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Die purpurrote Rose aus Kairo war lila: Fehler bei der Übersetzung von Farbadjektiven (Deutsch-Englisch-Spanisch), deren Ursprung und Beispiele aus Fachtexten, Filmtiteln und Kunst
Abstract
Die Definition von Farben ist ein sehr subjektives Thema und erzeugt viele Mißverständnisse, besonders wenn man von einer Sprache in die andere geht. Zahl und Bedeutung von Farbadjektiven können in einer anderen Kultur unterschiedlich sein. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Ursprünge solcher Unterschiede zu erklären und an Hand von Beispielen häufige Übersetzungsfehler und -schwierigkeiten zu besprechen.
... Что касается цветообозначений в переводах художественных произведений на другие языки, то работ, связанных с этой проблематикой, довольно мало, и они в основном посвящены различиям в символике цвета в разных культурах и вызываемых этим трудностях перевода (Courtade 1996;Egbert 2002;Li 2011;Milosavljevic 2015;Rajaspera 1995). ...
Different languages have different colour palettes and different colour associations. Literary texts is an area, where colours play a special role. Preserving colour flavours of literary works in translation may therefore be difficult. In the first part of the article I examine the colour palettes of six Russian writers: Gogol′, Dostoevskij, Tolstoj, Čechov, Bulgakov and Pasternak. An analysis of the frequencies of colour terms shows that the writers have different attitudes to colours: to some of them colour is important (Bulgakov, Pasternak), while others pay less attention to it (Tolstoj, Dostoevskij); some authors do not have favourite colours (Gogol′, Čechov), others do have colour preferences (Bulgakov, Dostoevskij). In the second part of the paper, Finnish translations of the Russian works studied in the first part are examined with the same methods. The analysis reveals massive changes in the use of colour terms. Both colour repertoire and proportions of different colours change dramatically in the colour palettes of the translations. A case study of a parallel concordance for the word černyj ‘black’ in Bulgakov’s works shows that the main reason of the observed changes is the differences in the semantics of colour terms in Russian and Finnish.
The article discusses semantic change and lexical replacement processes in the color domain, based on color naming studies in seven Germanic languages (where diachronic intra-linguistic development is inferred from cross-linguistic synchronic studies) and from different generations of speakers in a single language (Swedish). Change in the color domain often begins and ends in conceptual peripheries, and I argue that this perspective is suitable for other semantic domains as well.
The aim of this thesis is to investigate lexical replacement processes from several complementary perspectives. It does so through three studies, each with a different scope and time depth.
The first study (chapter 3) takes a high time depth perspective and investigates factors that affect the rate (likelihood) of lexical replacement in the core vocabulary of 98 Indo-European language varieties through a multiple linear regression model. The chapter shows that the following factors predict part of the rate of lexical replacement for non-grammatical concepts: frequency, the number of synonyms and senses, and how imageable the concept is in the mind.
What looks like a straightforward lexical replacement at a high time depth perspective is better understood as several intertwined gradual processes of lexical change at lower time depths. The second study (chapter 5) narrows the focus to seven closely-related Germanic language varieties (English, German, Bernese, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, and Icelandic) and a single semantic domain, namely color. The chapter charts several lexical replacement and change processes in the pink and purple area of color space through experiments with 146 speakers.
The third study (chapter 6) narrows the focus even more, to two generations of speakers of a single language, Swedish. It combines experimental data on how the two age groups partition and label the color space in general, and pink and purple in particular, with more detailed data on lexical replacement and change from interviews, color descriptions in historical and contemporary dictionaries, as well as botanical lexicons, and historical fiction corpora.
This thesis makes a descriptive, methodological and theoretical contribution to the study of lexical replacement. Taken together, the different perspectives highlight the usefulness of method triangulation in approaching the complex phenomenon of lexical replacement.
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