given its nutritional value, Date palm is considered as an essential nourishing source in many countries while the Date seed beverage is consumed locally to promote the health. The aim of our research is to assess the active constituents from date palm seed cake for their antimicrobial activity. Extraction of the date seed powder using high polarity solvents i.e. hexane and ethyl-acetate using cold extraction method. The isolates were later assessed for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using agar-well diffusion method.The ethyl-acetate extract in a 10% Dimethyl sulfoxide exhibited effective inhibition of bacterial growth in comparison with gentamycin. Potential antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract was observed against numerous Gram positive pathogens.
... This product is obtained after date seeds oxypropylation and liquefaction in organic solvents with catalyzation (Briones et al., 2011). Nevertheless, date seeds have a high potential for many other functions, since they show antimicrobial and antioxidant activity (Perveen et al., 2012). ...
Date palm fruits and their seeds are excellent sources of dietary fiber (DF). Date fruits contain 8.1–12.7 % Total DFs (of which 84–94 % is insoluble and 6–16 % soluble DF) and is very rich in phenolic antioxidants (1–2 %). Date fruit fibers are composed of cellulose and NSP. Moreover, date DF has important functional properties, such as water-holding capacity and oil-holding capacity. Date seeds contain about 15 % fiber, characterized by a high level of water-insoluble mannan fibers. It has been suggested that date fruits and seeds can be exploited in some food applications. In order to improve fiber yields, pretreatment procedures can be applied, which give excellent results in the case of date palm fibers. Date fruits are widely available in the global market, but there is still room for improvement, particularly in the revalorization of date processing waste, and secondary cultivars. The incorporation of date fruits and seeds as food ingredients would promote the presence of dates in the modern's consumer shopping basket. Present knowledge about different aspects of date DF, and suitable extraction methods and applications of date fiber (flesh and seed), will be the focus of this report.
... The antimicrobical activity of Palm pollen draws from containing the auxiliary anabolic materials as sterols, flavonoids ,alkaloids and saponoids, coumarin and pectin [9] , and the activity of the alcoholic extract may draw from the capacity of some material melting in alcohol more than in water. [19] appeared that the activity of the Palm pollen extract against the bacterial species draw from its containing the flavonoids like querectin, and [20] indicated that the Palm pollen extract has an activity in inhibiting certain strains of bacteria including E.coli and staphylococcus as well as the fungus Fusarium oxysporium that is one of the morbigenous fungus to plant and isolated from soil and that because the pollen is rich with Cinnamic , flavonoid and Gallic acid , whreas [21] showed there was no important role for the aqueos extract of the Palm pollen against the numerous practical bacterial species. [11] found that the crud ethanol extract had an important role in inhibiting numerous negative and positive gram bacterial species as Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli , Bacillus subtillis, streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Shiglla flexeneri. ...
A number of bacterial and fungal strains associated with external ear infections from the Samarra General Hospital were isolated and included bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal species. (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Pencillium spp, Cladosporium) The genus Phoenix doctitera is an important and rich variety of nutrients. It has been tested as a subject for study. Its biological effect on pollen was tested against bacterial and fungal species using ethanol and distilled distilled water. The results showed an inhibitory effect against some of the above-mentioned species with the highest inhibitory against Staphyiococcus .aureus 0.25 ± 2.23 mm and the highest inhibition of Cladosporium 0.2 ± 2.0 mm. Bacteria resistance E.coli, Klebsiella and A. fungus A. flavus , A. niger for the extract of alcohol as the water extract did not have any effect against bacterial and fungal species.
... Nowadays, microbial resistance is recognized as a top 5 priority worldwide problem (Perveen et al., 2012), generating an acute need for searching new antimicrobial agents. The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases dates back to the history of human life, that is, since human beings have sought a tool into environment for combating diseases (Halberstein, 2005). ...
The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential antimicrobial activity of Olea europaea fatty oil against a collection of bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal (Candida albicans) clinical isolates. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity were evaluated by broth microdilution method for establishing the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and microtiter assay for determining the minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). Some of the potential microbial targets of the fatty oil were investigated by flow cytometry (FCM). The results obtained hereby revealed that Olea europaea fatty oil inhibited microbial planktonic growth (MICs values of 5.23-41.8 mg/ mL) and biofilm development on inert substrata (MBEC values of 1.31-20.9 mg/ mL). The FCM measurements confirmed that the analyzed oil induced microbial membrane damages and inhibited microbial efflux pump activity.
The pharmaceutical research sector’s inability to develop new drugs has made it challenging to combat microbial resistance. Secondary metabolites from plant extracts have been identified as potential protective agents against multi-drug-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to analyze hydro-ethanol extracts’ antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from various parts of the Zahidi date (whole fruit, pit powder, and flesh). Phytochemical screening of phenolic and flavonoid compounds was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were extracted at their maximum levels, 71.89 mg/100 g and 843.06 mg/100 g, respectively, using EoH 60%. The whole fruit had the highest concentration of flavonoid quercetin (0.83 μg/g) and phenolic compoundsinapic acid (20.03 μg/g) at the same concentration. The findings from the broth micro-dilution method showed that the whole fruit had the strongest antimicrobial effects at 60% EoHagainst Salmonella typhi (30 mg/ml), Helicobacter pylori (27 mg/ml), Escherichia coli (22 mg/ml), and Staphylococcus aureus (44 mg/ml). Zahidi whole fruit extracts showed higher antioxidant potential at EoH 60% using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging potential (78%) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a significant negative correlation between antioxidant activity and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Evidence from this study highlights the considerable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Zahidi date fruit, suggesting its potential use in producing natural drugs and value-added foods to counteract contagious diseases.
Salmonella typhi merupakan bakteri penyebab infeksi tifoid. Bakteri tersebut menghasilkan endotoksin. Efek dari endotoksin yaitu mengaktivasi makrofag. Kurma adalah salah satu imunomodulator yang dapat mempengaruhi sel limfosit melalui produksi sitokin yang dapat mengaktivasi makrofag. Kurma ajwa adalah salah satu varietas kurma yang mempunyai kandungan seperti vitamin A, zinc, dan polifenol yang dapat menstimulasi sistem imun. Kurma mempunyai efek antimikroba terhadap bakteri gram positif maupun negatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kurma ajwa sebagai antibakterial dan imunomodulator terhadap bakteri Salmonella thypi. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan literature review dengan desain narrative review. Jenis data penelitian dari jurnal internasional dan jurnal nasional yang diperoleh dari Google Scholar, Elseiver, PubMed. Potensi antibakteri dari kurma varietas ajwa terhadap Salmonella typhi pada zona hambat menggunakan ekstrak metanol lebih tinggi dibanding ekstrak air, kematangan kurma yang berbeda menghasilkan zona hambat yang berbeda pula. Salah satu kandungan kurma yaitu flavonoid dan fenolik tertinggi berada pada kurma ajwa dibandingkan jenis kurma lainnya, yang merupakan sumber antibakterial dan imunomodulator. Kurma ajwa memperlihatkan efek antibakterial dan imunomodulator terhadap bakteri Salmonella typhi. Sehingga kurma ajwa bisa dijadikan alternative herbal untuk penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Salmonella typhi.
Introduction et objectifs Les dattes, un fruit miraculeux cité dans le Coran constitue un aliment de base des populations des zones désertiques vu ses valeurs nutritionnelles et biologiques élevées d’où la nécessité de son exploitation dans différents domaines. Dans cette optique, la présente étude cible une évaluation qualitative et quantitative de différents composants de la datte en vue de sa valorisation particulièrement comme alternative naturelle à l’antibiothérapie. Matériels et Méthodes Une caractérisation morphométrique (poids et taille) et physicochimique (pH, acidité titrable, humidité, cendres) de douze (12) variétés de dattes algériennes a été réalisée. Par la suite, différents composants (pulpe, noyaux et mixture) de trois variétés choisies ; Tamesrit, Deglet Nour et H’mira ont servi au calcul de la teneur en polyphénols totaux et l’évaluation de l'effet antibactérien de leurs extraits méthanoliques vis à-vis S. aureus et E. coli par la technique de la microdilution où les CMIs et les CMBs ont été déterminées. Résultats et discussion Les analyses morphométriques et physicochimiques ont montré des différences hautement significatives (P<0.001) entre les variétés quel que soit le paramètre étudié où la majorité des cultivars ont présenté un bon caractère. Pour les trois variétés, le taux des polyphénols totaux varie très significativement (P<0.001) et est plus important dans les extraits méthanoliques (24.25 à 156.84 mg EAG/100g d’extrait) que les extraits aqueux (20.24 à 113.69 mg EAG/100g d’extrait). Un effet antibactérien plus important a été noté dans les noyaux des extraits méthanoliques avec des CMIs et des CMBs allant de <0.61 à 1.17mg. Cet effet était particulièrement intéressant chez les variétés H’mira et Tamesrit pour inhiber la croissance des deux souches. Conclusion Les dattes possèdent des propriétés antibactériennes intéressantes qui méritent d’être exploitées.
Date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is considered as one of the oldest cultivated plants of humankind and used as food for 6000 years. It is mostly cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Date fruit is the ancient crops in Southwest Asia and North Africa, and can also be grown in Australia, Mexico, South America, Southern Africa, and the United States. The genus Phoenix contains 12 of 1500 species that belong to the Date palm family. Date fruit is consumed widely and has been used for traditional medicine purposes for a long time. Dates fruit are for multipurpose use, whether fresh or dried is the perfect source of energy because of its high nutritional value and its long life. Date fruit has many pharmacological actions like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antiulcer, anticancer, antidiarrheal, antihyperlipidemic, haemopoietic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and used in infertility, strengthening of oocytes and pregnancy, urinary complaints, respiratory diseases, paralysis, sexual debility, fever, infection, constipation etc. Date palm fruits are a safe, natural alternative and complementary treatment comparable with synthetic drugs to combat many disease conditions. The present review article enlightens the nutritional value and therapeutic uses of date fruit as mentioned in classical Unani text in a scientific manner.
Many natural candidates of plant origin like fruits, fruit skin, fruit seeds, barks etc. have been studied to determine their antibacterial activity. This study came for the rapidly increasing antibiotic resistant bacteria which are now becoming difficult to deal with. So natural phytochemicals are screening out to find the effective phytochemicals which can
act against these antibiotic resistant bacteria. In the current study we chose five different
dates (ajwa, maryam, sagai, safawi, amber) and the leave of date tree to determine their
efficacy against five clinical isolates (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus spp.). Dates and leaves
samples were first homogenized directly for the preparation of crude extract and
subjected to antibacterial activity test following agar well diffusion method. Sun dried
samples were powdered and then subjected to ethanol, methanol and aqueous extract
production. Clinical isolates were used to determine the antibacterial activity of the
extracts against them. The isolates were found to be multi drug resistant. Out of twenty
eight antibiotics, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to ten antibiotics and
Enterococcus spp. was resistant to eight antibiotics. Rather than the crude extracts of the
fruits ad leaves, ethanol, methanol extract showed much higher antibacterial activity
towards multi drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. Aqueous extract were found to exhibit
the lowest degree of effectiveness compared to other extracts. Methanol extracts
exhibited higher efficacy than ethanol extracts. Extracts of amber showed highest results
whereas other dates showed nearly similar results on an average. As the clinical isolates
were able to be inhibited by the extracts, they can be used as an alternative for treating
infections caused by these bacteria.
Essential oils are odorous substances that are extracted from plant materials which are very useful in preserving fruits, from post-harvest to final product production, since they have metabolites that prevent spoilage by microorganisms that affect food. This chapter compiles information on the biotechnological applications of essential oils to reduce the proliferation of microorganisms that cause foodborne diseases and that decrease the shelf life during storage of the fruits. In addition, it details the most used extraction methods to obtain essential oils, and their current applications in post-harvest and fruit preservation.
The antimicrobial activity of two products of Acacia Senegal, Acacia seyal as prebiotics (Al Manna and Tayebat) extracts were assayed against the twelve gram positive and gram negative bacteria namely S. aureus, S epidermidis, St. pneumoniae, Ps. aeroginosa, Proteus merabilis, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia spp., E. coli, Salmonella typhi, and C. albicans using agar well diffusion method. Aqueous extract were able to exhibit antimicrobial activity. The highest antimicrobial activity of Tayebat with zone of inhibition of 20 mm and Al Manna present with zone of inhibition 10 and 20 of different microorganisms. Prebiotic (Al Manna and Tayebat) could be used as a source of antimicrobial agents to treat different medical cases.
Background
From ancient times, some plants have been used in folk medicine due to their natural origin and their recognized health benefits. Fruits, leaves, pits and pollen from Phoenix dactylifera have been included for the treatment of different health diseases and disorders, since they are an important source of bioactive compounds that are mainly responsible for their biological activity. Their high nutritive value and their potential curative effects have increased their use, encourage by the growing consumer concern for health. As a result, it has reverted to the use of natural products, commonly used as food and in traditional medicine.
Scope and approach
This review includes recent information about antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, as well as potential health benefits of Phoenix dactylifera and its products.
Key Findings and conclusions: Several properties have been associated with these products such as anticarcinogenic, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, nephroprotective or neuroprotective effects, which could become as alternative therapies for the common health problems. Phenolic compounds, carotenoids, phytosterols and phytoestrogens isolated from the products of Phoenix dactylifera have been linked to these properties.
ABSTRACT
The antimicrobial activity of two products of Acacia
Senegal, Acacia seyal as prebiotics (Al Manna and
Tayebat) extracts were assayed against the twelve
gram positive and gram negative bacteria namely S.
aureus, S epidermidis, St. pneumoniae, Ps. aeroginosa,
Proteus merabilis, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia spp., E. coli,
Salmonella typhi, and C. albicans using agar well
diffusion method. Aqueous extract were able to exhibit
antimicrobial activity. The highest antimicrobial
activity of Tayebat with zone of inhibition of 20 mm
and Al Manna present with zone of inhibition 10 and
20 of different microorganisms. Prebiotic (Al Manna
and Tayebat) could be used as a source of
antimicrobial agents to treat different medical cases.
Staphylococcus aureus (Staph.aureus) are important causes of food-borne diseases (Food Borne Illnesses) they cause two types of food poisoning are diarrhea and vomiting syndrome, and their presence in food revealing or proof of these food contamination cough and sneeze and hands employed in processing and circulation after heat some transactions which helps to grow and breed. Hence the idea of this study to assess the prevalence of intestinal bacteria in 60 sample pulps falafel and her disks are ready for human consumption, as results showed a 44 sample container on Staphylococcus aureus isolates specifically through a series of tests which confirmed affiliation to it, while 14 showed a sample and 23.3% percentage of positive test towards intestinal toxin and detection limits 0.13 ng/g > using my VIDASTM SET 2.
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