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Conservation of Storks and Other Waterbirds in Bangladesh
Abstract
Among the seven species of resident and migratory storks of Bangladesh, two resident species have been extripated, the status of three storks are uncertain, and the remaining two species are fast disappearing owing to loss of habitat and hunting. In addition the avifauna includes another 14 species of colonial waterbirds in 15,000 square kilometers of wetlands. Increased fishing, conversion of wetlands into arable lands, removal of village groves and hunting have reduced the populations of these waterbirds. Conservation measures are needed to save the stroks and other waterbirds.
... In Bangladesh, Asian Woollyneck was considered to be a rare winter migrant and is listed as a "Critically Endangered" species considering its small and fluctuating wintering population in the country (IUCN Bangladesh 2015). Khan (1987) mentions that Asian Woollyneck used to breed infrequently in Sunderbans, Mymensingh and Sylhet districts. However, he had no sightings of the species in a decadelong survey except for a dead bird record in Rajshahi district in 1972 (Khan 1987). ...
... Khan (1987) mentions that Asian Woollyneck used to breed infrequently in Sunderbans, Mymensingh and Sylhet districts. However, he had no sightings of the species in a decadelong survey except for a dead bird record in Rajshahi district in 1972 (Khan 1987). Only three records of this stork were reported from the Jamuna River, Padma River and the Sundarbans between the 1990s and 2013 (Thompson et al. 2014). ...
Asian Woollyneck is a globally "Vulnerable" stork species found in Asia. Information on its status in Bangladesh is scanty. In this note, we provide successful breeding records of Asian Woollyneck from Rajshahi and Chapainawabganj Districts confirming the breeding of the species in Bangladesh.
... SAYAM U. CHOWDHURY & MD. SHARIF HOSSAIN SOURAV 'endangered', with rapidly declining populations (Sarker & Sarker 1983, Khan 1987. It is now listed as a nationally Endangered rare resident (IUCN Bangladesh 2000, Siddiqui et al. 2008. ...
... It is now listed as a nationally Endangered rare resident (IUCN Bangladesh 2000, Siddiqui et al. 2008. In Sylhet 15 nests were recorded in 1885 (Baker 1929) and there was at least one nesting pair each at Dhaka, Faridpur, Noakhali, Khulna and the Chittagong Hill Tracts prior to 1982; however, the Chittagong and Noakhali pairs in Whykeong and Char Bhata disappeared as a result of shrimp cultivation in the 1980s (Khan 1987). There has been no recent nesting record in the above-mentioned historical sites and the species is scarce elsewhere with records of just one or two individuals, except in the Sundarbans where up to 25 birds can be seen during a typical visit, a number which has been relatively stable in recent years though with no breeding records (pers. ...
Notes on a Lesser Adjutant breeding colony found in Thakurgaon district in northern Bangladesh in 2011.
... SAYAM U. CHOWDHURY & MD. SHARIF HOSSAIN SOURAV 'endangered', with rapidly declining populations (Sarker & Sarker 1983, Khan 1987. It is now listed as a nationally Endangered rare resident (IUCN Bangladesh 2000, Siddiqui et al. 2008. ...
... It is now listed as a nationally Endangered rare resident (IUCN Bangladesh 2000, Siddiqui et al. 2008. In Sylhet 15 nests were recorded in 1885 (Baker 1929) and there was at least one nesting pair each at Dhaka, Faridpur, Noakhali, Khulna and the Chittagong Hill Tracts prior to 1982; however, the Chittagong and Noakhali pairs in Whykeong and Char Bhata disappeared as a result of shrimp cultivation in the 1980s (Khan 1987). There has been no recent nesting record in the above-mentioned historical sites and the species is scarce elsewhere with records of just one or two individuals, except in the Sundarbans where up to 25 birds can be seen during a typical visit, a number which has been relatively stable in recent years though with no breeding records (pers. ...
Introduction The Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus has a large range across South and SouthEast Asia, but a global population estimated at only 6,500–8,000 mature individuals. Substantial populations occur primarily in India (about 2,000 birds in Assam, West Bengal and Bihar), Indonesia (about 2,000 in 1993, the majority on Sumatra) and Cambodia (2,500–4,000 birds). Smaller breeding populations are known to exist in Nepal (recent national estimate of about 300 birds), Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos and Malaysia (about 500 birds). Bhutan, Brunei, Vietnam and Thailand also hold small numbers but the species is believed to be extinct in China and Singapore (BirdLife International 2012, Choudhury 2000). The Lesser Adjutant is now listed as Vulnerable because the small population is thought to be declining quickly throughout its range due to several factors including the felling of nesting trees (especially in Assam), drainage and conversion of wetland feeding habitats, intensification of agriculture and use of pesticides, anthropocentric disturbance, collection of eggs and chicks, and conversion of coastal mangroves (Gyawali 2004, BirdLife International 2012). In Bangladesh, the Lesser Adjutant was once regarded as 'fairly common' but has more recently been classified as 'uncommon' (Khan 1982) and FIELD STUDY
... However, we still lack population data. There were few anecdotal breeding records of woolly-necked storks in Bangladesh (Khan 1987), until recently, Hasan and Ghimire (2020) confirmed the first breeding of this species from the Rajshahi and Chapainawabganj districts. Herein, we present additional breeding records from a recent survey alongside detailed observations on nests to understand aspects, such as nesting ecology, human disturbances and nest predation. ...
The Asian Woollynecks were once thought to be a rare winter migrant to the wetlands of Bangladesh, and until very recently, only a few incidents of nesting had been observed. New information shows expanding populations across their habitat, though little is known about their movement ecology, breeding ecology and preferences for artificial nest sites. In this paper, we documented some crucial nesting and breeding information on this species. We used camera traps as a means of passive monitoring and identified Large‐billed crow Corvus macrorhynchos and House crow Corvus splendens as potential nest predators. Three nests were found in artificial structures, where anthropogenic activity, like disturbances during cell phone tower maintenance, or predators limit the breeding success of Asian Woollynecks.
... At least one nesting pair was recorded in Dhaka, Faridpur, Noakhali, Khulna andChittagong Hill Tracts up to 1982 (Khan, 1987). The nesting pairs of Lesser Adjutants at Whykong in Teknaf and another nesting pair at char bata in Noakhali were extirpated because of shrimp cultivations in those areas in the 1980s (Khan, 1987). There has been no recent nesting record in the above-mentioned historical sites, and the species is scarce elsewhere with records of just one or two individuals, except in the Coastal region and Sundarbans, where up to 25 birds can be seen (Chowdhury and Sourav, 2012); one confirmed breeding site at Singhari, Thakurgaon (Chowdhury and Sourav, 2012). ...
Breeding activities are important behaviour in bird life. A study on the Lesser Adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicus) was conducted between February 2020 and April 2024 in northern and northeastern Bangladesh to determine the nesting sites, breeding biology and threats. We identified two nesting sites: one in Haripur, Thakurgaon. A new breeding site in Godagari, Rajshahi was detected where two incomplete nests were found, but no eggs were laid, and six adult Lesser Adjutants were present in the nesting tree. Six occupied nests were counted during 2023 from the known breeding site in Singhari, Haripur. Both the nesting tree was Shimul (Bombax ceiba), and the nesting height was 38 m in Godagari and 22-25 m (mean 23.5 ± 0.95 m, N=6) at Singhari. Nest construction requires approximately 12 to 18 days (mean 14.83 ± 2.03 days, N=6) and laid two to three eggs (mean 2.33± 0.51 eggs, N = 6). Both male and female bird incubated the eggs, and incubation period was varied from 30 to 33 days (mean 31.33± 1.10 days, N = 6). The nesting success was 100%, and the incubation success was 78.57%; 1-2 nestlings per nest (mean 1.83± 0.41 nestlings, N = 6). Major threats include the cutting of nesting trees and hunting birds by the local people. Parents cared for the hatchlings, feeding them regurgitated fishes and other aquatic prey organisms. In 2023, fledglings survived 63.64%, and breeding success was 50% in relation to number of eggs laid. In 2022, fledgling survival was 92.85% in relation to nestling; and in 2021 it was 71.42%. After 60 to 70 days, they leave the nest to practice flying while their parents continue to guide them until they can survive independently. This study indicated that Lesser Adjutant successful can breed in Bangladesh if nesting trees are available. Bangladesh J. Zool. 52(3): 225-235, 2024
... The Black-necked Stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus) was once widespread throughout south-east Asia and Australia; it has more recently declined in, or been extirpated from most of its world range (Kahn 1987). It has declined steadily in the Indian subcontinent (Rahmani 1989;Maheswaran et al. 2004). ...
... The Black-necked Stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus), Australia's only species of stork, was once widespread throughout south-east Asia and Australia, and has more recently declined in, or been extirpated from, most of its world range (Kahn 1987). The species has been considered 'quite secure' in Australia (Luthin 1987); however, since the 1980s the species has declined in the southern end of its range and is now listed as Endangered in New South Wales, and Rare in Queensland under the Threatened Species Conservation Act (1995). ...
The Black-necked Stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus),
Australia’s only ciconiid, is currently under threat in many parts of
its range. In this study, we describe the behaviour and habitat use of the
Black-necked Stork in Kakadu National Park and northern New South Wales, to
gain an understanding of its habitat requirements that will aid in
conservation efforts. We also provide a selective review of threats to storks
world-wide, to generate hypotheses for further work. Foraging behaviours
recorded onto video were analysed with respect to foraging success; this was
significantly different among locations. Although more work needs to be done,
we explain this in the context of prey concentrating in drying wetlands. This
result highlights the importance of habitat variability, especially with
respect to the drying and filling of temporary wetlands, to the success of
Black-necked Storks. The individuals in this study also displayed a high level
of aggression during foraging, which has not been documented previously.
Although many factors, including power lines and pollutants, probably
contribute to the decline of Black-necked Storks in Australia, changes in
land-use patterns are likely to be one of the most important influencesles.
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