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New Leaf-Mining Moths of the Family Nepticulidae from Florida
Abstract
Two new genera and 5 new species of the leaf-mining family Nepticulidae are described from Florida. Comprising these taxa are Artaversala, new genus, A. gilvafascia, new species, Oligoneura, new genus, O. basidactyla, new species, Microcalyptris bicornutus, new species, M. tenuijuxtus, new species, and Ectoedemia mesoloba, new species. Structural details, critical to the generic and specific recognition of each new taxon, are fully illustrated.
... In recent literature, species from the "Enteucha-like assemblage" were either divided between two genera (Enteucha Meyrick and Manoneura Davis; see Davis, 1978Davis, , 1979 [1][2][3][4]. In the course of our recent study of the "Enteuchalike assemblage", we discovered novel morphological characters, notably the presence of vaginal sclerites in the female genitalia, and a greatly developed pseudoanellus, and a strongly reinforced cathrema of the phallus in the male genitalia. ...
... In recent literature, species from the "Enteucha-like assemblage" were either divided between two genera (Enteucha Meyrick and Manoneura Davis; see Davis, 1978Davis, , 1979 [1][2][3][4]. In the course of our recent study of the "Enteuchalike assemblage", we discovered novel morphological characters, notably the presence of vaginal sclerites in the female genitalia, and a greatly developed pseudoanellus, and a strongly reinforced cathrema of the phallus in the male genitalia. ...
... Institutional [1][2][3][4]. Brachinepticula is recognised by the presence of well-developed pseudoanellus and distinctive, paired juxta, long lateral processes of cathrema, also lobate valva in the male genitalia, and the vaginal sclerites in the female genitalia. Wing venation with a separate vein CuA. ...
We describe one new genus (Brachinepticula Stonis & Diškus, gen. nov.) with two new species (B. plurilobata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., B. elongata Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov.), and one species with uncertain taxonomic position (Johanssoniella bina Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov.). We also provide diagnostic characters and an updated annotated catalogue of the following related genera: newly restored Johanssoniella Koçak, Brachinepticula gen. nov., Enteucha Meyrick (s. str.) and Manoneura Davis. In the Annotated Catalogue, we provide five new combinations and new data on morphology, biology, and distribution of some species, including the first photographic documentation of Manoneura basidactyla Davis discovered in the Amazon rainforest, results of re-examination of the male genitalia of the European Johanssonia acetosae (Stt.), also the first documentation of the male genitalia, host plant and leaf mines of the little known Johanssoniella diplocosma (Meyrick) from the Himalayas. All new taxa treated in the paper are illustrated with drawings and (or) photographs of the adults and genitalia; photographs of the leaf mines of Brachinepticula plurilobata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. and Johanssoniella diplocosma (Meyrick) are also provided.
... The fauna of Macaronesia is mostly endemic, particularly on the Canarian Islands, with mostly Mediterranean or African elements of Glaucolepis, Muhabbetana, Fomoria, Acalyptris and Stigmella. The fauna of the Azores and Madeira is very poor with respectively one and four species, some of which have been introduced (Karsholt and Davis, 1978) (syn: van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7) Oligoneura Davis, 1978: 217; JH of Oligoneura Bigot, 1878 (Brachiopoda) (TS/ OD,M: Oligoneura basidactyla Davis, 1978) (syn: van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7) Manoneura Davis, 1979: 276; RN for Oligoneura Davis, 1978(syn: van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7) 1 Johanssoniella Koçak, 1981: 99; RN for Johanssonia Borkowski (syn: van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7) Enteucha acetosae (Stainton, 1854) van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7 (Fig. 25 Klimesch, 1940b: 92 Stigmella acetosae (Stainton, 1854) Beirne, 1945 Johanssonia acetosae (Stainton, 1854) Borkowski, 1972a Johanssoniella acetosae (Stainton, 1854) Koçak, 1981 Stigmella arifoliella (Klimesch, 1940) Hering, 1957 ‡ Nepticula arifoliella var. altvateri Skala, 1941b: 79 Enteucha diplocosma (Meyrick, 1921) Diškus & Puplesis, 2003 OR Nepticula diplocosma Meyrick, 1921a: 411 Enteucha acuta Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 21 NEO Enteucha basidactyla (Davis, 1978) van Nieukerken, 1986a: 54 1 NEA,NEO Oligoneura basidactyla Davis, 1978: 218 Manoneura basidactyla (Davis, 1978) Davis, 1979: 276 Enteucha contracolorea Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 20 NEO Enteucha cyanochlora Meyrick, 1915a: 241 NEO Enteucha gilvafascia (Davis, 1978) van Nieukerken, 1986a: 54 NEA,NEO Artaversala gilvafascia Davis, 1978: 221 Enteucha hilli Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 19 NEO Enteucha snaddoni Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 21 NEO Enteucha trinaria (Puplesis & Robinson, 2000), comb. ...
... The fauna of Macaronesia is mostly endemic, particularly on the Canarian Islands, with mostly Mediterranean or African elements of Glaucolepis, Muhabbetana, Fomoria, Acalyptris and Stigmella. The fauna of the Azores and Madeira is very poor with respectively one and four species, some of which have been introduced (Karsholt and Davis, 1978) (syn: van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7) Oligoneura Davis, 1978: 217; JH of Oligoneura Bigot, 1878 (Brachiopoda) (TS/ OD,M: Oligoneura basidactyla Davis, 1978) (syn: van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7) Manoneura Davis, 1979: 276; RN for Oligoneura Davis, 1978(syn: van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7) 1 Johanssoniella Koçak, 1981: 99; RN for Johanssonia Borkowski (syn: van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7) Enteucha acetosae (Stainton, 1854) van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7 (Fig. 25 Klimesch, 1940b: 92 Stigmella acetosae (Stainton, 1854) Beirne, 1945 Johanssonia acetosae (Stainton, 1854) Borkowski, 1972a Johanssoniella acetosae (Stainton, 1854) Koçak, 1981 Stigmella arifoliella (Klimesch, 1940) Hering, 1957 ‡ Nepticula arifoliella var. altvateri Skala, 1941b: 79 Enteucha diplocosma (Meyrick, 1921) Diškus & Puplesis, 2003 OR Nepticula diplocosma Meyrick, 1921a: 411 Enteucha acuta Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 21 NEO Enteucha basidactyla (Davis, 1978) van Nieukerken, 1986a: 54 1 NEA,NEO Oligoneura basidactyla Davis, 1978: 218 Manoneura basidactyla (Davis, 1978) Davis, 1979: 276 Enteucha contracolorea Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 20 NEO Enteucha cyanochlora Meyrick, 1915a: 241 NEO Enteucha gilvafascia (Davis, 1978) van Nieukerken, 1986a: 54 NEA,NEO Artaversala gilvafascia Davis, 1978: 221 Enteucha hilli Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 19 NEO Enteucha snaddoni Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 21 NEO Enteucha trinaria (Puplesis & Robinson, 2000), comb. ...
... The fauna of Macaronesia is mostly endemic, particularly on the Canarian Islands, with mostly Mediterranean or African elements of Glaucolepis, Muhabbetana, Fomoria, Acalyptris and Stigmella. The fauna of the Azores and Madeira is very poor with respectively one and four species, some of which have been introduced (Karsholt and Davis, 1978) (syn: van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7) Oligoneura Davis, 1978: 217; JH of Oligoneura Bigot, 1878 (Brachiopoda) (TS/ OD,M: Oligoneura basidactyla Davis, 1978) (syn: van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7) Manoneura Davis, 1979: 276; RN for Oligoneura Davis, 1978(syn: van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7) 1 Johanssoniella Koçak, 1981: 99; RN for Johanssonia Borkowski (syn: van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7) Enteucha acetosae (Stainton, 1854) van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7 (Fig. 25 Klimesch, 1940b: 92 Stigmella acetosae (Stainton, 1854) Beirne, 1945 Johanssonia acetosae (Stainton, 1854) Borkowski, 1972a Johanssoniella acetosae (Stainton, 1854) Koçak, 1981 Stigmella arifoliella (Klimesch, 1940) Hering, 1957 ‡ Nepticula arifoliella var. altvateri Skala, 1941b: 79 Enteucha diplocosma (Meyrick, 1921) Diškus & Puplesis, 2003 OR Nepticula diplocosma Meyrick, 1921a: 411 Enteucha acuta Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 21 NEO Enteucha basidactyla (Davis, 1978) van Nieukerken, 1986a: 54 1 NEA,NEO Oligoneura basidactyla Davis, 1978: 218 Manoneura basidactyla (Davis, 1978) Davis, 1979: 276 Enteucha contracolorea Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 20 NEO Enteucha cyanochlora Meyrick, 1915a: 241 NEO Enteucha gilvafascia (Davis, 1978) van Nieukerken, 1986a: 54 NEA,NEO Artaversala gilvafascia Davis, 1978: 221 Enteucha hilli Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 19 NEO Enteucha snaddoni Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 21 NEO Enteucha trinaria (Puplesis & Robinson, 2000), comb. ...
A catalogue of all named Nepticulidae and Opostegidae is presented, including fossil species. The catalogue is simultaneously published online in the scratchpad http://nepticuloidea.info/ and in Catalogue of Life (http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/database/id/172). We provide a historical overview of taxonomic research on Nepticuloidea and a brief ‘state of the art’. A DNA barcode dataset with 3205 barcodes is made public at the same time, providing DNA barcodes of ca. 779 species, of which 2563 are identified as belonging to 444 validly published species. We recognise 862 extant and 18 fossil species of Nepticulidae in 22 extant genera and the fossil form genus Stigmellites. We count 192 valid Opostegidae species in 7 genera, without fossils. We also list seven dubious Nepticulidae names that cannot be placed due to absent type material and poor descriptions, 18 unavailable names in Nepticulidae that cannot be placed and we also list the 33 names (including four fossils) that once were placed as Nepticulidae or Opostegidae but are now excluded. All synonyms and previous combinations are listed. The generic classification follows the Molecular phylogeny that is published almost simultaneously. Subfamilies and tribes are not recognised, Trifurculinae Scoble, 1983 is synonymised with Nepticulidae Stainton, 1854 and Opostegoidinae Kozlov, 1987 is synonymised with Opostegidae Meyrick, 1893. The status of Casanovula Hoare, 2013, Etainia Beirne, 1945, Fomoria Beirne, 1945, Glaucolepis Braun, 1917, Menurella Hoare, 2013, Muhabbetana Koçak & Kemal, 2007 and Zimmermannia Hering, 1940 is changed from subgenus to full genus, whereas two genera are considered synonyms again: Manoneura Davis, 1979, a synonym of Enteucha Meyrick, 1915 and Levarchama Beirne, 1945, a synonym of Trifurcula Zeller, 1848. We propose 87 new combinations in Nepticulidae and 10 in Opostegidae, largely due to the new classification, and re-examination of some species. We propose the following 37 new synonymies for species (35 in Nepticulidae, 2 in Opostegidae):
Stigmellaacerifoliella Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969 (unavailable, = Stigmellaacerna Puplesis, 1988), Stigmellanakamurai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 (= Stigmellapalionisi Puplesis, 1984), Nepticulaamseli Skala, 1941 (unavailable = Stigmellabirgittae Gustafsson, 1985), Stigmellacathepostis Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 (= Stigmellamicrotheriella (Stainton, 1854)), Stigmellapopulnea Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 (= Stigmellanivenburgensis (Preissecker, 1942)), Nepticulaobscurella Braun, 1912 (revised synonymy, = Stigmellamyricafoliella (Busck, 1900)), Nepticulamandingella Gustafsson, 1972 (= Stigmellawollofella (Gustafsson, 1972)), Stigmellarosaefoliellapectocatena Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979 (= Stigmellacentifoliella (Zeller, 1848)), Micropteryxpomivorella Packard, 1870 (= Stigmellaoxyacanthella (Stainton, 1854)), Stigmellacrataegivora Puplesis, 1985 (= Stigmellamicromelis Puplesis, 1985), Stigmellascinanella Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979 (= Stigmellapurpuratella (Braun, 1917)), Stigmellapalmatae Puplesis, 1984 (= Stigmellafilipendulae (Wocke, 1871)), Stigmellasesplicata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 (= Stigmellalediella (Schleich, 1867)), Stigmellarhododendrifolia Dovnar-Zapolski & Tomilova, 1978 (unavailable, = Stigmellalediella (Schleich, 1867)), Stigmellaoa Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 (= Stigmellaspiculifera Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985), Stigmellagracilipae Hirano, 2014 (= Stigmellamonticulella Puplesis, 1984), Nepticulachaoniella Herrich-Schäffer, 1863 (= Stigmellasamiatella (Zeller, 1839)), Bohemanniapiotra Puplesis, 1984 (= Bohemanniapulverosella (Stainton, 1849)), Bohemannianipponicella Hirano, 2010 (= Bohemanniamanschurella Puplesis, 1984), Sinopticulasinica Yang, 1989 (= Glaucolepisoishiella (Matsumura, 1931)), Trifurculacollinella Nel, 2012 (= Glaucolepismagna (A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 1997)), Obrussatigrinella Puplesis, 1985 (= Etainiatrifasciata (Matsumura, 1931)), Microcalyptrisvittatus Puplesis, 1984 and Microcalyptrisarenosus Falkovitsh, 1986 (both = Acalyptrisfalkovitshi (Puplesis, 1984)), Ectoedemiacastaneae Busck, 1913, Ectoedemiaheinrichi Busck, 1914 and Ectoedemiahelenella Wilkinson, 1981 (all three = Zimmermanniabosquella (Chambers, 1878)), Ectoedemiachloranthis Meyrick, 1928 and Ectoedemiaacanthella Wilkinson & Newton, 1981 (both = Zimmermanniagrandisella (Chambers, 1880)), Ectoedemiacoruscella Wilkinson, 1981 (= Zimmermanniamesoloba (Davis, 1978)), Ectoedemiapiperella Wilkinson & Newton, 1981 and Ectoedemiareneella Wilkinson, 1981 (both = Zimmermanniaobrutella (Zeller, 1873)), Ectoedemiasimiligena Puplesis, 1994 (= Ectoedemiaturbidella (Zeller, 1848)), Ectoedemiaandrella Wilkinson, 1981 (= Ectoedemiaulmella (Braun, 1912)), Nepticulacanadensis Braun, 1917 (= Ectoedemiaminimella (Zetterstedt, 1839)), Opostegarezniki Kozlov, 1985 (= Opostegacretatella Chrétien, 1915), Pseudopostegacyrneochalcopepla Nel & Varenne, 2012 (= Pseudopostegachalcopepla (Walsingham, 1908)). Stigmellacaryaefoliella (Clemens, 1861) and Zimmermanniabosquella (Chambers, 1878) are taken out of synonymy and re-instated as full species. Lectotypes are designated for Trifurculaobrutella Zeller, 1873 and Nepticulagrandisella Chambers, 1880.
... Much later, five further species were reported from Peru and two from Guyana by Meyrick (1915); however, one of the Guyanese species {Enteucha cyanochlora)was placed in the Lyonetiidae and only recognized as nepticulid some 70 years later (Davis, 1984;. During the last seven to eight decades there have been practically no investigations of Neotropical Nepticulidae, except R. PUPLESIS AND G.S. ROBINSON for isolated descriptions of a few new species from Puerto Rico (Forbes & Leonard, 1930) and Argentina (Meyrick, 1931;Bourquin, 1962) and a few relatively recent discoveries in Florida (Davis, 1978;Wilkinson, 1981) of species with Neotropical affinities (Fig. 1). Stigmella plumosetaeella was described by Newton & Wilkinson (1982) from Arizona, USA, and here it is additionally recorded from south-western Mexico. ...
... These processes partially coalesce with the more dor sal uncus, and it is sometimes difficult to recognise two separate sclerites (Figs 120,126,129). The very unu sual gnathos in Manoneura (Figs 84,86) has been misinterpreted as a complex structure comprising gnathos+uncus as a single fused sclerite (Davis, 1978). Together with the tegumen, the gnathos surrounds the tuba analis. ...
... Enteucha Meyrick, 1915(= Johanssonia Borkowski, 1972; Artaversala Davis, 1978). Type species: Enteuchacyanochlora Meyrick, 1915. ...
... -Widely distributed in southern Europe with northern limit approximately along southern slopes of Alps and along Danube. Meyrick,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]56,77,[83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102] Enteucha Meyrick, 1915: 241. Type-species: Enteucha cyanochlora Meyrick, 1915: 241, by monotypy. ...
... Oligoneura Davis, 1978b: 21 7. Type-species: Oligoneura basidactyla Davis, 1978b: 21 8, by original designation and monotypy (Synonymised by Van Nieukerken, 1986: 7). Artaversala Davis, 1978b: 219. Type-species: Artaversala gilvafascia Davis, 1978b: 221, by original designation and monotypy (Synonymised by Van Nieukerken, 1986: 7). ...
... When comparing the descriptions of these three genera and the redescription of Enteucha cyanochlora by Davis (1985) the proposed genus seems to be a rather heterogenous assemblage of a few aberrant Nepticulini. However, in closer examination, there are several striking similarities in the venation, male genitalia and biology, as already noted by Davis (1978b). The discovery of a group of undescribed species in east Asia, mining Polygonum, which share characters either with the European acetosae or the Nearctic species, made it likely that all these Polygonaceaefeeding species belong to one nlonophyletic taxon. ...
A revised classification of the Holarctic genera of Nepticulidae is provided. Eight genera belonging to the nominal subfamily are recognised and redefined. They are Enteucha Meyrick (= Johanssonia Borkowski, Artaversala Davis, Oligoneura Davis), Stigmella Schrank (including Astigmella Puplesis), Simplimorpha Scoble in the Nepticulini and Acalyptris Meyrick ( = Microcalyptris Braun, Niepeltia Strand), Trifurcula Zeller, Parafomoria Van Nieukerken, Bohemannia Stainton and Ectoedemia Busck in the Trifurculini. Trifurcula is divided into the subgenera Glaucolepis Braun (= Fedalmia Beirne), Levarchama Beirne and Trifurcula s.str. Ectoedemia is divided into the subgenera Etainia Beirne, Fomoria Beirne, Laqueus Scoble, Zimmermannia Hering and Ectoedemia s.str. The genera and subgenera are (re)described and data on biology and distribution are given. The species Simplimorpha promissa (Staudinger) and Acalyptris psammophricta Meyrick are redescribed. A phylogeny of the family in cladistic sense is presented and discussed. The monophyly of Ectoedemia is uncertain, and monophyly of the subgenus Fomoria could not be demonstrated. Current opinions about the phylogenetic position of the Nepticulidae and the division of the Heteroneura are reviewed and discussed. The biogeography and hostplant relationships of the family are reviewed.
Nepticulidae-: Key-to-genera-and-subgenera, Holarctic-, Adult-males-and-females, p.-41;
Nepticulidae: Revision;
Acalyptris-Meyrick-1921 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Emended-diagnosis, P.-59;
Acalyptris-psammophricta-Meyrick-1921 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Redescription-, Female-, p.-62;
Bohemannia-Stainton-1859 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Emended-diagnosis, P.-72;
Ectoedemia-Busck-1907 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Emended-diagnosis, P.-75;
Nepticulini- ( Nepticulidae- ) : Emended-diagnosis, P.-44;
Parafomoria-van-Nieukerken-1983 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Emended-diagnosis, P.-72;
Simplimorpha-Scoble-1983 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Emended-diagnosis, P.-45;
Simplimorpha-promissa ( Staudinger-1870 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Redescription-, P.-46;
Stigmella-Schrank-1802 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Emended-diagnosis, P.-55;
Trifurcula-Zeller-1848 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Emended-diagnosis, P.-63;
Trifurculini- ( Nepticulidae- ) : Emended-diagnosis, P.-58;
Enteucha-Meyrick-1915 ( Lyonetiidae- ) : Emended-diagnosis, P.-49
... Manoneura basidactyla (Davis, 1978) (Figs 6,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)21) Oligoneura basidactyla Davis, 1978: 218- Forewing basal three-fifths to fascia metallic grey to ochreous cream (Amazonian specimen) with or with out (Amazonian specimen) distinctive blue-green and some indistinct purplish reflection; entire forewing of Amazonian specimen, or, in Belize specimens, narrow area along costa, particularly before fascia and on tornus, and area beyond fascia with ochreous cream scales; distinct postmedian fascia oblique, fuscous brown, but weakly defined in Amazonian specimen; ...
... Stigmella gossypii Forbes &Leonard, 1930 andDavis, 1978 Euphorbiaceae Acalypha Stigmella montanolropica Bourquin, 1962 Fabaceae ...
... Distribution (Fig. 1). (Davis, 1978) Microcalyptris tenuijuxtus Davis 1978: 216-217. Host plant. ...
We list all 56 currently known Acalyptris Meyrick species from North and South America, designate five new species groups, and provide pictorial diagnostics for all nine revised species groups of the American fauna. We describe seven new species: A. marmor Stonis & Diškus, sp. nov., A. barbudo Stonis & Remeikis, sp. nov., A. jareki Stonis & Diškus, sp.
nov., A. hilli Stonis & Diškus, sp. nov., A. mortalis Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., A. hyacinthum Stonis & Vargas, sp. nov., and A. extremus Stonis & Diškus, sp. nov. We provide new data on morphology, biology or distribution for the following species: A. murex Diškus & Stonis, A. hispidus Puplesis & Robinson, A. trifidus Puplesis & Robinson, A. bifidus Puplesis
& Robinson, A. terrificus Šimkevičiūtė & Stonis, and particularly A. yucatani Remeikis & Stonis. We transfer Fomoria miranda Diškus & Stonis to Acalyptris and provide the first photographic documentation of A. novenarius Puplesis & Robinson, A. fortis Puplesis & Robinson, A. martinheringi Puplesis & Robinson, A. basihastatus Puplesis & Diškus, A.
pseudohastatus Puplesis & Diškus, A. articulosus Puplesis & Diškus, A. bovicorneus Puplesis & Diškus, and A. insolentis Puplesis & Diškus. We also comment on the re-deposition of some type series to the collection of the Zoological Museum of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen.
... In the current paper we report the first record of Manoneura basidactyla (Davis), a species originally described from Florida, USA (Davis, 1978(Davis, , 1979 Among seven Nepticulidae species col lected during the fieldwork in Valle del Cauca, four species were recognized as new taxa. Two new species, including the species on Gliricidia sepium, Fabaceae (Fig. 18), belong to the ge nus Acalyptris Meyrick, the second diverse and widespread Nepticulidae genus in the low land habitats of the Neotropics (Stonis et al., in preparation). ...
We summarize the results of the fieldwork conducted in southwestern Colombia in 2019 and report on new taxa discovered in Colombia. We provide a description of Stigmella foreroi Stonis & Vargas, sp. nov., recently discovered in the Valle del Cauca region, and encourage further research into the Colombian fauna.
... Much later, five additional species were reported from Peru and two from Guyana by Meyrick (1915); however, one of the Guyanese species (Enteucha cyanochlora) was placed in the Lyonetiidae and only recognized as nepticulid some 70 years later (Davis 1984(Davis , 1985. Until the first monographic review of the known Neotropical fauna with the documentation of 37 new taxa from Belize, Peru and Argentina by Puplesis & Robinson (2000) there have been practically no investigations of Neotropical Nepticulidae, except for isolated descriptions of a few new species from Puerto Rico (Forbes & Leonard 1930) and Argentina (Meyrick 1931;Bourquin 1962) and a few relatively recent discoveries in Florida (Davis 1978;Wilkinson 1981) of species with Neotropical affinities. Stigmella plumosetaeella was described by Newton & Wilkinson (1982) from Arizona, USA, and Puplesis & Robinson (2000) later recorded the species from southwestern Mexico. ...
Ten new Stigmella Schrank species are described: Stigmella purpurimaculae Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., S. cana Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., S. truncata Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., S. sceptra Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., S. concreta Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., S. pseudoconcreta Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., S. quadrata Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. (all belonging to the newly designated S. purpurimaculae group), and S. semilactea Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., S. brutea Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., S. pseudodigitata Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. (not attributed to a species group) are described from the Andes (Patagonia: Argentina and Chile). For the species of the purpurimaculae group, a partial reduction of phallus, dentate cornuti, and strong development of utriculus (which can be equal or longer of the corpus bursae) are characteristic. Some of the species of the purpurimaculae group were collected near Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. & Endl.) Krasser, Nothofagaceae, but there is still no confirmation that Nothofagus is a host-plant. All new Stigmella species are illustrated with photographs and drawings of the adults and genitalia.
This paper describes two new species of Brachinepticula Stonis & Diškus: B. melania Remeikis, Mey & Stonis, sp. nov. and B. colombica Remeikis, Mey & Stonis, sp. nov. Both the new species were collected in the Northern Andean Páramo (Cundinamarca, Colombia). Since the specimens were caught at night-time with a light trap, the host plants remain unknown. The examination of the morphology of the male genitalia of B. melania and female genitalia of B. colombica revealed a highly distinctive new taxa of pygmy moths and broadened our knowledge of the morphology and distribution of the recently described endemic genus Brachinepticula Diškus & Stonis. The examination of the new findings also allowed us updating the diagnosis of Brachinepticula. The new species were illustrated with photographs of the genitalia, adults, and habitats.
The publication deals with 228 species of Nepticulidae (or pygmy moths) from the Neotropics (i.e., the Neotropical and Ando-Patagonian regions) and adjacent areas. The species are illustrated with photographs or drawings of adult forewings, the male genitalia and, if available, leaf mines. In addition to the illustrated species review, the monograph announces about the launching of the first electronic diagnostic system (a free electronic tool on the internet) designed for the identification of species of Nepticulidae and includes chapters on the global biodiversity inventory, the collecting of adults and larvae of pygmy moths, preparation of micro-mounts of genitalia structures of Nepticulidae, global generic composition of the family, some particularities of Nepticulidae biology, a unique morphology guide based on the forewing pattern and male genitalia, descriptions of four newly named species, and a taxonomic checklist of the species currently known from the Neotropics and adjacent areas.
A revision of the fifty-one species of the genus Stigmella from North America is presented. Thirty-one species are recorded only from the U.S.A., seventeen species and one subspecies from the U.S.A. and Canada and three species and one subspecies are known only from Canada. Five species are new: Stigmella inconspicuella (U.S.A., California); S.heteromelis (California); S.sclerostylota (Arkansas); S.longisacca (California) and S.plumosetaeella (Arizona). Life histories, mine characteristics and larval habits are given where known. These are collated from field study, material examined, breeding records and the literature. A list of host plants is also provided.
A neotype is designated for Nepticula prunifoliella Clemens, previously considered to be possibly dipterous.
Although most Stigmella species have different genital morphology, some pairs of species do not. In these pairs, however, external features and characteristics of the mine often differ – some pairs also differ in distribution or season. The taxonomic implications are discussed in the individual treatments – not all the problems, however, can be resolved without further rearing studies and collection. Species-groups have been designated on the basis of morphology. Some species are, however, structurally intermediate between species-groups and others may resemble Ectoedemia Busck in aspects of the male genitalia while their female genitalia, external features and venation are typical of Stigmella.
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