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What is and What is understood by Orobanche foetida Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 195[-196] (1789)?
Abstract
After carefully reviewing its protologue and lectotype, it is con-cluded that Orobanche foetida Poir. (1789) is an earlier synonym of Orobanche variegata Wallr. (1825) and cannot be used for the western Mediterranean species to which in recent times it has been generally applied. Unless the conservation of that concept of the binomen Orobanche foetida is proposed and approved, that Iberian and North African plant must be called Orobanche hookeriana Ball. RESUMEN: ¿Qué es y que se entiende por Orobanche foetida Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 195[-196] (1789)? Tras un detenido estudio de su protólogo y lectótipo, se concluye que Orobanche foetida Poir. (1789) es un sinónimo prioritario de Oro-banche variegata Wallr. (1825) y no puede usarse para la especie del Mediterráneo occidental a la que en los últimos tiempos venía por lo general aplicándosele. Mien-tras la conservación en ese uso del binomen Orobanche foetida no sea propuesta y aprobada, esa especie ibérica y norteafricana debe llamarse Orobanche hookeriana Ball. Palabras clave: nomenclatura, Orobanche foetida, O. hookeriana, O. variegata, flora mediterránea, Orobanchaceae, jopo.
... earlier synonym of Orobanche variegata Wallr. (1825) and cannot be used for the western Mediterranean species to which in recent times it has been generally applied. Unless the conservation of that concept of the binomen Orobanche foetida is proposed and approved, that Iberian and North African plant must be called Orobanche hook eriana Ball." (cf. Carlón & al., 2015: 128-134). Domina & Raab-Straube, 2010); "G. Léothard (in litt.) pense que cette espèce a souvent éte confondue avec O. gracilis et que son aire de répartition est beaucoup plus restreinte" (cf. Habashi & Jeanmonod, 2008: 81). Iberian Peninsula distribution [in our opinion, it does not occur in the Iberian Peninsula, the old records see ...
Orobanche foetida Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 195[-196] (1789): Accepted Name - Basionymum / Basionym - Synonyms - Ind. loc. [Indicatio locotypica (type locality)] - Lectotypus [Lectotype] - Designated by - Host - Comments - Chromosomatic number - Ic. [Images] - Distribution - Specimens Examined - References
Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are obligate parasites that infect roots of dicotyledoneous plants. Orobanche spp. are particularly important in southern and eastern Europe, the Middle East, and north Africa. O. crenata causes severe damage to legume crops, O. cumana threatens sunflower, O. ramosa attacks potato, tobacco, tomato, and hemp, O. aegyptiaca is severe on legumes and vegetables, and other broomrapes such as O. minor are widespread on forage legumes (3). O. foetida Poir. is considered important as an agricultural parasite of faba bean (Vicia faba) and common vetch (V. sativa) crops in the Beja Region of Tunisia (1). Aside from that, it has never been found infecting crops, even where it is widely distributed in the western Mediterranean area (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia) parasitizing wild herbaceous leguminosae in the genera Anthyllis, Astragalus, Ebenus, Lotus, Medicago, Ononis, Scorpiurus, and Trifolium (2). In May 2004, we found O. foetida commonly occurring in Morocco infecting wild leguminosae. It was not seen infecting legume crops such as faba beans, chickpeas, or lentils, even where O. foetida was abundant in the close proximity to the crop fields, or in the field itself. In these instances, we verified that O. foetida was infecting weeds such as Scorpiurus spp. and not the crop plants themselves by gently pulling out the plants and examining the roots. However, O. foetida was identified infecting common vetch (V. sativa) on a small farm in Taounate, Saiss Region, 50 km north of Fes. Infection of vetch plants was confirmed by digging up the plants to verify the attachment of the broomrape plant to the vetch roots. The level of infection was moderate (0.1 to 0.2 broomrape plants per vetch plant). The farmer stated that he had observed this problem only in the last 3 years. Morphology was typical of O. foetida, i.e., dark reddish plant, 20 to 50 cm tall, corolla 12 to 20 mm, dark, purplish-red, lower lip not ciliate, filaments inserted 3 to 7 mm above base of corolla, and stigma deep yellow at anthesis (2). Voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of the University of Córdoba. To our knowledge, this is the first report of O. foetida infecting common vetch and it is relevant since it indicates the first introduction of this parasite into crops in Morocco. The spread of this new crop parasite population should be monitored because it could represent a further constraint for legume production in this area. References: (1) M. Kharrat et al. FABIS Newsl. 30:46, 1992. (2) A. J. Pujadas-Salvá. Pages 187-193 in: Resistance to Orobanche: The State of the Art. Junta de Andalucía, Spain, 1999. (3) D. Rubiales. Grain Legumes 33:10, 2001.
FOLEY, MJ.Y. (2001). Orobanchaceae in the "Flora iberica" area: new taxa, excluded taxa, and typification. Ana/es/ard. Bot. Madrid 58(2): 223-233. Two new Orobanche taxa are described: O. austrohispanica MJ.Y. Foley, and O. crinita Viv. var. occidentalis MJ.Y. Foley. Thirty-one species or subspecies of Orobanche and one species of Cistanche have been confirmed as being present within the Flora iberica area but some others previously recorded appear to have been so erroneously. In addition, Lathraea phelypaea L. {Cistanche phelypaea (L.) Cout.] and nine species of Orobanche (O. caryophyllacea Sm., O. cernua Loefl., O. elatior Sutton, O. gracilis Sm., O. ramosa L., O. reticulata Wallr., O. rosmarina Beck, O. schultzii Mutel y O. variegata Wallr.) are typified.
In the framework of the revision of the genus Orobanche (including Phelipaea) in the Mediterranean area, the original material for 31 names of new taxa described from North Africa by Ball, Battandier, Forsskål, Maire (partly with Emberger and Jahandiez), Persoon, Poiret and Pomel has been analysed. Typification is discussed, and where necessary types are designated. Accepted names and synonyms of the recognized taxa are given. Three species are illustrated, and one new combination (O. inexspectata) is proposed.