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Skin Lightening and Wrinkle Improving Efficacy of Organic Portulaca oleracea Extract in Skin Care Cosmetic
Abstract
To find the new raw material having skin care activity, P. oleracea of organic native plant was extracted and concentrated with solvent extracting method. As a cosmetic active material, it is to develop an active raw molecule for discovering new skin pathway such as anti-aging, whitening and wrinkle skin improvement. The skin irritating evaluations (in-vitro) were performed to confirm the skin safety of its extract. Both free radical scavenging activity and collagen biosynthesis activity for skin anti-aging activity were evaluated with control sample (pure ascorbic acid). Melanin inhibition activity (in-vitro) as a skin lightning effect, to find the skin whitening was tested to use its material. As an application study, two high functional emulsion lotion having almost natural sources containing P. oleracea extract were formulated without any preservatives and totally evaluated the skin improvement effect (whitening, anti-aging activity and fine wrinkle diminish effect, human volunteer test, in-vivo). Therefore, the organic P. oleracea extract can contribute to the development of new natural active ingredients for advanced skin care cosmetic.
... Also, PO contained glutathione [29], gallotannins [30], terpenoids [31], and volatile oils [31]. Moreover, shoots of PO included high levels of vitamins, such as A, E, C, B1, B2, B3, B6, and B9, and minerals, such as Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, K, and Zn [27,32]. PO leaves (POL) have a protective ability against oxidative stress caused by vitamin A deficiency [33]. ...
Portulaca oleracea contains a wide range of chemical constituents, including flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, fatty acids, terpenoids, sterols, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. These chemical constituents are linked to the plant's diverse pharmacological properties, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Therefore, this study is aimed at evaluating the effect of adding two concentrations (50 or 100 μg/mL) of Portulaca oleracea leaf ethanolic extracts in a native form (POLE) or nanoformulation (POLENF) on the antioxidant status of sperm medium to improve goat sperm freezability. Semen was evaluated postequilibration (5°C for 2 h), postthawing, and 2 h postincubation (37°C and 5% CO 2). Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of 30 compounds in POLE, including phenolic acids and flavonoids and their glucosides. Total flavonoids were higher in POLE than in POLENF. Both extracts showed strong free radical scavenging capacity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate assay, which was higher for POLENF than POLE, whereas the antioxidant activity by the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay had no differences. In comparison to free extender, the addition of POLE (100 μg) or POLENF (50 and 100 μg) significantly improved sperm motility and viability postequilibration and postincubation and antioxidant status of sperm medium postthawing. All POLE and POLENF concentrations significantly improved motility, viability, membrane integrity, and apoptosis of spermatozoa postthawing. Enzyme activities of AST, ALT, and LDH in sperm medium postthawing were not affected by treatments. In comparing different types and concentrations of POLE with free extender, the addition of POLENF (100 μg/mL) to goat semen extender gave the most valuable results as an effective free radical scavenger and antiapoptotic during cryopreservation.
... The use of skin care can protect the skin from direct sunlight, which is detrimental to the health and appearance of the skin, particularly face skin. (Abels & Angelova-Fischer, 2018;Draelos, 2014;Ferreira et al., 2020;González-Minero & Bravo-Díaz, 2019;Kim et al., 2013;Marahatta et al., 2021;Minerva, 2019;Narayanan et al., 2016;Pangestuti et al., 2018;Pavlou et al., 2021;Sakamoto et al., 2017;"Skin Care Cosmetics," 1997) Ultraviolet rays from the sun can cause damage to human skin if exposed for too long. Long-term exposure to ultra violet rays can lead to skin cancer, as well as redness and burning of the skin. ...
Teenagers with inadequate knowledge about cosmetics are more likely to use harmful or unlawful goods. Students at SMA Kalam Kudus II Jakarta have never received instruction on the selection and application of beauty products. This counseling session is anticipated to raise the SMA Kalam Kudus II Jakarta students' awareness of the importance of utilizing adolescent-appropriate and safe skin care products and how to select them. This counseling procedure is conducted offline for counseling participants at Kalam Kudus II Jakarta High School. The given counseling material addresses a variety of adolescent skin conditions, as well as the many types of skincare ingredients and how to choose the appropriate one based on the adolescent's skin. Compared to the Pre-test, which was administered prior to the presenter's explanation of the topic, there was an increase in knowledge on the Post-test. Therefore, it can be inferred that participants gained knowledge from this activity's material and conversations, particularly in regards to the skincare material offered.
... D. edulis oils have been projected as possible substitute for P. Americana oil in cosmeceutical formulations [26] . Apart from traditionally documented applications, some modern trials have also established the utility of plant extracts in personal care products [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] . Herbal cosmetics, referred to as products, are formulated using various permissible cosmetic ingredients to form the base in which one or more herbal ingredients are used to provide defined cosmetic benefits 35 . ...
Modern skincare products are formulated using plant extracts as active ingredients. Leaf and stem of Talinum triangulare and leaf and bark of Dacryodes edulis extracts were used for the development of cosmetic formulations for in vivo evaluation of their moisturizing effects. Absence of redness, itching, or blemishes on the forearms of volunteers, with the cream without the extracts (control) and with creams containing the extracts (actives), confirmed the safety of these formulations. The pH of the active creams and control (4.9-5.4) were within the pH of the skin. There were no coalescence of dispersed phase, phase separation and change in colours of the active creams and the control from their respective initial colours stored at 7 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C for 90 days. Creams prepared with ethanol extracts of T. triangulare leaf hydrated the skin more than the other plant materials, indicating its potentials as moisturising ingredient to treat dry skin.
... A number of Patents have been granted for the use of purslane in the development of various dermatological products such as infant body cleansing lotion (Myungil, 2009), use of P. oleracea extract for the treatment of face wrinkles (Jones, 2006) and in the formulation of foot cream cosmetic composition (Jinsoo, 2011). Additionally a patent has also been granted to Kim et al., (2013) for the formulation of two high functional emulsion lotions containing P. oleracea extract without any preservatives and validation of the skin improvement effect of P. oleracea extract in terms of skin whitening, anti-aging activity and fine wrinkle diminish effect through human volunteer test, in-vivo. Researchers concluded that the organic P. oleracea extract can contribute to the development of new natural active ingredients for advanced skin care cosmetic. ...
... The other constituents of the plant include glutathione (Lalromawii Devi et al. 2014), terpenoids, alkaloids (Chowdhary et al. 2013), phenolic compounds (flavonoids in particular) (El-Aziz et al. 2014), and volatile oils (Chowdhary et al. 2013). Furthermore, purslane shoots contain high levels of vitamins A, C, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 (Azuka et al. 2014), and E (Kim et al. 2013), and minerals (Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, K, Zn) (Azuka et al. 2014). This medicinal herb has bactericidal, antidiabetic, diuretic, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-arthritic (Chowdhary et al. 2013) and anticancer effects (El-Aziz et al. 2014). ...
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) contains a variety of natural products with different biological properties. The objective of this research was to estimate changes in total phenolics, flavonoids, and fatty acids (α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid) contents as well as antioxidant activity of P. oleracea at different growth stages. Seeds were germinated in soil-filled plastic pots at greenhouse. Leaves and stems were collected at the vegetative and flowering stages. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the samples were determined by Folin–Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The contents of α-linolenic and linoleic acids were determined using gas chromatography analysis after transesterification of fatty acids. Furthermore, Ferric reducing antioxidant power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assays were used to determine the antioxidant activities. The highest contents of total phenols (698.6 mg GAE 100 g−1 DW), flavonoids (46.9 mg QE 100 g−1 DW), α-linolenic acid (2.7 mg g−1 DW) and linoleic acid (0.8 mg g−1 DW) were determined in the leaves at flowering stage. Free radical scavenging capacity was significantly affected (P ≤ 0.05) by age; and the leaves of purslane had more antioxidant potential compared to stems. A positive correlation was observed between the antioxidant activities and total phenols content. Overall, purslane leaves at flowering stage can be regarded as a valuable source of fatty acids (especially α-linolenic acid) and antioxidants in human diet.
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is widespread in various regions around the world. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid, gibberellic acid, and naphthalene acetic acid, as well as the application of mechanical and salinity stresses, on morpho-physiological traits, phenolic compound, flavonoids, and photosynthetic pigments. Salinity stress at 160 mM NaCl were applied four weeks after seed sowing (seedling stage). Plant growth regulators such as salicylic acid (50 and 100 mg L-1), gibberellic acid (50 and 100 mg L-1), and naphthalene acetic acid (130 and 200 mg L-1) and control treatment (distilled water), were sprayed on the leaves during the vegetative stage with two intervals 14 days apart. Wounding treatment was applied eight weeks after sowing (beginning of the reproductive stage) and then all plants were harvested after 24h. The highest dry weight of the aerial parts and roots was related to the external application of 100 mg L-1 salicylic acid and the control treatment, respectively. Salinity, wounding and external application of growth regulators, significantly increased cell membrane stability and the content of photosynthetic pigments. The highest total phenol and flavonoid content were associated with the 50 mg L-1 gibberellic acid and 160 mM salinity stress, respectively. It seems that encouraging the activity of enzymes involved in anabolic processes of phenolic and flavonoid content especially the phenylalanine ammonialyase are the main reasons.
The phytochemical analysis of the fresh aerial parts of Portulaca oleracea (Portulacaceae), growing in Jordan, using conventional chromatographic procedures resulted in the isolation of Beta-sitosterol, Beta-sitosterol-glucoside, N,N'-dicyclohexylurea, and allantoin. The last three compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant. The structure elucidation of these compounds was attained by the use of spectral data (UV, IR, MS, 1H-, 13C- and 2D-NMR), X-ray crystallography and by comparison with authentic samples.
At various stages of embryonic development, chick embryos were pulse-labeled with radioactive proline and protein was isolated from either whole embryo or specific tissues. The protein was digested with purified, protease-free bacterial collagenase to specifically cleave collagen into trichloroacetic acid soluble peptides. The relative rate of collagen synthesis was determined by comparison of the amount of radioactivity incorporated into collagen and noncollagen protein. Such determinations in the intact embryo revealed a 6-fold increase in the relative rate of collagen synthesis between 6 and 12 days of development. When isolated tissues were analyzed, the relative rate of collagen synthesis was found to increase 2.2-fold in the frontal bone between 11 and 14 days and 5.4-fold in the lower limb between 8 and 14 days; it remained relatively constant in skin between 8 and 16 days. The rate of calcification began to increase after the maximal rate of collagen synthesis had been reached in both bone tissues. The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase was at a high level at 11 days in the frontal bone and increased parallel to collagen synthesis. In bones of the lower limb, the specific activity of this enzyme increased almost in parallel to the rate of calcification.The results suggest that increased collagen synthesis is a prerequisite for bone formation, but the significance of the developmental pattern of alkaline phosphatase in this process is unclear.
Multiple forms of tyrosinase, T1, T2, T3, have been shown to differ with respect to carbohydrate moieties of these isozymes. We demonstrated that, in cultured B-16 melanoma cells, melanization can be completely interrupted by glycosylation inhibitors, such as glucosamine and tunicamycin, and that these inhibitors cause a selective loss of membrane-bound T3. It is further found that inhibition of melanization induced by glucosamine occurs even in the presence of protease inhibitors, such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and leupeptin, and that melanization inhibition is reversible upon removal of the inhibitor. In this report we have also examined the process of development and recovery of the tyrosinase isozymes in cells in which the interruption of melanogenesis has been released by the removal of these glycosylation inhibitors. The recovery process, which occurs during the period after interrupted melanogenesis and is a process of remelanization, has been biochemically followed. Tyrosinases obtained from the deoxycholate-solubilized large-granule fraction of these melanoma cells have been analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immediately after removal (0 h recovery) of the glycosylation inhibitor, loss of melanization and T3 is accompanied by T1 heterogeneity which is visualized as two electrophoretically distinct species, T1' and T1''. At this time, T1' and T1'' do not have a concanavalin A affinitive carbohydrate moiety but do possess in vitro dopa reactivity. When recovery of melanization begins visibly 24 h later, T3 is re-formed with disappearance of T1 heterogeneity. By 48 h, the previous normal level of melanization is almost attained. These results suggest that maturation of tyrosinase may occur via T1' and T1'' as precursors of T3, or possibly T1 through the addition of N-glycosydically linked oligosaccharide moieties which can be interrupted by glucosamine and tunicamycin.
The levels of tyrosinase mRNA and tyrosinase activity were analyzed in two amelanotic melanoma cell lines, D1(178) (hamster) and G-361 (human). Neither tyrosinase mRNA nor tyrosinase activity were detected in D1(178) cells. On the other hand, both tyrosinase mRNA and weak tyrosinase activity were detected in G-361 cells. Assuming that the different types of melanogenic inhibitors affected melanogenesis in these two amelanotic melanoma cells in different manners, we performed a screening of melanogenic inhibitors in these two cell lines. As an isolated tyrosinase suppressive melanogenic inhibitor, ascorbic acid and glutathione were identified from D1(178) cells and G-361 cells, respectively. Furthermore, lactic acid was identified from D1(178) cells as an isolated tyrosinase non-suppressive melanogenic inhibitor. B-16 mouse melanotic melanoma cells were depigmented by treatment with lactic acid. The melanogenesis suppression by lactic acid in B-16 cells was found to be due to inhibition of tyrosinase gene expression.
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Authors
In-Young Kim Ph.D
Company: R&D Center of Biobeautech Co., Ltd. KOREA
Position: CTO (Technical director)
I am working at Soongsil University as a professor. Also, I am working
at Korea Kolmar Co., Ltd. as well as Cosmecca Korea Co., Ltd. as a
technical advisor. And I have variously experienced in field of cosmetic
industry; Hankook cosmetic Co., Ltd. R&D Center for 5 years, CJ group,
cosmetic division skin science R&D Center for 8.5 years, NIKKO
Chemicals Co., Ltd. Cosmos Technical Center in Tokyo Japan for 5
years, LOREAL KSP R&D Center in PARIS FRANCE for 2 years. My
major job is develop the new raw materials for cosmetic fields such as
moisturizing actives, whitening and anti-wrinkle actives, texture
modifiers, uv light absorbers, plant extract, etc.
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KOREA Position: CEO -Dept D -Dept. of Cosmetology&Beauty, Sahmyook Health University College Professor. -Peeres Cosemtic Co., Ltd
- Seung-Bo Shim Ph
- Company
Seung-Bo Shim Ph.D
Company: Good Seed Cosmetics Co., Ltd. KOREA
Position: CEO
-Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University Ph. D
-Dept. of Cosmetology&Beauty, Sahmyook Health University College
Professor.
-Peeres Cosemtic Co., Ltd. R&D Center
Yong-Jin Chun Ph.D
Professor, Dept. of Cosmetic Science, Chungwoon University, KOREA
-Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Korea University Ph. D
-Scientic Researcher, Organic Chemistry Lab., KIST
International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology
Vol.5, No.5 (2013)
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KOREA Position: Senior Researcher -Dept. of Skin care, Hanbat University: part-time professor for 2 years -Dept
- Min-Hee Lee Dr
Min-Hee Lee Dr. Completed
Company: R&D Center of Biobeautech Co., Ltd. KOREA
Position: Senior Researcher
-Dept. of Skin care, Hanbat University: part-time professor for 2 years
-Dept. of Cosmetic Science, Professor of Seojong University for 2
years