No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Agriculture at the crossroads: assuring food security in developing countries under the challenges of global warming.
... If technology is capable of moving ambient C underground, the target of reducing warming to 1.5 C may be within reach. In comparison, C stored underground could be longer lasting than C stored in overground biomass like a vegetative cover, because the former is more likely to withstand the consequences of fire and wind like natural forces (Hoffmann 2013). ...
Carbon (C) farming includes practices that are considered to raise the rate at which CO2 from the atmosphere is removed and transformed from plants and soil into organic matter. C farming is successful, where C benefits arising from better land use or restoration practices outweigh C losses. The 2018 report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, clearly indicated that transition is required to limit the impact of climate change to 1.5 °C Celsius increase in global temperature. This will require that 570 gigatons of carbon dioxide remain within the accumulated carbon budget, to reach about no carbon dioxide emissions globally around 2050, limiting the effects of climate change to 1.5 °C will require significant improvements in agriculture to how we manage our forests and natural carbon sinks. C farming may provide landholders with financial support to reduce C emissions, but it should still stand to achieve several co-benefits, both economic and environmental. Population expansion across the globe has led agriculture to be a major mode of global soil management. Because of the rapid increase in population and growing food needs, human impact on the soil is accelerating. Humans involved land-use practices and land-use or land-cover alterations caused differences to the natural fluxes that were superimposed. Land-cover shifts, expressed in surface albedo and hence exchanges found in surface-atmosphere energy and these are also regulating for surface and vegetation changes that have an adverse effect on regional level climatic conditions. Terrestrial habitats are major C sinks and sources, and so changes that occurred in land-use pattern are often reflected in the C cycle. Among the economic sectors that produce GHGs and thereby lead to climate change, agriculture is exceptional. Indeed, agricultural operations lead not only to origins but also to major CO2 sinks. 13.5% of worldwide GHGs emission are compensated for by agriculture’s exposure to GHGs. The minimal tillage of soil is one method that used in C farming for regenerative agriculture campaigns. Tillage elimination can be a major part of the response to the adversely changing climate crisis. Soil is a most dynamic natural C reservoir, potentially containing up to three times the atmosphere’s C content. Other activities in C smart farming require planting of shelter. In addition, the government needs to boost energy production, avoid the destruction of trees, speed up the production of low-emission technologies, produce versatile fuels, substitute low-C coal with low-C gas, increase plantation areas for C capture and storage, etc.
... As a general ecological principle, diverse agro-ecosystems are expected to be more resilient and sustainable in the long term (Gliessman, 1998). Moreover, agro-ecosystems making use of biodiversity avoid the well-known environmental, health, and social problems caused by intensive agriculture based on fossil fuels (Hoffmann, 2013;Rockstrom et al., 2009). In particular, intercropping has been shown to provide various benefits, e.g. ...
Intercropping is often proposed as a valid agroecological tool for low-input arable farming, but few studies assess it at the farm level. We set up a farm experiment to test a wheat-Persian clover temporary intercropping system (Pcw, unfertilized wheat sown at 330 seeds m − 2 , and clover sown in paired rows; Pcwbc, unfertilized wheat sown at 330 seeds m − 2 , and clover broadcast sown) against a farm system control treatment (Ctrl, fertilized wheat as a sole crop sown in single rows at 440 seeds m − 2) and a factorial control treatment (Ctrlpr, unfertilized wheat as a sole crop, sown in paired rows at 330 seeds m − 2). Persian clover in Pcw/Pcwbc was incorporated into the soil at the wheat stem elongation phase. At early stages, wheat biomass and nitrogen accumulation in Pcw/Pcwbc was significantly lower than in Ctrl; the same parameters were lower in Pcw/Pcwbc compared to Ctrlpr, but not significantly different. At harvest, wheat grain yield in Pcw was not significantly reduced compared to Ctrlpr, but it was around 20% lower than in Ctrl. Grain yield and N accumulation in Pcwbc at harvest were lower than Ctrl and Ctrlpr. Wheat grain protein content was 16% and 24% higher in Pcw and Pcwbc, respectively, than in Ctrlpr, and 15% and 28% compared to Ctrl. None of the treatments was economically viable from a farming perspective, although Pcw showed less economic losses, as the higher protein level raises the grain prices. Overall, the insertion of Persian clover in a temporary intercropping system reduces grain yield compared to wheat customarily sown, while simultaneously improving wheat grain protein content. No clear indication on the effect of intercropping on weed dynamics can be given.
... Lester Brown [1], author of the "Plan B" series of books, suggests that among the most pressing needs are controlling global population growth, reversing recent biofuel policies, and decreasing meat consumption in industrialized nations. Similarly, Hoffmann [2] suggests that a predominant focus on supply side factors (e.g., producing more food with fewer resources) and a tacit acceptance of current trends in biofuel production, excessive meat-based diets and food wastage is unlikely to yield permanent solutions. ...
An increasing global demand for food is occurring at the same time that water shortages and energy restrictions are escalating in many parts of the world. Much of the attention thus far has focused on supply side factors that can produce more food with fewer resources. Consumers, whose personal water footprints are dominated by food-related activities that have both direct and indirect energy requirements, control the demand side factors for food. Whereas conserving water and energy has been a sufficient incentive for a limited number of consumers to change their food habits, there is an increasing array of nutritional, financial, health and safety reasons why a larger number of consumers may be willing to modify their diets. These reasons range from avoiding pathogens and synthetic chemicals to increasing life expectancy and saving money on groceries. From the perspective of conserving water and energy resources, reducing the consumption of certain animal products, increasing the consumption plant-based foods, changing the ways that foods are perceived and accessed, and selecting foods that are produced with fewer potential water pollutants are among the most relevant. The projected influence of dietary changes on water and energy savings are restricted to industrialized nations, with considerable attention given to the current situation in California, where a severe drought in an agriculturally productive region has highlighted the interactions among water, energy and food.
Tämä artikkeli tuo yhteen useita kriittisen nälkä- ja ruokakysymysten tutkimuksen juonteita edistääkseen keskustelua paremmasta ruokajärjestelmästä. Vallitseva tuotantokeskeinen paradigma pohjautuu yksinkertaistavaan analyysiin nälästä pelkkänä ruoan puutteena sekä tuotannon lisäämisestä tärkeimpänä ratkaisuna. Tällainen lähestymistapa on selvästi ongelmallinen lisääntyvien ympäristöongelmien sekä jatkuvan nälän ja ruokaturvattomuuden aikana. Artikkelissa tarkastellaan vallitsevien nälän mittaamisen tapojen ja tuotantokeskeisten politiikkasuositusten ongelmia. Ruokaturvaperspektiivin ja ruokajärjestelmälähestymistavan avulla tutkitaan nykyisen ruokajärjestelmän ongelmia ja pohditaan tapoja siirtyä kohti kestävämpää ja tasavertaisempaa ruokajärjestelmää, joka kykenisi voittamaan nälän ja edistämään ruokaturvaa.
Climate change is a global phenomenon that refers to changes in weather patterns such as temperature, precipitation and wind which has an effect that last for an extended period of time. The impacts of climate change affect natural and human systems all over the world, and its risks can be observed in several sectors. This chapter highlights the impacts of climate change on activities and sectors in order to investigate their consequences on the built environment. The chapter also discusses global climate change impacts on different sectors such as agricultural and food security, ecosystems, forests, water, health, coastal and flood-prone zones, tourism and energy. Such impacts are summarized and analysed based on three factors: effect (positive or negative impact), occurrence (impact occurred or will occur in the future) and region (continents affected by impact). In addition, it explains the risks and rewards of climate change, along with the sectors that are mostly affected. Moreover, it determines the relative weight of the negative or positive impacts of climate change. Furthermore, the status of impacts in terms of occurrence was also listed, and continents were ranked according to their degree of exposure to climate change risks to assist in forming better assessment for potential impacts of global climate change.
A global shift away from diets dominated by meat, dairy and eggs to mainly plant-based diets is as necessary in mitigating anthropogenic climate change as the shift away from fossil fuels. Yet a large awareness gap exists about animal agriculture's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Recent studies in Australia and the United States show this issue is represented in less than 1 percent of all newspaper articles about climate change. This chapter examines the opportunities and barriers in addressing the livestock sector's impact on climate change. Policy recommendations in the literature are compared with the responses of governments, industry and the NGO sector. Australia's unique socioeconomic and cultural ties to livestock production and the consumption of animal products represent a significant barrier to demand-side mitigation. An analysis of newspaper articles mentioning animal agriculture's link to climate change in The Sydney Morning Herald between 2006 and 2014 provides insights into the facilitation and shaping of public awareness on the issue to date. The findings can inform strategies to increase future media coverage and encourage a more engaged discourse on demand-side mitigation.
La interconexion entre el fenomeno del cambio climatico y las diferentes
aproximaciones al concepto de seguridad es amplia y presenta aspectos muy
diversos. Con este presupuesto inicial, el presente estudio pretende analizar
las posibles derivaciones de esta interconexion en el desarrollo de la accion
juridica internacional en materia de cambio climatico. El regimen juridico
internacional en materia de clima se ha articulado como el principal foro en
el que abordar una respuesta global al cambio climatico, de forma que resulta
interesante reflexionar sobre el impacto que puede tener una aproximacion
basada en la seguridad tanto en el progreso general del regimen, como en el
diseno de algunos de sus elementos juridicos concretos.
A global shift away from diets dominated by meat, dairy and eggs to mainly plant-based diets is as necessary in mitigating anthropogenic climate change as the shift away from fossil fuels. Yet a large awareness gap exists about animal agriculture's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Recent studies in Australia and the United States show this issue is represented in less than 1 percent of all newspaper articles about climate change. This chapter examines the opportunities and barriers in addressing the livestock sector's impact on climate change. Policy recommendations in the literature are compared with the responses of governments, industry and the NGO sector. Australia's unique socioeconomic and cultural ties to livestock production and the consumption of animal products represent a significant barrier to demand-side mitigation. An analysis of newspaper articles mentioning animal agriculture's link to climate change in The Sydney Morning Herald between 2006 and 2014 provides insights into the facilitation and shaping of public awareness on the issue to date. The findings can inform strategies to increase future media coverage and encourage a more engaged discourse on demand-side mitigation.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.