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Nutritional Characteristics of Calystegia japonica
Abstract
In the present study, the proximate composition, sugar, minerals, total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and amino acids in Calystegia japonica (C. japonica) were measured to determine if it can be used as a nutritional and functional material for the development of valuable foods. The mean crude protein, fat, and ash contents of the leaves were 5.75, 2.46, and 7.77%, respectively. The soluble-protein contents of the leaves and roots were 146.78 and 33.67 mg%, respectively. The reducing-sugar and free-sugar contents of the leaves were 682.70 and 166.00 mg%, respectively, and those of the roots were 2,934.89 and 37.70 mg%. The mineral content of the leaves was 3,122.13 mg%, and that of the roots was 1,540.85 mg%. The three elements Ca, K, and Mg were very rich in all their parts, with minerals accounting for 96-99% of their total mineral contents. The total phenolic compound of the leaves was 3,028.89 mg%, and the total flavonoid compound was 382.67 mg%. The phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the leaves were more than 7.6 times those in the roots. The free-amino acid levels in the leaves and roots were 2,467.15 and 1,334.81 mg%, respectively. The results of the comparison of the leaves and roots of C. japonica showed that the leaves had a rich proximate composition consisting of minerals, total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and amino acid. This suggests that C. japonica leaves are potentially useful sources of functional and favorite foods and nutraceuticals.
... et Schult (convolvulaceae) is a perennial herb that grows on coastal sand dunes worldwide (14). This plant has been extensively used in traditional medicine for general consumption and as a type of herbal treatment, since it is considered to confer bioactive effects against rheumatic arthritis, sore throat, dropsy, scurvy, fever and diarrhea (15)(16)(17). in particular, fractions of C. soldanella have been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory (18)(19)(20), antifungal (21), antiviral (22)(23)(24)(25), anticancer (26,27) and analgesic effects (28). although the various bioactivities of C. soldanella have been assessed, its effects on colon cancer have not been explored. ...
Calystegia soldanella is a halophyte and a perennial herb that grows on coastal sand dunes worldwide. Extracts from this plant have been previously revealed to have a variety of bioactive properties in humans. However, their effects on colorectal cancer cells remain poorly understood. In the present study, the potential biological activity of C. soldanella extracts in the colorectal cancer cell line HT‑29 was examined. First, five solvent fractions [n‑hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, n‑butanol and water] were obtained from the crude extracts of C. soldanella through an organic solvent extraction method. In particular, the DCM fraction was demonstrated to exert marked dose‑ and time‑dependent inhibitory effects according to results from the cell viability assay. Data obtained from the apoptosis assay suggested that the inhibition of HT‑29 cell viability induced by DCM treatment was attributed to increased apoptosis. The apoptotic rate was markedly increased in a dose‑dependent manner, which was associated with the protein expression levels of apoptosis‑related proteins, including increased Fas, Bad and Bax, and decreased pro‑caspase‑8, Bcl‑2, Bcl‑xL, pro‑caspase‑9, pro‑caspase‑7 and pro‑caspase‑3. A mitochondrial membrane potential assay demonstrated that more cells became depolarized and the extent of cytochrome c release was markedly increased in a dose‑dependent manner in HT‑29 cells treated with DCM. In addition, cell cycle analysis confirmed S‑phase arrest following DCM fraction treatment, which was associated with decreased protein expression levels of cell cycle‑related proteins, such as cyclin A, CDK2, cell division cycle 25 A and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1. Based on these results, the present study suggested that the DCM fraction of the C. soldanella extract can inhibit HT‑29 cell viability whilst inducing apoptosis through mitochondrial membrane potential regulation and S‑phase arrest. These results also suggested that the DCM fraction has potential anticancer activity in HT‑29 colorectal cells. Further research on the composition of the DCM fraction is warranted.
... Some studies have shown that this plant species exhibits various biological activities. Another species, C. japonica, which has been used as a traditional medicine to treat urination problems, fever, or diarrhea in Chinese and oriental herb medicine (33,34). Moreover, C. soldanella has been shown to exhibit a number of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, and analgesic properties, and more specifically, inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphate 1B (PTP1B) (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). ...
The representative halophyte Calystegia soldanella (L) Roem. et Schult is a perennial vine herb that grows in coastal dunes throughout South Korea as well as in other regions around the world. This plant has long been used as an edible and medicinal herb to cure rheumatic arthritis, sore throat, dropsy, and scurvy. Some studies have also shown that this plant species exhibits various biological activities. However, there are few studies on cytotoxicity induced by C. soldanella treatment in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this study, we investigated the viability of HepG2 cells following treatment with crude extracts and four solvent-partitioned fractions of C. soldanella. Of the crude extract and four solvent fractions tested, treatment with the 85% aqueous methanol (aq. MeOH) fraction resulted in the greatest inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation. Flow cytometry showed that the 85% aq. MeOH fraction induced a G0/G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle progression. The 85% aq. MeOH fraction arrested HepG2 cells at the G0/G1 phase in a concentration-dependent manner, and resulted in decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, CDK4, CDK6, p21, and p27. Additionally, the 85% aq. MeOH fraction treatment also arrested HepG2 cells in the S phase, with decreased expression of cyclin A, CDK2, and CDC25A. Also, treatment with this fraction reduced the expression of retinoblastoma (RB) protein and the transcription factor E2F. These results suggest that the 85% aq. MeOH fraction exhibits potential anticancer activity in HepG2 cells by inducing G0/G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle.
Shihwa tidal freshwater marsh was constructed recently to treat pollutants entering Shihwa lake. In this study, we examined the spatial and temporal patterns of heavy metal accumulation in soils of Shihwa marsh and sought correlations between several soil variables (pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, and acid ammonium oxalate-extractable Fe and Al contents) and the heavy metal concentration of soils. Surface soil samples (0∼20 cm) were collected in June 2000, November 2000, and July 2001, and were analyzed for heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, As, and Hg) and soil chemical properties. The neutral pH and water-saturated conditions of Shihwa marsh appeared to favor immobilization of heavy metal through adsorption onto soils. The concentrations of heavy metal (especially Zn, Cu, and Cr) in soils of Shihwa marsh increased along the sampling occasions, suggesting that soils of Shihwa marsh serve as a sink of heavy metal. Among the sub-marshes, metal concentrations were highest in Banweol high marshes and lowest in Samhwa marshes. The temporal and spatial variations in the heavy metal concentrations of soils were correlated positively with organic matter and oxalate extractable Fe and Al contents, but negatively with electrical conductivity. These results suggest that organic matter and hydrous oxide of Fe/Al may playa key role in removing heavy metals in soils of Shihwa marsh, and that heavy metal removing capacity would increase with desalinization. However, the removal patterns of heavy metal by reeds warrant further studies to evaluate the total removal capacity of heavy metals by Shihwa marsh.
Antioxidant activities of water extracts of 20 medicinal plants (1 mg/mL) on peroxidation of linolic acid were evaluated by thiocyanate method, among which 11 showed strong antioxidant activity (> 70%). Higher hydroxy radical scavenging activity (> 60%) were shown in Corner officinalis, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, and Epimedium koreanum than the other plants. Epimedium koreanum than the other plants extract showed highest superoxide radical scavenging activity (42%). Total polyphenol contents ranged from . Direct correlation between the antioxidant activity and polyphenol content (r=0.8) was established through simple regression analysis. for selected four plant extracts, showing highest polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities, were significantly higher than positive control. Total antioxidant activity of vitamin c was significantly lower than those of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Epimedium koreanum, and Erythrina variegata. Superoxide radical scavenging activity of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus was similar to BHA. Results suggest water extracts of some medicinal plants could be potential candidates for natural antioxidants.
The methods described in this article are quick, simple, and inexpensive to perform. The Folin quantitation method can determine both free and total polyphenol antioxidants in foods and beverages as described, as well as botanical extracts. This assay may also be used to estimate the daily per capita consumption of polyphenols in foods. The dose-response in vitro lower density lipoprotein antioxidant activity measurement (IC50) can be employed to compare antioxidants as pure compounds, or in mixtures after quantitating the polyphenols. The ex vivo lipoprotein-binding antioxidant activity can be measured simply and rapidly to determine possible in vivo binding of pure compounds or extracts from foods. Supplementation and epidemiology studies can utilize the rapid and inexpensive affinity column isolation method of lower density lipoproteins for the determination of lipoprotein oxidative susceptibility.
In Latin America, pulse consumption ranges from 1 kg/capita per year (Argentina) to 25 kg/capita per year (Nicaragua). Common beans account for 87 % of the total. The differences between countries, regions or groups of population within the same country can be explained by the following factors: (1) beans are very nutritious; (2) beans and maize are traditional foods and the habit of consuming them is deeply rooted in many people and communities; (3) the rural population eats more pulses than the urban population, due to geographical constraints that limit exchanges and favour consumption of locally produced foods; (4) income level, beans are still the poor man's meat; and (5) other factors, such as consumers' taste, the constraints on cooking beans, etc. The evolution of the consumption level in the future will depend on the urbanization of the population, access to processed foods and income level. Health issues would be an argument for maintaining or increasing the current consumption level.
Phenolics were extracted from litchi fruit pericarp (LFP) tissues, purified and their antioxidant properties analyzed. LFP phenolics strongly inhibited linoleic acid oxidation and exhibited a dose-dependent free-radical scavenging activity against α,α- diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) and hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions. The degradation of deoxyribose by hydroxyl radicals was inhibited by phenolics acting mainly as iron ion chelators, rather than by directly scavenging the radicals. Phenolics from litchi fruit pericarp were found to display similar reducing power activity as ascorbic acid. The effect of phenolic compound treatment on pericarp browning and electrolyte leakage of litchi fruit was also evaluated and it was observed that application of exogenous litchi phenolics to harvested litchi fruit significantly prevented pericarp browning and delayed increases in electrolyte leakage. These results suggest that litchi pericarp tissue phenolics could be beneficial in scavenging free radicals, maintaining membrane integrity and, thereby inhibiting pericarp browning of litchi fruit.
This study examined the physiological activities as well as the total polyphenol and flavonoid content of water extract (WE), ethanol extract (EE) and hot water extract of Calystegia japonica leaves under high pressure (HWE). The xanthine oxidase inhibitory rate of EE was the highest with a value of 98.89% at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, whereas the rate of WE and HWE was over 90% at a concentration of 0.3 mg/mL. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of HWE was the highest at 18.88%. The nitrite scavenging abilities were 64.59-66.46% at conditions of pH 1.2 and 1.0 mg/mL, and 52.78-55.89% at pH 3.0. The electron donating ability of EE was the highest with a value of 84.80% at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. All extracts showed the highest degree of electron donating at the concentration of 0.1 mg/ mL, and this effect decreased as the extract concentration increased. The EE had the highest content of total polyphenol compound (173.89 mg/g) and flavonoid compounds (40.68 mg/g).
We measured the levels of soluble protein, sugar, free amino acids, minerals, total polyphenols, and flavonoid compounds in Syneilesis palmata as part of a study on nutritional and functional materials for development of valuable foods. The content of soluble protein in the aerial and root portions were 210.36 mg% and 870.42 mg%, respectively. The amount of reducing sugar was 848.12 mg% (aerial parts) and 1,420.91 mg% (roots), and that of free sugar was 14.85 mg% in aerial parts and 355.00 mg% in roots. The free amino acid level in aerial parts was 1,613.10 mg% and that in roots was 3,282.96 mg%. The mineral content of aerial parts was 3,531.53 mg% and that of roots was 1,878.34 mg%. The K, Ca, and Mg levels were greater than those of other minerals, with K comprising more than 75% of the total mineral content. The levels of polyphenol and flavonoid compounds in aerial parts were 1,920.00 mg% and 843.95 mg%, respectively, and those in roots were 487.56 mg% and 91.07 mg%, respectively.
In order to determine optimal conditions for the preparation of Japanese apricot wine, the changes in major components were experimented during ripening. A weight was at June 22 or so. Moisture was reached at that time. Respiration amounts were decreased by degrees during the ripening of Japanese apricot but came near climacteric maximum state about June 22. pH was decreased from to , titratible acidity was increased from to . Fe was detected most of all and Zn, Mg, Cu and Ca were checked by the next order in mineral contents. And the rate of mineral contents was decreasing phenomenon slightly with ripening. Total sugar, about June 8, was higher than any other time with and reducing sugar was increased with similarly a tendency of total sugar. Malic and citric acid were much of organic acids. The content of malic acid was decreased greatly but ctric acid was increased during ripening.
This study has been carried out to investigate the chemical composition of Acorus calamus L., a wild plant (Chang Po) which has long been used as a medicine or a hair rinse in Korea and China. Potassium was found to be the most predominant mineral in leaf and root, followed by calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, in a decreasing order. Contents of potassium in leaf and root account for 54a.65 mg% and 242.87 mg%, respectively. Contents of these minerals in leaf were higher value than that in root. Glucose and fructose were found to be the major free sugars in leaf and root. Malic acid was the most abundant organic acid of leaf and root, and followed by citric acid. Fourteen different kinds of fatty acids were identified from the leaf and root. Content of unsaturated fatty acids. such as linolenic, and linoleic acid ware higher than that of saturated fatty acids. Content of total amino acids was 3 times higher in leaf than that in root. Leucine was the major amino acid in leaf and glutamic acid in root.
Volatile flavor components from various edible portions of Calystegia japonica were collected b Volatile Flavor Components in Various Edible Portions of Calystegia japonica . | Korea Science window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({appId: '144776682301842', status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true}); }; (function() { var e = document.createElement('script'); e.type = 'text/javascript'; e.src = document.location.protocol+'//connect.facebook.net/ko_KR/all.js'; e.async = true; }()); function showUserInfo(id) { FB.api({ method: 'fql.query', query: 'SELECT name, pic_square FROM user WHERE uid='+id },function(response){ document.getElementById('userInfo').innerHTML += '' + response[0].name; }); } function dial() { FB.ui({ method: 'feed', name: document.title, link: document.URL, picture: 'http://www.koreascience.or.kr/img/main_logo.gif', caption: 'Volatile Flavor Components in Various Edible Portions of Calystegia japonica .', description: 'Title & Authors : Volatile Flavor Components in Various Edible Portions of Calystegia japonica . Lee, Mie-Soon @ Choi, Hyang-Sook | ', message: 'Facebook Dialogs are easy!' //????몃?????? 湲?? },function(response) { if (response && response.post_id) { //alert('Post was published.'); } else { //alert('Post was not published.'); } }); } function display_div(){ document.getElementById("cited_text_by").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("cited_text_by_crossref").style.display="none"; } function cited_by(){ if(document.getElementById("cited_text_by").style.display=="none"){ document.getElementById("cited_text_by").style.display=""; }else{ document.getElementById("cited_text_by").style.display="none"; } } function cited_by_crossref(){ if(document.getElementById("cited_text_by_crossref").style.display=="none"){ document.getElementById("cited_text_by_crossref").style.display=""; }else{ document.getElementById("cited_text_by_crossref").style.display="none"; } } function pdf_view(url,koi,cn){ window.open("ArticleFull_pdf.jsp?url="+url+'&koi='+koi+'&cn='+cn); return; } function goPdf(url){ window.open("/search/articlepdf_ocean.jsp?url="+url); return; } function goOutside(url){ if(confirm("You need a subscription to view full-text of this article.")){ window.open("http://"+url); } return; } (function(){ (".skip_navi a").focus(function(){ (this).addClass("on");}); (".skip_navi a").blur(function(){ (".skip_navi a").removeClass("on");}); }); Go to the main menu Skip to content Go to bottom search word HOME > Journal Browse > About Journal > Journal Vol & Issue > Full Record Volatile Flavor Components in Various Edible Portions of Calystegia japonica . Journal title : Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology Volume 26, Issue ,4, 1994, pp.359-364 Publisher : Korean Society of Food Science and Technology Title & Authors Volatile Flavor Components in Various Edible Portions of Calystegia japonica . Lee, Mie-Soon ; Choi, Hyang-Sook ; Abstract Volatile flavor components from various edible portions of Calystegia japonica were collected by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction(SDE) method using diethyl ether as solvent. Essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography(GC) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Thirty nine volatile flavor components, including 21 hydrocarbons, 1 aldehyde, 4 ketones, 7 alcohols, 4 esters, 1 acid and 1 miscellaneous one were confirmed in leaves. Twenty six components, including 16 hydrocarbons, 2 aldehydes, 3 ketones and 5 alcohols were confirmed in stems, and 52 components, including 26 hydrocarbons, 2 aldehydes, 5 ketones, 13 alcohols, 1 ester, 1 acid and 4 miscellaneous ones were confirmed in roots. The kinds and amounts of volatile flavor components revealed different patterns depending upon various edible portions. Relatively greater numbers of volatile flavor components were identified in roots compared with other portions of this wild plant.
Methods for the quantitative analysis of anthocyanins, leuco-anthocyanins, flavanols and total phenols in plant tissue extracts are critically examined and suitable modifications of existing methods are described.
Propolis is extensively used in Argentine folk medicine. Alcoholic extracts of propolis from different regions of Argentina were prepared. The extracts were analysed for the determination of total flavonoid content (from 13.3 to 42.6 mg/g of propolis) by using the aluminum nitrate method, UV spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography. All of them contained high total flavonoid content. It was also observed that all samples of ethanolic extracts of propolis showed free radical-scavenging activity in terms of scavenging of the radical DPPH but the highest activities were found for samples from Tucumán and Santiago del Estero. In all cases with 20 μg/ml of soluble principles, the percentage of DPPH degradation was different (Banda Oeste: 67.5%; Verónica: 45%; Forres: 35%; Saenz Peña: 20% and Juan José Castelli: 55%). These results may justify their use as a source of natural antioxidants.
The GC-MS analysis of 65 convolvulaceous species from many, predominantly tropical provenances, belonging to 22 genera (9 tribes), revealed the occurrence of one to five calystegines in 30 species belonging to 15 genera (8 tribes). This indicates the chemotaxonomic significance of these glycosidase inhibiting polyhydroxy-nortropanes for the Convolvulaceae.
Pekmez is a very popular and traditional food products in Turkey and it is produced in almost every region of the country. Fruits containing high sugar like mulberry, plum, apple, and mainly grape are used as raw material in the production of Pekmez. According to investigations in Turkey, about 20% of all growth grapes were used in Pekmez production in 1982, this ratio was about 18% in 1992 (Nas and Nas, 1987; Batu and Aktan, 1992; Batu, 1993). Pekmez has been produced since ancient but its production technique has not been developed. Fruit-juice, which was obtained with different techniques, used in producing Pekmez, is boiled with the Pekmez soil (this soil is added to the grape-juice in order to neutralize its acidity and contains 50-90% of CaC03, and it has various colors from white to light brown). After than, it is concentrated in the boiler on naked flame after filtration. This concentrated fruit-juice is a very clear and brownish
Low micronutrient intake is implicated in a diversity of human health problems, ranging from problems associated with food insufficiency to those associated with food over-consumption. Humans are members of the order primates, suborder anthropoidea, and are most closely related to the great apes. Humans and apes are remarkably similar biologically. In the wild, apes and monkeys consume diets composed largely of plant foods, primarily the fruits and leaves of tropical forest trees and vines. Considerable evidence indicates that the ancestral line giving rise to humans (Homo spp.) was likewise strongly herbivorous (plant-eating). The wild plant parts consumed by apes and monkeys show moderate to high levels of many minerals and vitamins. The estimated daily intake of specific minerals, vitamin C and some other vitamins by wild primates is often quite high in comparison to intake levels of these same micronutrients recommended for humans. Are the high micronutrient intakes of wild primates simply a non-functional, unavoidable by-product of their strongly plant-based diets or might they actually be serving important as yet undetermined immunological or other beneficial functions? A better understanding of the basis for this apparent difference between humans and wild primates could help to clarify the range and proportions of micronutrients best suited for optimal human development, health and longevity.
Cancer prevention and treatment using traditional Chinese medicines have attracted increasing interest. This study characterizes antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer, comprising 112 species from 50 plant families. The improved ABTS(*+) method was used to systematically assess the total antioxidant capacity (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, TEAC) of the medicinal extracts. The TEAC values and total phenolic content for methanolic extracts of herbs ranged from 46.7 to 17,323 micromol Trolox equivalent/100 g dry weight (DW), and from 0.22 to 50.3 g of gallic acid equivalent/100 g DW, respectively. A positive, significant linear relationship between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (all R(2) values>/=0.95) showed that phenolic compounds were the dominant antioxidant components in the tested medicinal herbs. Major types of phenolic compounds from most of the tested herbs were preliminarily identified and analyzed, and mainly included phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, lignans, quinones, stilbenes, and curcuminoids. These medicinal herbs exhibited far stronger antioxidant activity and contained significantly higher levels of phenolics than common vegetables and fruits. Traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer might be potential sources of potent natural antioxidants and beneficial chemopreventive agents.
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