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Ontološki uvjeti nastanka pravnog pozitivizma
Abstract
In diesem Aufsatz wird die weit verbreitete Schule der Rechtsphilosophie, nämlich das Rechtspositivismus dargestellt. In der populärsten Auslegung des Rechtspositivismus wird die Auseinanderscheidung des Rechts und der Moral unterstrichen. Diese Auseinanderscheidung fungiert in der Epoche der großen Besorgtheit für die Menschenrechte verständlicherweise als die Quelle der Abneigung gegen das Rechtspositivismus. Das Recht, das in letzter Instanz immer mit dem Zwang unterstützt ist, ist ein derartig delikates Instrument für die Eingriffe in den menschlichen Beziehungen, das es nicht von dem Diskurs über die Legitimation und Limitation der Staatgewalt absolut abgesondert sein kann. Anderseits ist aber der Rechtspositivismus die Lehre, die auch angesichts vieler Aufstiege ihren historischen Antagonisten, des Jusnaturalismus, immer wieder zur Geltung kam. Einige sprechen deswegen bereits über den »ewigen Wiederkehr des Positivismus». Die Gründe für die Ausschließung der Moral aus dem rechtlichen Diskurs sind sehr komplex in reichen weit jenseits der Vorstellung über das A moralismus oder Ignoranz der Juristen. Die Gründe liegen im ontologischen Grund des neuzeitlichen Denkens. In diesem Aufsatz wird die Eingeflochtenheit des Positivismus in die ontologische Strukturen dargestellt.
Same-sex marriages, registered partnerships and de facto unions are considered same-sex relationships in comparative law. In the Hague Protocol, an important source of the Serbian conflict of law system, nothing is indicated about its application to these relationships, nor is the notion of „family relationship“ defined in sense of Article 1. This paper examines the scope of interpretation of this notion and whether it includes same-sex relationships. The main dilemma is whether the application of the Protocol may arise from autonomous interpretation of notion „family relationship“ or from the decision of each contracting state. Taking a position regarding these issues, the author examines the possibility of application of the Protocol to determine applicable law in disputes regarding maintenance of same-sex relationships, concluded abroad, and processed before domestic authorities. Special attention is paid to the analysis of a hypothetical case and the extent of the public-policy clause from Article 13.
The rule of law is one of the key concepts in the 21st century. The idea of the rule of law exists to the extent that there are reflections on the state and law, and a relationship between these two concepts. The aim of this paper is to show in one place the development of the idea of the rule of law through history. In this sense, the authors look at the thoughts of philosophers who have largely determined the direction of development of the idea of the rule of law. Of course, not all philosophers who have contemplated the rule of law are listed in the paper, but it nevertheless attempts to show in chronological order how the rule of law as an idea developed from Plato to its modern theorists.
Rad polazi od deskriptivne analize Hobbesove teorije druš-
tvenog ugovora, fokusirajući se na uvide koji se tiču prirodnog stanja i ljudske prirode. Pri tome se Machpersonova teorija posjedničkog tržišta pojavljuje kao inspirativno štivo za
povlačenje paralele između okolnosti prirodnog stanja i okolnosti liberalnog kapitalizma koje iznuđuju od pojedinca/ke
određena egoistična i sebična ponašanja. Teorijska pozicija
povlačenja ovakvih paralela s ciljem ukazivanja na jednu genezu ideje individualizma od Hobbesa do klasičnog liberalizma, pruža uvid u sve nedostatke teorija pravde i pravednosti
koje nam nudi klasični liberalizam, ali i njihove eventualne
potencijale. Međutim, individualizam je tek jedan od tri glavna stupa ovakvih pristupa teoriji pravde i pravednosti, te je
neophodno kroz rad ukazati na njegovu korelaciju s druga
dva stupa – jednakopravnosti i slobode, kao i na njihovu me-
đusobnu determiniranost.
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