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Ethical Issues in Goal Conflict: A Continuing Problem for Policy Analysis
Abstract
During the past several years policy analysis has emerged from the social sciences as a major focus of research activity. That heritage has positive consequences, as in the powerful methodology it has Word to the study of discrete policy problems, but there are negative consequences as well. One specific problem is the support it gives to an epistemology which eschews analysis of the kind of normative Word which is central to policy making. We first briefly explore the pervasiveness of such discourse Word policy formulation, implementation and evaluation; then outline some notions useful in understanding the nature and conduct of that normative discourse, including its resolution; next, examples are provided showing how the notions we offer can be usefully applied in policy analysis; and, finally, we Word to some potential objections to our formulation.
... Policy dilemmas appear when policy strategies consistent with one end involve actions that are inconsistent with other aims. Decision-makers deal with dilemmas every time they introduce measures to address one problem, which cause the amplification of other important problems (Cohen and Paris, 1982). Furthermore, policy dilemmas are nothing new, they simply reflect well-known goal conflicts based on the positions of different actors. ...
It is known that current patterns of transport are not sustainable. Greenhouse gas emissions contribute to climate change, while the sector's oil dependency is a threat for the security of energy supply. In order to improve the sustainability of the sector, the Directive 2003/30/EC was adopted. The directive promotes the use of fuels from biomass for transport purposes and establishes reference consumption targets. However, the Member States are responsible for the implementation of the Directive. As described in the progress reports of the Member States submitted to the European Commission in 2004 and 2005, the implementation process has not been effective. The overall aim of this paper is to suggest how the implementation process in the MS could be improved. For this purpose, policy opportunities and barriers are identified and policy changes are recommended. The analysis of existing and emergent opportunities and barriers suggests that the European Union policy for biofuels must be revised. Policy changes should include mandatory targets, the exclusion of tax incentives in favour of biofuels, the removal of import duties on biofuels, in addition to investments in advanced biofuels and redistributive measures in favour of the agricultural sector. Although effective, these measures are radically different from the current policy strategy. Their adoption is therefore considered problematic.
The investment and mortgage policies and practices of the British building societies affect individuals, neighbourhoods and the economy. Their activities have been subject to serious criticisms. Building societies, however, are scarcely accountable to their members, despite their position as‘mutual’ organizations; nor are they politically accountable to the electors through the government. The British building societies present a public interest problem. This article questions whether and how they ought to be made accountable for their actions in order to ensure that they further the public interest.
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