No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
The Satisfaction With Life Scale
Abstract
This article reports the development and validation of a scale to measure global life satisfaction, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Among the various components of subjective well-being, the SWLS is narrowly focused to assess global life satisfaction and does not tap related constructs such as positive affect or loneliness. The SWLS is shown to have favorable psychometric properties, including high internal consistency and high temporal reliability. Scores on the SWLS correlate moderately to highly with other measures of subjective well-being, and correlate predictably with specific personality characteristics. It is noted that the SWLS is suited for use with different age groups, and other potential uses of the scale are discussed.
... De igual manera, la satisfacción con la vida correlaciona con las propias habilidades, creencias y conductas que modulan la experiencia hedónica (Diener et al., 1985), y por lo tanto con la gaudibilidad. Debido a su implicación en un nivel cognitivo con el procesamiento del bienestar subjetivo, el estrés percibido devalúa el resultado de tal proceso valorativo. ...
... Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (Diener et al., 1985). Consta de cinco ítems que evalúan juicios cognitivos generales acerca de la propia vida. ...
... Aparece así que la gaudibilidad correla-ciona significativamente con la satisfacción con la vida sin implicar un solapamiento, puesto que son conceptos que abordan el bienestar hedónico de un modo dispar. Mientras que la gaudibilidad expresa el acto agente de mantener y esperar gozo y disfrute (Padrós, 2002), la satisfacción con la vida expone una positiva valoración cognitiva de la misma (Diener et al., 1985). El análisis de la validación divergente, la correlacion negativa moderada encontrada entre gaudibilidad y estrés, muestra que la gaudibilidad puede asociarse al factor de activación y cambio que los procesos de estrés suponen al estrés percibido (Nelson y Simmons, 2003), lo que indica que el disfrute puede implicar igualmente ciertos aspectos relacionados con el cambio, la ocasión y el reto. ...
La capacidad para gestionar y mantener la experiencia hedónica de disfrute ha sido denominada gaudibilidad por Padrós (2002). Para su evaluación, su autor elaboró la Escala de Gaudibilidad, que ha sido empleada en diversas poblaciones clínicas y aportado resultados interesantes acerca del funcionamiento de las estrategias de mantenimiento y elongación del disfrute; sin embargo, él propio autor recomendó una revisión de este instrumento por las limitaciones psicométricas de que adolecía. Así, el presente estudio da cuenta de un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio del instrumento en una muestra de 476 estudiantes de psicología. Se comprueba su validez convergente y divergente y se analiza su funcionamiento como mediador del efecto del estrés percibido sobre la satisfacción con la vida. Los resultados sugieren que de este modo la escala pasaría de tener un solo factor a ser una escala de veinte reactivos concuatro factores relacionados y catorce ítems. Recibido: 22/08/2023Aceptado: 29/01/2024
... Sample was selected by using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected using Faith in Allah Questionnaire (FAQ) by Farooqi and Tariq (2012) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin (1985).The data was analyzed by using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) 21.0 Version. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, Linear Regression were employed to analyze the research data. ...
... For the most part Life satisfaction is concerned, it has significant place in people lives. It involves the overall assessment of feelings and attitudes about life at a particular point in time ranging from negative to positive, life satisfaction also part of construction of self and relationship (Diener et al, 1985). ...
... The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was develop by Diener et al. (1985) to measure the judgmental component of subjective well-being (SWB). This scale included 5-item having 7point scale that ranges from 7 strongly agree to 1 strongly disagree, designed to measure one's life satisfaction The SWLS is shown to be a valid and reliable measure of life satisfaction, suited for use with a wide range of age groups and applications, The scale's reliability showed good internal consistency (α = 0.74). ...
The aim of the present research was to investigate the predictive relationship of Faith in Allah with Life satisfaction in adults. It was assumed that Faith in Allah would significantly determine life satisfaction in adults. The sample of the present study consisted of three hundred and sixty one (n =361) adult students including 180 males and 181 females. Sample was selected by using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected using Faith in Allah Questionnaire (FAQ) by Farooqi and Tariq (2012) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin (1985).The data was analyzed by using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) 21.0 Version. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, Linear Regression were employed to analyze the research data. Results revealed Faith in Allah as a significant predictor of life satisfaction (β= .182 (t = 3.505, p = .001) in adults.
... The third section consisted of five questions that comprised the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), which measures global life satisfaction as one measure of the quality of life (QoL) construct [28]. SWLS has been employed in various populations, nationalities, and languages, including Arabic [29,30]. ...
... The total score thus ranges from 5-35, and a score of 20 represents a neutral point. Scores were interpreted as Extremely Dissatisfied (5 to 9), Dissatisfied (10 to 14), Slightly below average in life satisfaction (15 to 19), Average life satisfaction (20 to 24), satisfied [26][27][28][29][30], and extremely satisfied [28,[31][32][33][34][35]. ...
... The total score thus ranges from 5-35, and a score of 20 represents a neutral point. Scores were interpreted as Extremely Dissatisfied (5 to 9), Dissatisfied (10 to 14), Slightly below average in life satisfaction (15 to 19), Average life satisfaction (20 to 24), satisfied [26][27][28][29][30], and extremely satisfied [28,[31][32][33][34][35]. ...
Background
The Gaza Strip has been embroiled in a violent military assault since October 2023, with an immense toll on the civilian population. Armed conflicts threaten the mental health of affected communities and survivors, and psychiatric morbidity increases with forced displacement and with severe and recurrent trauma. This study investigates the prevalence and predisposing factors of depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD symptoms in a group of young adult students from the Gaza Strip during the war.
Methods
A cross-sectional, internet-based survey recruited medical students from the Gaza Strip and used the DASS21, SWLS, and PCL-5 instruments. PTSD diagnosis required having a PCL-5 score ≥ 23 and fulfilling the DSM-5 criteria. Rates of depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction were compared with a previous dataset collected in 2022. Finally, logistic regression models were fitted using R software to identify factors significantly associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD.
Results
Three hundred thirty-nine medical students participated. Most had been displaced several times, and the great majority had lost a relative, colleague, or friend. Also, a majority had lost their homes and income. 97.05% of participants suffered mild depressive symptoms or higher, while 84.37% and 90.56% reported mild anxiety and mild stress symptoms or higher, respectively. High levels of life dissatisfaction were also found, and 63.40% suffered from PTSD. Symptoms were significantly more prevalent than baseline rates. All participants with PTSD had at least one psychiatric comorbidity. Living in a shelter and having moderate stress symptoms or higher were significantly associated with depression. Being a female, losing a friend, having moderate stress symptoms or higher, and having PTSD predicted having moderate anxiety or higher. Having moderate or higher depression symptoms, moderate or higher anxiety symptoms, and PTSD predicted having moderate stress symptoms or higher. Finally, moderate or higher anxiety and stress symptoms predicted having PTSD.
Conclusion
The study detected very high rates of psychiatric disorders among its population of young adult medical students and outlined a myriad of risk factors associated with higher comorbidity. Interventions are needed to prevent a brewing mental health crisis in the Gaza Strip.
... Participants were asked to complete the 5-item Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener et al., 1985). Sample items: "In most ways my life is close to my ideal." ...
... We measured participants' life satisfaction with the 5-item Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al., 1985). Participants rated five statements (1 = Strongly disagree; 7 = Strongly agree), such as "So far I have gotten the important things I want in life" and "The conditions of my life are excellent". ...
... Participants were asked to complete the 5-item Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). .84 ...
Jordan et al. (2011) demonstrated that people underestimated the prevalence of others’ negative emotional experiences and that these were associated with higher well-being. We conducted a pre-registered replication of Studies 1b and 3 by Jordan et al. (2011) (N = 594) with adjustments and added extensions. Building on their methodology we examined both prevalence and intensity of emotional experiences, and our findings suggest a much more complex story with surprising effects. We found an underestimation of the prevalence of negative emotions, but also unexpectedly of an underestimation of the prevalence of positive emotions, with stronger effects for negative than for positive emotions. However, we found an opposite effect for emotional intensity, people overestimated the intensity of both positive and negative emotional experiences, again with stronger effects for negative. Surprisingly, associations between prevalence estimations and well-being were in the opposite direction to the target article’s. Materials, data, and code: https://osf.io/bwmtr/
... Many studies seek to confirm the impact of psychological traits like self-control and autonomy on the changes in the lives of inactive college students (Maslow, 2013). Since health has become a fundamental component of lifestyle, there has been a recent spike in interest in the subject of health research, with the belief that lifestyle can revolutionize our understanding of health and QOL in contemporary society (Diener et al., 1985). Numerous academics have discussed the relationship between self-control and happiness in adults, emphasizing that this process begins in childhood. ...
... The PMH where measured through 6 factors which are personal satisfaction (measured by 3 items), problem-solving and self-actualization (measured by 4 items), self-control (measured by 3 items), autonomy (measured by 4 items), prosocial attitude (measured by 3 items), and interpersonal relationship skills (measured by 4 items), adopted from Roldá n-Merino et al. (2019). Regarding QOL, it was measured by 5 items, which were adopted from Diener et al. (1985). As for physical fitness, it was measured by the scale adopted from Marsh et al. (1994), which focus on 4 factors (Muscular strength, Flexibility, Body Composition, and Cardiorespiratory fitness). ...
This study aims at exploring the direct impact of positive mental health through 6 factors on quality of life among students with disabilities and diabetes at Saudi universities, as well as the moderating impact of physical fitness on all direct relationships among all variables of the study. Employing a quantitative research methodology, using self-administered surveys distributed to a sample of students with disabilities and diabetes at numerous Saudi Arabian universities. 468 completed surveys were received and subjected to statistical analysis, using PLS-SEM, and the study uncovered significant positive direct relationships between all positive mental health sub factors and quality of life among students. Additionally, the study revealed that physical fitness acts as a moderator in all direct relationships These findings offer valuable insights for universities, in order to develop and implement psychological support and academic adjustments policies ensuring students have access to health and wellness programs, and engage local communities in the creation of policies that can help students with disabilities.
... No contexto terapêutico no qual o paciente não é visto como um doente e, dessa forma, a cura não é o objetivo do processo, a escala de satisfação com a vida (Satisfaction With Life Scale), desenvolvida por Revista do NUFEN | Phenomenology and Interdisciplinarity | v. 16 | e251462 | 2024 Diener et al. (1985), pode ser utilizada para proporcionar uma visão objetiva do processo psicoterapêutico. A escala é uma avaliação cognitiva da satisfação com a própria vida, fornece um juízo integrado da vida da pessoa em sua totalidade, permitindo que ela determine seus próprios critérios de inclusão no processo de julgamento e os pondere da forma como preferir (Pavot & Diener, 2008). ...
... Este instrumento é composto por cinco itens que têm como objetivo a avaliação subjetiva do pensamento do respondente sobre a satisfação com a própria vida, por meio de escala likert, sendo eles: (1) na maioria dos aspectos, minha vida é próxima ao meu ideal; (2) as condições da minha vida são excelentes; (3) estou satisfeito(a) com minha vida; (4) até hoje, tenho conseguido as coisas importantes que quero na vida; (5) se pudesse viver uma segunda vez, não mudaria quase nada. Cada item da escala tem uma pontuação que varia de 1 (discordo totalmente) a 7 (concordo totalmente) (Diener et al., 1985;Gouveia et al, 2005). ...
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between temporal experience and life satisfaction. A patient underwent 30 sessions of online psychotherapy, using the phenomenon-structural method, and answered the life satisfaction scale in sessions 1, 15 and 30. At the beginning of the sessions, her experience of time was accelerated. The present seemed like a means of sacrificing for the future, devoid of authentic meaning. Towards the end, the patient seemed to be more connected to the present and some meaning began to be attributed to the future. The scores on the life satisfaction scale were 18 (slightly dissatisfied), 24 (slightly satisfied) and 29 (satisfied), respectively. The patient’s satisfaction with life increased as her time experience changed. Thus, it can be concluded that temporal experience is related to life satisfaction and can be an important diagnostic and therapeutic resource for clinical psychology.
... Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) comprising of 5 items was used to examine satisfaction with life among participants of the present study (Diener et al, 1985). Reliability of its Urdu Version is (r=0.87). ...
... Another significant finding of the present investigation is that women encountering conflicts with in-laws reported to be less satisfied with their life as compared to women without conflicts (Table: 3). Life satisfaction refers to one's judgment towards own life/circumstances (Diener, 1985). This judgment is based on standards and criteria one sets for his or her own life. ...
Abstract The present paper addresses the adverse effects of conflicts with in-laws on the psychological well-being of married women. The study was comparative in nature. Approximately, fifty (N=50) women having conflicts with their in-laws were compared with a sample of fifty women (N = 50) without conflicts in relation to psychological well-being (anger, hostility and life satisfaction). It was assumed that women having conflicts with their in-laws would significantly report more anger and hostility but less satisfaction with their life than women without conflicts. Data was obtained from participants using Brief Interview Form, subscales of Anger and Hostility and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Statistical analysis of data, independent t-test, reveals that women having conflicts with in-laws reported more anger, hostility and less life satisfaction as compared to women without conflicts. Conflicts with in-laws have profound impact on psychological well-being of married women. Keywords: In-laws, Conflicts, Psychological Well-being, Women
... Life satisfaction is measured using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) developed by (Diener et al., 1985). The happiness with Life Scale (SWLS) was created as a way to make cognitive judgements, quite as an evaluation of specific satisfaction zones (for example, strength, liveliness). ...
... Additionally, the SWLS scores were found to correlate with various related constructs, including self-esteem, a medical symptoms checklist, neuroticism, and emotional stability. Among older adults, SWLS scores similarly correlated with independent ratings of life satisfaction, confirming the scale's effectiveness across diverse age groups (Diener et al., 1985). ...
... The SWLS is an appropriate instrument for measuring global life satisfaction judgments [56]. The SWLS is a Ąve-item scale constructed to measure a global judgment of satisfaction with life and thus is an assessment of general subjective well-being [56]. ...
... The SWLS is an appropriate instrument for measuring global life satisfaction judgments [56]. The SWLS is a Ąve-item scale constructed to measure a global judgment of satisfaction with life and thus is an assessment of general subjective well-being [56]. This study used a seven-grade Likert scale to score each item of the scale. ...
Background: Academic achievement is a complex construct that results from myriad personal, environmental and institutional factors. Where those two variables meet, each student will have their probable academic success. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of academic adjustment with emotional exhaustion among 467 Chinese college students. The current study aims to elucidate the role of emotional exhaustion as a mediator between academic adjustment and, on the other hand, academic performance, and second in terms of its impact on life satisfaction. Methods: This present study was a cross-sectional survey study that was conducted on university students of all years. The current study indicates that these questionnaires are highly reliable with low inversion. Objective: The present study utilized the structural equation model (SEM) to examine the role of emotional fatigue and academic adjustment on three principal constructs of students' university success. Results: Correlational analysis showed that academic adjustment and satisfaction with life were positively correlated (r = 0.497, p < 0.01): students who adjusted well to study found themselves more satisfied with their lives overall format than those not doing so. The academic adjustment was also significantly associated with the academic performance (r = 0.451, p < 0.05), suggesting that those who sought support from faculty were more likely to perform well in academics and vice versa. The negative relationship was found in emotional burnout and academic adjustment (r = −0.392, p < 0.01), which suggested that higher level of emotional fatigue might result in poorer adaptation to campus life as well lower satisfaction with their lives (r = −0.424, p < 0) Mediation analysis revealed that a lower level of emotional fatigue among academically successful students mediated the association between academic adjustment and low achievement. Conclusion: Identifying pathways for predicting academic adjustment in students can guide the educators and/or local educational system to identify student with high risk of academic maladjustment.
... Previous research pointed to SWB, a concept encompassing individuals' global life satisfaction, as an especially informative indicator of entrepreneurial health (Diener, 2000;Diener et al., 1985;Srivastava et al., 2001). More importantly, SWB is strongly associated with work. ...
A plethora of research has focused on the economic outcomes of Chinese entrepreneurs, but few have analyzed their life outcomes, especially health consequences. Our research aims to understand entrepreneurial health by exploring the causality between entrepreneurship and health outcomes in the Chinese context. We extracted five waves of data from a nationally representative dataset, that is, the China Family Panel Survey (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018), to explore the causal relation. To solve the potential health selection in entrepreneurship, we applied a linear fixed-effects model to extract the causal relationship. In addition, with a nested design, we explored the mechanisms in the causal process. For self-rated health, self-employed people (β = .0696, p < .01) had significantly better self-rated health than employees. And employers (β = .113, p < .01) had even higher self-rated health. Job satisfaction and social status are effective mediators in this causal relation. For life satisfaction, employers (β = .191, p < .001) had a significantly higher life satisfaction than employees, while self-employed people have similar life satisfaction as employees. Job satisfaction and social status were effective mediators in this causal relationship. For mental health, while self-employed people were not significantly different from employees in terms of mental health, employers displayed a much lower mental wellbeing level than self-employed people or employees. Job satisfaction was an effective mediator in this causal relation, not social status. Our results showed that, similar to previous findings in Western countries, entrepreneurship would benefit one’s physical health and subjective wellbeing while worsening one’s mental health. Both job satisfaction and subjective social status were valid mechanisms in the process. Entrepreneurship exerts a significant influence on one’s health outcomes. The result implied that the government should implement supporting measures to alleviate entrepreneurial stress instead of only focusing on financial stress.
... The following measurement instruments were used. Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) (Diener et al., 1985): this scale consists of 5 items that participants answered on a 7-point scale. ...
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between certain socio-demographic characteristics (gender, year of study), loneliness, personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness) and certain aspects of students' psychological functioning (depression, anxiety, stress, life satisfaction) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the study aimed to identify differences in certain aspects of mental health between male and female students and between students in lower and higher years of study. The study comprised 712 participants, including 563 female and 149 male students. The proportion of first-year students was 27.6%, the proportion of second-year students was 17.8%, the proportion of third-year students was 19.3%, the proportion of fourth-year students was 13% and the proportion of fifth-year students was 19.7%. The survey was conducted in June 2021 using an online questionnaire. The results show that female students have higher levels of anxiety and stress, while male students report higher levels of loneliness. In addition, students in lower years of study reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, stress and loneliness, while students in higher years of study reported higher levels of life satisfaction. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between neuroticism and loneliness with measures of mental health (depression, anxiety and stress), while a negative correlation was observed with life satisfaction. Extraversion and conscientiousness showed a significant negative correlation with measures of mental health and a positive correlation with life satisfaction. In addition, openness was negatively correlated with stress and agreeableness was negatively correlated with depression. As the study found significant differences in the determinants of mental health between lower and upper year students, it is important to ensure the availability of professional support for all students, especially lower year students who are still adjusting to the new living conditions. These findings suggest that strategic priorities need to be set across universities to protect and actively promote students' mental health.
... In addition to the automated data collection, we have also acquired extensive questionnaire-based data on participants' personality and behavior, comprising the following questionnaires: Big Five Inventory [17], Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale [20], Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire [21], Satisfaction With Life Scale [22], Rotter's Locus of Control Scale [23], UCLA Loneliness scale [24], Self-efficacy [25], Perceived Stress Scale [26], Major Depression Inventory [27], The Copenhagen Social Relation Questionnaire [28], and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule [29], as well as several general health-, attitudes-and behavior-related questions. ...
The weight of links in a network is often related to the similarity of the nodes. Here, we introduce a simple tunable measure for analysing the similarity of nodes across different link weights. In particular, we use the measure to analyze homophily in a group of 659 freshman students at a large university. Our analysis is based on data obtained using smartphones equipped with custom data collection software, complemented by questionnaire-based data. The network of social contacts is represented as a weighted multilayer network constructed from different channels of telecommunication as well as data on face-to-face contacts. We find that even strongly connected individuals are not more similar with respect to basic personality traits than randomly chosen pairs of individuals. In contrast, several socio-demographics variables have a significant degree of similarity. We further observe that similarity might be present in one layer of the multilayer network and simultaneously be absent in the other layers. For a variable such as gender, our measure reveals a transition from similarity between nodes connected with links of relatively low weight to dis-similarity for the nodes connected by the strongest links. We finally analyze the overlap between layers in the network for different levels of acquaintanceships.
... Vydává Úřad vlády České republiky Národní monitorovací středisko pro drogy a závislosti www.drogy-info.cz 3 životní spokojenosti škála SWLS (Satisfaction with Life Scale) (Diener et al., 1985, Kobau et al., 2010. ...
Toto číslo Zaostřeno shrnuje základní výsledky Národního výzkumu
užívání návykových látek 2023, který se zaměřil na aktuální situaci
v kouření cigaret, užívání alternativních tabákových a nikotinových
výrobků, konzumaci alkoholu, užívání a nadužívání psychoaktivních léků
a užívání nelegálních drog v obecné populaci starší 15 let. Studie dále
mapovala hraní hazardních a digitálních her, trávení času na internetu
a na sociálních sítích, duševní zdraví a životní spokojenost populace.
Použité screeningové škály poskytují aktuální odhady výskytu
problémového užívání návykových látek, problémového hraní
hazardních her, nadužívání internetu a výskyt problémů v oblasti
duševního zdraví v populaci.
... Kepuasan hidup adalah penilaian kognitif atas perbandingan keadaan hidup individu dengan standar kehidupan yang diinginkannya. (Diener et al., 1985). Kepuasan hidup Diener (dalam van Beuningen, 2012) memiliki indikator sebagai berikut: (a) penilaian kehidupan individu secara umum, apakah sudah baik/ideal, (b) individu yakin memperoleh kehidupan yang baik, (c) individu merasa puas dengan kehidupannnya, (d) merasa puas atas capaian penting dalam hidupnya, serta (e) hasrat tidak ingin mengubah apapun dalam kehidupannya. ...
The problem of internet addiction is very important to be explored further with scientific studies. Considering more frequency the use of internet in the pandemic covid-19 era, especially for college students. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between internet addiction, life satisfaction, and depression in college students. Homogenous sampling was used to obtain the same criterion for 467 participants. The research design used is correlational research to determine the effect of one variable on other variables. Demographic analysis shows that students use the internet more in their daily lives to play games and access social media, compare to accessing study material and browsing information. Inferential analysis with regression found that there was no effect of internet addiction on life satisfaction and depression in college students. The finding of this study support previous studies, where online games and access to social media are the student’s favorite choices when accessing the internet, and this study which states that there is no correlation between the three variables are tested.
... The Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985;Di Fabio and Gori, 2020) assessed the hedonic component of well-being, i.e. general life satisfaction through eight items on a Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Sample item: "I am satisfied with my life". ...
Purpose
In today’s high-demand work environments, characterised by an expectation for individuals to possess resources to manage workloads effectively, workaholism poses a significant threat to employee well-being. This study aims to investigate the impact of work overload and psychological flexibility on compulsive work behaviours and well-being.
Design/methodology/approach
This study applies the Job Demands-Resources model and uses structural equation modelling to analyse data collected from 305 adult workers aged 19–65. Psychological flexibility and work overload are examined as antecedents of compulsive work behaviour, with flourishing and life satisfaction as outcomes.
Findings
The results indicate that compulsive work behaviour mediates the relationship between work overload and psychological flexibility on well-being outcomes. Psychological flexibility was found to be a crucial resource in reducing workaholic tendencies, leading to improved flourishing and life satisfaction.
Research limitations/implications
The implications for human resources include practical strategies and targeted interventions to help individuals navigate organisational demands, prevent compulsive work behaviours and improve overall well-being.
Originality/value
This study offers new insights into the role of psychological flexibility as a personal resource in reducing compulsive work tendencies and enhancing both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in high-demand work environments.
... A pretested self-administered semi-structured questionnaire having questions under various headings along with a Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) [13] was used for the study. The initial part of the questionnaire had questions seeking information about various socio-demographic factors and certain other factors which might affect the perceived satisfaction of study participants with life. ...
Objectives: With rising work pressure, balancing personal life is not easy for any professional. Aspirations at the time of admission into professional college do not last for long, as we observe doctors who are less satisfied than enthusiastic firstyear students at dental college. The present study aimed to determine subjective well-being and comparison of satisfaction with life among first professional dental students and doctors of a teaching hospital in the National Capital Region, India.
Methods: The current study was conducted for one month among 100 1st year dental students and 100 junior doctors, including the faculty of a teaching hospital in the National Capital Region, India. Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was used to assess the level of satisfaction in their lives. Associated factors which might affect this satisfaction were also enquired for.
Results: The mean age of first professional dental students and doctors was 19.3 ± 1.6 and 27.52 ± 2.54 years, respectively. 76 (76%) 1st professional students and 68
68%) doctors were found to be satisfied with their lives when assessed over SWLS. Odds of being satisfied were significantly more in the age group of 20–25 years. Those students and doctors who had opted for dental, taking it as a reputed profession or as their ambition, were found to be more satisfied with their lives. Students who were satisfied with the hostel accommodation were significantly more satisfied with their lives. Among doctors, those who were either married or were in a relationship and who were satisfied with their income were more satisfied.
Conclusions: A significant proportion of doctors and 1st professional dental students were satisfied with their lives. More students were satisfied with their lives than doctors. Factors like satisfaction with income and reason for joining the dental profession were found to have significant associations.
Keywords: satisfaction with life; doctors; students; medical; India
... The scale developed by Diener et al. (1985) and adapted into Turkish by Dağlı and Baysal (2016) was used in this Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar-Current Approaches in Psychiatry 296 study to measure general life satisfaction. The scale has a five-point Likert structure consisting of a single factor and five items. ...
Objective: This study aimed to adapt the Stress Mindset Measure to Turkish culture by conducting validity and reliability analyses. Method: Convenience sampling method was used in this study, which was conducted with the survey model. With 354 adult participants, Stress Mindset Measure, Life Satisfaction Scale and Perceived Stress Scale were used as data collection tools. Cronbach's alpha and two-half reliability coefficient were used for the reliability of the Stress Mindset Measur. The results of the analyses showed that the internal consistency coefficient was .85 and the split-half reliability coefficient was .76. Furthermore, the difference between the 27% lower and upper groups among the participants was statistically significant. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to test the construct validity of the Stress Mindset Measure. Results: The model fit values were at an acceptable level. Item factor loadings ranged between .49 and .78 and the scale was found to have a single-factor structure. Besides, the results of the analyses conducted to ensure convergent validity were found to be at the desired level. The concepts of perceived stress and life satisfaction were used to test criterion validity. Conclusion: Turkish adaptation of the Stress Mindset Measures a valid and reliable measurement tool.
... Maslach and Jackson (1981). Five items taken from Netemeyer et al. (1996) were used to measure work-family conict, while the ve items of subjective well-being were adopted from Diener et al. (1985). ...
Drawing upon the theory of displacement, the job-demands resources (JD-R) theory, and the conservation of resources (COR) theory, the current study seeks to develop an integrated model investigating the factors determining subjective well-being among hotel employees, considering the mediating impact of work-family conict as well as the moderating role of psychological resilience. This paper applied a quantitative method relying on a self-administered questionnaire to gather primary data from the sta of 5-star hotels in North Cyprus. Performing PLS-SEM, the empirical ndings indicated that job insecurity signicantly impacts both work-family conict and employees' subjective well-being. Work-family conict has a positive impact on emotional exhaustion, which in turn negatively inuen-ces subjective well-being. Work-family conict also signicantly mediates the link between employees' job insecurity and their emotional exhaustion. Psychological resilience signicantly moderates the link between job insecurity and subjective well-being. This study provides various theoretical and practical implications for scholars and administrators.
... Cheung & Lucas (2014) validated the use of a single-item life satisfaction, highlighting a performance comparable to the multiple-item Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS developed by Diener et al., 1985). Given that the three subjective well-being variables are ordered, the models to be adopted are ordered models such as ordered Logit or ordered Probit. ...
Increased connectivity between employees and their organization complicates managing information flows and constant availability via e-mail. We classify employees’ e-mail experiences using e-mail into groups of e-mail overload based on a boundary perspective and assess its impact, and coping mechanisms, from a coping perspective, on subjective well-being. Survey results (N=1,372) show: 1. e-mail overload during worktime increases job stress and reduces job and life satisfaction. 2. e-mail overload during work and leisure increases job stress and reduces life satisfaction. 3. no e-mail overload decreases job stress and improves job and life satisfaction. We formulate implications for research and practice.
... Satisfaction With Life. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al., 1985) was used to assess participant global satisfaction with life. It is a 5-item scale designed to measure global cognitive judgments of one's life satisfaction. ...
Existing scales mainly focus on danger-based threats of death and bodily harm to assess exposure to traumatic events in war zone. However, major provocations and transgression of deeply held values and moral beliefs, as well as witnessing the suffering of others can be as traumatic as fear-inducing danger-based events. This raises the need for scales that assess both danger and nondanger-based events among soldiers operating in modern war zones. Norwegian military personnel deployed to Afghanistan between late 2001 and end of 2020 were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey with a final sample size of 6,205 (males: n = 5,693; 91.7%; mean age = 41.93 years). We applied data reduction techniques (e.g., exploratory factor analysis, EFA, and exploratory graph analysis, EGA, through a community detection algorithm) to develop a 12-item, three-factor model (personal threat, traumatic witnessing, and moral injury) of the Warzone Stressor Exposure Index (WarZEI). Confirmatory factor analysis showed support for the factor model, with evidence of concurrent, discriminant, and incremental validity. These results indicate the WarZEI is a reliable and valid measure for assessing exposure to warzone stressors that allows for heterogeneity and the multidimensional nature of exposure to warzone stressors.
... We will examine correlations between surrogates of each component of the intervention (exercise adherence, pelvic muscle self-efficacy, home improvements) and our outcomes of falls and urinary incontinence. Furthermore, we will examine whether the intervention effects on falls and urinary incontinence are mediated through changes in key secondary outcomes (e.g., lower extremity strength, balance, flexibility, mobility, falls self-efficacy, physical function, cognitive function, physical activity) by conducting regression-based mediation analysis using Baron and Kenny's approach [49]. Photographs collected by the OT will be assessed for similar elements (e.g., safety, efficiency, adaptability, etc.), coded, and analyzed using MaxQDA qualitative software. ...
Background
Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), a risk factor for falls, affects 40% of women over the age of 70 years. Multicomponent interventions have the potential to decrease the risk of falls and urinary symptoms in women. We previously designed and conducted a pilot study of a multicomponent, theory-driven intervention in women with UUI. The Mobility and Voiding Exercises in Older Women with Urinary Incontinence (MoVEonUp) Trial will assess the efficacy of this intervention to decrease falls and urinary incontinence in community-dwelling older women.
Methods
In the MoVEonUp Trial, 314 women ages ≥ 70 years with UUI will be randomized to the intervention group or an attention control group. Women randomized to the intervention will participate in a home-based multicomponent program consisting of strength and balance training, bladder training with urge suppression strategies, and a home hazard assessment by an occupational therapist. Women in the control group will receive an educational booklet on falls prevention and behavioral treatment for urinary incontinence. Outcomes of falls, urinary incontinence, physical function, functional limitations, and mobility will be measured at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.
Discussion
This study will determine if a home-based multicomponent program reduces the risk of falls and improves incontinence among older women with UUI. If the intervention is efficacious, it will help address the critical need to reduce falls in this population via an intervention that can be implemented in the home setting.
Clinical trial registration
NCT05375344
... A single-item measure -How satisfied are you with your life?-is widely used to assess an individual's overall life satisfaction or subjective well-being (Diener et al., 1985;Pavot & Diener, 1993). ...
Emotion Recognition Accuracy (ERA) is vital for social functioning and social relationships, yet empirical support for a positive link with well-being has been sparse. In three studies, we show that the Assessment of Contextualized Emotions (ACE) which distinguishes between accurately perceiving intended emotions and bias due to perceiving additional, secondary emotions, consistently predicted personal and social well-being. Across thirteen world cultures, accuracy was associated with higher well-being and life satisfaction, and bias linked to loneliness. A social interaction study in Czech Republic found accuracy (bias) was positively (negatively) associated with social well-being. The effects of accuracy and bias on well-being were partially mediated by social interaction quality in a third study. These findings further our understanding of ERA's social functions.
... A single-item measure -How satisfied are you with your life?-is widely used to assess an individual's overall life satisfaction or subjective well-being (Diener et al., 1985;Pavot & Diener, 1993). ...
Emotion Recognition Accuracy (ERA) is vital for social functioning and social relationships, yet empirical support for a positive link with well-being has been sparse. In three studies, we show that the Assessment of Contextualized Emotions (ACE) which distinguishes between accurately perceiving intended emotions and bias due to perceiving additional, secondary emotions, consistently predicted personal and social well-being. Across thirteen world cultures, accuracy was associated with higher well-being and life satisfaction, and bias linked to loneliness. A social interaction study in Czech Republic found accuracy (bias) was positively (negatively) associated with social well-being. The effects of accuracy and bias on well-being were partially mediated by social interaction quality in a third study. These findings further our understanding of ERA's social functions.
... Escala de satisfacción con la vida (Diener, Emmons, Larsen y Griffin, 1985). Utilizada para medir el índice general de satisfacción con la vida, y se compone por 5 ítems agrupados en una dimensión (p.ej., "Mi vida es en la mayoría de los aspectos como me gustaría que fuera"). ...
El estudio analiza la relación entre la violencia escolar y variables individuales, familiares y escolares en adolescentes de Puerto Vallarta. La muestra incluyó a 1,687 adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años. Los resultados revelan que los adolescentes con baja violencia escolar presentan mayores niveles de satisfacción con la vida, autoconcepto, funcionalidad familiar y apoyo escolar. En contraste, los adolescentes con alta violencia escolar muestran un mayor malestar psicológico. Las variables predictoras de la violencia escolar incluyen malestar psicológico, autoconcepto familiar y académico, afiliación escolar y apoyo del profesor. El estudio sugiere la necesidad de programas de intervención que consideren múltiples factores individuales, familiares y escolares para reducir la violencia escolar.
... Mūsdienās apmierinātība ar dzīvi tiek uzskatīta par vienojošu elementu citiem kontekstuāli līdzīgiem jēdzieniem: dzīves kvalitāte, laime un labjutība, kuru nozīmes savstarpēji pārklājas. Plašākā izpratnē apmierinātība ar dzīvi ir subjektīvās pašsajūtas rādītājs, kas ļauj novērtēt cilvēka dzīves kvalitāti attiecībā pret izvirzīto kritēriju (Diener et al. 1985). Pētījumos, lai izmērītu apmierinātību ar dzīvi, lielākoties tiek izmantotas divas pieejas. ...
Floating Water-nut Trapa natans in the territory of Latvia grows in the area of its northern
distribution and is a protected plant. At the beginning of the 40s of 20th century were known 10 deposits
of Water-nut fossil fruit, now their number with fossil fruit and pollen deposits has grown to 27. Fossils
Trapa natans have been found not only in the Holocene but also in the Pleistocene interglacial sediments.
Map of the current distribution of floating Water-nut and sites of fossil finds in Latvia has been prepared.
Palaeobotanical studies of lake sediments allow to conclude that floating Water-nut has grown in many
lakes since the second part of the Holocene climatic optimum. In the Pokrata Lake and Priekulanu Lake
the floating Water-nut still grows and the number of pollen and fossil fruit finds is variable, but nowadays number of them is similar to what it was shortly after its introduction into the lake. Research on Pokrata
Lake indicates that a significant reduction or even disappearance of floating Water-nut pollen has
occurred several times, but the latter may be attributed to the "Little Ice Age" during the Middle Ages. In
different years observations of the existing sites have been repeated, which allows to conclude that the
population of Trapa natans in Pokrata and Priekulanu lakes is not on the verge of extinction, but on the
contrary - it is improving.
... (SWLS), a five-items measure developed by Diener et al. (1985) to assess satisfaction with the respondent's life as a whole. Subjective well-being is defined as cognitive and affective evaluations of one's life (Diener, 1984). ...
This mixed-methods study examined couples' relationship quality, satisfaction and well-being by comparing semi-traditional, equal-sharing and role-reversed couples. Quantitative analysis involved 2813 parents (1380 men, 1433 women) with at least one child aged 11 or under who were primary caregivers, primary breadwinners or equal-sharers. Qualitative analysis drew on 60 in-depth interviews with 10 couples from each of the groups. Semi-traditional couples reported lower relationship quality and positive affect compared to other arrangements. Equal-sharers and role-reversed couples were more likely to discuss their frustrations and make conscious attempts to resolve them. Women in semi-traditional arrangements had lower levels of relationship quality and life satisfaction than women in equal-sharing and role-reversed arrangements. They were also more likely to report disagreements and frustrations. Caregiving parents also expressed lower levels of self-esteem compared to parents in breadwinning and equal-sharing roles. Our findings highlight how different breadwinning and caring responsibilities can impact parents' well-being and relationship.
... Researchers take existing measures from the archive or toolkit of WEIRD psychology and apply them across diverse settings-often, the more settings the better-to explore the extent and sources of variation in responses to these standardised measures. Applied to the topic of happiness, researchers using this approach might administer measures like the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985) or Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff, 1989) to compare responses of Africa-based participants with samples from other countries. Although this approach has the benefit of including (versus omitting) African respondents, the imposition of WEIRD constructs and measures already constrains and potentially distorts local constructions and experiences in ways that can be regarded as a form of scientific imperialism. ...
The study of happiness and related topics like well-being is a rapidly expanding area of scientific research. The dominant theories for these constructs emerged from research in Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) settings. This chapter questions this tradition by thinking about happiness and well-being from here: the West African country of Ghana. Rather than impose hegemonic foreign measures on individuals in Ghana, we develop our methods to elaborate a body of knowledge and practice about happiness that is distinctive to Ghanian settings. This approach seeks to reveal and advance local conceptions and experiences of happiness, not merely as a definition or peculiar feature of African psychology, but on the implications for psychology and the study of well-being.
... Así para la otra variable se utilizó la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida, creada por (29), es un instrumento de cinco ítems que mide el bienestar subjetivo desde una perspectiva cognitiva. Como se menciona en la investigación realizada por (25) dentro de la misma población, cada afirmación se evalúen en una escala Likert de cinco puntos, que van desde "Totalmente en desacuerdo" hasta "Totalmente de acuerdo". ...
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre las Funciones Ejecutivas y la Satisfacción con la Vida en personas con discapacidad. Se trabajó con una muestra de 40 participantes de entre 20 y 64 años, pertenecientes a un centro diurno de discapacidades en Tungurahua. La investigación presentó un enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance descriptivo y se usó el tipo de diseño no experimental. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó dos instrumentos el INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS). Los resultados revelaron que no existe una relación significativa entre las Funciones Ejecutivas y la Satisfacción con la Vida. Sin embargo, los puntajes bajos en Funciones Ejecutivas sugirieron que una gran parte de los participantes podría tener características de deterioro cognitivo, por otro lado, en cuanto a la segunda variable la mayoría de la población reportaron niveles altos, es decir que se presentaban muy satisfechos con su vida. Finalmente, se realizó una comparación de género para saber quién se encontró más satisfecho con su vida, pero los resultados no revelaron diferencias significativas.
... Life satisfaction. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985) was taken from the last wave in 2019 (α = .88; M = 4.45, SD = 1.35). ...
While loneliness for short periods of time is normal, prolonged loneliness has severe health risks. This study aims to discover what loneliness trajectories can be found in a cohort of adolescents, how belongingness to different groups may be associated with these trajectories, and the mental, physical, and academic consequences of these trajectories. Adolescents (N = 2,765) born in the year 2000 and attending Helsinki schools participated in annual surveys from 2013 to 2019. We conducted latent profile analyses and equality of means tests to find the number of trajectories and their associations with potential preventive and consequential factors. Our analyses resulted in six profiles: “Stable high” (4.8%), “Low becomes volatile (8.1%), “Moderates with a 7th-grade peak” (9.3%), “Winding down” (11.9%), “Winding up” (15.5%), and “Stable low” (50.5%). In general, trajectories that started with high loneliness reported lower belongingness to groups (i.e., friends, school, hobby, home, and society) than trajectories that started with low loneliness. Adolescents following the “Stable high” loneliness trajectory reported the worst mental well-being and school burnout outcomes, but there were no associations with drug use. Belongingness to friends, school, hobbies, home, and national and international society may be more protective against loneliness than belongingness to religious communities in some areas. It would behoove adolescent health experts to investigate how groups can prevent prolonged loneliness and its consequences.
... Life satisfaction is defined as 'a global assessment of a person's quality of life according to his chosen criteria' (Shin and Johnson 1978). The Satisfaction with Life Scale is a self-report with five items on a 7-point Likert rating (Diener et al. 1985). During the adaptation of scale into Turkish, the options in the 7-point Likert were perceived as 'close to each other', and to have an easily understandable scale, scholars decreased the number of options to a 5-point Likert (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) (α = 0.88) (Dağlı and Baysal 2016). ...
Turkey experienced two devastating earthquakes, which resulted in more than 50,000 deaths and millions of injured and homeless individuals. The negative influence of direct exposure to trauma has been proven, but the impact of indirect exposure remains unclear. In this study, we focused on indirect types of trauma exposure: the loss of someone in the earthquake and the exposure to disaster media. We aimed to explore the influence of these dimensions on psychological states, including earthquake trauma severity, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, anxiety, hopelessness and life satisfaction and temporal-psychological measures, such as intertemporal decision-making tendencies and time perspectives. The sample (N = 215) consisted of Turkish individuals who experienced the earthquakes through two types of indirect exposure: having lost someone and being exposed to disaster media. Findings showed that having a loss in the earthquake was related to high levels of trauma, anxiety, hopelessness and a past-negative time perspective. Repetitive exposure to disaster media was linked to higher levels of trauma, PTSD symptoms, depression, anxiety, stress and a past-negative time perspective. Importantly, the amount of traumatization in case of losing someone was modulated by the frequency of disaster-media exposure. Even indirect exposure to the disaster substantially disturbs many processes, and the media magnifies such disturbances.
... We administered the Spanish version (Cabañero-Martínez et al., 2004) of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al., 1985). This measure comprises 5 items (e.g., "If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing") with a Likert-type response scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). ...
Climate change anxiety encompasses a constellation of disturbing psychological responses associated with climate change concern. However, the psychometric evaluation of the Climate Change Anxiety Scale (CCAS; Clayton and Karazsia, 2020), one of the most relevant measures of this phenomenon, has yielded inconsistent results.
This research aims to elucidate these discrepancies while concurrently seeking to validate a Spanish adaptation of the CCAS (CCAS-SP) using a Spanish population sample (N = 460). Three different latent representations of the CCAS-SP were modeled, describing climate change anxiety as uni-, bi-, or tri-dimensional. Model fit analyses supported the conceptualization of climate change anxiety as comprising two related yet distinct components: cognitive and functional impairments. Moreover, these types of impairments, after controlling for common variance, could be well differentiated in their linkages with pro-environmental orientation, subjective well-being, and psychological distress. Notably, alternative, less parsimonious structures did not seem to provide a more accurate representation of the correlates of climate change anxiety. These findings suggest that the CCAS-SP can be considered a promising instrument for assessing this construct in Spanish samples.
... The Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985) was used to measure cognitive well-being. It has five items that measure how satisfied participants are with their lives (e.g., "In most ways my life is close to ideal"). ...
Recent evidence has suggested that valuing happiness to an extreme degree has a potential downside in Western but not in East Asian countries. We tested how valuing happiness relates to well-being in mainland China (N = 721) and Western countries (UK, US, and Canada) (N = 349) in two online survey studies. We predicted that pursuing happiness in a socially engaged yet flexible (i.e., feasible and achievable) way underlies a positive association between valuing happiness and well-being. Indeed, in study 1, a socially engaged definition of happiness mediated the relationship between valuing happiness and well-being in a Chinese sample. Specifically, increased valuing happiness was associated with a higher socially engaged definition of happiness, which in turn was related to higher well-being. Demonstrating the role of flexibility in pursuing happiness, Chinese participants reported more items overall and more feasible items to achieve happiness, though not more social items than participants in the Western sample). In study 2, we repeated the study during the Covid-19 lockdown in Chinese (N = 308) and Western (N = 185) samples and also tested if participants were able to adopt a mindset of flexibly pursuing happiness by adding a survey with social actions that were still feasible (e.g., a call instead of meeting in-person). We found the association holds in times of emotional stress and social restrictions in both samples, suggesting that people flexibly pursue social activities that relate to happiness. We propose that a socially engaged but also feasible and flexible way to pursue happiness is associated with higher well-being.
... A number of additional measures were included in the questionnaire as part of another study, and are not included in this research. These scales were: EPL career aspiration scale (Chan et al., 2012); a job satisfaction scale (Cammann, Jenkins, & Klesh, 1983); a life satisfaction scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985); a turnover intention scale (Kelloway, Gottlieb, & Barham, 1999). ...
This study examines person-environment fit and its relationship to job satisfaction and engagement, focusing on the less-explored concept of career-fit. Using a cross-sectional, correlational design (N=232), participants from diverse occupational backgrounds completed a questionnaire measuring person-job fit via the Perceived Fit Scale (PFS) and career-fit using the Entrepreneurship, Professional, Leadership (EPL) framework. Engagement was assessed as the primary outcome.
Bireylerin yaşadığı finansal stres iş ve aile hayatı arasındaki dengeyi değiştirerek yaşam doyumu üzerinde etkide bulunabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı finansal stres, yaşam doyumu ve iş-aile çatışması arasındaki ikili ilişkileri incelemek ve finansal stresin yaşam doyumu üzerine etkisinde iş-aile çatışmasının aracılık rolünün olmadığını tespit etmektir. Bu kapsamda Erzincan ilinde görevli 214 banka çalışanından anket yöntemiyle verilere ulaşılmıştır. Bu veriler SPSS 27, AMOS 24 ve SPSS PROCESS MACRO programlarından faydalanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, finansal stres düzeyinin yaşam doyumunu negatif ve iş-aile çatışmasını pozitif etkilediği, iş-aile çatışması ile yaşam doyumu arasında ise negatif ilişki bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, finansal stres düzeyinin yaşam doyumu üzerine etkisinde iş-aile çatışmasının aracılık rolünün bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak finansal stresin iş-aile çatışmasını artırarak yaşam doyumunu düşürdüğü gösterilmiştir. İş yerinde yaşanan stres yönetimi, iş-aile dengesine ve çalışanların refahına yansıyabilmektedir. Yöneticilere, çalışanların finansal stresini en alt düzeye indirecek ve iş-aile çatışmasını azaltacak yaklaşımlar benimsemeleri önerilmektedir
The social clock, a normative timetable for major life events shaped by social culture, is crucial in guiding individuals’ life trajectories. Normatively, society expects individuals to adhere to this timetable, particularly in cultures like China that emphasize collectivism. Despite the significant influence of social norms, research on the negative psychological effects of deviating from the social clock remains limited. Hence, this study aims to explore the relationship between deviations from the social clock of marriage age and the risk of post-marital depressive symptoms. Using national cross-sectional data from 800 married adults with children (600 females, 200 males), we established two references for the social clock: the standardized social clock and the self-perceived social clock. Binary logistic regressions were conducted, revealing that deviations from the standardized social clock, representing the prevalent and typical ideal marriage age in society, did not exhibit any significant association with individual depression. However, individuals who married earlier than their self-perceived social clock, reflecting the prevailing marriage age among their peers, showed a higher likelihood of experiencing depressive symptoms (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.04–2.45).
Over the past century, personality theory and research has successfully identified core sets of characteristics that consistently describe and explain fundamental differences in the way people think, feel and behave. Such characteristics were derived through theory, dictionary analyses, and survey research using explicit self-reports. The availability of social media data spanning millions of users now makes it possible to automatically derive characteristics from language use -- at large scale. Taking advantage of linguistic information available through Facebook, we study the process of inferring a new set of potential human traits based on unprompted language use. We subject these new traits to a comprehensive set of evaluations and compare them with a popular five factor model of personality. We find that our language-based trait construct is often more generalizable in that it often predicts non-questionnaire-based outcomes better than questionnaire-based traits (e.g. entities someone likes, income and intelligence quotient), while the factors remain nearly as stable as traditional factors. Our approach suggests a value in new constructs of personality derived from everyday human language use.
O enriquecimento trabalho‑família diz respeito aos modos pelos quais as experiências provenientes de um domínio (trabalho ou família) interferem positiva mente no outro. O objetivo da pesquisa é adaptar e buscar evidências de validade da Escala de Enriquecimento Trabalho‑Família no contexto brasileiro. Participaram do estudo 416 trabalhadores de ambos os sexos, com idades variando de 20 a 66 anos, que responderam à versão inicial da escala, contendo 18 itens. As análises fatoriais confirmatórias evidenciaram que a versão final da escala compôs‑se de dez itens, distribuídos igualmente em dois fatores, com índices adequados de consistência interna. O enriquecimento apresentou correlações fortes e positivas com a satisfação com a vida e com o trabalho, e moderadas e negativas com o conflito trabalho‑família. Concluiu‑se que a escala é um instrumento com evidências de validade adequadas, o que possibilita seu uso em situações futuras de pesquisa da interface trabalho‑família.
Introduction
Accurate measurement is foundational to psychological assessments, influencing research validity, clinical practice, and societal applications. While extensively utilized, traditional scoring methods suffer from limitations in granularity, sensitivity, and adaptability, potentially impacting the precision and utility of these assessments. This study aims to explore the efficacy of fuzzy logic as an alternative scoring method for the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), addressing these limitations.
Methods
A cross-sectional design involving 1,230 Greek adults was employed to compare traditional scoring methods with fuzzy logic. Data were collected online and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, paired t-tests, regression analysis, and sensitivity analysis to evaluate the robustness and reliability of fuzzy logic scoring.
Results
Results indicated that fuzzy logic scoring provides enhanced granularity and sensitivity, effectively capturing subtle variations in life satisfaction and mitigating ceiling and floor effects. The strong positive correlation (r = .9505) between traditional and fuzzy logic scores suggests high consistency. Significant mean differences highlighted the increased sensitivity of fuzzy logic scoring. The Bland-Altman plot confirmed good agreement between the methods, and sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of fuzzy logic scoring across different parameter settings.
Conclusion
In conclusion, fuzzy logic offers a reliable and nuanced alternative to traditional scoring methods, significantly improving the accuracy and applicability of psychological assessments. Integrating fuzzy logic with advanced technologies could further enhance the precision and inclusivity of psychological evaluations, making it a promising tool for future psychological measurement.
Despite the vast number of studies on academic performance, few propose predictive models that incorporate multiple variables. This study aimed to design and evaluate the Cognitive-Emotional Model of Academic Performance, which includes the variables: metacognition, learning approaches, well-being, self-concept, self-efficacy, self-esteem, value, and fluid intelligence. The main outcome variable was academic performance, assessed using items from the Brazilian National High School Exam. A total of 805 students completed the instruments. The proposed model was analyzed through path analysis and demonstrated a good fit to the data, predicting 85.3% of academic performance. Only metacognition directly explained the variance in academic performance. Relationships between predictor variables were established. Implications for school practice and educational public policies are discussed.
The rapid development of urbanization is distancing people from the natural environment, especially in urban areas, including Daerah Khusus Jakarta (DKJ) or Jakarta. Jakarta has been experiencing a significant decrease in green space from year to year, making it more difficult for people to access a green environment. Therefore, this study aims to see how the role of access to natural is moderating the relationship between natural relatedness and wellbeing in urban society, especially in the Jakarta region. The research participants involved 152 people aged over 18 years old with more than 1 year stay in the Jakarta area. The quantitative research was structured and hypothesis testing was carried out using the partial least squared structural equation modeling (LPS-SEM) method. The results showed that nature relatedness was significantly correlated with wellbeing (β = 0.354, t = 3.221, p < 0.05) and access to the nature was significantly correlated with wellbeing (p < 0.05). However, there was no moderating role of access to nature on the relationship between nature relatedness and wellbeing (β= 0.027, t= 0.373, p = 0.709). The differences between the results of this study and previous studies are discussed and the characteristics of the participants involved are considered.
The exponential growth in social media use globally has drawn researchers into exploring its influence on various age cohorts. While existing studies primarily target specific demographic segments, such as adolescents or young adults, they often lack diversity across age, gender, socioeconomic status, and cultural backgrounds. To address this gap, the present study examines if social media use impacts self-esteem and self-satisfaction among adults (26 to 44 yrs). Primary data is gathered through an online survey, incorporating Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, Social Media Addiction Questionnaire (SMAQ) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Findings indicate that most respondents between 26 to 44 years have moderate addiction to 2 social media. Gender is significantly related to social media use as females have been found to be more engaged on social media than males. There is a general level of satisfaction among respondents. Economic condition is found to be a factor for self-satisfaction. A scatter positive correlation has been found between self-esteem and self-satisfaction.
Family and work are essential components of modern life in both advanced and developing societies. Devoting excessive time to one of these domains’ conflicts with the other; they are interdependent and crucial to existence. Based on spillover and role theory, this study examines the impact of family–work and work–family conflict on job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and mental and physical health. Moreover, the research examines whether or not resilience moderates this association. In a cross-sectional design, a sample of 242 married female high school teachers administered a questionnaire. The study used the most recent PLS-SEM (partial least square structural equation modeling) software for data analysis. According to the findings, family–work conflict has a negative and statistically significant impact on job and life satisfaction. Work–family conflict, on the other hand, has a significant positive effect on life satisfaction. The results also revealed that both family–work and work–family conflicts have insignificant effects on mental and physical health. Moreover, the research showed that resilience plays a moderating role in the association between family–work conflict and both job and life satisfaction. This study contributed an additional understanding of the impacts of work and family conflict and aids policymakers and the Ministry of Education in developing efficient family-friendly policies.
Life events have been theorized to elicit personality trait changes. However, the empirical evidence for event-related personality development remains inconclusive. Even comprehensive reviews and meta-analyses are limited by the availability of effect sizes, the control for relevant confounders, and the examination of the temporal unfolding of effects. To overcome these limitations, we conducted a coordinated data analysis and examined event-related personality changes across seven large-scale panel studies (Ntotal = 196,256). Furthermore, we investigated corresponding event-related changes in life satisfaction and self-esteem as benchmarks for the interpretation of effect sizes. Integrating the results across panel studies, we found several consistent changes in the Big Five personality traits in response to life events. For example, new employment predicted increases in conscientiousness and emotional stability, whereas marriage predicted a decrease in openness. However, event-related changes in the Big Five personality traits were small (average bstd = 0.08), with effect sizes being similar to those of event-related changes in self-esteem but smaller than corresponding changes in life satisfaction. Building on these findings, future research should focus on the life events with replicable effects on personality development and examine how these life events lead to personality changes by examining associated changes in daily life.
Meditation is a mental training approach that can improve mental health and well-being in aging. Yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The Medit-Ageing model stipulates that three mechanisms — attentional, constructive, and deconstructive — upregulate positive psycho-affective factors and downregulate negative ones. To test this hypothesis, we measured brain structural MRI and perfusion, negative and positive psycho-affective composite scores, and meditation mechanisms in 27 older expert meditators and 135 meditation-naive older controls. We identified brain and psycho-affective differences and performed mediation analyses to assess whether and which meditation mechanisms mediate their links.
Meditators showed significantly higher volume in fronto-parietal areas and perfusion in temporo-occipito-parietal areas. They also had higher positive and lower negative psycho-affective scores. Attentional and constructive mechanisms both mediated the links between brain differences and the positive psycho-affective score whereas the deconstructive mechanism mediated the links between brain differences and the negative psycho-affective score.
Our results corroborate the Medit-Ageing model, indicating that, in aging, meditation leads to brain changes that decrease negative psycho-affective factors and increase positive ones through relatively specific mechanisms. Shedding light on the neurobiological and psycho-affective mechanisms of meditation in aging, these findings provide insights to refine future interventions.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-79687-3.
Importance: Exposure to trauma and extensive changes in daily life circumstances and occupations as a result of an ongoing armed conflict can significantly affect mental health.
Objective: To examine factors related to the mental health status of Israeli students during the Swords of Iron war.
Design: A cross-sectional study.
Setting: Online survey.
Participants: Students in higher education institutions across Israel (N = 863).
Outcomes and Measures: Self-report validated questionnaires were used to assess students’ mental health status, resilience, satisfaction with life, executive functions, environmental factors, and occupations.
Results: Moderate levels of depression (Mdn = 18, interquartile range [IQR] = 10–28), anxiety (Mdn = 10, IQR = 4–20), and stress (Mdn = 24, IQR = 14–34) were found for 50% of participants, along with extensive changes in daily life occupations, occupational balance, and meaning. Using structured equation modeling, χ2(15) = 15.969, p = .384, the authors found that satisfaction with life, psychological resilience, religious status, executive functions, occupational balance, and variability in occupational change were directly associated with mental health status, whereas occupational balance and occupational change mediated these connections.
Conclusions and Relevance: The modifiable factors related to reduced mental health after exposure to traumatic threat included change in occupational patterns, occupational balance, and sense of belonging, which may all serve as goals for occupation-based interventions and contribute to better coping mechanisms with traumatic events. This study used a cross-sectional design and an online survey with self-reported data, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
Plain-Language Summary: Higher education students in Israel were exposed to traumatic events and changes in daily life because of war. This study aimed to understand their mental health, resilience, executive functions, environments, and changes in their occupational patterns and the complex interplay between these factors. An online survey showed a notable decline in the students’ mental health status, with around 50% experiencing at least moderate levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Changes in occupations, occupational meaning, and balance were also common. The study found that satisfaction with life, mental resilience, occupational balance, religious status, executive functions, and variability in occupational change all contributed directly to the students’ mental health status. The findings suggest that modifiable factors such as occupational balance and belongingness could be addressed through interventions to enhance mental health and coping mechanisms of students facing trauma and stressful life events.
抗逆力指个体在面对逆境、创伤或其他不幸经历时的适应和承受能力。单亲母亲的抗逆力水平不仅关系着她们是否可以有效应对独自育儿的挑战,更关系着能否为孩子提供关键且必要的有利环境。然而,现有研究对单亲母亲的抗逆力关注较少。抗逆力沟通理论认为,抗逆力是通过沟通行为构建的过程,强调对个体产生影响的家庭、社会和文化系统的复杂性。本研究将该理论应用于单亲母亲角色,探讨中国单亲母亲沟通抗逆力的作用机制及其如何影响单亲母亲群体的生活状况和自我价值感。基于两轮调查问卷数据的分析结果支持抗逆力沟通模型的解释力,进一步丰富了该模型的内涵,并为提升单亲母亲抗逆力提供建议。
The article is devoted to the analysis of different approaches to the study of subjective well-being, with a focus on existential aspects, namely, on the role of existential fulfillment for the emotional and cognitive components of subjective well-being. Empirical research was carried out on a sample of student youth. The work uses the test of existential motivations by A. Lengle and P. Edhard, the subjective well-being scale of Perrudel-Badoux, Mendelsohn, and the life satisfaction scale of E. Diener. The nature of the relationship between four existential motivations and existential fulfillment in general with indicators of subjective well-being, life satisfaction and openness of the individual was established. Regression models describing the importance of fundamental motivations for subjective well-being and life satisfaction in the studied age group were built.
Traversing the doctorate from start to completion can be stressful, with some students never reaching completion. This autoethnographic study explored how one researcher completed a Doctor of Philosophy and maintained their subjective wellbeing through ‘self-introspection’, using the analogy of the three little pigs. Data was generated through autoethnographic accounts. A four-step iterative process frames data analysis. There were four key findings. Self-talk with internal dialogue was a strategy used to move thinking to a more optimistic state of mind. Relational connectivity was effective in deliberately shifting negative affect states. Organisational skills enabled dealing with cognitive complexity. The use of a Researcher Journal guided self-regulation and self-control in self-reflection, contributing to the positive maintenance of one researcher’s subjective wellbeing. This autoethnographic account highlights ways of working that could be beneficial to help other researchers balance their subjective wellbeing while successfully completing the doctoral journey.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.