No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Jonas Gwangwa: Musician And Cultural Activist
Abstract
In 1989 South African jazz composer and trombonist Jonas Gwangwa used the
opportunity of an internationally televised interview,1 on the occasion of the Grammy
awards in the United States, to declare on behalf of the leadership of a then exiled African
National Congress (ANC): ‘I serve the people of South Africa under the leadership of the
African National Congress. These nominations and awards are also recognition of our
people's struggles and liberation' (Sowetan 12-08-92). Gwangwa had received a
nomination for a Grammy for the song ‘Cry Freedom' in the category ‘Best Song Written
Specifically for a Motion Picture', and two nominations for an Oscar (USA): one for ‘Best
Music, Original Score', and one for ‘Best Music, Original Song'. He received further
nominations for the category ‘Best Film Score' in Golden Globes (USA), BAFTA (UK), Ivor
Novello (UK), and Anthony Askwith Award (UK), and an ‘Award of Recognition' from
Friends of the Black Emmys (USA). All these accolades were for the film Cry Freedom!2
They may well have given Gwangwa an opportunity to further his international career,
especially in the United States,3 but at that time he chose to continue working for the
ANC and to find his expression by using music politically rather than in commercial
music circles. As Caiphus Semenya puts it: ‘there is another side to Jonas … he is
extremely politically conscious … his music craft and his political craft are intertwined'
(Author's interview, 2003). South African Music Studies Vol. 26-27 2006/7: pp. 47-70
... Recognising that "aspects of performance (…) are integrally both social and individual" (135), Layne chronicles the musical life of Jimmy Adams, a pioneering bandleader who "sought to blend American swing and African jazz (…) with traditional Coloured dance music" (132) . 1 For Layne, Adams' work appeared to "prefigure the successes of the jazz aesthetes in the late 1950s and early 1960s, some of whom developed from being local Cape musicians to innovators of a broader South African jazz idiom" (ibid .) . 2 As Layne explains, "biography can serve a valuable function in reconstructing the specific history of performance since it depicts relationships between broader social change and individual agency" (132-3) . Layne's study is thus significant for drawing attention to the historical importance of lesser-known South African musicians, and for being the first to adopt an epistemological framework that increasingly informs scholarly writing about South African jazz (Szymczak 2006;Dlamini 2010:41-62;Muller and Benjamin 2011;Martin 2013:187-266) . ...
This essay reviews a range of scholarly writings about South African jazz that have appeared as monographs, journal articles, and postgraduate dissertations over the past three decades. It identifies two main streams of research that are respectively contextual or textual in their focus: firstly, social histories of South African jazz culture and/or biographies of particular musicians that consider their lives in the light of these histories; secondly, close musical analyses of particular styles, compositions, and recorded improvisations, and literary analyses of journalistic and creative writings about South African jazz culture. It explains how the essays in this volume contribute to the discursive flows within and across these streams by explicitly and/or implicitly calling for a broadening, deepening, or redirecting of existing channels of inquiry.
We have studied a spin-1/2, ABA Ising trilayer system with two different types of interactions, in-plane ferromagnetic and out-of-plane anti-ferromagnetic, among the lattice sites, on different layers. In the pure case, devoid of any impurity, we employed Monte-Carlo method with single spin-flip Metropolis algorithm to find out the anti-ferromagnetic critical temperature (Néel temperature) and another lower temperature, called the compensation temperature, both with total magnetisation zero, in accordance with already established results for square lattice. Then non-magnetic impurities (spin value = 0) were implanted on each layer at randomly picked sites and their concentration was increased in steps from 5% to 20%. The ratio of inter-planar anti-ferromagnetic to mid-layer ferromagnetic coupling strength as well as the ratio of top and bottom layer ferromagnetic to mid layer ferromagnetic coupling strength were also varied and Néel and compensation temperatures, both were observed shifting towards lower temperature values with increase in concentration of impurities in the lattice for any fixed ratio of different coupling strengths, in absence of any external magnetic field. In addition, the magnitude of the residual magnetisation i.e. the ratio of the peak value of the magnetisation in between Néel and compensation points and the saturated value of magnetisation, was also observed to vary with different values of controlling parameters.
In order to investigate the crystal structure and morphology of perovskite manganite materials, we have been successfully synthesized LaMnO3 and La0,8Ca0,2MnO3 systems through ultrasonic mixing method. The application of these materials is the alternative cooler technology beside freon gas using with residual emission gas. Stoichiometric mixture of La2O3, MnCO3, and CaO with more than 95 % purity were be prepared by ultrasonic mixing 40 kHz 60 watts for 30 minutes to result homogen mixtures. The samples were calcinated at 800°C for 1 h and sintered at 1100°C for 3 h. The structure of the samples was examined by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) Phillips and result as single phase of perovskite manganite materials. Morphology was studied using a 5310LV Jeol scanning electron microscope (SEM) that show the same grains of perovskite manganite material. While Ca substituted for La in the sample, the grain size decreases with decreasing the volume of cell units and finally the particle size of La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 phase decreases.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.