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Frontiers of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2015, Vol. 1, No. 1, 31-36
Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/faac/1/1/4
© Science and Education Publishing
DOI:10.12691/faac-1-1-4
Theory of Everything
Zhiliang Cao1,2, *, Henry Gu Cao3, Wenan Qiang4
1Wayne State University, 42 W Warren Ave, Detroit
2Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
3Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
4Northwestern University, 303 E Superior, Chicago IL 60611
*Corresponding author: williamcao12252000@yahoo.com
Received December 26, 2014; Revised January 29, 2015; Accepted February 01, 2015
Abstract A theory of everything (ToE) or final theory, ultimate theory, or master theory is a hypothetical single,
all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework of physics that fully explains and links together all physical
aspects of the universe. As Newton, Einstein, and the Standard Model failed to provide such framework, Unified
Field Theory (UFT) is the best framework so far. UFT gave Physics a new definition: “A natural science that
involves the study of motion of space-time-energy-force to explain and predict the motion, interaction and
configuration of matter.” The Torque Grid is the fundamental unit of universe. It is driven from gravity forces as
result of space-time-energy-force unification. UFT deduces major Physics theories in no time. UFT unifies four
major forces by resonance conditions with help of an arbitrary 3D prime wave model in which the twist/stretch ratio
is 137. The resonance condition (distortion equals original size) of the Gravity force decides the size of universe and
UFT concludes that the Grand universe is hierarchical. UFT builds foundation of Chemistry and Material Science
with the help of predicted octahedron proton topology: proton/neutron pilings form nuclei; octahedron proton and
electron interactions create cubic atoms; electron orbit overlapping decides crystal structure; electron and proton
Torque and asymmetrical electron collision twist DNA. There are many UFT related papers we previously published.
This paper provides main ideas of UFT papers in hopping that scientists can understand UFT better. This paper will
further remove the doubts scientists have regarding the merits of the UFT theory as Theory of Everything (ToE), the
final theory of the Physics.
Keywords: nuclear physics, theory of everything, particle physics, astronomy, DNA, biology
Cite This Article: Zhiliang Cao, Henry Gu Cao, and Wenan Qiang, “Theory of Everything.” Frontiers of
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, vol. 1, no. 1 (2015): 31-36. doi: 10.12691/faac-1-1-4.
1. Introduction
Which theory provides the foundation of physics, the
Theory of Relativity, the Big-Bang, or the Standard Model?
None of these existing theories can truly serve as the
foundation of physics, because they cannot answer the
fundamental questions, such as why positive and negative
charges exist, why quantum numbers exist, and why
electron has mass and never decays. In fact, the
fundamental questions are ignored because they are
simply too hard to answer. As the result, questionable
theories are accepted as laws of physics. In order to
correct the faulty theories and provide a real foundation,
UFT [1,2-9] answers the fundamental questions. It starts
from space-time-energy-force, the common root for
everything, conceptual or physical.
Physics theories have become increasingly complex.
The complexities give impression that physics is making
good progress. These theories appeal to many people who
enjoy progress. At the mean while, physics is moving side
way from the true foundation, the theory that has a simple
and clear starting point of space-time-energy-force.
The proposed Theory of Everything (ToE) is the all-
encompassing of the theory built on the foundation of
space, time, energy and force to explain and predict the
motion, interaction and configuration of matter.
2. Torque and 3D Movements
UFT [1,2-9] studies arbitrary 3D motion in space and
time. There are two possible arbitrary 3D movements, S
twist and Z twist while straight line and circular
movements are a 1D movement and a 2D movement
respectively. Only the following twists are true 3D
movements:
Figure 1. Torques
32 Frontiers of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
One can choose three directions in a 3D coordinate
system and use a String unit length to form a cube. A
Torque Grid system emerges:
Figure 2. Torque Grid
Figure 2 has a single Torque Grid with a single Torque
cycle. To make it easier to remember the movement of the
Torque String, this theory assumes that the main Torque
String movements in the vacuum of the universe are right-
handed. Positive charge has right-handed static Torque,
while negative charge has left-handed static Torque.
A free Torque movement goes in all directions. The
positive and negative charge is result of such 3D arbitrary
motion:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
3*5*8
3*5
3*5
Simplify
Figure 3. Arbitrary Torque Movement
As an energy carrying Torque movement creates a
distortion of unit one, it moves in one direction and it
makes its background moves backwards. The relative
movement to the moving back ground is two. As
interactive waves resonance with one another [1] and
follow the Fibonacci sequence: 2, 3, 5, 8 ,…
2 is the relative distortion, 3*5 three axes energy, 8 is 8
faces of octahedron. An imaginary arbitrary Torque wave
moves through each 8 points of cubic. When it comes
back to the starting point, it gets 2 unit of distortion. Based
on the simplified curve, the energy of the Torque curve is
summation of three axes:
2 3*5 3*5*8 137
(1)
It means that the Torque rotation distortion and stretch
distortion has ratio of 137 when they are in resonance.
3. Energy and Gravity
Energy is a result of Torque Grids’ twisting distortion
[1] when space and time are not evenly distributed. There
are two types of distortions, one is twisting distortion, and
another is stretching distortion.
The energy is proportional to the stretching and
compression of Torque Grids [1]. The energy differences
for same matter in space lead to gravity [1]:
2
F mc *dD /ds
(2)
Or,
2
2
F mc * dD /c / ds /c
F mc *dT /dt
(3)
Stretching and compression distortion of Torque Grids
do not introduce energy in a vacuum, while the twisting
distortion of Torque Grids has energy. Electron-magnetic
waves are twisting distortion of the Torque Grids moving
at the speed of light c.
4. Electron and Electromagnetic Fields
Torque Grids’ twist distortion is the basic energy form.
When a Torque Grids’ twist distortion resonates with
Torque Grids, the twist distortion stops light speed
movements by forming a twist residue. A stable residue
with the lowest possible energy has one Torque Grid twist
distortion. The residue is an electron (or positron), or unit
charge.
The Torque distortion extends itself outside of unit
charge to form electronic fields. The movement of an
electron changes the direction of electronic fields’ vector
to form a magnetic field.
When the charged particle moves or circles in an inert
reference, the electronic force vector starts to rotate
relative to a point in the reference. The magnetic field
represents the electron vectors’ rotating movements.
+-
Figure 4. Torque in Religious Symbols
The density of the rotating lines (assume that each line
has the same strength) and the rotating speed determines
the strength of the magnetic field. The next diagram
studies a circling positively charged object with the
following characteristics:
V
r
Figure 5. Rotating Charge
Frontiers of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology 33
v is the speed
Q is the amount of charge
r is the radius
is angular speed
B is the strength of the magnetic field
The strength of the magnetic field is:
B Qv / r
Or
Br Qv
Or
QB
Now we will use the Torque Theory to derive Ampère's
circuital law equation.
In the above diagram, the magnetic field along point x
at point A created by the charge at point P is:
)/()/1)(/1( 222222 yxQvyxyxQv
Assume that the length of the wire is infinite. A unit
length has Q0 charge, then v=1/t. The magnetic field will
be:
x
y
d
x
y
vQ
x
dy
yx
vQ
2
0
22 0
1
1
Assume y/x =tan(t):
vQvdtQ
x
td
t
vQ
x0
2/
2/ 0
2/
2/ 2
01
))(tan(
))(tan(1
1
Since v=1/t, and the current I in Ampere’s can be
calculated with the following equation:
I Q/ t
We have:
xItxQxvQB //)/(/ 00
Or:
IxB 2
2
The above equation can be generalized as:
sfdSJBdl 0
(3)
The above equation is the Ampère's circuital law.
5. Unified Fields
5.1. Fine Structure Constant
In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as
Sommerfeld's constant, commonly denoted , is a
fundamental physical constant, namely the coupling
constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic
interaction between elementary charged particles. Being a
dimensionless quantity, it has the same numerical value in
all systems of units. Arnold Sommerfeld introduced the
fine-structure constant in 1916.
The currently accepted value of constant is
7.29735257×10-3 and 1/ = 137.036.
The UFT uses a mathematical formula (1) to interpret
integer part of constant 137 instead of experimental driven
and consider the fraction 0.036 a square vs. circular shape
correction [1,2].
The formula represents relationship between stretch
distortion and twist distortion. The formula also provides a
logical explanation on such constant. Amazingly, such
wave formula gets a prime number as total.
Since the twist distortion is one Torque Grid size, the
stretch distortion is 1/137 of Torque Grid size. The
smaller Grid with 1/137 of regular Grid size is called Sub-
Grid.
5.2. Strong Forces and Weak Forces
In the particle, the stretch distortion for same unit
charge can be N electron distortion (1/137) as stretch
distortion needs to resonance with the Sub-Grid size.
When N = 137, the stretch distortion resonance with the
Torque Grid and Sub-Grid, the associated force is the
strong force, 137 times energy of electron.
At range 1/137 of electron, the imaginary charge wave
curve length resonance with the Sub-Grid size, the energy
is (1/137)*(1/137) of electron, the associated force is the
weak force.
5.3. Fraction of Weak Waves
When waves resonate with one another, the weak wave
is divided further:
n
i
S
1
*137*137
1
When waves are dissonant with one another, the wave
interaction are compounded:
y
i
x
i
Q
P
1
1
In order to properly predict the mass of the particles,
the above interactions are considered to provide the
calculation of the particle mass much precise as compared
to standard model [10-13].
6. Topology of Nuclei
Figure 6. 31Phosphorus
34 Frontiers of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
A nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons. Both
proton and neutron share the same octahedron shape.
Octahedron protons and neutrons pile themselves up to
make a nucleus. The configuration of proton/neutron
octahedron pile decides the characteristics of a nucleus.
One of the important prediction of UFT is the
configuration of Phosphorous.
Like other elements, Phosphorous’ nucleus collides
with electron. An electron and a positron have opposite
Torque movement. The figure 7 provides the annihilation
process from left to right and collision of electron on a
Phosphorous’ nucleus.
5,6
7,8
9,10
3,4
1,2 11
14
13
Electron
12
15
Figure 7. Annihilation Process and DNA Z Twist
The two twisting unit charge become two spinning
photon moving in opposite directions.
The spin motion of photon can only be meaningful
when charged particle is present. As Torque is relative, the
rotation direction of photon is different for different
charges.
An electron can collide with proton as if annihilation
occurs. When electron runs into Proton, it applies Z twists
to proton; when it comes out of Proton, it applies S twist
to Proton.
There are fifteen electrons for a Phosphorus atom. One
of electron is unpaired. The unpaired unstable electron can
twist the nucleus when nuclei are moving. The preferred
twisting direction is Z twist as collision twist and electron
twist (when run into the Proton) are in same Z twist
direction. This can be used to explain the Z twisting force
on the DNA [14,15-21] structure.
7. Hierarchical Universe
If there is a Torque Grid, then, is there anything inside
the Torque Grid? Is there a boundary for our visible
universe?
To answer the above questions, UFT logically induced
that the universe is hierarchical [3]. It can be infinitely
large, or infinitely small in size:
N2N3
1 N1
R R RL L L
N-2 N-1
N-2
R RL L L N4N5
N-3
N-4
Figure 8. Universe Torque Grid Hierarchy
The universe has a simple tree structure.
A tiny Grid represents a universe. Although our visible
universe is large to us, it is small Grid in a higher
hierarchy universe. Everything is connected in our
hierarchical unlimited universe.
Figure 9. Universe In Your Hand
8. Cubic Atom and Crystal
The shape of proton has great impact on the topology of
atom. Electron orbits, electron binding energy, Madelung
Rules, and Zeeman splitting, are associated with proton’s
octahedron shape and three nuclear structural axes. An
element will be chemically stable if the outmost s and p
clouds have eight electrons which make atom a
symmetrical cubic.
Figure 10. Octahedron Proton and Electron Movements
The crystal structures of the metals are related to the
electron configuration and their orbit angle to the vertical
line of the octahedron faces.
A
B
C
D
p cloud
d cloud
f cloud
Figure 11. Triangle Grids Location
A
Figure 12. Beryllium HCP Crystal
Frontiers of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology 35
The variation of crystal is result of eccentric cloud
parings. Fortunately, octahedron proton limit the possible
crystal structures.
One of interesting subjects is Lithium Phase Diagram.
bcc
fcc
hR9
hR1
Superconductor
cl16 oC88 oC40
oC24
Pressure (Pa)
Temperature (K)
20 40 60 80 100 120
400
200
Figure 13. Lithium Phase Diagram
For Li cl16 crystal, each face of octahedron nucleus has
two coupling atoms. Li cl16 has superconductivity in low
temperature. Li crystal has electron coupling in Figure 14
stabilized in low temperature. The external magnetic fields
can shift the electron orbit lines. New looping structure
with large diameter can be formed as magnetic fields are
not too strong and atom movement is relatively slow. The
resonance loop of electron converses energy is the reason
behind superconductivities. Hofstadter’s Butterfly [22,23-
32] was observed experimentally and confirmed the
possibility of looping electron, even though
superconductivity looping is not observed so far.
Figure 14. cl16 Superconducting Topology
In Figure 14, the large loop on the right hand side is
essential to maintain superconductivity phase. When the
wire thin enough, a large electron loop will not be possible.
The experimental results tell us that if the wire is thinner
than 10 nm, the cl16 superconductivity phase can hardly
be observed [33,34-45].
9. Conclusion
The universe is the unification of Space, Time, Energy
and Force modeled as Torque Grid. The Torque model
considers Sommerfeld's constant a ratio of twist distortion
and stretch distortion for a basic 3D Torque movement in
resonance. The values of the four fundamental forces are
determined by resonance condition of Torque movements.
The Torque energy wave resonance is also the reason
behind the existence of unit charge electron and sub-
atomic particles.
The predicted octahedron proton provided the insight
for nuclear topologies, cubic atom, crystal structure of
metals, DNA’s Z twist structure and superconductivity.
UFT also predicted that universe is composed of
hierarchical Torque Grids. Everything is connected
because lower universes are in your hand.
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