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Emblica (Phyllanthus emblica Linn.) Fruit Extract Promotes Proliferation in Dermal Papilla Cells of Human Hair Follicle
Abstract
Emblica (Phyllanthus emblica Linn.) has been used to promote the growth of hair in traditional medicine, however less is known regarding its pharmacological activities in hair follicles. To investigate the effects of emblica fruit extracts in terms of hair growth stimulation, the proliferative effects of extract in HaCaT keratinocytes and Dermal Papilla (DP) cells of human hair follicles were determined by MTT assay and cell counts. The results show that emblica extract stimulated proliferation of DP cells in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas it showed minimal effect on keratinocytes, suggesting that the extract might promote hair growth by prolonging the anagen phase through the proliferative effect on DP cells.
... In vivo studies proclaimed PE as the herb that has hair growth-promoting activity, as it is composed of herbal formulations that effectively enlarge the size and prolong the anagen phase of hair follicles 6,7 . In addition, Luanpitpong et al. 8 determined the biological effects of PE on follicle cells during hair growth. The effects of PE extract on HaCaT keratinocytes and dermal papilla DP cells from human hair follicles were determined by an MTT assay and cell counts. ...
... The lowest EE was found for gallic acid p 0.05 , which could be explained by its hydrophilicity and low molecular weight 170.1 Da compared to chlorogenic acid 354.3 Da and ellagic acid 302.2 Da . The high EE of ellagic acid into the transfersomes was due to the low solubility of ellagic 8 have been also reported 48 . Although chlorogenic acid is water soluble bioactive compound, an EE in liposomes greater than 50 was reported. ...
... Therefore, ellagic acid was entrapped between the lipid bilayers of the transfersomes, leading to a high EE and low partitioning of ellagic acid to the aqueous phase of the transfersomes. High EE values for of ellagic acid encapsulation into liposomes 96.8 and niosomes 95. ...
Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (PE) has been used to promote hair growth for decades. In this study, dried PE fruit powder was extracted, tested for biological activities, and loaded into transfersomes for hair follicle targeting. Before lyophilization, PE fruit powder was extracted using 2 solvent systems, water and 30% ethanol. The PE 30% ethanolic extract had higher antioxidant activity and total phenolic content than the PE aqueous extract. However, the cytotoxicity of the PE 30% ethanolic extract was higher than that of PE aqueous extract. As a result, the PE aqueous extract was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and found that the major component of the PE aqueous extract was gallic acid. Afterward, the PE aqueous extract was tested for its potential to activate the expression of genes involved in hair growth promotion in human keratinocytes. At a non-toxic concentration (10 µg/mL), this extract promoted various growth factors comparable to 1% minoxidil. PE-loaded transfersomes were prepared to deliver the PE aqueous extract to the hair follicle. The particle size and polydispersity index of PE-loaded transfersomes were 228 nm and 0.25, respectively. After 3 months of storage, the particle size at 4°C and 30°C was 218 nm and 241 nm, respectively, which was comparable to its initial size. However, at 40°C, the particle size dramatically increased (315 nm). The fluorescent agent, rhodamine B, was used to evaluate the potential of transfersomes to target hair follicles. Rhodamine B transfersomes had better penetration and accumulation in hair follicles than rhodamine B solution. To conclude, the PE aqueous extract, mainly composed of gallic acid, can activate hair growth gene expression. The extract can be loaded into hair follicles targeting transfersomes. Thus, PE-loaded transfersomes are a promising delivery system for hair follicle targeting to promote hair growth.
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... It is a powerful inhibitor of 5α-reductase. It has also antibacterial and anti-microbial properties and nourishes hair [101]. Rosmarinus officinalis is a medicinal evergreen plant also known as rosemary of the family Lamiaceae. ...
... Mechanism: The alcoholic extract of Emblica officinalis was evaluated for hair growth activity on albino rats, it showed enlargement of follicle and prolongation of the anagen phase; it blocks the 5α-reductase enzyme; the extract shows proliferation of hair follicles and HaCaT keratinocytes [101,130]. Emblica is a concern with iron metabolism; iron is involved in oxygenation in red blood cells. For normal healthy hair originated blood should be provided, deficiency of originated blood leads to hair loss [80]. ...
Polymer, lipid, and natural protein-based hair care nanocarriers are in preclinical testing. Nanomedicine has enhanced therapeutic efficacy and decreased side effects. This review examines herbal nanomedicine for hair care. We also reviewed the hair cycle, its morphology, and the mechanisms of herbal-based medicine that regulate the hair cycle to treat hair loss. Nano-formulations have better solubility, permeability, therapeutic efficacy, and prolonged distribution than standard herbal medicines. This review also discussed the nanotechnology barrier and nano formulations for hair loss and growth and includes a recent herbal nanomedicine study. Researchers interested in using herbs to treat hair problems and clinically translating hair care products may find the results presented significant.
... HFDP cell proliferation has been widely tested to determine the hair growth-promoting or hair-loss inhibiting effects from natural extracts [48]. HFDP cell proliferation prolonged the hair cycle's anagen phase, which increased hair density and reduced hair loss [36]. ...
The aging process encompasses gradual and continuous changes at the cellular level that slowly accumulate with age. The signs of aging include many physiological changes in both skin and hair such as fine lines, wrinkles, age spots, hair thinning and hair loss. The aim of the current study was to investigate the anti-aging potential of coffee berry extract (CBE) on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and hair follicle dermal papilla (HFDP) cells. Coffee berry was extracted by 50% ethanol and determined for chemical constituents by HPLC technique. Cytotoxicity of the extract was examined on both cells by MTT assay. Then, HDF cells were used to evaluate antioxidant properties by using superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and nitric oxide inhibition as well as anti-collagenase inhibition assays. The effectiveness of anti-hair loss properties was investigated in HFDP cells by considering cell proliferation, 5α-reductase inhibition (5AR), and growth factor expression. The results showed that caffeine and chlorogenic acid were identified as major constituents in CBE. CBE had lower toxicity and cell proliferation than caffeine and chlorogenic acid on both cells. CBE showed SOD and nitric oxide inhibition activities that were higher than those of caffeine but lower than those of chlorogenic acid. Interestingly, CBE had the highest significant anti-collagenase activity, and its 5AR inhibition activity was comparable to that of chlorogenic acid, which was higher than caffeine. CBE also stimulated hair-related gene expression, especially insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The results confirmed that CBE provided anti-aging activity on both skin and hair cells and could be beneficial for applications in cosmeceuticals.
... Similarly, Anagen grow also showed the above effect. Several studies have shown that Phyllanthus emblica, Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Eclipta prostrata possess strong hair growth promoting property [13][14][15]. ...
... Iron inadequacy prompts balding because of oxygen lack. Emblica separates animate expansion of dermal papilla cell in a fixation subordinate way, recommending their job in hair development advancement19 . Its polyherbal balm and homegrown hair oil have hair development advancing movement20,21 . ...
This review presents an overview on plants identified to possess hair growth activity in various ethno-botanical studies and surveys of tradition medicinal plants. There are various causes for hair loss and the phenomenon is still not fully understood. The treatments offered include both natural or synthetic products to treat the condition of hair loss (alopecia), nonetheless natural products are continuously gaining popularity mainly due to their fewer side effects and better formulation strategies for natural product extracts. Plants have been widely used for hair growth promotion since ancient times as reported in Ayurveda, Chinese and Unani systems of medicine. This review covers information about different herbs and herbal formulation that are believed to be able to reduce the rate of hair loss and at the same time stimulate new hair growth. A focus is placed on their mechanism of action and the review also covers various isolated phytoconstituents possessing hair growth promoting effect. Keywords: Alopecia, ayurveda, hair, herbal formulation.
... According to Roy et al. (2008) β-sitosterol (phytosterols) and wedelolactones (coumestan), the major bioactive principles of E. alba are responsible for hair growth promoting activity. E officinalis extract contains a high content of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and several polyphenolic compound derivatives (gallic acid, methyl gallate, ellagic acid, trigallayl glucose) which were reported to stimulate DP cell growth in vitro and enhance hair growth Luanpitpong et al., 2011). A study reported that B. monnieri contains alkaloids that enhance protein kinase activity which is responsible for hair growth and herbal oil formulation of Bacopa showed prominent hair growth-promoting properties (Banerjee et al., 2009). ...
Hair and scalp infections have been considered one of the current major concerns as they are the main causes of hair damage and loss, thus gravely compromise the quality of life. The scalp is a unique ecological niche, suitable for microbial colonization due to high follicular density, humidity, warm, dark surface, and a large number of sweat-sebaceous glands. Several microbes utilize the favorable conditions of the scalp for their colonization and cause mild to severe infections like dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, folliculitis, and tinea capitis. Several conventional antimicrobials available in the market fail to cure such infections due to the resistance of microbial strains. Inappropriate and excessive use of antimicrobials stems resistance, therefore the need for new anti-microbials has been dramatically increasing and medicinal plants are considered as one of the most promising alternatives of novel bioactive compounds that could be utilized as a potential source of antimicrobial drugs. Plants produce certain bioactive phytochemicals, naturally toxic to microorganisms, so have been investigated as therapeutic agents. Antimicrobials extracted from plants are considered multifunctional curing agents, easy to extract, less in cost, and safe for human consumption. This has been clinically proven that herbal formulations enhance the growth of hair and stop hair fall. Presently, there are many herbal hair oils and shampoos available in the market with high demand as they strengthen and nourish hair and scalp with negligible side effects. In this context, this article reviews a number of microbial hair and scalp conditions and detailed knowledge about medicinal plants utilized in herbal formulations and their antimicrobial efficacy against pathogens infecting hair and scalp.
... A study showed strong proliferative effect of Amla extract on cultured human dermal Papilla cells, which may prolong the anagen phase of hair cycle [34]. ...
Traditional system of medicine have been in vogue since ages. Amla is one of the herbal plant used in Unani medicine having very versatile actions.The word “Amla” is derived from an Arabic word ‘ambalji’ and in Persian it is called ‘amlah’. In english is commonly known by the name of Indian gooseberry. It is used as medicinally since centuries. Each and every part of the Amla tree is used medicinally but more commonly its fruit is used. It is mostly found in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. All the information on the plant available in Urdu, Persian, Arabic language in classical Unani literature available in different libraries of India from recent to past were searched, for phyto-chemical and pharmacological activities and computerized databases such as Medline, Pubmed, Ovid SP, Google Scholar and Science-direct were searched. In unani classical texts, the temperament of Amlais mentioned as Barid 1°Yabis 2° and its actions are Qabiz, Muqawwie Meda, Muqawwie Shaar. The chemical constituents like amino acids alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine and proline are present in major quantity. Several pharmacological studies have been carried out on it like anti-ulcer, immune modulatory, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and gastroprotective etc. It is used both as single as well as in compound formulations as an main ingredient like Jawarish Amla, Jawarishshahi, Anushdaru and Itrifalat. Through this review an attempt has made to reveal the Unani aspect of Amla and describe Unani pharmacological activities in the light of recent experiemental studies.
... It is reported that shortage of iron increases the chances of hair shedding. Extract of E. officinalis increase the hair papilla of human scalp which accelerates the hair growth (Luanpitpong et al., 2011).The herbal formulation in the form of oil and lotion with E. officinalis as a principal element promotes hair growth and reduces the hair shedding (Banerjee et al., 2009;Ishida et al., 1999;Purwal et al., 2008). It is found that the mixture of Tridax procumbens Linn. ...
A vast majority of the world’s population lacks access to essential medicines
and the provision of safe healthcare services. Medicinal plants and herbal
medicines can be applied for pharmacognosy, or the discovery of new drugs, or as an aid for plant physiology studies. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the search for new chemical entities and the expression of resistance of many drugs available in the market has led to a shift in paradigm towards medicinal research. Herbal treatments, the most popular form of folk medicine, may become an important way of increasing access to healthcare services.
Advanced Pharmacological Uses of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of drug discovery from natural sources that allow for the effective treatment of human health problems without any side effects, toxicity, or drug resistance.
Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as ethnobotany, therapeutic applications, and bioactive compounds, this book is ideally designed for pharmacologists, scientists, ethnobotanists, botanists, health researchers, professors, industry professionals, and health students in fields that include pharmaceutical drug development and discovery.
... In this study, we examined the effect of Naringenin and Hesperetin on proliferation of DPCs and HaCaT cells. DPCs and HaCaT cells have been previously used as target cell populations to study hair growth potential of compounds in vitro [4,9,17]. ...
Alopecia (hair loss) is a common and distressing condition. Therefore, it is important to develop new
therapeutic agents to prevent the hair loss and maintain hair growth. Natural compounds, such as flavonoids are known to
possess hair-growth promoting properties. The hair growth promoting effects of Naringenin and Hesperetin and their in
vitro biological effects on human Dermal Papilla cells (DPCs) and keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) have not been reported yet
to the best of our knowledge. In the present study, we have investigated the in vitro effects of Naringenin and Hesperetin on
key constituent cells of hair; DPCs and keratinocytes. Cellular proliferation in DPCs and HaCaT cells was determined by
MTT assay. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) levels were estimated by ELISA. Naringenin and Hesperetin
significantly increased the proliferation of DPCs and HaCaT cells. Restoration of cell viability against Hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) induced cytotoxicity suggested protection against oxidative stress associated with hair. Stimulation of VEGF
secretion was also observed. The preliminary results obtained here suggest the hair growth promoting properties of
Naringenin and Hesperetin, presenting them as potential candidates for natural hair-growth promoting compositions.
Further, the effect of compounds in ex vivo and in vivo models will substantiate their hair growth promoting properties.
... Iron deficiency leads to hair loss because of oxygen deficiency. Embelica extracts stimulate proliferation of dermal papilla cell in a concentration dependent manner, suggesting their role in hair growth promotion [19]. Its polyherbal ointment and herbal hair oil have hair growth promoting activity [20,21]. ...
Ethnopharmacological relevance:
Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) fruit has been emphasized as a hair tonic in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) and recommended for hair loss orally and topically.
Aim of the study:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of an oral product containing Amla fruit on Female Androgenetic Alopecia (FAGA).
Materials and methods:
This study was a triple-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Sixty women with FAGA were randomly assigned into two groups of thirty. The intervention group received ten cc Amla syrup thrice a day for 12 weeks. The second group received a placebo with the same dose and duration. Hair growth parameters were analyzed using TrichoScan before and after 12 weeks of intervention. Physician and patient satisfaction were assessed using the CGI-I and PGI-I questionnaires, respectively.
Results:
Twenty-seven participants in the intervention group and 25 in the placebo group completed the trial. Based on our findings, the anagen-to-telogen ratio increased significantly in the intervention group compared with the group who received placebo (F = 10.4, P = 0.002). Physician and patient satisfaction increased in the amla group compared with placebo at 12th weeks of intervention (P<0.001), (P<0.001). The formula had no remarkable side effects. Only one case of mild constipation was reported in one of the participants after one month of consuming Amla syrup.
Conclusion:
The results of this study demonstrated that Amla syrup could help treat androgenic hair loss in women and increase the anagen phase. Further studies are needed to evaluate this potential treatment for FAGA.
Hair loss is one of the crucial problems in every one but predominantly it is seen more in males in comparision to that of females. The decline in personality accounts for approximately 90-95 percent of hair loss. Though there are several reasons responsible for causing baldness human such as hormonal abnarmalities, age factors, hereditary, pollution, working environment, stress and many more. Skull hair plays a essential role in the personality development and juvenile look in both male and females and for their care people use shampoos and conditioners full of cosmetic and harmful chemicals which damage the hair and bloks the hair cavities results baldness. Natural herbal oils always have better nourishment hair activity and comparatively lesser or no side effects over synthetic cosmetics hair products. This discovery aimed the reversal of hair loss and reviewing the importance of polyherbal hair oil formulation for the treatment of common hair loss problems such as baldness, alopecia, hair fall, dryness, and most common dandruff. The various herbal ingredients are used in the formulation are: , Amla seed oil, Curry leaves,Neem seed oil, Peppermint oil (Menthapiperita), Almond seed oil, Castor oil, Arendal oil, Coconut oil and Mehendi leaves. All ingredients of this formulation provides numerous essential nutrients required to maintain normal functions of the sebaceous gland and promote revival of new hair and growth. Ckky >M+ us ds mijka r iq u% ckyks a dk mxuk% ikW yh gcZ y rs y fuekZ .k dh ,d uohu [kks t 1 2 3 4 jkts 'k jke ] ver xks a M ] eerk oekZ ,oa lk{kh xq Irk 1]2 lgk;d çks Qs lj] jlk;u foKku foHkkx] ch0,l0,u0oh0 ih0th0 d‚ys t] y[kuÅ&226 001 3 jlk;u foHkkx] uo;q x dU;k egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ&226 004] m0iz 0] Hkkjr 4 jlk;u foKku foHkkx] vkbZ Vh d‚ys t y[kuÅ& 226 007] m0iz 0] Hkkjr rajesh_ram_2006@yahoo.co.in lkj& flj ds ckyks a dk >M+ uk gj fdlh ds fy, egRoiw .kZ leL;kvks a es a ls ,d gS ijUrq eq [; :i ls ;g efgykvks a dh rq yuk es a iq #"kks a es a vf/kd ns [kk tkrk gS A yxHkx 90&95 çfr'kr ckyks a dk >M+ uk O;fDrRo es a fxjkoV ds fy, ftEes nkj gS A ;|fi ekuo xa tkiu iS nk djus ds fy, dbZ vkS j dkj.k Hkh ftEes nkj gS a tS ls gkeks Z uy vlkekU;rk,a ] vk;q dkjd] oa 'kkuq xr] çnw "k.k] dke dk ekgkS y] ruko vkS j dbZ vU;A flj ds cky iq #"k vkS j efgyk nks uks a es a O;fDrRo fodkl vkS j fd'kks j fn[kus es a ,d vko';d Hkw fedk fuHkkrs gS a vkS j mudh ns [kHkky ds fy, yks x d‚Les fVd vkS j gkfudkjd jlk;uks a ls Hkjs 'kS a iw vkS j da Mh'kuj dk mi;ks x djrs gS a tks ckyks a dks gkfu igq a pkrs gS a vkS j ckyks a ds fNaeks a dks vo#) djrs gS a ] ftlls xa tkiu gks rk gS A çk-frd gcZ y rs yks a es a ges 'kk cs grj iks "k.k cky xfrfof/k gks rh gS vkS j fla Fks fVd lkS a n;Z çlk/ku cky mRiknks a ij rq yukRed :i ls de ;k dks bZ nq "çHkko ugha gks rk gS A bl [kks t dk mnñs '; ckyks a ds >M+ us dks myVuk vkS j xa tkiu] [kkfyR;] ckyks a dk >M+ uk] lw [kkiu vkS j lcls vke :lh tS lh lkekU; ckyks a ds >M+ us dh leL;kvks a ds mipkj ds fy, i‚yhgcZ y gs ;j v‚;y Q‚ew Z ys 'ku ds egRo dh leh{kk djuk gS A fuekZ .k es a mi;ks x dh tkus okyh fofHkUu gcZ y lkexz h gS a % Hkà xjkt rs y] vka oyk ds cht dk rs y] djh iRrs ] uhe ds cht dk rs y] iq nhuk dk rs y ¼es a Fkk fiis fjVk½] cknke ds cht dk rs y] vja Mh dk rs y] ukfj;y dk rs y vkS j es ga nh dh ifRr;ka A bl Q‚ew Z ys 'ku ds lHkh rRo olke; xz a fFk ds lkekU; dk;ks a Z dks cuk, j[kus vkS j u, ckyks a ds iq u#)kj vkS j fodkl dks c<+ kok ns us ds fy, vko';d dbZ vko';d iks "kd rRo çnku djrs gS a A cht 'kCn& ckyks a dk >M+ uk] gcZ y] lkS a n;Z çlk/ku] lw =hdj.k] ckyks a dk mxukA vuq la /kku (foKku 'kks /k if=dk) [k.M&10] va d&1] o"kZ &2022 ¼vkbZ-,l-,l-,u-% 2322&0708] bZ-vkbZ-,l-,l-,u-% 2350&0123½ [k.M&10] va d&1] o"kZ &2022] eq 0iz 0 122&130
Diffuse Hair loss (DHL) is a very common problem noticed as hair fall being evident in the shower, on pillows, carpets, on brushed and thinning of scalp hair but not complete baldness, which leads to negative impact on the quality of life of the patients. A medically fit 31 years old female was diagnosed as a case of DHL, and treated with Unani drugs Itrifal Kishneezi and Sufoof Gesu Daraaz for 45 days. The outcome of the study was assessed with HSVS and DLQI scores before and after treatment, and the difference was significant clinically and statistically.
The primary aim of this study is to access the salient herbal plants with the active constituent of potentially anti-hair fall activities. It also presents the various reasons behind hair loss ailments. As part of this study, a focus is placed on active phytochemicals within these medicinal plants or natural products in terms of various hair fall disease treatments. As natural products have a beneficial effect to minimize hair loss and have promoted the potential for new hair growth, it presents the medicinal values of natural plants in reference to safety and effectiveness for health.
Most available therapeutics to address alopecia are based on singular targets and mechanism of action based on the assumption of sub-classification to reflect morphological or etiological sub-classes such as hereditary vs acquired factors, anti-inflammatory vs. non-inflammatory factors or scarring vs. non-scarring factors.
Impact of oral consumption of Diabliss Hair Water, a multi-component herbal water supplement (HWS) on hair fall reduction, hair growth, hair density, hair thickness was investigated in a single arm, exploratory, pilot open label clinical study among healthy male and female subjects of age group between 35-50 years, with hair fall and hair thinning concerns.
The study was conducted under dermatological control and included hair fall by comb test, hair pull test, hair thinning measurement using photo numerical scale (modified Norwood and Ludwig scale) and assessment for hair quality along with the phototrichogram assessment using Trichoscan® with Cutiscope.
The Diabliss HWS was efficacious in improving hair growth rate and density as per TrichoScan® assessment, improvement in hair thickness as per Caslite-Nova software. The Diabliss HWS was also efficacious in improving the hair tensile strength (break force by Chatillon Force gauge), reducing hair fall and improving the hair quality. By the end of the study the Diabliss HWS was found to show an improvement in the entire study population in all of the assessments parameters. Dermatologist assessment parameters of hair texture and hair shine also showed improvements in the entire study population.
The Diabliss HWS was found to be efficacious in providing hair fall control and hair growth benefits as per the dermatological and instrumental evaluations using TrichoScan®. The product was well tolerated with no product related AE or SAE with regular consumption for 06 months.
The primary aim of this study is to access the salient herbal plants with the active constituent of potentially anti-hair fall activities. It also presents the various reasons behind hair loss ailments. As part of this study, a focus is placed on active phytochemicals within these medicinal plants or natural products in terms of various hair fall disease treatments. As natural products have a beneficial effect to minimize hair loss and have promoted the potential for new hair growth, it presents the medicinal values of natural plants in reference to safety and effectiveness for health.
Hair disorders such as hair loss (alopecia) and androgen dependent, excessive hair growth (hirsutism, hypertrichosis) may impact the social and psychological well‐being of an individual. Recent advances in understanding the biology of hair have accelerated the research and development of novel therapeutic and cosmetic hair growth agents. Preclinical models aid in dermocosmetic efficacy testing and claim substantiation of hair growth modulators. The in vitro models to investigate hair growth utilize the hair follicle Dermal Papilla cells (DPCs), specialized mesenchymal cells located at the base of hair follicle that play essential roles in hair follicular morphogenesis and postnatal hair growth cycles. In this review, we have compiled and discussed the extensively reported literature citing DPCs as in vitro model to study hair growth promoting and inhibitory effects. A variety of agents such as herbal and natural extracts, growth factors and cytokines, platelet‐rich plasma, placental extract, stem cells and conditioned medium, peptides, hormones, lipid‐nanocarrier, light, electrical and electromagnetic field stimulation, androgens and their analogs, stress‐serum and chemotherapeutic agents etc. have been examined for their hair growth modulating effects in DPCs. Effects on DPCs’ activity were determined from untreated (basal) or stress induced levels. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and secretion of growth factors were included as primary end‐point markers. Effects on a wide range of biomolecules and mechanistic pathways that play key role in the biology of hair growth were also investigated. This consolidated and comprehensive review summarizes the up‐to‐date information and understanding regarding DPCs based screening models for hair growth and may be helpful for researchers to select the appropriate assay system and biomarkers. This review highlights the pivotal role of DPCs in the forefront of hair research as screening platforms by providing insights into mechanistic action at cellular level, which may further direct the development of novel hair growth modulators. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Ethnopharmacological relevance:
Preparations from Phyllanthus emblica called Amalaki rasayana is used in the Indian traditional medicinal system of Ayurveda for healthy living in elderly. The biological effects and its mechanisms are not fully understood. Since the diminishing DNA repair is the hallmark of ageing, we tested the influence of Amalaki rasayana on recognized DNA repair activities in healthy aged individuals.
Methods:
Amalaki rasayana was prepared fresh and healthy aged randomized human volunteers were administrated with either rasayana or placebo for 45 days strictly as per the traditional text. The DNA repair was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after rasayana administration; and after 45 days post-rasayana treatment regimen. UVC-induced DNA strand break repair (DSBR) based on extent of DNA unwinding by fluorometric analysis, nucleotide excision repair (NER) by flow cytometry and constitutive base excision repair (BER) by gap filling method were analyzed.
Results:
Amalaki rasayana administration stably maintained/enhanced the DSBR in aged individuals. There were no adverse side effects. Further, subjects with different body mass index showed differential DNA strand break repair capacity. No change in unscheduled DNA synthesis during NER and BER was observed between the groups.
Conclusion:
Intake of Amalaki rasayana by aged individuals showed stable maintenance of DNA strand break repair without toxic effects. However, there was no change in nucleotide and base excision repair activities. Results warrant further studies on the effects of Amalaki rasayana on DSBR activities.
This review presents an overview on plants identified to possess hair growth activity in various ethno-botanical studies and surveys of tradition medicinal plants. It also highlights the developments in hair rejuvenation strategies from 1926 till-date and reviews the potential of herbal drugs as safer and effective alternatives. There are various causes for hair loss and the phenomenon is still not fully understood. The treatments offered include both natural or synthetic products to treat the condition of hair loss (alopecia), nonetheless natural products are continuously gaining popularity mainly due to their fewer side effects and better formulation strategies for natural product extracts. Plants have been widely used for hair growth promotion since ancient times as reported in Ayurveda, Chinese and Unani systems of medicine. This review covers information about different herbs and herbal formulation that are believed to be able to reduce the rate of hair loss and at the same time stimulate new hair growth. A focus is placed on their mechanism of action and the review also covers various isolated phytoconstituents possessing hair growth promoting effect.
There is a growing focus on the importance of medicinal plants and traditional health systems in solving the health care problems of the world. Use of plants as a source of medicine has come to new developing world from ancient practices. In this study, the most recent studies published in experimental advances in medicinal plants during January 2010 to April 2011 have been reviewed to indicate the extent of advances using ASCI database. Most of studies addressed antioxidant effects of medicinal plants followed by antimicrobial, anti-diabetic anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antifungal and anticancer properties. Fabaceae was found to be the most abundantly studied family with a total of eleven studied plants, followed by Lamiaceae, Combretaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rubiaceae, Zingiberaceae, Apiaceae, Compositae, Anarcadiaceae, Acanthaceae, Asciepiadaceae and Rutaceae. In spite of the fact that tremendous efforts were done by the researchers by providing an alternate with minimum side effects, easy accessibility and excellent compatibility, future clinical trials and standardization are still desired as an important steps in drug discovery.
Hair suffers aggression ; there can be some aliments to normal health of hair and cause trouble. The main problems associated with hair such as pigmentation problems (Fading) , dandruff and falling of hair (Shedding). Shedding of hair is a common and ever increasing problem in cosmetics as well as primary health care practice. It is a universal problem, having affected both sexes of all races to different extents for as long as mankind has existed. The herbs used in the hair care have a definite history in the system of Ayruveda. About 1000 kinds of palnt extract have been examined with respect to hair growth. This review describe the use of some natural products for hair growth promotion, plant parts used, chemical composition, the active responsible for effect and with a brief description of major use.
Hair formulation of Emblica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae), Bacopa, monnieri (Scrophulariaceae), Trigonella foenumgraecum (Leguminosae), Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) in various concentrations in the form of herbal oil were studied for their hair growth activity. Each drug was tested for their hair growth activity in a concentration range for 1-10% separately. Based on these results mixture of crude drugs Murraya koeniigi , leaf (Rutaceae), Bacopa monnieri , leaf (Scrophulariaceae), Trigonella foenumgraecum (Leguminosae), Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) were prepared in varying concentration in the form of herbal hair oil by three different oils preparation techniques and were tested for hair growth activity. The result revealed that the hair growth activity of each drug was found proportional to the concentration range tested. Similarly higher concentrations of drug in the formulation were found to have higher hair growth activities. But looking towards the formulation viscosity the maximum concentration of combined drug was found to be 30% at their maximum level. The formulation containing 7.5% of each drug used for the study and showed excellent hair growth activity with standard (2% minoxidil ethanolic solution) by an enlargement of follicular size and prolongation of the anagen phase. It holds the promise of potent herbal alternative for minoxidil. Excellent results of hair growth were seen in formulation prepared by cloth pouch decoction method of oils preparation technique.
Male pattern baldness affects up to half of the male Caucasian population by middle age, and almost all Caucasian men by old age. Especially in younger men, this heritable form of hair loss can have significant psycho-social consequences. Although approved pharmacological agents exist to manage the condition, none of the currently available options are highly efficacious. New treatments under development, and acceleration in our understanding of the underlying molecular genetic aetiology of this condition provide increased hope for future targeted treatment strategies.
Fifty-six Japanese with male pattern baldness were evaluated for changes in their hair diameters over three years. The mean hair diameter significantly decreased each year. The average decrease was 1.1 microns per year. Although the percentage of vellus hair increased by 3.6% over three years, this increase rate was lower than that found in Caucasians. To precisely examine the change in hair diameter, the mean distribution of this diameter was investigated. At the beginning of the study, clear peaks were observed at 95 microns in the twenties and 45 microns in the fifties. The number of thicker hairs decreased and the high frequency peak shifted to a thinner hair diameter over 3 years. To quantify the change in the distribution of hair diameter, the percentage of hairs of more than 60 microns was examined. There was a statistically significant 5.61% decrease in the percentage of hairs with a diameter of more than 60 microns over three years. Our findings suggest that the progression of male pattern baldness in Japanese is slower than that of Caucasians and that the percentage of hairs of more than 60 microns is a sensitive index to evaluate the progression of male pattern baldness and the effects of hair growth or hair loss preventive agents.
Hair dermal papilla cells are specialized mesenchymal cells that exist in the dermal papilla located at the bottom of hair follicles. These cells play pivotal roles in hair formation, growth, and cycling. Hair follicle formation is usually directed by an aggregation of dermal mesenchymal cells, the origin of dermal papilla cells, in the embryonic skin. We noticed that cultured dermal papilla cells also have hair-forming activity and do not lose the activity even after long-term cultivation, if they are cultured with conditioned medium from keratinocytes obtained from the sole or with a medium containing fibroblast growth factor. The secreted factors from keratinocytes and fibroblast growth factor are, therefore, important for maintaining the cellular properties of dermal papilla cells. Even if the hair bulb, including the hair matrix and the dermal papilla, has been removed from vibrissal follicles in vivo, the new hair matrix and papilla can regenerate from the rest of the follicle, and eventually a hair shaft regrows. It has been reported that hair bulb regeneration does not occur when the lower half of a hair follicle is removed. However, new hair bulbs were formed in the remaining upper halves of vibrissal follicles if the amputated follicles had been implanted under the kidney capsule. The formed bulbs were small and pelage-type, not large vibrissa-type. Histological studies showed that the new dermal papillae were derived from dermal sheath cells surrounding upper follicular epidermis, and the new hair matrices were produced from the follicular epidermis. Moreover, the upper halves of vibrissal follicles reformed large vibrissa-type bulbs when they were associated with dermal papillae or cultured papilla cells and implanted in the kidney. Thus, dermal papilla cells and probably dermal sheath cells have the ability to induce and form hair bulbs under preferred environmental conditions. Attempts to identify the genes and proteins associated with hair-forming activity of dermal papilla cells have been carried out. We and other groups successfully isolated the molecules that were specifically expressed in dermal papilla cells. The nature of the hair-producing factors could be understood through the studies of these molecules.
The effect of cultured normal human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and conditioned medium prepared with cultured DPCs on chemotactic migration of human hair outer root sheath cells (ORSCs) was examined quantitatively. ORSCs showed significantly increased migration toward both cultured DPCs and the conditioned medium suggesting that DPCs produce and secrete a paracrine factor(s), which attracts hair follicle epithelial cells. Some soluble factors, which are reportedly produced by DPCs, such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), were also examined. ORSCs showed dramatically increased migration toward IGF-I and HGF at concentrations of 1-10 ng/ml. On the other hand, neither VEGF nor TGF-beta1 showed any effect on the chemotaxis of ORSCs. It is interesting that all factors involving mitogenic activity did not always have chemotactic activity for ORSCs. This is the first report to establish that IGF-I and HGF have not only a growth stimulatory but also a chemotactic effect on ORSCs. In addition, the method presented here may help to simplify chemotaxis assays of any type of epithelial keratinocytes with poor mobility.
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in men. The relative strong concordance of the degree of baldness in fathers and sons is not consistent with a smiple Mendelian trait and a polygenic basis is considered to be most likely. So far the predisposing genes for AGA are unknown and we do not understand the molecular steps involved in androgen-dependent beard growth versus androgen-dependent hair loss, but AGA can be defined as a DHT-dependent process with continuous miniaturization of sensitive hair follicles. The type 2 5aR plays a central role by the intrafollicular conversion of T to DHT. Due to the inceasing knowledge in this field, this article shall privide an critical overwiew of recent discoveries.
