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History of The Urhobo People of Niger Delta
Abstract
History of The Urhobo People of Niger Delta is the most comprehensive compilation and study of various aspects of the history of the Urhobo people of Nigeria's Niger Delta. It begins with an examination of the prehistory of the region, with particular focus on the Urhobo and their close ethnic neighbour, the Isoko. The book then embarks on a close assessment of the advent of British imperialism in the Western Niger Delta. History of The Urhobo People of Niger Delta also probes the arrival and impact of Western Christian missions in Urhoboland. Urhobo history is notable for the sharp challenges that the Urhobo people have faced at various points of their di?cult existence in the rainforest and deltaic geographical formation of Western Niger Delta. Their history of migrations and their segmentation into twenty-two cultural units were, in large part, e?orts aimed at overcoming these challenges. History of The Urhobo People of Niger Delta includes an evaluation of modern responses to challenges that confront the Urhobo people, following the onrush of a new era of European colonization and introduction of a new Christian religion into their culture. The formation of Urhobo Progress Union and of its educational arm of Urhobo College is presented as the Urhobo response to modern challenges facing their existence in Western Niger Delta and Nigeria. History of The Urhobo People of Niger Delta extends its purview to various other fragments of the Urhobo historical and cultural experience in modern times. These include the di?culties that have arisen from petroleum oil exploration in the Niger Delta in post-colonial Nigeria.
... Ughelli North LGA comprises several towns and villages, including Afiesere, Ododegho, Ofuoma, Agbarha, Owheru, Evwreni, Ogor, Agbarho, and Orogun (Ekeh, 2007). The area is predominantly inhabited by the Urhobo ethnic group, though it also hosts a mixture of other tribes such as the Igbos and INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH (ISSN -2767-3774) VOLUME 05 ISSUE 12 Pages: 37-57 OCLC -1242424495 ...
... Ughelli North's proximity to Warri, a major commercial hub in Delta State, enhances its accessibility and connectivity (Warri Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 2023). The region's infrastructure includes schools, a general hospital, and a local government secretariat, making it a suitable setting for various research studies (Ekeh, 2007). However, like many other LGAs, Ughelli North lacks comprehensive data on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of mothers regarding childhood vaccination, highlighting the need for further research in this area (NITAG, 2023). ...
Background:- Vaccination is globally recognized as one of the most effective public health interventions for reducing child mortality by preventing vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) such as measles, polio, tuberculosis, and Haemophilus influenzae. However, in countries like Nigeria, inadequate knowledge about vaccination remains a major barrier to achieving optimal vaccine coverage. Despite the Nigerian government’s provision of free routine vaccination for children up to the age of two, many mothers are unaware of the need to complete the full vaccination schedule, which leads to missed vaccination opportunities in later childhood. This study aimed to assess the level of maternal knowledge regarding childhood vaccination in Ughelli North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Methods:- This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 321 mothers in Ughelli, Delta State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire designed to assess knowledge about childhood vaccination. The survey was administered online, and the data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics to examine associations between socio-demographic factors and vaccination knowledge. Participants' socio-demographic characteristics, including ethnicity, employment status, and educational background, were recorded and analysed. Results:- The study sample was predominantly Urhobo (68.9%), with a majority of participants being semi-employed (50.2%) and having attained tertiary education (88.8%). Despite the high educational levels, 87.5% of the respondents demonstrated poor knowledge of the full vaccination schedule, particularly regarding vaccines required after the age of two. The study found no statistically significant association between socio-demographic factors such as ethnicity, employment status, and educational level and maternal knowledge of vaccination (p > 0.05). Discussion:- Although previous studies have shown a positive relationship between maternal education and vaccine uptake, this study revealed that socio-demographic variables had no significant impact on knowledge about vaccination schedules. Despite general awareness of the importance of vaccines, the study identified significant gaps in specific knowledge, particularly concerning vaccines required beyond the second year of life. These gaps highlight the need for improved communication strategies to ensure mothers understand the full vaccination process. Conclusion:- The findings underscore the critical need for targeted health promotion efforts to enhance maternal knowledge of childhood vaccination, particularly regarding vaccines beyond infancy. Comprehensive educational campaigns using mass media, social media, and community platforms are recommended to bridge these knowledge gaps. Healthcare workers should also be trained to deliver clear and consistent information on vaccination during routine maternal and child health visits to ensure timely and complete vaccination coverage.
... Type V: any other appearance/shape other than letter "M". (Ekeh, 2007;Orhero, 2015;NPC, 2006;NBS, 2010 ...
Background and aim: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of palmar creases have been implicated for diagnoses of congenital abnormalities as well as prediction of identity, ancestry, and ethnicity. Thus, suggesting the genetic basis of palmar creases. This study investigated the inheritance pattern of palmar creases among the Urhobo and Ogoni ethnic groups in South-South Nigeria. Methodology: In this family-based study 95 families-60 Urhobo and 35 Ogoni families were recruited. Using dermatoglyphic capture technique, palm prints of the subjects were obtained. Proportion of Concordance was used to determine inheritability. Mendelian Chi-square analysis of trait dominance was used to establish dominant patterns. Results: Inheritance likelihood of pattern of origin of major palmar creases among the Urhobos was 78.3% and 83.3% on the right and left palms respectively while that of Ogoni showed 85.7% on the right palm and 77.1% on the left palm; shape of palmar creases of the Urhobos was 90.0% on the right palm and 93.3% on the left palm while that of the Ogoni was 88.6% and 88.6% on the right and left palms respectively; Middle/Mid longitudinal crease for Urhobo was 88.3% and 93.3% on the right and left palms respectively while that of the Ogoni was 85.7% on the right and left palms respectively. Conclusion: The inheritance of origin/meeting pattern of the major creases is purely under the influence of more than two alleles while that of shape and Middle longitudinal crease tend to suggest a di-allelic influenced expression. Middle longitudinal crease showed purely a dominant-recessive expression.
... The existence of indigenous deities and religious myths in the Esaba community of the Ughiẹvwen kingdom could be estimated to be more than 1000 years of settlement by Urhobo clans in the interior of Urhoboland (Ekeh, 2006). Worshippers treasure art as the most powerful force in the social, religious, and cultural life of society. ...
The Esaba people in the Ughiẹvwen kingdom of Urhobo were conscious of indigenous deities and religious myths as the oldest, most powerful, and most integral form of seeking protection and provision from Osonobrughwẹ (God) for a day-to-day living before the new beliefs occasioned by modernisation, education, Christianity, civilisation, technology, quest for liberation and laziness have led to the abandonment, negligence, swap, and modification of the once cherished practice (Darah, 2016:45). Nevertheless, palm nut collectors still profess the ideology of sustaining the religious ideals and values surrounding ẹdjẹ okpa palm trees in Ughievwen. This paper investigates various religious myths surrounding ẹdjẹ okpa palm trees of the Esaba community in Ughievwen. Using Levi-Strauss’ structuralist theory of mythology, five palm-nut collectors were randomly selected and interviewed using an android phone recorder to solicit responses on their knowledge of the ẹdjẹ okpa palm trees of the Esaba community. It was revealed that palm-nut collectors obey the symbolic laws of ẹdjẹ okpa and violators are severely punished. The work submits that the practice be sustained for the total wellbeing of palm-nut collectors, bountiful harvest, and revitalisation of the dying aspect of traditional worship in Urhobo culture
This study investigates the benefits of crocodile farming and ranching in Emede and Esanma Kingdoms, Delta State, Nigeria. A mixed-method approach was used, combining survey, key informant interview, and questionnaire methods. The results show that crocodile farming provides employment opportunities, income generation, and conservation benefits for the local communities. A total of 27 crocodiles were bred in captivity, with 16 Nile Crocodiles and 11 Dwarf crocodiles. The study also reveals that the communities are aware of the crocodile farms and have benefited from them. However, the chi-square analysis suggests that the variables are likely independent, indicating no significant difference between the observed and expected data. The study concludes that crocodile farming and ranching can be a sustainable and profitable venture for coastal communities, with potential economic and conservation benefits.
Oil has constituted a physical problem to Delta State and Nigeria as a whole. It is a serious impediment to survival among the indigenes of Niger Delta area. It has constituted nuisance which inhibits economic growth and endangers lives and property. It annuls indigenous participation in oil excavations to assure survival and national development. Oil has turned a tool of colonialism and neo-colonialism to the detriment of the Delta indigenes. This paper verifies oil as impediment in Delta of Nigeria; Economic growth constraints, socio-political problems and Neo-colonialism; and finally, verifies modes of tackling the problem of oil in Delta State of Nigeria. The conclusion summarizes the problem of oil in Delta State and proffers solutions to them.
Studies over the years have shown that there is a swift change in the language situation in post colonial Africa especially in the urban centers where some new forms of linguistic codes are being introduced over existing ones thus initiating a new nomenclature which could alter the linguistic pattern of Africa. To a large extent, this change is ascribed to the growing effect of modernization and the dynamics of language (which is normal and unstoppable). This paper has two objectives. First, a modest attempt to present the language shift in Africa by looking at some countries with particular reference to the Nigerian situation where Naijá (hitherto called the Nigerian Pidgin) is highly influential and serves as lingua franca for the majority of the population of Nigeria. Secondly, to look at one of the Edoid languages (Urhobo) in the Southern part of Nigeria, with reference to the effect of modernity on culture to ascertain if Naijá is a killer language. The general findings show that Naijá will continue to subdue Urhobo language and other languages in Nigeria if appropriate steps are not taken. ________________________________________________________________________________________________
Since the 1980s, Nigerians have engaged in non-violent protests against oil exploitation polluting their lands. This qualitative case study asks why Niger Delta women came to engage in seemingly separate, all-female protests starting in 2002, mobilizing in a long-standing resistance previously led by men. Using grounded theory methods, this multi-site ethnography draws on one-on-one interviews, participant observations, and university and non-governmental organization archival data. It finds that although women were indeed aggrieved by oil, their protests from 2002 to 2012 did not emerge autonomously from those of men, as described in scholarship elsewhere. Rather, these findings indicate that male elites may have had a role in initiating women’s collective action in response to their own failed prior negotiations, to increase the number of protesters, and to bolster men’s dialogue. This study provides a nuanced corrective to the Niger Delta narrative and expands our understanding of gender dynamics in social movements.
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