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Belief in Government Control and the Displaced Worker
Abstract
This study is concerned with the relationship between a worker's employment status and his degree of social integration, as indicated by his attitude toward the established economic order. Of seven independent variables, employment status was the weakest predictor of economic radicalism. Economic deprivation and educational level were the strongest.
The experiences of women and men workers displaced from jobs in 1989 by three plant closings in Indiana were examined. The focus was on three interrelated hypotheses concerning gender differences in the economic, psychological, and social effects of job loss. Questionnaires were sent to workers shortly after the closings and twelve months after the closings. Findings on economic effects indicated no gender difference in reemployment. When reemployed, both men and women suffered wage loss, but women lost less proportionately, due to their lower absolute wages prior to the closings. No gender differences were found in psychological effects and family relationships. Displaced women workers were somewhat more alienated from social institutions and more likely to support government actions to remedy unemployment.
The on-going change from Fordist to post (neo)-Fordist labor markets and job structures is representative of long-term, or secular, trends that result in relatively permanent structural changes to the macroeconomy. Underlying these trends are changes in commodity and financial markets, such as globalization, and the development of new technologies, such as computerization. But these secular trends are also punctuated by short-term economic trends: the cycles of market expansion and contraction that are endemic to all market economies. In the 40 year period from 1970 to 2010 that broadly encompasses the transition from Fordism to post (neo)-Fordism, the United States experienced six such economic cycles: (1) expansion from 1971 through 1973 and contraction in 1974–1975; (2) expansion from 1975 through 1979 and contraction in 1980; (3) expansion from late 1980 into 1981 and contraction in 1981–1982; (4) expansion from 1983 through 1990 and contraction in 1990–1991; (5) expansion from 1992 through 2000 and contraction in 2001–2002; (6) and expansion from 2003 through late 2007, ending with the contraction of the “Great Recession” that started in late 2007 (based on data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2008).
This study examined the relationship between the headquarters and the foreign subsidiaries of multinational corporations (MNCs). Hypotheses concerning the strategies pursued by each MNC, intergroup conflict, conflict management styles, integrating mechanisms, and the effectiveness of the headquarters-subsidiary relationship are developed and tested. There were no significant differences in the intergroup conflict experienced by subsidiaries pursuing different international strategies. However, effectiveness of the headquarters-subsidiary relationship was negatively related to intergroup conflict. The use of the avoiding style of conflict management was negatively related to the effectiveness of the headquarters-subsidiary relationship, as hypothesized. For MNCs pursuing global integration strategies, the use of personal integrating mechanisms and integrating conflict management styles were negatively related to intergroup conflict. For MNCs pursuing local responsiveness strategies, the use of bureaucratic integrating mechanisms and dominating conflict management styles were not negatively related to inter-group conflict. This ran counter to expectations. MNCs pursuing multi-focal strategies did not fit neatly into either strategy camp—global integration or local responsiveness.
The experiences of women and men workers displaced from jobs in 1989 by three plant closings in Indiana were examined. The focus was on three interrelated hypotheses concerning gender differences in the economic, psychological, and social effects of job loss. Questionnaires were sent to workers shortly after the closings and twelve months after the closings. Findings on economic effects indicated no gender difference in reemployment. When reemployed, both men and women suffered wage loss, but women lost less proportionately, due to their lower absolute wages prior to the closings. No gender differences were found in psychological effects and family relationships. Displaced women workers were somewhat more alienated from social institutions and more likely to support government actions to remedy unemployment.
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