Using Multivariat Statistics
... Out of 720, the researchers received 328 useable responses (with a rate response of 46 percent). Based on the sample-to-variable ratio of 20:1 as a "bare minimum requirement" for multiple or hierarchical regression analysis (Hair et al., 2018;Tabachnick and Fidell, 2013), 328 is an acceptable sample size for Table 1 demonstrates the sample profile. ...
... Prior to testing the study's hypotheses in the conceptual model, some tests were conducted to guarantee consistency with the underlying assumptions identified for the covariance analyses. First, a logarithmic correction was employed to alter the distribution of the frequency of presenteeism, as advised by Tabachnick and Fidell (2013) and used by other authors (Côté et al., 2021;Gosselin et al., 2013). Second, the scales' reliability and validity were assessed, and the findings are given in Table 2. ...
... Finally, confirmatory factor analyses were done using AMOS version 24 to measure the proposed model fitness with data. A number of indicators were also employed, including Chi-square/df < 5 (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2013), the "Comparative Fit" Index (CFI), the "Goodness of Fit" Index (GFI), the "Tucker-Lewis" Index (TLI) above 0.9, and the "Root Mean Square Error Approximation" (RMSEA) is less than 0.08 (Hair et al., 2012). Model fit indicators were: (CMIN/DF = 2.767; p = 0.00; GFI = 0.843; CFI = 0.927; TLI = 0.914; and RMSEA = 0.074), indicating acceptable measurement model fit (Byrne, 2013). ...
Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm and the ecological modernization theory (EMT), the current study examines the mediating effect of green innovation (GI) between green manufacturing practices (GMP) and corporate sustainable performance (CSP). In addition, it investigates the moderating effect of green organizational culture (GOC) on the relationship between GMP and GI. To test the hypothesized model, the data was collected from 328 Saudi manufacturing SMEs and analyzed using the hierarchical regression analysis in SPSS. The empirical results confirmed the effect of GMP on GI, which in turn, has an effect on CSP. The results also confirmed the positive effect of GMP on CSP through GI, which is enhanced by the presence of GOC. Thus, this study expands our understanding of the GMP-CSP relationship, its potential mechanism, and its conditional effect. This study has valuable contributions to the sustainability and green literature, and it has managerial implications for firms seeking to develop effective sustainable performance.
... Factor analysis (FA) was undertaken with the aim of further assess the measurement items used in the study. Consistent with the Tabachnick and Fidell (2001), factor analysis is best way to comprehend the underlying structure about particular theory and its variables in analysis. ...
... Henceforth, factor analysis is way to observe the potential underlying dimensions that can be recognized through the characteristics of variables which are grouped together in a meaningful way. This can be attained by grouping variables which are highly correlated with each other (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2001). Generally two techniques of factor analysis are employed to determine the variable of interest from the set of coherent subsets that are relatively independent from each other: exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factory analysis (CFA) (Hair et al., 2012). ...
... In this study, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was executed to inspect the structure of the measurement items compare with the variables offered in the theoretical framework. Among the various methods of extraction such as principal component analysis (PCA), principle factors, maximum likelihood factoring, image factoring, alpha factoring and un-weighted and generalized weighted least squares factoring (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2001), PCA was selected to generate the initial solutions for the EFA. The PCA helps to extract the maximum variance from the data set, in a way that first component extract highest variance and last component extract least variance. ...
... DFA modelinin kabul edilebilir olması için "uyum iyiliği kriterleri" ne bakılmaktadır. Kriterlerin önerilen kabul aralığı aşağıdaki tablo 2'de sunulmaktadır (Tabachnick ve Fidell, 2007;Sümer, 2000;Uzun, Gelbal ve Öğretmen, 2010 ...
... Normlaştırılmış Uyum İndeksi (NFI) 0 ile 1 arasında değişir. 1'e yaklaşması mükemmel uyuma işaret eder (Uzun, Gelbal ve Öğretmen, 2010;Tabachnick ve Fidell, 2007;Sümer, 2000). ...
... Ölçek, temel bileşenler analizine tabi tutularak eldeki verilerin analiz için uygunluğu test edilmiştir. Bu çerçevede değişkenler arası korelasyon, uç ve kayıp değerlerden arınıklık ve veri setinin normal dağılımı, örneklem büyüklüğü ve örnekleme yeterliliğidir (KMO ve Bartlett's küresellik testi; Çokluk, Şekercioğlu ve Büyüköztürk, 2010;Tabachnick ve Fidell, 2007). Geçerlik ölçme aracının amaca hizmet etme ve ölçülmek istenilen şeyi gerçekten ölçüyor olması durumudur (Karasar, 2003). ...
This study aims to develop a valid and reliable scale that can be used to determine the university students’ level of perception on the difficulties in learning English as a foreign language. During the study process, the scale was applied to 147 students for the preliminary assessment, and after validity and reliability analysis, it was rearranged to be ready for the actual application. In the examination of the validity of English Language Learning Difficulties Scale (ELLDS), an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted in order to determine its structural validity. AFA was carried out on the data obtained from the first group of participants (275 students), and CFA was carried out on the data obtained from the second group of participants (331 students). According to the value obtained as a result of the scale The total reliability value of the scale was found to be.89. In this study, the load value of each factor was calculated, and as a result, Cronbach’s Alpha value for the items under the application factor was seen to be .85, and Cronbach’s Alpha value for the items under environment – material factor was seen .77, and for the items under interest – willingness factor Cronbach’s Alfa value was found .80, and for the items under social facilities factor Cronbach’s Alfa value was found to be .71. In the examination of the structural validity of the ELLDS; according to the data obtained from the results of the confirmatory factor analysis 𝜒2=247,23, sd=80, and p value was found significant (p=.000).The calculated value was 𝜒2/sd=3,09. This value was regarded as an indicator of a good harmony of the ELLDS in general. development, 15 items were classified under four factors. When evaluations are made considering all the findings; it can be said that, the scale, the validity and the reliability of which were tested, can be used at determining students’ level of perception of difficulties in English language learning.
... The predictor variables were z-standardized and screened for univariate outliers. No standardized case outside the absolute value of 3.29 (two-tailed) was found (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2014). Squared Mahalanobis distances indicated the absence of multivariate outliers. ...
... To compare the data fit of the models with and without the people model predictor, a −2 Log likelihood difference test for nested models was performed (Weiber and Mühlhaus, 2010). The test corresponds to a stepwise (or hierarchical) regression in which all variables representing perceptual information are forced into the model in a first block and the people model is introduced as predictor variable in a second block (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2014). For all logistic regressions, the binomial logit link function was used. ...
... In total, 1,740 passing decisions could be analyzed. The lack of inordinately large parameter estimates or standard errors in the regression models provided no reason to suspect a problem with outcome groups being perfectly predicted by any variable or there being too many empty cells (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2014). The converging solutions and absence of exceedingly large standard errors for parameter estimates indicated the absence of multicollinearity. ...
The importance of various information sources in decision-making in interactive team sports is debated. While some highlight the role of the perceptual information provided by the current game context, others point to the role of knowledge-based information that athletes have regarding their team environment. Recently, an integrative perspective considering the simultaneous involvement of both of these information sources in decision-making in interactive team sports has been presented. In a theoretical example concerning passing decisions, the simultaneous involvement of perceptual and knowledge-based information has been illustrated. However, no precast method of determining the contribution of these two information sources empirically has been provided. The aim of this article is to bridge this gap and present a statistical approach to estimating the effects of perceptual information and associative knowledge on passing decisions. To this end, a sample dataset of scenario-based passing decisions is analyzed. This article shows how the effects of perceivable team positionings and athletes' knowledge about their fellow team members on passing decisions can be estimated. Ways of transfering this approach to real-world situations and implications for future research using more representative designs are presented.
... The GFI value in this model is 0.873. The approximate value with the recommended level is higher than 0.90 (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007), and another criterion is more than 0.85, which indicates a marginal fit research model (Hair et al., 2016). ...
... The AGFI value in this model is 0.855. The approximate value with the recommended level should be higher than 0.80, indicating the fit of the research model (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). TLI is an index of conformity that is less influenced by sample size. ...
This research’s objective was to analyse the impact of sustainable practices, destination image, perceived value and novelty seeking on tourist satisfaction and temporal revisit intention in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The respondents in this study were tourists in the city of Yogyakarta, with a sample size of 420 respondents. The methodology of this research employed a purposive sampling technique. Nonprobability sampling was performed using the structural equation modelling method that was processed using AMOS 22.0. The results of this research show that sustainable practices, destination image, perceived value and novelty seeking have positive and significant effects on satisfaction. Satisfaction mediates the impact of sustainable practices, destination image, perceived value and novelty seeking on revisit intention, showing that the influence of these factors on temporal revisit intention will be enhanced if tourists are satisfied. This study has implications for marketing strategies for tourism sectors in revisiting contexts.
... Descriptive analyses were performed on all variables to test assumptions prior to factor analyses. We determined our sample size to be appropriate following sampling guidelines of 300 or more for factor analyses recommended by Tabachnick and Fidell (2013). The CAPQ's positive skew (2.32) decreased meaningfully (−0.1) after a Box-Cox transformation (Osborne, 2013). ...
... Alternative measures of fit also suggested problems. Generally, indices of good fit include: RMSEA < 0.08, SRMR < 0.08, CFI > 0.90, NFI > 0.90, and NNFI > 0.95 (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2013;Kline, 2015). While SRMR indicated good fit (SRMR = 0.07), remaining indices demonstrated a poor fit (RMSEA = 0.108, CFI = 0.827, NNFI = 0.80, NFI = 0.80). ...
Objective
The Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana Scale (PBSM), a 17-item scale targeting strategies for mitigating the negative consequences of cannabis use, highlights a range of behaviors that can reduce harm beyond straightforward decreases in quantity or frequency. The 17-item scale’s factor structure remains under-examined but could reveal meaningful distinctions among strategies. This study aimed to confirm the factor structure of the short form of the PBSM.
Methods
This study recruited cannabis-using undergraduates (N = 454, Mage = 19.6, 68.8% female, 39% White), who reported using cannabis approximately 2.3 days per week with mild cannabis-related consequences (CAPQ; M = 9.74).
Results
A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated poor fit for the one-factor model of the PBSM, prompting an exploratory factor analysis. Analyses revealed two internally reliable factors: a “Quantity” factor, strategies specific to mitigating overuse and limiting amounts consumed and an “Context” factor loosely related to troubles with others. This two-factor model accounted for over half of the total variance; invariance testing indicated reduced fit as models became more restrictive. Though each of the factors covaried negatively with both days of use and problems, Context had a stronger relation to both variables compared to Quantity. Only Context predicted fewer cannabis problems and use.
Conclusions
The two-factor solution suggests further work on the psychometric properties of the scale could provide heuristic information to allow for more nuanced approaches in clinical and research settings. Theoretically, each factor might have novel links to some constructs but not others in ways that could assist harm-reduction strategies and treatment.
... e sample included children between the ages of 18 and 35 months and comprised 203 males and 70 females. Tabachnick and Fidell [29] recommended a sample size of at least 80, where N > 50 + 8m (m is the number of predictor variables). Moreover, Babyak [30] suggested a minimum sample size of 10-15 observations per predictor variable. ...
... Mukaka [33] was used to interpret the size of the correlation coe cient. Tabachnick and Fidell [29] suggest that as long as correlation coe cients among independent variables are less than 0.90, multicollinearity is less likely to have occurred. e results are presented in Table 2. ...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that consists of difficulties with social communication and language, as well as the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. These deficits tend to present in early childhood and usually lead to impairments in functioning across various settings. Moreover, these deficits have been shown to negatively impact adaptive behavior and functioning. Thus, early diagnosis and intervention is vital for future success within this population. The purpose of this study was to further examine the subscales that comprise the adaptive behavior section of the Bayley®-III to determine which of the ten subscales are predictive of ASD in young children (i.e., ≤ three years of age). A retrospective file review of 273 children participating in Kentucky’s early intervention program, First Steps, was completed. The children ranged in age from 18 to 35 months. A binary logistic regression was used to assess the subscales that comprise the adaptive behavior of the section of the Bayley®-III to determine which of the ten subscales are predictive of ASD in young children (i.e., ≤ three years of age). The results indicated that individual lower raw scores in communication, community use, functional preacademics, home living, health and safety, leisure, self-care, self-direction, and social subscales were predictive of an autism diagnosis.
... 05, but according to Howell (2009), the MANOVA test can still be done if the dependent variable shows the largest standard deviation value that does not exceed four times the smallest value, and the three dependent variables used have fulfilled this provision (See table 2). In addition, the indicator of homogeneity only applies if the sample used has the same size (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007), while this study has a different sample size for each different group (unequal sample size). ...
... The limitation of this study is the fulfillment of statistical assumptions that are not yet fully satisfactory. For example, correlations between dependent variables should have a moderate correlation with each other (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). In this study, not all dependent variables show a moderate level as desired. ...
The teacher's positive attitude towards people with disabilities plays an important role in encouraging the success of inclusive education. Using a three-dimensional theory of attitude formation namely cognitive, affective, and conative, this study aims to measure the attitudes of teachers in South Kalimantan, Indonesia towards inclusive education (N = 212) by proposing several variables that influence that attitude. Using one-way Manova, this study finds that female teacher shows better affective dimensions and students majoring in special education show greater support for inclusive education. In general, there are significant differences in attitudes between special and general teacher categories. Also, teachers with personal contact or experience with persons with disabilities exhibit better attitudes. There is no significant difference between experienced and inexperienced teachers. Religion also has an influence, religious teachers are better in the conative dimension, and less-religious teachers are better in cognitive dimensions.
... A study is presently under way in Nova Scotia, Canada, that includes a larger number of IE trials that will provide sufficient data to tease out these alternative theoretical explanations. With additional IE exposures, it will be possible to use the types of analytic tools, such as multivariate time-series analyses (i.e., a technique that requires a minimum of 50 repeated observations; Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007 ), that can analyze the relationships between two or more series of data (e.g., cognitive and affective reactions to the IE trials). These types of analyses have been used in other studies to determine process of change during therapeutic interventions (e.g., Bouchard et al., 2007). ...
... 3. η p 2 = partial eta squared is a measure of effect size. η p 2 represents the proportion of the effect + error variance (i.e., the total variance minus the variance due to other factors in the analysis) that is accounted for by the effect itself (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007 ). η p 2 gives the contribution of each factor separately, taken as if it were the only variable, so that it is not masked by any more powerful variable. ...
A brief cognitive-behavioral treatment intervention that included an interoceptive exposure (IE) component was previously demonstrated effective in decreasing fear of anxiety-related sensations in high anxiety-sensitive (AS) women (see Watt, Stewart, Birch, & Bernier, 2006). The present process-based study explored the specific role of the IE component, consisting of 10 minutes of physical exercise (i.e., running) completed on 10 separate occasions, in explaining intervention efficacy. Affective and cognitive reactions and objective physiological reactivity to the running, recorded after each IE trial, were initially higher in the 20 high-AS participants relative to the 28 low-AS participants and decreased over IE trials in high-AS but not in low-AS participants. In contrast, self-reported somatic reactions, which were initially greater in the high-AS participants, decreased equally in both AS groups over IE trials. Findings were consistent with the theorized cognitive and/or habituation pathways to decreased AS.
... An adjunct discrepancy-based fit index is the ratio of chi-square to degrees of freedom (c2/df ). If that ratio is in the range of 2 to 3, it is indicative of an acceptable fit between the hypothesized model and the sample data (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). According to Table 2, this value was computed as 1.753 and the model demonstrated an acceptable fit. ...
... All these incremental indices are scaled from 0 (no fit) to 1 (perfect fit). Researchers (Kline, 2005;Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007) advise that values close to 0.95 are indicative of a good fit. According to the results of the study, all indices were close to 0.95. ...
... When ωH is above 0.80 total score should be considered essentially unidimensional, an ωHS > 0.75 indicates that the subscale score in question is an appropriate measure of its corresponding specific factor. Moreover, reliability both for CFA and ESEM eight factors was estimated by using factor score determinacy coefficients, which represent an estimate of the internal consistency of the factor solution (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2013). The larger the coefficient (≥0.70), the more stable the factors (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2013). ...
... Moreover, reliability both for CFA and ESEM eight factors was estimated by using factor score determinacy coefficients, which represent an estimate of the internal consistency of the factor solution (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2013). The larger the coefficient (≥0.70), the more stable the factors (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2013). ...
All versions of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) are broadly used to measure people's interpersonal functioning. The aims of the current study are: (a) to examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Italian version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems—short version (IIP-32); and (b) to evaluate its associations with core symptoms of different eating disorders. One thousand two hundred and twenty three participants (n = 623 non-clinical and n = 600 clinical participants with eating disorders and obesity) filled out the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems—short version (IIP-32) along with measures of self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, RSES), psychological functioning (Outcome Questionnaire, OQ-45), and eating disorders (Eating Disorder Inventory, EDI-3). The present study examined the eight-factor structure of the IIP-32 with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM). ESEM was also used to test the measurement invariance of the IIP-32 across clinical and non-clinical groups. It was found that CFA had unsatisfactory model fit, whereas the corresponding ESEM solution provided a better fit to the observed data. However, six target factor loadings tend to be modest, and ten items showed cross-loadings higher than 0.30. The configural and metric invariance as well as the scalar and partial strict invariance of the IIP-32 were supported across clinical and non-clinical groups. The internal consistency of the IIP-32 was acceptable and the construct validity was confirmed by significant correlations between IIP-32, RSES, and OQ-45. Furthermore, overall interpersonal difficulties were consistently associated with core eating disorder symptoms, whereas interpersonal styles that reflect the inability to form close relationships, social awkwardness, the inability to be assertive, and a tendency to self-sacrificing were positively associated with general psychological maladjustment. Although further validation of the Italian version of the IIP-32 is needed to support these findings, the results on its cross-cultural validity are promising.
... Each rMANOVA was analyzed with follow-up Roy-Bargmann stepdown analysis due to a lack of independence between dependent variables (evidenced by several relations greater than .30; Tabachnick & Fidell, 2013). Roy-Bargmann stepdown analysis employs analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) ...
... Participants omitted four items from the DASS Anxiety scale across assessment occasions. Imputation of within-person item means was performed in all cases given the low within-person and total percentage of missing data (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2013). ...
Objective:
Evaluate the incremental effects of a computerized values clarification (VC) activity on anxiety symptomology and quality of life over and above establishment of a mindfulness meditation (MM) practice.
Method:
Anxious participants (N = 120, Female = 86; Mage = 22.26) were randomly assigned to a 2-week, 10-min daily MM practice + control task or a 2-week, 10-min daily MM practice + VC task. Pre-assessments and post-assessments included well-established and ideographic self-report measures.
Results:
Overall decreases in past week and past 24-h anxiety symptom frequency, as well as increased quality of life during the previous 24-h cycle only. VC did not have a demonstrable impact on outcomes.
Conclusions:
Though findings are preliminary, brief VC exercises may not enhance outcomes that follow from mindfulness practice. Additional research is needed to isolate specific and shared impacts of mindfulness-based and values-based treatment strategies on anxiety symptoms and quality of life.
... First, ANOVA and chi-square analyses were used to examine group equivalency with respect to demographic characteristics across models and between participants with complete vs. incomplete data. Then, the TPB questionnaire data were subjected to psychometric analysis after being inspected for factorability, or suitability for factor analysis, based on correlations (r > 0.30; Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007), Bartlett's test of sphericity (p < .05; Bartlett, 1954), and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO; > 0.50; Kaiser, 1970Kaiser, , 1974. ...
... A) groups. EFA was conducted first because EFA is usually conducted during the early stages of scale development and testing and sedentary-derived PMT constructs have not been tested before (Schutz & Gessaroli, 1993). Prior to performing EFA, the data were inspected for factorability (suitability for factor analysis) based on correlations (r > .30; Tabachnick and Fidell, 2013), Bartlett's test of sphericity (p < .05; Bartlett, 1954 ), and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO; >.50; Kaiser, 1970 Kaiser, , 1974). Unique factors were extracted using principal factor analysis based on eigenvalues (>1; Kaiser, 1970), visual inspection of Catell's scree test (Catell, 1966), and pattern matrix l ...
Multilevel determinants of sedentary behavior (SB), including constructs couched within evidence-based psychological frameworks, can contribute to more efficacious interventions designed to decrease sitting time. This study aimed to: (1) examine the factor structure and composition of sedentary-derived protection motivation theory (PMT) constructs and (2) determine the utility of these constructs in predicting general and leisure sedentary goal intention (GI), implementation intention (II), and self-reported SB. Sedentary-derived PMT (perceived severity, PS; perceived vulnerability, PV; response efficacy, RE; self-efficacy, SE), GI, and II constructs, and a modified SB questionnaire were completed by undergraduate students (n = 596). SE was broken into three psychological (productive, focused, tired), and two situational (studying, leisure) constructs to capture the main barriers to reducing sitting time. After completing socio-demographics and the PMT items, participants were randomized to complete general or leisure GI and II. Based on model assignment, they completed either the general or leisure SB questionnaire one week later. Irrespective of model, exploratory followed by confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the PMT items grouped into eight coherent and interpretable factors consistent with the theory's threat and coping appraisal tenets: PV, PS, RE, and five scheduling SE constructs (tired, productive/focused, TV/video games/computer, studying at home, studying in library/Wi-Fi area). Using linear regression, general and leisure models predicted 5% and 1% of the variance in GI, 10% and 16% of the variance in II, and 3% and 1% of the variance in SB, respectively. Variables that made unique and significant contributions were: RE (general) and SE (leisure) for goal intention; PV and RE (general), PV, RE, and SE (leisure) for implementation intention; and only goal intention (leisure) for SB. Support now exists for the tenability of an eight-factor PMT sedentary model and its utility in predicting II and to a lesser extent GI and behavior.
... Due to low correlations (lowest 0.019 and highest 0.668), a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) would not provide a solution (Field, 2005;Tabachnick & Fidell, 2012) and thus a construct analysis was performed using principal component analysis with Promax rotation. The principal component solution showed a factor model of four components (Table 3-Pattern Matrix), that in its structure deviates from the structure in the survey by Lamiani et al. (2017). ...
Objectives:
To investigate the construct validity and psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Moral Distress Scale-Revised and to describe moral distress in an intensive care context.
Research methodology/design:
The Italian Moral Distress Scale-Revised was translated and semantically adjusted to the Swedish intensive care context. A web survey with 14 moral distress items, as well as three additional and eight background questions was answered by critical care nurses (N = 71) working in intensive care units during the second year of the coronavirus disease pandemic. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used to investigate the Italian four-factor model and to examine critical care nurses' moral distress.
Results:
The result shows a factor model of four components differing from the previous model. Critical care nurses demonstrated significant differences in moral distress regarding priorities compared to before the pandemic, type of household; experience as critical care nurses and whether they had supervised students during the pandemic.
Conclusion:
The component structure might have originated from the specific situation critical care nurses perceived during the pandemic. The health care organisations' role in preventing and healing the effects of moral distress is important for managers to understand.
Implications for clinical practice:
Moral distress is common in intensive care and it is necessary to use valid instrument when measuring it. A psychometrical investigation of the Swedish version of the Moral Distress Scale-Revised, adapted for intensive care shows need for further semantic and cultural adaptation. Perceived priorities during the pandemic, household type, supervising during the pandemic and working experience were related to critical care nurses' experience of moral distress and managers need to be aware of conditions that may trigger such a response.
... Secondly, we encountered a relatively small number of participants who exhibited a prolonged postprandial BP reduction; an aspect more likely to be seen with an elderly cohort. The risk of overfitting the MLR model is not a concern, as the minimum number of subjects suggested for each predictor or independent variable in regression analysis should be five participants to one predictor [28]. Given our study had 83 participants, up to 16 predictors would be allowed in the MLR model. ...
Background:
A fall in blood pressure (BP) following a meal is well known and is usually a transient phenomenon, due to appropriate cardiovascular adjustments. Older individuals and those with high BP experience a greater postprandial fall that can manifest as postprandial hypotension (PPH). Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is positively associated with BP, and is known to increase after meal ingestion. We explored whether fasting FGF21 or its postprandial change would be associated with meal induced BP change, after accounting for several covariates.
Methods:
Eighty-three Western Australian adults were studied. Supine resting BP was recorded and an oral glucose test was administered. Serial measurements of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were then made in duplicate every 30 min up to 120 min. Fasting and 120 min blood samples were analysed for FGF21 and clinical chemistry. Multiple linear regression analyses of the incremental area under curve of postprandial SBP and DBP was conducted on 12 known determinants.
Results:
The final parsimonious model based on backward regression of postprandial SBP included fasting SBP, gender, fasting insulin and fasting FGF21 (β = -0.009 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.017, -0.002, P = 0.015)). For postprandial DBP these included fasting DBP, gender, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and fasting FGF21 (β = -0.005; 95% CI: 0.010, -0.001, P = 0.021).
Conclusions:
A higher fasting FGF21, independent of glucose and insulin, was associated with a greater postprandial decline in SBP and in DBP.
... In addition, JASP software v0.16 (JASP Team, 2021) was used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in order to confirm that the theoretical structure proposed by previous studies (Cantón, 2012) fit our data. We checked the sample size, normality, linearity, and correlation between variables assumptions for factor analysis (Tabachnick & Fidell, 1989). Fit indices for the CFA were Chi-square, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the comparative fit index (CFI) and the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI). ...
Detecting the difficulties that students perceive in their first contacts with the profession is essential for adapting their training. For this reason, this article aims to confirm the validity of the Teaching Problems Inventory (Jordell, 1985) for a sample of teacher training and Master's degree students. For this purpose, Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the Teaching Difficulties Scale were performed to confirm that the theoretical structure proposed by previous studies fit our data. The goodness of fit was good overall, indicating that the four factors proposed by Cañón (2012) fit the data appropriately. Additional revealed a strong relationship of the items to each factor and the lack of collinearity between factors. Reliability analysis indicated that the items produced reliable scores in each factor as well in the total score. Finally, sensitivity analysis showed that the scale was sensitive enough to capture different ratings with different groups of age.
... The orthogonal rotation can generate higher generalizability and replicability power compared to the oblique rotation. Additionally, it is less complicated because the factors are uncorrelated with each other (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2001)." ...
Public schools have become one of the significant educational institutions for all Malaysians. It has been used to teach Malaysians to be part of a community, having diversified cultures, races, and religions. As such, students have learned to be more compassionate, considerate, and kind to others. However, most public schools in Malaysia have been operating for many years, which has resulted in neglect and damage due to aging and improper care and maintenance. The lack of regular maintenance and care is mainly attributed to insufficient budget allocations from the federal government. This research focused on determining the factors that could influence the prospective investors' intention to donate in this crowd-funding project. The research selected the UTAUT model to determine the prospective investor's intention toward donating money to the crowd-funding project. To test the developed hypotheses in this study, descriptive research was adopted by applying a self-administered questionnaire distributed to respondents. For this study, convenience sampling was selected, whereby 384 respondents responded and answered the questions. All the independent variables have shown that they were positively significant to the intention of the prospective investor. Hence, the intention of prospective investors is influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and trustworthiness. This research successfully contributed to the knowledge in this field by applying the UTAUT factor in the context of crowd-funding for the maintenance of public schools in Malaysia. The research could act as a guideline or reference to enhance the public's intention to donate in a crowd-funding project and it is hoped that this research could be used as a standard and reference for future crowd-funding initiatives by the government INTRODUCTION As of 2018, there were 10,202 public schools in Malaysia, including primary and secondary schools (Ministry of Education (MOE), 2019). Designated as education properties in which students and teachers can operate within in obtaining their education and teaching activities, these educational amenities are funded by the government. According to Jeffery (2002), educational facilities include not only materials, equipment, and information technology (IT) but also other aspects such as buildings and the surrounding environment, which are fundamental components needed for learning and educational facilities.
... Before testing the study's hypotheses, some verifications to ensure compliance with the basic postulates specific to covariance analyses were covered. First, as suggested by Tabachnick and Fidell (2013) and used by various authors (Gosselin, Lemyre, & Corneil, 2013;Johns, 2011), a logarithmic correction was made to adjust the distribution of the frequency of presenteeism. Secondly, the calculation of internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) showed satisfactory degrees of homogeneity to justify the use of a single score for each measure in subsequent statistical analyses. ...
Research on presenteeism has largely focused on its prevalence, determinants and consequences on the health of both employees and organizations. To date, few studies have examined the influence of presenteeism on workers’ attitudinal and motivational responses. Based on the Effort–Recovery Theory, this study evaluates the mediating effect of work engagement in the relationship between presenteeism and job satisfaction. Building on previous work, this study also proposes to consider perceived organizational support as a moderator of the work engagement–job satisfaction relationship. Presented in the form of a mediated moderation model, the results of bootstrapped regression analyses show three main results. First, presenteeism is negatively associated with work engagement and job satisfaction. Secondly, work engagement is one of the factors through which presenteeism influences job satisfaction. Thirdly, perceived organizational support moderates the association between work engagement and job satisfaction so that, at a low level of work engagement, feeling supported by the organization makes a difference on job satisfaction. Overall, this research is part of the limited number of studies that have focused on the interplay existing between presenteeism and its consequences in terms of job attitudes.
... The results of this study show similarity with the original scale (6), the Spanish version (18), and the Italian version (20). In the EFA applied, an Eigenvalue of 1 or above was accepted for determining the factor number (26,27). The scale consisted of four sub-dimensions. ...
Aim:
As a situational phobia, nomophobia is the fear experienced in the absence of a cell phone. Nomophobia leads to situations that negatively affect children’s health. The aim of this study is to conduct validity and reliability studies for the Turkish version of the Nomophobia scale.
Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted with volunteer students from three secondary schools and two high schools whose parents’ approval was acquired. Expert opinions, a pilot study, and a calculation of validity and reliability stages were applied. For data analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Content Validity index, Pearson correlation analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, explanatory factor analysis, and t-tests were used.
Results:
This study included 818 voluntary child participants. Of the participants, 56.7% were girls. In all, 91.5% of the participating children were connected to the Internet on their mobile phones, and 67.2% had their own computer. The age range of participants was 9-18 years, and their average age was 14.1±2.32 years. The scale accounts for 57.8% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha for the whole scale was identified as 0.90. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the factor coefficient was over 0.30, and the fit indices were over 0.90.
Conclusion:
The Turkish version of the NMP-Q is reliable and valid for the 9-18 age group.
Keywords: Nomophobia, mobile phones, children, Turkey
... Assumiu-se a aleatoriedade dos missing-values (missings completely at random), inferiores a 2%, que foram substituídos pelo método Series Mean. A inspeção dos valores extremos (outliers) foi realizada através da distância quadrática de Mahalanobis (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2013). A validade fatorial das medidas em estudo foi assegurada através de análises fatoriais confirmatórias com recurso ao software AMOS (Arbuckle, 2013), método de estimação da máxima verosimilhança (maximum likelihood estimation; Jöreskog & Sörbom, 2004). ...
No passado recente, a família constituía-se como modelo motivacional para o potencial empreendedor dos seus descendentes. No período de pós-crise económica europeia, desconhece-se o seu papel. Este artigo visa analisar em que medida a presença de empresários na família influencia o potencial e as motivações empreendedoras dos seus descendentes.Uma amostra de 966 estudantes do Ensino Superior português respondeu ao inquérito Motivações Empreendedoras, que evidenciou adequadas propriedades psicométricas.Verificou-se uma influência positiva da presença de empresários na família nas motivações de realização familiar e societal, apesar de uma ausência de efeito nas motivações de recursos e rendimentos, bem como de prestígio e de aprendizagem/desenvolvimento pessoal.Ter empresários na família influenciou positivamente os fatores Judging Perceiving e Thinking Feeling do Carland Entrepreneurship Index. Contudo, a path analysis revelou a inexistência de um efeito direto da presença de empresários na família no potencial empreendedor e nas motivações de realização familiar e societal dos estudantes, apesar de se ter registado um efeito indireto significativo, tendo por mediadores o desejo dos estudantes em trabalhar por conta própria e a capacidade de criar uma empresa. Ter empresários na família evidenciou ainda um efeito direto nestes mediadores, bem como em ter/implementar ideias de negócio.
... The independent and dependent variables required transformations to adjust for skewed distributions. Variables with moderate skewness were square-root transformed, whereas those with more extreme skewness were log transformed (Tabachnick and Fidell, 1983; See Table 1). ...
... The nature of principal component analysis is exploratory rather than confirmatory. [9] Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett"s test of sphericity significance was calculated. Factor coefficients of 0.40 or greater are required for the interpretation of the factor structure. ...
Introduction: Formative assessments are considered as means of ensuring deeper learning and understanding. They provide feedback that moves learners‟ forward, activating students as instructional resources for one another.Objectives: This study was done to evaluate the feedback instrument for validity and reliability, and seek student opinion about formative assessment used in the course so that further batches can be benefitted with a better teaching learning exercise. Methods: For evaluation of formative assessment, Likert scale with 11 items was constructed and administered to the students taking the course of Epidemiology in MD program of College of Medicine. Factor analysis was used to see similar pattern of responses in the Likert scale items. Scree plot was used to see „leveling off‟ of Eigen values. Cronbach‟s alpha was used to see the internal consistency of the items in the scale.Results: Eleven questions relating to formative assessment in Epidemiology course were factor analyzed using principal component analysis with oblimin rotation. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and Bartlett‟s test of sphericity both indicated that the set of variables are at least adequately related for factor analysis. Substantively, two factors were identified for formative assessment, in class assignments and group presentations.Conclusion: Overall, these analyses indicated that two distinct factors were underlying student responses to the formative assessment scale items and that these factors were internally consistent. Students liked formative assessment and found it useful in the course of Epidemiology
... To test for the effect of fire on arthropods we calculated an arthropod biomass index as the number of arthropods in each size class (<2, 2-5, 5-10, and >10 mm) multiplied by the median size of the class (1, 3.5, 7.5 and 11 mm, respectively). To overcome possible problems of pseudo-replication we used profile analysis of repeated measures (Tabachnick and Fidell, 1996) to test for differences among treatments (control, half-burned, and burned). For each year, arthropod abundance was first averaged across three samples for each plot, then for all plots of the same treatment. ...
The attributes of roadside vegetation, an important bird habitat in grassland ecosystems, have been shown to affect bird abundance, distribution composition, and diversity, yet there are relatively few works on reproductive success of birds nesting along roadsides. Because roadsides are linear habitats, management at the landscape scale can affect nest success in roadsides through bottom-up and top-down effects. In northeastern Oklahoma tallgrass prairie is subjected annually to prescribed spring fires. In the short term fires can alter both arthropod abundance and predator access to nests. We explored effects of burning on bird nest success with a five-year study along roads that traversed tallgrass prairie habitat. Using data from $1400 nests of 23 species, we generated nest survival curves for groups of altricial species defined by nest substrate (ground, shrub, tree, or culvert). We then determined if these curves were affected by management practice (spring burning), food abundance (arthropod biomass), and habitat attributes (tree density and height). Nest substrate had a large effect on nest success: despite their shorter nest exposure period, ground nests were least successful and culvert nests were most successful. An increase in arthropod biomass following burning was possibly the cause for the increased nest success in burned plots, regardless of substrate, suggesting bottom-up control. Tree height and nest height were correlated positively with nest success, whereas tree density had no effect. Conversely, nest predation rates were correlated negatively with nest success, with ground nests experiencing the highest predation, culvert nests the lowest. Our results suggest that burning may increase nest success through bottom-up processes, but some species may not benefit from the increase in food abundance as a result of a concomitant increase in predation.
... This value is evaluated by the ratio with the degree of freedom. If χ 2 /df is ≤ 2, it means perfect fit [22]. When Table 2 is analyzed, it is seen that this value is 1.65 in the developed scale. ...
In this study, a Digital Reading Disposition Scale was developed to determine undergraduate pre-service teacher students’ dispositions towards digital reading, opposed to a preference for printed reading material. Initially, a 20-items trial version of the scale was administered to a total sample of N=301 undergraduate pre-service teacher students in order to establish validity of the scale. According to the results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of the data collected by means of the 20-item trial form, it was revealed that only 12 items of the scale had a one-factor loading, which explained 65.58% of the total variance. Fit index values, derived from a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), confirmed the one-factor structure of the 12-items scale as a valid model. A satisfactory Cronbach-Alpha internal consistency coefficient of 0.952, as well as satisfactory test-retest reliability coefficient (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.92) reapplied to n=98 pre-service teacher students three weeks after the first administration of the scale, provide evidence of the high reliability and consistent measurement of the scale over time. Furthermore, as part of an item analysis, adjusted item-total correlation of each item was calculated, and t-values for upper and lower 27% groups are reported to be significant (p<.001) for the 12 items of the scale. Accordingly, satisfactory validity and reliability indices are established for the Digital Reading Disposition Scale for the study sample in this investigation disposition.
... Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was made in order to test whether the DAS would be confirmed as a model or not. CFA made with LISREL is an advanced technique used to test the theories related to the latent variables [26]. The structural model in Figure 1 was tested with LISREL. ...
This study was carried out to develop a scale for determining the level of digital addiction of the youth. In this study carried out with a group of 687 students from Siirt, Dicle and Erzincan Universities, a draft scale of 28 items based on the interviews with two students who spent a long time with digital tools and their friends, and on the expert opinions was prepared. The validity of the Digital Addiction Scale (DAS) was determined by descriptive, confirmatory factor analysis, and criterion reliability. Item analysis based on the average of points of 27% lower-upper groups and item-total correlation was conducted. Reliability was determined by Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest methods. The result of the factor analysis showed that the DAS explains the 59.51% of the total variance and has a structure consisting of five sub-dimensions called Overuse, Non-restraint, Inhibiting the Flow of Life, Emotional State, and Dependence. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the DAS has good adaptive values. The scales applied concurrently with the DAS within the scope of criterion validity were also found to be in a significant and positive relation to the DAS. The item-total score correlation coefficients were found between.373 and 620. The t-values of item mean scores of 27% lower-upper groups were found to be significant. Cronbach’s Alpha was calculated 0.874. The test-retest reliability made in a three-week interval was calculated r=.779 (p<.001). According to the findings of the study, it is possible to say that the DAS is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to measure the digital addiction of the university students.
... 4 Although the sample size was calculated for the purpose of the trial, it was also large enough to conduct a discriminant function analysis, as the number of injured participants exceeded the requirement of being at least 2 more than the number of predictor variables, and the total sample size was more than five times larger than the number of predictor variables entered into the model. 23 However, the randomised trial itself was slightly underpow- ered at its completion because the injury incidence was lower group.bmj.com on April 10, 2018 -Published by http://jramc.bmj.com/ Downloaded from than expected (21% compared with an expected 30%). ...
Introduction
This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the development of common lower limb injuries during initial defence training in naval recruits who were enrolled in a randomised trial.
Methods
Three-hundred and six naval recruits were randomly allocated flat insoles (n=153) or foot orthoses (n=153) while undertaking 11 weeks of initial training. Participant characteristics (including anthropometrics, general health, physical activity, fitness and foot characteristics) were collected at the baseline assessment and injuries were documented prospectively. Injury was defined as the combined incidence of participants with medial tibial stress syndrome, patellofemoral pain, Achilles tendinopathy and plantar fasciitis/plantar heel pain throughout the 11 weeks of training. A discriminant function analysis was used to explore the ability of baseline measures to predict injury.
Results
Overall, 67 (21.9%) participants developed an injury. Discriminant function analysis revealed that participants who sustained an injury were slightly younger (mean 21.4±SD 4.1 vs 22.5±5.0 years) and were less likely to be allocated to the foot orthosis group (40% vs 53%) compared with those who remained uninjured. The accuracy of these baseline variables to predict injury was moderate (78.1%).
Conclusions
Lower limb injury was not accurately predicted from health questionnaires, fitness results and clinical assessments in naval recruits undertaking initial defence training. However, although not reaching statistical significance, the use of foot orthoses may be protective against common lower limb injuries.
Trial registration number
ACTRN12615000024549; Post-results.
... ile .08 arasýnda olmasý ve SRMR deðerinin ise .10'un altýnda olmasý beklenmektedir(29,30,31). Ek olarak, Falk ve Miller (32) modelin açýklayýcý gücünü desteklemek için R2 deðerlerinin .10 ...
INTRODUCTION: Most of the studies that examine cognitive vulnerability tend to focus on cognitive vulnerability for depression and explain anxiety through its intersection with depression. Looming Cognitive Style (LCS) was suggested as a cognitive vulnerability model that is specific for anxiety. According to the model, people who have looming vulnerability tend to evaluate the threats coming from the environment as more overwhelming than they actually are and are constantly hypervigilant to the threat cues that may come from the environment. This pattern plays an important role in both generation and maintenance of anxiety disorders. A two-factor looming vulnerability scale was developed to assess looming cognitive style and the present study aims to adapt the scale into Turkish and examine its psychometric characteristics.
METHODS: The sample is composed of 657 university students between the ages of 18 and 29. The participants were administered LMSQ as well as scales that assess anxiety, depression, and worry.
RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis results supported the original factor structure of the scale providing two distinct, but correlated factors as social and physical looming. In addition to that, total score and subscale scores had moderate to high correlations with other study variables and reliability scores appearing close to the original form provides support for the reliability of the scale.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the LMSQ is a reliable and valid scale that can be used with Turkish population.
... The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was applied to the dependent variables: while the Confidence Score (W = 0.96, p = 0.1246) was normally distributed, this was not the case for the Hits (W = 0.87, p = 0.0001) and the FA (W = 0.90, p = 0.0009). Despite this violation of the normality assumption we applied the above described ANOVAs due to the robustness of these tests against the violation of this assumption 39 . ...
With time, memories undergo a neural reorganization that is linked to a transformation of detailed, episodic into more semantic, gist-like memory. Traditionally, this reorganization is thought to involve a redistribution of memory from the hippocampus to neocortical areas. Here we report a time-dependent reorganization within the hippocampus, along its anterior-posterior axis, that is related to the transformation of detailed memories into gist-like representations. We show that mnemonic representations in the anterior hippocampus are highly distinct and that anterior hippocampal activity is associated with detailed memory but decreases over time. Posterior hippocampal representations, however, are more gist-like at a later retention interval, and do not decline over time. These findings indicate that, in addition to the well-known systems consolidation from hippocampus to neocortex, there are changes within the hippocampus that are crucial for the temporal dynamics of memory.
... Skovlund viser at dikotomisering av kontinuerlige variabler kan ha en rekke uheldige konsekvenser, hvor en av de viktigste er tap av statistisk styrke. Dette er en velkjent problemstilling (2). Skovlund påpeker at lav eller dårlig statistisk styrke er en risikofaktor for falske-negative forskningsfunn (type II-feil), og at man feilaktig konkluderer at det ikke er en statistisk signifikant forskjell mellom for eksempel to behandlingsbetingelser. Skovlund unnlater imidlertid å nevne at lav eller dårlig statistisk styrke faktisk også er en risikofaktor for falske-positive forskningsfunn (type I-feil) (3)(4)(5), og overestimerte effektstørrelser (6, 7). ...
... Any factor with an eigenvalue less than 1 is not as important. In practice, a robust solution should account for at least 50% of the variance (Fidell and Tabachnick, 2007). The present three-factor model was deemed the best solution because of its conceptual clarity and ease of interpretability. ...
... Tablo 3'te görüldüğü üzere çarpıklık ve basıklık katsayıları -1 ile +1 arasında olduğu görülmekte olup bu durum verilerin homojen dağılım gösterdiğini belirtmektedir. Tabachnick ve Fidell (2013)'e göre verilerin homojen dağılım gösterebilmesi için çarpıklık ve basıklık katsayılarının -1.5 ile +1.5 arasında olması gerektiğini ifade etmişlerdir. ...
... The component correlation matrix was subsequently examined to determine whether an orthogonal or oblique rotation would be more appropriate for the data. Correlations of 0.32 between factors correspond to approximately 10% of variance overlap; factors with this value or greater should be correlated using an oblique rotation (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2007). Because only five of the factor correlations resulted in values greater than 0.32-and no correlations were greater than 0.40-the EFA of the binary lifetime variables was re-run using the principal component extraction method with equamax rotation, reflecting the assumption of orthogonality. ...
Although construct measurement is critical to explanatory research and intervention efforts, rigorous measure development remains a notable challenge. For example, though the primary theoretical model for understanding health disparities among sexual minority (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual) adolescents is minority stress theory, nearly all published studies of this population rely on minority stress measures with poor psychometric properties and development procedures. In response, we developed the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory (SMASI) with N = 346 diverse adolescents ages 14–17, using a comprehensive approach to de novo measure development designed to produce a measure with desirable psychometric properties. After exploratory factor analysis on 102 candidate items informed by a modified Delphi process, we applied item response theory techniques to the remaining 72 items. Discrimination and difficulty parameters and item characteristic curves were estimated overall, within each of 12 initially derived factors, and across demographic subgroups. Two items were removed for excessive discrimination and three were removed following reliability analysis. The measure demonstrated configural and scalar invariance for gender and age; a three-item factor was excluded for demonstrating substantial differences by sexual identity and race/ethnicity. The final 64-item measure comprised 11 subscales and demonstrated excellent overall (α = 0.98), subscale (α range 0.75–0.96), and test–retest (scale r > 0.99; subscale r range 0.89–0.99) reliabilities. Subscales represented a mix of proximal and distal stressors, including domains of internalized homonegativity, identity management, intersectionality, and negative expectancies (proximal) and social marginalization, family rejection, homonegative climate, homonegative communication, negative disclosure experiences, religion, and work domains (distal). Thus, the SMASI development process illustrates a method to incorporate information from multiple sources, including item response theory models, to guide item selection in building a psychometrically sound measure. We posit that similar methods can be used to improve construct measurement across all areas of psychological research, particularly in areas where a strong theoretical framework exists but existing measures are limited.
Kamu çalışanlarının afet bilinci ve farkındalıklarının demografik değişkenler bakımından farklılık oluşturup oluşturmadığını tespit amacıyla hazırlanan bu çalışma üç temel boyutta tasarlanmıştır. İlk olarak afet kavramı ve önemi ile Türkiye’nin afet potansiyeli üzerinde durulmuştur. Daha sonra afet bilinci ve farkındalığı kapsamında afetlere hazırlık, afetlerde davranış biçimleri ve afet eğitimi gibi çalışmanın temel kavramları incelenmiştir. Son bölümde tarama modeli olarak bilinen ve nicel araştırma yöntemleri içerisinde yer alan yaklaşım üzerinden analiz yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak afet bilinci ve farkındalıklarının cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim, medeni durum ve çalışma süresi gibi demografik açılardan anlamlı farklılık oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Bulgularının kamu kurum çalışanlarına yönelik afet bilinci ve farkındalığının tespit edilmesine katkı sunmasının yanı sıra, kurum yöneticilerine ve politika yapıcılara yol göstermesi beklenmektedir.
Objective:
Alcohol use is a substantial problem among college students and has several negative consequences. The current study examined the associations between anhedonia and alcohol use and related problems via impulsive behavior (e.g., negative urgency, sensation seeking). We parsed anhedonia into four specific facets: consummatory, anticipatory, recreational, and social anhedonia.
Participants:
Six hundred and forty college students aged 18-25 were included in the final analysis.
Method:
Data were collected via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Self-report inventories assessing for anhedonia, alcohol use, impulsive behavior, and depressed mood were utilized.
Results:
Recreational consummatory anhedonia was negatively associated with alcohol use and alcohol-related problems through negative urgency. Recreational consummatory anhedonia also had significant negative associations with alcohol consumption via sensation seeking. Further, social anticipatory anhedonia was positively associated with alcohol use and related problems via negative urgency.
Conclusions:
This study highlights important associations between anhedonia, impulsivity, and alcohol use and related problems.
Banknot basımında gravür tekniği kullanılmaktadır. Taklit edilemez olması ve sahteciliğe karşı en önemli güvenlik unsuru oluşturduğu için banknot üretiminde gravür tekniği tercih edilmektedir. Bu tekniğin sanat eğitimi alan öğrenciler tarafından öğrenilmesi öğrencide kendi çalışmalarına kimlik kazandırmasında ve yeni bir tekniğin uygulama alanı ile daha geniş alanda yaratıcılığını kullanma imkânı bulacağı düşünülmektedir. Banknot gravür tekniği ile yüzeyin birim alanında uyguladıkları çizgi sayısı arttıkça uygulayan bireyin el, göz ve beyin iş birliği ile çalıştığı eser deki başarısı da artacaktır. Günümüz teknolojileri ile artık para basımında kullanılmayan bu tekniğin yaşatılması amaçlanarak, Üniversitelerin Güzel Sanatlar Fakültelerinde veya Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümlerinde bu tekniğin lisansüstü ders olarak değerlendirilmesi amacıyla tekniğin etkililiğini ispatlaya bilmek için lisansüstü öğrencilerine banknot gravür tekniği (taille-douce) eğitimi verilmiştir Çıkan sonuçlar doğrultusunda tekniğin uygulanabilirliği test edilmiş ve anlamlı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bu tekniğin seçmeli bir ders olarak programlarda olması, öğrencinin ifade biçimlerini farklı teknikler ile desteklemesi açısından ve şimdiye kadar öğrendiği tekniklerin dışında yeni bir teknik öğrenmesi bakımından önemlidir. Ayrıca hem sanat eğitimi alanında hem de güncel sanat yaşantısında öğrenciye yeni boyutlar kazandırmasının yanı sıra farklı çalışma alanları da yaratacağı düşünülmektedir.
Coal blend bulk density is an important property in the coking process. Some variables, such as moisture and particle size, which are controlled or measured in the coal beneficiation process in steel mills, exert a strong influence on this feature. This study aims to understand the density variation of coal blends by the influence of moisture and particle size when using dry and wet bases. The investigations showed that higher density can be reached when drying the coal blend or even with excess of moisture by an agglomeration process. However, for a coal blend of lower moisture content, such as 4%, the better effects on the coking process are evident. Changes on the density from particle size require care, since they can fall in a region of high density achieved by larger particles or in a region with excess coal fines, where either or both can compromise the coke quality.
Araştırma, anasınıfı ve sınıf öğretmenlerinin okuma yazmaya hazırlık etkinlikleriyle ilgili bilgi düzeylerinin, mesleki yeterliklerine yönelik algı düzeylerinin ve bazı özelliklerinin [cinsiyet, kıdem, öğrenim durumu, sınıf düzeyi (anasınıfı, birinci - dördüncü sınıf), okuma yazmaya hazırlık etkinlikleriyle ilgili ders ve seminer alma durumu], okuma yazmaya hazırlık etkinlikleriyle ilgili algılarını ne düzeyde açıkladıklarını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında, "Anasınıfı ve Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Okuma Yazmaya Hazırlık Etkinlikleriyle ilgili Algı Düzeyleri Ölçeği" ve "Anasınıfı ve Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Okuma Yazmaya Hazırlık Etkinlikleriyle ilgili Bilgi Düzeyleri Ölçeği"nin geliştirilmesi, "Anasınıfı ve Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Mesleki Yeterliklerine yönelik Algı Düzeyleri Ölçeği"nin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması ile, bu üç ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarının gerçekleştirilmesi de amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, genel araştırma modellerinden biri olan, ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, 2012 - 2013 eğitim öğretim yılında Ankara ilinin Çankaya ilçesinde yer alan Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı'na bağlı resmi ilkokullarda görev yapan anasınıfı ve sınıf öğretmenleri (birinci - dördüncü sınıf) oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise, tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemlerinden basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 141 anasınıfı öğretmeni ve 274 sınıf öğretmeni olmak üzere toplam 415 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma amacıyla geliştirilen "Anasınıfı ve Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Okuma Yazmaya Hazırlık Etkinlikleriyle ilgili Algı Düzeyleri Ölçeği" ve "Anasınıfı ve Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Okuma Yazmaya Hazırlık Etkinlikleriyle ilgili Bilgi Düzeyleri Ölçeği" ile araştırma amacıyla Türkçe'ye uyarlanan "Anasınıfı ve Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Mesleki Yeterliklerine yönelik Algı Düzeyleri Ölçeği"nden yararlanılarak nicel veriler toplanmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde, araştırmanın örnekleminde yer alan anasınıfı ve sınıf öğretmenlerinden elde edilen verilere ilişkin betimsel istatistikler hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmanın alt amaçları doğrultusunda, verilerin analizi gerçekleştirilmiş; öğretmenlerin okuma yazmaya hazırlık etkinlikleriyle ilgili bilgi düzeylerine, mesleki yeterliklerine yönelik algı düzeylerine ve bazı özelliklerine göre, okuma yazmaya hazırlık etkinlikleriyle ilgili algı düzeylerinin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının belirlenmesi amacıyla, ilişkisiz ölçümlerde t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, anasınıfı ve sınıf öğretmenlerinin okuma yazmaya hazırlık etkinlikleriyle ilgili bilgi düzeylerinin, mesleki yeterliklerine yönelik algı düzeylerinin ve bazı özelliklerinin, okuma yazmaya hazırlık etkinlikleriyle ilgili algılarını, ne düzeyde açıkladığının belirlenmesi amacıyla, aşamalı çoklu regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları, araştırmaya katılan hem anasınıfı öğretmenlerinin hem de sınıf öğretmenlerinin okuma yazmaya hazırlık etkinlikleriyle ilgili algılarının ve mesleki yeterliklerine yönelik algılarının yüksek düzeylerde olduğunu, fakat okuma yazmaya hazırlık etkinlikleriyle ilgili bilgi düzeylerinin yetersiz olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, anasınıfı ve sınıf öğretmenlerinin okuma yazmaya hazırlık etkinlikleriyle ilgili algı düzeylerinin, okuma yazmaya hazırlık etkinlikleriyle ilgili bilgi düzeyleri, mesleki yeterliklerine yönelik algı düzeyleri ve bazı özellikleri tarafından anlamlı bir şekilde açıklanmadığı görülmektedir. Araştırmanın bulguları ışığında, okuma yazmaya hazırlık etkinlikleriyle ilgili olarak öğretmen eğitimi verilen lisans programlarına, hizmet içi eğitim programlarına, ileride yapılabilecek bilimsel araştırmalara ve eğitim fakültelerinde görev yapan öğretim elemanlarına yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Objectives
Pain sensitivity and psychosocial issues are prognostic of poor outcome in acute neck disorders. However, knowledge of associations between pain sensitivity and ongoing pain and disability in chronic neck pain are lacking. We aimed to investigate associations of pain sensitivity with pain and disability at the 12‐month follow‐up in people with chronic neck pain.
Methods
The predictor variables were: clinical and quantitative sensory testing (cold, pressure); neural tissue sensitivity; neuropathic symptoms; comorbidities; sleep; psychological distress; pain catastrophizing; pain intensity (for the model explaining disability at 12 months only); and disability (for the model explaining pain at 12 months only). Data were analysed using uni‐ and multivariate regression models to assess associations with pain and disability at the 12‐month follow‐up (n = 64 at baseline, n = 51 at follow‐up).
Results
Univariable associations between all predictor variables and pain and disability were evident (r > 0.3; p < 0.05), except for cold and pressure pain thresholds and cold sensitivity. For disability at the 12‐month follow‐up, 24.0% of the variance was explained by psychological distress and comorbidities. For pain at 12 months, 39.8% of the variance was explained primarily by baseline disability.
Conclusions
Neither clinical nor quantitative measures of pain sensitivity were meaningfully associated with long‐term patient–reported outcomes in people with chronic neck pain, limiting their clinical application in evaluating prognosis.
The contribution of donations and volunteer time to North American arts and cultural organizations is impressive. Growing economic uncertainty coupled with the increasingly competitive nature of philanthropic work and fluctuating volunteerism rates describe some of the challenges facing nonprofit managers in the arts and cultural field today. The intent of this study was to explain charitable giving to an arts and cultural organization in a Canadian context using variables supported in the literature related to philanthropic behavior. The variables included the norm of social responsibility, donor benefits, philanthropic behavior, and household income. Data (233 questionnaires) were collected at a renowned community symphony with revenue from various sources including over $1 million annually in private support. Multiple regression analysis determined two of the four hypotheses were supported and two were partially confirmed. While the norm of social responsibility and household income did confirm existing literature, philanthropic behavior seemed only defined by length of time as donor rather than by volunteering for arts and cultural organizations and donor benefits included tax incentives but not receiving a “gift” in exchange for a support. Research such as this, which contributes to our understanding of arts and cultural donors and the benefits they seek, continues to be important with the potential to inform nonprofit managers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density and population study of Panthera onca
Broad scale population estimates of declining species are desired for conservation efforts. However, for many secretive species including large carnivores, such estimates are often difficult. Based on published density estimates obtained through camera trapping , presence/absence data, and globally available predictive variables derived from satellite imagery, we modelled density and occurrence of a large carnivore, the jaguar, across the species' entire range. We then combined these models in a hierarchical framework to estimate the total population. Our models indicate that potential jaguar density is best predicted by measures of primary productivity, with the highest densities in the most productive tropical habitats and a clear declining gradient with distance from the equator. Jaguar distribution, in contrast, is determined by the combined effects of human impacts and environmental factors: probability of jaguar occurrence increased with forest cover, mean temperature, and annual precipitation and declined with increases in human foot print index and human density. Probability of occurrence was also significantly higher for protected areas than outside of them. We estimated the world's jaguar population at 173,000 (95% CI: 138,000-208,000) individuals, mostly concentrated in the Amazon Basin; elsewhere, populations tend to be small and fragmented. The high number of jaguars results from the large total area still occupied (almost 9 million km 2) and low human densities (< 1 person/km 2) coinciding with high primary productivity in the core area of jaguar range. Our results show the importance of protected areas for jaguar PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.
Biennial single-beam dual-frequency acoustic surveys of Indian River Lagoon, a coastal Florida lagoonal system, were performed to quantify the spatial distribution of the annual peak of seasonal drift macroalgae (DMA) as part of the Surface Water Improvement Program (SWIM) enacted in 1986. The ultimate goal of SWIM was to reclaim historical seagrass acreage. Dense accumulations of DMA can ultimately shade seagrass beds and create anoxic zones via decomposition, especially during warm summer months, thus contributing to the internal nutrient pool. A large portion, approximately 140 km of the Indian and Banana Rivers, were surveyed at 200 m line spacing within the timeframe of peak DMA biomass (April through June). A supervised training catalog of 180 60-s acoustic and video samples was grouped into classes of bare substrate, short (canopy) submerged aquatic vegetation and DMA and segmented by discriminant analysis using a combined 38 and 418 kHz dataset. Percent cover of DMA was binned into categories of 0–33, 33–66 and 66–100%. Consistent classification of training catalog samples collected in 2007, 2008 and 2010 validated the temporal consistency of BioSonics digital transducers, meaning the previous surveys training dataset can be used to produce a preliminary map with only a few days lag-time, and that year-to-year acoustically-derived DMA abundances can be directly compared without bias adjustment. DMA biomass within the 288 km² survey area was 69,000 and 102,000 metric tons wet weight in 2008 and 2010, respectively with an overall classification accuracy of 78.9 and 83.2%, respectively. Four large-scale deposits were detected in the same locations during both surveys but the majority of biomass came from widespread sparse deposits. DMA was found to decompose within the IRL rather than exiting through Sebastian Inlet. The high abundance of DMA in 2010 and subsequent release of nutrients within the IRL was vital for understanding the 2011 superbloom.
Narrative reporting is an important avenue for investors to know more about a company from the eyes of its board of directors. This study aims to examine the impact of forward-looking disclosures on the values of UK FTSE all-shares non-financial firms. It uses a sample of annual report narratives from 2005 to 2014 to determine that the values of UK FTSE all-shares firms are positively influenced by the disclosure of forward-looking information. Besides, after distinguishing between high and low-performing firms, the study finds that forward-looking disclosures have no effect on the values of high-performing firms, though they positively enhance investors’ valuation of low-performing firms. Furthermore, the study concludes that when UK firms are divided based on the size of the audit firm (Big 4 vs. non-Big 4 auditors), forward-looking disclosures only positively affect the values of FTSE all-shares firms that are audited by one of the Big 4 auditing firms. Therefore, the results suggest that forward-looking information in UK narrative reporting statements is seen as credible for firms that are audited by a large auditor and/or are low-performing.
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