Content uploaded by Alejandra Trejo Nieto
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Alejandra Trejo Nieto on Feb 19, 2015
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Desarrollo local, competitividad y apertura económica en Tamaulipas
Abstract and Figures
In the context of globalization, competitiveness has been employed extensively as an approach to promote regional or local development. In this article, municipal development and its relation to competitiveness in a situation of increasing economic openness and integration are evaluated. The state of Tamaulipas, Mexico is analyzed due to its relative economic and geographic position, which allows it to participate actively in globalizing processes. The research includes all 43 municipalities in Tamaulipas, for which the levels of competitiveness and development between 1990 and 2010 are estimated. A panel data regression analysis is employed to assess the link between these two variables. Estimates show persistent spatial disparities and suggest that higher competitiveness leads to more development. The evidence also indicates that other variables have mixed impacts.
Figures - uploaded by Alejandra Trejo Nieto
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Alejandra Trejo Nieto
Content may be subject to copyright.
... Cuadro 1. Subíndices de competitividad y variables explicativas Variable expresada por cada mil habitantes del municipio. **Variable expresada por cada mil viviendas particulares habitadas del municipio.Fuente: a partir deEsqueda (2014). ...
El objetivo del capítulo es analizar la competitividad de los municipios tamaulipecos para el periodo 1990-2020. La contribución del trabajo se da en dos vertientes; por un lado, la metodológica, ya que propone una forma de medir la competitividad Ad hoc a la realidad del municipio mexicano y, por el otro, presenta un panorama del desempeño competitivo de los municipios tamaulipecos en un periodo caracterizado por el reforzamiento de la liberalización y apertura económica. Se encontró que en los últimos 30 años se ha consolidado un régimen de municipios exitosos o poseedores de una mejor situación competitiva frente a uno de municipios rezagados. Esto revela la ineficacia, statu quo o inexistencia de políticas públicas regionales. En conjunto, la evidencia subraya la importancia estatal y nacional de priorizar las acciones en pro de un desarrollo intermunicipal de mayor calidad. Al respecto puede ser de gran utilidad incorporar herramientas como el Índice de Competitividad Municipal aquí propuesto dado que permite establecer diagnósticos y objetivos de política pública cuantificables.
Es de esperarse que al generar estructura comunitaria donde no existe o regenerar la
existente en los territorios barriales con el apoyo de las instituciones y la sociedad civil local, es una garantía de éxito en la intervención si verdaderamente se le toma en cuenta a los ciudadanos su punto de vista sobre las problemáticas del día a día en los barrios y
colonias populares que muchas veces se sienten incapaces de lidiar con malestares que ponen en riesgo su integridad física o emocional.
El urbanismo participativo se asume como parte de un urbanismo social que compromete su esfuerzo al servicio de la población, sobre todo de aquella en situación de vulnerabilidad, este tipo de urbanismo implica el reconocimiento de un conjunto de Derechos Humanos a los que la población debe tener acceso pleno.
Los planes de barrio permiten a los municipios atender las demandas de la ciudadanía con un enfoque de derechos urbanos que generen a su vez políticas de igualdad e inclusión desde perspectivas de género y planeación participativa que parte de hacer la política urbana desde abajo hacia arriba sin imponer a los habitantes de los barrios políticas que se contraponen o rechazan los vecinos de estos territorios, mismos que se encuentran en conflicto y se convierten en campos de disputa de grupos delincuenciales, políticos o juveniles mal orientados.
Además de conocer de primer orden, de la mano con quienes habitan estas zonas pericentrales, las formas en las que se despliegan algunos tipos de prácticas sociales y culturales que dan como resultado diversas formas de conflictividad social. Esta intervención participativa también puede evidenciar patrones de conducta social y
comunitaria dentro del barrio, es decir, rutas, desplazamientos o corredores donde la conflictividad social se da de manera más intensa, o aquellos sectores dentro de la colonia donde existe una alta integración y regulación debido a la preexistencia de una estructura social sólida y consolidada entre los vecinos, que casi siempre y según lo muestra la investigación en campo, está conformada por vecinos que tienen largos periodos de residencia en el barrio y que forman parte del subgrupo poblacional de
adultos mayores como un rasgo demográfico constitutivo de este tipo de zonas pericentrales con un largo devenir histórico-urbano.
El plan de renovación y recuperación
urbana que se presenta a continuación; parte de
la premisa del regreso a la ciudad existente, a la
ciudad construida, donde sus centralidades
históricas y zonas pericentrales se convierten en
el punto de partida para aquellas acciones
públicas y actuaciones urbanas que tienen como
objetivo frenar la expansión periférica de la
ciudad y el crecimiento desordenado de la urbe
fronteriza.
Las ciudades que habitamos son el reflejo de un proceso histórico en el que la humanidad se ha encargado de transformar el espacio físico, y Ciudad Juárez no es la excepción. En la actualidad es imposible no tomar conciencia de la forma en que las ciudades han afectado el medio ambiente; y, por ende, a la propia humanidad. Próximos a terminar la segunda década el siglo XXI, como humanidad hemos definido que el desarrollo sustentable puede ser la solución para las problemáticas que se viven en las grandes urbes.
La microplaneación participativa acompañada de una estrategia metodológica centrada en los talleres participativos, logra obtener información vital para los equipos técnicos, que una vez sistematizada y organizada, sirve como insumo para la elaboración de los proyectos ejecutivos. De toda la información recuperada en las cartografías (tanto en adultos y niños) se desprenden suficientes datos para elaborar una radiografía del polígono normativo de la colonia.
This paper aims to assess the regional economic impacts in Tamaulipas (Mexico) in 2020 due to the SARS-Cov-2 pandemics. To do so, we analyze the performance of the state's economy in the national and regional context. Furthermore, based on macroeconomic indicators, we provide a timely diagnosis in a scenario with little or no information on the state and derive public policy implications. In this regard, we suggest a series of actions to promote the state's economic recovery.
The hegemony of the maquiladora industry has been essential in elucidating the economy performance of Mexican localities with United States border. However, the bulk of maquiladora firms present a high Employee Turnover Rate (ETR), which increases production costs. Therefore, based on labour annual information in a Reynosa´s maquiladora, the correlation between staff turnover and the underlying socioeconomic factors in said relationship are determined, through various models regression (OLS and 2SLS) and a Probit-type binary response model. The Hausman test (1978) suggests a greater efficiency or less variance in the estimates with 2SLS,.and the majority participation of young single women in the maquiladora sector with a discontinuous cycle inside the labor market is confirmed.
This chapter discusses the general re-scaling of economic, political, and social processes in order to clarify what is at stake in studying contemporary cross-border regions. Its starting point is the 'relativization of scale' associated with the growing decline in the relative structured coherence among national economy, national state, and national society that characterized the heyday of the postwar boom. The end of the Cold War, the decomposition of the Soviet Bloc, and the ‘opening’ of China to foreign capital has reinforced this relativization of scale. These changes are reflected in a proliferation of scales on which attempts are now being made to restructure economic, political, and social relations -- ranging from economic globalization, global governance, and global culture to the promotion of local economies, neighbourhood democracy, and 'tribal' identities. The chapter notes the wide range of contemporary re-scaling strategies and locates cross-border regions within this framework. It also distinguishes nine different processes and/or strategies that lead to the emergence and consolidation of cross-border regions. It concludes with comments on the significance of CBR within the broader context of state restructuring.
Improved competitiveness, as we all know, is the path to economic nirvana. Plainly, it is a sought after property of any economy: the term trips frequently off the lips of politicians and commentators on economic and business matters. As cities increasingly engage in competition with one another at different levels, the determinants of competitive advantage are coming under intense scrutiny. Many
The notion of competitiveness figures nowadays frequently and centrally both in economic policy and in regional development. Current economic development programmes, in short, have been directly responsible for the increasing attention devoted to analyses of regional competitiveness. At the same time, there is a growing consensus that a single notion of competitiveness can be found to describe processes of the globalising economy for companies (microlevel), industrial sectors and regions (mesolevel) as well as for national economies (macrolevel). The standard (common) concept of competitiveness has been partly developed in order to serve as a widely accepted theoretical definition, which can be measured and also be used by economic development policies. Competitiveness is intimately bound up with successful economic development. This study reviews the conceptual background and some special aspects of competitiveness and also looks more closely at one of the basic models of enhancing regional competitiveness. First, some aspects of the standard notion of competitiveness are discussed. Then some key indicators of the competitiveness of Hungarian regions will be investigated. I shall end by introducing the so-called pyramid model, which has been designed to measure and improve regional competitiveness.
The view that nations compete against each other like big corporations has become pervasive among Western elites--many of whom are in the Clinton administration. As a practical matter, however, the doctrine of "competitiveness" is flatly wrong. The world's leading nations are not, to any important degree, in economic competition with each other. Nor can their major economic woes be attributed to "losing" on world markets. This is particularly true in the case of the United States. Yet Clinton's theorists of competitiveness--from Laura D'Andrea Tyson to Robert Reich to Ira Magaziner--make seemingly sophisticated arguments, most of which are supported by careless arithmetic and sloppy research. Competitiveness is a seductive idea, promising easy answers to complex problems. But the result of this obsession is misallocated resources, trade frictions and bad domestic economic policies.
The Handbook of Local and Regional Development provides a comprehensive statement and reference point for local and regional development. The scope of this Handbook’s coverage and contributions engages with and reflects upon the politics and policy of how we think about and practise local and regional development, encouraging dialogue across the disciplinary barriers between notions of ‘local and regional development’ in the Global North and ‘development studies’ in the Global South. This Handbook is organized into seven inter-related sections, with an introductory chapter setting out the rationale, aims and structure of the Handbook. Section one situates local and regional development in its global context. Section two establishes the key issues in understanding the principles and values that help us define what is meant by local and regional development. Section three critically reviews the current diversity and variety of conceptual and theoretical approaches to local and regional development. Section four address questions of government and governance. Section five connects critically with the array of contemporary approaches to local and regional development policy. Section six is an explicitly global review of perspectives on local and regional development from Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America and North America. Section seven provides reflection and discussion of the futures for local and regional development in an international and multidisciplinary context. With over forty contributions from leading international scholars in the field, this Handbook provides critical reviews and appraisals of current state-of-the-art conceptual and theoretical approaches and future developments in local and regional development.
This chapter discusses policy approaches to local and regional development which go beyond the new convenional wisdom of economic competitiveness. In this context, it particularly focuses on the experience of the 'new municipal socialism' of the 1980s and on more recent initiatives attempting to build non-capitalist practices within a capitalist economy.
POTTER J. Evaluating regional competitiveness policies: insights from the New Economic Geography, Regional Studies. his paper examines the relevance of theoretical insights emerging from the New Economic Geography (NEG) for the evaluation of regional competitiveness policies. The major value of the NEG for evaluation is that it offers a clear theory of change on how policy can be expected to impact on regional competitiveness and a theoretical framework for considering potential impacts on national growth as well as spatial equity. Its insights can inform the questions that evaluators pose and the processes they seek to measure. NEG ideas on the influences on competitiveness and their outcomes suggest several new evaluation challenges, including extending the scope of the activities evaluated, assessing interrelationships among regions, assessing impacts on net agglomeration economies, evaluating the trade-off between growth and equity, and understanding threshold effects.