... While the concept of familial patriarchy plays a fundamental role in the literature on the 'missing girls' phenomenon among South and East Asian societies (Dong, 2016;Pande & Astone, 2007;Li et al., 2007;Attane & Guilmoto, 2007;Guilmoto, 2009Guilmoto, , 2012Das Gupta, 2010;Das Gupta et al., 2003;Arokiasamy & Goli, 2012;Miller, 2001;Greenhalgh, 2013;Quanbao et al., 2011;Lee & Wang, 1999;Malhotra et al., 1995;also Banister, 2004;Grogan, 2018;Derosas & Tsuya, 2010), the potential impact of patriarchal cultural formations on the neglect of female children in historical Europe has so far been little explored, either theoretically or empirically. This research gap is at odds with the significant variation in the manifestations of the patriarchal bias across European societies , and with recent discoveries of gender-discriminatory practices in infancy and childhood in Southern and Eastern Europe (e.g., Beltrán Tapia, 2019), which raise the question of whether the geographies of female neglect may not be accompanied by gender (and generational) asymmetries. ...