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A new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae) from de río Iguazú basin, Argentina

Authors:
Jorge Casciotta at National University of La Plata
Jorge Casciotta
Adriana Almirón at National University of La Plata
Adriana Almirón
Sergio E. Gómez at National Scientific and Technical Research Council
Sergio E. Gómez
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Abstract and Figures

Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. is described from the río Iguazú basin above Iguazú falls. Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: 5–6 anal-fi n spines; 6–7 branched anal-fi n rays; caudal-peduncle length 8.9–11.8 % of SL; lips not thickened; lateral band formed by two series of scales, each of them with a dark spot in its centrum. Between both scales there is a narrow light area; dorsal, anal, caudal fi ns and opercle without dark spots. Resumen. Una nueva especie de Australoheros de la cuenca del río Iguazú en Argentina. En este trabajo se describe Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. de arroyos afl uentes del río Iguazú por encima de las cataratas del Iguazú. Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. se distingue de todos sus congéneres por la siguiente combinación de caracteres: 5 a 6 espinas en la aleta anal; 6 a 7 radios anales ramifi cados; longitud del pedúnculo caudal 8.9–11.8 en % de la longitud estándar; labios no engrosados; banda lateral formada por dos series longitudinales de escamas, cada escama con una mancha oscura en el centro dejando una angosta línea clara entre ellas; aletas dorsal, anal y caudal y opérculo sin manchas oscuras. Kurzfassung. Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. wird beschrieben aus dem Einzugsgebiet des río Iguazú oberhalb der Wasserfälle, Argentinien. Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. unterscheidet sich von den anderen Vertretern der Gattung durch folgende Kombination von Merkmalen: 5–6 Hartstahlen in der Anale; 6–7 geteilte Analstrahlen; Schwanzstielhöhe 8,9–11,8 % der Standardlänge; Lippen nicht verdickt; das Längsband wird von zwei Schuppenreihen gebildet, jede Schuppe besitzt im Zentrum einen dunklen Fleck, zwischen beiden Schuppen eine helle, schmale Zone; Dorsale, Anale, Caudale und Operculum ohne dunkle Flecken.
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77
Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 55
© Zoologische Abhandlungen, ISSN 0375-5231, Dresden 25.05.2006
: 77–83
: 77–83
A new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Perciformes:
Cichlidae) from the río Iguazú basin, Argentina
JORGE RAFAEL CASCIOTTA 1, ADRIANA EDITH ALMIRÓN 1 & SERGIO ENRIQUE
GÓMEZ 2
1 División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP,
Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: jrcas(at)fcnym.unlp.edu.ar
2 Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Av. Angel Gallardo 470,
C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: sgomez(at)macn.gov.ar
Abstract. Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. is described from the río Iguazú basin above Iguazú falls.
Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of
characters: 5–6 anal-fi n spines; 6–7 branched anal-fi n rays; caudal-peduncle length 8.9–11.8 % of
SL; lips not thickened; lateral band formed by two series of scales, each of them with a dark spot in
its centrum. Between both scales there is a narrow light area; dorsal, anal, caudal fi ns and opercle
without dark spots.
Resumen. Una nueva especie de Australoheros de la cuenca del río Iguazú en Argentina. En este
trabajo se describe Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. de arroyos afl uentes del río Iguazú por encima de
las cataratas del Iguazú. Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. se distingue de todos sus congéneres por la
siguiente combinación de caracteres: 5 a 6 espinas en la aleta anal; 6 a 7 radios anales ramifi cados;
longitud del pedúnculo caudal 8.9–11.8 en % de la longitud estándar; labios no engrosados; banda
lateral formada por dos series longitudinales de escamas, cada escama con una mancha oscura en
el centro dejando una angosta línea clara entre ellas; aletas dorsal, anal y caudal y opérculo sin
manchas oscuras.
Kurzfassung. Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. wird beschrieben aus dem Einzugsgebiet des río
Iguazú oberhalb der Wasserfälle, Argentinien. Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. unterscheidet sich von
den anderen Vertretern der Gattung durch folgende Kombination von Merkmalen: 5–6 Hartstahlen
in der Anale; 6–7 geteilte Analstrahlen; Schwanzstielhöhe 8,9–11,8 % der Standardlänge; Lippen
nicht verdickt; das Längsband wird von zwei Schuppenreihen gebildet, jede Schuppe besitzt im
Zentrum einen dunklen Fleck, zwischen beiden Schuppen eine helle, schmale Zone; Dorsale,
Anale, Caudale und Operculum ohne dunkle Flecken.
Key words. Perciformes, Cichlidae, systematics, Australoheros, new species, Argentina, río Iguazú
basin.
Introduction
The genus Cichlasoma SWAINSON was restricted to small group of species by KULLANDER (1983).
This genus excludes about 90 species mostly from Central America. The genus Australoheros
RICAN & KULLANDER, 2006 was established for the ‘Cichlasoma’-facetum-group and includes
A. facetus (JENYNS, 1842), A. scitulus (RÍCAN & KULLANDER, 2003), and A. tembe (CASCIOTTA
et al., 1995) (JENYNS, 1842; RICAN & KULLANDER, 2003; CASCIOTTA et al., 1995). Australoheros
facetus, has a widespread distribution, inhabiting the basins of the ríos Paraná, Uruguay and in
the Río de la Plata (CASCIOTTA, 1998). Australoheros scitulus is found in the tributaries of the
río Uruguay and Río de la Plata basin. Finally, Australoheros tembe inhabits streams fl owing
in the ríos Paraná and Uruguay.
The aim of this paper is to describe a new species of the genus Australoheros from the río
Iguazú basin above Iguazú falls in Argentina.
78 CASCIOTTA et al.: New Australoheros from río Iguazú basin.
Materials and methods
The specimens examined in this study were cleared and counterstained (C&S) following
TAYLOR & VAN DYKE (1985). Measurements were taken as straight line distances in mm,
using digital callipers to the nearest 0.1 mm, all measurements are expressed as percentages of
SL. Vertebral count includes the vertebrae corresponding to the complex centrum. Values of
holotype are indicated by an asterisk.
Material is deposited in the Asociación Ictiológica, La Plata, Argentina (AI); Facultad de
Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina (MLP); and Museo
Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Argentina (MACN-ict).
Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. (Figs 1–4, Tab. 1)
Material. Holotype. MACN-ict 8917, 94.0 mm SL, female, Argentina, Misiones, río Iguazú
basin, arroyo Ñandú, coll. D. Somay, January, 1983.
Paratypes. MTD F 28765–28766, 2 ex. 42.5–55.3 mm SL, Argentina, Misiones, río Iguazú
basin, arroyo Lobo (25°42’57”S–54°05’59”W), coll. M. Moreno, February, 2001. AI 194, 9 ex.,
1 (C&S) 28.0–75.7 mm SL, Argentina, Misiones, río Iguazú basin, arroyo Lobo (25°42’57”S-
54°05’59”W), coll. M. Moreno, February, 2001. AI 195, 1 ex., 89.2 mm SL, Argentina,
Misiones, río Iguazú basin, arroyo Yacuí at road 101 (25°36’00.37”S–54°08’24.61”W), coll.
D. Somay, 1983. AI 196, 1 ex., 32.8 mm SL, Argentina, Misiones, río Iguazú basin, arroyo
Deseado at road 101 (25°47’08.1”S–54°02’21.1”W), coll. M. Moreno, February, 2002.
Comparative material. Australoheros facetus (JENYNS, 1842): MACN-ict 2554, 10 ex.,
33.0–79.3 mm SL, Argentina, Salta, río Las Conchas. MLP 8568, 1 ex., 26.6 mm SL Argentina,
Corrientes, arroyo Las Piedritas. MLP 8569, 12 ex., 18.3–37.2 mm SL, Argentina, Corrientes,
creek about 1 km from Tres Bocas. MLP 8570, 1 ex., 40.2 mm SL, Argentina, Corrientes,
arroyo Payubre, close to Ita-Corá. MLP 2220, 7 ex., 19.1–58.6 mm SL, Argentina, Córdoba,
fl ood water in Barreto. MLP 2218, 1 ex., 47.9 mm SL, Argentina, Córdoba, Barreto. MLP
2600, 3 ex., 57.8–100.2 mm SL, Argentina, Córdoba, Río III from Almafuerte to Río III city.
MLP 2211, 4 ex., 21.2–48.4 mm SL, Argentina, Córdoba. MLP 2233, 11ex., 22.3–51.8 mm
SL, Argentina, Córdoba, Barreto. MLP 2502, 4 ex., 28.1–59.0 mm SL, Argentina, Córdoba,
fl ood water in Barreto. MLP 8571, 22 ex., 28.9–102.5 mm SL, Argentina, Córdoba, arroyo
El Durazno, close to Tanti. MLP 8572, 1 ex., 102.6 mm SL, Argentina, Córdoba, río Mina
Clavero. MLP 8575, 2 ex., 100.8–104.7 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Laguna de Lobos.
MLP 8576, 2 ex., 56.8–63.1 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires,Tandil City. MLP 6202, 1 ex.,
66.5 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Laguna de Monte. MLP 4748, 5 ex., 53.0–102.1 mm
SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, arroyo Pereyra. MLP 5633, 2 ex., 43.1–115.8 mm SL, Argentina,
Buenos Aires, Magdalena. MLP 1775, 4 ex., 82.3–150.5 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires,
Mercedes. MLP 6594, 18 ex., 48.5–138.2 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, arroyo Zapata,
close to La Plata city. MLP 1756, 12 ex., 33.9–88.4 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Isla
Martín García. MLP 6162, 1 ex., 101.7 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, río Quequén. MLP
6115, 4 ex., 124.2–151.4 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, San Nicolás. MLP 6290, 5 ex.,
181.0–202.1 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Laguna Vitel. MLP 8577, 2 ex., 26.2–30.3 mm
SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, arroyo Castelli, Punta Indio. MLP 8578, 3 ex., 31.9–53.6 mm
SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, arroyo Villoldo, Punta Indio. MLP 1219, 13 ex., 51.4–80.0 mm
SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Mercedes. MLP 1421, 14 ex., 27.5–87.0 mm SL, Argentina,
Buenos Aires, La Plata neighborhood. MLP 7700, 1 ex., 36.6 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos
Aires, Delta del Paraná. MLP 7735, 2 ex., 36.1–38.3 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, arroyo
Gallo Fiambre, Delta del Paraná. MLP 7808, 1 ex., 29.8 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, río
Matanza. MLP 6147, 38 ex., 30.3–100.6 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Los Talas ponds,
Berisso. MLP 7699, 13 ex., 27.4–47.9 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Plátanos. MLP 7680,
4 ex., 23.5–34.5 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, arroyo Caraguatá, Delta del Paraná. MLP
79
Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 55
6306, 13 ex., 31.3–90.9 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Los Talas ponds, Berisso. MLP
7697, 18 ex., 20.4–34.4 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Delta del Paraná. MLP 4521, 45
ex., 36.3–189.9 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Los Talas ponds, Berisso. MACN-ict 5202,
1 ex., 61.0 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, arroyo Frías, Mercedes. MACN-ict 3270, 2 ex.,
116–129.8 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, arroyo Manzanares. MACN-ict 6524, 1 ex.,
37.5 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, La Plata city. MLP 5534, 6 ex., 136.6–194.7 mm
SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Laguna Chascomús. MLP 6262, 15 ex., 33.3–196.6 mm SL,
Argentina, Buenos Aires, Laguna de Monte. MLP 6016, 14 ex., 76.3–142.9 mm SL, Argentina,
Buenos Aires, arroyo Correa. MLP 2512, 8 ex., 79.8–198.0 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos
Aires, Tandil city. MLP 8606, 1 ex., 102.7 mm SL, Argentina, Buenos Aires, río Quequén.
AI 197, 2 ex., 93.0–109.1 mm SL, Uruguay, Maldonado, Laguna del Diario. AI 198, 2 ex.,
107.4–111.2 mm SL, Uruguay, Maldonado, Arroyo Potrero, Laguna del Sauce. Australoheros
tembe (CASCIOTTA et al., 1995): MLP 9059, (holotype) 118.3 mm SL, Argentina, Misiones,
arroyo Urugua-í, above Salto del Urugua-í, at “Alto Paraná” company fi elds.
Diagnosis. Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners by the following
combination of characters: 5–6 anal-fi n spines; 6–7 branched anal-fi n rays; caudal-peduncle
length 8.9–11.8 % of SL; lips not thickened; in preserved specimens lateral band formed by
two series of scales, each scale bears a dark spot in the centrum, between both scales there is a
light narrow area; dorsal, anal and caudal fi ns, and opercle without dark spots.
Description. Morphometrics of holotype and 12 paratypes are presented in table 1. Body
moderately deep and laterally compressed (Fig. 1). Head profi le between tip of snout and orbit
straight, slightly concave in front of orbit. Above orbits, profi le coming up until dorsal-fi n
origin. Dorsal-fi n base slightly curved, progressively descending from origin to end. Ventral
profi le slightly curved. Orbit placed below dorsal head profi le. Nostrils closer to anterior
margin of orbit than tip of snout.
Mouth terminal, distal tip of maxilla not reaching vertical tangent to anterior margin of orbits.
Lips not thickened, without fl eshy folds.
Dorsal-fi n origin placed before level of posterior margin of opercle.
1
2
Fig. 1. Australoheros kaaygua sp. n., holotype: MACN-ict 8917, 94.0 mm SL, Argentina, Misiones,
río Iguazú basin, arroyo Ñandú.
80 CASCIOTTA et al.: New Australoheros from río Iguazú basin.
Twenty fi ve (8*) or 26 (6) scales in lateral row. Scales on head and chest ctenoid, smaller
than those of fl anks. Posterior prepelvic scales cycloid and ctenoid. Cheek scales cycloid and
smaller than those of fl anks. Cheek scales forming 3 (1), 4 (7), 5 (1) oblique series. Scales
on the opercular, subopercular, and interopercular cycloid. Upper lateral line 13 (1), 14 (1),
15 (1), 16 (6*), 17 (3), 18 (2). Lower lateral line 7 (2), 8 (2), 9 (2), 10 (2), 11 (6*); scales
continuing onto caudal fi n 1 (3), 2 (2).
Dorsal-fi n rays XV,8 (1); XV,9 (2); XVI,7 (1); XVI,8 (8); XVI,9 (1*); XVII,9 (1). Dorsal and
anal fi ns with ctenoid scales on basal third. Dorsal fi n scaled from 13th.–15th. spine to 5th.–9th.
branched ray. Caudal-fi n scales ctenoid, covering about 50 % of fi n length. First anal-fi n spine
placed opposite to 13th. dorsal spine. Anal-fi n rays V,7 (2); VI,6 (7); VI,7 (5*). Anal fi n scaled
from 5th. or 6th. spine to the end of the fi n. Caudal fi n with distal margin curved. Pectoral fi n
reaching vertical of anus. Pectoral-fi n rays 12 (9) or 13 (5*). Distal tip of pelvic fi n reaching
or surpass anal-fi n origin.
External gill-rakers on fi rst ceratobranchial 6. Microbranchiospines present on external sides
from second to fourth ceratobranchials.
Teeth of jaws caniniform, with recurved tips; those of outer series stronger than those of
inner ones (Fig. 2). Teeth in outer hemiseries of upper/lower jaw 11/14–15; 3 inner series
symphysially. Lower pharyngeal tooth-plate stout, with molariform teeth close to sagital axis
(Fig. 3). Frayed zone in upper pharyngeal tooth-plate with several concavities (more than
3). Each fourth ceratobranchial bears only one toothed patch. Vertebrae 13+13 (1). Twelve
pterygiophores in anal fi n.
Color in alcohol. Ground color of body brownish or grayish, yellowish ventrally. Flanks
with seven vertical bars of two scales width between dorsal-fi n origin and base of caudal fi n.
First vertical bar at dorsal-fi n origin, last one on caudal peduncle. Head dark brownish, with
two inconspicuous bands, on nape and interorbital. Lateral band two scales wide, formed by
two series of scales, the lower of them corresponds to lower lateral line and the other series is
placed just above it. Each scale bears a dark spot in the centrum; between both series of scales
there is a light narrow area.
Intersections of lateral band with transverse bars sometimes with lateral spot, that at intersection
of 4th vertical bar and lateral band larger and occupying fi ve or six scales. Caudal spot at base
on caudal fi n elongated dorsad-ventrad, in the holotype rather subcircular. All fi ns except
pectorals dusky.
Holotype Range Mean SD
Standard length (mm) 94.0 28.0–48.1
Head length 36.1 35.2–38.4 37.0 1.02
Snout length 12.6 8.9–13.0 10.9 1.16
Body depth 46.7 40.7–46.7 43.8 1.71
Orbital diameter 9.9 9.8–12.9 11.2 1.19
Head width 21.1 17.9–23.4 19.6 1.40
Interorbital width 15.1 10.1–15.1 11.7 1.42
Preorbital depth 11.0 7.3–11.0 8.9 1.25
Caudal peduncle depth 17.6 13.9–17.6 16.2 1.00
Caudal peduncle length 11.6 8.9–11.0 10.4 0.79
Pectoral-fin length 29.3 27.3–31.7 29.0 1.38
Pelvic-fin length 35.3 26.4–35.3 28.8 2.81
Table 1. Proportional measurements in percents of standard length of holotype and 12 paratypes
of Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. SD= standard deviation. The holotype is included in calculated
values.
81
Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 55
Etymology. The specifi c epithet kaaygua is in honor of the Ka’aygua people (Guaraní group)
who, in the 16th Century, refused the domination of Jesuit Missions.
Distribution. Australoheros kaaygua sp. n. is known from streams fl owing in the río Iguazú
basin above the Iguazú falls (Fig. 4).
Remarks. The following species of Australoheros from the Río de la Plata basin are consi-
dered valid: A. facetus (JENYNS, 1842), A. scitulus (RÍCAN & KULLANDER, 2003), and A. tembe
(CASCIOTTA et al., 1995). Australoheros facetus is a widespread species inhabiting the basins
of río Paraná, río Uruguay, and Río de la Plata. Australoheros scitulus is distributed in the río
Uruguay and Río de la Plata basins. Australoheros tembe is known from streams fl owing into
the río Paraná and río Uruguay (CASCIOTTA et al., 2003) in the Province of Misiones. The new
species described herein comes from the río Iguazú basin above Iguazú falls and represents the
fi rst Australoheros species from that basin.
Australoheros kaaygua differs from the other species of Australoheros in having a lateral
band formed by two rows of scales leaving a narrow light line between them. In addition
A. kaaygua differs from A. facetus in having 6–7 vs. 8–9 branched anal-fi n rays, longer head
(35.2–38.4 vs. 34.2–35.4 % SL), shallower body (40.7–46.7 vs. 49.5–53.5 % SL), greater
eye diameter (9.8–12.9 vs. 8.2–8.7 % SL), shallower and longer caudal peduncle (13.9–17.6
vs. 18.9–20.9 and 8.9–11.8 vs. 6.9–9.1 % SL respectively) and 6 vs. 8 gill rakers on fi rst
ceratobranchial.
A. kaaygua is distinguished from A. scitulus in having 5–6 vs. 8–9 anal-fi n spines, 12 vs.
13–14 pterygiophores in the anal fi n, longer caudal peduncle (8.9–11.8 vs. 5.6–8.8 % SL),
and the absence of dark spots on odd fi ns and opercle. Finally A. kaaygua differs from A. tembe
in the absence of thickened lips.
Figs. 2–3. 2. Australoheros kaaygua sp. n., upper jaw in medial view. Scale= 1 mm. 3. Australoheros
kaaygua sp. n., Lower pharyngeal tooth plate and teeth in occlusal view. Scale = 1 mm.
˜
82 CASCIOTTA et al.: New Australoheros from río Iguazú basin.
4
5
Fig. 4. Geographical distribution of Australoheros kaaygua sp. n., 1: arroyo Ñandú (type locality),
2: arroyo Deseado, 3: arroyo Yacuí, and 4: arroyo Lobo.
83
Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 55
Key to the species of Austraoheros in Argentina
1. Eight to nine anal-fi n spines ................................................................. A. scitulus
1a. Five to seven anal-fi n spines ................................................................................... 2
2. Lips thickened ............................................................................................ A. tembe
2a. lips not thickened ...................................................................................................... 3
3. Body depth 40.7–46.7 (% SL), lateral band formed by two rows of scales leaving a
narrow light line between them ........................................................... A. kaaygua
3a. Body depth 49.5–53.5 (% SL), lateral band without a narrow light line in the
middle ..................................................................................................... A. facetus
Acknowledgments
We would like to express our gratitude to C. TREMOUILLES (UNLP) for help with fi gures. PABLO
CALVIÑO collected topotypes of A. facetus. Pictures of premaxilla and lower pharyngeal jaws were
taken with an equipment Zeiss Stemi 2000-C, AxioCam MRc, software Axiovision 3.1, donated
by Alexander von Humboldt Fundation to F. GOING (UNLP). JORGE CASCIOTTA is a researcher of
Comisión de Investigaciones Científi cas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Argentina.
References
CASCIOTTA, J. R. (1998): Cichlid-fishes from la Plata basin in Argentina: Laetacara dorsigera
(Heckel), Bujurquina vittata (HECKEL), and ‘Cichlasoma’ facetum (JENYNS) (Perciformes:
Labroidei). – Neotrópica, 44: 23–39.
CASCIOTTA, J., S. KÖRBER & R. STAWIKOWSKI (2003): Ein aquaristisch neuer “Chanchito” aus
Misiones. – DATZ-Die Aquarien-und Terrarienzeitschrift, 56 (9): 68–72.
KULLANDER, S. O. (1983): A revision of the South American cichlid genus Cichlasoma. – Swedish
Museum of Natural History, Stockholm.
RÍCAN, O. & S. O. KULLANDER (2003): ‘Cichlasoma’ scitulum: a new species of cichlid fi sh from the
Río de la Plata region in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. – Copeia 2003, 4: 794–802.
RÍCAN, O. & S. O. KULLANDER (2006): Character- and tree-based delimitation of species in the
‘Cichlasoma’ facetum group (Teleostei, Cichlidae) with the description of a new genus. –
Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research, 44 (2): 136–152.
TAYLOR, W. R. & G. C. VAN DYKE (1985): Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes
and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. – Cybium, 9: 107–119.
Received 18.10.2005, accepted 4.11.2005.
... Four Australoheros species are considered valid at present: Australoheros facetus (Jenyns 1842), A. tembe (Casciotta, Gómez & Toresani, 1995), A. scitulus (Říčan & Kullander, 2003) and A. kaaygua Casciotta, Almirón & Gómez, 2006. Several other nominal taxa are included in Australoheros, all considered junior synonyms of Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842). ...
... The description of A. kaaygua from Misiones, Río Iguazú drainage, Argentina, by Casciotta et al. (2006) agrees well with our material from Brazil. Specimens from the Iguaçu drainage of Brazil have only an even shorter caudal peduncle (-1 or fewer vertebrae; the shortest caudal peduncle found in Australoheros) and slightly larger scales, visible as only 3 scales anteriorly between the upper lateral line and origin of D fin, only 1 and 1 small posteriorly. ...
... Distribution. Australoheros kaaygua has a disjunct distribution, including tributaries of the Río Iguazú, a tributary of Río Paraná in Brazil and Argentina (Casciotta, Almirón and Gómez, 2006), and tributaries of the Upper Rio Uruguay in Brazil (Fig. 14). Kullander, 2006). ...
The Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae) species of the Uruguay and Parana River drainages
Article
  • Mar 2008
Australoheros Ř íčan and Kullander, 2006 includes four described species—Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842), Australoheros tembe (Casciotta, Gómez & Toresani, 1995), Australoheros scitulus (Říčan & Kullander, 2003) and Australoheros kaaygua Casciotta, Almirón & Gómez, 2006. Four additional species are newly described in this paper based on results presented in Ř íčan and Kullander (2006): Australoheros forquilha sp. nov., from the tributaries of the Upper Río Uruguay in Brazil; Australoheros charrua sp. nov. and Australoheros minuano sp. nov., from the tributaries of the Middle Río Uruguay in Brazil and Uruguay, and Australoheros guarani sp. nov. from the Río Paraná tributaries in Paraguay. Sympatric species are not found closely related and all sister species have allopatric distributions. Four species groups are recognized based on phylogenetic hypotheses generated from morphological and cyt b characters; the forquilha group—A. forquilha, A. tembe; the scitulus group—A. scitulus, A. charrua; the kaaygua group—A. kaaygua, A. minuano; and the facetus group—A. facetus, A. guarani.
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... Four Australoheros species are considered valid at present: Australoheros facetus (Jenyns 1842), A. tembe (Casciotta, Gómez & Toresani, 1995), A. scitulus (Říčan & Kullander, 2003) and A. kaaygua Casciotta, Almirón & Gómez, 2006. Several other nominal taxa are included in Australoheros, all considered junior synonyms of Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842). ...
... The description of A. kaaygua from Misiones, Río Iguazú drainage, Argentina, by Casciotta et al. (2006) agrees well with our material from Brazil. Specimens from the Iguaçu drainage of Brazil have only an even shorter caudal peduncle (-1 or fewer vertebrae; the shortest caudal peduncle found in Australoheros) and slightly larger scales, visible as only 3 scales anteriorly between the upper lateral line and origin of D fin, only 1 and 1 small posteriorly. ...
... Distribution. Australoheros kaaygua has a disjunct distribution, including tributaries of the Río Iguazú, a tributary of Río Paraná in Brazil and Argentina (Casciotta, Almirón and Gómez, 2006), and tributaries of the Upper Rio Uruguay in Brazil (Fig. 14). Kullander, 2006). ...
The Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae) species of the Uruguay and Paraná river drainages
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2008
Australoheros Rican and Kullander, 2006 includes four described species - Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842), Australoheros tembe (Casciotta, Gomez & Toresani, 1995), Australoheros scitulus (Rican & Kullander, 2003) and Australoheros kaaygua Casciotta, Almiron & Gomez, 2006. Four additional species are newly described in this paper based on results presented in Rican and Kullander (2006): Australoheros forquilha sp. nov., from the tributaries of the Upper Rio Uruguay in Brazil; Australoheros charrua sp. nov. and Australoheros minuano sp. nov., from the tributaries of the Middle Rio Uruguay in Brazil and Uruguay, and Australoheros guarani sp. nov. from the Rio Parana tributaries in Paraguay. Sympatric species are not found closely related and all sister species have allopatric distributions. Four species groups are recognized based on phylogenetic hypotheses generated from morphological and cyt b characters; the forquilha group-A. forquilha, A. tembe; the scitulus group-A. scitulus, A. charrua; the kaaygua group-A. kaaygua, A. minuano; and the facetus group-A. facetus, A. guarani.
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... Australoheros facetus is a native cichlid from Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil, representative of freshwater ecosystems (Casciotta et al., 2005;Rican et al., 2006;Rosso, 2006). This species is easy to identify, abundant in vegetated pond and streams, easy to rear and reproduce in the laboratory, is located at the top of the trophic chains and has demonstrated to be sensitive to multiple pollutants (Bulus Rosini et al., 2004;Torres-Bugarin et al., 2007;Crupkin et al., 2013Crupkin et al., , 2018Iturburu et al., 2018). ...
Evaluation of hematological parameters, oxidative stress and DNA damage in the cichlid Australoheros facetus exposed to the fungicide azoxystrobin
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2020
  • ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE
Azoxystrobin (AZX) is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide massively used worldwide. Its mode of action consists in the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration decreasing the synthesis of ATP and leading to oxidative stress in the target fungus. However, whether this effect occurs in non target organisms has been scarcely studied. The objectives of this work were (1) to evaluate biomarkers of oxidative stress, hematological, physiological and of genotoxicity in the native cichlid fish Australoheros facetus exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of AZX and (2) to compare these biomarkers in different developmental stages using juvenile and adult fish (n = 6) exposed during 48 h. The exposure concentrations were 0 (negative control, C (-)), 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L AZX of the commercial formulation AMISTAR®. Blood was drawn to evaluate hematology, and DNA damage through the comet assay (CA) and micronucleus test (MN). Genotoxicity was observed by mean of both biomarkers in juvenile and adult fish at 50 μg/L AZX. Samples of liver and gills were used to determine antioxidant enzymes activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. In juvenile fish inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed in liver at 0.05, 5 and 50 μg/L AZX and in gills at 5 and 50 μg/L AZX. Glutathione- S- transferases (GST) activity increased in gills at all AZX concentrations tested. In adult fish, increase of hepatic catalase (CAT) activity at 0.5 and 50 μg/L AZX and MDA content at 50 μg/L AZX were observed. In gills only H2O2 content showed changes at 50 μg/L AZX. The sensitivity showed by gills constitutes the first report about AZX toxicity in this organ. All these negative effects were observed in the range of realistic AZX concentrations, which warns of the possible consequences that it may have on the health of aquatic biota. Differences between juvenile and adult fish demonstrate the relevance of considering the developmental stage on the evaluation of biomarkers.
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... Australoheros facetus is a native cichlid from Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil, representative of freshwater ecosystems (Casciotta et al., 2005;Rican et al., 2006;Rosso, 2006). This species is easy to identify, abundant in vegetated pond and streams, easy to rear and reproduce in the laboratory, is located at the top of the trophic chains and has demonstrated to be sensitive to multiple pollutants (Bulus Rosini et al., 2004;Torres-Bugarin et al., 2007;Crupkin et al., 2013Crupkin et al., , 2018Iturburu et al., 2018). ...
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... El PNI carece de una línea de base que dé cuenta de la diversidad de peces de sus ambientes acuáticos. El conocimiento de su ictiofauna es fragmentario y se reduce a unos pocos trabajos (Casciotta et al., 2006; Gómez y Somay, 1985 Gómez y Somay, , 1989 Gómez y Chebez, 1996; Gómez et al., 1990, 2009 Miquelarena y Fernández, 2000; Piálek et al., 2015; Vittar et al., 2002). Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta contribución es dar a conocer un inventario de las especies de peces presentes en el parque y designar aquellas comprometidas de acuerdo a los criterios de Especies Vulnerables de Valor Especial (EVVE) propuestos por la Administración de Parques Nacionales (Resolución H.D. 291/13). ...
VISIBILIZANDO LO INVISIBLE. UN RELEVAMIENTO DE LA DIVERSIDAD DE PECES DEL PARQUE NACIONAL IGUAZÚ, MISIONES, ARGENTINA
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2016
Abstract. The aim of this study is to survey the fish fauna of the Iguazu National Park and designate those vulnerable species with special value (EVVES). As a result of this project 104 species were recorded, of which 28 are endemic to the basin and 13 represent new records for Argentina. Finally, 87 species of PNI with special value representing 83% of total fish recorded were identified.
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Conjectures and refutations: Species diversity and phylogeny of Australoheros from coastal rivers of southern South America (Teleostei: Cichlidae)
Article
Full-text available
Morphological and genetic analyses of species of Australoheros focusing on those distributed in coastal rivers from the Rio de La Plata north to the Rio Buranhém, support recognition of 17 valid species in the genus. Eight species are represented in coastal rivers: A acaroides, A. facetus, A. ipatinguensis, A. oblongus, A. ribeirae, and A. sanguineus are validated from earlier descriptions. Australoheros mboapari is a new species from the Rio Taquari in the Rio Jacuí drainage. Australoheros ricani is a new species from the upper Rio Jacuí. Specimens from the Rio Yaguarón and Rio Tacuary, affluents of Laguna Merín, and tributaries of the Rio Negro, tributary of the Rio Uruguay are assigned to A. minuano pending critical data on specimens from the type locality of A. minuano. Australoheros taura is a junior synonym of A. acaroides. Australoheros autrani, A. saquarema, A. capixaba, A. macaensis, A. perdi, and A. muriae are junior synonyms of A. ipatinguensis. Heros autochthon, A. mattosi, A. macacuensis, A. montanus, A. tavaresi, A. paraibae, and A. barbosae, are junior synonyms of A. oblongus. Heros jenynsii is a junior synonym of A. facetus.
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Phylogeny and species delimitation based on molecular approaches on the species of the Australoheros autrani group (Teleostei, Cichlidae), with biogeographic comments
Article
Full-text available
Three distinct and independent molecular-based species delimitation analyses were performed among the species and populations included within the Australoheros autrani group, based on sequences of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome b: a tree-based method proposed by Wiens and Penkrot (WP), a Character-based DNA Barcoding (CBB) and co-alescent species delimitation method termed the Bayesian Implementation of the Poisson tree processes (bPTP). The congruence of WP and CBB delimited 11 independent lineages (species), while the bPTP delimited just nine lineages. We did not favour any of the methods , and we considered the possibility of two slightly variant scenarios. A time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis is proposed based on the predominant congruence of the results of these three species delimitation methods herein applied. The monophyly of the A. autrani species group was highly supported with maximum node support value and diagnosed by 11 nucleotide substitutions. The sister clade of the A. autrani species group is the clade comprising A. sp. Timbé do Sul and A. minuano. The phylogenetic analysis supports three main clades within the A. autrani species group, supported by maximum node support value, with the Southern Mata Atlântica clade as the most basal clade. Divergence time estimates indicate that the diversification of the Australoheros originated during the early Neogene, but only in the late Neogene did the processes of diversification in the southeast and north regions occur. Diversification within the Australoheros autrani species group occurred synchronically for the three main clades during the beginning of the Quaternary. It is demonstrated that molecular characters are valuable tools for species recognition, particularly in speciose groups with inconspicuous or difficult to record morphological characters. The resulting phylogeny of the Australoheros autrani group is highly compatible with the geological and biogeographic scenarios proposed for the Neogene and Quarternary shaping of the extant river basins of eastern Brazil. Despite the origin of the A. autrani group being dated to the late Miocene, species level diversification occurred in the Pleistocene and was probably driven by headwater capture events and sea-level fluctuations.
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Imidacloprid Causes DNA Damage in Fish: Clastogenesis as a Mechanism of Genotoxicity
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2018
  • B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX
Neonicotinoids are one of the most widely used insecticides in the world. DNA damage is considered an early biological effect which could lead to reproductive and carcinogenic effects. The present study aimed to evaluate DNA damage and bases oxidation as a mechanism of genotoxicity, on the freshwater fish Australoheros facetus acutely exposed to imidacloprid (IMI). The Comet assay with the nuclease ENDO III enzyme was performed for detecting pyrimidine bases oxidation using blood samples. Micronucleus and other nuclear abnormalities frequencies were also quantified. A significant increase of damage index at 100 and 1000 µg/L IMI was detected; while ENDO III score increased from 1 to 1000 µg/L IMI; varying both in a linear concentration-response manner. MN frequency increased in fish exposed to 1000 µg/L IMI. These results show that short-term exposures to environmentally relevant concentrations of IMI could affect the genetic integrity of fishes through oxidative damage.
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Uptake, distribution in different tissues and genotoxicity of imidacloprid in the freshwater fish Australoheros facetus: Imidacloprid uptake, distribution and genotoxicity in fish
Article
  • Aug 2016
  • ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
The neonicotinoid imidacloprid (IMI) is nowadays under re-evaluation by regulatory agencies because of the poor current information available regarding its potential effects. One of the goals of the present work was to determine IMI uptake and distribution in the freshwater fish Australoheros facetus experimentally exposed during 24 and 48 h to 100, 300 and 2500 µg/ L. The toxicity of IMI to fish reported in the literature is in the mg/L or g/L range, but sub-lethal effects at µg/L in some groups other than fish have been described. Another goal of the present study was to evaluate its potential genotoxicity and to compare it between the individual compound and a commercial formulation. Concentrations of IMI were measured in water, brain, muscle, gills, gut, liver and blood by LC- MS/MS. IMI was detected in all the tissues tested. Concentrations were higher after 48 h than after 24 h in liver, gills, gut and muscle, while in brain and blood they were similar at both exposure times. Although there was not accumulation, only uptake of IMI, genotoxicity was observed. In fish exposed to the IMIDA NOVA 35®, increased micronucleus frequency at 100 and 1000 µg/L was detected while in the IMI active ingredient bioassay it increased only at 1000 µg/L IMI. Our findings warn of the possible consequences that fish living in freshwater ecosystems can suffer.
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"Cichlasoma" tembe - Ein aquaristisch neuer Chanchito' aus Misiones.
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2003
Eine Anfang 2001 vom argentinischen Museo de La Plata und von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ichthyologie durchgeführte Sammelreise in die argentinische Provinz Misiones machte neben anderen Arten auch den Buntbarsch „Cichlasoma" tembe erstmals für die Aquaristik verfügbar.
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‘Cichlasoma’ scitulum: A New Species of Cichlid Fish from the Río de La Plata Region in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2003
'Cichlasoma' scitulum, new species, is described from the Rio Rosario drainage in the Rio de La Plata region of Uruguay, and from lower Rio Uruguay tributaries in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. It is easily distinguished from the other two species of the 'Cichlasoma facetum group in meristic and coloration characters. 'Cichlasoma' scitulum has the highest anal-fin spine counts of the three species and it is also characterized by having black-spotted dorsal, anal and caudal fins and flank and opercular scales.
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Character- and tree-based delimitation of species in the 'Cichlasoma' facetum group (Teleostei, Cichlidae) with the description of a new genus
Article
Full-text available
The 'Cichlasoma' facetum group is part of the taxonomically complex group of Neotropical cichlid fishes of the tribe Heroini. Many species groups and unplaced species of heroines are still left without a generic name following the revision of the genus Cichlasoma. We describe here the 'Cichlasoma' facetum group as a new genus, Australoheros, and provide evidence for its monophyly based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological and mtDNA characters. Australoheros is morphologically characterized by the lowest values in meristic characters among heroines and by three apomorphic characters in coloration pattern. In addition to the three described species of Australoheros, our results of species delimitation based on a combination of tree- and character-based approaches identify seven putatively new species of Australoheros. Several coding schemes of morphological characters are used to recover the intrageneric relationships within the genus, resulting in very similar topologies. Discovery of additional species within the genus is expected once material from the whole distribution area is studied.
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AI 196, 1 ex., 32.8 mm SL, Argentina, Misiones, río Iguazú basin
  • Jan 1983
  • W D Somay
W), coll. D. Somay, 1983. AI 196, 1 ex., 32.8 mm SL, Argentina, Misiones, río Iguazú basin, arroyo Deseado at road 101 (25°47'08.
Comparative material. Australoheros facetus (JENYNS, 1842): MACN-ict 2554, 10 ex
  • Mar 2002
  • 0-79
  • W M Moreno
W), coll. M. Moreno, February, 2002. Comparative material. Australoheros facetus (JENYNS, 1842): MACN-ict 2554, 10 ex., 33.0–79.
MLP 8568, 1 ex., 26.6 mm SL Argentina, Corrientes, arroyo Las Piedritas
  • 3-37
  • Sl
  • Argentina
  • Salta
3 mm SL, Argentina, Salta, río Las Conchas. MLP 8568, 1 ex., 26.6 mm SL Argentina, Corrientes, arroyo Las Piedritas. MLP 8569, 12 ex., 18.3–37.
Corrientes, creek about 1 km from Tres Bocas. MLP 8570, 1 ex., 40.2 mm SL, Argentina, Corrientes, arroyo Payubre, close to Ita-Corá. MLP 2220, 7 ex
  • 1-58
  • Sl
  • Argentina
2 mm SL, Argentina, Corrientes, creek about 1 km from Tres Bocas. MLP 8570, 1 ex., 40.2 mm SL, Argentina, Corrientes, arroyo Payubre, close to Ita-Corá. MLP 2220, 7 ex., 19.1–58.