Conservation Agriculture in Europe

Abstract

This chapter provides a description of the past and recent development of conservation agriculture (CA) in Europe. It reviews scientific and technical literature as well as empirical evidence reported by the European Conservation Agriculture Federation (ECAF) and its national member associations.
Starting from the early beginnings of CA in Europe, this chapter reviews the development of CA until its current status. This clearly indicates that Europe lags far behind other regions in the world in terms of the adoption and spread of CA. This chapter presents actual data of adoption in several European countries as far as it is reported by national CA associations. It also reviews the most relevant experiences gained throughout Europe, focussing on crop performance, impact on soil quality, and weed, insects and disease incidence, as well as environmental and economic aspects of CA. Challenges and possible reasons for the relatively low uptake of CA in Europe are discussed, including the influence of national and European agricultural policies and regulations on the past evolution of CA uptake in Europe. Finally, this chapter provides an outlook into future prospects for up-scaling of CA in Europe, and what the likely impact of global changes and constraints may mean for the adoption and spread of CA in Europe.

Full text

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Chapter 15
Conservation Agriculture in Europe
G. Basch, T. Friedrich, A. Kassam and E. Gonzalez-Sanchez
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15.1 Introduction
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15.2 History of CA in Europe
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Table 15.1 5HVXOWVRIWKHILUVWH[SHULHQFHVZLWK&$LQVRPH(XURSHDQFRXQWULHV
&RXQWU\ <HDU ([SHULHQFH 5HIHUHQFH
8. 1955  &KULVWLDQ1994
7KH1HWKHUODQGV 1962 ±± 9DQ2XZHUNHUNDQG3HUGRN1994
*HUPDQ\ 1966  %lXPHU1970
%HOJLXP 1967  &DQQHOODQG+DZHV1994
6ZLW]HUODQG 1967  &DQQHOODQG+DZHV1994
,WDO\ 1968 ± 6DUWRULDQG3HUX]]L1994
France 1970  %RLVJRQWLHUHWDO1994
6SDLQ 1982  )HUQiQGH]4XLQWDQLOOD1997
3RUWXJDO 1984  &DUYDOKRDQG%DVFK1994
 SRVLWLYH YHU\SRVLWLYH±± QRWIHDVLEOH

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15.4 Experiences with CA in Europe
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15.4.1 Crop Performance
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Table 15.2 6HOHFWHGH[DPSOHVRIFURS\LHOGVREWDLQHGZLWKQRWLOODQGSORXJKLQJLQYDULRXVORFD
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3ORXJKHG\LHOG
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1RWLOO
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1RUZD\ :LQWHUZKHDW
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27 5.17 99 5LOH\HWDO1994
6ZHGHQ :LQWHUZKHDW
%DUOH\
22 4.89 91 5LOH\HWDO1994
6ZHGHQ :LQWHUZKHDW n.a. 6.26 95 $UYLGVVRQ2010
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6SULQJEDUOH\
8
7
4.3
4.3
95
100
$ODNXNNXHWDO2009
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4
4
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61
91
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2LOVHHGUDSH 5 4.13 96
:LQWHUZKHDW 6 5.52 101
6SULQJEDUOH\ 6 4.36 83
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6FRWODQG 6SULQJEDUOH\ 15 4.79 91 6RDQHDQG%DOO1998
:LQWHUEDUOH\ 9 8.8 99
England :LQWHUZKHDW
:LQWHUZKHDW
4
4
8.40
7.79
105
92
&DQQHOOHWDO1986
*HUPDQ\ :LQWHUZKHDW 32 6.57 100 7HEUJJHDQG%|KUQVHQ
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6XJDUEHHW 8 67.9 100
2LOVHHGUDSH 3 3.64 109
6LODJHFRUQ 3 50.7 88
6XJDUFRUQ 3 10.6 99
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FRPPXQLFDWLRQa
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%DUOH\ 12 7.82 101
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%DUOH\ 4 1.89 113
6SDLQ %DUOH\ n.a. 2.62 103 /DFDVWD'XWRLWHWDO
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6XQIORZHU n.a. 0.87 108
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ZHUHORZHUXQGHU&$&DUYDOKRDQG%DVFK1994%DVFKHWDO1998ZKRIRXQG
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15.7 Prospects for Up-Scaling CA in Europe
15.7.1 Effects of Climate Change
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