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Windows to Discover: A socially engaged arts project addressing isolation
Abstract
Social isolation is an ongoing issue for those experiencing mental distress. This issue was the theme of the Windows to Discover project completed as part of an artist residency in Lille, France. This practice-based report reviews the social construction of social exclusion and the theory of socially engaged art and describes the project. A collaborative participation model was used for the process of the project. This meant that the artist facilitated the development of the work and shared with the participants the responsibility for developing its structure and contents. Mental health consumers and professionals participated in it over a period of three months. Focus groups and group readings were held, and then drawings, paintings and models were made. Construction and artwork making followed. The work was then shown at two separate community events. Five Art Psy newsletters enhanced engagement. Positive feedback was obtained, in particular improved self-esteem and group participation. However, some found the experience emotionally stressful. The project was a valuable learning experience for the artist and the participants. The positive aspect of social isolation was an unexpected observation. Drawing a larger audience into the project was difficult. Suggestions to improve this type of project are presented.
... Projektet var en vaerdifuld laeringsproces for kunstneren og deltagerne. Det positive aspekt af social inklusion var en uventet observation (Leichner et al. 2013). ...
... Faelleskabsidentitet og forståelse mellem splittede grupper blev identificeret som noget kunst og kulturelle aktiviteter kunne vaere medskaber af (McHenry 2011).Forbedret selvvaerd blev rapporteret hos deltagerene af et socialt kunstprojekt samt en positiv anerkendelse af gruppedeltagelse(Leichner et al. 2013). ...
1.1 Introduktion
Reviewet præsenterer en opdateret systematisk gennemgang af den internationale litteratur
inden for kultur og sundhedsfeltet (Arts and Health). Formålet med denne gennemgang er at
dokumentere undersøgelser, der kan understøtte og informere om værdien af kunst- og kultur
tiltag i social- og sundhedssektoren.
1.2 Baggrund
Der findes ikke, til dato, en evidensbase for kultur og sundhed i en dansk kontekst. I et forsøg
på at samle viden, der antageligt kan bidrage til nogle af de samfundsmæssige udfordringer i
social- og sundhedssektoren, undersøger dette review den eksisterende litteratur inden for
kultur og sundhedsfeltet. Reviewet har ikke til hensigt at være den endelige evidensbase for
kunst- og kulturinterventioner til sundhedsfremme, men at være relevant for Nordjysk Center
for Kultur og Sundhed ved Aalborg Universitet (NOCKS – et samarbejde mellem Region
Nordjylland, Aalborg Kommune, Aalborg Universitetshospital og Aalborg Universitet) med
særlig henblik på at udvikle fagspecifik viden, kompetencer og tværfaglige samarbejder mellem
aktørerne i feltet samt at belyse sammenhænge mellem kultur og sundhed.
1.3 Metode
Reviewet undersøger vigtige kunst- og kulturinterventioner, der kan bidrage til:
kliniske effekter til gavn for patienter med forskellige sygdomme og diagnoser
forbedring af mental sundhed og øget trivsel blandt diverse borgergrupper
udvikling af faglige kompetencer blandt sundhedsfagligt personale
positiv virkning på og i social- og sundhedsmiljøer
effektivisering af indsatser og interventioner
kendskab til skandinavisksproget litteratur om kultur og sundhed
En systematisk gennemgang af den internationale litteratur om Kultur og Sundhed
Følgende databaser blev brugt til søgningen:
Cochrane Library
Primo
Ebscohost
ProQuest
Web of Science,
CINAHL
PsycInfo
PubMed
Design & Applied Arts Index
http://www.musikterapi.aau.dk/digitalAssets/290/290869_review_anita_25maj_finalversion_1.pdf
... A collaborative participation approach (Helguera, 2011) was to be used whenever feasible. This approach in socially engaged art practice (Leichner, Lagarde, & Lemaire, 2014) situates the artist more as a mentor or guide to the participants and less as the expert director in the creation of the artwork. Hence, it would be important to engage the instructors and participants from the onset in creating the work. ...
The lived experience of dementia includes loss of identity due to the negative and pessimistic social narratives that are stigmatizing and socially isolating. In the community-based participatory research (CBPR) project Raising the Curtain on the Lived Experiences of Dementia, eleven individuals living with dementia participated as ‘peer collaborators’ in weekly co-creative workshops over two years. The purpose of this study was to investigate how peer collaborators described their involvement in Raising the Curtain in relation to their social participation and ability to effect social messages about dementia. Data gathered from the workshops, including transcripts (8) and one-on-one evaluation interviews (103), were used for analysis. Research findings revealed that the participants’ engagement as peer collaborators fostered their ability to enact resistance and social citizenship, including sharing lived experiences, combating the stigma of dementia, engendering inclusion and belonging, and promoting advocacy. Using CBPR to foster social citizenship suggests that meaningful and purposeful approaches to leisure are possible for individuals living with dementia.
Background: The arts and health evidence base needs to be grounded by common terminology and concepts from which original research and comparative studies can be developed. The aim of this study was to elucidate terminology central to understanding the arts and health causal pathway by defining arts engagement via art forms, activities and level (magnitude) of engagement. Method: The study design was cross-sectional. International experts (n=280) completed an online survey about the concept of arts engagement (response fraction 44%) to generate a list of art forms and activities. Responses were analysed using NVIVO. Participating experts then completed a second survey to rate activities by level of engagement (response fraction 57%). Ratings were analysed via descriptive statistics and factor analysis. Results: Arts engagement can be defined by five art forms (1.performing arts; 2.visual arts, design and craft; 3.community/cultural festivals, fairs and events; 4.literature; and 5.online, digital and electronic arts) and measured via 91 activities. ‘Active’ arts activities had higher levels of engagement than ‘passive’ activities. Conclusion: Study findings provide guidance about which art forms and activities should be included in population surveys and provide a measurement of exposure for use in studies investigating the relationship between arts engagement and health.
The arts are valued by most societies for a variety of reasons. From a health perspective they have been valued primarily for therapeutic purposes. Subsequently, the benefit of the arts in health research is increasingly evident. Although the arts have been used as a research method in other disciplines, their use in health is much more recent. There is no clear understanding of the kind of arts or the way the arts have been used as a research method.This systematic review of the literature was conducted to fill this knowledge gap. We undertook the review to determine what constitutes arts-based methods in health research and how have these methods been used.We searched eight databases using different combinations of several keywords. We used content and thematic analysis to analyze our results.Thirty studies met our criteria for inclusion. Visual arts were the most common, followed by performance arts, and literary arts. The purposes of using arts in health research were primarily for knowledge production and knowledge translation.Artistic methods are a useful technique for both knowledge production and translation purposes, albeit to a limited degree. We will discuss our findings in terms of trends, methodological issues and theoretical issues. Further research is needed to advance this area of knowledge.
De la psychiatrie vers la santé mentale J'ai remis à Bernard Kouchner, en 2001 et 2002, deux rapports. Le premier, De la psychiatrie vers la santé mentale, corédigé avec Eric Piel, avait pour objectif d'intégrer la psychiatrie dans la ville, d'implanter forte-ment les dispositifs de santé mentale dans la cité, de redynamiser les prati-ques de soins dans la proximité et le partenariat avec les acteurs sociaux et élus locaux. Les principes généraux qui ont guidé la réflexion étaient que les droits de l'homme et du citoyen étaient inaliénables, les troubles psychi-ques ne les annulant en aucun cas. Les axes concrets de changement que nous avions proposés étaient de favoriser la parole et le pouvoir des utilisa-teurs des services, tout citoyen pouvant en être un usager direct ou indirect. Nous proposions aussi de ne plus créer d'asiles sociaux à la place des asiles mentaux et de renoncer à la gestion du médico-social par les établissements de santé. Le second rapport, La démocratie sanitaire dans le champ de la santé men-tale, insiste sur la place des usagers en santé mentale, eu égard à la loi du 4 mars 2002 et sur le travail des partenariats nécessaires dans la cité, sous l'impulsion et la coordination des élus locaux. De multiples exemples sont donnés de réalisations concrètes actuelles et des propositions de décloisonnements, de travail en articulation tant au niveau du secteur que des bassins sanitaires et sociaux sont développés. Le décloisonnement entre sanitaire et social est envisagé de façon radicale, sous l'égide et le dynamisme des élus locaux, fédérant les systèmes dépar-tementaux et étatiques. Ces rapports se sont appuyés à la fois sur les recommandations de l'OMS, les réflexions menées en Europe et sur une analyse de la situation euro-péenne et française • Les fondements du constat – La politique de l'OMS : non à l'exclusion, oui aux soins En 2001, l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, dans son rapport sur la santé mentale dans le monde, a énoncé les dix recommandations suivantes : 1 – traiter les troubles au niveau des soins primaires ; 2 – assurer la disponibilité des psychotropes ; 205 Rapports * Psychiatre, EPSM Lille métropole. Rapports 3 – soigner au sein de la communauté ; 4 – éduquer le grand public ; 5 – associer les communautés, les familles et les consommateurs ; 6 – adopter des politiques, des programmes et une législation au niveau national ; 7 – développer les ressources humaines ; 8 – établir des liens avec d'autres secteurs 1 ; 9 – surveiller la santé mentale des communautés 2 ; 10 – soutenir la recherche. Elle a insisté sur l'existence des troubles mentaux pour une large part de la population mondiale et du manque d'accès aux soins, mais aussi sur la cura-bilité de ces troubles, ce qui est souvent méconnu du grand public. Elle a développé des stratégies d'actions pour la mise en oeuvre de ces recomman-dations, adaptées au niveau de développement économique des États.
During the past century, the scope of mental health intervention in North America has gradually expanded from an initial focus on hospitalized patients with psychoses to outpatients with neurotic disorders, including the so-called worried well. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fifth Edition, is further embracing the concept of a mental illness spectrum, such that increasing attention to the softer end of the continuum can be expected in the future. This anticipated shift rekindles important questions about how mental illness is defined, how to distinguish between mental disorders and normal reactions, whether psychiatry is guilty of prevalence inflation, and when somatic therapies should be used to treat problems of living. Such debates are aptly illustrated by the example of complicated bereavement, which is best characterized as a form of adjustment disorder. Achieving an overarching definition of mental illness is challenging, owing to the many different contexts in which DSM diagnoses are used. Careful analyses of such contextual utility must inform future decisions about what ends up in DSM, as well as how mental illness is defined by public health policy and society at large. A viable vision for the future of psychiatry should include a spectrum model of mental health (as opposed to exclusively mental illness) that incorporates graded, evidence-based interventions delivered by a range of providers at each point along its continuum.
Aims: The purpose of this paper is to describe and reflect on an ethics and safety protocol to conduct Photovoice research with women who have experienced intimate partner violence. Methods: Guided by feminist participatory action research principles, we collaboratively developed the Protocol as a way to navigate the tensions among three imperative aspects of our study: (a) maintaining the confidentiality and safety of participants, (b) using the data for action and knowledge exchange activities, and (c) working to destabilize traditional power relations between researchers and participants, thus enhancing community control. Outcomes: The Protocol was framed by the primary guideline that all decisions be made through a lens of safety and autonomy, which shaped the ways in which informed consent, confidentiality, and safety were managed during all phases of the research process. Conclusions: Our Protocol provides an example of how ethical and safety tensions associated with conducting Photovoice and other action-oriented methods with members of marginalized populations can be addressed.
The biopsychosocial model is the conceptual status quo of contemporary psychiatry. Although it has played an important role in combatting psychiatric dogmatism, it has devolved into mere eclecticism. Other non-reductionistic approaches to medicine and psychiatry such as William Osler's medical humanism or Karl Jaspers' method-based psychiatry should be reconsidered.
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Chopin, O. (2011). Integrer une dimension artistique et culturelle a une politique de santé mentale
dans la communauté (Thesis for a inter university diploma in mental health in the community).
University of Lille 2, Lille, France.
Public engagement in the arts
Canada Council for the Arts (2012, October). Public engagement in the arts, Discussion paper.
Retrieved from http://www.canadacouncil.ca/~/media/Files/Corporate-Planning%20-%20EN/
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DSM re-revised and other related texts
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Leichner, P. (2012). DSM re-revised and other related texts, Retrieved from http://leichner.ca/Ins
tallations/DSMinst.html