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An International Journal of Southeast Asian Zoology
Supplement No. 27 22 November 2013
The Raffles Bulletin
of Zoology
Published by the Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore
Articles appearing in this journal are indexed in: SCIENCE CITATION INDEX® CURRENT CONTENTS® AGRICULTURE,
BIOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE; SCISEARCH® RESEARCH ALERT® BIOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS® CAMBRIDGE
SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACTS® AQUATIC SCIENCES & FISHERIES ABSTRACTS
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The Fishes of the Inland Waters of Southeast Asia:
A Catalogue and Core Bibliography of the Fishes Known to Occur in
Freshwaters, Mangroves and Estuaries
Maurice Kottelat
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013 SUPPLEMENT NO. 27
SUPPLEMENTS PUBLISHED
(continued from inside cover)
7. Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat,
C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong & S. Vijaysegaran, 1999. Host plant records for fruit fl ies (Diptera:
Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1–92.
8. Ng, P. K. L. & K. S. Tan (eds.), 2000. The biodiversity of South China Sea. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 8: 1–673.
9. Kurahashi, H. & F. R. Magpayo, 2000. Blow fl ies (Insecta: Diptera: Calliphoridae) of the Philippines. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology,
Supplement 9: 1–78.
10. Jefferson, T. A. & B. D. Smith (eds.), 2002. Facultative freshwater cetaceans of Asia: Their ecology and conservation. Raffl es
Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 10: 1–187.
11. Ng, P. K. L., D. Wowor & D. C. J. Yeo (eds.), 2002. Scientifi c results of the Anambas Expedition 2002. Raffl es Bulletin of
Zoology, Supplement 11: 1–130.
12. Yeo, D. C. J., P. K. L. Ng & R. Pethiyagoda (eds.), 2005. Contributions to biodiversity exploration and research in Sri Lanka.
Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 12: 1–434.
13. Kottelat, M. & D. C. J. Yeo (eds.), 2005. Southeast Asian freshwater fi sh diversity. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 13:
1–208.
14. Tan, H. & R.-Q. Jan (eds.), 2007. Proceedings of the 7th Indo-Pacifi c Fish Conference. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement
14: 1–434.
15. Wang, L. K. & C. J. Hails, 2007. An annotated checklist of birds of Singapore. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 15:
1–179.
16. Tan, S. H. & P. K. L. Ng (eds.), 2007. Crustacean Supplement 1. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 16: 1–357.
17. Ng, P. K. L., D. Guinot & P. J. F. Davie, 2008. Systema Brachyurorum: Part 1. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran
crabs of the world. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 17: 1–286.
18. Bieler, R., K. Chalermwat, P. M. Mikkelsen, K. S. Tan & E. Wells (eds.), 2008. Molluscs of Eastern Thailand: Proceedings of the
International Marine Bivalve Workshop, Chantaburi, Thailand, August–September 2005, with contributions on other molluscan
groups. Raffl
es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 18: 1–264.
19. Tan, S. H. & I.-S. Chen (eds.), 2008. Aquatic biodiversity of the South China Sea. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 19:
1–292.
20. Tan, S. H. & M. E. Y. Low (eds.), 2009. Crustacean Supplement II. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 20: 1–307.
21. De Grave, S., N. D. Pentcheff, S. T. Ahyong, T.-Y. Chan, K. A. Crandall, P. C. Dworschak, D. L. Felder, R. M. Feldmann, C. H.
J. M. Fransen, L.Y. D. Goulding, R. Lemaitre, M. E. Y. Low, J. W. Martin, P. K. L. Ng, C. E. Schweitzer, S. H. Tan, D. Tshudy
& R. Wetzer, 2009. A classifi cation of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement
21: 1–109.
22. Tan, K. S. (ed.), 2009. Fourteenth International Marine Biology Workshop 2006: The marine fl ora and fauna of Singapore.
Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 22: 1–294.
23. Low, M. E. Y. & S. H. Tan (eds.), 2010. Checklists of anomuran decapod curstaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea
and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) and marine lobsters of the world. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology,
Supplement 23: 1–181.
24. Davison, G. W. H. & C. S. W. Chia (eds.), 2011. Proceedings of the fi fth International Hornbill Conference, Singapore, 22–25
March 2009. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 24: 1–176.
25. Koh, L. P., T. M. Lee & M. L. M. Lim (eds.), 2012. Special Memorial Issue: Navjot S. Sodhi (1962–2011). Raffl es Bulletin of
Zoology, Supplement 25: 1–289.
26. Kottelat, M., 2013. Conspectus cobitidum: An inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei).
Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 26: 1–199.
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SUPPLEMENTS PUBLISHED
1. Wee, D. P. C. & P. K. L. Ng, 1995. Swimming crabs of the genera Charybdis De Haan, 1883 and Thalamita Latreille, 1829
(Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae) from Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement
1: 1–128.
2. Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L., 1995. The Ochyroceratidae of the Indo-Pacifi c region (Araneae). Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology,
Supplement 2: 1–103.
3. Ng, P. K. L. & C. T. N. Chuang, 1996. The Hymenosomatidae (Brachyura) of Southern Asia, with notes on other species. Raffl es
Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 3: 1–82.
4. Morioka, H. & C. M. Yang, 1996. A catalogue of the bird specimens in the Singapore Zoological Reference Collection Part I.
Struthioniformes–Charadriiformes. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 4: 1–141.
5. Kurahashi, H., N. Benjaphong & B. Omar, 1997. Blow fl ies (Insecta: Diptera: Calliphoridae) of Malaysia and Singapore. Raffl es
Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 5: 1–88.
6. Sodhi, N. S., H. S. Yong & P. K. L. Ng (eds.), 1999. The biodiversity of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. Raffl es Bulletin
of Zoology, Supplement 6: 1–288.
(continues on back cover)
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The Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology (RBZ) is an online, peer-reviewed journal which publishes high quality papers in
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of New England, Australia) • Fabian Herder (Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Germany) • Michel
Jangoux (University of Brussels, Belgium) • Maurice Kottelat (Cornol, Switzerland) • Damir Kovac (Senckenberg
Museum, Germany) • Kelvin K. P. Lim (NUS, Singapore) • John E. Randall (Bernice P. Bishop Museum, USA) • Fred
Sheldon (Louisiana State University, USA) • Daniel Simberloff (University of Tennessee, USA) • S. H. Tan (NUS,
Singapore) • Y. Tsubaki (Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Japan) • E. O. Wilson (Harvard University,
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ISSN 0217-2445
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THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
1
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013 Supplement No. 27: 1–663
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0B66AE04-C644-43CD-9B76-043848FAA9FE
Date of Publication: 22 Nov.2013
© National University of Singapore and the author
THE FISHES OF THE INLAND WATERS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA :
A CATALOGUE AND CORE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
THE FISHES KNOWN TO OCCUR IN FRESHWATERS,
MANGROVES AND ESTUARIES
Maurice Kottelat
Case postale 57, CH-2952 Cornol, Switzerland (address for correspondence), and
Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore,
6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Republic of Singapore
Email: mkottelat@dplanet.ch
CONTENTS
Abstract ......................................................................... 3
Introduction ................................................................... 4
Basic principles of nomenclature................................ 10
Abbreviations used...................................................... 15
Class Chondrichthyes
Subclass Elasmobranchii
Division Selachii
Order Orectolobiformes
Family Hemiscylliidae .......................... 18
Family Stegostomatidae........................ 19
Order Carcharhiniformes
Family Carcharhinidae ......................... 20
Division Batoidea
Order Pristiformes
Family Pristidae .................................... 23
Order Rajiformes
Family Rhinobatidae............................. 24
Order Myliobatiformes
Family Dasyatidae ................................ 25
Family Potamotrygonidae..................... 28
Family Myliobatididae.......................... 29
Class Actinopterygii
Division Teleostei
Order Osteoglossiformes
Family Osteoglossidae ............................... 30
Family Arapaimidae ................................... 31
Family Notopteridae ................................... 31
Order Elopiformes
Family Elopidae ......................................... 33
Family Megalopidae ................................... 33
Order Albuliformes
Family Albulidae ........................................ 34
Order Anguilliformes
Family Anguillidae ..................................... 37
Family Moringuidae ................................... 39
Family Muraenidae .................................... 41
Family Ophichthidae .................................. 43
Family Muraenesocidae ............................. 48
Order Clupeiformes
Family Pristigastridae ................................. 49
Family Engraulididae ................................. 52
Family Chirocentridae ................................ 57
Family Clupeidae ....................................... 58
Family Sundasalangidae............................. 64
Order Gonorhynchiformes
Family Chanidae......................................... 64
Order Cypriniformes
Family Cyprinidae ...................................... 65
Family Psilorhynchidae ............................ 171
Family Gyrinocheilidae ............................ 173
Family Botiidae ........................................ 173
Family Vaillantellidae............................... 176
Family Cobitidae ...................................... 176
Family Ellopostomatidae.......................... 184
Family Barbuccidae.................................. 185
Family Balitoridae .................................... 185
Family Gastromyzontidae ........................ 191
Family Serpenticobitidae ......................... 197
Family Nemacheilidae.............................. 198
Order Characiformes
Family Characidae.................................... 215
Family Serrasalmidae ............................... 215
Order Siluriformes
Family Loricariidae .................................. 215
Family Amblycipitidae ............................. 216
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
2
Family Akysidae ....................................... 217
Family Sisoridae ....................................... 221
Family Cranoglanididae ........................... 232
Family Siluridae ....................................... 232
Family Chacidae ....................................... 240
Family Plotosidae ..................................... 240
Family Clariidae ....................................... 242
Family Ariidae .......................................... 245
Family Schilbeidae ................................... 251
Family Pangasiidae .................................. 253
Family Bagridae ....................................... 256
Order Osmeriformes
Family Plecoglossidae .............................. 268
Family Salangidae .................................... 268
Order Salmoniformes
Family Salmonidae ................................... 270
Order Aulopiformes
Family Synodontidae................................ 270
Order Gadiformes
Family Bregmacerotidae .......................... 271
Order Ophidiiformes
Family Carapidae ..................................... 271
Family Bythitidae ..................................... 272
Order Batrachoidiformes
Family Batrachoididae ............................. 272
Order Lophiiformes
Family Antennariidae ............................... 274
Order Mugiliformes
Family Mugilidae ..................................... 275
Order Atheriniformes
Family Telmatherinidae ............................ 283
Family Phallostethidae ............................. 284
Family Atherinidae ................................... 286
Order Beloniformes
Family Adrianichthyidae .......................... 288
Family Hemiramphidae ............................ 290
Family Zenarchopteridae ......................... 293
Family Belonidae ..................................... 297
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Aplocheilidae ............................... 299
Family Poeciliidae .................................... 300
Order Beryciformes
Family Holocentridae ............................... 301
Order Gasterosteiformes
Family Indostomidae ................................ 301
Family Syngnathidae ................................ 301
Order Synbranchiformes
Family Synbranchidae .............................. 307
Family Chaudhuriidae .............................. 309
Family Mastacembelidae.......................... 310
Order Scorpaeniformes
Family Scorpaenidae ................................ 314
Family Tetrarogidae ................................. 315
Family Synanceidae ................................. 316
Family Platycephalidae ............................ 316
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei
Family Ambassidae ............................. 318
Family Latidae .................................... 323
Family Lateolabracidae ...................... 324
Family Percichthyidae ........................ 324
Family Serranidae ............................... 325
Family Pseudochromidae ................... 328
Family Opistognathidae...................... 329
Family Centrarchidae.......................... 329
Family Apogonidae............................. 329
Family Sillaginidae ............................. 330
Family Carangidae .............................. 331
Family Leiognathidae ......................... 337
Family Lutjanidae ............................... 340
Family Datnioididae ........................... 344
Family Lobotidae ................................ 344
Family Gerreidae ................................ 345
Family Haemulidae ............................. 347
Family Nemipteridae .......................... 349
Family Lethrinidae.............................. 350
Family Sparidae .................................. 352
Family Polynemidae ........................... 353
Family Sciaenidae ............................... 356
Family Mullidae .................................. 360
Family Monodactylidae ...................... 362
Family Toxotidae ................................ 362
Family Drepaneidae ............................ 365
Family Chaetodontidae ....................... 365
Family Nandidae ................................. 366
Family Pristolepididae ........................ 366
Family Badidae ................................... 367
Family Terapontidae ........................... 368
Family Kuhliidae ................................ 371
Suborder Labroidei
Family Cichlidae ................................. 373
Family Pomacentridae ........................ 375
Family Labridae .................................. 379
Family Scaridae .................................. 380
Suborder Trachinoidei
Family Trichonotidae.......................... 382
Suborder Blennioidei
Family Blenniidae ............................... 382
Suborder Callionymoidei
Family Callionymidae ........................ 385
Suborder Gobioidei
Family Rhyacichthyidae ..................... 386
Family Odontobutidae ........................ 387
Family Eleotrididae ............................ 388
Family Kraemeriidae .......................... 396
Family Gobiidae ................................. 396
Family Amblyopidae .......................... 432
Family Ptereleotrididae....................... 435
Suborder Kurtoidei
Family Kurtidae .................................. 436
Suborder Acanthuroidei
Family Ephippidae .............................. 437
Family Scatophagidae......................... 438
Family Siganidae ................................ 439
Family Acanthuridae........................... 441
Suborder Scombroidei
Family Sphyraenidae .......................... 444
Family Scombridae ............................. 446
Suborder Anabantoidei
Family Anabantidae ............................ 446
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
3
Family Helostomatidae ....................... 447
Family Osphronemidae....................... 448
Suborder Channoidei
Family Channidae ............................... 458
Order Pleuronectiformes
Family Paralichthyidae............................. 462
Family Tephrinectidae .............................. 463
Family Soleidae ........................................ 463
Family Cynoglossidae .............................. 466
Order Tetraodontiformes
Family Triacanthidae................................ 468
ABSTRACT. — There are 3108 valid and named native fish species in the inland waters of
Southeast Asia between the Irrawaddy and Red River drainages, the small coastal drainages
between the Red River and Hainan, the whole Indochinese Peninsula, Andaman and Nicobar
Islands, Indonesia (excluding Papua Province, Waigeo, Aru [but Kai is included]), and the
Philippines. They belong to 137 families. Their taxonomy and nomenclature are reviewed. The
original descriptions of all 7047 recorded species-group names and 1980 genus-group names
have been checked in the original works for correct spelling, types, type locality and bibliographic
references. The bibliography includes about 4700 titles. Synonymies are given, based on
published information as well as unpublished observations.
The names of 49 introduced species and 347 extralimital taxa cited in the discussions have
also been checked. The original descriptions of all species not present in the covered area but
cited as type species of genera have been checked for availability, authorship, date and correct
spelling. The availability of some family-group names has been checked when there was suspicion
of possible nomenclatural problems.
Bibliographic notes include new informations on the dates of publication of works by, among
others, Bleeker, Bloch, Heckel and Steindachner and discussion of authorship of names in various
works.
The main nomenclatural acts are listed below:
– type species designation for: Crayracion, Eleotris Scopoli, Eleotris Walbaum, Encheliopus
Cloquet, Gymnorhinus, Oonidus, Pristipoma Cuvier, Sargus Gronow;
– type species fixation under Code art. 70.3.1 for: Bdellorhynchus, Desmoprenes, Innoculus,
Paraprotosalanx;
– type species fixation under Code art. 70.3.2 for: Centrurophis, Ovoides Duméril, Pseudoscarus,
Rabula, Waitea;
– lectotype designation for: Alausa argyrochloris, Atherina endrachtensis, Barbus gardonides,
Barbus lateristriga, Betta patoti, Betta rubra, Carcharhinus commersonii, Clupea cyprinoides,
Clupea gigantea, Clupea thrissoides, Crossochilus benasi, Cyprinus clupeoides, Cyprinus
lamta, Engraulis rhinorhynchos, Esox alepidotus, Esox argenteus Gmelin, Esox argenteus
Schneider, Equula longispinis, Gobiomoroides piso, Gobius niger, Gonorhynchus bimaculatus,
Hemiramphus buffonis, Hemiramphus brevirostris, Hemiramphus georgii, Hemiramphus
russelli Valenciennes, Johnius cataleus, Lobotes auctorum, Neostethus borneensis,
Parosphromenus parvulus Foersch & Korthaus, Pellona leschenaulti, Raja edentula, Raja
guttata Shaw, Raja narinari, Rasbora trilineata, Synaptura achira, Teuthis brevirostris, Teuthis
javus;
– neotype designation for: Engraulis dussumieri, Lutjanus gymnocephalus, Ovoides fasciatus,
Ovum commersoni, Platygaster megalopterus, Scarus schlosseri, Sciaena jaculatrix, Sciaena
pentadactyla;
– declaration as nomina protecta: Albula Scopoli, Aplocheilus, Clupea quadrimaculata, Cyprinus
bola, Hemiramphus georgii, Hippocampus Rafinesque-Schmaltz, Kuhlia, Lateolabrax,
Mastacembelus erythrotaenia, Oligolepis, Pelates, Phyllopteryx, Platycephalus japonicus,
Puntius proctozysron, Raja uarnak Gmelin, Selaroides, Toxotes microlepis Günther;
– declaration as nomina oblita: Albula Osbeck, Barbus carassioides, Centranodon japonicus,
Clupea mauritiana, Conorynchus, Cyprinus goha, Gobileptes, Hemiramphus brevirostris,
Hemiramphus russellii van Hasselt, Hippocampus Perry, Leptaspis, Mastacembelus catenatus,
Odontopsis, Percalabrax, Platerome, Platysoma, Pristipoma Quoy & Gaimard, Raja
ommescherit, Raja scherit, Raja schoukie, Sphyraena japonica Bloch, Toxotes microlepis
Blyth;
Family Monacanthidae ............................. 469
Family Tetraodontidae.............................. 469
Family Molidae ........................................ 481
Appendices ................................................................ 481
Acknowledgements ................................................... 484
Bibliography
Bibliographic notes.............................................. 485
Literature cited..................................................... 505
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
4
– first reviser action on correct spelling of Barbus platysoma, Bathygobius variabilis,
Boleophthalmus novaeguineae, Euchiloglanis dorsoarcus, Gazza equulaeformis, Kurtus,
Leiocassis longispinalis, Neocorassius, Pareuchiloglanis namdeensis, Raja uarnak Walbaum;
– first reviser action on precedence of simultaneous publication of original descriptions of:
Parosphromenus parvulus, Puntius roloffi;
– first reviser action on precedence of simultaneous synonyms: Chanodichthys over Pseudoculter,
Thrissina over Xenengraulis and Scutengraulis, Xenengraulis over Scutengraulis, Apistus
longispinis over A. bougainvillii, Barbus balleroides over B. hypsylonotus, Carassioides
macropterus over C. argentea, Cyprinus jogia over C. sutiha, Cyprinus pausius over C. musiha,
Eleotris ophicephalus over E. madagascariensis, Gobius caninus over G. quadriporus,
Macropodus yeni over M. nigrocorpus, Mystus pahangensis over M. johorensis, Placocheilus
bibarbatus over P. imbarbatus, Raja mula over R. tajara, Rohita vittata over R. rostellatus,
Tetraodon caria over T. gularis;
– Chaetodon macrolepidotus Linnaeus, 1758 (now in Heniochus) has precedence over C.
acuminatus Linnaeus, 1758 as ruled by ICZN, 1912 [Opinion 40]. This Opinion has been
generally ignored.
– Oxygastri of Bleeker (1860c) is not available because it is a descriptive term, and not based on
the genus name Oxygaster;
– new genera: Desmopuntius (type species: Barbus hexazona Weber & de Beaufort, 1912),
Oliotius (type species: Capoeta oligolepis Bleeker, 1853), Puntigrus (type species: Barbus
partipentazona Fowler, 1934), Striuntius (type species: Barbus lineatus Duncker, 1904), Pao
(type species: Tetraodon leiurus Bleeker, 1850).
The main unsolved nomenclatural problems are:
– the type species of Acanthurus is Naso unicornis and an application to ICZN is needed to
retain the name for species currently called Acanthurus;
– the status of Siganus and Teuthis awaits a ruling by ICZN.
KEY WORDS. — freshwater fish, brackish water, mangrove, estuaries, taxonomy, nomenclature,
Southeast Asia, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar,
Manipur, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, Palawan, Sundaland, Indochina, Mekong,
Red River, Chao Phraya, Salween, Irrawaddy
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
5
Nowadays it seems fashionable among many zoologists, botanists, anatomists
and physiologists to slightly look down upon this kind of systematic research.
In our opinion quite unjustly. Though formerly this kind of investigation may
have been overestimated, at the moment one should not relapse into the opposite
error. Most likely we are now more than ever in urgent need of accurate
descriptions of species […].
P. Harting, 1878, Pieter Bleeker'’s obituary
human eyes. To these species I have not given the benefit of
the doubt. The now fashionable discussions about cryptic
species do not change the situation: one nucleotide does not
make a species, be it ever so cryptic. Further, in fishes, the
cryptic species discovered by molecular techniques that I
have been told about have been cryptic not because taxono-
mists could not distinguish them, but because no trained tax-
onomist ever had an opportunity to examine them.
Another limitation of the precautionary approach in South-
east Asian fishes is shown by the huge number of 'new' fish
species that have been described from Vietnam in recent
years. Their description is of a quality that makes it simply
impossible to even guess whether or not they might be val-
id. The identity and possible distinctness of most will re-
main in limbo as long as they are not competently re-de-
scribed or evaluated.
Similarly a number of families recognised in recent times
are not recognised. Cladistic molecular phylogeny (which
uses principles and mathematical algorithms that were called
phenetics 30 years ago, an approach rejected by cladistics)
has the great particularism of creating fluctuating and tran-
sient phylogenies. There is even a case of co-authors pub-
lishing contradictory phylogenies simultaneously in two
papers (Mayden & Chen, 2010; Tang et al., 2010; see Britz
& Conway, 2011a–b). This shows that it is imprudent to
instantly adopt the latest theory and that naming every little
temporary lineage uncovered by molecular analysis has lit-
tle justification.
For this catalogue I have examined personally the original
descriptions of all the species and genera recorded in the
inland waters of Southeast Asia, all their synonyms (mak-
ing a total of about 7047 nominal species and about 1980
nominal genera). I also examined the original descriptions
of the type species of all genera if they were not known in
the area, and those of the 347 taxa cited in the Taxonomic
and Nomenclatural Notes but not present in area. All cited
nomenclatural acts were checked. The availability of all non-
fish names cited as senior synonyms of fish genera was
checked. Synonyms based on fossil taxa and which have
never been used for recent taxa are not included.
INTRODUCTION
The present catalogue aims to present the state of the art of
our knowledge of the diversity of freshwater fishes of South-
east Asia. Work began in 1986 when I compiled a list of the
freshwater fishes of the Indochinese region (Kottelat, 1989).
The list expanded when I worked on a book on the fishes of
western Indonesia (Kottelat et al., 1993; Kottelat & Whit-
ten, 1996). Initially it was intended to include only the fresh-
water species, but the work for the Indonesian fish book
required the inclusion of all species that had been recorded
in inland waters, that is, including estuaries, most mangroves,
etc. In September 2013, the list includes 3107 valid native
species, in 707 valid genera and 137 families. Only named
species are included. I am aware of about 300 species to be
named soon or already on museum shelves and a fair num-
ber of synonyms to re-validate. I expect an additional 500
species still awaiting discovery in the wild. In addition, there
are 49 introduced and established species.
This catalogue is not the ultimate inventory of the fishes of
Southeast Asian inland waters. Many discoveries are still
ahead of us and a great amount of work remains to be done
before we reach an acceptable level of knowledge.
Taxonomy and systematics have two main goals. One is pri-
marily of academic interest: the study of the diversity of
living organisms and their phylogenetic relationships. The
other is of immediate practical interest: inventories, surveys,
documentation of biodiversity, and the compilation of iden-
tification tools. For the proper management of natural re-
sources, we need information on numbers of species and
their identification now, not sometime in the distant future.
If definitive conclusions are not possible with the available
data, then tentative decisions are needed. As for other com-
ponents of environmental management strategies, the pre-
cautionary approach should be the rule. In the present con-
text, in case of doubt on the distinctness of two species, the
precautionary approach would be to retain them as distinct
awaiting (possible) further research.
This precautionary approach, however, has its limits. The
development of molecular techniques has led some to rec-
ognise as 'species' populations distinguished only by a few
nucleotides; complex statistics have been used to justify the
recognition of 'species' otherwise not distinguishable by
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
6
About 6000 publications (in 22 languages) have been ex-
amined and about 4700 relevant ones are listed. All cited
references have been checked in the original publications.
The references or the details that I could not check (for ex-
ample, a stolen plate in the only copy that I could access of
an antique book) are marked in bold face (3 out of 4700
titles). A few references have been checked by trusted col-
leagues.
After completion of the catalogue, all names have been cross-
checked against other databases. Especially, all names were
cross-checked against Eschmeyer's (2013) Catalog of Fish-
es (CoF) in 2001. For each entry in CoF disagreeing with
my data, the data were verified again in the original descrip-
tions and literature. In 2010-2011 all names were cross-
checked one more time, and in cases of disagreement the
original literature was checked for a third time. Out of the
about 9785 checked names, the data (spelling, author, date,
types, type locality, etc.) for about 3440 differs from those
in CoF (35 %). Most of the differences are minor and of
little or no nomenclatural consequences (mainly related with
type localities), but a significant number of differences are
serious. The problems are more frequent with the pre-1860
non-English literature (type series, type localities, type-spe-
cies fixations, dates). In these times of on-demand biodi-
versity informatics there are too many assumptions made
about the quality of the data and there seem to have been
few or no efforts to carefully evaluate the contents of such
large databases. An analysis of the types of differences and
errors is in preparation.
A significant number of nomenclatural problems were dis-
covered and the application of the International Code of
Zoological Nomenclature (hereunder Code) results in a num-
ber of nomenclatural changes. In a few cases of changes
affecting family-group names or widely used names, requests
have been presented to the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) to retain these names in
their current usage (Scatophagidae, Ephippidae, Kottelat,
2010b; Siganidae, Kottelat, 2013b; Mystus, Kottelat & Ng,
2007). In other cases, I considered that the name changes
are minor and I simply applied the Code. At the genus level,
I consider that changes resulting from the application of the
Code do not create more problems than do changes result-
ing from the normal increase of our taxonomic knowledge
by the discovery of new taxa, new characters, etc. I consid-
er it appropriate to ask the ICZN to retain the current usage
in cases of potential confusion resulting from the discovery
of overlooked type species designations. But I consider it
unjustified to ask for the suppression of names (usually se-
nior homonyms and synonyms); to me, the argument of sup-
pressing names for the sake of stability of nomenclature in
favour of reputedly 'well-known' names does not hold in a
geographic area where new discoveries still abound and
where the taxonomic system is still very unstable. Under
that logic, dozens of names should be suppressed and this
would affect the stability of nomenclature by making the
purpose of the Code irrelevant. Also, writing applications
for all these minor cases would mean more applications than
the ICZN receives in a year.
Limitations. — One of the limitations of this catalogue is
that I started it in 1986; the work spanned 24 years and four
operating systems and unavoidably this caused slight inter-
nal inconsistencies in formatting. It has been updated con-
tinuously so that the technical content is not affected by this
'formatting evolution'. Further, between 1992 and today, two
different editions of the International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature (ICZN, 1985, 1999) have been in use, which
differ slightly. I have tried to update all entries affected by
the changes but I may have missed some.
Another limitation is that the core target of this work and
my own experience is the 'real' freshwater fishes. My treat-
ment of these taxa is probably close to complete. But I am
likely to have missed some records of estuarine species, or
some literature. When I encountered nomenclatural prob-
lems concerning freshwater fishes I had no hesitation in tak-
ing the necessary actions to clear the problems. When it came
to the same situation with estuarine taxa, I tried to solve the
routine problems but decided not to address the more com-
plex ones. However, I discuss these cases and their possible
solutions where pertinent. The number of marine taxa with
nomenclatural problems was unexpectedly high, and many
well and long known genus and family names are involved.
A potential for small errors arose late in the preparation of
this catalogue. I had long tried to confirm or revise the chro-
nology of the many papers published by Pieter Bleeker and
it is only late that I obtained the data to establish the se-
quence of publication of some 270 papers he published dur-
ing his stay in Java (Kottelat, 2011a) and of the Atlas ich-
thyologique (Kottelat, 2013c). A number of the names cre-
ated by Bleeker appeared more or less simultaneously in
different papers and journals. A consequence of this revised
chronology is that the now-established dates of availability
of many names differ from those commonly recognised, and
this has changed the precedence of the different description
of a few species, which now may have a different type se-
ries, or of some new genera, which now may have different
originally included species, thus potentially invalidating
earlier type species designations. I have tried to eliminate
this risk but I expect that some details would have escaped me.
Geographic and habitat coverages. — The geographic
coverage includes all inland water bodies of Southeast Asia
between (and including) the Kaladan, Irrawaddy and the Red
River drainages, the small coastal drainages between the Red
River and Hainan (included), the whole Indochinese Penin-
sula, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Indonesia (excluding
Papua Province, Waigeo and Aru [but Kai is included]), and
the Philippines (Fig. 1).
All freshwater species are included. Introduced species that
became established are listed (marked by asterisks, *), but
without complete synonymies; only species that have es-
tablished reproducing populations are listed. Species in-
habiting the estuaries, brackish lower stetches of rivers,
mangroves, etc. are also included. Species occasionally re-
ported in freswaters are recorded, although some of the
records or identifications need critical reevaluations (which
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
7
was beyond the goals of this work). I preferred to be too
inclusive than too exclusive. For these species too, synony-
mies are complete and include the nominal species described
from freshwater as well as the marine ones; similarly, the
generic synonymies applying to these genera are complete.
Through a lack of familiarity with some groups I may have
overlooked some synonyms.
Listed names. — All known names are listed, including
infrasubspecific names, which are given in their original
form. The only names that are not included are those sub-
specific or infrasubspecific epithets typicus when they are
merely intended to denote the nominotypical subspecies;
such names are usually not nomenclaturally available and
should not be used.
Spellings. — The headings of all generic and specific ac-
counts have the correct spelling of all valid names. In the
synonymies, however, all names are given with their origi-
nal combination (except that interpolated subgeneric names
are omitted) and with their original spelling, including mis-
spellings, capitalised letters, and diacritic marks [ü, è, ñ, etc.].
Capitalised letters and diacritic marks are not permitted by
the Code (arts. 27, 28, Glossary) and must be corrected. In-
correct original spellings are used only in the synonymies
but they have been corrected in all other circumstances, es-
pecially in the discussions under Nomenclatural notes.
Families. — Families are listed following the sequence in
Nelson (2006), except within Cypriniformes, for which
I follow Šlechtová et al. (2007) and my personal experience.
When there is disagreement between authors with regard to
the limits of families or higher categories, I generally fol-
lowed common practice, but have noted alternatives.
With a few exceptions I have not searched the synonymies
of family-group names. Note that a family-group name keeps
its original author and date even if used at different ranks.
For example Leuciscini Bonaparte, 1835 retains Bonaparte,
1835 as author, even if treated as subfamily Leuciscinae or
family Leuciscidae.
Genera and species. — Genera are listed in alphabetical
sequence within family. Species are listed in alphabetical
sequence within genera.
Entries for genera include the valid name of the genus (in
bold, as a heading), the name of the genus with the spelling
in the original description, the author, the year of publica-
tion, the number of the page with principal information. This
Fig. 1. The geographic area covered by the catalogue.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
8
is followed by information on possible subgeneric status in
the original description, type species, mode of designation,
information on possible nomenclatural acts associated with
the name, and grammatical gender. This information is pro-
vided for all names considered to be synonyms, in chrono-
logical sequence.
Entries for species include the valid name of the species (in
bold, as the heading), the name of the species as spelt in the
original description, the author, the year of publication, the
number of the page on which the actual description starts
(or where the elements necessary to make the name avail-
able occur) and the number of the main illustrations (ignor-
ing those showing maps, anatomical details, portrait of col-
lector, etc.). This is followed by a block in parentheses with
information on type locality and primary types, and infor-
mation on possible nomenclatural acts associated with the
name. If the name is based largely or totally on references to
the older literature, this information is listed first in the
pa-
renthesed block). This information is provided for all names
considered to be synonyms, in chronological sequence.
Additional information, if needed, is listed under Nomen-
clatural notes and Taxonomic notes. When names are cited
under Notes, which are not mentioned elsewhere in the text,
I usually (but not always) added the same data for that name
at the end of the paragraph, in brackets.
Transliteration of non-Latin alphabets. — Author names,
place names, and journal names in non-Latin alphabets, and
in languages using other notations, have been transcribed;
titles of books and papers have been translated. When a tran-
scription is used in the original work (e.g. in the text, in an
abstract, in a table of contents), the same spelling is used
here. There are some inconsistencies as it happens that tran-
scriptions or translations used in abstracts or tables of con-
tents may be different from the actual title of a paper. Fre-
quently, transcription systems have changed with time and
no standardisation has been attempted here. Older bibliog-
raphies or indexes may have used earlier transcription sys-
tems and I consider that a standardised use could actually
complicate bibliographic search, especially for those not
familiar with these languages.
Unfortunately, some accents and diacritic marks may have
disappeared as standard western European keyboards and
software do not support them. This especially applies in the
case of the Vietnamese alphabet.
Type localities. — The type locality is the locality at which
the holotype, lectotype or neotype was collected. Although
mentioned in the Code, the type locality has no nomencla-
tural role. Simply, it is a convenient wording, it is shorter to
say type locality than 'the locality at which the primary name-
bearing type was collected', or to give the locality data in
full.
In case there is no primary type but a series of syntypes
from different localities, the type locality is the sum of all
the localities of the syntypes, and all their localities are list-
ed (separated by a slash [ / ] where clarity requires it). In
very few cases (when the list of localities of syntypes is
very extensive), I have merely given a general description
of the localities. Localities are usually given with the origi-
nal spelling; this sometimes results in different spellings
being used for the same locality under different headings;
I have tried to introduce some consistency, but only in cases
where I was certain that the different spellings were really
referring to the same place, or when the different spellings
were used for the locality of the very same specimen, or
referring to the very same bibliographic source. Alternative
spellings or modern equivalents are given in square brack-
ets, but this has not been systematically attempted. Locality
descriptions have been translated into English when possi-
ble and/or justified; in some cases, words meaning river,
lake, etc. are part of the name in the original language and
they have not been deleted in order to avoid ambiguities
when using local maps [but the word river, lake, etc. has
been added]. Local names have been used, except for a few
well known rivers and lakes with a common English name
used in international literature (e.g. Mekong, Irrawaddy,
Salween, Ganges, Red River). For most localities, when fea-
sible I have tried to add information on present political
entities (country, province, state, etc.) and river basin as an
aid to the reader. For larger topographic features that have
several different names, a single one has been consistently
used; this especially applies to those traversing different
countries (e.g. Mekong River); I usually retained the name
easiest to find for readers not familiar with local toponymy
or, when it exists, the English name used in international
literature (e.g. Salween River and not Nu Jiang, Salawin,
Thanlwin, Salouen, or fGyl mo rNGul chu [a transcription
from Tibetan language]; Irrawaddy and not Ayeyarwady;
Red River and not Song Hong, Yuan Jiang or Fleuve Rouge).
As the work on the check-list spanned more than 24 years,
it is likely that some of the earlier entries might be in a slightly
different format than the latest ones.
Infrasubspecific names and nomina nuda having no nomen-
clatural status, they do not have type specimens and there-
fore do not have a type locality and I thus list only a 'local-
ity', when justified. Localities are usually not indicated for
infrasubspecific names based on aberrant specimens; they
are given only if the name has been created for a particular
geographical form.
When a neotype has been designated, the type locality is the
locality of the neotype. The original type locality [the local-
ity of the primary type mentioned in the original descrip-
tion], if different, is usually listed in square brackets in or-
der not to lose that information.
When a lectotype has been designated, the type locality is
the locality of the lectotype. The original type locality [the
sum of the localities of all the syntypes mentioned in the
original description], is not listed, unless justified.
Linnean species, pre-Linnean literature, unpublished
sources. — The identity and synonymy of species named
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
9
by Linnaeus [Linné] and other early authors present partic-
ular problems, since many of them named species not on
the b
asis material they personally examined but by reference
to earlier literature sources. For example, in his Systema
naturae, Linnaeus (1758) based most species names on ear-
lier accounts by himself and others. These have been traced
when possible and the exact bibliographic references given.
These secondary references have been examined too; very
often this actually creates additional problems because these
secondary authors themselves refer to older publications, etc.
I have not always included such secondary references and
have only rarely searched the tertiary and earlier sources.
Additionally, several of these earlier works exist in various
editions and Linnaeus' (and other's) bibliographic references
are not detailed enough to decide which editions were used.
For example, I have had the rare opportunity of examining
side by side different editions of Gesner's Nomenclator aqua-
tilium and Fischbuch but could not find all texts to which
Linnaeus referred. As these books usually are considered to
be antiquities or collector-items, interlibrary loans or photo-
copies are not possible. Examination and comparison of the
various editions would mean travelling to a number of li-
braries and investing a lot of time and money, beyond the
limits of the present work. Although there is an obvious his-
torical and academic interest, the utility of the exercise is not
obvious in the context of biological research and usable out-
puts. In such instances, I merely list the reference as given
by the original author, updated into current bibliographic sys-
tem. References to unpublished data are usually omitted un-
less they are relevant for nomenclatural purposes [for exam-
ple, reference to an unpublished figure of a type]. Type lo-
calities listed are those given by the author of the new name;
but the actual type locality is that listed by the author(s) on
which the account is based. Where holotypes are extant, or if
lectotypes or neotypes have been designated, the locality of
these specimens of course becomes the type localities. To
identify the type specimens of nominal species described by
these earlier authors, one has to follow about the same pro-
cedure, that is, to find the specimens on which the accounts
cited by (e.g.) Linnaeus are based (for examples, see Wheel-
er, 1958, 1985, 1991; Fernholm & Wheeler, 1983; Kottelat,
2003c; Kottelat & Persat, 2005; Kottelat & Freyhof, 2009).
Again, this is a tedious and time consuming task; I did search
some such cases when this was essential for solving nomen-
clatural problems, but did not search in detail all these cases.
(Contrary to a common belief, names created by Linnaeus
are not sacred, however, since Systema naturae has been
designated by later taxonomists as the starting point of to-
day's nomenclatural system, the names he used are the first
available names for the concerned taxa. By the simple logic
of the principle of priority they will remain, regardless of
how usable or informative the descriptions are—and they
usually are useless without recourse to other sources).
Incertae sedis, genera inquirenda, species inquirendae,
nomina dubia. — Incertae sedis are valid family, genera
and species of uncertain taxonomic position. Genera incer-
tae sedis are listed at the beginning of the Order or Family
to which they belong. For example, Pimelodus javus clear-
ly is a member of Siluriformes, but cannot be placed in any
family; it is therefore listed under Siluriformes, before the
family accounts.
Species incertae sedis are listed at the beginning of the fam-
ily to which they belong. Sometimes they are placed in the
genus in which my experience or that of knowledgeable
colleagues suggests they may belong. Alternatively, for spe-
cies placed in genera to which there is a suspicion they do
not belong, the generic name is placed in single quotation
marks (e.g. 'Genus' species), sometimes with a comment
under Taxonomic notes. The fate of a species incertae sedis
is to be placed in a genus.
A species inquirenda (plural: species inquirendae) is a spe-
cies of doubtful identity. Often they can be placed in a ge-
nus but the description and the known material do not allow
a decision as to whether or not the species is valid. Such
names are listed immediately under the heading of the ge-
nus to which they belong. Species inquirendae that cannot
be placed in any genus are listed immediately under the head-
ing of the family to which they belong. A species inquiren-
da may have great similarity to a valid species but its iden-
tity may remain open to doubt; these are listed in the synon-
ymy of that species, and are indicated by a question mark in
front of the name. Some species inquirendae are poorly de-
scribed but are nevertheless tentatively accepted as possi-
bly valid, for example because an illustration in the original
description suggests they may be valid; awaiting confirma-
tion or a usable description, they are listed as 'normal' spe-
cies but with a question mark. It is noteworthy that a sub-
stantial number of the taxa described from Vietnam in the
last 15 years falls into the category species inquirendae.
The fate of a species incertae sedis is that future studies will
show to which genus or family they belong. The fate of a
species inquirenda is to be redescribed and either found to
be a valid species or a synonym of some other species.
A species inquirenda should not be confused with a nomen
dubium. A nomen dubium (plural: nomina dubia) is a name
of doubtful application that is impossible to link with a
known species, or that may apply to several species. Typi-
cally, a nomen dubium would have been described in the
18th or 19th century, with a few laconic sentences includ-
ing no diagnostic characters usable today, or based on a paint-
ing or on an artificially prepared specimen (examples in-
clude species of Tetraodontidae based on deformed dried
specimens brought to Europe by seamen in the 18th centu-
ry; or many species described from Chinese paintings in the
19th century: these paintings usually were not based on a
given specimen but often were an artistic or idealised view
of the species, copied from earlier classical paintings, or
sometimes simply imaginary). The fate of a nomen dubium
is not to remain so, but to become either a valid name or a
synonym after either taxonomic examination or appropriate
nomenclatural decisions.
A genus inquirendum (plural: genera inquirenda) is a ge-
neric name that can be placed in a family but whose de-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
10
scription and associated species (usually species inquirendae
or nomina dubia) do not allow a decision as to whether or
not it is valid. Such names are listed immediately under the
headings of the family to which they belong.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NOMENCLATURE
A sad reality is that a majority of the users of scientific names,
especially those in the geographic area covered by this list,
have not had the opportunity to study the rules of nomen-
clature. This now also applies to most researchers complet-
ing their studies in western countries. For this reason it seems
necessary to start with a long introduction explaining basic
principles of nomenclature, terminology, and how to under-
stand the data in the present list. More experienced readers
will probably not need to read this section.
The most basic principle of nomenclature is that it deals
with only the names of organisms not with the organisms
themselves. The confusion between animals and their names
mars many taxonomic discussions and is becoming increas-
ingly common and damaging. It is of concern that even the
editors of some scientific journals are no longer able to make
this distinction, especially in fashionable areas like molecu-
lar systematics.
Nomenclature is about the correct formation and treatment
of names and the objective application of the 'legal' criteria
of a code, irrespective of taxonomic concepts or philosoph-
ical approaches. Taxonomy is about the scientific study of
organisms and includes a level of subjective interpretation
of observations that may differ among scientists.
Code. — Here, the word Code refers to the International
Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The current (4th) edi-
tion was published in 1999 and superseded the previous
editions with effect from 1 January 2000. The Code is pub-
lished under the responsibility of the International Com-
mission of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, www.iczn.org),
a body of zoologists (29 as of 2010), independent of politi-
cal or national entities. Under exceptional circumstances and
following a prescribed procedure, the ICZN has the power
to suspend the application of any of the articles of the Code.
These decisions (called Opinions and Directions) are pub-
lished in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature.
Nomenclatural acts. — A nomenclatural act is any of pub-
lished act that affects the nomenclatural status of a scientif-
ic name. This includes the creation of names, emendations,
designation of types, rulings of the ICZN, etc. Nomencla-
tural acts are valid if they satisfy the provisions of the Code;
they are invalid and must be rejected if they do not follow
the Code. Treating a name as a subjective synonym is a tax-
onomic act, not a nomenclatural act.
Original descriptions. — Original description within the
meaning of the Code (arts. 10–20) refers to the first use (cre-
ation) of an available name.
Available name. — An available name is a name that satis-
fies the criteria of the Code and may be used for a valid
species. The main criteria is that a new name must be ac-
companied by a description and the designation of a name-
bearing type (type specimen(s) for new species, type spe-
cies for new genera; see below). An available name is not
automatically a valid name.
Since 2012, the Code allows the publication of new names
in electronic-only publications if they fulfill a number of
conditions. Among them, the work must have an ISSN or
ISBN number, be archived, and be registered in Zoobank
(www.zoobank.org).
Valid name. — A valid name is the correct name applied to
a species. To be valid, a name must first be available. But an
available name is not automatically valid (junior synonyms
are available names but invalid). A 'valid name' should not
be confused with a 'valid species'.
A nominal species is any of the available names created for
a species, irrespective of its validity. If a valid species has x
synonyms, the valid name and the x synonyms are x+1 nom-
inal species.
Species-group names, genus-group names, family-group
names. — The species-group includes all the names of taxa
of the rank of species and subspecies. The genus-group in-
cludes all the names of taxa of the ranks genus and subge-
nus. The family group includes all the names of taxa ranked
above the genus-group: superfamily, family, subfamily,
tribes, etc.
Spellings. — A basic principle of nomenclature is that the
original spelling (the ones created by the author in the orig-
inal description) must be retained. There are a few excep-
tions and the Code is very precise about which spellings
must be corrected (incorrect original spelling). There are
no spelling that may be corrected, there are only spellings
that must be corrected or that must not be corrected. The
main categories of corrections is that if the species name is
a Latin adjective it must agree in grammatical gender with
the gender of the genus name. Incorrect original spellings
should never be used. Corrections of incorrect original spell-
ings allowed by the Code are called justified emendations.
Any intentional (explained) corrections not allowed by the
Code is an unjustified emendation and should never be used;
unjustified emendations are available names with their own
author and date, are objective synonyms of the emended
names, may be homonyms and may be used as substitute
names. They are included in the list but I may have over-
looked some. Any unexplained change or error is called an
incorrect subsequent spelling. Incorrect subsequent spell-
ings are not mentioned in synonymies, except if they have
used erroneously at least occasionally (example: Noema-
cheilus and Nemachilus as commonly used incorrect spell-
ings of Nemacheilus).
Date of publication. — While in everyday's language the
publication date is more or less equivalent to the date of
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
11
printing, in the context of nomenclature, the Code defines
that the date of publication is the date at which a work could
first be obtained (for sale or by free distribution). The date
of publication of a work is important to determine priority
between two synonyms, two homonyms or two nomencla-
tural acts. The Code rules that the earliest one has priority
over the youngest one (senior synonym vs. junior synonym;
senior homonym vs. junior homonym). Even a difference of
one day is enough to give priority. The Code art. 23.9 al-
lows exceptions (reversal of precedence), but only if very
precise conditions are met.
The year of publication is retained as printed on the publi-
cation. It may happen, however, that the work appeared at a
date different from that printed on the publication. If a dif-
ferent date is documented by reliable information, this date
must be retained for nomenclatural purposes. I have not at-
tempted to check the effective publication date of all cited
works; this would have been very time and effort-consum-
ing. I have invested time for such search only when it was
necessary to establish the precedence between two works,
or if it is was necessary to determine if a given work ap-
peared before or after some of the dates important to the
Code, or if there was a suspicion that a stated date is far
from the actual date. Otherwise, I consider that usage of the
date printed on the publication is more important than the
actual publication date (e.g. for retrieval on library shelves
or interlibrary loans).
Problems relating to dates associated with taxa are discussed
under Nomenclatural Notes. Those associated with specific
publications are mentioned in the Literature Cited section,
under the respective titles. Some of the more complex cases
are discussed separately: see Bibliographic Notes.
If nomenclatural acts are available from a valid electronic-
only publication, the date of publication is the date of first
distribution. New names and nomenclatural acts first made
available in electronic publications as 'accepted manuscript'
or 'uncorrect proofs' are not available. Taxonomists should
not circulate manuscripts or proofs because this is a serious
source of future problems.
Priority, precedence. — There is a subtle difference be-
tween priority and precedence. Priority indicates seniority,
that a work, a name or a nomenclatural act was published
before another one. Precedence indicates that a name must
be used instead of another, either by application of the prin-
ciple of priority, or because precedence is reversed for ex-
ceptions prescribed by the Code or by rulings of the ICZN.
Authorship. — The names of animals are usually followed
by the citation of their 'author'. For example the name of the
carp is Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, in which Linnaeus
is the author of the name C. carpio and 1758 the date of the
original description. The citation of the author and year is
merely a bibliographic reference. It is in no case an indica-
tion of ownership. Unfortunately, many scientists forget or
ignore the purpose of the mention of the author's name and
this has sometimes resulted in unjustified emotional reac-
tions of authors when one of 'their' species is treated as an
invalid synonym by others. Somehow, naming a new spe-
cies is the formulation of an hypothesis and there is no shame
if an hypothesis is found to be erroneous. Vexed ego may
never accept a synonymy.
The name of an author is written in parentheses when the
name is moved to another genus by subsequent authors. For
example, Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) was originally
described as Silurus bimaculatus by Bloch (1794).
For nomenclatural purposes, the Code (art. 50) defines the
author(s) of a work as the person(s) who first published a
name in a way that makes it available. In most cases the
author of a name is the person whose name appears as the
author of the book or article. In some cases of works by
more than one author, if one author only is responsible for
the name, then that person is author of the name and the
name is then cited in the format Barbus binotatus Valenci-
ennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842. I personally think
that this kind of citation of authorship is contrary to the pur-
pose of mentioning authors only as a bibliographic refer-
ence but introduces a ownership aspect; in this example it
seems even less desirable since the authors of the work had
themselves decided that the work would appear under both
names. In my eyes it serves no nomenclatural purpose to
search who did what in such a work (of course I understand
the historical interest). But the Code says so and even the
ICZN has ruled so on this precise case.
If it is established that a person other than the person named
as the author(s) of a work is alone responsible for both the
name and the conditions making the name available, then
that person is the author of the name (often called second-
ary author). For example, in Schneider (1801), the name
and the description of Mugil cirrhostomus are from unpub-
lished notes of Forster. Schneider had no specimen and no
other source to describe the species; therefore Forster is
author of the name, and the name is cited as M. cirrhosto-
mus Forster, in Schneider, 1801. [Forster's manuscript was
later published by Lichtenstein (1844) and the two texts can
be compared.]
If an external person is author of the description (for exam-
ple personal notes) and the named author of the work cites
him and proposes a name for the taxon, then the named au-
thor of the work remains author of the name. For example,
Schneider (1801) used some of Forster's descriptions but
choose other names (for example to avoid homonymy); in
this case, Forster is not responsible for both the name and
the conditions making it available, and therefore Schneider
alone is the author.
If an external person merely suggested a name for a species
described in a work, this does not make him the author of
the name. The author of the work is responsible for the con-
ditions making the name available (i.e., the description, des-
ignation of types, etc.) and therefore is the sole author. For
example, when Valenciennes (1846) described Cobitis fas-
ciata he commented that in their notes the collectors (Kuhl
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
12
and van Hasselt) had a drawing of this fish, which they had
labelled Naemacheilus fasciatus. Kuhl and van Hasselt trag-
ically died before they could publish the description. Twen-
ty-four years later, Valenciennes used the name for the new
species and wrote the description himself. This makes him
alone the author. The species must be cited as C. fasciata
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846 and not C.
fasciata Kuhl & van Hasselt, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846.
Posthumous works belong to these categories but can be
more complex. Sometimes it is simply a matter of some-
body publishing a completed manuscript by a deceased
friend or colleague; in such case, the author of the manu-
script is clearly the author of the work and of the names.
The Code art. 50.1.1 explicitly mentions "satisfying the cri-
teria of availability other than actual publication". This means
that if both the names and the descriptions of the new taxa
are entirely the work of a deceased person, then he is the
author. To organise the actual publication is excluded from
the conditions of authorship.
If the description of a given species has been modified by
the editor, both original writer and editor might be co-au-
thor of the name. If the description is completely rewritten
by the editor, based on his own observations, then he is the
author of the name.
Examples: Forsskål died during a travel around the Red Sea.
His notes were later assembled, organised and published by
Niebuhr, using the names in Forsskål's notes and without
work on the content of the text. Forsskål is author of the
names. For bibliographic (librarian) purposes, he is also treat-
ed as author the work (see also Bibliographic Notes).
The manuscript of Bloch's Systema ichthyologiae was to-
tally rewritten by Schneider, who also added numerous spe-
cies, the index etc. Schneider is author of the work, as indi-
cated on title page, but Bloch is author of some taxa.
Schneider explicitly indicated the species he described.
When he died, Spix had not written the text on the fishes he
collected in Brazil. He had supervised the preparation of
most plates and had named the species on the plates. Agas-
siz was hired to write a text that could be distributed with
the plates. He wrote the descriptions of all species. For some
he ignored the names on the plates and created new names,
and he is author of these names. For the species names that
appear only in plates, created by Spix, because the plates
alone are among the conditions sufficient to make a name
available, Spix is the author. And in the cases Agassiz wrote
descriptions and used the names created by Spix on the
plates, they are coauthors of the name.
Type species. — Each genus-group name has a type spe-
cies. The type species of a genus name is the species whose
name determines the validity of a genus. If several species
are placed in genus X, with type species Xx and this genus
is later divided into two genera, the genus which include
species Xx will continue to be genus X while the other ge-
nus will have another name. If two genera have the same
type species, they are objective synonyms. Genus-group
names proposed after 1930 without the fixation of a type
species are not available (Code art. 13.3) [note that art. 13.3
requires that the fixation be "in the original publication [Art.
68]" and that art. 68 includes, as "type species fixed in the
original publication", those established by original designa-
tion, by monotypy, by absolute tautonymy and by Linnean
tautonymy].
Type genus. — Each family-group name has a type genus.
The type genus is the genus whose name has been used to
form the name of the family. For example Silurus is the name
of the genus used to form the family group names Siluridae,
Siluriformes, Silurinae, etc. For nomenclature purposes these
three words are a single name. Whatever the rank within the
family-group, these names retain the same author and date.
Type specimens. — Each species-group name has a type.
The type of a species name is the specimen on which the
name is based; the phrase name-bearing type is more ap-
propriate but, in order to simplify texts, is not usually used.
The type specimen is the type of a name, not of a species. It
is therefore erroneous to understand the type as a 'model'
representation of a species or a specimen to which all spec-
imens must be identical to be called the same species. The
type concept is a nomenclatural standard and totally inde-
pendent of any taxonomic judgements or philosophical the-
ory. The type is only used to objectively define to which
species the name must be applied. If the type specimen of
the name Yus belongs to species 1, then the name of species
1 is Yus. If the type specimens of the names Yus and Xus
belong to species 1, then the names Yus and Xus are syn-
onyms (and the senior one has priority).
Only primary types (name bearing types) are listed here.
Primary types are holotypes, lectotypes, neotypes and syn-
types. Other type categories recognised by the Code are
paratypes and paralectotypes but have no nomenclatural
function. Other 'type' categories (e.g. allotypes, topotypes,
paratopotypes, paraneotypes) are not recognised by the
Code, should not be used and are ignored here. Among them,
allotype is sometime used to designate one of the paratypes
of a sex different from that of the holotype; topotype is used
as a shortened way to say 'a specimen collected at the local-
ity where the primary type was collected'.
The holotype is the specimen that has been explicitly desig-
nated so (or by a similar wording) in the original descrip-
tion by the original author, or the only specimen available
author author of and name then author
of work conditions itself of name is
is making name created by
available is
AA A A
AA B A
AB A A
A B B B, in A
A A and B B A & B, in A
A A and B A A & B, in A
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
13
to the author, if there is clear evidence that the author based
the nominal species on a single specimen. There is only one
holotype per species. In all cases where there is clear evi-
dence that the author based the nominal species on more
than one specimen (including literature records) but did not
designate a holotype, then all these specimens are syntypes.
When it is not possible to determine from the original de-
scription if a name is based on one or several specimens,
I usually use 'types' or 'holotype?'.
If the nominal species is based on a specimen explicitly des-
ignated as holotype and a number of additional specimens
are also explicitly designated as types, these are paratypes;
allotypes are thus paratypes. The sum of the holotype+para-
types or the sum of the syntypes is called the type series. In
some cases (especially for species described by P. Bleeker),
I indicate the size ranges of the type series in square brack-
ets since this can be an important tool to recognise them
(example: syntypes [12, 41–43 mm SL]).
In cases where there is no holotype but only a series of syn-
types, one of the syntypes may be designated as lectotype; it
then has the same value as the holotype. The remaining syn-
types then become paralectotypes and lose their status as
primary types. Lectotypes are designated when it is demon-
strated or suspected that the type series includes more than
one species; it allows the name to be definitively fixed to
the nominal species to which the lectotype belongs. Inci-
dentally, the designation of a lectotype also restricts the type
locality to the locality of the lectotype, excluding the local-
ities of the other syntypes. Paratypes and paralectotypes are
not listed hereunder as they are not name-bearing types.
If none of the specimens of the original type series remains,
or if the holotype or lectotype no longer exist (they have not
been preserved, are lost, or destroyed) and if the name can-
not be unambiguously linked to a valid species, then (and
only then) a specimen can be designated as neotype that
will have the same function as the holotype. Incidentally,
the designation of a neotype also restricts the type locality
to the locality of the neotype. All designations of neotypes
that do not fully satisfy these and several other conditions
laid down in the Code are invalid and must be ignored.
A number of neotype designations are invalid because the
need for a neotype is not stated or demonstrated. This re-
quirement did not exist in the 1985 Code (art. 75(b)) and an
implicit justification was enough. The requirement became
explicit in the 1999 Code, with an added clause (art. 75.3.1)
requiring "a statement that [the neotype] is designated with
the express purpose of clarifying the taxonomic status or
the type locality of a nominal taxon". Unfortunately the 1999
Code is missing a clause explaining what should be done of
neotype designation validly made before 2000 but invalid
under the 1999 Code because of the absence of the state-
ment. Formally, they become invalid because art. 86.3 states
that all former editions of the Code have no force.
This I interpret as an oversight of the editors of the 1999
Code and is unintentional, otherwise it could be the cause
of very serious instability in some groups, which would be
totally against the spirit of the Code. Many of the pre-2000
neotype designations do not have the statement required by
the 1999 Code. I have retained as valid the neotypes validly
designated before 2000 under the 1985 Code.
After the original description, it may be necessary for later
authors to re-examine the primary type of a nominal species
in order to decide to which taxonomic species it applies, for
example in cases when several similar species are later dis-
covered and the original description does not mention the
characters now decisive to determine to which of these spe-
cies the name must be applied. It is, however, not a necessi-
ty to examine a primary type if the original description pro-
vides all the information needed for identification. In fact,
types may be fragile specimens, and they should not be han-
dled if not justified, and persons without experience should
not be permitted to handle them. Primary types must be
deposited in museums or other responsible institutions and
with staff able to conserve them and make them accessible
to later researchers. Even if there is political pressure in some
countries to consider types as national property, types do
not belong to a country but to science and must be accessi-
ble to competent scientists irrespective of their nationality.
Neotypes, by definition, must be deposited in a recognised
institution (e.g. museum).
A number of species described by earlier authors do not have
known types or they have been lost since the original de-
scription. This does not affect the availability of a name.
For example, a specimen described in the field and later
eaten by an author remains the type specimen. Or a speci-
men used as model for a figure remains the type specimen,
even if it has not been preserved.
When known, institutions in which primary types are de-
posited are listed, together with register number and, when
known, the number of specimens in square brackets (exam-
ple: AAA 1234 [2], BBB 1233 [1]). When the primary types
were deposited in a collection but cannot presently be locat-
ed, the institution is listed as they may still be present (mis-
identified, misplaced, uncatalogued), or as a starting point
for further search. The source for the catalogue number is
given when it is not the original description; besides, many
of those listed in the original descriptions have also been
checked in published catalogues or in the institutions them-
selves. When there is a series of syntypes, I listed those
I could trace in the literature, but made no effort to trace the
whole series; this would have been tedious, many of them
having possibly been used for exchanges between institu-
tions, etc. NT indicates that there is no (or apparently no)
preserved type material, LU that there was apparently pre-
served type material but that its whereabouts are not known.
A question mark in front of the abbreviation of an institu-
tion indicates that the type(s) is possibly there or that the
type status of the specimen is not certain.
Institutional abbreviations used in the text are listed below.
For institutions for which no abbreviations have been used
in literature, the abbreviations follow current use by work-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
14
ers at these institutions (where possible) or Leviton et al.
(1985; Leviton & Gibbs, 1988) or Eschmeyer (2010). I did
not automatically follow Leviton et al. and Eschmeyer as a
standard because for non-US collections the abbreviations
they list are often not those actually used by the institutions
themselves. In case the abbreviations used in these lists dif-
fer from those used by workers at these institutions, I retain
the second one (as long as they make sense and do not rep-
resent personal, bureaucratic or chauvinistic idiosyncrasy).
Synonyms. — The word synonym is used with the meaning
it has in the Code, that is a new name applied to a species
that already had a name. Names erroneously used for a spe-
cies other than the one originally described under that name
are misidentifications. Misidentifications are not synonyms
and are not included in this catalogue. The Code rules that
in case an author thinks that two names actually refer to a
single species (i.e., they are synonyms), the name published
first (senior synonym) is the valid name; the name published
later (junior synonym) is invalid (cannot be used). The jun-
ior synonym nevertheless remain available; should a later
author find that the type specimens of the two names actual-
ly refer to different species, the junior synonym might be
used again (if it satisfies conditions set by the Code).
If the two synonyms are based on the same specimen (i.e.,
they have the same primary type), they are objective syn-
onyms and the junior synonym is invalid. If the two names
are based on different primary types that an author consid-
ers as belonging to a single species, they are subjective syn-
onyms (they are subjective because this is the taxonomic
judgement of an author and other authors may disagree; in
the opposite case, objective synonymy is a purely nomen-
clatural issue, not depending on of taxonomic judgement).
Homonyms. — Two available names with identical spell-
ings and created independently for different taxa are called
homonyms. The Code rules that the name published first
(senior homonym) is the valid name; the name published
later (junior homonym) cannot be used and must be replaced.
Junior homonyms are permanently invalid, unless satisfy-
ing some precise conditions of the Code.
In the species-group, two homonyms created in the same
genus are called primary homonym. Example: Barbus yun-
nanensis Fowler, 1958 is a junior primary homonym of Bar-
bus yunnanensis Regan, 1904.
Two species names originally established in different gen-
era but later combined with the same genus name are called
secondary homonyms. Example: Crayracion fluviatilis var.
ocellata Steindachner, 1870 was not a homonym of Tetra-
odon ocellatus Linnaeus, 1758 when established. Later (in
1975), it was treated as a valid species of Tetraodon and its
name became T. ocellatus (Steindachner, 1870), a junior
secondary homonym of T. ocellatus Linnaeus, 1758.
Replacement names. — If a species name becomes invalid
because it is a junior secondary homonym, it must be re-
placed. The name used for replacement is called substitute
name. The substitute name is the next oldest synonym. If
there is no available synonym, then a new replacement name
is established. The new replacement name takes the same
type as the replaced name. In the example above, Dekkers
(1975) treated Crayracion ocellatus as a valid species of
Tetraodon and made it a junior homonym of Tetraodon ocel-
latus. He created the new replacement name T. steindachneri
to replace the junior homonym.
A junior secondary homonym rejected and replaced before
1961 is definitively invalid (there may be exceptions; Code
art. 59.3). But a junior secondary homonym rejected after
1960 but later considered to be in a genus different from the
senior homonym becomes valid again (Code art. 59.4). In
the above example,when Crayracion ocellatus Steindachner,
1870 was treated as a valid species of Tetraodon it had to be
replaced by Tetraodon steindachneri Dekker, 1975. But
T. steindachneri is now considered to be a valid species of
Dichotomyctere and the senior synonym must be reinstated
and the valid name is now D. ocellatus (Steindachner, 1870),
not D. steindachneri.
Occasionally, some authors have replaced names because
they overlooked an already available name that should have
been used as substitute name, or because they did not like
an existing name, or because they found it inappropriate, or
to follow the nomenclature rules at the time, or under politi-
cal pressure. These replacement names are invalid and can-
not be used. These names are called unnecessary replace-
ment names. In the above example, after the creation of the
new replacement name Tetraodon steindachneri Dekkers,
1975 it was discovered that the misidentified T. biocellatus
Tirant, 1885 in fact was also a junior synonym of T. ocellatus
(Steindachner, 1870). Therefore T. biocellatus became the
valid substitute name for T. ocellatus (Steindachner, 1870)
and T. steindachneri became a junior synonym of
T. biocellatus. An later, after moving the species to Dycho-
tomyctere as mentioned above, the replaced secondary jun-
ior homonym T. ocellatus was reinstated as D. ocellatus
(Steindachner, 1870).
Infrasubspecific names. — Infrasubspecific names are
names originally intended for categories below the subspe-
cies level (for example: varieties, natios). These names are
not recognised as valid by the Code. They are nevertheless
listed here. For infrasubspecific names, I have indicated the
locality stated by the original author, but have not listed
material. Even if these have sometime been called type lo-
calities and types in the literature, as the names are not avail-
able for zoological nomenclature, these 'type localities' and
'types' have no nomenclatural status.
Infrasubspecific names may become validated by a subse-
quent use as subspecies or species name. Whenever I found
an infrasubspecific name validated this way I noted it; if
such subsequent uses are not listed, it does not mean there
is none, just that I did not find one. Most of these valida-
tions have been accidental (the authors were not aware of
the nomenclatural implications of their use of the name) and
appeared in non-taxonomic publications and often escaped
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
15
indexing. A search through the whole ichthyological litera-
ture for such accidental validations is not feasible and their
discovery is usually accidental.
An additional problem with the search for infrasubspecific
names and their accidental validations is that access to the
literature of some countries is limited or restricted, and it is
not a coincidence that such actions and biological concepts
were most frequently used in these very countries.
Ending and spelling of species names. — The following
discussions refers only to scientific names, which are writ-
ten in a language supposed to be Latin. When the system of
binominal nomenclature was created, the genus was the
important entity and the species was of secondary signifi-
cance. As a result, the names of the species were made of a
noun (the genus name) and a qualifying word (the species
name), in most cases an adjective or a noun in the genitive.
As genus names are nouns, they have a grammatical gender
(masculine, feminine or neuter). In Latin, French, German
and most western languages the ending of adjectives varies
to agree with the gender of the noun (English is a notable
exception in which adjectives are not variable). When new
research shows that a species must be transferred from one
genus to another, if the two genera have names with differ-
ent grammatical genders, it may happen that the ending of
the name of the species must be changed to agree in gender
with the name of the genus (Code art. 31.2).
This may seem complicated, but actually it does not require
to learn Latin, but only to follow a handful of trivial rules:
a) check the gender of the name of the genus in the original
publication or on a reliable list;
b) if the species name is a noun, its spelling remains un-
changed;
c) if the species name is an adjective, the name must agree
in gender with the genus.
I provided elsewhere (Kottelat, 2012b: 8–12) guidelines on
how existing names should be analysed (Note, this is for
existing names not for creating new names). These guide-
lines apply to the vast majority of names; a few rare cases
make exceptions and are not discussed. Besides, answers to
most questions can be found in dictionaries and in case of
doubt, it does not take a great effort to ask knowledgeable
colleagues. In the last resort, if nobody knows or if it seems
too time consuming, one should treat the name as a noun in
apposition and simply retain the original spelling.
ABBREVIATIONS
e.g., exempli gratia (for example)
i.a., inter alia (among other things)
I., island
Is., islands
masl, meters above sea level
q.v., quod vide (which see, see there)
s.l., sensu lato (in the wider sense)
s.s., s.str., sensu stricto (in the stricter sense)
viz., videlicet (that is, namely)
Ichthyological collections
AFAQ Museum of Amateur Fishermen's Association of
Queensland, Australia [now in QM]
AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New
York, USA
AMS Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia
ANFC see CSIRO
ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA
ASIO Institute of Oceanography, Academia Sinica,
Qingdao, China
ASIZB Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing,
China
ASIZP Biodiversity Research Museum, Academia Sini-
ca, Taipei, Taiwan
BDSSI Laboratory of the Biology Department, Shang-
hai Science Institute, Shanghai, China [present
status unknown]
BLG Biological Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University,
Guangdong, China
BMNH Natural History Museum [formerly British Mu-
seum, Natural History], London, U.K.
BOC Bingham Oceanographic Collection, Yale Uni-
versity, New Haven, USA [now YPM]
BPBM Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, USA
BSM Bureau of Science, Manila, Philippines [de-
stroyed during World War II]
CAS California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco,
USA
CM Carnegie Museum [now in FMNH]
CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, CSIRO,
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
CUMZ Chulalongkorn University Museum of Zoology,
Bangkok, Thailand
DHFRI Dong Hai Fisheries Research Institute, Shang-
hai, China
DHMB Department of Harbours and Marine, Brisbane,
Australia [now at QM]
DVZUT Department of Vertebrate Zoology, University of
Tông-Hop, Hanoi, Vietnam
ECSFI East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,
Shanghai, China
FAKU Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyo-
to, Japan
FESC Fisheries Experimental Station, Guangdong,
China [now Pearl River Fishery Research Insti-
tute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,
Guangzhou, China]
FMNH Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
16
FRLM Fisheries Research Laboratory, Mie University,
Mie, Japan
GCM Department of Zoology, Government College
University, Lahore, Pakistan
GUZ Gauhati University, Gauhati, India
HNUE Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and
Agricultural Technology, Hanoi National Univer-
sity of Education [also Hanoi University of Ped-
agogy], Hanoi, Vietnam
IBSD Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Devel-
opment, Takyelpat, India
IHB Institute of Hydrobiology, Wuhan, China
ION Museum of Marine Biodiversity, Institute of
Oceanography, Nhatrang, Vietnam
IPMB Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sa-
bah, Malaysia
IPPS Fisheries Research Institute Sarawak, Kuching,
Malaysia
IRSM Institut de la Recherche Scientifique de Mada-
gascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar [mostly now
in MNHN]
IRSNB Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles,
Belgium
ISBB Institutul Stiinte Biologice, Bucuresti, Romania
IZA Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Universi-
ta, L'Aquila, Italy
IZPAN Zoology Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Warszawa, Poland
JNH Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guang-
zhou, China
KIZ Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
LSL Linnean Society, London, U.K.
LUG Lingnan University, Guangzhou, China [present
status unknown]
MAMU Macleay Museum, University of Sydney, Syd-
ney, Australia
MARNM Maejo Aquatic Resources Natural Museum,
Chiang Mai, Thailand
MCSNG Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova, Italy
MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoölogy, Cambridge,
USA
MCZL Musée Cantonal de Zoologie, Lausanne, Swit-
zerland
MFLB Marine Fisheries Laboratory, Department of
Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand
MGAB Museul de Istorie Naturala 'Gr. Antipa', Bucuresti,
Romania;
MGHNL Musée Guimet d'Histoire Naturelle, Lyon, France
MHNG Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Genève, Switzer-
land
MHNN Musée d'Histoire Naturelle, Neuchâtel, Switzer-
land
MIKU Marine Biological Institute, Kyoto University,
Japan [now at FAKU]
MMNHN Metropolitan Museum of Natural History, Nank-
ing, China [now Nanjing Museum, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China]
MNCN Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid,
Spain;
MNH Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Budapest, Hungary
MNHN Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris,
France
MSNM Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano, Italy
MTD Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, Germany
MUMF Manipur University Museum of Fishes, Can-
chipur, India
MUS
Muzium Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
MZB Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Cibinong, In-
donesia
MZUB Museo Zoologico dell'Università de Bologna,
Bologna, Italy
MZUF Museo Zoologico 'La Specola', Università di
Firenze, Firenze, Italy
MZUSP Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil
MZUT Museo Zoologico, Universita, Torino, Italy
NCNTTSI Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1 [Vien
Nghien curu Nuoi trong Thuy san 1; earlier Dinh
Bang Fish Research Station], Bac Ninh, Vietnam
NHMG Naturhistoriska Museum, Göteborg, Sweden
NIG Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
NKMC National Kweiyang [Guiyang] Medical College,
Guiyang, Guizhou, China [present status un-
known]
NMBA Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland
NMBE Naturhistorisches Museum, Bern, Switzerland
NMMB National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquar-
ium, Pingtung, Taiwan
NMSL National Museum of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri
Lanka
NMSZ National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scot-
land, U.K.
NMV Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
NMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria
NPIB Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
NRIBAS National Research Institute Biology, Academy
of Sciences, Nanjing, China
NRM Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden
NSMT National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan
NTM Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Terri-
tory, Darwin, Australia
NTUM National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
NZOI New Zealand Oceanographic Institute [now Na-
tional Center for Coasts and Oceans], Welling-
ton, New Zealand;
OUC Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
PNM Philippines National Museum, Manila, Philip-
pines
QM Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia
RCMMF Museum of Fishes, Research Center Manipur,
Imphal, India
RIAH see NCNTTSI
RMNH Naturalis Biodiversity Center [earlier Nationaal
Natuurhistorisch Museum, earlier Rijksmuseum
van Natuurlijke Historie], Leiden, The Netherlands
ROM Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada
RUSI J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Graham-
stown, South Africa [now SAIAB]
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
17
SAIAB South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity,
Grahamstown, South Africa
SAM
South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa
SAMA South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia
SBC Sarawak Biodiversity Center, Kuching, Sarawak,
Malaysia
SBM Sabah Museum, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malay-
sia [see MUS]
SCNU South China Normal University, College of Life
Science, Department of Biology, Guangzhou,
China
SCSFRI South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,
Guangzhau, China
SFC Shanghai Fisheries College, Shanghai, China
[now SFU]
SFI Shanghai Fisheries Institute, Shanghai, China
[now SFU]
SFU Shanghai Fisheries University, Shanghai, China
SMF Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt, Ger-
many
SMK Sarawak Museum, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
SNMB
Slovenské Národné Múseum, Bratislava, Slovakia
SMNS Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart,
Germany
SSCN
Museum of the Biological Laboratory, Science
Society of China, Nanking, China [now NRIBAS]
SU Stanford University [now at CAS]
SWFC Museum of Zoology, Southwest Forestry Col-
lege, Kunming, China
TFRI Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute, Chilung,
Taiwan
THNHM Thailand Natural History Museum, National Sci-
ence Museum, Pathum Tani, Thailand
TINRO Museum Tinro, Vladyvostok, Russia
TISTR Thai Institute of Science and Technology,
Bangkok, Thailand
TMBU Museum of the Department of Zoology, Tilka-
manjhi Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, India
TUF Laboratory of Fishery Biology, Tokyo Universi-
ty of Fisheries [Museum of Fishery Sciences,
Tokyo University of Marine Sciences and Tech-
nology], Tokyo, Japan
TUK Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University,
Kathmandu, Nepal
UBD
Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam
UF Florida Museum of Natural History, University
of Florida, Gainesville, USA
UCDZ Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology,
University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
UMB Ueberseemuseum, Bremen, Germany
UMMZ University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann
Arbor, USA
UMSB University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sa-
bah, Malaysia
UMZC University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge,
U.K.
UNMF Ubonratchathani University Natural History
Museum of Fisheries, Ubonratchathani, Thailand
URM Department of Marine Sciences, University of
the Ryukyus, Japan
USNM National Museum of Natural History, Washing-
ton, USA
UUZM Evolutions-Museet, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsa-
la, Sweden
VUP Vinh University of Pedagogy, Vinh, Vietnam
WAM Western Australian Museum, Perth
WIAP Wistar Institute of Anatomy, Philadelphia, USA
[now at ANSP]
WURC Walailak University Reference Collection, Na-
khon Si Thammarat, Thailand
YCM Yokosuka City Museum, Yokosuka, Japan
YPM Yale University, Peabody Museum, New Haven,
USA
YU School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kun-
ming, China
ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum
Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
ZISP Zoological Institute of the Academy of Scien-
ces, St. Petersburg, Russia
ZIU Zoological Museum, University of Uppsala,
Sweden [now UUZM];
ZMA Zoölogisch Museum, Universiteit van Amster-
dam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands [now in
RMNH]
ZMAU Zoology Museum, Andhra University, Waltair,
Vishakhapatnam, India
ZMB Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany
ZMFMIB Zoologial Museum, Fan Memorial Institute of
Biology, Tsing Hua University, Beijing, China
[now ASIZB]
ZMH Zoologisches Museum und Zoologisches Insti-
tut, Hamburg, Germany
ZMMU Zoological Museum, Moscow State University,
Moscow, Russia
ZMUAS Zoological Museum, Academy of Sciences, Kiev,
Ukraine
ZMUC Zoologisk Museum, København, Denmark
ZMUO Universitetets I Oslo, Zoologisk Museum, Oslo,
Norway
ZMUR Zoological Museum, University of Rangoon,
Myanmar
ZMUU Zoologiska Museet, Uppsala Universitet, Upp-
sala, Sweden [now UUZM]
ZMZ Zoologisches Museum, Zürich, Switzerland
ZRC Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Na-
tional University of Singapore, Singapore
ZSI Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, India
ZSI/CRS Central Regional Station, ZSI, Jabalpur, India
ZSI/NRS Northern Regional Station, ZSI, Dehra Dun, In-
dia
ZSI/SRS Southern Regional Station, ZSI, Madras, India
ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung, München, Germa-
ny
ZUMT Department of Zoology, University Museum,
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
18
Class CHONDRICHTHYES
Order ORECTOLOBIFORMES
Family HEMISCYLLIIDAE
not Indian Ocean as reported by Gmelin]; holotype:
BMNH 1853.11.12.205, Wheeler, 1958: 203)
Squalus tuberculatus Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 137 (ap-
parently based only on Squale dentelé of La Cepède, 1798:
281, pl. 11 fig. 1; type locality: unknown; holotype:
MNHN; ZMB 4443 [2, Paepke & Schmidt, 1988: 162]
unlikely to be types)
Squalus Denticulatus Shaw, 1804b: 351 (based only on
Squale dentelé of La Cepède, 1798: 281, pl. 11 fig. 1;
type locality: unknown; holotype: MNHN; objective jun-
ior synonym of Squalus tuberculatus Bloch, in Schneider,
1801: 137)
Squalus Gronovianus Shaw, 1804b: 353 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Squalus indicus Gmelin, 1789: 1503)
? Squalus Variegatus Blainville, 1816: 121 (nomen nudum)
Squalus Dentatus Blainville, 1816: 121 (nomen nudum)
? Squalus Lambarda Blainville, 1816: 121 (nomen nudum)
Chiloscyllium phymatodes Bleeker, 1852a: 21 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Java: Samarang; holotype [383 mm TL]:
? RMNH 7406 [1 of 2, smaller specimen], Dingerkus &
DeFino, 1983: 22)
Squalus caudatus Gronow, in Gray, 1854: 8 (type locality:
Indian Sea [East Indies; Gronovius, 1763: 34]; holotype:
BMNH 1853.11.12.205, Wheeler, 1958: 203; objective
junior synonym of Squalus indicus Gmelin, 1789: 1503)
Chiloscyllium colax Whitley, 1939a: 228 (available by indi-
cation to Meuschen, 1781: [3], itself based on "n°150",
which is Squalus dentibus acutis of Gronovius, 1763: 34,
n°150; type locality: East Indies [Gronovius, 1763: 34];
holotype: BMNH 1853.11.12.205, Wheeler, 1958: 203;
objective junior synonym of Squalus indicus Gmelin,
1789: 1503)
Taxonomic notes. Often enters freshwater and brackish ar-
eas (Last et al., 2010: 50). Synonymy based on Dingerkus &
DeFino (1983). Squalius colax Meuschen, 1781 treated as
valid by some authors (e.g. Kharin, 1987: 69) is not an avail-
able name.
Chiloscyllium Müller & Henle, 1837
Chiloscyllium Müller & Henle, 1837a: 112 (type species:
Scyllium plagiosum Bennett, 1830: 694, by subsequent
monotypy in Smith, 1838b: 85; also in Müller & Henle,
1837b: 395, 1838a: 17, 1838b: 34). Gender neuter.
Synchismus Gill, 1862a: 407, 408 (type species: Squalus tu-
berculatus Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 137, by original
designation; also in Gill, 1862h: 413). Gender mascu-
line.
Taxonomic notes. Revision by Dingerkus & DeFino (1983).
Nomenclatural notes. The original description of Chiloscyl-
lium (Müller & Henle, 1837a: 112) was in a summary of
their forthcoming monograph on plagiostomes (Müller &
Henle, 1838a: 17). The same text also appeared in Müller &
Henle (1837b: 395) and was translated in English (Müller &
Henle, 1838b: 34), both without included species. The first
mention of a species name in combination with Chiloscyl-
lium is by Smith (1838b: 85) in the proceedings of a meeting
held on 12 September 1837, published on 13 February 1838.
Smith listed various genera, commenting that he had just seen
Müller & Henle's work (obviously 1837a or 1837b); he cited
Chiloscyllium, including a single species (C. plagiosum),
making it type species [Incidentally, the article mentions that
Müller was present at the meeting]. The name was then next
used by Müller & Henle (1838c: 83), without included spe-
cies. In this article they announced that the first parts of 1838a
will still appear the same year. Article 1838c cannot be dated,
but the previous page in the volume (p. 82) mentions a meet-
ing held in London on 5 December 1837.
Chiloscyllium indicum (Gmelin, 1789)
[Squalus] colax Meuschen, 1781: [3] (not available, pub-
lished in a rejected work; ICZN, 1954e: 281, Opinion
261)
Squalus indicus Gmelin, 1789: 1503 (based on Squalus den-
tibus acutis of Gronovius, 1754: 61, n°133, 1763: 34,
n°150; type locality: East Indies [Gronovius, 1763: 34;
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
19
Family STEGOSTOMATIDAE
Taxonomic notes. For phylogeny and classification, see Goto
(2001).
Stegostoma Müller & Henle, 1837
Stegostoma Müller & Henle, 1837a: 112 (type species:
Squalus fasciatus Bloch, 1784b: 19, by original designa-
tion; also in Müller & Henle, 1837b: 395, 1838b: 35).
Gender neuter.
Stegostoma tigrinum (Forster, 1781)
Squalus varius Seba, 1759: 105, pl. 34 fig. 1 (not available,
because binominal nomenclature not used consistently;
also applies to Index)
Squalus tigrinus Forster, 1781: 24, pl. 13 fig. 2 (type locali-
ty: Indian Ocean / Sri Lanka [Singhalese name]; syntypes:
Forster's material and 2 specimens of Seba, 1759: pl. 34
fig. 1)
Squalus fasciatus Hermann, 1783: 302, table (based on Seba,
1759: pl. 34 fig. 1; type locality: no data; lectotype: spec-
imen figured in Seba, 1759: pl. 34 fig. 1, designated by
Fricke, 1999a: 13; spelling Squalo fasciato on p. 302, a
non-nominative declension to be corrected in Squalius
fasciatus (Code art. 11.9.2); mention of Linné, 1767: 401
relates to Chimaera not S. fasciatus)
Squalus tigrinus Broussonet, 1784: 659 (based on Squalus
varius Seba, 1759: 105, pl. 34 fig. 1, Gronovius, 1754:
62, n°136 [itself based on Seba, 1759: 105], Forster, 1781:
24, pl. 13 fig. 2; type locality: "mer des Indes" [sea of the
Indies] / China: "rivière de Canton" [river of Canton];
syntypes: material of Seba and Forster; junior primary
homonym of Squalus tigrinus Forster, 1781: 24)
Squalus fasciatus Bloch, 1784b: 19, pl. 113 (type locality:
India: Tranquebar [Tharangambadi, 11°01'37"N 79°51'E];
syntypes: ZMB 4449 [1, listed as holotype], 7833 [1],
22610 [1], Paepke & Schmidt, 1988: 163; primary junior
homonym of Squalus fasciatus Hermann, 1783: 302); also
Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 130 (locality: "Indian Ocean
at the mouth of Coromandel")
Squalus tygrinus Bonnaterre, 1788: 8, pl. 8 fig. 23 (based on
Bloch, 1787b: 17, Forster, 1781: 24, pl. 13 fig. 2, Brous-
sonet, 1784: 658; type locality: "la mer des Indes"; syn-
types: material on which are based the cited references)
Squalus fasciatus Bonnaterre, 1788: 8 (based on 'galloné of
Broussonet, 1784: 659; type locality: South Africa: Cape
of Good Hope; holotype: BMNH)
Squalus tigrinus Gmelin, 1789: 1493 (based on Forster, 1781:
pl. 13 fig. 2, Squalus fasciatus Bloch, 1784b: 19, pl. 4
[113], Gronovius, 1754: 62, n°136 [ex museo Sebae],
1763: 33, n°147, Seba, 1759: 105, pl. 34 fig. 1, Hermann,
1783: 302, Broussonet, 1784: 658; type locality: Indian
Ocean; syntypes: material of these authors; junior prima-
ry homonym of Squalus tigrinus Forster, 1781: 24)
Squalus longicaudus Gmelin, 1789: 1496 (based on
Gronovius, 1754: 62, n°136 [ex museo Sebae], 1763: 33,
n° 147 and Seba, 1759: 105 n° 1, pl. 34 fig. 1; type local-
ity: no data; syntypes [2]: specimens mentioned by Seba)
Squalus tigrinus Pennant, 1791: 92, pl. 13 fig. 2 (type local-
ity: no data; syntypes [2]: specimens mentioned by Seba,
1759: 105; junior primary homonym of Squalus tigrinus
Forster, 1781: 24)
Squalus zebra Shaw, 1804b: 352 (based on Artedi, 1738,
Seba, 1759: pl. 34 fig. 1, Gmelin, 1789, Bloch, 1784b:
pl. 113, type locality: Indian Seas; syntypes: at least ma-
terial mentioned by Seba [2])
Scyllia Quinquecornuatum van Hasselt, 1823a: 315 [trans-
lated in Alfred, 1961b: 81] (type locality: Indonesia: Java;
syntypes: material of Kuhl & van Hasselt, and Seba, 1759:
pl. 34 fig. 1)
Scyllium heptagonum Rüppell, 1837: 61, pl. 17 fig. 1 (type
locality: Red Sea: Saudi Arabia: Didda [Jeddah]; holo-
type: SMF 3152; lectotype designation by Klausewitz,
1960: 290 is invalid as Rüppell explicitly stated having
seen a single specimen and did not give bibliographic
indication to additional sources)
Stegostoma carinatum Blyth, 1847: 725, pl. 25 fig. 1 (type
locality: India; holotype: ? ZSI)
Squalus pantherinus Bleeker, 1852a: 23 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Squalus cirrosus Gronow, in Gray, 1854: 6 (based on
Gronovius, 1763: 33, n° 147 [itself based on Gronovius,
1754: 62, n°136, itself on Seba], Seba, 1759: pl. 34 fig.
1; type locality: no data; syntypes [2]: specimens men-
tioned by Seba)
Stegostoma varium Garman, 1913: 59 (type locality: India
and East Indies to Africa; syntypes: MCZ 55-S [1, Phil-
ippines: Manila], ? 33437 [1, Mauritius], uncat. [1], Esch-
meyer, 2010, and material on which cited references are
based)
Stegostoma tigrinum naucum Whitley, 1939a: 229, fig. 2
(type locality: Australia: NSW: Hawkesbury River; ho-
lotype: AMS I.4174, Paxton et al., 1989: 92)
Scyllium quinquecarinatum Compagno, 1984: 200 (errone-
ous subsequent spelling of Scyllia quinquecornuatum van
Hasselt, 1823a: 315)
Taxonomic notes. Freshwater record from Philippines by
Herre (1925c: 126). Synonymy adapted from Compagno
(1984: 200). This species is commonly mentioned as Stego-
stoma fasciatum, but the name S. tigrinum has priority. As
the latter has been used after 1899, it cannot be suppressed
under Code art. 23.9.1.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
20
Carcharhinus Blainville, 1816
Carcharhinus Blainville, 1816: 121 (subgenus of Squalus
Linnaeus, 1758: 233; type species: Carcharhias melan-
opterus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 194, designated by
ICZN, 1965: 32 [Opinion 723.2c]; on Official List of
Generic Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1965: 32 [Opinion
723.3a]). Gender masculine.
Carcharias Cuvier, 1816a: 125 (subgenus of Squalus Lin-
naeus, 1758: 233; type species: Squalus carcharias Lin-
naeus, 1758: 235, by absolute tautonymy; junior hom-
onym of Carcharias Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810a: 10; on
Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in
Zoology, ICZN, 1965: 33 [Opinion 723.5c]). Gender
masculine.
Carcharinus Cloquet, 1817: 77 (incorrect subsequent spell-
ing of Carcharhinus Blainville, 1816: 121; on Official
Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoolo-
gy, ICZN, 1965: 33 [Opinion 723.5h])
Carcharias Risso, 1827: 119 (on Official Index of Rejected
and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1965: 33
[Opinion 723.5d])
Carcharias Müller & Henle, 1838a: 27 (on Official Index of
Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology, ICZN,
1965: 33 [Opinion 723.5e])
Aprion Müller & Henle, 1839: 31 (subgenus of Carcharias
Müller & Henle, 1838a: 27; type species: usually listed
as Carcharias isodon Müller & Henle, 1839: 32, by sub-
sequent designation, but designation not researched; three
species originally included; junior homonym of Aprion
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830b: 543, in
Pisces). Gender masculine.
Hypoprion Müller & Henle, 1839: 34 (subgenus of Carchar-
ias Müller & Henle, 1838a: 27; type species: Carcharias
macloti Müller & Henle, 1838b: 34, by subsequent des-
ignation by Gill, 1862a: 401). Gender masculine.
Carcharorhinus Agassiz, 1846: 65 (unjustified emendation
of Carcharhinus Blainville, 1816: 121; on Official Index
of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology, ICZN,
1965: 33 [Opinion 723.5i])
Galeolamna Owen, 1853: 96 (type species: Galeolamna greyi
Owen, 1853: 96, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Aprionodon Gill, 1861a: 59 (type species: Squalus puncta-
tus Mitchill, 1815: 483, by monotypy). Gender mascu-
line.
Hypoprionodon Gill, 1862a: 399, 401 (type species: Car-
charias hemiodon Müller & Henle, 1839: 35, by original
designation; also Gill, 1862h: 409). Gender masculine.
Eulamia Gill, 1862a: 399, 401 (type species: Carcharias
milberti Müller & Henle, 1839: 38, by monotypy [Eu-
lamia lamia Gill, 1862a, listed as type p. 401 is a nomen
nudum]; also Gill, 1862h: 409). Gender feminine.
Platypodon Gill, 1862a: 401 (type species: Carcharias men-
isorrah Müller & Henle, 1839: 46, by original designa-
tion). Gender masculine.
Isoplagiodon Gill, 1862a: 400, 401 (type species: Carchar-
ias sorrah Müller & Henle, 1839: 45, by original desig-
nation; also Gill, 1862h: 410). Gender masculine.
Gymnorrhinus Ehrenberg, in Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899:
pl. 7 (type species: Gymnorrhinus pharaonis Ehrenberg,
in Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899: pl. 7, by present desig-
nation; not a junior homonym of Gymnorhinus Wied,
1841: 22, in Aves). Gender masculine.
Mapolamia Whitley, 1934b: 188 (type species: Carcharhias
melanopterus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 194, by original
designation; junior objective synonym of Carcharhinus
Blainville, 1816: 121). Gender feminine.
Gillisqualus Whitley, 1934b: 189 (type species: Gillisqualus
amblyrhynchoides Whitley, 1934b: 189, by original des-
ignation). Gender masculine.
Galeolamnoides Whitley, 1934b: 191 (type species: Carchar-
ias macrurus Ramsay & Douglas-Ogilby, 1887: 163, by
original designation). Gender masculine.
Ogilamia Whitley, 1939a: 231 (subgenus of Galeolamna
Owen, 1853: 96; type species: Carcharias stevensi Ogil-
by, 1911: 38, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Longmania Whitley, 1939a: 231 (type species: Carcharias
brevipinna Müller & Henle, 1839: 31, by original desig-
nation). Gender feminine.
Uranga Whitley, 1943b: 115 (type species: Uranga nasuta
Whitley, 1943b: 115, by original designation). Gender
feminine.
Uranganops Whitley, 1943b: 117 (subgenus of Galeolamna
Owen, 1853: 96; type species: Galeolamna fitzroyensis
Whitley, 1943b: 117, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Lamnarius Whitley, 1943b: 119 (subgenus of Galeolamna
Owen, 1853: 96; type species: Carcharias spenceri Ogil-
by, 1910a: 3, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Bogimba Whitley, 1943b: 123 (subgenus of Galeolamna
Owen, 1853: 96; type species: Galeolamna bogimba
Whitley, 1943b: 123, by monotypy). Gender neuter.
Pterolamia Springer, 1950: 7 (type species: Squalus longi-
manus Poey, 1861: 338, pl. 19, by original designation;
junior homonym of Pterolamia Breuning, 1942: 128, in
Coleoptera; on Official Index of Rejected and Invalid
Generic Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1965: 33 [Opinion
723.5g])
Pterolamiops Springer, 1951: 244 (replacement name for
Pterolamia Springer, 1950: 7; on Official List of Generic
Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1965: 32 [Opinion 723.3e]).
Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy adapted from Compagno
(1984: 449) and Garrick (1982: 19).
The names Gymnorrhinus pharaonis and G. abbreviatus
Order CARCHARHINIFORMES
Family CARCHARHINIDAE
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
21
appeared on a plate prepared by Ehrenberg but posthumously
published by Carlgren et al. (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899),
with 4 pages of captions for the fish plates by Hilgendorf. In
the captions, Hilgendorf listed the names on the plates and
commented on their identity. Eschmeyer (2010) considered
Ehrenberg's names as published in synonymy. They are avail-
able from the plates, authored by Ehrenberg. The comments
by Hilgendorf, on the additional sheets, even if published
simultaneously, are a different work revising Ehrenberg's
work. As Hilgendorf (1899: 8) listed the names G. pharaonis
and G. abbreviatus in synonymy, they are not available from
the comment pages. Hilgendorf used the spelling
Gymnorhinus, but since the name is not available from
Hilgendorf it is not a simultaneous synonym and homonym
of Gymnorrhinus Ehrenberg. Gymnorhinus also is not an al-
ternative spelling of Gymnorrhinus and there is no need for
a first reviser action. Gymnorrhinus is not a junior homonym
of Gymnorhinus Wied, 1840. Note that the author of
Gymnorhinus is often erroneously cited as "Maxillian [sic],
1840" in ichthyological literature. The author is Wied (1840)
and Maximilian was his first name.
[Gymnorrhinus pharaonis Ehrenberg, in Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899: pl.
7 fig. 1 (type locality: Red Sea; holotype: model of figured specimen,
apparently ZMB 4476, Paepke & Schmidt, 1988: 167)].
[Gymnorrhinus abbreviatus Ehrenberg, in Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899:
pl. 7 fig. 2 (type locality: Red Sea; holotype: model of figured speci-
men, apparently ZMB 4472, Paepke & Schmidt, 1988: 167)].
Carcharhinus hemiodon (Müller & Henle, 1839)
Carcharrias hemiodon Müller & Henle, 1839: 35, pl. 19 (type
locality: India: Pondicherry; lectotype: MNHN 1040,
designated by Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 718 [listed as ho-
lotype by Garrick, 1985: 17])
? Carcharinus watu Setna & Sarangdhar, 1946: 252, fig. 11
(type locality: India: Bombay coast; types: LU)
? Hypoprion atripinnis Chu, 1960: 80, fig. 75 (type locality:
China: South China Sea: Gan Chong; holotype: SFI 54-
157 [text mentions holotype and paratypes; sentence con-
struction implies first listed is holotype]; also in Chu et
al., 1962: 26, fig. 19)
Distribution notes. Recorded from Saigon River up to Thu-
dau-mot (Vietnam) by Tirant (1885a [1929: 61]); this identi-
fication requires confirmation.
Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839)
Carcharias leucas Müller & Henle, 1839: 42 (type locality:
Antilles; syntypes [4]: MNHN A.9650 [1], A.9652 [1],
Compagno, 1984: 478, Garrick, 1982: 91)
Carcharias zambezensis Peters, 1852a: 276 (type locality:
Mozambique: Zambezi River near Tette and Sena, 17°S;
holotype: MZB 4468, Paepke & Schmidt, 1988: 167,
Garrick, 1982: 91; also in Peters, 1868d: 7, pl. 1 fig. 2)
Squalus platyodon Poey, 1860: 336, 1861: pl. 19 figs. 5–6
(type locality: Cuba; holotype: LU)
Squalus obtusus Poey, 1861: 337, pl. 19 figs. 7–8 (type lo-
cality: Cuba; holotype: LU)
Eulamia nicaraguensis Gill, in Gill & Bransford, 1877: 190
(type locality: Nicaragua: Lake Nicaragua; holotype:
USNM 16887)
Carcharias azureus Gilbert & Starks, 1904: 11, pl. 2 fig. 5
(type locality: Panama fish market; holotype [designated
on plate caption]: CAS-SU 11890, Böhlke, 1953: 9, Gar-
rick, 1982: 91)
Carcharias spenceri Ogilby, 1910a: 3 (type locality: eastern
Australia: Brisbane River; holotype: QM [AFAQ 290])
Galeolamna bogimba Whitley, 1943b: 123, fig. 5 (type lo-
cality: Australia: Queensland: Fraser Island, Bogimbah;
holotype: AMS IB.1225, Garrick, 1982: 91)
Galeolamna greyi mckaili Whitley, 1945a: 2 (type locality:
Western Australia: Swan River District; holotype: AMS
IB.508, Garrick, 1982: 91)
Carcharhinus Vanrooyeni Smith, 1958a: 12, 28, figs. (type
locality: South Africa: Natal: St. Lucia; holotype: RUSI
175, Garrick, 1982: 91, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Distribution notes. Inland records in area: Sumatra (Batang
Hari basin; Tan & Lim, 1998: 426), Philippines (Naujan Lake
[Taniuchi, 1979], Laguna de Bay, Argusan and Saug Riv-
ers), Malaysia (Sungai Perak and Sarawak), Vietnam (Dong-
nai) (Compagno & Cook, 1995: 69).
Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
? Squalus carcharias var. minor Forskål, 1775: viii, 20 (not
available, not a scientific name, or at best infrasubspecific)
Carcharias melanopterus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 194, pl.
43, figs. 1–2 (type locality: Indonesia: Waigeo Island;
lectotype: MNHN 1129, designated by Eschmeyer et al.,
1998: 1055 [original description based on a sinle speci-
men from Waigeo and at least specimen figured in La
Cepède, 1798: 169, pl. 8 fig. 1; paralectotypes listed by
Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 1055 have no type status]; on
Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1965:
32 [Opinion 723.4a])
Squalus ustus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 194 (not available,
name listed in synonymy)
Carcharias playfairii Günther, 1870: 362 (type locality: Zan-
zibar; holotype: BMNH 1867.3.9.427, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Carcharias elegans Klunzinger, 1871: 658 (not available,
name listed in synonymy)
Carcharias elegans Ehrenberg, in Hemprich & Ehrenberg,
1899: pl. 4 fig. 2 (type locality: Red Sea; syntypes [2]:
models of the figured specimens, size and sex indica-
tions in caption suggest these could be MZB 4473 [1],
7813 [1], Paepke & Schmidt, 1988: 164)
Carcharias marianensis Engelhardt, 1912: 647 (type locali-
ty:
Mariana Islands: Guam; holotype: ZSM, lost, pers. obs.)
Distribution notes. Reported from freshwater in Perak Riv-
er (H. W. Smith, 1931: 281), Lake Naujan, Philippines (Tani-
uchi, 1979), and lakes and estuaries in Madagascar (Compag-
no, 1984: 489).
Taxonomic notes. See Garrick (1982) for detailed synony-
my. See Gymnorrhinus (under Carcharhinus) for availabili-
ty of Carcharias elegans and names in Ehrenberg & Hemp-
rich (1899).
Nomenclatural notes. Squalius commersonii Blainville,
1816 or 1825 is sometimes listed as a senior synonym of
Carcharhinus melanopterus. Squalus (Carcharhinus) com-
mersonii Blainville, 1816: 121 is a nomen nudum; also, it is
not a latinized name in Blainville, in Vieillot, 1825: 90; Com-
merson's notes and figures are reproduced in Boeseman
(1960: 91, fig. 1).
Carcharinus commersonii is first available from Garman
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
22
(1913: 140) where it is based on 33 bibliographic referenc-
es, representing an unknown number of species; of these
species, the identity of the following ones are known: Car-
charias leucas Müller & Henle, 1839: 42, Squalus longi-
manus Poey, 1861: 338, pl. 19, Carcharhias obtusirostris
Moreau, 1881: 332, fig. 53 [spelt obstusirostris p. 332 and
obtusirostris in Index, first reviser (Eschmeyer et al., 1998:
1217) retained obtusirostris as the correct original spelling],
Carcharhias lamiella Jordan & Gilbert, 1882c: 110, Eulamia
platyrhynchus Gilbert, 1892: 543 (lectotype: USNM 46847,
designated by Rosenblatt & Baldwin, 1958: 151, Howes &
Springer, 1993: 11), Carcharhias insularum Snyder, 1904:
513, pl. 1 fig. 1, Carcharhias nesiotes Snyder, 1904: 514, pl.
1 fig. 2. The designation of the type of one of these species
as lectotype of C. commersonii will definitively clarify the
status of the name. I designate USNM 46847 as lectotype of
C. commersonii Garman, 1913; this specimen is already the
lectotype of Eulamia platyrhynchus and this makes C. com-
mersonii a junior objective synonym of E. platyrhynchus.
[Eulamia platyrhynchus Gilbert, 1892: 543 (type locality: Mexico: Islas
Revillagigedo, Isla Socorro; lectotype: USNM 46847, designated by
Rosenblatt & Baldwin, 1958: 151)].
[Carcharhinus commersonii Garman, 1913: 140 (type locality: Mexico: Is-
las Revillagigedo, Isla Socorro; lectotype: USNM 46847, by present
designation)].
Glyphis Agassiz, 1843
Glyphis Agassiz, 1843 [vol. 3]: 243 (type species: Carcha-
rias glyphis Müller & Henle, 1839: 40, by absolute tau-
tonymy). Gender feminine.
Glyphis fowlerae Compagno, White & Cavanagh, 2010
Glyphis fowlerae Compagno, White & Cavanagh, 2010: 31,
fig. 1 (type locality: Borneo: Sabah: Kinabatangan River
at Kampung Abai, 5°41'10.81"N 118°23'08.35"E; holo-
type: IPMB 38.14.02)
Glyphis siamensis (Steindachner, 1896)
Carcharias siamensis Steindachner, 1896: 229 (type locali-
ty: Burma: mouth of Irrawady River near Rangoon; ho-
lotype: NMW 61379, Roberts, 2007c: 271, fig. 3, Com-
pagno et al., 2008: 222, fig. 13d)
Taxonomic notes. Many records of Glyphis species in South-
east Asia probably refer to Carcharhinus leucas (Compagno
& Cook, 1995: 70). Glyphis siamensis was earlier consid-
ered a synonym of G. gangeticus (see Compagno et al., 2008:
222). When discussing the type locality of C. gangeticus,
Roberts (2007c: 270) considered that the French league (lieue,
not lieu) is about two miles. His data refer to what is called
the 'ancienne lieue de Paris' used before 1674. There were
later two kind of 'lieues', a terrestrial one (= 4.44 km) and a
maritime one (= 5.6 km). In 1800 the lieue was legally de-
fined as 10 km but some marine units remained in use. It is
also possible that Lamare-Picquot [the collector] used older
maps or British maps with other units or equivalents.
[Carcharias gangeticus Müller & Henle, 1839: 39, pl. 13 (type locality:
India: "in Ganges, 60 leagues upriver from the sea near Houghly" [ap-
parently erroneous and possibly "60 lieues" downriver of Calcutta, south
of Kulna; Roberts, 2007c: 273; see Notes]; lectotype: ZMB 4474, des-
ignated by Compagno et al., 2010: 39, fig. 7, Paepke & Schmidt, 1988:
166, pl. 7 fig. D)].
Lamiopsis Gill, 1862
Lamiopsis Gill, 1862a: 399, 401 (type species: Carcharias
temminckii Müller & Henle, 1839: 48, by original desig-
nation; also Gill, 1862h: 410). Gender feminine.
Lamiopsis tephrodes (Fowler, 1905)
Carcharhinus tephrodes Fowler, 1905a: 455, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River; holo-
type: ANSP 91177 [formerly WIAP 2390], Böhlke, 1994:
34)
Carcharhinus microphthalmus Chu, 1960: 84, fig. 78 (type
locality: China: Zhapo; holotype: SFI 0278 [text men-
tions holotype and paratype; sentence construction im-
plies first listed is holotype]; also in Chu et al., 1962: 30,
fig. 24)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows White et al. (2010b:
46). Earlier considered a synonym of L. temminckii. Inland
records from Baram and Lupar Rivers, Borneo.
[Carcharias Temminckii Müller & Henle, 1839: 48, pl. 18 (type locality:
India; lectotype: BMNH 1851.8.16.11, designated by White et al., 2010b:
56, fig. 8)].
Rhizoprionodon Whitley, 1929
Rhizoprion Ogilby, 1915b: 132 (type species Carcharias
crenidens Klunzinger, 1880: 426, by original designa-
tion; junior homonym of Rhizoprion Jourdan, 1861: 959,
in Mammalia). Gender masculine.
Rhizoprionodon Whitley, 1929a: 354 (replacement name for
Rhizoprion Ogilby, 1915b: 132). Gender masculine.
Protozygaena Whitley, 1940a: 110 (type species: Physodon
taylori Ogilby, 1915a: 117, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppell, 1837)
Carcharias acutus Rüppell, 1837: 65, pl. 18, fig. 4 (type lo-
cality: Red Sea: Saudi Arabia: Djidda [Jeddah]; lecto-
type: SMF 2783, designated by Klausewitz, 1960: 292,
pl. 42 fig. 2)
[Carcharias] sorrakowah Cuvier, 1829: 388 (not available,
name not binominal)
? Carcharias fissidens Bennett, 1831: 148 (type locality:
Atlantic coast of North Africa; types: LU])
Carcharias sorrah kowa Bleeker, 1853o: 80 (type locality:
India: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; types: material on
which is based Sorra Kowah of Russell, 1803a: 9, pl. 15;
incorrect original spelling, must be emended to sorra-
kowa, Code art. 32.5.2.2)
Carcharias Walbeehmi Bleeker, 1856a: 353 (type locality:
Indonesia: Bintang: Rio; holotype [453 mm TL]: RMNH
7368 or BMNH 1864.11.28.191, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Carcharias Aronis Klunzinger, 1871: 655 (nomen nudum,
listed in synonymy)
Carcharias albomarginatus Klunzinger, 1871: 655 (nomen
nudum, listed in synonymy)
Carcharias crenidens Klunzinger, 1880: 426, pl. 8 fig. 3 (type
locality: Australia: Queensland: Endeavour Strait, 10°50'S
142°15'E; holotype: SMNS 2449, Fricke, 1992: 7)
Carcharias Aaronis Ehrenberg, in Hemprich & Ehrenberg,
1899: pl. 5 (type locality: not stated ["Red Sea" on plate
applies to an other species]; holotype: model of figured
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
23
specimen, among ZMB 7818 [1], 22614 [1], listed as
syntypes by Paepke & Schmidt, 1988: 164)
Scoliodon longmani Ogilby, 1912: 30 (type locality: Austra-
lia: Queensland: Moreton Bay; holotype: QM I.292)
Scoliodon vagatus Garman, 1913: 116 (type locality: Zanzi-
bar; holotype: MCZ 401-S, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Carcharias eumeces Pietschmann, 1913: 172, pl. 1 (type lo-
cality: Cameroon: Bibundi; holotype: Stadt. Mus. Wies-
baden 931, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Taxonomic notes. Specimens reported by Hora (1924a: 464)
and Smith (1945: 39) from Pattalung River and inner lake of
Thale Sap as Scoliodon walbeehmii (Bleeker, 1856) might
belong to R. acutus or S. macrorhynchos.
Nomenclatural notes. See Gymnorrhinus (under Carchar-
hinus) for availability of Carcharias aaronis and names in
Ehrenberg & Hemprich (1899).
Scoliodon Müller & Henle, 1837
Scoliodon Müller & Henle, 1837a: 114 (type species S. lati-
caudus Müller & Henle, 1838a: 27, by subsequent mono-
typy in Müller & Henle, 1838a: 28 or Bonaparte, 1838b:
210 [p. 10 of reprint]; also in Müller & Henle, 1837b:
397, 1838b: 35). Gender masculine.
Physodon Bonaparte, 1838b: 210 [p. 10 of reprint] (type spe-
cies: Carcharias muelleri Müller & Henle, 1839: 30, by
subsequent monotypy). Gender masculine.
Scoliodon macrorhynchos (Bleeker, 1852)
Carcharias macrorhynchos Bleeker, 1852a: 25, 31, pl. 1 fig. 1
(type locality: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holo-
type [218 mm TL]: LU, not part of RMNH 7369 [2],
White et al., 2010a: 70; also spelt macrorchynchos [p. 31]
and macrorhijnchos [pl.]; first reviser [apparently Esch-
meyer et al., 1998: 982] retained C. macrorhynchos as
correct original spelling)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows White et al. (2010a:
63). Earlier identified as S. laticaudus, which is a species of
the Bay of Bengal and Western Indian Ocean. The species
from the Bay of Bengal (southwards to Thailand) is S. lati-
caudus, S. muelleri or an unnamed species; there are no in-
land records from the Bay of Bengal basin. Inland records
from Saigon, Thu-dau-mot (Vietnam), Tonlé Sap (Cambo-
dia), Perak and Muar Rivers (Malaysia), Barumun, Rokan,
Kampar, Indragiri, Batang Hari and Musi Rivers (Sumatra).
The species reported by Hora (1924a: 464) and Smith (1945:
39) from Pattalung River and Thale Sap as Scoliodon wal-
beehmi (Bleeker, 1856) might be S. macrorhynchos or
Rhizoprionodon acutus.
[Scoliodon laticaudus Müller & Henle, 1838a: 27 (type locality: "India";
holotype: ZMB 7830, Paepke & Schmidt, 1988: 168; lectotype desig-
nation by Springer, 1964: 579 not valid, see Paepke & Schmidt, 1988:
168)].
[Carcharias laticaudus Müller & Henle, 1839: 27, pl. 8 [not equal to previ-
ous account; a replacement text for Müller & Henle, 1838a: 27–28; see
Paepke & Schmidt, 1988: 168] (type locality: India: Bombay; lectotype
MNHN 1123, designated by Springer, 1964: 579)].
[Carcharias Mülleri Müller & Henle, 1839: 30, pl. 19 (type locality: India:
Bengal; holotype: MNHN 1041, Bertin, 1939: 69, White et al., 2010b:
fig. 7b; incorrect original spelling, must be emended to muelleri, Code
art. 32.5.2.1)].
Anoxypristis White & Moy-Thomas, 1941
Oxypristis Hoffmann, 1912: 334 (type species: Pristis cus-
pidatus Latham, 1794: 279, by monotypy; junior hom-
onym of Oxypristis Signoret, 1860: 937, in Hemiptera).
Gender feminine.
Anoxypristis White & Moy-Thomas, 1941: 397 (replacement
name for Oxypristis Hoffmann, 1912: 334). Gender fem-
inine.
Anoxypristis cuspidata (Latham, 1794)
Pristis cuspidatus Latham, 1794: 279, pl. 26 fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: unknown; syntypes [2]: NT [MNHN 1250, listed
as neotype by Séret & McEachran, 1986: 9, Eschmeyer,
2010, has no type status as the mentioned designation
has never been publised and as information in Séret &
McEchran, and Eschmeyer, do not satisfy conditions of
Code art. 75.3])
Distribution notes. Record from fresh waters in area by
Smith (1945: 40) cannot be checked as details are lacking.
The specimen was collected in Tachin River (Thailand [Samut
Sakhon Province: Tha Chin]; 13°30'N 100°17'E]) and mea-
sured 8 m, the saw was 2.5 m long and 40 cm wide at the
base. The 5 specimens reported from the Indragiri River at
Rengat, Sumatra, by Taniuchi (1979) are likely Pristis mi-
crodon. Monkolprasit (1984: 83) reported the species as en-
tering rivers, without further details.
Pristis Linck, 1790
Pristis Linck, 1790: 31 (type species: Squalus pristis Lin-
naeus, 1758: 235, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Pristis Latham, 1794: 276 (type species: Squalus pristis Lin-
naeus, 1758: 235, by absolute tautonymy; junior hom-
onym of Pristis Linck, 1790: 31). Gender feminine.
Pristobatus Blainville, 1816: 121 (subgenus of Raja Lin-
naeus, 1758: 231; type species: Pistis antiquorum Latham,
1794: 277, by subsequent designation by Jordan & Ever-
mann, 1896b: 60). Gender masculine.
Pristobatys Blainville, 1818: 385 (incorrect subsequent spell-
ing of Pristobatus Blainville, 1816: 121)
Order PRISTIFORMES
Family PRISTIDAE
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
24
Pristibatis Blainville, in Vieillot, 1825: 49 (incorrect subse-
quent spelling of Pristobatus Blainville, 1816: 121)
Pristiopsis Fowler, 1905a: 459 (subgenus of Pristis Linck,
1790: 31; type species: Pristis perotteti Müller & Henle,
1841: 108, by original designation). Gender feminine.
Pristis microdon Latham, 1794
Pristis microdon Latham, 1794: 280, pl. 26 fig. 4 (type lo-
cality: not stated; holotype: LU)
? Pristis perotteti Müller & Henle, 1841: 108, 192 (type lo-
cality: Sénégal: Sénégal River in freshwater; holotype:
MNHN, lost, Séret & McEachran, 1986: 36)
Pristiopsis leichhardti Whitley, 1945b: 44, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Australia: Queensland: Lynd River; syntypes: LU,
Paxton et al., 1989: 58)
Taxonomic notes. Tirant (1885b [1929: 71]) recorded P. perotteti
,
P. zijsron and P. cuspidatus from Cochinchina and Cambo-
dia, but without detailed locality data. He stated that all spe-
cies of sawfishes enter rivers and that they had been seen in
freshwater in Tanan, Chaudoc and Phnom-Penh.
According to Last & Stevens (1994: 364), P. microdon is
the only species of Pristidae recorded from freshwaters in
Southeast Asia. There are occasional records of P. clavata in
lower courses of Australian rivers. It is expected to occur in
Southeast Asia. Pristis perotteti is sometimes considered as
synonym of P. microdon but is possibly a distinct species.
Pristiopsis leichhardti is considered as synonym of
P. microdon by Last & Stevens (1994: 365) and of P. clavata
by Hoese et al. (2006: 171).
[Pristis clavata Garman, 1906: 208 (type locality: Australia: Queensland;
holotype: MCZ 733)]
Pristis pectinata Latham, 1794
Pristis pectinatus Latham, 1794: 278, pl. 26 fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: not stated [localities of material in cited referenc-
es]; syntypes: specimens in cited literature records)
Pristis granulosa Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 352 (based on
Pez de Espada of Parra, 1787: 75, fig. 33; type locality:
Cuba; types: material of Parra, 1787)
Pristis serra Schneider, 1801: pl. 70 [upper] (listed as Pris-
tis pectinata pl. 70 fig. 1 on p. 351; type locality: not
stated; syntypes: material of P. pectinata of Latham, 1794:
278 and one specimen of Bloch)
Pristis megalodon Duméril, 1865: 476, pl. 9 fig. 4 (type lo-
cality: Guyane Française: Cayenne [footnote]; holotype:
MNHN 3484, Séret & McEachran, 1986: 9)
Pristis acutirostris Duméril, 1865: 479 (type locality: Antilles;
holotype: MNHN A.9476, Séret & McEachran, 1986: 9)
Pristobatus occa Duméril, 1865: 479 (type locality: unknown;
holotype: ? MNHN)
? Pristes Woermanni Fischer, 1884a: 39 (type locality: Cam-
eroon; holotype: ZMH 6278, Wilkens & Dohse, 1993:
410)
Pristis annandalei Chaudhuri, 1908b: 391, fig. (type locali-
ty: Burma coast: Elephant Point; holotype: ZSI)
Pristis zijsron Bleeker, 1851
Pristis zijsron Bleeker, 1851p: 442 (type locality: Indonesia:
Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; holotype
[a 390 mm rostrum]: RMNH D.7418, van Oijen et al.,
2007: 37, fig. 2; also in Bleeker, 1852a: 55)
Pristis dubia Bleeker, 1852a: 56, pl. 4 fig. 11 (type locality:
not stated [Indonesia: possibly Java]; holotype: RMNH
34134 [caudal fin only; earlier part of RMNH D.7418],
van Oijen et al., 2007: 37, figs. 1, 3, Séret & McEachran,
1986: 36; spelt dubius on p. 56, dubia on pl. 4, correct
spelling is dubia)
Pristis leptodon Duméril, 1865: 480 (type locality: Red Sea;
syntypes [2]: MNHN 3485 [1], 3486 [1], Séret &
McEachran, 1986: 9)
Distribution notes. The freshwater record from Banjarma-
sin by Bleeker (1852o: 442, 1854c: 460) is based on a spec-
imen of P. microdon (van Oijen et al., 2007: 42, fig. 4). The
habitat of the holotype of P. zijsron (also from Banjarmasin)
is not known. Inland records in Labuk and Kinabatangan
Rivers (Borneo) (Last et al., 2010: 145).
Order RAJIFORMES
Family RHINOBATIDAE
Glaucostegus Bonaparte, 1846
Glaucostegus Bonaparte, 1846: 14 (type species: Rhina ce-
miculus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817: pl. 27 fig. 3, by
subsequent designation, apparently by Jordan & Ever-
mann, 1896: 61 [Jordan & Evermann designated R. rhi-
nobatus as type; the species is listed by Bonaparte as
"Glaucostegus cemiculus, Bp. (Raja rhinobatus, Shaw.
Rh. cemiculus, Geoffr.)"; the type species is not Raja rhi-
nobatos Linnaeus, 1758: 232 but the species misidenti-
fied as Rhina rhinobatus by Shaw [possibly Shaw, 1804b:
317], that is R. cemiculus, as selected by Jordan & Ever-
mann, Code art. 701.3.2). Gender masculine.
Glaucostegus typus (Bennett, 1830)
Rhinobatus typus Bennett, 1830: 694 (available by indica-
tion to Rhinobatus rhinobatus of Bloch, in Schneider,
1801: 353; type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra / India: Coro-
mandel coast [Bloch's material] and localities of material
citeed in references listed by Bloch; syntype: BMNH
1852.8.30.17, ZMB)
Rhinobatus armatus Gray, 1834: vol. 2 pl. 99 (type locality:
India; holotype: BMNH 1953.8.10.11, Eschmeyer, 2011)
Rhinobatos batillum Whitley, 1939a: 245, fig. 13 (type lo-
cality: Western Australia: Shark Bay / Queensland: North-
west Islet; syntypes [2]: LU)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
25
Several species are included in the type series (including the
types of Raja rhinobatos Linnaeus, 1758: 232) belonging to
different genera. A lectotype designation is needed to fix the
usage of the name. BMNH 1852.8.30.17 (Bennett's speci-
men) is not the holotype but a syntype. It is probably the best
quandidate as lectotype.
Taxonomic notes. Reported to live and breed in freshwater
(Last & Stevens, 1994: 291). Rhinobatus typus is available
by indication to R. rhinobatus of Bloch (in Schneider, 1801:
353). The type series includes the specimen available to Ben-
nett (1830: 694), 5 specimen available to Bloch and the spec-
imens on which are based the literature sources of Bloch.
Order MYLIOBATIFORMES
Family DASYATIDIDAE
Nomenclatural notes. See Steyskal (1980: 171) for correct
spelling of the family-group name. Dasyatidae is an incor-
rect spelling.
Dasyatis Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810
Dasybatus Klein, 1775: 991 (not available, work not using
binominal system), Klein, in Walbaum, 1792: 581 (not
available, ICZN, 1910b: 51 [Opinion 21], 1926b: 94
[Opinion 21])
Dasyatis Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810a: 16 (type species:
Dasyatis ujo Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810a: 16, by mono-
typy; also in Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810b: 49, which
appeared later). Gender feminine.
Uroxis Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810b: 48, 61 (type species:
Dasyatis ujo Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810a: 16, by mono-
typy; junior objective synonym of Dasyatis Rafinesque-
Schmaltz, 1810a: 16). Gender masculine.
Trygonobatus Blainville, 1816 [July]: 112 (subgenus of Raja
Linnaeus, 1758: 231; type species: Raja pastinaca Lin-
naeus, 1758: 232, by subsequent designation by Lesson,
1830: 374 [see Notes]). Gender masculine.
Trygon Cuvier, 1816a [Nov]: 136 (type species: Raja pasti-
naca Linnaeus, 1758: 232, by subsequent designation by
Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828a: 99). Gender feminine.
Hypanus Rafinesque, 1818: 272 (type species: Raja say Le
Sueur, 1817a: 42, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Trygonobatis Blainville, 1825: 35 (incorrect subsequent spell-
ing of Trygonobatus Blainville, 1816: 112)
Anacanthe Cuvier, 1829: 400 (not available, not latinized;
spelling Anacanthus not used by Cuvier)
Hemitrygon Müller & Henle, 1838b: 90 [Feb.] (subgenus of
Trygon Cuvier, 1816a: 136; type species: Trygon bennet-
tii Müller & Henle, 1841: 160, apparently by subsequent
designation by Jordan & Evermann, 1896b: 82 [two spe-
cies originally included, but unnamed; designation not
by subsequent monotypy in Müller & Henle, 1841: 160,
since Hemitrygon is mentioned nowhere in this work];
also in Müller & Henle, 1838c: 85 [no date], Bonaparte,
1838b: 203). Gender feminine.
Dasybatus Jordan & Gilbert, 1881: 35 (type species: Dasy-
batis dipterurus Jordan & Gilbert, 1880: 31, by monotypy;
junior homonym of Dasybatus Blainville, 1816: 112 and
Dasybatus Bonaparte, 1838b: 203 [p.7 of reprint] in
Rajidae). Gender masculine.
Dasybatus Garman, 1885: 221 (not a new name; Garman
referred to Dasybatus Jordan & Gilbert, 1881: 35; if rec-
ognised as valid, then type species cannot be by monoty-
py since Garman included 34 species, and it would be a
junior homonym of Dasybatus Blainville, 1816: 112,
Dasybatus Bonaparte, 1838b: 203 in Rajidae and Dasyba-
tus Jordan & Gilbert, 1881: 35)
? Brachioptera Gratzianov, 1906: 400 (type species: Bra-
chioptera rhinoceros Gratzianov, 1906: 401, by monoty-
py). Gender feminine.
Amphotistius Garman, 1913: 375, 392 (subgenus of Dasyba-
tus Jordan & Gilbert, 1881: 35; type species: Trygon sa-
bina Lesueur, 1824: 109, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Toshia Whitley, 1933: 60 (type species: Dasyatis fluviorum
Ogilby, 1908c: 6, by original designation). Gender femi-
nine.
Bathytoshia Whitley, 1933: 61 (type species: Dasyatis theti-
dis Ogilby, in Waite, 1899: 46, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Urolophoides Lindberg, in Soldatov & Lindberg, 1930: 24
(type species: Urolophoides giganteus Lindberg, 1930:
26, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. Whitley (1935c: 137) considered that
Lesson (1830: 374) designated Raja pastinaca as type spe-
cies of Trygonobatus. Under the entry "Trigonobate", Les-
son stated "the type of this genus is the pastenague, described
vol. 14 p. 448 of this dictionary", but he did not mention an
available name. This could be acceptable as a type designa-
tion if the 'pastenague' was linked to an available name. In-
deed, in the text on "Raie" (ray, singular) authored by Bory
de Saint-Vincent (1828b), there is (p. 8) a subheading "pas-
tenagues" (stingrays; plural) of the entry "
Raie" (ray; singu-
lar). There, Bory de Saint-Vin
cent listed "the most common spe-
cies is Raja pastinaca" and "the other pastenagues" (17 avail-
able names). In the writing style of the early 1800s it was
common sense that "the most common species" of pastenague
mentioned in 1828 (p. 448) is the one intended as "the pas-
tenague" in 1830 (p. 374). In vol. 13 of the same dictionary,
there is an entry "Pastenague" (singular), authored by Bory
de Saint-Vincent (1828a: 99): "Species of the genus Raie,
Raia Pastinaca L. [...]. See Raie". It is arguable whether this
should be accepted as a type species designation under present
formal standards, but with the logic of the time and internal
consistency of this dictionary, I accept it as valid.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
26
Dasyatis laosensis Roberts & Karnasuta, 1987
Dasyatis laosensis Roberts & Karnasuta, 1987: 162, fig. 1
(type locality: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Mekong
River in Chiang Kham District; holotype: BMNH
1985.9.26.1)
Dasyatis microps (Annandale, 1908)
Trygon microps Annandale, 1908: 393, pl. 27 (type locality:
Bangladesh: Bay of Bengal, off Chittagong coast; holo-
type: ZSI F2410/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 97)
Distribution notes. Recorded from "estuaries, river mouths"
by White et al. (2006: 226).
Himantura Müller & Henle, 1837
Himantura Müller & Henle, 1837a: 117 (type species: Raja
uarnak Gmelin, 1789: 1509 [not available from Forskål,
1775: viii, 18, where mentioned only as vernacular name],
by subsequent designation by Jordan & Evermann, 1896b:
82; no species originally included, first inclusion appar-
ently by Duméril, 1865: 583 [Himantura nova sp. in
Bonaparte, 1838b: 202 is not an included name but re-
fers to an unnamed species of Müller & Henle]; also in
Müller & Henle
, 1837b: 400, 1838: 90).
Gender feminine.
Pastinaca Swainson, 1838: 172 (unnecessary replacement
name for Himantura Müller & Henle, 1837a: 117). Gen-
der feminine.
Himantura bleekeri (Blyth, 1860)
Trygon Bleekeri Blyth, 1860a: 41 (type locality: India: Cal-
cutta fish bazars; syntypes [2]: BMNH 1892.6.17.15 [1],
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Distribution notes. Record from outer lake of Thale Sap at
Singgora (Thailand) by Hora (1924a); identification needs
confirmation. The specimen illustrated by Smith (1945: pl. 1)
as H. bleekeri is H. oxyrhynchus.
Himantura granulata (Macleay, 1883)
Trygon granulata Macleay, 1883: 598 (type locality: Papua
New Guinea: Port Moresby; holotype: AMS I.9763, Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Trygon ponapensis Günther, 1910: 493, pl. 180 (type local-
ity: Caroline Islands: Ponape, Kubary; holotype: BMNH
1879.5.22.105, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Distribution notes. Recorded from "mangroves and estuar-
ies" by White et al. (2006: 242).
Himantura imbricata (Schneider, 1801)
Raja imbricata Schneider, 1801: 366 (type locality: India:
Coromandel coast; holotype: ZMB 7585, Paepke &
Schmidt, 1988: 177)
Raja obtusa Ehrenberg, in Klunzinger, 1871: 680 (not avail-
able, name listed in synonymy; locality: Red Sea)
Distribution notes. Freshwater record from Vietnam (Saigon
and Thu-dau-mot) [as Trygon walga] by Tirant (1885b [1929:
77]), from Cambodia (Grand Lac) by Chevey (1936: 42) and
Kottelat (1985a: 254) cannot be checked and probably part-
ly refer to H. polylepis or H. imbricata. Record from Sikao
estuary (Trang, Thailand) (Tongnunui et al., 2012a–b) but
not clear if inland or in sea.
[Trygon Walga Müller & Henle, 1841: 159, pl. 51 (type locality: Red Sea /
India: Ganges delta; syntypes [10]: MNHN 2337 [1], 2431 [1], MNHN
[4], BMNH [1], RMNH [3], Dor, 1984: 17, Séret & McEachran, 1986:
20, Eschmeyer, 2010)].
Himantura kittipongi Vidthayanon & Roberts, 2006
Himantura kittipongi Vidthayanon & Roberts, 2006: 124,
figs. 2–4 (type locality: Thailand: Maekhlong near Kan-
chanaburi; holotype: ZRC 50381)
Himantura oxyrhynchus (Sauvage, 1878)
Trygon oxyrhynchus Sauvage, 1878a: 91 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Saïgon; holotype: MNHN 9639, Séret &
McEachran, 1986: 19, Kottelat, 1984a: 794, Deynat &
Fermon, 2001: 162; compound noun, indeclinable [not
adjective because it did not agree in gender in original
description])
Dasybatus Krempfi Chabanaud, 1923a: 47, fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: Cambodia: Phnom Penh; syntypes: MNHN 1922-
0077–0079 [3], Séret & McEachran, 1986: 18)
Himantura polylepis (Bleeker, 1852)
Trygon polylepis Bleeker, 1852a: 73 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta], in sea; holotype [male, 310
mm
disk width]: RMNH 7452, Last & Manjaji-Matsumoto,
2008: 286, fig. 2b)
Himantura chaophraya Monkolprasit & Roberts, 1990: 204,
fig. 1 (type locality: Thailand: Chao Phraya at Ayutthaya;
holotype: KUMF 2998)
Distribution notes. First record of a Mekong stingray ("up
to 1.5 m") by Aymonier (1885: 83) from "Moun" at "Oubon"
[Mun River at Ubon Ratchatani, Thailand] and by Tirant
(1885a [1929: 76]); the size suggests it was probably H. poly-
lepis.
Taxonomic notes. Eschmeyer (2010) retained H. chaophraya
as valid instead of H. polylepis on the ground of prevailing
usage. This has no nomenclatural validity as this is not pub-
lished on paper. Also, reversal of precedence is only possi-
ble under Code art. 23.9.2, whose conditions are not met.
Further, prevailing usage cannot be invoked for a name first
proposed in 1990 and whose validity was already dubious in
1994 (Last & Stevens, 1994: 399; Kottelat, 1998a: 20).
Himantura signifer Compagno & Roberts, 1982
Himantura signifer Compagno & Roberts, 1982: 333, fig. 4
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat:
mouth of Sungai Ketunggau near mainstream of Kapuas
River; holotype: MZB 3004; signifer proposed as a noun,
indeclinable)
Himantura uarnak (Gmelin, 1789)
Raja sephen uarnak Forskål, 1775: viii, 18 (not available,
uarnak mentioned as vernacular name)
? Raja omm es scherit Forskål, 1775: ix (type locality: Red
Sea; types: NT; incorrect original spelling, must be
emended to ommesscherit, Code 32.5.2.2]; here declared a
nomen oblitum under Code art. 23.9.2, as it has not been
used as a valid name since 1899 [Code art. 23.9.1.1], and
Raja uarnak Gmelin, 1789: 1509 has been used in at least
25 works in the last 50 years [Code art. 23.9.1.2])
? Raja schoukie Forskål, 1775: ix (type locality: Red Sea:
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
27
Saudi Arabia: Djidda [Jeddah] / Sudan: Suaken; syntypes:
NT; here declared a nomen oblitum under Code art. 23.9.2,
as it has not been used as a valid name since 1899 [Code
art. 23.9.1.1], and Raja uarnak Gmelin, 1789: 1509 has
been used in at least 25 works in the last 50 years [Code
art. 23.9.1.2]; if considered not available from Forskål,
then available from Bonnaterre, 1788: 6 as R. schoukia,
and also declared a nomen oblitum for same reasons)
Raia Scherit Bonnaterre, 1788: 6 (based on Raja ommes-
scherit Forskål, 1775: ix; type locality: Red Sea; types:
NT; here declared a nomen oblitum under Code art. 23.9.2,
as it has not been used as a valid name since 1899 [Code
art. 23.9.1.1], and Raja uarnak Gmelin, 1789: 1509 has
been used in at least 25 works in the last 50 years [Code
art. 23.9.1.2])
Raja Uárnak Gmelin, 1789: 1509 (type locality: "all Euro-
pean Seas, Red Sea and Indian Sea"; syntypes: LU, in-
cludes material of Forskål, 1775: 18 [lost] and must have
included other sources; here declared a nomen protectum
under Code art. 23.9.2, used in at least 25 works in the
last 50 years, listed under Nomenclatural notes [Code art.
23.9.1.2])
Raja Uàrnak Walbaum, 1792: 534 (type locality: Red Sea;
types: NT, material of Forskål, 1775: 18; spelt uarnata
p. 713, as first reviser I select uarnak as the correct orig-
inal spelling; a junior homonym of Raja uarnak Gmelin,
1789: 1509)
Trygon variegatus M'Clelland, 1841a: 60, pl. 2 fig. 2 (type
locality: India: Salt-Water Lake, near Calcutta; syntypes:
LU)
Trygon maculata Bleeker, 1852a: 70 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
? Trygon Ellioti Blyth, 1860a: 41 (type locality: India: Cal-
cutta market; syntypes [at least 5]: ? ZSI)
? Trygon punctata Günther, 1870: 474 (type locality: East
Indian archipelago; holotype: BMNH 1953.8.10.15)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy modified from Compagno &
Robert (1982: 324). Compagno & Roberts (1982) could not
find direct evidence of the presence of H. uarnak in fresh-
water. It was first recorded from freshwaters in Vietnam by
Tirant (1885a [1929: 77]) as the stingray reaching fartest
upriver (as he indicated that H. walga was fished at Thu-
dau-mot, this means he observed his H. uarnak upstream of
Thu-dau-mot). This identifications needs confirmation; it
possibly refers to H. oxyrhynchus. H. W. Smith (1931: 282)
reported H. uarnak from Telok Anson, Perak River (Malay-
sia) and this may refer to H. imbricata.
Nomenclatural notes. Raja uarnak is not an available name
from Forskål (1775) as it is clearly listed as a vernacular
name for a variety, as opposed to the name of a species (spe-
cies names are numbered in the Conspectus and are clearly
binominal). The name R. uarnak is first available from Gmelin
(1789). If the synonymy of Compagno & Roberts (1982) is
correct, then two names created by Forskål (1775) (Raja
ommesscherit, Raja schoukie) and Raia scherit Bonnaterre,
1788 are senior synonyms of Raja uarnak Gmelin, 1789. As
they have apparently not been used since Walbaum (1792)
and Schneider (1801), R. uarnak Gmelin, 1789 can be de-
clared a nomen protectum under Code art. 23.9.2, but both
ommesscherit and schoukie can still be individually revived
if thought to be distinct species. The designation of a com-
mon neotype for the five names and an older synonym or
H. uarnak would definitively eliminate them from the no-
menclature. Raja arnak, R. tajara and R. mula also listed as
synonyms of H. uarnak by Compagno & Roberts are syn-
onyms of other species (Fricke, 2008: 11, 13).
List of 25 works in which Raja uarnak Gmelin, 1789:
1509 is used as a valid name, published by at least 10 au-
thors, in the immediately preceeding 50 years and encom-
passing a span of not less than 10 years (Code art. 23.9.2):
(1) Allen & Erdmann, 2012: 64; (2) Carpenter & Niem, 1999:
1491; (3) Compagno & Roberts, 1984: 4; (4) De Bruin et al.,
1994: 87; (5) Deynat & Fermon, 2001: 161; (6) Dor, 1964:
18; (7) Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola, 1984: 38; (8) Hutchins,
2001: 15; (9) Jones & Kumaran, 1980: 31; (10) Kuiter &
Debelius, 1994: 28; (11) Larson & Williams, 1997: 346;
(12) Last & Stevens, 1999: 408; (13) Masuda et al., 1984:
16; (14) Munro, 1967: 15; (15) Myers, 1999: 38; (16) Naka-
bo, 1993: 144; (17) Paxton et al., 1989: 42; (18) Randall,
1995: 46; (9) (19) Randall & Lim, 2000: 583; (20) Sains-
bury et al., 1985: 50; (21) Shen, 1993: 84; (22) Smith &
Heemstra, 1986: 139; (23) Talwar & Jhingran, 1991: 46;
(24) van der Elst, 1981: 46; (25) Whitehead et al., 1984: 201.
Pastinachus Rüppell, 1829
Pastinachus Rüppell, 1829a: 51 (subgenus of Trygon Cu-
vier, 1816a: 136; type species: Raja sephen Forskål, 1775:
viii, 17, by subsequent designation by Garman, 1913:
375). Gender masculine.
Hypolophus Müller & Henle, 1837a: 117 (type species: Raja
sephen Forskål, 1775: viii, 17, by subsequent designa-
tion by Bonaparte, 1838b: 202 [p. 6 of reprint]; no spe-
cies originally included, first inclusion by Bonaparte,
1838b: 202 [p. 6 of reprint]; also in Müller & Henle,
1837b: 400, 1838b: 90; junior objective synonym of Pas-
tinachus Rüppell, 1829a: 51). Gender masculine.
Makararaja Roberts, 2007b: 286 (type species: Makararaja
chindwinensis Roberts, 2007b: 286, by original designa-
tion). Gender feminine.
Pastinachus chindwinensis (Roberts, 2007)
Makararaja chindwinensis Roberts, 2007b: 286, fig. 3 (type
locality: Myanmar: Chindwin River about 20 km down-
stream from Khamti; holotype: ZRC 50566)
Pastinachus ater (Macleay, 1883)
Taeniura atra Macleay, 1883a: 598 (type locality: Papua New
Guinea [Port Moresby district; Eschmeyer, 2010]; holo-
type: AMS I.9762, Last et al., 2005: 15)
Taxonomic notes. Valid, following Last et al. (2010: 222; as
P. atrus).
Nomenclatural notes. Atra is the feminine of the adjective
ater; as Pastinachus is a masculine word, the correct spell-
ing is ater.
Pastinachus sephen (Forskål, 1775)
Raja sephen Forskål, 1775: viii, 17 (type locality: Red Sea:
Saudi Arabia: Djidda [Jeddah] / Yemen: Lohaja [Al Lu-
hayyah]; types: lost, Klausewitz & Nielsen, 1965: 12)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
28
Raia sancur Hamilton, 1822: 2, 361 (type locality: India:
estuaries of the Ganges in fresh and salt water; types:
NT; Hamilton's unpublished drawing reproduced in Hora,
1929a: pl. 13 figs. 1–2, but its identity is doubted by
Roberts, 1998a)
Raia fluviatilis Hamilton, 1822: 1 (type locality: India: Kan-
pur, Patna; types: NT; available because of the statement
under Raia sancur Hamilton, 1822: 2 "except in wanting
the prickel on the tail, it has a strong resemblance to the
first species", and also by characters in Index methodi-
cus, p. 361, which refer to present species as "Raia Lym-
na ?"; simultaneous subjective synonym of Raia sancur
Hamilton, 1822: 2, first reviser [Roberts, 1998a: 275] gave
precedence to R. sancur)
Trigon Forskålii Rüppell, 1829a: 53, pl. 13 fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: Red Sea; lectotype: SMF 2538, designated by
Klausewitz, 1960: 294, pl. 43 fig. 4, Last et al., 2005: 14)
Dasybatus Gruveli Chabanaud, 1923a: 45, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Gulf of Thailand; holotype: MNHN 1922-0076, Séret
& McEachran, 1986: 18, Last et al., 2005: 15)
Taxonomic notes. A number of the records of P. sephen in
inland waters in the area may refer to other species. The fig-
ure of a freshwater specimen from Sumatra in Taniuchi, 1979:
274 (reproduced in Kottelat et al., 1993: pl. 3) shows P. stel-
lurostris.
Pastinachus stellurostris Last, Fahmi & Naylor, 2010
Pastinachus stellurostris Last, Fahmi & Naylor, 2010: 131,
figs. 1–2 (type locality: Borneo: Indonesia: Kalimantan
Barat: Sungai Pinyuh fish market, caught near Pemangkat,
about 1°10'N 108°58'E; holotype: MZB 18226)
Family POTAMOTRYGONIDAE
Potamotrygon Garman, 1877
Potamotrygon Garman, 1877: 210 (type species: Pastinaca
humboldtii Roulin, in [Lesson], 1829b: 465, by subse-
quent designation by Eigenmann, 1910: 378). Gender
feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. The type species of Potamotrygon is
usually listed as "Trygon hystrix Müller & Henle, 1841, by
subsequent designation by Jordan, 1919b: 389" (e.g. Esch-
meyer, 2010). This includes quite a number of errors. First,
T. hystrix is not available from Müller & Henle, 1841: 167
but from the caption of plate 13 in d'Orbigny (1836; see pub-
lication date in Sherborn & Griffin, 1934: 131). The spelling
used on the plate is T. histrix, which thus is the correct orig-
inal spelling. On the plate, the authorship of the name is in-
dicated as Müller & Henle, but they have no responsibility
for the conditions making the name available and therefore
are not authors. Valenciennes is sometimes listed as author
of the fish part in d'Orbigny's work. He is effectively the
author of the 1847 text on fishes collected by d'Orbigny, but
it is not clear whether he was involved with the labelling of
the plates. D'Orbigny published a series of volumes report-
ing on his travel to South America. The work was intended
to include sections on different animal groups. Text and plates
were issued as livraisons and were distributed as they were
ready, not in the sequence planned for the work. For exam-
ple, in volume 5, the extensive texts on molluscs, zoophytes
and foraminifera (which make parts 3, 4 and 5, respectively)
were published in several livraisons over the years 1835–1846.
Plates prepared for a fish chapter were published in 1834–
39 (Sherborn & Griffin, 1934). A text had been planned to
accompany all the plates. Plates were distributed for reptiles
and fishes, but by 1847 no text had been published. For rea-
sons I did not research (probably there were no funds for
publishing more livraisons, or the number of pages had been
fixed at the beginning), the series had to be terminated and
abbreviated texts were issued for reptiles and fishes. Rep-
tiles were to be described by Bibron, but his health did not
permit him to write the text. A note was published by
d'Orbigny himself (1847: 5), dated 25 June 1847; he com-
mented that the lack of time and space forced him to be very
concise. He stated (p. 12) that the reptile plates 7–12 would
not be published. D'Orbigny also mentioned that the reptile
plates had been labelled by Bibron.
Valenciennes (1847) published a list of the fish species
figured on the plates, with short comments. The introduction
started with "the need to publish very succinctly the last sheets
of the Voyage of Mr. d'Orbigny forced me to give only a
simple catalogue", and referred to descriptions that had al-
ready been published in the various volumes of Cuvier &
Valenciennes' Histoire naturelle des poissons. In the text,
Valenciennes (1847) used the spelling T. hystrix and com-
mented that the species had been described by Müller & Henle
(in 1841).
There is no information as to who labelled the fish plates,
but as many of the species on the plates had been named and
described by Valenciennes, it seems he was involved. There
is no indication that Müller & Henle had any responsibility
for the labelling of the plate. They identified and described
the specimen in their then-unpublished work and Valencien-
nes used the name. Müller & Henle (1841: 167) did not in-
clude the plate in their bibliographic references, which sug-
gests they were not aware of it. Valenciennes (in d'Orbigny),
or d'Orbigny, is author of T. histrix.
In any case, the earliest type-species designation for Pot-
amotrygon seems to be by Eigenmann (1910: 378) who des-
ignated Pastinaca humboldtii Roulin, in Lesson, 1829, as
type species. The first description of P. humboldtii, by Rou-
lin (1829), did not use a latinized name and the name is not
available. A review of Roulin's paper appeared in Férussac's
Bulletin Universel, in which the latinized P. humboldtii is
used. The review is signed "L.", which apparently was Les-
son (one of the zoology editor of this journal). Given that all
the data are extracted from Roulin (1829), authorship is in-
dicated as Roulin, in Lesson.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
29
*Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841)
Taeniura motoro Müller & Henle, 1841: 197 (type locality:
Brazil: Cuiabá River / Guapore River; syntypes [5]: ?
NMW 77987 [1], ? 78613 [1], ? 78655 [1], ZMB 4662
[1], Paepke & Schmidt, 1988: 181, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Distribution notes. Introduced. Established in Singapore (Ng
et al., 2010).
[Trygon histrix Valenciennes, in d'Orbigny, 1836: pl. 13 (type locality: Ar-
gentina: Buenos Aires [Müller & Henle, 1841: 167]; holotype: MNHN
A.2449; invalid lectotype designation by Castex, 1969: 8)].
[Pastinaca humboldtii Roulin, in Lesson, 1829b: 465 (based on Roulin, 1829:
104, pl. 3; type locality: Colombia: San Martin Province: Meta River at
Giramena; syntypes [2]: specimens possibly not preserved, but spine of
one deposited in MNHN, possibly lost)].
Family MYLIOBATIDIDAE
Nomenclatural notes. See Steyskal (1980: 170) for correct
spelling of the family-group name commonly spelt Mylio-
batidae.
Aetobatus Blainville, 1816
Aëtobatus Blainville, 1816: 112 (subgenus of Raja Linnaeus,
1758: 231; type species: Raja narinari Euphrasén, 1790:
217, by subsequent designation by Jordan & Evermann,
1917: 95 [see below]). Gender masculine.
Aetobatis Blainville, in Vieillot, 1825: 38 (incorrect subse-
quent spelling of Aetobatus Blainville, 1816: 112)
Aëtobatis Müller & Henle, 1837a: 118 (type species: Raja Nari-
nari
Euphrasén, 1790: 217, by subsequent designation by
Jordan & Evermann, 1896b: 88; no species originally
included, first inclusion by Müller & Henle, 1841: 179,
198; designation of Ereegoodoo-tenkee of Russel, 1803
by Bonaparte, 1838b: 201 invalid as this is not a binominal
name; not a junior homonym of Aetobatis Blainville, in
Vieillot, 1825: 38 as this is an incorrect subsequent spell-
ing of Aetobatus Blainville, 1816: 112; also in Müller &
Henle, 1837b: 401, 1838b: 91). Gender feminine.
Stoasodon Cantor, 1849: 1416 (unnecessary replacement
name for Aetobatis Müller & Henle, 1837a: 118). Gen-
der masculine.
Goniobatis Agassiz, 1858: 385 (type species: Raja flagel-
lum Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 361, by subsequent des-
ignation by Jordan & Evermann, 1896b: 88). Gender fem-
inine.
Nomenclatural notes. The type species of Aëtobatus Blain-
ville, 1816: 112 is given in very different ways in the litera-
ture. The following published opinions are not correct. The
type species is not Raia (Aetobatus) vulgaris Blainville, 1816:
112 by subsequent designation by Bory de Saint Vincent,
1822a: 129, because this is a nomen nudum.
It is not Raja vulgaris Olafsen, 1774: 191, 1775: 203,
which is in Rajidae; also, this is a nomen nudum as all dis-
tinctive characters are listed as shared with Raja major, which
is another nomen nudum.
It is not Raia vulgaris Stephan, 1779: 23, which is in
Rajidae (see Kottelat, 2010a: 65).
It is not Raja narinari Euphrasén, 1790: 217, sometimes
indicated as "by subsequent designation by Müller & Hen-
le", because such an action does not exist in any publication
by Müller & Henle (1837b, 1838b: 91, 1838c, 1841). Fur-
ther, in these works Müller & Henle made it explicit that
their Aetobatis is not Blainville's Aetobatus, by using "Aëto-
batis N." [N. = Nobis, ours] and by stating so in the 1841
work (p. 179).
It is not Raja aquila Linnaeus, 1758: 232 [mentioned as
designated by Bory de St-Vincent, 1822a: 129 by Whitley,
1935c: 137] because "R. Aquilae" in the sentence "Aëtoba-
tus aut R. Aquilae" on the left margin in Blainville (1816:
112) is not an included species, but means "Aëtobatus or the
eagle rays" and is a vernacular name, also obvious by com-
parison with other names in similar positions in same text
(e.g. "Dasybatus aut R. Communes", Dasybatus or the com-
mon rays; 'communes' is plural, if it were intended as a spe-
cies name it would have been singular).
The earliest valid designation seems to be by Jordan &
Evermann (1917: 95).
Aetobatus mula (Forskål, 1775)
Raja mula Forskål, 1775: ix (type locality: Red Sea: Saudi
Arabia: Djidda [Jeddah]; types: NT; if considered not
available from Forskål, then available from Bonnaterre,
1788: 6)
Raja tajara Forskål, 1775: ix (type locality: Red Sea: Saudi
Arabia: Djidda [Jeddah] / Yemen: Lohaja [Al Luhayyah];
syntypes: NT; if considered not available from Forskål,
then available from Bonnaterre, 1788: 6; simultaneous
subjective synonym of R. mula, precedence given here
to R. mula)
Myliobatus ocellatus Kuhl, in van Hasselt, 1823a: 316 [trans-
lated in Alfred, 1961b: 82] (type locality: Indonesia: Java:
Jakarta: Muara Angke fish landing site [original type lo-
cality: Java]; neotype: MZB 18225, designated by White
et al., 2010c: 153, 162, fig. 1 [validity of neotype desig-
nation arguable because the need of the neotype in order
to clarify the taxonomic status of the nominal species is
not very explicitly stated, Code art. 75.1, 75.3, 75.3.1];
specimen figured by Russell, 1803a: pl. 8 [eel-tenkee],
tentatively referred to this species and therefore not part
of original type series)
Raïa quinqueaculeata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 200, pl. 43
fig. 3 (type locality: Mariana Islands: Guam; holotype:
MNHN A.8905, Séret & McEachran, 1986: 24)
Myliobatis Eeltenkee Rüppell, 1837: 70, pl. 19 fig. 3 (type
locality: Red Sea: Saudi Arabia: Djidda [Jeddah] / Eri-
trea: Massawa / India: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam];
syntypes: single specimen preserved by Rüppell and sev-
eral observed but not preserved, specimen figured as Eel-
tenkee by Russell, 1803a: pl. 8)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
30
Aetobatis Indica Swainson, 1839: 321 (available by indica-
tion to Russell, 1803a: pl. 8; type locality: India: Vizaga-
patham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype: specimen on which
is based Russell, 1803a: pl. 8 [eel-tenkee])
Myliobatis Macroptera M'Clelland, 1841a: 60, pl. 2 fig. 1
(type locality: India: Bengal; types: ? ZSI)
Goniobatis meleagris Agassiz, 1858: 385 (type locality: Sand-
wich Islands [Hawaii]; types: LU)
Myliobatis punctatus Miklouho-Maclay & Macleay, 1886:
675, pl. 46, figs. 1–2 (type locality: Admiralty and Lub
[or Hermit] Islands; holotype: lost)
Distribution notes. Recorded from freshwaters in southern
Vietnam [Cochinchine] by Chevey (1932a: 7). Synonymy
follows White et al. (2010c).
Nomenclatural notes. The Indo-West Pacific species of
Aetobatus was earlier considered a synonym of A. narinari,
a species now restricted to the Atlantic and East Pacific
oceans. White et al. (2010c) used A. ocellatus for the Indo-
West Pacific species and they list Raja mula and R. tajara as
synonyms. The last two names have priority over A. ocella-
tus, and as A. ocellatus has almost never been used as a valid
name, Code art. 23.9.2 cannot be invoked to reverse prece-
dence. Raja mula and R. tajara are simultaneous synonyms
and I give precedence to R. mula. The synonymy should be
fixed by the designation of a common neotype; I leave this
for researchers more familiar with these fishes.
Raja narinari is based on a specimen, figured, and the
account in Willughby (1686: 66) itself based on Marcgrave
(1648: 175). The specimen examined by Euphrasén was in the
collection of his sponsor and was lost in a fire (S. O. Kullander,
p
ers.comm., 2011). The model of the figure of narinari in
Marcgrave (1648: 175) is designated here as lectotype. Raja
guttata is based on the eel-tenkee of Russell (1803: pl. 8),
the narinari of Marcgrave (1648: 175) and a mention by
Commerson, without bibliographic reference; the type series
includes two species, A. narinari (narinari) and A. ocellatus
(eel-tenkee); the model of the figure of narinari in Marcgrave
(1648: 175) is designated here as lectotype of R. guttata Shaw,
1804, making it a junior objective synonym of R. narinari
Euphrasén, 1790.
Raja edentula is based on specimens from Vanuatu and
Tahiti and on narinari of Marcgrave (1648: 175). The type series
apparently includes two species, A. narinari and A. ocellatus;
the model of the figure of narinari in Marcgrave (1648: 175)
is designated here as lectotype of R. edentula Forster, in
Lichtenstein, 1844: 227, making it a junior objective synonym
of R. narinari Euphrasén, 1790.
[Raja Narinari Euphrasén, 1790: 217, pl. 10 (based on specimen and nari-
nari of Marcgrave, 1648: 175; type locality: Brazil [original type local-
ity: West Indies: Saint-Barthélemy Island, Le Carénage haven [Gusta-
via] / Brazil]; lectotype: model of figure of narinari in Marcgrave, 1648:
175, by present designation, lost)].
[Raja guttata Shaw, 1804b: 285, pl. 142 (based on Commerson [no refer-
ence], eel-tenkee of Russell, 1803: pl. 8 and narinari of Marcgarve,
1648: 175, fig.; type locality: Brazil [original type locality: Madagas-
car / India: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam] / Brazil]; lectotype: model
of figure of narinari in Marcgrave, 1648: 175, by present designation;
junior objective synonym of Raja narinari Euphrasén, 1790: 217; pri-
mary junior homonym of Raja guttata Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 361)].
[Raja edentula Forster, in Lichtenstein, 1844: 227, 256 (based on speci-
mens and narinari of Marcgrave, 1648: 175, fig.; type locality: Brazil
[original type locality: Otahaitee [Tahiti] / Vanuatu: Tanna Island / Bra-
zilian sea]; lectotype: model of figure of narinari in Marcgrave, 1648:
175, by present designation; junior objective synonym of Raja narinari
Euphrasén, 1790: 217; alternatively might be considered as described
based on Forster's manuscript and simultaneously placed in synonymy
by Lichtenstein)].
Class ACTINOPTERYGII
Order OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES
Family OSTEOGLOSSIDAE
Scleropages Günther, 1864
Scleropages Günther, 1864b: 196 (type species: Scleropa-
ges leichardti Günther, 1864b: 196, pl. 7, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Delsmania Fowler, 1934c: 243 (subgenus of Scleropages
Günther, 1864b: 196; type species: Osteoglossum formo-
sum Müller & Schlegel, 1840: pl. 1, by original designa-
tion). Gender feminine.
Scleropages formosus (Müller & Schlegel, 1840)
Osteoglossum formosum Müller & Schlegel, 1840: pl. 1,
1845: 7 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kampong
Kwâla-pattai, Dano Mahoeroeng, a small lake connect-
ed to Doeson River by a narrow canal, 1°S 115°E [Müller,
1847: 358, van Oijen & van der Meij, 2013: 368] [Dan-
au Mahurung, Barito River; Kuala Pattai village, was
opposite today's Muara Kalanis, 2°16’10"S 114°53’00"E,
reconstructed from map in Müller, 1845]; lectotype:
RMNH 3386, designated by van Oijen & van der Meij,
2013: 370, fig. 10a [type series includes only specimens
on plate 1; is RMNH 3386 one of them ?]; invalid neo-
type designation by Pouyaud et al., 2004: 294)
? Scleropages macrocephalus Pouyaud, Sudarto & Teugels,
2003: 296, fig. 8 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo:
Kalimantan Barat: Nanga Pinoh market, from Sungai
Melawi; holotype: MZB 11898)
? Scleropages aureus Pouyaud, Sudarto & Teugels, 2003:
298, figs. 9–11 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Pe-
kanbaru market, from Siak River; holotype: MZB 11906)
? Scleropages legendrei Pouyaud, Sudarto & Teugels, 2003:
300, figs. 12–13 (type locality: Indonesia: aquarium stock
cultivated in Bogor, claimed to be from Borneo: Kali-
mantan Barat: Danau Sentarum; holotype: MZB 11912)
Taxonomic notes. The descriptions of S. macrocephalus, S.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
31
aureus and S. legendrei do not allow to decide whether or
not they are valid species. In the absence of unambiguous
evidence of their distinctness they are treated as tentative
synonyms of S. formosus following Kottelat & Widjanarti
(2005: 145). Scleropages legendrei is possibly valid.
Family ARAPAIMIDAE
Arapaimidae
Arapaimini Bonaparte, 1846: 5 (type genus: Arapaima
Müller, 1843: 327)
Heterotidae Cope, 1871: 455 (type genus: Heterotis Rüp-
pell, 1829b: 10)
Arapaiminae Fowler, 1951: 3 (available when published, but
now not available under 1961, 1985 and 1999 editions of
the Code art. 13.1; already established as Arapaimini
Bonaparte, 1846: 5)
Taxonomic notes. Arapaima gigas (Schinz, in Cuvier, 1822)
has been reported as introduced in the Malay Peninsula. The
species is kept in angling ponds, but there is no confirmed
record that it escaped (which is expected) or that it estab-
lished a reproducting population. It is therefore not included
here.
The genus Arapaima was long considered to include a
single species, A. gigas. Stewart (2013) recognised four spe-
cies, three of which still known only from their types (which
is a sampling artifact since such large animals are rare in
museum collections). The common species would be A. ara-
paima (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847).
Nomenclatural notes. The spellings Arapaimidae and Ara-
paimatidae are presently in use. As the name is not Latin or
Greek, but is assumed to be derived from Tupian (a South
American language), Code art. 29.3.3 applies: the stem of
the family-group name is that used by the author who first
established the name. Bonaparte used the stem Arapaim- and
the correct spelling is thus Arapaimidae.
[Arapaima Müller, 1843: 327 (replacement for Sudis Cuvier, 1816a: 180, a
junior homonym of Sudis Rafinesque Schmaltz, 1810a: 60 in Pisces).
Gender feminine].
[Sudis Cuvier, 1816a: 180 (type species: Sudis gigas Schinz, in Cuvier, 1822:
305, by subsequent monotypy in Cuvier, 1822: 305). Gender feminine].
[Sudis gigas Schinz, in Cuvier, 1822: 305 (based on Cuvier, 1816b: pl. 10
fig. 4; type locality: Brazil; holotype: MNHN A.8837, Bertin, 1940:
271)].
[Vastres arapaima Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847a: 461
(based on Sudis gigas of Schomburgk, 1841: 198, pl. 11; type locality:
Guiana: Rupunini; syntypes: BMNH 2009.1.19.1 [1], Stewart, 2013:
38 [as holotype])].
Family NOTOPTERIDAE
Chitala Fowler, 1934
Chitala Fowler, 1934c: 244 (subgenus of Notopterus La
Cepède, 1800: 189; type species: Mystus chitala Hamil-
ton, 1822: 236, by original designation). Gender femi-
nine.
Chitala blanci (d'Aubenton, 1965)
Notopterus blanci d'Aubenton, 1965: 261, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Cambodia: Mekong River at Beng-Cha; holotype:
MNHN 1965-0280)
Chitala borneensis (Bleeker, 1851)
Notopterus borneënsis Bleeker, 1851p: 437 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; holotype
[235 mm TL]: BMNH 1867.11.28.2, Roberts, 1992b: 370;
also in Bleeker, 1852i: 26)
Notopterus maculosus Bleeker, 1851p: 438 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; holotype
[216 mm TL]: BMNH 1867.11.28.6, Roberts, 1992b: 370;
also in Bleeker, 1852i: 26; simultaneous subjective syn-
onym of Notopterus borneensis Bleeker, 1851p: 437, first
reviser [Bleeker, 1875a: 147] gave precedence to N. born-
eensis)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Kottelat & Widjanar-
ti (2005: 147).
Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822)
Mystus chitala Hamilton, 1822: 236, 382 (type locality: In-
dia: rivers of Bengal and Behar; types: NT; Hamilton's
unpublished figure reproduced in Gray, 1831a: vol. 1, pl.
91 fig. 1)
Notopterus maculatus Valenciennes, 1832b: 396, pl. 5 fig. 2
(type locality not stated [India: Bengal; according to la-
bel]; lectotype: MNHN B.2193, designated by inference
of "holotype" [Code art. 74.6] by Roberts, 1992b: 367)
Notopterus Buchanani Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1848: 148 (unnecessary replacement name for
Mystus chitala Hamilton, 1822: 226, 382)
Scleropages inscriptus Roberts, 2012.
Scleropages inscriptus Roberts, 2012: 115, figs. 1–2 (type
locality: supposedly from Myanmar: Tananthayi district
[Tenasserim]: Tananthayi [Tenasserim] River drainage,
from aquarium fish vendor at Meik; holotype: THNHM-
F-01521)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
32
Mystus chitala buchanani Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1848: 149 (not available, name listed in synony-
my; erroneously referred to as authored by Gray, 1830–
1834)
Nomenclatural notes. Roberts (1992: 367) commented that
"as there is no indication in the original description of N.
maculatus that more than a single specimen was utilized, the
specimen figured is ipso facto the holotype". I disagree with
this interpretation. If there is no explicit statement that a sin-
gle specimen has been used, there is no way of knowing if
the illustrated specimen is the only one available to the au-
thor and it is more reasonable to treat it as syntype and to
designate it as lectotype. Code art. 73.1.2 requires that the
holotype be so stated or implied in the original publication
or demonstrated from evidence from outside the work itself.
Unless it is demonstrated that Valenciennes had a single spec-
imen, the figured specimen is a syntype, and Roberts' action
makes it a lectotype by inference of holotype (Code art. 74.6).
Chitala hypselonotus (Bleeker, 1852)
Notopterus hypselonotus Bleeker, 1852i: 27 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Musi River in Palembang; holotype
[372 mm TL]: ? BMNH 1867.11.28.3, Roberts, 1992b:
370; also in Bleeker, 1852r: 604)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Kottelat & Widjanar-
ti (2005: 147).
Chitala lopis (Bleeker, 1851)
Notopterus lopies Bleeker, 1845: 510 (nomen nudum; local-
ity: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta])
Notopterus lopis Bleeker, 1849h: 12 (nomen nudum; locali-
ty: Indonesia: Java: Samarang)
Notopterus lopis Bleeker, 1851h: 422 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta] and Samarang; syntypes [one
preserved, 275 mm TL, and many larger ones seen]: pos-
sibly BMNH 1867.22.28.5 or MNHN 3609, Eschmeyer,
2010; the specimen listed as syntype by Fricke, 1991: 16
is too small to be the preserved syntype; also in Bleeker,
1851i: 17)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Kottelat & Widjanar-
ti (2005: 147).
Chitala ornata (Gray, 1831)
Notopterus ornatus Gray, 1831c: 16 (type locality: Indian
seas; types: LU)
Notopterus ocellifer Bleeker, 1864j: 176 (nomen nudum)
Notopterus La Cepède, 1800
Notopterus La Cepède, 1800: 189 (type species: Gymnotus
notopterus Pallas, 1769: 40, by absolute tautonymy, in
the synonymy of Gymnotus kapirat La Cepède, 1800:
190). Gender masculine.
? Glanis Gronow, in Gray, 1854: 135 (type species: Glanis
imberbis Gronow, in Gray, 1854: 155, by monotypy; jun-
ior homonym of Glanis Agassiz, 1829: 10). Gender fem-
inine.
Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769)
Gymnotus notopterus Pallas, 1769: 40, pl. 6 fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Ambon [erroneous; Malay and Dutch
vernacular names suggest the locality might be in Indo-
nesia, most likely Java]; holotype: ? ZMB)
Notopterus kapirat La Cepède, 1800: 189, 190 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: "the sea near Ambon"; syntypes: material
used by Gmelin, 1789: 1139 [as Gymnotus notopterus;
based on Pallas
, 1769: 40, pl. 6 fig. 2, Renard, 1719: vol. 1
:
pl. 16 fig. 90, Bontius, 1642] and Bontius, 1642: 78 [re-
printed in van Andel, 1931: 270–271, pl.])
Clupea synura Schneider, 1801: 426 (type locality: India:
Malabar / "China"; syntypes: ZMB 8806 [1], 32057 [1],
Paepke, 1999: 106 and specimen on which cited refer-
ences are based)
Osteoglossum cynurus Swainson, 1839: 292 (incorrect sub-
sequent spelling of Clupea synura Schneider, 1801: 426)
Mystus Badgee Sykes, 1839a: 165 (type locality: India: Dec-
can [Mota Mola River at Poona / Beema River at Seed-
ataik]; syntypes: NT; also in Sykes, 1839b: 62, 1841: 376,
pl. 67 fig. 2)
Notopterus Pallasii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1848: 130 (unnecessary replacement name for Gym-
notus notopterus Pallas, 1769: 40 [text pp. 129–130 ex-
plicitly shows this is a replacement name]; material list-
ed as syntypes [e.g. by Daget, 1984: 511, Eschmeyer,
2010] has no type status)
Notopterus Bontianus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1848: 147, pl. 613 (type locality: Burma: Irrawad-
dy / Indonesia: Java; syntypes: MNHN 3616 [1], 3613–
3615 [3], RMNH, Roberts, 1993b: 15)
? Glanis imberbis Gronow, in Gray, 1854: 155 (based on a
specimen and on Valentyn, 1726: 506, fig. 512 [ikan
marate djantan, Ambon]; type locality: India Orientalis
[East Indies; Indonesia: probably Batavia]; syntypes:
material of Valentyn and specimen in Van Hoey's collec-
tion)
Notopterus primaevus Günther, 1876a: 439, pl. 19 (fossil;
type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Padang, freshwater
Tertiary lignite; holotype: ? BMNH)
Clupea didactyla Hora, 1933: 134 (not available, name list-
ed in synonymy)
Notopterus osmani Talwar & Jhingran, 1991: 64 (listed in
synonymy, name not available; said to have been de-
scribed by Rahimullah & Das, 1936: 136, pl. 23, in which
this name does not appear)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
33
Order ELOPIFORMES
Family ELOPIDAE
Elops Linné, 1766
Elops Linné, 1766: 518 (type species: Elops saurus Linné,
1766: 518, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Mugilomorus La Cepède, 1803: 397 (type species: Mugilo-
morus annacarolina La Cepède, 1803: 397, 398, by
monotypy). Gender masculine.
Trichonotus Rafinesque, 1815: 88 (unnecessary replacement
name for Mugilomorus La Cepède, 1803: 397; junior
homonym of Trichonotus Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 179
in Pisces). Gender masculine.
Helops Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1825b: 111, Agassiz, 1846:
139 (unjustified emendation of Elops Linné, 1766: 518;
junior homonym of Helops Fabricius, 1775: 257 in Co-
leoptera; senior homonym of Helops Brandt & Ratze-
burg, 1833: 3 in Pisces). Gender masculine.
Ellops Minding, 1832: 124 (incorrect subsequent spelling of
Elops Linné, 1766: 518)
Gularus Whitley, 1940b: 397 (subgenus of Elops Linné,
1766: 518; type species: Elops australis Regan, 1909a:
39, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Alloelops Nybelin, 1979: 20 (subgenus of Elops Linné, 1766:
518; type species: Elops lacerta Valenciennes, in Cuvier
& Valenciennes, 1847: 381, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Species inquirenda
Elops Indicus Swainson, 1839: 292 (available by indication
to Russell, 1803b: pl. 179; type locality: India: Vizaga-
patham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype: specimen on which
is based Russell 1803b: pl. 179 [Jinagow])
Elops machnata (Forskål, 1775)
Argentina machnata Forskål, 1775: xiii, 68 (type locality:
Red Sea: Saudi Arabia: Djidda [Jeddah]; holotype: ZMUC
P 17153, Dor, 1984: 24, Klausewitz & Nielsen, 1965:
25, pl. 36 fig. 65, Nielsen, 1974: 10)
? Elops capensis Smith, 1840: unnumbered p., pl. 7 (type
locality: South Africa: Cape of Good Hope; syntypes: NT)
Elops purpurascens Richardson, 1846a: 311 (type locality:
China: Chinese seas [area of Macao]; holotype: speci-
men on which is based Reeves' unpublished drawing,
reproduced in Whitehead, 1966: pl. 7 fig. 2]; declared a
nomen oblitum by Whitehead, 1966: 45 [Code art. 23.12])
Elops hawaiensis Regan, 1909
Elops hawaiensis Regan, 1909a: 39 (type locality: U.S.A.:
Hawaii; syntypes: BMNH 1893.12.15.93–94 [2], White-
head, 1962: 328)
Elops australis Regan, 1909a: 39 (type locality: Australia:
New South Wales: Port Jackson; holotype: BMNH
1890.9.23.183, Whitehead, 1962: 328; simultaneous sub-
jective synonym of Elops hawaiensis Regan, 1909a: 39,
first reviser [Whitehead, 1962: 326] gave precedence to
E. hawaiensis)
Family MEGALOPIDAE
Megalops La Cepède, 1789
Amia Browne, 1789: 442 (not available, name in a rejected
work, ICZN, 1925: 27 [Opinion 89])
Megalops La Cepède, 1803: 289 (type species: Megalops
filamentosus La Cepède, 1803: 290, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Oculeus Commerson, in La Cepède, 1803: 290 (not avail-
able, names of Commerson in footnotes of La Cepède,
1803, are on Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Ge-
neric Names in Zoology, ICZN 1925: 27 [Opinion 89])
Megalopus Minding, 1832: 124 (incorrect subsequent spell-
ing of Megalops La Cepède, 1803: 289)
Cyprinoïdes Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1824a: 283 (not avail-
able, name listed in synonymy; listed as "Syn. de Méga-
lope Filament ou Apalike", but without description or
indication in the sense of Code art. 12.2)
Brisbania Castelnau, 1878a: 241 (type species: Brisbania
staigeri Castelnau, 1875: 4, by monotypy). Gender fem-
inine.
Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782)
Clupea Cyprinoides Broussonet, 1782: [39], pl. [9] (type
locality: Vanuatu: Tanna Island [original type locality:
around Jamaica / Antigua / Brazil: Rio de Janeiro / Van-
uatu: Tanna Island]; lectotype: BMNH 1962.12.1.1, by
present designation, Whitehead, 1969a: pl. 7)
Clupea thrissoides Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 424 (type lo-
cality: Vanuatu: Tanna Island [original type locality: nu-
merous localities in Atlantic and Pacific Oceans]; lecto-
type: BMNH 1962.12.1.1, by present designation, White-
head, 1969a: pl. 7 [earlier syntypes included material
listed by Plumier [ms., as Clupea cyprinoides], Bloch,
1795: pl. 403, Broussonet, 1782: pl. [9]; Gmelin, 1789:
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
34
Order ALBULIFORMES
Family ALBULIDAE
1407 [as Clupea cyprinoides, based on Broussonet, 1782],
Forster [ms.]; objective junior synonym of Clupea cypri-
noides Broussonet, 1782: [39])
Megalops filamentosus La Cepède, 1803: 290 [not pl. 13
fig. 3] (type locality: Madagascar: Fort Dauphin; holo-
type: MNHN B.2167, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Clupea gigantea Shaw, 1804a: 173 (based on Marcgrave,
1648: 179, C. cyprinoides [of Broussonet, 1782: [39] ?],
and C. radio ultimo dorsali longissimo, pinna ani lunata
of Bloch, 1795: pl. 403; type locality: Vanuatu: Tanna
Island [original type locality: around Jamaica / Antigua /
Brazil: Rio de Janeiro / Vanuatu: Tanna Island; lectotype:
BMNH 1962.12.1.1, by present designation, Whitehead,
1969a: pl. 7 [earlier syntypes included material listed by
Marcgrave, 1648, and Bloch, 1795: 32, pl. 403]; objec-
tive junior synonym of Clupea cyprinoides Broussonet,
1782: [39])
Cyprinodon cundinga Hamilton, 1822: 254, 383 (type local-
ity: India: salt water estuaries of the Ganges; types: NT;
Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in Hora, 1929a:
pl. 18 fig. 4)
Megalops setipinnis Richardson, 1843d: 493 (type locality:
Australia: Northern Territory: Port Essington / Vanuatu:
Tanna Island; syntypes: B, BMNH 1962.12.1.1 [1],
1853.1.4.20 [1], 1964.11.6.14 [1, listed as holotype by
Whitehead, 1966: 44, 1968a: pl. 7], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Megalops curtifilis Richardson, 1846a: 310 (type locality:
China: Chinese seas [area of Macao]; holotype: speci-
men on which Reeves unpublished drawing is based, re-
produced in Whitehead, 1966: pl. 6 fig. 3)
Megalops indicus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847a: 388, pl. 576 (type locality: India: Malabar Coast,
from Cochin to Cananor, Aleppey / Coromandel Coast at
Pondicherry / Madagascar: Fort Dauphin / Isle-de-France
[Mauritius] / Indonesia: Buru / Java: Panimbang River /
Tahiti / Vanuatu: Tanna Island and various literature
records; syntypes: MNHN 3594 [1], 3595 [1], 3596 [1],
3602 [1], 4596 [1], 3597–3601 [5], 3603 [1], 4597 [1],
3604–3606 [3], ? B.2167 [1], Bertin, 1940: 259, and
material on which literature records are based)
Megalops macrophthalmus Bleeker, 1851h: 421 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [317 mm
TL]: BMNH 1867.11.28.68, Whitehead et al., 1966: 23,
pl. 2 fig. 1; also in Bleeker, 1851i: 15)
Megalops kundinga Bleeker, 1865f: 288 (unjustified emen-
dation of Cyprinodon cundinga Hamilton, 1822: 254)
Megalops macropterus Bleeker, 1865f: 284 (type locality:
[composite because lectotype was mixed with specimens
from different localities] Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakar-
ta], Perdana, Tjiringin, Samarang, Surabaya, Pasuruan /
Sumatra: Telokbeton / Riau: Bintang / Sulawesi: Badjoa /
Ambon / Singapore; lectotype: BMNH 1867.11.28.69,
designated by Whitehead et al., 1966: 25)
Megalops oligolepis Bleeker, 1865f: 292 (type locality: Ma-
laysia: Penang; holotype: BMNH [4 1/8 inches skin of
Elops cundinga of Cantor, 1849: 1272, lost, Whitehead
et al., 1966: 26])
Brisbania staigeri Castelnau, 1875: 4 (type locality: Austra-
lia: Queensland: in a lagoon near Brisbane [from Upper
Brisbane River; Castelnau, 1878a: 241]; holotype: spec-
imen on which drawing is based, apparently not pre-
served; also in Castelnau, 1878a: 241, pl. 3, with addi-
tional specimen)
Nomenclatural notes. The type series of Clupea cyprinoi-
des, C. thrissoides and C. gigantea each include two spe-
cies, one in the Indo-Pacific, and one in the Atlantic Ocean.
The type series of C. thrissoides includes the whole type se-
ries of C. cyprinoides. The type series of C. gigantea includes
a reference to C. cyprinoides in Bloch (1795, pl. 403 and the
diagnostic sentence on p. 32). In turn, Bloch (1795: 32) in-
cludes a reference to the original description of C. cyprinoi-
des Broussonet; therefore the whole type series of C. cypri
noi-
des is included in the type series of C. gigantea. The present
designation of BMNH 1962.12.1.1 as lectotype of C. cypri-
noides, C. gigantea and C. thrissoides makes them
objective
synonyms and restricts them to the Indo-Pacific species. This
also avoids changing the name of the well-known Tarpon
atlanticus (Valenciennes, 1847), of which C. thrissoides and
C. gigantea have been considered senior synonyms.
[Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847a: 398
(type locality: Guadeloupe, Martinique, Santo Domingo, Puerto Rico,
Brazil, Spanish Antilles; syntypes: MNHN 3177 [1], A.8839 [1], A-
8840 [1], Bertin, 1940: 260)].
Albula Scopoli, 1777
Conorynchus Nozeman, 1758: 381 (type species: Clupea
macrocephala La Cepède, 1803: 460, by subsequent
monotypy in Gill, 1861a: 55; declared a nomen oblitum
by Whitehead, 1986: 215, but declaration invalid as after
1973 [Code art. 23.12]; here declared a nomen oblitum
under Code art. 23.9.2, as it has not been used as a valid
name since 1899 [Code art. 23.9.1.1], and Albula Sco-
poli, 1777: 450 has been used in at least 25 works in the
last 50 years [Code art. 23.9.1.2])). Gender masculine.
Albula Gronovius, 1763: 102 (not available, name in a re-
jected work, ICZN, 1925: 27 [Opinion 89]).
Vulpis Catesby, 1771: vol. 2: 1, pl. 1 (not available, name in
a rejected work, ICZN, 1954c: 253 [Opinion 259])
Albula Scopoli, 1777: 450 (type species: generally assumed
to be Esox vulpes Linnaeus, 1758: 313, by subsequent
designation; no species originally included, first inclu-
sion not researched [not Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 432
as their Albula is a different genus because there is no
reference to Scopoli, 1777]; junior homonym of Albula
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
35
Osbeck, 1765: 309; declared a nomen protectum under
Code art. 23.9.2 by Kottelat, 2001a: 57, but declaration
confirmed here [see Nomenclatural notes]). Gender fem-
inine.
Albula Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 432 (type species: Albula
conorynchus Schneider, 1801: 432, by monotypy; junior
homonym of Albula Osbeck, 1765: 309 and Albula Sco-
poli, 1777: 450). Gender feminine.
Butyrinus La Cepède, 1803: 45 (type species: Butyrinus ba-
nanus La Cepède, 1803: 45, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine.
Glossodus Agassiz, 1829: 48 (type species: Glossodus for-
skalii Agassiz, 1829: 49, by monotypy). Gender mascu-
line.
Esunculus Kaup, 1857: 143 (type species: Esunculus costai
Kaup, 1857: 144, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Atopichthys Garman, 1899: 325 (type species: Atopichthys
esunculus Garman, 1899: 327, by subsequent designa-
tion by Jordan, 1920: 486; misspelt Atopichthyes p. 325,
an inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code
art. 32.5.1]). Gender masculine.
Dixonina Fowler, 1911: 651 (type species: Dixonina nem-
optera Fowler, 1911: 652, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Taxonomic notes. Synonymies based on Whitehead (1986).
Nomenclatural notes. Albula Scopoli, 1777 was declared a
nomen protectum by Kottelat (2001a: 57), under Code art.
23.9.2. This declaration is erroneous, because it should have
listed 25 works, published by at least 10 authors as required
by Code art. 23.9.1.2. Accidentally, the list included only 24
titles. Addition of Kottelat (2001a: 57) to that list makes the
25th work, and now, from the present work, Albula Scopoli,
1777 can be declared a nomen protectum and Albula Os-
beck, 1765 a nomen oblitum under Code art. 23.9.2.
Conorynchus Nozeman, 1758: 381 has not ben used as a
valid name since 1899. Albula Scopoli, 1777 has been used
as valid in at least 25 works published by at least 10 authors
in the last 50 years (see list of references in Kottelat, 2001a:
57 and above). Albula Scopoli, 1777 is declared a nomen
protectum and Conorynchus Nozeman, 1758 is declared a
nomen oblitum under Code art. 23.9.2.
A genus "Glossodonta Cuvier, 1815: 232, 233" is listed
in some bibliographies but does not exist (e.g. Eschmeyer,
2010). Cuvier (1815a: 232) very explicitly listed Argentina
glossodonta Forskål, 1775, and commented that it is a new
genus, but did not name it. It is possible that some subse-
quent authors may have used it in a way that unintentionally
made Glossodonta available but I did not come across such
a publication.
Albula argentea (Forster, in Schneider, 1801)
Esox argenteus Forster, 1777b: 282 (nomen nudum)
Synodus argenteus Forster, in Schneider, 1801: 396, 398 (type
locality: Otaheitee [Tahiti]; holotype ?: MNHN 4515,
Hidaka et al., 2008: 58, fig. 2, Bauchot, 1969: 129, Ran-
dall & Bauchot, 1999: 80, Randall & Wheeler, 1991: 761,
fig. 1, Hidaka et al., 2008: 58, fig. 2; not a primary junior
homonym of Esox argenteus Gmelin, 1789: 1393, see
below; see also Forster, in Lichtenstein, 1844: 196)
Albula Forsteri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847a: 354 (type locality: Tahiti; holotype: MNHN 4515,
Bauchot, 1969: 129, Randall & Wheeler, 1991: 761, fig. 1,
Randall & Bauchot, 1999: 81, Hidaka et al., 2008: 58,
fig. 2; not a replacement name for but an objective junior
synonym of Synodus argenteus Forster, in Schneider,
1801: 396, see below)
Albula Neoguinaica Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847a: 350 (type locality: New Guinea [northwest-
ern Irian Jaya, Whitehead, 1986: 224]; holotype: MNHN
3591, Hidaka et al., 2008: 55, Whitehead, 1986: 224,
Randall & Bauchot, 1999: 81; simultaneous subjective
synonym of Albula forsteri Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1847a: 354, first revisers [Randall & Bau-
chot, 1999: 81] gave precedence to Albula forsteri)
Albula seminuda Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847a: 351 (type locality: New Guinea [northwestern Iri-
an Jaya, Whitehead, 1986: 224]; holotype: MNHN 3592,
Hidaka et al., 2008: 55, Randall & Bauchot, 1999: 81;
simultaneous subjective synonym of Albula forsteri Va-
lenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847a: 354, first
revisers [Randall & Bauchot, 1999: 81] gave precedence
to Albula forsteri)
Nomenclatural notes. Georg Forster was the son of Johann
Reinhold Forster. They traveled together from 1772 to 1775
on James Cook's second voyage. In 1777 the son published
two volumes on their travels. The father had prepared de-
scriptions of fishes that were never published but the manu-
script was available to Bloch, who included part of it in his
Systema Ichthyologiae. On his death in 1799, Bloch's manu-
script was edited and published by Schneider (1801) who
made significant additions. Lichtenstein (1844) later pub-
lished J. R. Forster's manuscript.
On p. 159 of vol. 1, G. Forster (1777a) provided a short
description of a galaxiid from a lake in New Zealand: "he
observed no other inhabitant in it than a small species of fish
(esox), without scales, resembling a little trout; its colour was
brown, and mottled with yellowish spots in the shape of some
ancient Asiatic characters". On p. 282 of vol. 2, G. Forster
(1777b) mentioned among fishes of Tanna Island [Vanuatu],
New Hebrides: "particularly a sort common in the West In-
dies, and there called Ten pounders (Esox argenteus n. s.)".
J. R. Forster's manuscript included the description of an Esox
alepidotus [the galaxiid from New Zealand] and an Esox ar-
genteus [the albulid from Tanna] (Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1846: 353).
The name Esox argenteus is not available from G. For-
ster (1777a–b) because it is not accompanied by a descrip-
tion of characters or an indication. There is also no link be-
tween the nomen nudum [Albulidae] in volume 2 and the
brief description of the 'esox' [Galaxiidae], without a species
name, in volume 1. Gmelin (1789: 1393) described Esox
argenteus [Galaxiidae] and referred only to the galaxiid in
G. Forster (1777a; vol. 1 p. 159).
On p. 395, after describing 11 species of Esox from
Bloch's manuscript, Schneider (1801) added, as "species non
definiendae" [undefined species] an Esox argenteus (Gal-
axiidae), with a reference to volumes 1 (p. 159) and 2 (p. 282)
of G. Forster (1777a–b) and the "Trepoonder of America".
Schneider continued by stating "This is the Esox alepidotus
in J. R. Forster's manuscript, vol. 2, p. 62", followed by the
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
36
description. The description includes mention of the origin
(lakes and streams of the southern island of New Zealand)
and is an abridged version of J. R. Forster's text.
This makes Esox argenteus in Schneider, 1801 available
and Esox alepidotus an unavailable name because it is cited
as a synonym.
After this description of the E. argenteus [Galaxiidae],
Schneider continued (p. 396), commenting that "the argen-
teus of J. R. Forster's manuscript, vol. 2, p. 122 differs from
it". After giving the description of this second species from
that same manuscript, Schneider concluded by stating: "it
belongs to the next genus from Bloch's description". The
"next genus" (next line) is Synodus and indeed Synodus ar-
genteus is listed p. 398 with the comment "see note under
the preceding genus". Schneider also gave the description of
the Synodus argenteus, mentioning the origin as Otaheitee
[Tahiti]. This is the albulid.
In short: Schneider (1) identified the "esox" of G. Forster
(1777a: 159) and the "Esox argenteus" of G. Forster (1777b:
282) as the species described as Esox alepidotus [Galaxiidae]
in J. R. Forster's unpublished manuscript; and (2) consid-
ered that the "Esox argenteus" [Albulidae] of G. Forster
(1777b: 282) is not the same as the Esox argenteus
[Albulidae] in the manuscript of J. R. Forster. He apparently
did not realise that the mentions in volumes 1 and 2 refer to
different species. All the above was already very clearly dis-
cusse
d by Valenciennes (in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 353).
Schneider (1801: 395) used Forster's manuscript descrip-
tion of E. alepidotus and abridged and slightly reworded it
(compare with the text in Lichtenstein, 1844: 142) and named
it E. argenteus. The author of E. argenteus is nevertheless
Schneider, because Forster is not author of the name and of
the conditions making it available (Code art. 50.1.1). The
description of Esox argenteus [Galaxiidae] Schneider, 1801
does not mention Gmelin (1789) and it is a distinct, avail-
able name, with its own type series. It is also a junior prima-
ry homonym and permanently invalid. Its type series includes
the material referred to in J. R. Forster's manuscript and in
G. Forster (1777a: 159, 1777b: 282), that is, it includes two
species. A lectotype is needed to fix the name to a single
species. Forster had prepared a figure, mentioned by Valen-
ciennes (in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 354). The speci-
men measured by Forster (data later published in Lichten-
stein, 1844: 143) is here designated as lectotype. This spec-
imen is also designated as lectotype of E. argenteus Gmelin,
1789, and this makes the two names objective synonyms.
Esox alepidotus is first mentioned by Schneider (1801:
395) as a synonym of E. argenteus and would therefore not
be available. But several authors (e.g. Cuvier, 1829: 283;
Gray, 1842b: 73; Forster, in Lichtenstein, 1844: 142) treated
E. alepidotus as valid, which makes the name available, with
Forster, in Schneider, 1801 as author (Code art. 11.6.1). Esox
alepidotus is a simultaneous objective synonym and has the
same lectotype as E. argenteus Forster, in Schneider, 1801.
Galaxias forsteri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1846: 351 is an unnecessary replacement name for E. alepi-
dotus.
The description of Synodus argenteus in Schneider (1801:
396) is based only on Forster's notes, and although much
abridged and reworded by Schneider, the original text can
still be recognised (see Forster, in Lichenstein, 1844: 196).
I therefore consider the authorship as Forster, in Schneider,
1801. Synodus argenteus is the earliest available name for
the species called Albula forsteri in recent years. Albula for-
steri Valenciennes (in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847a: 354)
is not a replacement name for Synodus argenteus Forster (in
Schneider, 1801) because Valenciennes did not refer to
Schneider's Synodus argenteus. Valenciennes only mentioned
the Esox argenteus of Forster's manuscript, which is not an
available name. The holotype of Synodus argenteus and the
holotype of Albula forsterii are the same specimen and they
are objective synonyms.
[Esox argenteus Gmelin, 1789: 1393 (based on esox in G. Forster, 1777a:
159; type locality: New Zealand: Dusky Bay, a small lake half a mile
from the coast along a brook; lectotype: specimen measured by For-
ster's [data in Lichtenstein, 1844: 143], by present designation)].
[Esox argenteus Schneider, 1801: 395 (based on esox in G. Forster, 1777a:
159, Esox argenteus in Forster, 1777b: 282 and Esox alepidotus of For-
ster's manuscript; type locality: New Zealand: Dusky Bay, a small lake
half a mile from the coast along a brook; lectotype: specimen measured
by Forster [data in Lichtenstein, 1844: 143], by present designation;
junior objective synonym and junior homonym of Esox argenteus Gme-
lin, 1789: 1393)].
[Esox alepidotus Forster, in Schneider, 1801: 395 (type locality: New
Zealand: Dusky Bay, a small lake half a mile from the coast along a
brook; lectotype: specimen measured by Forster [data in Lichtenstein,
1844: 143], by present designation; listed as synonym, but available
because used as valid before 1961, e.g. by Cuvier, 1829: 283, Code art.
11.6.1; simultaneous objective synonym of Esox argenteus Forster, in
Schneider, 1801: 395; first reviser action not needed since E. argenteus
Forster is permanently invalid)].
[Galaxias Forsteri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 351 (un-
necessary replacement name for Esox alepidotus Forster, in Schneider,
1801: 395)].
Albula glossodonta (Forskål, 1775)
Argentina glossodonta Forskål, 1775: xiii, 68 (type locality:
Red Sea: Djidda [Jeddah] / Yemen: Lohaja [Al Lu-
hayyah]; syntypes: ZMUC P 17152 [1], Nielsen, 1974:
10, Klausewitz & Nielsen, 1965: 25, pl. 36 fig. 63)
Butyrinus bananus La Cepède, 1803: 45 [also pl. 8 fig. 2,
Whitehead, 1986: 221] (type locality: Mauritius; holo-
type: MNHN B.2166, Hidaka et al., 2008: 54, Randall &
Bauchot, 1999: 81)
Argentina bonuk La Cepède, 1803: 366 (based on Argentina
glossodonta Forskål, 1775: xii, 68, Gmelin, 1789: 1394
[itself based on Forskål, 1775: xii, 68], Argentine bonuk
of Bonnaterre, 1788: 177 [based on Forskål, 1775: xii,
68]; type locality: Red Sea: Saudia Arabia: Djidda [Jed-
dah] / Yemen: Lohaja [Al Luhayyah]; syntypes: ZMUC
P 17152 [1])
Albula erythrocheilos Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847a: 352, pl. 574 [not 540] (type locality: Tonga-
tabou [Tonga Islands]; holotype: MNHN 3593, Hidaka
et al., 2008: 54, Randall & Bauchot, 1999: 81)
Conorhynchus glossodon Bleeker, 1872a: 83 (unjustified emen-
dation
of Argentina glossodonta Forskål, 1775: xiii, 68)
Albula oligolepis Hidaka, Iwatsuki & Randall, 2008
Albula oligolepis Hidaka, Iwatsuki & Randall, 2008: 59, fig.
3 (type locality: South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal: Durban;
holotype: SAIAB 54385)
Distribution notes. Inland record from Mauritius (Hidaka
et al., 2008: 59). No inland record in area.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
37
Order ANGUILLIFORMES
Family ANGUILLIDAE
Anguilla Garsault, 1764
Anguilla Garsault, 1764: pl. 661 (type species: apparently
Muraena anguilla Linnaeus, 1758: 245, by subsequent
monotypy in Schrank, 1798: 304, 307). Gender femi-
nine.
Anguilla Paula von Schrank, 1798: 304, 307 (type species:
Muraena anguilla Linnaeus, 1758: 245, by monotypy;
on Official List of Generic Names in Zoology, ICZN,
1992a: 93 [Opinion 1672]; junior homonym and objec-
tive junior synonym of Anguilla Garsault, 1764: pl. 661).
Gender feminine.
Terpolepis McClelland, 1844b: 225 (subgenus of Anguilla
Garsault, 1764: pl. 661; type species: Anguilla breviros-
tris McClelland, 1844b: 177, by subsequent designation
by Blache, in Hureau & Monod, 1973: 220). Gender
feminine.
Tribranchus Müller, 1846: 193 (type species: Tribranchus
anguillaris Müller, 1846: 193, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Anguilla bengalensis (Gray, 1831)
Muraena bengalensis Gray, 1831a: vol. 1, pl. 95 fig. 5 (type
locality: India [Ganges in Behar; Hamilton, 1822: 23;
figure based on Hamilton's unpublished drawing]; holo-
type: specimen on which figure is based, not preserved)
Anguilla Elphinstonei Sykes, 1839a: 165 (type locality: In-
dia: Deccan [Poona]; holotype: BMNH ?; also in Sykes,
1839b: 62, 1841: 377, pl. 67 fig. 3)
Anguilla brevirostris McClelland, 1844b: 177, pl. 5 fig. 1
(type locality: India: Bengal / Burma: Arrakan; synty-
pes: LU)
Anguilla arracana McClelland, 1844b: 178, pl. 6 fig. 2 (type
locality: Burma: Arrakan: Sandoway; holotype: SMF 768
[2], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Anguilla nebulosa McClelland, 1844b: 179, pl. 5 fig. 2 (type
locality: India: Bengal / Burma: Arrakan: Sandoway;
syntypes: SMF 993 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Anguilla variegata McClelland, 1844b: 179, pl. 9 fig. 7
(based on Anguilla maculata of Hamilton, 1822: 23,
misidentified as Muraena maculata La Cepède, 1800:
265 [a Congrogadidae]; figure shows holotype of Mu-
raena bengalensis Gray, 1831a: vol. 1, pl. 95; type lo-
cality: India: Ganges in Behar; syntypes: LU)
Muraena labiata Peters, 1852b: 684 (type locality:
Mozambique: Tette and Boror; syntypes: ZMB 6227 [1],
6228 [2], Ege, 1939: 65)
Muraena macrophthalmos Peters, 1852b: 684 (type locali-
ty: Mozambique: Zambezi River, Tette; holotype: ZMB
6226, Ege, 1939: 65)
Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844
Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844b: 178, pl. 6 fig. 1 (type
locality: Burma: Arrakan: Sandoway; syntypes: SMF 776
[1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
? Muraena macrocephala Rapp, 1849: 142, pl. 2 (type lo-
cality: South Africa: Natal; holotype (?): SMNS; primary
junior homonym of Muraena macrocephala Le Sueur,
1817b: 82)
Anguilla moa Bleeker, 1849h: 22 (type locality: Indonesia:
Java: Batavia [Jakarta], Banjumas and Ambarawa; syn-
types [up to 320 mm TL]: RMNH ?, BMNH ?, ? SMNS
10652, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Muraena virescens Peters, 1852b: 684 (type locality:
Mozambique: Licuare River at Boror [Eschmeyer, 2010];
syntypes: ZMB 6229 [2], Ege, 1939: 185)
Anguilla mowa Bleeker, 1852s: 16 (unjustified emendation
of Anguilla moa Bleeker, 1849h: 22)
Anguilla sidat Bleeker, 1852s: 17 (type locality: Indonesia:
Java: Tjicandi, Tjampea, Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes [12,
160–550 mm TL]: part of AMS B.8207 [1], BMNH
1867.11.28.237 [1], NMV A947 [2]), Ege, 1939: 185,
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Anguilla Dussumieri Kaup, 1856a: 56 (type locality: not
stated [India: Malabar: Mahe; label data]; holotype:
MNHN 3209, Ege, 1939: 185, Bauchot et al., 1993: 95;
also in Kaup, 1857: 51, pl. 8 fig. 43)
Anguilla Bleekeri Kaup, 1856a: 56 (nomen nudum)
Anguilla Cantori Kaup, 1856a: 56 (nomen nudum)
Anguilla malabarica Kaup, 1856a: 56 (nomen nudum)
Anguilla Bleekeri Kaup, 1857: 52, pl. 9 fig. 45 (type local-
ity: India or Java; syntypes [2]: MNHN B.2099 [1],
B.3124 [1], Bauchot et al., 1993: 93)
Anguilla Cantori Kaup, 1857: 52, pl. 9 fig. 46 (type locali-
ty: India: Bombay; syntypes [2]: MNHN 3207 [1],
B.3125 [1], Bauchot et al., 1993: 94)
Anguilla malabarica Kaup, 1857: 52, pl. 9 fig. 47 (type lo-
cality: India: Malabar; holotype: MNHN 3208, Ege,
1939: 185, Bauchot et al., 1993: 95)
Muraena halmaherensis Bleeker, 1863c: 158 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Halmahera: Galela; holotype: LU)
Anguilla amblodon Günther, in Playfair & Günther, 1867:
125, fig. (type locality: Seychelles, fresh water; holo-
type: BMNH 1867.3.9.422 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Anguilla spengeli Weber, 1912: 591, fig. G (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Balikpapan,
Boren Riko / Java: Batavia [Jakarta], Tjekande [mate-
rial of Muraena malgumora of Bleeker, 1864c: 11]; syn-
types [6]: RMNH [3], ZMA 116.466 [1, listed as holo-
type by Ege, 1939: 185], Nijssen et al., 1993: 213)
Anguilla pacifica Schmidt, 1928: 190–191, 206–208 (type
locality: Pacific Ocean north of the Equator [see fig. 14,
p. 207]; syntypes: LU)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
38
Muraena Pekinensis Basilewsky, 1855: 246, pl. 3 fig. 2 (type
locality: China: streams near Tianjin and Beijing; types:
? ZISP)
Anguilla angustidens Kaup, 1856a: 56 (nomen nudum)
Anguilla angustidens Kaup, 1857: 49, pl. 7 fig. 39 (type
locality: unknown; holotype: MNHN B.3153, Bauchot
et al., 1993: 93)
Anguilla remifera Jordan & Evermann, 1902: 325, fig. 7
(type locality: Taiwan: Hokoto; holotype: ZUMT 12064
(lost), Ho & Shao, 2011: 21)
Anguilla manabei Jordan, 1913: 359, pl. 57 (type locality:
Japan: Shikoku: Awa: rapid in tributary of Yoshino River
near Koyadaira, a village at foot of Mount Tsurugi; ho-
lotype: USNM 74118, Ege, 1939: 127, Smith, 1994: 3)
Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama & Tsukamoto,
2009
Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama & Tsukamoto, 2009
[Apr.]: 389, fig. 2 (type locality: Philippines: Luzon:
Pinacanauan River near Saua, a tributary of Cagayan
River; holotype: NSMT-P 90000)
Anguilla huangi Teng, Lin & Tzeng, 2009 [Nov.]: 812, fig. 2
(type locality: Philippines: Luzon: Cagayan River; ho-
lotype: ASIZP 0069360)
Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 241, pl. 51
fig. 2 (type locality: Indonesia: Waigeu Island [Waigeo];
syntypes: MNHN A.4109 [1], 3130 [1], Bauchot et al.,
1993: 95, Ege, 1939: 65)
Anguilla Mauritiana Bennett, 1831b: 128 (type locality:
Mauritius; types: BMNH ?)
Anguilla labrosa Richardson, 1848a: 113 (type locality:
South Seas; holotype: BMNH 1848.5.18.198, Ege, 1939:
65)
Anguilla guttata Kaup, 1857: 43 (not available, name listed
in synonymy)
Muraena manillensis Bleeker, 1864l: 31 (type locality: Phil-
ippines: Luzon: Manila; holotype: MNHN; also in
Bleeker, 1864c: 10, pl. 188 fig. 2)
Anguilla johannae Günther, in Playfair & Günther, 1867:
124 (type locality: Comoro Islands: Anjouan: Johanna
Island, fresh water; holotype: BMNH 1867.3.9.419,
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Anguilla fidjiensis Günther, 1870: 26 (type locality: Fiji Is-
lands: Kandavu, Nairai; syntypes [2]: BMNH
1869.11.12.59 [1], Ege, 1939: 65)
Anguilla Hildebrandti Peters, 1881a: 19 (type locality: north-
western Madagascar; holotype: ZMB 11385, Eschmey-
er, 2010)
Anguilla hildebrandti Sauvage, 1891: 499, pl. 49A fig. 1
(type locality: northwest Madagascar / eastern slope of
Madagascar; syntypes: ZMB 11385 [1], MNHN 1880-
0508 [1], Ege, 1939: 65, Bauchot et al., 1993: 95; spelt
hildebrandtii on pl. 49A, first reviser not researched;
junior homonym of Anguilla hildebrandti Peters, 1881a:
19 [Sauvage referred to a manuscript name of Peters in
ZMB collections, but not to Peters' publication])
Taxonomic notes. Molecular data in Minegishi et al. (2008)
show that A. marmorata has at least four spawning sites and
Anguilla borneensis Popta, 1924
Anguilla borneensis Popta, 1924: 73, 1 fig. (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bo River; synty-
pes: RMNH 7654 [2])
Taxonomic notes. Anguilla borneensis is considered to be
a junior synonym of A. malgumora by Bauchot et al. (1993:
95). Ege (1939: 138) treated A. malgumora as a synonym of
A. anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758: 245); he regarded its origin as
doubtful. Watanabe et al. (2004: 348) considered the holo-
type of A. malgumora to be either a mislabelled A. anguilla
or a distinct species. This is tentatively followed here.
[Muraena Angvilla Linnaeus, 1758: 245 (based on Artedi [1738: spec. 66
[24], gen. 24 [66], syn. 39, Muraena unicolor], Linnaeus [1746: 109,
n. 290, idem], Fahlberg [1750: 194], and references therein; type lo-
cality: "Habitat in Europa; maxima in lacu Cornachio Ferrariensi" and
localities mentioned in cited references; syntypes: material on which
are based cited references; invalid neotype designation by Fricke,
1999ab: 19 [need not demonstrated]; originally spelt angvilla, but
anguilla deemed a justified emendation under Code art. 33.2.3.1].
[Anguilla malgumora Kaup, 1856a: 55 (nomen nudum)].
[Anguilla malgumora Kaup, 1857: 42, pl. 6 fig. 30 (type locality: Borneo;
holotype: MNHN 9954, Ege, 1939: 127, Bauchot et al., 1993: 95 [not
RMNH, Weber, 1912: 589])].
Anguilla celebesensis Kaup, 1857
Anguilla celebensis Kaup, 1856a: 55 (nomen nudum)
Anguilla celebesensis Kaup, 1857: 42, pl. 6 fig. 31 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Tondano; holotype:
MNHN 2150, Ege, 1939: 26, Bauchot et al., 1993: 94,
Watanabe et al., 2009: 388)
Anguilla amboinensis Peters, 1866: 523 (type locality: In-
donesia: Ambon; holotype: ZMB 6178, Ege, 1939: 26
[as ZMB 6187], Watanabe et al., 2009: 388)
Anguilla ancestralis Ege, 1939: 37, 40, 70–77, 80, 86, pl. 4
fig. 1 (type locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Paigar River
near Manado; syntypes [158]: ZMUC P 31251–31262
[12], Nielsen, 1974: 52, Castle & Williamson, 1974: 569)
? Anguilla interioris Whitley, 1938
Anguilla interioris Whitley, 1938: 224, fig. 1 (type locality:
Papua New Guinea: Gumanj, a creek of Wahgi River,
Mount Hagen District, upper Purari River; holotype:
AMS IA.6075, Watanabe et al., 2009: 388)
Taxonomic notes. Adults of A. interioris are known only from
New Guinea. Leptocephali have been recorded from along the
coasts of Sulawesi and Sumatra, suggesting that adults
c
ould also
be present in freshwater in the area (Wouthuyzen, 2009).
The identification of the leptocephali was based only on
mtDNA. Some records of A. celebesensis from Sulawesi and
A. reinhardti from Timor may be based on adult A. interioris.
Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1847
Anguilla clathrata Richardson, 1845b: 104 (type locality:
China: Canton; holotype: UMZC F.2002, Whitehead &
Joysey, 1967: 129, 149; not available, on Official Index
of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology,
ICZN, 1970b: 217 [Opinion 901])
Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1847: 258, pl. 113
fig. 2 [fig. 1 on plate] (type locality: Japan; lectotype:
RMNH 3661a, designated by Boeseman, 1947: 185; on
Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1970b:
217 [Opinion 901])
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
39
that at least two groups of populations could represent dis-
tinct species (North Pacific [Sulawesi, Philippines, East Asia]
and South Pacific-Indian Ocean [Polynesia, Guam, Sumatra,
western Indian Ocean]). Other populations were not exam-
ined. This means that two species could be recognised in
area, for which the valid names would possibly be A. mar-
morata (South Pacific–Indian Ocean) and A. manillensis
(North Pacific). This is based on geographic position of type
localities and should be confirmed by examination of pri-
mary types.
Anguilla obscura Günther, 1872
Anguilla obscura Günther, 1872b: 673 (type locality: Fiji
Islands: freshwater of Kanalhia [Kanathea]; holotype:
BMNH 1871.9.13.145, Ege, 1939: 185)
Anguilla marginipinnis Macleay, 1883b: 210 (type locality:
Australia: Queensland: Lillesmere Lagoons, Burdekin
River; syntypes: AMS A.17994 [1], A.17995 [1],
A.17997 [1], A.17998 [1], A.17999 [1], A.18001 [1], QM
I.3497 [1], Paxton et al., 1989: 123, Ege, 1939: 66, 185,
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Distribution notes. Freshwater record from Halmahera
(Ege, 1939: 217).
Nomenclatural notes. According to Paxton et al. (1989:
123), the type series of A. marginipinnis includes two spe-
cies: all syntypes are A. obscura, except AMS A.17998 which
is A. reinhartdii. A lectotype should be designated to defini-
tively include the name in the synonymy of one or the other
name.
Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner, 1867
Anguilla Reinhardtii Steindachner, 1867g: 15, figs. a–b (type
locality: Australia: Queensland: Fitzroy River,
Rockhapton; holotype: NMW 3307, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Distribution notes. See under Anguilla obscura for iden-
tity of A. marginipinnis. Freshwater records from Timor-
Leste (Larson et al., 2007: 132). See also under A. interioris.
Family MORINGUIDAE
Moringua Gray, 1831
Moringua Gray, 1831a [25 Jan.]: vol. 1, pl. 95 fig. 3 (type
species: Moringua linearis Gray, 1831a: pl. 95, by
monotypy; diagnosed in Gray, 1831b [Feb. ?]: 9). Gen-
der feminine.
Rataboura Gray, 1831a [25 Jan.]: vol. 1, pl. 95 fig. 4 (type
species: Rataboura hardwickii Gray, 1831a:
vol. 1 pl. 95,
by monotypy; diagnosed in Gray, 1831b [Feb. ?]: 9; si-
multaneous synonym of Moringua Gray, 1831a: vol. 1.
pl. 95 fig. 3, first reviser [Cantor, 1853: 228, 234] gave
precedence to Moringua). Gender feminine.
Pterurus Swainson, 1839: 196, 334 (subgenus of Anguilla
Garsault, 1764: pl. 661; type species: Anguilla maculata
Swainson, 1839: 334, by subsequent designation by
Swain, 1883: 283; junior homonym of Pterurus Rafi-
nesque-Schmaltz, 1810b: 43, 59). Gender masculine.
Pachyurus Swainson, 1839: 196, 335 (subgenus of Murae-
na Linnaeus, 1758: 244; type species: Moringua linearis
Gray, 1831a: pl. 95, by monotypy; junior homonym of
Pachyurus Agassiz, 1831: 125, 127; spelt Pachiurus
p. 196, first reviser [Eschmeyer, 1990: 288] retained Pa-
chyurus as correct original spelling). Gender masculine.
Ptyobranchus McClelland, 1844b: 199, 221 (type species:
Ptyobranchus arundinaceus McClelland, 1844b: 200,
221, by subsequent designation by Jordan, 1919a: 220).
Gender masculine.
Aphthalmichthys Kaup, 1856a: 68 (type species: Aphthalm-
ichthys javanicus Kaup, 1856a: 68, by monotypy; also
in Kaup, 1857: 105, as Apthalmichthys, an incorrect sub-
sequent spelling). Gender masculine.
Aphthalmoichthys Kaup, in Duméril, 1856: 200 (depending
which appeared first, either a nomen nudum or an incor-
rect subsequent spelling of Aphthalmichthys Kaup,
1856a: 68)
Pseudomoringua Bleeker, 1864c: 14 (replacement name for
Pachyurus Swainson, 1839: 196; also in Bleeker, 1864p:
114). Gender feminine.
Stilbiscus Jordan & Bollman, 1889: 549 (type species:
Stilbiscus edwardsi Jordan & Bollman, 1889: 549, by
original designation). Gender masculine.
Mayerina Silvester, 1916: 214 (type species Mayerina
mayeri Silvester, 1916: 214, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Anguillichthys Mowbray, in Breder, 1927: 10 (type species:
Anguillichthys bahamensis Mowbray, in Breder, 1927:
10, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Merinthichthys Howell Rivero, 1934: 343 (type species:
Merinthichthys sanchezi Howell Rivero, 1934: 343, by
original designation). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. The following species synonymies are
tentative and tentatively extracted from Castle (1968). The
paper is confusing and the conclusions are sometimes am-
biguous. Especially, and contrary to the statement in the
summary, it is not clear from the text how many species are
involved.
Moringua guthriana (McClelland, 1844)
Ptyobranchus arundinaceus McClelland, 1844b: 200, 204,
221, pl. 10 fig. 1 (type locality: India: Bengal; types:
LU; declared a nomen oblitum by Castle, 1968: 23)
Ptyobranchus guthrianus McClelland, 1844b: 201, 204, 222,
pl. 10 fig. 2 (type locality: India: Bengal; syntypes: SMF
910 [1], ? ZMB 4043 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010; simulta-
neous subjective synonym of Ptyobranchus arundina-
ceus McClelland, 1844b: 200, first reviser [Castle, 1968:
15] gave precedence to P. arundinaceus, but at the same
time declared P. arundinaceus a nomen oblitum)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
40
Moringua ferruginea Bliss, 1883: 57 (type locality: Mauri-
tius; holotype: MCZ 6156, Castle, 1968: 23)
Moringua cagayana Seale, 1910a: 493 (type locality: Phil-
ippines: Mindanao: sea near Cagayan; holotype: BSM
1621, lost)
? Moringua hawaiiensis Snyder, 1904: 517, pl. 3 fig. 6 (type
locality: U.S.A.: Hawaii: Honolulu reef; holotype:
USNM 50865, Smith, 1994: 13)
Aphthalmichthys intermedius Ogilby, 1907a: 9 (type local-
ity: North coast of Australia, probably Darwin; holotype:
MAMU, ? lost, Paxton et al., 1989: 111)
Nomenclatural notes. Ptyobranchus arundinaceus and P.
guthrianus are simultaneous synonyms. The first reviser
(Castle, 1968: 15) gave precedence to P. arundinaceus. Cas-
tle (1968: 23), after using continuously the name M. arun-
dinacea throughout the paper, treated it as a nomen oblitum
(which it apparently qualified) and used M. ferruginea in-
stead. But he placed (admittedly tentatively) P. guthrianus
in the same species and this therefore becomes the available
name for this species.
Moringua javanica (Kaup, 1856)
Aphthalmichthys javanicus Kaup, 1856a: 68 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java; syntypes: BMNH [1], RMNH 36807 [1]
or 3808 [1], Castle, 1968: 17, Eschmeyer, 2010; also in
Kaup, 1857: 105, pl. 14 fig. 71 [as Apthalmichthys javani-
cus])
Moringua microchir Bleeker, 1853
Moringua microchir Bleeker, 1853d: 124 (type locality: In-
donesia: Ambon / Sumatra: Cauer [44°44'S 103°15'E,
Randall & Greenfield, 2007: 305]; syntypes [2, 140–240
mm TL]: out of RMNH 7182 [1, Cauer], 7183 [many],
BMNH 1867.11.28.295 [1, Ambon], Castle, 1968: 16,
Eschmeyer, 2010; also in Bleeker, 1853p: 66)
Aphthalmichthys affinis Ogilby, 1907a: 9 (based on Aph-
thalmichthys abbreviatus of Jordan & Snyder, 1901b:
877; type locality: Japan: southern Ryukyu Islands:
Yaeyama; holotype: USNM ? or CAS ?)
Moringua raitaborua (Hamilton, 1822)
Muraena raitaborua Hamilton, 1822: 25, 364 (type locali-
ty: India: Ganges; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished
drawing is reproduced in Gray, 1831a: vol. 1, pl. 95 fig. 4)
Moringua linearis Gray, 1831a: vol. 1, pl. 95 fig. 3 (type
locality: India: Ganges; holotype: specimen on which
figure is based, lost; diagnosed in Gray, 1831b: 9)
Rataboura Hardwickii Gray, 1831a: vol. 1, pl. 95 fig. 4 (type
locality: India: Ganges; holotype: specimen on which
figure is based, lost; diagnosed in Gray, 1831b: 9)
Rataboura Hamiltonii Gray, 1831b: 9 (unnecessary replace-
ment name for Muraena raitaborua Hamilton, 1822: 25)
Anguilla maculatus Swainson, 1839: 334 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Muraena raitaborua Hamilton,
1822: 25)
Ptyobranchus erythreus McClelland, 1844b: 201, 223, pl. 9
fig. 3 (type locality: India: Bengal; syntypes: SMF 261
[1], 905 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Ptyobranchus multidentatus McClelland, 1844b: 201, 203,
223, pl. 9 fig. 4 (type locality: India: Bengal; types: LU;
spelt multidentata p. 201, 203, which is an incorrect origi-
nal spelling [does not agree in gender with generic name])
Ptyobranchus parvidentatus McClelland, 1844b: 202, 203,
223, pl. 9 fig. 5 (type locality: India: Bengal; types: LU;
spelt parvidentata p. 202, 203, which is an incorrect origi-
nal spelling [does not agree in gender with generic name])
Ptyobranchus gracilis McClelland, 1844b: 202, 204, 223,
pl. 9 fig. 6 (type locality: India: Bengal; syntypes: SMF
972 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Ptyobranchus Brevis McClelland, 1844b: 223 (type locali-
ty: not stated [probably India: Bengal]; types: LU)
Ptyobranchus medius McClelland, 1844b: 223 (nomen nu-
dum)
Moringua lumbricoidea Richardson, 1845b: 113, pl. 56 figs.
7–11 (type locality: not stated [China]; holotype: BMNH
uncat., Castle, 1968: 17)
? Moringua macrochir Bleeker, 1855f: 71 (type locality:
Indonesia; Batu; holotype: BMNH 1867.11.28.306,
Castle, 1968: 17)
Moringua lumbriciformis Kaup, 1856a: 70 (type locality:
India; holotype: BMNH uncat., Castle, 1968: 17, 29; also
in Kaup, 1857: 107)
? Aphthalmichthys macrocephalus Bleeker, 1863d: 165 (type
locality: Indonesia: Timor; holotype [464 mm TL]:
BMNH 1867.11.28.276, Castle, 1968: 17, 29)
? Moringua floresiana Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 340, fig.
167 (type locality: Indonesia: south coast of Flores; syn-
types: ZMA 112.615 [5], Nijssen et al., 1993: 213)
? Moringua robusta Herre, 1923: 185, pl. 7 (type locality:
Philippines: Negros: Oriental Negros: Dumaguete; ho-
lotype: BSM 9664, lost)
? Rataboura oculata Fowler, 1934c: 278, fig. 39 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Buru: Tifu Bay; holotype: USNM
92352, Smith, 1994: 14)
? Rataboura amphomelaena Fowler, 1938b: 190, fig. 25
(type locality: Christmas Island; holotype: ANSP 68356,
Castle, 1968: 22, Böhlke, 1984: 127)
? Aphthalmichthys Wui Fang, 1942a: 80 (type locality:
China: Fukien [Fujian]: Fou-Tchéou [Fuzhou]; holotype:
MNHN 1941-0121, Bauchot et al., 1993: 97)
Moringua latebrosa Schultz, in Schultz et al., 1953: 95, fig.
20a (type locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Kwandang; ho-
lotype: USNM 76772, Castle, 1968: 22, Smith, 1994: 13)
? Moringua penni Schultz, in Schultz et al., 1953: 96, fig.
20b (type locality: New Guinea: Milne Bay, freshwater
stream; holotype: USNM 130660, Castle, 1968: 22,
Smith, 1994: 13)
? Moringua semperviridens McCann, 1967: 211, fig. 1 (type
locality: Northern Cook Islands: Manihiki Atoll, south
end of Tauhunu Island; holotype: NZOI 20)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy partly follows Day (1875–
78) and obviously requires revision. Moringua macrochir
is listed as valid by Eschmeyer (2010) by erroneous refer-
ence to Dingerkus & Séret (1992b: 175) who in fact dealt
with M. microchir.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
41
Family MURAENIDAE
Taxonomic notes. Checklist: Smith (2012).
Echidna Forster, 1788
Echidna J. R. Forster, 1788: 81 (type species: Echidna for-
steri Walbaum, 1792: 695, by subsequent monotypy in
Walbaum, 1792: 695). Gender feminine.
Megaderus Rafinesque, 1815: 220 (unnecessary replacement
name for Echidna Forster, 1788: 81). Gender masculine.
Molarii Richardson, 1848a: 79 (not available; not intended
as a generic name)
Poecilophis Kaup, 1856a: 66 (type species: Gymnothorax
catenatus Bloch, 1795: 84, by subsequent designation
by Jordan & Evermann, 1896b: 402; also in Kaup, 1857:
98). Gender masculine.
Molarii [Molarius] Jordan & Evermann, 1896b: 402, Jor-
dan, 1919a: 223 (not available, listed in synonymy; Code
art. 11.6.1)
Leihala E. K. Jordan, 1925: 5 (type species: Poecilophis
tritor Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875: 287, by original desig-
nation). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy partly based on Böhlke &
Randall (2000: 216).
Nomenclatural notes. The name Molarii was not intended
as a generic name but to designate a type of teeth. Anyway,
the name would not be available as it is not in the nomina-
tive singular (Code art. 11.8). Jordan (1919a: 223) listed
"Molarii (Molarius)" and commented "(plural form only)"
potentially making Molarius available, but the name would
anyway be invalid as Jordan considered it to be a synonym
of Echidna.
The type species of Echidna Forster, 1788 is listed in
many different ways in different nomenclators, including
confusion between Johann Forster, his son Georg Forster
and Heinrich Lichtenstein who published J. Forster's manu-
script in 1844. The original description does not mention
species names. The first inclusion of species is sometimes
credited to Gmelin (1789: 1135). Gmelin merely described
Muraena echidna but did not mention the genus-group name
Echidna. The description ends with "Is it, as Forster says, a
distinct genus ?" As no genus-group name is mentioned it
cannot be used as the first inclusion. The first inclusion of a
species-group name and designation of a type species by
subsequent monotypy is by Walbaum (1792: 695). Walbaum
re-described the genus and included a single species,
Echidna forsteri, an unnecessary replacement name for
Muraena echidna Gmelin, 1789.
[Muraena Echidna Gmelin, 1789: 1135 (type locality: Palmerston Island;
types: NT)].
[Echidna Forsteri Walbaum, 1792. 695 (unnecessary replacement name
for Muraena echidna Gmelin, 1789: 1135)].
Echidna leucotaenia Schultz, 1943
Echidna leucotaenia Schultz, 1943: 22, pl. 3 (type locality: Phoe-
nix Islands: Enderbury Island reef, 3°08'30"S 171°05'34"W;
holotype: USNM 115949, Smith, 1994: 15)
Distribution notes. Freshwater record from Philippines
(Leyte) (pers. obs.).
Echidna rhodochila Bleeker, 1863
Echidna rhodochilus Bleeker, 1863g: 247 (type locality:
Indonesia: Rotti; holotype [338 mm TL]: BMNH
1867.11.28.277, Böhlke & Smith, 2002: 145)
Gymnothorax Bloch, 1795
Gymnothorax Bloch, 1795: 83 (type species: Gymnothorax
reticularis Bloch, 1795: 85, designated by ICZN, 1926a:
7 [Opinion 93]). Gender masculine.
Gymnothorax Cuvier, 1800: tab. 3 (nomen nudum; on Offi-
cial Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in
Zoology, ICZN, 1956b: 343 [Direction 56]). Gender
masculine.
Thaerodontis McClelland, 1844b: 154, 174, 187 (type spe-
cies: Thaerodontis reticulata McClelland, 1844b: 188,
by subsequent designation by Jordan & Evermann,
1896b: 392). Gender feminine.
Lycodontis McClelland, 1844b: 173, 185, 202 (type spe-
cies: Lycodontis literata McClelland, 1844b: 186, by
original designation; not a junior homonym of Lycodontis
McClelland, 1844b: 173, 185, 202, which is an incor-
rect original spelling of Strophidon McClelland, 1844:
203 [replaced in erratum, thus not used as valid and there-
fore not available, Code art. 11.5; see Böhlke, 1995:
460]). Gender feminine.
Siderea Kaup, 1856a: 58 (type species: Muraena siderea
Richardson, 1848a: 85, by absolute tautonymy; also in
Kaup, 1857: 70, as Sidera, an incorrect subsequent spell-
ing). Gender feminine.
Thyrsoidea Kaup, 1856a: 60 (type species: Muraena thyr-
soidea Richardson, 1845b [Oct.]: 111, by absolute tau-
tonymy [not Muraena thyrsoides Richardson, 1845a
[Apr.]: pl. 49 fig. 1, which is a different species (Böhlke,
1995: 463) and whose name differs by one letter (Code
art. 57.6)]; also in Kaup, 1857: 73). Gender feminine.
Polyuranodon Kaup, 1856a: 65 (type species: Polyuranodon
kuhli Kaup, 1856a: 65, by monotypy; also in Kaup, 1857:
96). Gender masculine.
Neomuraena Girard, 1858a: 171 (type species Neomuraena
nigromarginata Girard, 1858a: 171, by monotypy). Gen-
der feminine.
Priodonophis Kaup, 1859: 22 (type species: Gymnothorax
ocellatus Agassiz, 1829: 91, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine.
Taeniophis Kaup, 1860a: 1 (type species: Taeniophis west-
phali Kaup, 1860a: 1, by subsequent designation by Jor-
dan & Davis, 1891: 589). Gender masculine.
Pseudomuraena Johnson, 1862: 167 (type species: Pseudo-
muraena maderensis Johnson, 1862: 167, by monoty-
py). Gender feminine.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
42
Rabula Jordan & Davis, 1891: 589, 590 (subgenus of Gym-
nothorax Bloch, 1795: 83; type species: Rabula davisi
Fowler, 1912: 21 [footnote], by present fixation under
Code art. 70.3.2, misidentified as Muraena aquaedulcis
Cope, 1872: 474, in original designation by Jordan &
Davis, 1891: 589 [see McCosker & Rosenblatt, 1975:
422, fig. 2]). Gender feminine.
Ahynnodontophis Fowler, 1912: 25 (subgenus of Gymno-
thorax Bloch, 1795: 83; type species: Gymnothorax
stigmanotus Fowler, 1912: 26, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Verdithorax Whitley, 1931c: 311 (type species: Muraena
prasina Richardson, 1848a: 93, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Notorabula Whitley, 1934c: 154 (type species: Muraena cal-
lorhyncha Günther, 1870: 122, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Heteromyrus Pietschmann, 1935: 93 (type species: Hetero-
myrus atolli Pietschmann, 1935: 93, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Serranguilla Whitley & Phillipps, 1939: 228 (type species:
Gymnothorax prionodon Ogilby, 1895: 720, by original
designation). Gender feminine.
Chasmenchelys Fowler, 1944a: 270 (type species: Murae-
na panamensis Steindachner, 1876: 67, by original des-
ignation). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Böhlke & Randall
(2000: 226) and Smith (2012: 10). The record of Gymno-
thorax hepaticus from a creek on Andaman (Herre, 1939d:
330) seems to be a misidentification. The species is marine
and apparently restricted to the Red Sea and western Indian
Ocean (Randall & Golani, 1995: 859).
[Muraena hepatica Rüppell, 1830: 120 (type locality: Red Sea; holotype:
SMF 3554, Böhlke & Smith, 2002: 114)].
Gymnothorax fimbriatus (Bennett, 1832)
Muraena fimbriata Bennett, 1832: 168 (type locality: Mau-
ritius; holotype ?: BMNH 1856.2.15.16, Böhlke & Smith,
2002: 110)
Muraena bullata Richardson, 1848a: 86 (type locality: Sea
of Borneo; holotype: BMNH 2008.4.9.4, Böhlke &
Smith, 2002: 99, Smith, 2012: 15)
Muraena isingleenoïdes Bleeker, 1852s: 48 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Sibogha; lectotype: RMNH 7191,
designated by Böhlke & Smith, 2002: 116)
Muraenophis tigrina Kaup, 1856a: 61 (not available, name
published in synonymy)
Muraenophis leopardina Kaup, 1856a: 61 (not available,
name published in synonymy)
Muraenophis melanostigma Kaup, 1856a: 61 (not available,
name published in synonymy)
Enchelycore tamarae Prokoviev, 2005: 702, fig. 1 [p. 670
of translation] (type locality: India: Crusadan Island:
Mangapam coral reef; holotype ZIN 53422)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Smith (2012: 15).
Gymnothorax meleagris (Shaw, 1795)
Muraena Meleagris Shaw, 1795: 2 unnumb. pp., pl. 220
(type locality: Southern Ocean; holotype: BMNH
1977.4.22.2, Böhlke & Randall, 2000: 244)
Thyrsoidea chlorostigma Kaup, 1856a: 63 (type locality: Sey-
chelles
; holotype: MNHN 4427, Böhlke & Randall, 2000:
244, Bauchot et al., 1993: 102; also in Kaup, 1857: 89)
Gymnothorax leucostictus Jenkins, 1903: 425, fig. 5 (type
locality: Hawaii: coral reef at Honolulu; holotype: USNM
50681, Smith, 1994: 18, Böhlke & Smith, 2002: 121)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Böhlke & Randall
(2000: 244) and Smith (2012: 19). Gymnothorax buroensis
and G. eurostus have sometimes been misidentified as
G. meleagris. Hatooka (in Nakabo et al., 2002: 1453) con-
sidered that the holotype of Muraena meleagris is a speci-
men of the species presently called Gymnothorax eurostus
and that the oldest available name for the present species is
Gymnothorax chlorostigma. Because of ambiguous charac-
hers Smith (2012: 20) preferred to retain the current usage,
which is followed here. Freshwater record from Philippines
(Ambil) by Herre (1953a: 110).
[Thyrsoidea eurosta Abbott, 1860: 478 (type locality: Sandwich Islands
[Hawaii]; holotype: ANSP 984, Böhlke & Randall, 2000: 234].
[Muraena buroënsis Bleeker, 1857f: 79 (type locality: Indonesia: Buru:
Kajeli; holotype [307 mm TL, in fact 207]: RMNH 7197, Böhlke &
Randall, 2000: 230, Böhlke & Smith, 2002: 99].
Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Bleeker, 1853)
Muraena polyuranodon Bleeker, 1853p: 75 (type locality:
Indonesia: Ceram [Seram]; holotype [221 mm TL]: prob-
ably lost, Böhlke & Smith, 2002: 140; also in Bleeker,
1854a: 248)
Polyuranodon Kuhli Kaup, 1856a: 65 (unnecessary replace-
ment name for Muraena polyuranodon Bleeker, 1853p:
75; also in Kaup, 1857: 96, as P. kuhlii, an incorrect sub-
sequent spelling)
Uropterygius fijiensis Fowler & Bean, 1923: 9 (type locali-
ty: Fiji Islands: Lebukea; holotype: USNM 82774, Smith,
1994: 25, Böhlke & Smith, 2002: 111)
Muraena blematigrina Roberts, 1993b: 14 (not available,
manuscript name of Kuhl & van Hasselt)
Gymnothorax tile (Hamilton, 1822)
Muraenophis tile Hamilton, 1822: 18, 363 (type locality:
India: estuaries near Calcutta; types: NT; Hamilton's
unpublished drawing reproduced in McClelland, 1844b:
pl. 8 fig. 1 and Hora, 1929a: pl. 15 fig. 3)
Lycodontis literata McClelland, 1844b: 186, 202, 203, 215,
pl. 7 fig. 2 (type locality: India: Bengal: Calcutta mar-
ket; holotype: probably lost, Böhlke & Smith, 2002: 122;
Lycodontis changed into Strophidon in erratum p. 202)
Lycodontis punctata McClelland,
1844b: 187, 202, 203, 215,
pl. 7 fig. 3 (type locality: India: Bengal: vicinity of Calcutta;
syntypes: SMF 3497 [2], Böhlke & Smith, 2002: 142;
Lycodontis changed into Strophidon in erratum p. 202)
Strophidon maculata McClelland, 1844b: 203, 215, pl. 8
fig. 1 (unnecessary replacement name for Muraenophis
tile Hamilton, 1822: 18)
Muraena vermiculata Richardson, 1848a: 92 (type locality:
India; holotype: BMNH 2008.4.21.2, Böhlke & Smith,
2002: 154, Smith, 2012: 28)
Muraena gracilis Richardson, 1848a: 92 (type locality: In-
dia; lectotype: BMNH 2008.4.9.5 [largest of 2], desig-
nated by Böhlke & Smith, 2002: 113, Smith, 2012: 28)
Thyrsoidea microdon Kaup, 1856a: 62 (type locality: India:
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
43
Pondichéry harbour; holotype: MNHN B.2469, Bauchot
et al., 1993: 102, Böhlke & Smith, 2002: 126; also in
Kaup, 1857: 89, pl. 13 fig. 64)
Gymnothorax borneënsis Bleeker, 1863p: 169 (type locali-
ty: Borneo; holotype: RMNH 3797, Böhlke & Smith,
2002: 98)
Scuticaria Jordan & Snyder, 1901
Ichthyophis Lesson, 1828: 397 (type species: Ichthyophis
tigrinus Lesson, 1829c: pl. 12, by monotypy; junior hom-
onym of Ichthyophis Fitzinger, 1826: 36, 63, in Amphi-
bia; also in Lesson, 1829c: pl. 12). Gender masculine.
Scuticaria Jordan & Snyder, 1901b: 886 (type species: Ich-
thyophis tigrinus Lesson, 1829c: pl. 12, by original des-
ignation). Gender feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. "Muraenoblenna Kaup, 1856" some-
times listed as replacement name or synonym of Ichthyophis
(e.g. Eschmeyer, 2010) does not exist. Kaup (1856b: 66)
explicitly indicated it as a name created by La Cepède (1803:
652).
[Muraenoblenna La Cepède, 1803: 652 (type species: Muraenoblenna
olivacea La Cepède, 1803: 653, by monotypy). Gender feminine].
Scuticaria marmorata (La Cepède, 1803)
Gymnomuraena marmorata La Cepède, 1803: 649 (type
locality: Bismark Archipelago: New Britain; holotype:
specimen figured or described by Commerson, lost,
Böhlke & Smith, 2002: 161)
? Ichthyophis pantherinus Lesson, 1831: pl. 13 [15 June],
p. 131 [13 Oct.] (type locality: Caroline Islands: Oualan
[Strong Island]; holotype: lost, Böhlke & Smith, 2002:
162 [plate in June, text appeared in October, therefore
figured specimen is holotype]; not identifiable, Smith,
2012: 53)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy from Böhlke & Randall (2000:
270). Usually placed in Uropterygius (e.g. Smith, 2012: 37).
Generic position follows Loh et al. (2008: 140).
Strophidon McClelland, 1844
Strophidon McClelland, 1844b: 203, 214 (type species: Ly-
codontis longicaudata McClelland, 1844b: 187, by sub-
sequent designation by Jordan & Snyder, 1901b: 884;
designation of Muraena brummeri Bleeker, 1858l: 137
invalid because not originally included). Gender mas-
culine.
Lycodontis McClelland, 1844b: 173, 185, 202 (name used
in text, but replaced by Strophidon in erratum p. 202,
thus not used as valid and therefore not available, Code
art. 11.5 [Böhlke, 1995: 460]; since McClelland's
Lycodontis is not available, a later usage makes it avail-
able as Lycodontis Jordan & Evermann, 1896: 392 with
its own type species [Lycodontis literata McClelland,
1844b: 186] and junior subjective synonym of Gymno-
thorax Bloch, 1795: 83, q.v.). Gender feminine.
Evenchelys Jordan & Evermann, 1902: 327 (type species:
Muraena macrurus Bleeker, 1854x: 324, by original
designation). Gender feminine.
Rhabdura Ogilby, 1907a: 12 (type species: Muraena
macrurus Bleeker, 1854x: 324, by monotypy; objective
junior synonym of Evenchelys Jordan & Evermann,
1902: 327). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Böhlke (1993: 459,
461).
Strophidon sathete (Hamilton, 1822)
Muraenophis sathete Hamilton, 1822: 17, 363 (type locali-
ty: India: estuaries near Calcutta; types: NT; Hamilton's
unpublished drawing reproduced in McClelland, 1844b:
pl. 8 fig. 2 and Hora, 1929a: pl. 14 fig. 3)
Lycodontis longicaudata McClelland, 1844b: 187, 202, 203,
215, pl. 8 fig. 2 (type locality: India: Bengal; syntypes:
the specimen described and the specimen on which draw-
ing is based [drawing is unpublished drawing of Mu-
raenophis sathete Hamilton, 1822]; spelt longicandata
p. 215, an inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spell-
ing [Code art. 32.5.1]; Lycodontis changed into Strophi-
don in erratum p. 202 [note that Code art. 32.5.1.1 ap-
plies for spellings only, not for names])
Muraena macrurus Bleeker, 1854x: 324 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Anjer, in Strait of Sunda; holotype [2250
mm TL]: BMNH 1867.11.28.212, Böhlke & Smith, 2002:
123)
Thyrsoidea longissima Kaup, 1856a: 61 (type locality: In-
dia: Bombay; holotype: MNHN 2134 [1], Bauchot et al.,
1993: 102, Böhlke & Smith, 2002: 122; also in Kaup,
1857: 82 [based on 3 specimens])
Strophidon ui Tanaka, 1918: 52 (type locality: Japan:
Wakayama Pref.: Tanaba; holotype: ZUMT, lost, Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Family OPHICHTHIDAE
Taxonomic notes. Key to the genera of Ophichthidae:
Rosenblatt & McCosker, 1970. Synopsis: McCosker, 1977.
Allips McCosker, 1972
Allips McCosker, 1972: 116 (type species: Allips concolor
McCosker, 1972: 117, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Allips concolor McCosker, 1972
Allips concolor McCosker, 1972: 117, figs. 4–5 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Ranong Province: "Goh Phi (10°57'42"N
98°35'18"E [this is in Myanmar; should probably read
9°57'42"N 98°35'18"E]), north of Ban Parknam Ranong,
at mouth of Pakehan River [should probably be: Ko Phi
Island (9°57'42"N 98°35'18"E), north of Ban Pak Nam
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
44
Calamuraena Whitley, 1944: 261 (type species: Ophichthys
calamus Günther, 1870: 74, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Cirrhimuraena chinensis Kaup, 1856
Cirrhimuraena chinensis Kaup, 1856a: 51 (type locality:
not stated [China / Indonesia: Sulawesi: Macassar; Kaup,
1857: 28]; syntypes: RMNH, BMNH 1851.12.27.227–
228, Eschmeyer, 2010; also in Kaup, 1857: 27)
Lamnostoma Kaup, 1856
Lamnostoma Kaup, 1856a: 49 (type species: Lamnostoma
pictum Kaup, 1856a: 50, by subsequent designation,
apparently by Jordan, 1919a: 271; also in Kaup, 1857:
23). Gender neuter.
Anguisurus Kaup, 1856a: 50 (type species: Anguisurus
punctulatus Kaup, 1856a: 50, by monotypy; also in Kaup,
1857: 24, and Kaup, in Duméril, 1856: 199; simultaneous
subjective synonym of Lamnostoma Kaup, 1856a: 49,
first reviser not researched). Gender masculine.
Lamnostoma kampeni (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)
Brachysomophis kampeni Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 316,
figs. 150–151 (type locality: New Guinea: Humboldt Bay
near mouth of Mbai River; holotype: ZMA 101.351,
Nijssen et al., 1993: 213)
Distribution notes. Freshwater record from Philippines
(Luzon) by Herre (1924d: 108; 1950b: 152).
Lamnostoma mindora (Jordan & Richardson, 1908)
Coecula mindora Jordan & Richardson, 1908: 239, fig. 4
(type locality: Philippines: Mindoro [Baco River; Herre,
1953a: 95]; holotype: CAS-SU 20209, Böhlke, 1953:
49])
Distribution notes. Freshwater records in area from Timor
(Larson et al., 2007: 133) and Java (Rachmatika, 2003: 9).
Nomenclatural notes. Mindora is a noun in apposition, not
an adjective, and should not be spelt mindorum.
Lamnostoma orientale (McClelland, 1844)
Dalophis orientalis McClelland, 1844b: 213 (type locality:
India: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; types: material
on which is based Russell, 1803a: 26, pl. 37 [Mannti
Bukaro Paumu])
Lamnostoma pictum Kaup, 1856a: 50 (type locality: India:
Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam] / Dekkan; syntypes:
RMNH and material on which is based Russell, 1803a:
26, pl. 37 [Mannti Bukaro Paumu]; also in Kaup, 1857:
23, pl. 2 fig. 11)
Distribution notes. Inland records in estuaries in India (Day,
1878: 665). Known from India, Sri Lanka and New Guinea
(Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 321), last one requiring con-
firmation.
Lamnostoma polyophthalmum (Bleeker, 1853)
Dalophis polyophthalmus Bleeker, 1853f: 299 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Sumatra: Priaman, in sea; syntypes [2,
166–230 mm TL]: LU; also in Bleeker, 1853p: 69)
Anguisurus punctulatus Kaup, 1856a: 50 (type locality: Java;
Ranong, at mouth of Pakchan River]; holotype: CAS
13967)
Distribution notes. Included because collected at river
mouth in shallow water (0–1 m) in mangrove area. The co-
ordinates of the type locality are apparently erroneous and
the spelling of most place names seems dubious.
Bascanichthys Jordan & Davis, 1891
Bascanichthys Jordan & Davis, 1891: 621 (type species:
Coecula bascanium Jordan, 1884: 43, by original desig-
nation). Gender masculine.
Bascanichthys longipinnis (Kner & Steindachner, 1867)
Sphagebranchus longipinnis Kner & Steindachner, 1867:
390, pl. 5 fig. 14 (type locality: Samoa; holotype: BMNH
1866.12.27.10 [1, ex Museum Godefroy 2088], Esch-
meyer, 2010 [as syntype])
Leptenchelys tenuis Tortonese, 1964b: 30, fig. 4 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: New Guinea: [Vogelkop:] Andai; ho-
lotype: MSNG 39721A)
Distribution notes. Freshwater record from Hainan (Kuang,
1986: 35).
Brachysomophis Kaup, 1856
Brachysomophis Kaup, 1856a: 45 (type species: Brachyso-
mophis horridus Kaup, 1856a: 45, by monotypy; also in
Kaup, 1857: 9). Gender masculine.
Dendrophis Kaup, in Duméril, 1856: 199 (type species: Bra-
chysomophis horridus Kaup, 1856a: 45, by monotypy;
or nomen nudum if Duméril, 1856 appeared before Kaup,
1856a: 45). Gender masculine.
Achirophichthys Bleeker, 1864c: 35, 39 (type species: Achi-
rophichthys typus Bleeker, 1864c: 39, by original desig-
nation; also in Bleeker, 1864h: 41). Gender masculine.
Brachysomophis cirrocheilos (Bleeker, 1857)
Ophisurus cirrocheilos Bleeker, 1857e: 89 (type locality:
Indonesia: Ambon; syntypes [2, 1205–1240 mm TL]:
RMNH 7170 [1], BMNH 1867.11.28.213 [1], McCosker
& Randall, 2001: 8; spelt cirrhocheilos in index, p. 102,
first reviser [apparently Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 382]
retained cirrocheilos as correct original spelling)
Ophichthys cirrochilus Günther, 1870: 65 (unjustified emen-
dation of Ophisurus cirrocheilos Bleeker, 1857e: 89
[mentioned by Günther in synonymy but misspelt
cirrhocheilus])
Distribution notes. Present in area, but inland record is from
Mozambique (McCosker & Randall, 2001: 13).
Cirrhimuraena Kaup, 1856
Cirrhimuraena Kaup, 1856a: 51 (type species: Cirrhimu-
raena chinensis Kaup, 1856, by monotypy; also in Kaup,
1857: 27, and Kaup, in Duméril, 1856: 199). Gender
feminine.
Jenkinsiella Jordan & Evermann, 1905: 83 (type species:
Microdonophis macgregori Jenkins, 1903: 422, by orig-
inal designation). Gender feminine.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
45
syntypes: RMNH [5]; also in Kaup, 1857: 24, pl. 2 fig.
12)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Hatooka & Yoshino
(1998: 22). Inland record from Luzon (Philippines) (Herre,
1953: 97) and Japan (Hatooka & Yoshino, 1998: 22).
Nomenclatural note. Polyophthalmus is a compound ad-
jective and has to agree in gender with Lamnostoma.
Lamnostoma taylori (Herre, 1923)
Caecula taylori Herre, 1923: 183, pl. 6 fig. 2 (type locality:
Philippines: Luzon: Zambales Province: Cabatoan River
near Iba; holotype: BSM, lost)
Taxonomic notes. Hatooka & Yoshino (1998: 26) treated
C. taylori as synonym of L. mindora but it is valid accord-
ing to Chang & Tsai (2003: 78).
Muraenichthys Bleeker, 1853
Muraenichthys Bleeker, 1853h: 505 (type species: Murae-
na gymnopterus Bleeker, 1852s: 52, by monotypy; re-
peated in Bleeker, 1853p: 71, with spelling Muraenich-
thijs). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Species synonymies follow Castle &
McCosker (1999).
Muraenichthys gymnopterus Bleeker, 1852
Muraena gymnopterus Bleeker, 1852s: 52 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [215 mm
TL]: ? BMNH 1867.11.28.301 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010 [a
single specimen p. 52; second specimen p. 71, but p. 71
appeared later, see Bleeker, 1853p: 71]; also in Bleeker,
1853h: 506)
Muraenichthys microstomus Bleeker, 1864h: 39 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Makassar [Ujung Pandang];
holotype [355 mm TL]: ? BMNH 1867.11.28.311, Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Muraenichthys hattae Jordan & Snyder, 1901b: 862, fig. 12
(type locality: Japan: rock pool at Wakanoura; holotype:
CAS-SU 6473)
Muraenichthys malabonensis Herre, 1923
Muraenichthys malabonensis Herre, 1923: 157, pl. 2 fig. 1
(type locality: Philippines: Luzon: Rizal Province: pond
at Malabon; syntypes: BSM 839–842 [4], lost)
Distribution notes. Inland records from Hainan (Kuang,
1986: 32) and Philippines (Luzon).
Ophichthus Thunberg, 1787
Innominado Parra, 1787: 96, pl. 37 fig. 2 (non binominal,
vernacular, name not available)
Ophichthus Thunberg, 1789: 5, 9 (type species: Muraena
ophis Linnaeus, 1758: 244, by subsequent designation
by Bleeker, 1864c: 36; also in Thunberg, 1801: 3, 8).
Gender masculine.
Ophis Turton, 1807: 82, 87 (type species: Ophis maculata
Turton, 1807: 87, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Cogrus Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810a: 62 (type species:
Cogrus maculatus Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810a: 62, by
monotypy). Gender masculine.
Ophithorax McClelland, 1844b: 212 (type species: Murae-
na ophis Linnaeus, 1758: 244, by subsequent designa-
tion by Jordan, 1919a: 220; objective junior synonym of
Ophichthus Thunberg, 1789: 5, 9). Gender masculine.
Centrurophis Kaup, 1856a: 42 (type species: Ophichthys
cephalozona Bleeker, 1864c: 49; type was fixed as Ophi-
surus spadiceus Richardson, 1846a: 313, by subsequent
designation by Jordan & Evermann, 1896b: 381 but
Ophisurus spadiceus in Kaup, 1856a is misidentified
Ophichthys cephalozona Bleeker, 1864c: 49 [McCosk-
er, 1977: 79] and under Code art. 70.3.2, I fix here Oph-
ichthys cephalozona as type species of Centrurophis; also
in Kaup, 1857: 2, and Kaup, in Duméril, 1856: 198).
Gender masculine.
Poecilocephalus Kaup, 1856a: 43 (type species: Poeciloce-
phalus bonaparti Kaup, 1856a: 43, by monotypy; also
in Kaup, 1857: 5, and Kaup, in Duméril, 1856: 198).
Gender masculine.
Microdonophis Kaup, 1856a: 43 (type species: Microdono-
phis altipennis Kaup, 1856a: 43, by monotypy; also in
Kaup, 1857: 6, and Kaup, in Duméril, 1856: 198). Gen-
der masculine.
Coecilophis Kaup, 1856a: 44 (type species: Ophisurus
compar Richardson, 1848a: 105, by monotypy; also in
Kaup, 1857: 6, and Kaup, in Duméril, 1856: 198). Gen-
der masculine.
Herpetoichthys Kaup, 1856a: 44 (type species: Herpetoich-
thys ornatissimus Kaup, 1856a: 44, by subsequent des-
ignation by Jordan & Evermann, 1896b: 381; also in
Kaup, 1857: 7, and Kaup, in Duméril, 1856: 199). Gen-
der masculine.
Scytalophis Kaup, 1856a: 46 (type species: Scytalophis
magnioculis Kaup, 1856a: 46, by subsequent designa-
tion by Jordan & Evermann, 1896b: 381; also in Kaup,
1857: 13, and Kaup, in Duméril, 1856: 199). Gender
masculine.
Leptorhinophis Kaup, 1856a: 46 (type species: Ophisurus
gomesii Castelnau, 1855: 84, by subsequent designation
by Jordan & Evermann, 1896b: 381; also in Kaup, 1857:
14). Gender masculine.
Cryptopterus Kaup, 1859: 11 (type species: Cryptopterus
puncticeps Kaup, 1859: 11, by monotypy; not a junior
homonym of Kryptopterus Bleeker, 1857n: 472). Gen-
der masculine.
Uranichthys Poey, 1867: 256 (type species: Muraena hauan-
nensis Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 491, by subsequent
designation by Jordan & Davis, 1891: 624). Gender
masculine.
Paramyrus Günther, 1870: 51 (type species: Conger cylin-
droideus Ranzani, 1839: 81, by subsequent designation
by Jordan & Davis, 1891: 641). Gender masculine.
Oxyodontichthys Poey, 1880: 254 (type species: Ophichthys
macrurus Poey, 1867: 256, by subsequent designation
by Jordan & Evermann, 1896b: 381). Gender mascu-
line.
Omochelys Fowler, 1918: 3 (subgenus of Pisodonophis
Kaup, 1856a: 47; type species: Pisodonophis cruentifer
Goode & Bean, 1895: 147, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Syletor Jordan, 1919c: 343 (type species: Pisodonophis cru-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
46
entifer Goode & Bean, 1895: 147, by original designa-
tion; junior homonym of Syletor Tschitschérine, 1899:
78 in Coleoptera; objective junior synonym of Omochelys
Fowler, 1918: 3). Gender masculine.
Acanthenchelys Norman, 1922: 296 (type species: Acanth-
enchelys spinicauda Norman, 1922: 296, by subsequent
designation by Jordan, 1923: 133). Gender feminine.
Cryptopterenchelys Fowler, 1925: 1 (unnecessary replace-
ment name for Cryptopterus Kaup, 1859: 11). Gender
feminine.
Zonophichthus Whitley, 1930b: 250 (type species: Ophich-
thys cephalozona Bleeker, 1864c: 49, by original desig-
nation; objective junior synonym of Centrurophis Kaup,
1856a: 42). Gender masculine.
Giscenchelys Fowler, 1944a: 188 (subgenus of Ophichthus
Thunberg, 1789: 5; type species: Ophichthys zophochir
Jordan & Gilbert, 1882d: 347, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Syletophis Whitley, 1950a: 44 (replacement name for Syletor
Jordan, 1919c: 343). Gender masculine.
Antobrantia Pinto, 1970: 13 (type species: Antobrantia ribei-
roi Pinto, 1970: 13, by original designation). Gender
feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. The author of Ophichthus is usually
indicated as "Ahl, 1789". Ahl was a student of Thunberg.
As was customary at that time, Thunberg wrote the theses
to be defended by his students (Rookmaaker & Svanberg,
1994). Thunberg is sole author of the names and of the con-
ditions making them available. This applies to a number of
names described in other theses, for which Thunberg has
always been indicated as author (e.g. Plotosus lineatus).
Muraenopsis Kaup, 1856 is sometimes listed in the syn-
onym of Ophichthus. "Muraenopsis Lesueur" and "Murae-
nopsis ocellata Lesueur" in Kaup (1856a: 46) refer to Mu-
raenophis in Lesueur (1825b) and Muraenophis ocellata
Lesueur, 1825. Lesueur did not use the spelling Muraenop-
sis. Muraenopsis Kaup is an incorrect subsequent spelling
of Muraenophis La Cepède. This is also confirmed by the
usage of Muraenophis instead of Muraenopsis in same po-
sition in a similar list of genera in Kaup (in Duméril, 1856:
199).
Muraenophis La Cepède, 1803 is sometimes treated as
an incorrect subsequent spelling of Murenophis Cuvier, 1797
(e.g. by Eschmeyer, 2010). Cuvier is not mentioned by La
Cepède, and Murénophis is not used in a latinized form by
La Cepède, only as a French vernacular name. Therefore
Muraenophis La Cepède cannot be an incorrect subsequent
spelling of Murenophis Cuvier.
[Murenophis Cuvier, 1797: 329 (type species: Muraena helena Linnaeus,
1758: 244, by monotypy). Gender masculine].
[Muraenophis La Cepède, 1803: 627 (type species: Muraena helena Lin-
naeus, 1758: 244, by subsequent designation by Jordan & Evermann,
1896b: 400 [not an incorrect subsequent spelling of Murenophis Cu-
vier, 1797: 329 as there is no reference to Cuvier])].
[Muraenopsis Kaup, 1856a: 46 (incorrect subsequent spelling of
Muraenophis La Cepède, 1803: 627)].
Species inquirenda
Ophichthys celebicus var. sumatranus Machan, 1930a: 67
(type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: market in Padang;
syntypes: NMW 15867 [1], 15868 [1]; also in Machan,
1930b: 429, figs. 3–4)
Taxonomic notes. Apparently not mentioned in literature
since original description. Habitat unknown.
Ophichthus apicalis (Bennett, 1830)
Ophisurus apicalis Bennett, 1830: 692 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra; types: ? BMNH; not anonymous, see pp.
xi, 629)
Ophisurus spadiceus Richardson, 1846a: 313 (type locali-
ty: China: Canton; holotype: BMNH)
Ophisurus compar Richardson, 1848a: 105 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra; holotype: BMNH uncat., Eschmey-
er, 2010)
Ophisurus bangko Bleeker, 1853p: 67 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes [2, 340–360 mm
TL]: BMNH 1867.11.28.233 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Ophisurus Diepenhorsti Bleeker, 1860a: 85 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Priaman; syntypes [5, 260–430 mm
TL]: BMMH 1867.11.28.316 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Ophichthus macrochir (Bleeker, 1852)
Ophisurus macrochir Bleeker, 1852s: 26 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [145 mm from
snout tip to anus]: RMNH 7174, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Ophichthus polyophthalmus Bleeker, 1864
Ophichthys polyophthalmus Bleeker, 1864c: 47, pl. 186 fig. 3
(type locality: Indonesia: Ambon; holotype [381 mm TL]:
LU; secondary junior homonym of Dalophis polyoph-
thalmus Bleeker, 1853f: 299 when placed in Ophichthys
by Günther, 1870: 73; valid because substitute name
never used, Code art. 59.3; also in Bleeker, 1864h: 43)
Ophichthys bleekeri Volz, 1903b: 418 (replacement name
for Ophichthys polyophthalmus Bleeker, 1864c: 47)
Distribution notes. Freshwater record from Philippines
(Luzon) by Herre (1953a: 97).
Ophichthus rutidoderma (Bleeker, 1852)
Ophisurus rutidoderma Bleeker, 1852s: 30 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [940 mm
TL]: BMNH 1867.11.28.226, Hoese et al., 2006: 272)
Ophichthus rutidodermatoïdes Bleeker, 1852s: 31 (type lo-
cality: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [610 mm TL]:
BMNH 1867.11.28.292, Hoese et al., 2006: 272)
Ophisurus lumbricoïdes Bleeker, 1852s: 32 (type locality:
Java [see p. 6]; holotype [410 mm TL]: BMNH
1867.11.28.300, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Ophichthus derbyensis Whitley, 1941a: 14, fig. 10 (type
locality: N. W. Australia: Derby; holotype: AMS I.840,
Hoese et al., 2006: 272)
Pisodonophis Kaup, 1856
Pisodonophis Kaup, 1856a: 47 (type species: Ophisurus
cancrivorus Richardson, 1848a: 97, by subsequent des-
ignation by Bleeker, 1864c: 36). Gender masculine.
Pisoodonophis Kaup, 1857: 15 (incorrect subsequent spell-
ing of Pisodonophis Kaup, 1856a: 47)
Brachycheirophis Fowler, 1944a: 190 (type species: Piso-
donophis daspilotus Gilbert, in Jordan & Evermann,
1898: 2843, by original designation). Gender masculine.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
47
Pisodonophis boro (Hamilton, 1822)
Ophisurus boro Hamilton, 1822: 20, 363 (type locality: In-
dia: estuaries near Calcutta; syntypes; NT; Hamilton's
unpublished drawing reproduced in Gray, 1831a: vol. 1,
pl. 95 fig. 1; Richardson (1848a: 99) commented that
BMNH has a specimen which is probably the model of
Gray, 1831a: vol. 1, pl. 91 [95] fig. 1, which would be a
type but this requires confirmation)
Ophisurus harancha Hamilton, 1822: 21, 363 (type locali-
ty: India: estuaries near Calcutta; types: NT; Hamilton's
unpublished drawing reproduced in Gray, 1831a: vol. 1,
pl. 95 fig. 2; Richardson (1846a: 313) commented that
BMNH has a specimen given by Hamilton to Hardwick,
but this requires confirmation; simultaneous subjective
synonym of Ophisurus boro Hamilton, 1822: 20, first
reviser [Bleeker, 1853o: 78] gave precedence to O. boro)
Anguilla immaculata Swainson, 1839: 334 (available by
indication to Gray, 1831a: vol. 1, pl. 91 [95] fig. 1, which
is original figure of Ophisurus boro Hamilton, 1822; type
locality: India: estuaries near Calcutta; holotype: model
of Gray's figure, lost [but see under Ophisurus boro])
Anguilla acuminata Swainson, 1839: 334 (available by in-
dication to Gray, 1831a: vol. 1, pl. 91 [95] fig. 2, which
is original figure of Ophisurus harancha Hamilton, 1822;
type locality: India: estuaries near Calcutta; holotype:
model of Gray's figure, lost [but see under Ophisurus
harancha])
Ophisurus rostratus McClelland, 1844b: 184, 211 (based
on unpublished drawing of Hamilton; type locality: In-
dia: Bengal; holotype: specimen on which drawing is
based; junior primary homonym of Ophisurus rostratus
Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 242)
Ophisurus vermiformis McClelland, 1844b: 185, 204, 212,
pl. 12 fig. 2 (type locality: India: Bengal; syntypes: ? SMF
701 [2], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Ophisurus minimus McClelland, 1844b: 185, 204, 212, pl. 10
figs. 3–4 (type locality: India: Bengal; types: LU)
Ophisurus caudatus McClelland, 1844b: 185, 204, pl. 12
fig. 3 (type locality: India: Bengal [p. 183]; syntypes:
SMF 296 [4], Eschmeyer, 2010)
? Conger microstoma Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850: 205, pl. 9
fig. 3 (type locality: China: Macao; holotype: MNHN
B.2736, Bauchot et al., 1982: 69)
Ophisurus potamophilus Bleeker, 1853p: 68 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; holotype
[825 mm TL]: LU; also in Bleeker, 1854c: 458)
Pisodonophis assamensis Sen, 1985: 241, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: India: Lower Assam: Silchar District: Dolu River at
Barakhola; holotype: ZSI FF2159)
Pisodonophis cancrivorus (Richardson, 1848)
? Ophisurus nigripennis Liénard, in Bouton, 1843: 90 (type
locality: Ile Maurice [Mauritius]; holotype: LU [not pa-
ratypes; syntax makes it clear that 'ranges' in fact indi-
cate approximative counts of dorsal- and anal-fin rays];
if synonymy confirmed, must be declared a nomen
oblitum under Code art. 23.9.2)
Ophisurus cancrivorus Richardson, 1848a: 97, pl. 50 figs.
6–9 (type locality: Australia: Northern Territory: Port
Essington; holotype: LU)
Ophisurus sinensis Richardson, 1848a: 98 (type locality:
China: Canton; holotype: Cambridge Philosophical In-
stitution, Eschmeyer, 2010; simultaneous subjective syn-
onym of Ophisurus cancrivorus Richardson, 1848a: 97,
first reviser [Kaup, 1856a: 47] gave precedence to
O. cancrivorus)
Ophiurus baccidens Cantor, 1849: 1302, pl. 5 fig. 1 (type
locality: Singapore / Malaysia: Sea of Pinang; syntypes:
BMNH 1860.3.19.397 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Ophisurus Schaapii Bleeker, 1852s: 53 (type locality: In-
donesia: Banka [Bangka]: Pangkalpinang; holotype [760
mm TL]: LU; also in Bleeker, 1853b: 735)
Ophisurus brachysoma Bleeker, 1852s: 55 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sulawesi: Makassar [Ujung Pandang]; holo-
type [740 mm TL]: LU; also in Bleeker, 1853c: 776)
Pisoodonophis moluccensis Bleeker, 1864c: 72, pl. 193 fig. 2
(type locality: Indonesia: Ambon; holotype [525 mm TL]:
LU; also in Bleeker, 1865m: 214)
Myrophis chrysogaster Macleay, 1881d: 271 (type locality:
Australia: Port Darwin; holotype: AMS I.16267-001,
Hoese et al., 2006: 273; reprinted as Macleay, 1884a:
vol. 2: 207)
Ophichthus chilkensis Chaudhuri, 1916: 445, fig. 12 (type
locality: India: Orissa: Chilka Lake, Rambha Bay; holo-
type: ZSI F9177/1)
Ophichthys madagascariensis Fourmanoir, 1961: 102, fig.
16 (type locality: Madagascar: Iranza Island [Nosy Iranja;
13°36'S 47°49'E]; syntypes [5]: lost, McCosker, 2010: 2)
Pisodonophis hijala (Hamilton, 1822)
Ophisurus Hijala Hamilton, 1822: 20, 363, pl. 5 fig. 5 (type
locality: India: rivers of Bengal, both salt and fresh; types:
NT; Hamilton's drawing is reproduced in Hora, 1929a:
pl. 14 fig. 2)
Anguilla puncticulata Swainson, 1839: 334 (available by
indication to Hamilton, 1822: fig. 5 [Ophisurus hijala];
type locality: India: rivers of Bengal; holotype: model
of Hamilton's figure, lost)
Pisodonophis hypselopterus (Bleeker, 1851)
Ophiurus hypselopterus Bleeker, 1851j: 69 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin;
holotype [640 mm TL]: LU [not BMNH 1867.11.28.279
listed by Ji & Kim, 2011: 66, fig. 7c, which is too small])
Yirrkala Whitley, 1940
Yirrkala Whitley, 1940b: 410 (type species: Yirrkala chase-
lingi Whitley, 1940b: 410, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Pantonora Smith, 1965a: 719 (type species: Ophichthys
tenuis Günther, 1870: 88, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Yirrkala kaupii (Bleeker, 1858)
Sphagebranchus Kaupii Bleeker, 1858p: 3 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sulawesi: Manado Province: Klabat-diatas;
holotype [362 mm TL]: LU)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
48
Family MURAENESOCIDAE
Congresox Gill, 1890
Congresox Gill, 1890a: 234 (type species: Muraena talabon
Cuvier, 1829: 350, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Congresox talabon (Cuvier, 1829)
Muraena talabou Cuvier, 1829: 350 (available by indica-
tion to Russell, 1803a: n° 38; type locality: India: Viza-
gapatham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype: specimen on
which is based Russell, 1803a: 27, pl. 38 [Tala Bon];
spelling talabon is correct original spelling by virtue of
Code art. 33.3.1)
? Muraenesox lanceolata M'Clelland, 1844a: 409 (type lo-
cality: India: around Calcutta; syntypes: LU/NT ?; also
in McClelland, 1844b: 181, 210 [not pl. 6 fig. 3])
? Muraenesox exodon M'Clelland, 1844a: 409 (type locali-
ty: Burma: Arrakan; syntypes: LU/NT ?)
Muraenesox serradentata M'Clelland, 1844a: 409 (type lo-
cality: India: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype:
specimen on which is based Russell, 1803a: 27, pl. 38
[Tala Bon]; junior objective synonym of Muraena
talabon Cuvier, 1829: 350)
? Muraenesox exodentata McClelland, 1844b: 180, 203,
210, pl. 8 fig. 4 [not pl. 6 fig. 3] (type locality: "Bay of
Bengal near the islands on the Arrakan coast"; syntypes
[2]: LU; spelt exodontata p. 203, first reviser not re-
searched)
Nomenclatural notes. Cuvier (1829: 350) made the name
Muraena talabou available by indication to Russell (1803a:
n° 38), which is Tala Bon. This was probably an inadvertent
error and it was corrected by all subsequent users. I have
not seen a single use of talabou. Therefore, talabon is in
prevailing usage and is deemed to be the correct original
spelling under Code art. 33.3.1.
Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1852)
Conger talabonoïdes Bleeker, 1852s: 20 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [610 mm TL]: LU)
Muraenesox pristis Kaup, 1856a: 74 (type locality: Asia
[MNHN syntype: India: Malabar Coast; and M'Clelland's
material, see below]; syntypes: MNHN 8445 [1], Bauchot
et al., 1993: 118, RMNH [2] and material of Muraenesox
lanceolata M'Clelland, 1844a: 409, Muraenesox exodon
M'Clelland, 1844a: 409, Muraenesox serradentata
M'Clelland, 1844a: 409 and Muraenesox exodentata
McClelland, 1844b: 203 [Kaup also referred to Cantor,
1849: 1294: 98, who only referred to M'Clellands's de-
scription]; also in Kaup, 1857: 116)
Muraenesox McClelland, 1844
Muraenesox M'Clelland, 1844a: 408 (type species: Murae-
nesox tricuspidata M'Clelland, 1844a: 409, by subse-
quent designation by Jordan, 1919a: 220; spelt Murœ-
nesox pp. 394, 408, Murænesox p. 409; also in McClel-
land, 1844b: 210). Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. Bleeker (1864c: 19) designated "Mu-
raenesox bagio Kaup = Muraenesox hamiltoniae McClel-
land" as type species of Muraenesox. This designation is
not valid as these nominal species were not originally in-
cluded.
Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton, 1822)
Muraena bagio Hamilton, 1822: 24, 364 (type locality: In-
dia: estuaries of the Ganges; types: NT; Hamilton's un-
published drawing is reproduced in Hora, 1929a: pl. 14
fig. 1)
Muraenesox Hamiltonii McClelland, 1844b: 182, 203, 210,
pl. 8 fig. 3 (unnecessary replacement name for Muraena
bagio Hamilton, 1822; spelt hamiltoniae p. 203, first
reviser [Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 704] retained hamiltonii
as correct original spelling)
Conger moniliger Bleeker, 1864q: 124 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Muraenesox cinereus (Forskål, 1775)
Muraena cinerea Forskål, 1775: x, 22 (type locality: Red
Sea: Saudi Arabia: Djidda [Jeddah]; holotype: MZUC P
31250, Klausewitz & Nielsen, 1965: 13, pl. 1 fig. 1,
Nielsen, 1974: 53; spelt M. tota cinerea p. 22, first re-
viser [apparently Dor, 1984: 31] gave precedence to ci-
nerea)
Muraena arabica Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 488 (type lo-
cality: Red Sea: Saudi Arabia: Djidda [Jeddah]; types:
Bloch's material if any, and MZUC P 31250, holotype of
Muraena cinerea Forskål, 1775: x, 22)
Ophisurus rostratus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 242, pl. 51 fig. 1
(type locality: Bismark Archipelago: Rawak Island; ho-
lotype: MNHN A.8788, Bauchot et al., 1993: 118)
Conger longirostris Bennett, 1830: 692 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra; types: ? BMNH; not anonymous, see
pp. xi, 629)
Muraenesox tricuspidata M'Clelland
, 1844a: 409, pl. 24 fig. 1
(type locality: China: Chusan Island [Zhoushan Dao] &
Ningpo [Chekiang [Zhejiang]: Ningbo] / India: Bengal:
about Calcutta; syntypes: LU)
Muraenesox bengalensis McClelland, 1844b: 182 (type lo-
cality: India: Bengal; syntypes: LU)
Conger Hamo Temminck & Schlegel, 1847: 262, pl. 114
fig. 2 (type locality: southwest coast of Japan; lectotype:
RMNH 2029, designated by Boeseman, 1947: 189)
Congrus protervus Richardson, 1848a: 110 (type locality: un-
known; holotype: BMNH 2008.4.9.8, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Congrus angustidens Richardson, 1848a: 110 (type locali-
ty: China; holotype: BMNH, ? lost, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Congrus brevicuspis Richardson, 1848a: 111 (type locality:
unknown; holotype: BMNH 2008.4.21.4, Eschmeyer,
2010)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
49
? Conger oxyrhynchus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850: 203, pl. 9
fig. 2 (type locality: China: Macao; holotype: MNHN
8454, Bauchot et al., 1982: 69)
Conger singaporensis Bleeker, 1852b: 59 (nomen nudum)
Conger singaporensis Bleeker, 1852s: 21 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta] / Singapore; syntypes
[2, 335–390 mm TL]: LU)
Order CLUPEIFORMES
Family PRISTIGASTRIDAE
Nomenclatural notes. See Steyskal (1980: 172) for correct
spelling of the family-group name often spelt Pristigasteridae.
Ilisha Richardson, 1846
Platygaster Swainson, 1838: 278, 280 (subgenus of Clupea
Linnaeus, 1758: 317; type species: Clupea africana
Bloch,
1795: 45, by subsequent designation by Swain, 1883:
281; junior homonym of Platygaster Latreille, 1809: 31
in Hymenoptera and Platygaster Schilling, 1829: 37, 82,
226 in Hemiptera; Platygaster Zetterstedt, 1837: 34, in
Hemiptera, is a nomen nudum). Gender feminine.
Ilisha Richardson, 1846a: 306 (type species: Ilisha abnormis
Richardson, 1846a: 306, by subsequent designation,
possibly Jordan, 1919a: 227). Gender feminine.
Zunasia Jordan & Metz, 1913: 7 (type species: Pristigaster
chinensis Basilewsky, 1855: 243, by original designa-
tion). Gender feminine.
Pseudochirocentrodon Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920: 8 (type spe-
cies: Pseudochirocentrodon amazonicum Miranda-
Ribeiro, 1920: 8, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Euplatygaster Fowler, 1934c: 246 (subgenus of Ilisha Rich-
ardson, 1846a: 306; type species: Pellona brachysoma
Bleeker, 1851p: 440, by original designation). Gender
feminine.
Ilisha elongata (Bennett, 1830)
Alosa elongata Bennett, 1830 [Feb]: 691 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra; holotype: BMNH 1852.9.13.107,
Seshagiri Rao, 1976: 506, fig. 6; not anonymous, see
pp. xi, 629)
Clupea affinis Gray, 1830 [15 Jul]: vol. 1, pl. 96 fig. 2 (type
locality: Malaysia: Penang; holotype: specimen on which
figure is based)
Illisha abnormis Richardson, 1846a: 306 (type locality:
China: Chinese seas [area of Macao]; syntypes: BMNH
1964.11.6.4 [1], Whitehead, 1966: 30 and specimens on
Reeves drawings, reproduced in Whitehead, 1966: pl. 3
figs. 2–3)
Pellona Leschenaulti Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847b: 311 (type locality: India: Pondicherry; lec-
totype: MNHN 3435, by present designation [listed as
holotype by Whitehead, 1967: 118, Whitehead &
Bauchot, 1985: 22; original description partly based on
bibliographic sources, which refer to other species])
Pellona Grayana Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847b: 315 (unnecessary replacement name for Clupea
affinis Gray, 1830: vol. 1, pl. 96 fig. 2)
Pellona vimbella Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847b: 317 (type locality: China: Macao; holotype:
MNHN 5148, Whitehead, 1967: 120, Whitehead &
Bauchot, 1985: 23)
Pellona Schlegelii Bleeker, 1853n: 18 (type locality: Japan:
Bay of Simabarai; syntypes: specimens on which are
based Bürger's notes and drawing [material of Clupea
melastoma of Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 237, pl. 108
fig. 1]; also in Bleeker, 1854r: 418)
Pristigaster Chinensis Basilewsky, 1855: 243 (type locali-
ty: China: Gulf of Tschili and eastern sea; types: ? ZISP)
Pristigaster sinensis Sauvage, 1881c: 107 (type locality:
China: Swatow [Shantou]; holotype: MNHN A.2948,
Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 25)
Ilisha filigera (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847)
Pellona filigera Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847b: 322 (type locality: India: Bombay; holotype [Va-
lenciennes explicitly mentioned a single specimen]:
MNHN 3710, Whitehead, 1967: 117 [as lectotype],
Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 22)
Pellona xanthopterus Bleeker, 1851p: 439 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; holotype
[246 mm TL]: BMNH 1867.11.28.14, Whitehead et al.,
1966: 97; also in Bleeker, 1852j: 49)
Ilisha indica (Swainson, 1839)
Clupea Melastoma Schneider, 1801: 427 (type locality: In-
dian: near Coromandel; holotype: ZMB 3842, Paepke,
1999: 65, Whitehead, 1969b: 270, Seshagiri Rao, 1976:
507, fig. 10; declared a nomen oblitum by Whitehead,
1967: 11 [Code art. 23.12])
Platygaster verticalis Swainson, 1838: 278 (type locality:
India: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype: speci-
men on which is based Russell, 1803b: pl. 192
[Ditchoee]; declared a nomen oblitum by Whitehead,
1967: 11 [Code art. 23.12])
Platygaster Indicus Swainson, 1839: 294 (available by in-
dication to Russell, 1803b: pl. 192; type locality: India:
Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype: specimen on
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
50
which is based Russell, 1803b: pl. 192 [Ditchoee]; ob-
jective junior synonym of Platygaster verticalis Swain-
son, 1838: 278)
Pellona Ditchoa Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847b: 313 (based on Russell, 1803b: 74, pl. 192; type
locality: India: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; types:
material on which is based Russell, 1803b: 74, pl. 192
[Ditchoee]; objective junior synonym of Platygaster
verticalis Swainson, 1838: 278 and Platygaster indicus
Swainson, 1839: 294)
Pellona micropus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847b: 320 (type locality: India: Coromandel Coast; lec-
totype: MNHN 3711, designated by Whitehead, 1967:
116, Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 23)
Pellona brachysoma Bleeker, 1851p: 440 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [170 mm
TL]: BMNH 1867.11.28.16, Whitehead et al., 1966: 101;
also in Bleeker, 1852d: 22)
Ilisha kampeni (Weber & de Beaufort, 1913)
Pellona kampeni Weber & de Beaufort, 1913: 87 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta] / Borneo:
Kalimantan Timur: Balikpapan; syntypes: ZMA 112.594
[3], 112.595 [1], Nijssen et al., 1993: 213, Seshagiri Rao,
1976: 508)
Ilisha whiteheadi Seshagiri Rao, 1974: 861 (type locality:
India: Andhra Pradesh: Kakinada; holotype: BMNH
1975.9.24.36)
Ilisha macrogaster Bleeker, 1865
Ilisha macrogaster Bleeker, 1865g: 300 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Sambas; holotype [150 mm TL]:
BMNH 1867.11.28.20, Whitehead et al., 1966: 98,
Seshagiri Rao, 1976: 508, fig. 8)
Ilisha megaloptera (Swainson, 1838)
? Clupanodon motius Hamilton, 1822: 251, 383 (type lo-
cality: India: Brahmaputra River; types: NT; Hamilton's
unpublished figure reproduced in Gray, 1834: vol. 2,
pl. 91 figs. 3–4)
Platygaster macropthalma Swainson, 1838: 278 (available
by indication to Iangarloo in Russell, 1803b: pl. 191 [re-
produced in Whitehead, 1967: pl. 8a]; type locality: In-
dia: Visakhapatnam; neotype: BMNH 1972.5.12.25, des-
ignated by Seshagiri Rao, 1977: 73, fig. 1; declared a
nomen oblitum by Whitehead, 1967: 11, 115 [Code art.
23.12])
Platygaster megalopterus Swainson, 1839: 294 (available
by indication to Russell, 1803b: pl. 191 [Iangarloo; re-
produced in Whitehead, 1967: pl. 8a]; type locality:
Coromandel Coast [original type locality: India: Viza-
gapatham [Visakhapatnam]]; neotype: MNHN 3708, by
present designation; a compound adjective)
? Platygaster parva Swainson, 1839: 294 (available by in-
dication to Gray, 1834: vol. 2, pl. 91 figs. 3–4 which is
Hamilton's unpublished figure of Clupanodon motius
Hamilton, 1822: 251; type locality: India: Brahmaputra
River; holotype: model of Hamilton's figure, lost)
Pellona Dussumieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847b: 316, pl. 596 (type locality: India: Coroman-
del Coast; lectotype: MNHN 3708, designated by White-
head, 1967: 113, Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 21; jun-
ior objective synonym of Platygaster megalopterus
Swainson, 1839: 294)
Pellona Russellii Bleeker, 1852b: 72 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta], Samarang, Surabaya,
Pasuruan / Madura: Kammal, Tandjong / Singapore; lec-
totype: BMNH 1867.11.28.13, designated by Whitehead
et al., 1966: 102; also in Bleeker, 1852d: 23 [based on 3
specimens])
? Ilisha bleekeri Bertin, 1941: 24 (based on Ilisha novacula
of Bleeker, "1866" [Bleeker, 1870a: pl. 269, 1872a: 120],
of Günther, 1868a: 458 and of Weber & de Beaufort,
1913: 92 [all based on the same specimen]; type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype: ? BMNH
1867.11.28.19)
Nomenclatural notes. Whitehead & Bauchot (1985: 22)
listed MNHN 3708 as neotype of Clupea megalopterus
Swainson, 1839 and stated that it had been designated by
Whitehead (1967: 113, 114). In fact, Whitehead merely stat-
ed that "it is recommended as a suitable neotype". Seshagiri
Rao (1973: 737, 1976: 508) also ambiguously refers to this
specimen as neotype. Both Whitehead and Seshagiri Rao
discussed the nomenclatural problems surrounding the iden-
tity of Platygaster megalopterus and Pellona dussumieri,
showing that the problem cannot be solved without a neo-
type designation; but they did not explicitly designate a neo-
type. In order to clarify this taxonomic problem [Code art.
75.3.1] I designate here MNHN 3708 (lectotype of Pellona
dussumieri) as neotype of Platygaster megalopterus; this
specimen is described by Whitehead (1967: 113) [art. 75.3.3,
75.3.7] and is from the Coromandel Coast, on which the
original type locality Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam] is lo-
cated [art. 75.3.6]. Ilisha megalopterus is diagnosed by
Whitehead (1985: 270) [art. 75.3.2] and both the diagnosis
and the characters of the neotype agree with the informa-
tion that can be extracted from the plate on which the nom-
inal species was originally based [art. 73.3.5]; the specimen
on which this plate is based has not been preserved [art.
75.3.4]). Clupanodon motius should probably be declared a
nomen oblitum under Code art. 23.9 but I have not researched
possible usages after 1899.
The description of Pellona russellii was based on 3 speci-
mens and was included in Bleeker (1852d: 23). Later,
Bleeker received 2 more specimens and wrote a second de-
scription. But this second description appeared first (Bleeker,
1852b: 72) and the 5 included specimens are syntypes.
Bertin's (1924: 24) description of I. bleekeri, based on
the single specimen identified by Bleeker (1870a: pl. 269,
1872a: 120) as I. novacula seems to have remained unno-
ticed by most authors. Bleeker's figure and description have
similarities with I. megaloptera as figured by Whitehead
(1985: 270). The holotype seems to be BMNH 1867.11.28.19.
Ilisha novacula (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847)
Pellona novacula Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847b: 319 (type locality: Burma: Rangoon; holotype:
MNHN 3704, Whitehead, 1967: 121, Whitehead &
Bauchot, 1985: 23)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
51
Pellona sladeni Day, 1870c: 623 (type locality: Burma:
Irrawaddy River at Mandalay; lectotype: ZSI 2672, des-
ignated by Talwar & Whitehead, 1971: 75, figured by
Seshagiri Rao, 1976: 505, fig. 3)
Ilisha pristigastroides (Bleeker, 1852)
Pellona pristigastroïdes Bleeker, 1852d: 20 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [185 mm
TL]: BMNH 1867.11.28.12, Whitehead et al., 1966: 94,
Seshagiri Rao, 1976: 503, fig. 4)
Pellona amblyuropterus Bleeker, 1852d: 21 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [340 mm
TL]: RMNH 7120, Whitehead et al., 1966: 94; simulta-
neous subjective synonym of Pellona pristigastroides
Bleeker, 1852d: 20, first reviser [Whitehead et al., 1966:
94] gave precedence to P. pristigastroides)
Ilisha sirishai Seshagiri Rao, 1975
Ilisha sirishai Seshagiri Rao, 1975: 464, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: India: Visakhapatnam; holotype: BMNH 1975.9.24.48)
Opisthopterus Gill, 1861
Opisthopterus Gill, 1861b: 38 (type species: Pristigaster
tartoor Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b:
328, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Opisthopterus tardoore (Cuvier, 1829)
Pristigaster tardoore Cuvier, 1829: 321 (available by indi-
cation to Russell, 1803b: n° 193 [p. 74, pl. 193; Tartoore;
reproduced in Whitehead, 1967: pl. 9a]; type locality:
India: Pondicherry [original type locality: India: Viza-
gapatham [Visakhapatnam]]; neotype: MNHN 1688,
designated by Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 25 [refer-
ence to discussion of this specimen as possible neotype
in Whitehead, 1967: 122 is considered to satisfy all re-
quirements of Code art. 75.3])
Pristogaster elongata Swainson, 1838: 278 (available by
indication to Russell, 1803b: Tartoore [p. 74: pl. 193];
type locality: India: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam];
types: material on which is based Tartoore of Russell,
1803b: 74, pl. 193 [erroneously as pl. 192 fig. 2])
Clupea Indicus Swainson, 1839: 294 (available by indica-
tion to Russell, 1803b: pl. 193; type locality: India: Viza-
gapatham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype: specimen on
which is based Russell, 1803b: pl. 193 [Tartoore])
Pristigaster tartoor Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847b: 328 (type locality: India: Pondicherry; lec-
totype: MNHN 1688, designated by Eschmeyer et al.,
1998: 1653)
Opisthopterus macrognathus Bleeker, 1865g: 299 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Jakarta: Batavia [Jakarta] / Sumatra:
Benkulen, Padang and Priaman / Borneo: Sinkawang and
Sampit / Singapore; lectotype: RMNH 7125 [1], desig-
nated by Whitehead et al., 1966: 104)
Opisthopterus tartur Zugmayer, 1913: 9 (incorrect subse-
quent spelling of Pristigaster tardoore Cuvier, 1829: 321)
Opisthopterus valenciennesi Bleeker, 1872
Opisthopterus Valenciennesi Bleeker, 1872a: 124 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta] / Singapore;
lectotype: BMNH 1865.9.24.1, designated by Whitehead
et al., 1966: 106)
Pellona Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847
Pellona Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b: 300
(type species: Pellona orbignyana Valenciennes, in Cu-
vier & Valenciennes, 1847b: 302, by subsequent desig-
nation by Gill, 1861b: 38). Gender feminine.
Neosteus Norman, 1923a: 17 (type species: Pellona ditchela
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b: 314,
by subsequent designation by Norman, 1924: 25). Gen-
der masculine.
Pellona ditchela Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847
Pellona ditchela Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847b: 314 (based on Russell, 1803b: 72, pl. 188; type
locality: India: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; holo-
type: specimen on which is based Russell, 1803b: 72,
pl.
188 [Ditchelee; reproduced in Whitehead, 1967: pl. 7b])
Pellona Hoevenii Bleeker, 1852d: 21 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [140 mm TL]:
lost, Whitehead et al., 1966: 91 [no neotype designated,
only a 'putative neotype']; also in Bleeker, 1853a: 712
[with additional material and localities])
Pellona natalensis Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908: 202 (type
locality: South Africa: South Head Tugela River; holo-
type: SAM 9934, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Raconda Gray, 1831
Raconda Gray, 1831b: 9 (type species: Raconda russeliana
Gray, 1831b: 9, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Apterygia Gray, 1835: vol. 2, pl. 92 fig. 1 (type species:
Apterygia ramcarata Gray, 1835: pl. 92, by monotypy).
Gender feminine.
Raconda russeliana Gray, 1831
Raconda Russeliana Gray, 1831b: 9 (type locality: India:
Saugar Roads [Sanger Rocks]; syntypes [2]: out of
BMNH 1979.7.5.18 [1], 1979.7.5.19–20 [2], Eschmey-
er, 2010 [russeliana apparently is not an inadvertent er-
ror but is based on the stem russel-])
Apterygia ramcarata Gray, 1835: vol. 2, pl. 92, fig. 1 (type
locality: India: Sanger Rocks; holotype: specimen on
which figure is based, part of BMNH 1979.7.5.18 [1],
1979.7.5.19–20 [2], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Apterygia Hamiltoni Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847b: 333 (apparently a lapsus for Apterygia ram-
carata Gray, 1835: pl. 92; treated as an unnecessary re-
placement name)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
52
ment name for Clupanodon La Cepède, 1803: 468; q.v.).
Thryssa Cuvier, 1829 is an incorrect subsequent spelling of
Thrissa Cuvier, 1816. In the respective editions of the same
work, the two names were used in similar positions in the
text, with the same characters, and the same included spe-
cies (listed in footnote). There is no statement that the change
is intentional; therefore it is an incorrect subsequent spell-
ing (Code art. 33.1, 33.3) and Thryssa cannot be used as a
substitute name.
The incorrect spelling Thryssa Cuvier, 1829 has long
been used erroneously as a valid generic name, which has
to be replaced (see discussion under Thrissina). If Thryssa
Cuvier, 1829 were considered to be emendation of Thrissa
Cuvier, 1816, it still could not be use for Thrissina. Also,
because it would have the same type species as Thrissa, it
would replace Coilia, creating more confusion.
The use of Osteoglossum by Basilewsky (1855: 244) is
not a new name (contra Eschmeyer, 2010). For many gen-
era (Carassius, Labrax, etc.) Basilewsky did not mention
author names and this does not make them new names.
Coilia borneensis Bleeker, 1852
Coilia borneënsis Bleeker, 1851j: 60 (nomen nudum), 1851l:
197 (nomen nudum); 1851p: 421 (nomen nudum)
Coilia borneënsis Bleeker, 1852d: 45 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; syn-
types [4, 90–120]: part of BMNH 1867.11.28.78 [1],
RMNH 7075 [7], 8040 [1], Whitehead et al., 1966: 139;
also in Bleeker, 1852o: 437)
? Coilia polyfilis Volz, 1903a: 559 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Sumatra: Palembang: Banju Asin; holotype: NMBE
1020304; also in Volz, 1903b: 408)
Coilia coomansi Hardenberg, 1934
Coilia coomansi Hardenberg, 1934a: 294 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: lower course of
Kapuas River; syntypes [13]: LU)
Coilia dussumieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1848
Coilia Dussumieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1848: 81, pl. 610 (type locality: India: Bombay; lecto-
type: MNHN 3749, designated by Whitehead, 1967: 154,
Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 30)
Leptonurus chrysostigma Bleeker, 1849e: 14 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Madura Strait near Kammal and Sura-
baya; lectotype: RMNH 7033, designated by Whitehead
et al., 1966: 145)
Coilia quadrifilis Günther, 1868a: 403 (type locality: not
stated [Malaysia: sea and estuaries of Pinang, Malay
Peninsula and Singapore; localities of Coilia reynaldi of
Cantor, 1849: 1292]; syntypes: BMNH 1979.7.5.30–31
[2], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Demicoilia margaritifera Jordan & Seale, 1926: 363 (type
Family ENGRAULIDIDAE
Nomenclatural notes. See Steyskal (1980: 170) for correct
spelling of the family-group name commonly spelt Engrau-
lidae.
Distribution notes. Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley, 1940)
is recorded from Sikao estuary (Trang, Thailand) (Tongnunui
et al., 2012a–b) but it is not clear if it was inland or at sea.
[Encrasicholina Fowler, 1938b: 156 (type species: Encrasicholina punctifer
Fowler, 1938b: 157, by original designation). Gender feminine].
[Amentum devisi Whitley, 1940b: 404, fig. 11 (type locality: Australia:
Queensland: Cape York [Norman River mouth; Hoese et al., 2006:
311]; holotype: AMS IB.609 [ex AMS I.377], Hoese et al., 2006: 311)].
Coilia Gray, 1830
Mystus La Cepède, 1803: 466 (type species: Mystus clupeo-
ides La Cepède, 1803: 467, by monotypy; junior hom-
onym of Mystus Scopoli, 1777: 451). Gender masculine.
Thrissa Cuvier, 1816a: 176 (type species: Clupea mystus
Linnaeus, 1758: 319, by subsequent designation by Bory
de Saint-Vincent, 1823b: 231 [reproduced in Whitehead,
1967: 141]; junior homonym of Thrissa Rafinesque,
1815: 88). Gender feminine.
Thryssa Cuvier, 1829: 323 (incorrect subsequent spelling
for Thrissa Cuvier, 1816a: 176)
Coilia Gray, 1830: vol. 1, pl. 85 fig. 3 (subgenus of Engraulis
Cuvier, 1816a: 174; type species: Engraulis hamiltonii
Gray, 1830: pl. 85, by monotypy; diagnosis in Gray,
1831b: 9). Gender feminine.
Thryssus Swainson, 1838: 279 (incorrect subsequent spell-
ing of Thryssa Cuvier, 1829: 323 [Cuvier mentioned in
footnote, p. 281])
Chaetomus M'Clelland, 1844a: 393, 405 (type species usu-
ally listed as Chaetomus playfairii M'Clelland, 1844a:
405, by subsequent designation; first designation not
researched, possibly by Jordan, 1919a: 220; usually spelt
Choetomus, but original spelling uses a ligature (Chœ-
tomus); M'Clelland consistently used the ligature œ
where æ was meant, e.g. p. 408 for Murœnesox, whose
etymology is explicitly stated to be derived from Muræna
and Esox; also, some typesetters and some fonts do not
make the difference between the two ligatures; Chaeto-
mus is derived from the Greek words χαιτε [chaeta, hairs]
and ωµος [omos, shoulder] [etymology given by
M'Clelland]). Gender masculine.
Leptonurus Bleeker, 1849e: 14 (type species: Leptonurus
chrysostigma Bleeker, 1849e: 14, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Thrissocles Jordan & Evermann, 1917: 98 (replacement
name for Thrissa Cuvier, 1816a: 176). Gender mascu-
line.
Demicoilia Jordan & Seale [misspelt Steele], 1925: 28 (type
species: Coilia quadragesimalis Valenciennes, in Cuvier
& Valenciennes, 1848: 83, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. Thrissa Cuvier, 1816 is a junior hom-
onym of Thrissa Rafinesque, 1815 (an unnecessary replace-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
53
locality: Sri Lanka: Colombo; holotype: MCZ 31533 [ex
MCZ 17975], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Coilia grayii Richardson, 1845
Coilia grayii Richardson, 1845a: pl. 54 figs. 1–2 (type lo-
cality: China Seas; holotype: BMNH 1855.9.19.1157,
Whitehead, 1966: 39, Whitehead, 1970a: 209; text in
Richardson, 1845b: 99)
Coilia lindmani Bleeker, 1857
Coilia Lindmani Bleeker, 1857a: 48 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Sumatra: Musi River in Palembang; holotype [176
mm TL]: BMNH 1867.11.28.76, Whitehead et al., 1966:
143)
Coilia macrognathus aequidentata Chabanaud, 1924: 59
(type locality: Vietnam: mouth of Saigon River; synty-
pes [6]: MNHN 1923-0202–0205 [4], Whitehead &
Bauchot, 1985: 30, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Coilia macrognathos Bleeker, 1852
Coïlia macrognathos Bleeker, 1852j: 50 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Pamangkat; lec-
totype: RMNH 7074, designated by Whitehead et al.,
1966: 141; also in Bleeker, 1852o: 436)
Coilia mystus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mystus ensiformis Linnaeus, 1754a: 26, fig. 12 (not avail-
able, name published before 1758)
Clupea mystus Linnaeus, 1758: 319 (type locality: 'Mari
Indico'; syntypes: UUZM 108 [1], NRM LP 74 [1],
Wheeler, 1991: 159, fig. 4, Fernholm & Wheeler, 1983:
210)
Mystus clupeoïdes La Cepède, 1803: 467 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Clupea mystus Linnaeus, 1758: 319)
Chaetomus Playfairii M'Clelland, 1844a: 405, pl. 24 fig. 3
(type locality: China; types: BMNH uncat., Eschmeyer,
2010)
Osteoglossum prionostoma Basilewsky, 1855: 244 (type
locality: China: Gulf of Tschili and eastern sea; types: ?
ZISP)
Coilia mystus jiulongjiangensis Liu, 1995: 562 (type local-
ity: China: Jiulongjiang River; types: LU)
Coilia neglecta Whitehead, 1968
Coilia neglecta Whitehead, 1968: 33, fig. 4 (type locality:
Arabian Sea at 21°23'N 69°46'E; holotype: USNM
213489, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Coilia ramcarati (Hamilton, 1822)
Mystus ramcarati Hamilton, 1822: 233, 382 (type locality:
India: saltwater estuaries of the Ganges; types: NT;
Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in Hora,
1929a: pl. 21 fig. 2; spelt ramcarate p. 382, first reviser
not researched, spelling ramcarate has apparently never
been used)
Engraulis Hamiltonii Gray, 1830: vol. 1, pl. 85, fig. 3 (type
locality: India; types: BMNH ?; diagnosis in Gray, 1831b:
9)
Chaetomus Hamiltonii M'Clelland, 1844a: 406 (type local-
ity: India: Bengal; types: ? ZSI; indication to Mystus
ramcarati Hamilton, 1822: 233, but not a replacement
name as text differs sligthly, suggesting that other mate-
rial has been examined by M'Clelland; secondary junior
homonym of Engraulis hamiltonii Gray, 1830: pl. 85,
when treated as valid in Coilia)
Coilia quadragesimalis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1848: 83 (type locality: India: Ganges delta; ho-
lotype: MNHN 3734, Whitehead, 1967: 152, Whitehead
& Bauchot, 1985: 31)
Coilia cantoris Bleeker, 1853o: 148, pl. 6 fig. 2 (type local-
ity: India: Hooghly River in Calcutta; holotype [105 mm
TL]: BMNH 1867.11.28.266, Whitehead et al., 1966:
136)
Coilia rebentischii Bleeker, 1858
Coilia Rebentischii Bleeker, 1858o: 5 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Singkawang; holotype
[125 mm TL, error]: BMNH 1867.11.28.74, Whitehead
et al., 1966: 138)
Coilia rutherfurdi Fowler, 1939a: 1, fig. 1 (type locality:
Vietnam: Saigon; holotype: ANSP 68460)
Coilia reynaldi Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1848
Coilia Reynaldi Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1848: 81 (type locality: Burma: Irrawaddy River at
Rangoon; lectotype: MNHN 3733, designated by White-
head, 1967: 150, Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 31)
Coilia korua Dutt & Seshagiri Rao, 1972: 136, fig. (type
locality: India: Andhra Pradesh: Krishna District:
Gollapalem; holotype: Museum of Department of Zoo-
logy, A. U. Post-graduate Centre, Guntur or BMNH,
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Coilia whiteheadi Talwar & Jhingran, 1991. 131 (not avail-
able, name listed in synonymy)
Lycothrissa Günther, 1868
Lycothrissa Günther, 1868a: 385, 399 (subgenus of
Engraulis Cuvier, 1816a: 174; type species: Engraulis
crocodilus Bleeker, 1850i: 15, by monotypy). Gender
feminine.
Odontengraulis Whitehead, Boeseman & Wheeler, 1966:
12 (not available, name listed in synonymy)
Lycothrissa crocodilus (Bleeker, 1850)
Engraulis crocodilus Bleeker, 1850i: 15 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; ho-
lotype [176 mm TL]: RMNH 7015, Whitehead et al.,
1966: 134; also in Bleeker, 1852d: 35)
Setipinna Swainson, 1839
Setipinna Swainson, 1839: 186, 292 (subgenus of Elops
Linné, 1766: 518; type species: Elops megalura
Swainson, 1839: 292, by subsequent designation by
Swain, 1883: 280; spelt Setifinna p. 447, an inadvertent
error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]).
Gender feminine.
Telara Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848: 54
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
54
(type species: Clupea telara Hamilton, 1822: 241, by
absolute tautonymy). Gender feminine.
Heterothrissa Günther, 1868a: 385, 401 (subgenus of
Engraulis Cuvier, 1816a: 174; type species: Engraulis
breviceps Cantor, 1849: 1288, by monotypy). Gender
feminine.
Pseudosetipinna Peng & Zhao, 1988: 355 (type species:
Pseudosetipinna haizhouensis Peng & Zhao, 1988: 355,
by original designation). Gender feminine.
Setipinna breviceps (Cantor, 1849)
Engraulis breviceps Cantor, 1849: 1288 (type locality: Ma-
laysia: Sea of Pinang; holotype: BMNH 1860.3.19.448,
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Engraulis Pfeifferi Bleeker, 1852o: 433 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas River in
Pontianak; holotype [225 mm TL]: RMNH 7077, White-
head et al., 1966: 132; incorrect original spelling, must
be emended to pfeifferae, Code art. 31.1.2)
Setipinna melanochir (Bleeker, 1849)
Engraulis melanochir Bleeker, 1849e: 13 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Madura Strait near Kammal and
Surabaja; syntypes [up to 225 mm TL]: part of RMNH
7079 [1], 24967 [11], ? NMV 46627–46629 [3], White-
head et al., 1966: 130, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Setipinna taty (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1848)
Engraulis taty Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1848: 60 (type locality: India: Pondicherry; lectotype:
MNHN 3730, designated by Whitehead, 1967: 147,
Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 33)
Engraulis telaroides Bleeker, 1849e: 13 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Madura Strait near Sampang, Kammal &
Surabaya [syntypes were mixed and precise locality of
lectotype is not known]; lectotype: RMNH 7080, desig-
nated by Fricke, 1991: 14 [listed as putative neotype by
Whitehead et al., 1966: 128, pl. 16 fig. 3])
Setipinna tenuifilis (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1848)
Engraulis tenuifilis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1848: 62 (type locality: Burma: Irrawady River at
Rangoon; lectotype: MNHN 3731, designated by White-
head & Bauchot, 1985: 34)
Setipinna gilberti Jordan & Starks, 1905: 194, pl. 1 (type
locality: Korea: Chemulpo; holotype: USNM 37766)
Setipinna lighti Wu, 1929: 26, fig. 20 (type locality: China:
Amoy [Xiamen]; holotype: Mus. Zool. Univ. Amoy)
Setipinna godavari Babu Rao, 1962: 367 (type locality: In-
dia: Godavari estuary; syntypes: ZSI F 2607/2, Babu Rao
& Joglekar, 1967: 38)
Setipinna papuensis Munro, 1964: 150, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: Papua New Guinea: Gulf of Papua: off Port Romilly,
7°55'S 144°48'E; holotype: CSIRO C.3246)
Setipinna godavariensis Babu Rao & Joglekar, 1968: 38
(unjustified emendation of Setipinna godavari Babu Rao,
1962: 367)
Taxonomic notes. Setipinna lighti and S. gilberti are treated
as synonyms of S. taty by Zhang (2001: 133) and of S. tenui-
filis by Whitehead et al. (1988: 458). As Zhang's review of
Chinese clupeiforms includes almost no reference to non-
Chinese literature after 1940, and especially nowhere men-
tions any of the many papers by Whitehead (1966, 1967,
1969b, 1970a–b, Whitehead et al., 1966) revising earlier
type material and historical specimens, it is difficult to evalu-
ate this synonymy and I follow Whitehead et al (1988). Be-
sides, S. gilberti is treated as valid by Wang et al. (2001: 58).
Setipinna wheeleri Wongratana, 1983
Setipinna wheeleri Wongratana, 1983: 405, fig. 25 (type
locality: Burma: Sittang River; holotype: BMNH
1891.11.30.390)
Stolephorus La Cepède, 1803
Stolephorus La Cepède, 1803: 381 (type species: Stolephorus
commersonnii La Cepède, 1803: 382, designated by
ICZN, 1926: 5 [Opinion 93] [see Whitehead, 1967a:
135], ICZN, 1965: 218 [Opinion 749]). Gender mascu-
line.
Amentum Whitley, 1940b: 403 (type species: Stolephorus
commersonnii La Cepède, 1803: 382, by original desig-
nation; junior objective synonym of Stolephorus La
Cepède, 1803: 381). Gender neuter.
Distribution notes. Besides the species listed below, S.
andhraensis, S. apiensis and S. chinensis are recorded from
Sikao estuary (Trang, Thailand) (Tongnunui et al., 2012a–b)
but it is not clear whether they were observed inland or at sea.
[Stolephorus andhraensis Babu Rao, 1966: 103, pl. 3 (type locality: India:
Andhra Pradesh: Waltair; holotype: ZSI F4601/2)].
[Anchovia apiensis Jordan & Seale, 1906a: 187, fig. 3 (type locality: West-
ern Samoa: Apia [Upolu Island]; holotype: USNM 51720)].
[Engraulis chinensis Günther, 1880: 73 (based on Engraulis japonica of
Günther, 1868a: 390; type locality: China / China: Amoy; syntypes
[9]: BMNH)].
Stolephorus baganensis Delsman, 1931
Stolephorus baganensis Hardenberg, 1931a: 107 (nomen
nudum)
Stolephorus baganensis Delsman, 1931: 219, 234, 240, figs.
30–34, 53 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Rokan
mouth at Bagan si Api Api / Musi River / Java: Batavia
[Jakarta] and Cheribon / Borneo: Kalimantan Barat:
Kumai mouth; syntypes: LU)
Stolephorus baganensis megalops Delsman, 1931: 220, 234,
figs. 35–38 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Rokan
mouth at Bagan si Api Api; syntypes: LU)
Stolephorus baganensis Hardenberg, 1933b: 258 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: estuaries of Borneo, Sumatra and Java
[obviously several localities, of which only two are men-
tioned explicitly: Sumatra: Rokan mouth at Bagan si Api-
Api and Indragiri mouth]; syntypes: LU; also in
Hardenberg, 1933a: 250, 1934b: 333; junior homonym
and [objective?] synonym of Stolephorus baganensis
Delsman, 1931: 219)
Stolephorus baganensis macrops Hardenberg, 1933b: 260
(type locality: Indonesia: "several big rivermouths of
Sumatra" [only Indragiri mouth mentioned explicitly in
text]; syntypes: LU; also in Hardenberg, 1934b: 339)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
55
Anchoviella baganensis bengalensis Dutt & Babu Rao, 1959:
160 (type locality: India: East coast of India: Waltair and
Kakinada; syntypes [85]: LU)
Stolephorus commersonnii La Cepède, 1803
Stolephorus commersonnii La Cepède, 1803: 382, pl. 12 fig.
1 (type locality: Mauritius; holotype: specimen figured
by Jossigny in MNHN Bibliothèque Centrale, Vélins,
93: 74 bis, Whitehead, 1967: 137, pl. 9c, Whitehead &
Bauchot, 1985: 50)
Stolephorus rex Jordan & Seale, 1926: 380 (type locality:
India: Canara [Kerala: Cannanore, Malabar Coast]; ho-
lotype: MCZ 4318)
Nomenclatural notes. "Atherina Commersoniana Shaw,
1804", sometimes cited in the literature, does not exist. In
Shaw (1804) there is only a figure of "Commersonian athe-
rine" (pl. 113 fig. 1). There is neither text with an explicit
reference, nor caption for that figure. The text of "Transpar-
ent atherine", Atherina pinguis (p. 133) refers to La Cepède
(1803: 371). The figure shows an anchovy and there is no
mention of a "Commersonian anchovy". There is mention
(p. 176) of Clupea chrysoptera La Cepède, 1803: 461 [now
in Engraulididae] and Clupea fasciata La Cepède, 1803: 461
[now in Leiognathidae], both recorded as observed by Com-
merson.
Stolephorus dubiosus Wongratana, 1983
Stolephorus dubiosus Wongratana, 1983: 400, fig. 18 (type
locality: Thailand: Songkhla Lake; holotype: BMNH
1969.4.22.1826)
Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt, 1823)
Engraulis Indicus van Hasselt, 1823b: 329 [translated in
Alfred, 1961b: 83] (type locality: Indonesia: Java / In-
dia: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; syntypes: ? RMNH
and specimen on which is based Russell, 1803b: pl. 187
[Nattoo], reproduced in Alfred, 1961b: pl. 6 fig. 6; Kot-
telat, 1987a: 370)
Elops albus Swainson, 1839: 293 (available by indication
to Russell, 1803b: pl. 187; type locality: India: Vizaga-
patham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype: specimen on which
is based Russell, 1803b: pl. 187 [Nattoo]; junior syn-
onym of Engraulis Indicus van Hasselt, 1823b: 329])
Engraulis balinensis Bleeker, 1849e: 11 (type locality: In-
donesia: Bali: Boleling; syntypes [up to 82 mm TL]: ?
part of RMNH 23363 [29], Whitehead et al., 1966: 115)
Engraulis Russellii Bleeker, 1851q: 472 (nomen nudum;
locality: Indonesia: Riau)
Engraulis Russellii Bleeker, 1852d: 38 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta], Samarang / Bali: Boleling;
lectotype: RMNH 7076, designated by Whitehead et al.,
1966: 114)
Engraulis samam inan Montrouzier & Thiollière, in
Montrouzier, 1857: 486 (type locality: Woodlarck Island
[Moiou]; syntypes: lost; incorrect original spelling, must
be emended to samaminan, Code art. 32.5.2.2)
Anchovia scitula Fowler, 1911: 211, fig. 2 (type locality:
U.S.A.: California: San Diego [erroneous, in fact Indo-
Pacific; see Nelson, 1983b: 49]; holotype: ANSP 1576,
Böhlke, 1984: 101)
Stolephorus insularum Jordan & Seale, 1926: 381 (type lo-
cality: Tahiti; holotype: MCZ 17936)
Stolephorus extensus Jordan & Seale, 1926: 382 (type lo-
cality: Mauritius; holotype: MCZ 6133)
? Stolephorus indicus nanus Hardenberg, 1933b: 263 (type
locality: not stated [most likely coasts of western Indo-
nesia]; types: LU; also in Hardenberg, 1934b: 355)
Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933
Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933b: 260 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Java, Lingga Islands, Bawean, Kangean
Islands, Moluccas; syntypes: LU; not a junior homonym
of Stolephorus insularum Jordan & Seale, 1926: 381 as
insularis is a Latin adjective, which has to agree in gen-
der with generic name, and insular[i]um is a substan-
tive, which does not have to agree in gender, see Code
art. 57.6; also in Hardenberg, 1933a: 250)
Stolephorus insularis baweanensis Hardenberg, 1933b: 261
(type locality: Indonesia: Bawean [and other localities,
but no information in paper]; syntypes: LU; also in
Hardenberg, 1934b: 348)
Stolephorus insularis oceanicus Hardenberg, 1933b: 261
(type locality: Indonesia: southern coast of Java [and
other localities, but no information in paper]; types: LU;
also in Hardenberg, 1934b: 350)
Stolephorus tri (Bleeker, 1852)
Engraulis tri Bleeker, 1852d: 40 (type locality: Indonesia:
Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; lectotype: RMNH 2222, desig-
nated by Whitehead et al., 1966: 113; also in Bleeker,
1852o: 435 [with 3 additional specimens from Borneo:
Sampit])
Thrissina Swainson, 1838
Trichosoma Swainson, 1838: 281 (type species: Thrissa
hamiltonii Gray, 1835: vol. 2, pl. 92 fig. 3, by monotypy;
junior homonym of Trichosoma Rudolphi, 1819: 13 in
Vermes and Trichosoma Rambur, 1832: 272 in Lepi-
doptera). Gender neuter.
Thrissina Jordan & Seale [misspelt Steele], 1925: 30 (type
species: Clupea baelama Forskål, 1775: xiii, 72, by origi-
nal designation). Gender feminine.
Xenengraulis Jordan & Seale [misspelt Steele], 1925: 29
(type: Xenengraulis spinidens Jordan & Seale [misspelt
Steele], 1925: 29, by original designation; simultaneous
synonym of Thrissina Jordan & Seale [misspelt Steele],
1925: 30; precedence given here to Thrissina). Gender
feminine.
Scutengraulis Jordan & Seale [misspelt Steele], 1925: 30
(type species: Thrissa hamiltonii Gray, 1835: vol. 2, pl.
92 fig. 3, by original designation; objective junior syn-
onym of Trichosoma Swainson, 1838: 281; simultaneous
synonym of Thrissina Jordan & Seale [misspelt Steele],
1925: 30; precedence given here to Thrissina; simulta-
neous synonym of Xenengraulis Jordan & Seale [mis-
spelt Steele], 1925: 29; precedence given here to Xenen-
graulis). Gender feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. Members of this genus have long
been called "Thryssa Cuvier, 1829: 323". As discussed un-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
56
der Coilia Gray, 1830, Thryssa of Cuvier, 1829: 323 is an
incorrect subsequent spelling of Thrissa Cuvier, 1816a: 176
and cannot be used.
The next available names for this genus are Xenengraulis,
Scutengraulis and Thrissina, all created by Jordan & Seale
(1925) and thus simultaneous synonyms. As first reviser, I
give precedence to Thrissina over Xenengraulis and Scuten-
graulis, and to Xenengraulis over Scutengraulis. Precedence
is given to Thrissina because this name had been recognised
as valid by various authors (e.g. Whitehead, 1967: 139).
Whitehead (1967: 140) discussed the nomenclatural
problems associated with Coilia and Thryssa, and the change
of names. He also commented that he would apply to the
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to
retain the name Thryssa for the present genus. This has not
been done and consequently the names used here follow the
provisions of the Code.
Thrissina baelama (Forskål, 1775)
Clupea baelama Forskål, 1775: 72 (type locality: Red Sea:
Saudi Arabia: Djidda [Jeddah]; syntypes: NT)
Clupea tuberculosa La Cepède, 1803: 460 (type locality:
Mauritius; types: not preserved, material on which Com-
merson's notes are based, see Whitehead & Bauchot,
1985: 46 [Fricke, 1999a: 78 comments that C. tubercu-
losa is based on same manuscript description as Stole-
phorus commersonnii La Cepède, 1803: 382, which is
not correct as C. tuberculosa is based on Commerson's
notes and S. commersonnii on a drawing by Jossigny,
see Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 46, 50])
Engraulis Neso-gallicus Bennett, 1832: 168 (type locality:
Mauritius; types: NT)
Engraulis saman Montrouzier & Thiollière, in Montrouzier,
1857: 487 (type locality: Woodlark Island [Moiou]; syn-
types: lost)
Engraulis polynemoides Günther, 1868a: 394 (type locali-
ty: Madagascar; holotype: BMNH uncat., Eschmeyer,
2010)
Anchovia evermanni Jordan & Seale, 1906a: 188, fig. 4 (type
locality: Samoa: Upolu Island: Apia; holotype: USNM
51720 or 51719 [1 of 2, figured specimen], Böhlke, 1953:
12, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Engraulis macrops Kishinouye, 1911: 385, pl. 30 fig. 3 (type
locality: Japan: Bonin Islands [Ogasawara Island]:
Habajima; syntypes: LU; spelt macropus on pl. 30, an
inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code
art. 32.5.1])
Nomenclatural notes. Fricke (2008: 16) referred to Code
art. 15.1 to consider Clupea baelama as invalid because
Forsskål was apparently uncertain whether or not this spe-
cies is distinct from Clupea encrasicolus Linnaeus, 1758.
Actually, art. 15.1 says the reverse, names proposed condi-
tionally before 1961 are "not to be excluded on that account
alone". Art. 15.1 also explicitly states that "A new name [...]
proposed conditionally [...] before 1961 may be available".
Thrissina dussumieri (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1848)
Engraulis dussumieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1848: 69 (type locality: Arabian Sea, 20°22'N
71°47'E [original type locality: not stated, probably In-
dia]; neotype: BMNH 1966.11.30.1, designated by
Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 48 [reference by White-
head & Bauchot (1985: 48) to the discussion of this speci-
men as 'putative' neotype in Whitehead (1967: 142) is
considered here to satisfy all requirements of Code art.
75.3; however, some may consider that the wording in
Whitehead & Bauchot (1985: 48) is not formal enough,
in which case I designate here BMNH 1966.11.30.1 as
neotype for the reasons explained by Whitehead (1967)])
Engraulis auratus Day, 1865b: 312 (type locality: India:
Cochin on Malabar Coast; lectotype: BMNH
1889.2.1.1779, designated by Talwar & Whitehead,
1971: 77; also in Day, 1865c: 238, pl. 19 fig. 2)
Thrissina encrasicholoides (Bleeker, 1852)
Engraulis encrasicholoïdes Bleeker, 1851m: 214 (nomen
nudum)
Engraulis encrasicholoïdes Bleeker, 1852d: 37 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta], Surabaya,
Kammal; lectotype: RMNH 3536, designated by White-
head et al., 1966: 117; also in Bleeker, 1852e: 173 [with
1 additional specimen from Timor Kupang])
Engraulis duodecim Cope, 1867a: 405 (type locality: U.S.A.:
New Jersey: Beasley's Point [erroneous, in fact Indo-
Pacific; see Nelson, 1983b: 50]; holotype: ANSP 1363,
Böhlke, 1984: 101)
Thrissina gautamiensis (Babu Rao, 1971)
Thryssa gautamiensis Babu Rao, 1970: 63 (nomen nudum)
Thryssa gautamiensis Babu Rao, 1971: 479, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: India: Andhra Pradesh: Gautami branch of
Godavari estuary, off Bhairavapalem village; holotype:
ZSI F 4600/2)
Thrissina hamiltonii (Gray, 1835)
Thrissa Hamiltonii Gray, 1835: pl. 92 fig. 3 (type locality:
India; holotype: specimen on which figure is based)
Engraulis Grayi Bleeker, 1851q: 492 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Rio [Riau] / Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; lectotype:
RMNH 7068, designated by Whitehead et al., 1966: 122;
also in Bleeker, 1852d: 41)
? Engraulis nasutus Castelnau, 1878b: 51 (type locality:
Australia: Queensland: Norman River, Gulf of
Carpentarie; syntypes [2]: probably lost, Whitehead &
Bauchot, 1985: 49)
Thrissina kammalensis (Bleeker, 1849)
Engraulis kammalensis Bleeker, 1849e: 13 (type locality:
Indonesia: Madura Strait near Kammal and Surabaya;
lectotype: RMNH 7067, designated by Whitehead et al.,
1966: 120)
Engraulis rhinorhynchos Bleeker, 1852d: 40 (type locality:
Indonesia: Madura Strait near Kammal and Surabaya /
Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; lectotype: RMNH 7067, by
present designation [not a replacement name for Engrau-
lis kammalensis Bleeker, 1849e: 13 as not explicitly stat-
ed so and based on a different set of specimens]; now a
junior objective synonym of Engraulis kammalensis
Bleeker, 1849e: 13)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
57
Thrissina mystax (Bloch, in Schneider, 1801)
Clupea mystax Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 426, pl. 83 (type
locality: India: Malabar; holotype: ZMB 3884, Paepke,
1999: 78, Whitehead, 1969b: 276, pl. 3c)
? Clupea sub-spinosa Swainson, 1839: 293 (available by
indication to Russell, 1803b: pl. 189; type locality: In-
dia: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype: specimen
on which is based Russell, 1803b: pl. 189 [Poorawah])
Thryssa porava Bleeker, 1849e: 14 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Madura Strait near Bangcallang, Kammal and
Surabaya; syntypes [up to 179 mm TL]: ? part of RMNH
7069 [1], 24966 [12], BMNH 1867.11.28.54 [1])
Engraulis mystacoïdes Bleeker, 1852d: 42 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta], Samarang, Surabaya,
Pasuruan, Tjilatjap / Madura: Bangcallang, Kammal,
Sumanap; lectotype: RMNH 7069, designated by White-
head et al., 1966: 124)
Stolephorus valenciennesi Bleeker, 1865g: 306 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta] / Sumatra:
Benkulen, Padang / Borneo: Sinkawang / Singapore; lec-
totype: RMNH 7071, designated by Whitehead et al.,
1966: 125)
Engraulis poorawah Bleeker, 1872a: 132, pl. 259 fig. 5 [as
Stolephorus hamiltoni] (type locality: Indonesia: Java:
Batavia, Batam / Sumatra: Priaman, Palembang /
Bintang: Rio / Bangka: Muntok, Pankalpinang / Borneo:
Sinkawang, Sundiguri / Sulawesi: Makassar, Badjoa /
Batjan: Labuha / Ceram [Seram]: Wahai / Singapore / and
numerous localities cited in the listed literature; synty-
pes: Bleeker's specimens [35, 100–210 mm TL] and those
on which literature records are based; not a junior hom-
onym of a "Thryssa poorawah Jerdon, 1851: 145", which
does not exist [Jerdon explicitly refer to Valenciennes,
in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848: 65 who used Engraulis
purava Hamilton, 1822: 238]; not a new combination of
"Thryssa poorawah Cuvier, 1829", which does not exist
[poorawah is ony used as a non-binominal name; p. 323];
not an incorrect subsequent spelling of Thryssa porava
Bleeker, 1849e: 14, which is not cited in extensive syn-
onymy)
Engraulis hornelli Fowler, 1924a: 41 (type locality: India:
Calicut; syntypes [total 4]: ? ANSP 51465, Böhlke, 1984:
101)
Thryssa yanamensis Babu Rao, in Whitehead et al., 1988:
438 (unpublished name; nomen nudum; locality: India:
Godavari estuary)
Thrissina purava (Hamilton, 1822)
Clupea purava Hamilton, 1822: 238, 382 (type locality: In-
dia: estuaries of the Ganges; types: NT; Hamilton's un-
published figure reproduced in Hora, 1929a: pl. 17 fig. 3)
Clupea megastoma Swainson, 1839: 293 (available by in-
dication to Russell, 1803b: pl. 190; type locality: India:
Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype: specimen on
which is based Russell, 1803b: pl. 190 [Peddah
Poorawah])
Engraulis annandalei Chaudhuri, 1916a: 419, fig. 3 (type
locality: India: Orissa: Chilka Lake, off Nalbano Island;
holotype: ZSI F 8781/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 99)
Engraulis kempi Chaudhuri, 1916a: 421, fig. 4 (type local-
ity: India: Orissa: Chilka Lake, off Barkul; holotype: ZSI
F 8782/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 99)
Engraulis rambhae Chaudhuri, 1916a: 423, fig. 5 (type lo-
cality: India: Orissa: Chilka Lake, Rambha Bay; holo-
type: ZSI F 8783/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 99)
Clupea ensiformis Hora, 1933: 134 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Thrissina setirostris (Broussonet, 1782)
Clupea Setirostris Broussonet, 1782: [47], pl. [11] (type lo-
cality: Vanuatu: Tanna Island; lectotype: specimen on
which is based Broussonet's plate [BMNH, lost ?, Esch-
meyer, 2010], designated by Fricke, 1999a: 78)
Clupea mystacina Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 428 (not avail-
able, name listed in synonymy)
Clupea seticornis Rees, 1807: unpag. [under Clupea] (type
locality: Pacific Ocean; types: LU; publication date fol-
lows Pestana, 1979: 355)
Thryssa macrognathos Bleeker, 1849e: 14 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Madura Strait near Bangcallang,
Kammal and Surabaya; syntypes [up to 108 mm TL]:
lost, Whitehead et al., 1966: 127)
Family CHIROCENTRIDAE
Chirocentrus Cuvier, 1816
Chirocentrus Cuvier, 1816a: 178 (type species: Clupea
dorab Forskål, 1775: xiii, 72, by monotypy [single "taxo-
nomic species" included, "regardless of any cited syn-
onyms", Code art. 68.3]). Gender masculine.
Neosudis Castelnau, 1873: 118 (type species: Neosudis vorax
Castelnau, 1873: 113, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Chirocentrus dorab (Forskål, 1775)
Clupea dorab Forskål, 1775: xiii, 72 (type locality: Egypt:
Kosseir [Al-Qusayr], 26°06'N 34°17'E [original type
locality: Red Sea: Saudia Arabia: Djidda [Jeddah] /
Yemen: Mocha]; syntypes: lost, Klausewitz & Nielsen,
1965: 13; neotype: SMNS 1772, designated by Fricke,
1999a: 80 [although 'withdrawn' by Fricke, 2000, ful-
fills requirements of Code art. 75.3])
Clupea dentex Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 428 (type locali-
ty: Red Sea [Saudi Arabia: Jeddah / Yemen: Mocha];
syntypes: material of Forskål, 1775: xiii, 72 [also refer-
ence to Gmelin, 1789: 1409, which is based on Forskål,
1775: xiii, 72])
Esox chirocentrus La Cepède, 1803: 317, pl. 8 fig. 1 (type
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
58
Family CLUPEIDAE
RMNH 27664, Eschmeyer, 2010; also in Bleeker, 1852p:
458)
Chatoëssus breviceps Peters, 1877: 848 (type locality:
Bismark Archipelago: New Hanover Island; holotype:
ZMB 9818, Nelson & Rothman, 1973: 143)
Distribution notes. Record of Gonialosa manmina
(Hamilton, 1822: 247) from Andamans by Herre (1940: 335)
seems unlikely and possibly based on Anodontosoma
selangkat (see Whitehead, 1985: 257).
[Clupanodon manmina Hamilton, 1822: 247, 383 (type locality: India:
freshwater branches of Ganges; types: NT)].
Anodontostoma thailandiae Wongratana, 1983
Anodontostoma thailandiae Wongratana, 1983: 394, fig. 11
(type locality: Gulf of Thailand: Songkhla; holotype:
CUMZ uncat.)
Clupanodon La Cepède, 1803
Clupanodon La Cepède, 1803: 468 (type species: Clupea
thrissa Linnaeus, 1758: 318, by subsequent designation
by Bleeker, 1872a: 112). Gender masculine.
Thrissa Rafinesque, 1815: 88 (unnecessary replacement
name for Clupanodon La Cepède, 1803: 468). Gender
feminine.
Clupanodon thrissa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Clupea thrissa Linnaeus, 1758: 318 (type locality: China;
syntypes: UUZM 107, Wheeler, 1991: 158, fig. 3, Nelson
& Rothman, 1973: 169)
Clupea triza Linnaeus, 1759: 251 (type locality: China; syn-
types: UUZM 107, Nelson & Rothman, 1973: 169; objec-
tive junior synonym of Clupea thrissa Linnaeus, 1758: 318)
Chatoessus maculatus Richardson, 1846a: 308 (type local-
ity: China: Chinese seas [area of Macao] and Canton;
syntypes: Cambridge Philos. Inst., lost [Whitehead, 1966:
37] and specimen on which Reeves' unpublished figure
is based, reproduced in Whitehead, 1966: pl. 5 fig. 1,
Whitehead & Joysey, 1967: 128, pl. 1 fig. 1)
Chatoessus Osbeckii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1848: 106 (type locality: coast of China; lectotype:
MNHN 3675, designated by Whitehead, 1967: 98,
Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 10)
locality: not stated; holotype: specimen on which is based
Commerson's drawing)
Esox clupeoides Richardson, 1846: 311 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Chirocentrus hypselosoma Bleeker, 1852b: 71 (type locali-
ty: Singapore / Indonesia: Java: Samarang [probably
Singapore; Bleeker listed two localities, but had a single
specimen assumed to be from Singapore because of the
title of the article, the specimens from Samarang having
probably been observed by Bleeker when he was sta-
tioned there (Bleeker, 1973: 21) and have not been pre-
served]; lectotype: RMNH 7104, designated by Esch-
meyer et al., 1998: 756; also in Bleeker, 1852i: 25)
Neosudis vorax Castelnau, 1873: 119 (type locality: New
Caledonia: Nouméa; syntypes: NMV 51862 [1], Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Taxonomic notes Record from fresh and brackish waters
from Thailand (Talé Sap [Thale Sap, Songkhla Lake]) by
Hora (1924a). Identity requires confirmation.
Anodontostoma Bleeker, 1849
Gonostoma van Hasselt, 1823b: 329 [translated in Alfred,
1961b: 83] (type species: Gonostoma javanicum Hyrtl,
1855: 49, by subsequent monotypy; junior homonym of
Gonostoma Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810b: 64). Gender
neuter.
Anodontostoma Bleeker, 1849e: 15 (type species: Anodon-
tostoma hasseltii Bleeker, 1849e: 15, by monotypy).
Gender neuter.
Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822)
Clupanodon chacunda Hamilton, 1822: 246, 383 (type lo-
cality: India: "Gangetic estuaries"; types: NT)
? Clupanodon chanpole Hamilton, 1822: 249, 383, pl. 18
fig. 74 (type locality: India: "pond and ditches of every
part of Bengal"; types: NT; see also Nelson, 1983a: 196;
simultaneous subjective synonym of
Clupanodon chacun-
da
Hamilton, 1822: 246, first reviser [possibly Nelson &
Rothman, 1973: 142] gave precedence to C. chacunda)
? Chatoessus Tampo Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1848: 117 (type locality: Malaysia: Malacca; holo-
type: specimen on which is based drawing in MNHN
Bibliothèque Centrale, MS. 521 A, XXXI: 71, White-
head & Bauchot, 1985: 36)
Anodontostoma Hasseltii Bleeker, 1849e: 15 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Madura Strait near Kammal and Sura-
baya / sea of Java near Batavia [Jakarta], Samarang, etc.;
syntypes [up to 135 mm TL]: part of RMNH 7082 [7],
17775 [14], Whitehead et al., 1966: 88, 89, pl. 11 fig. 1)
Gonostoma javanicum Bleeker, 1849e: 15 (not available,
name listed in synonymy)
Gonostoma javanicum Hyrtl, 1855: 49 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java [not stated, implied from name]; syntypes:
RMNH 2685 [2], Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 809)
Chatoessus chacunda var. altior Günther, 1868a: 411 (type
locality: India: Ganges / Siam / Borneo; syntypes [7]:
BMNH)
Clupea fornicata Hora, 1933: 134 (not available, name listed
in synonymy)
Anodontostoma selangkat (Bleeker, 1852)
Chatoessus selangkat Bleeker, 1852d: 47 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [147 mm TL]:
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
59
Clupanodon haihoensis Oshima, 1926: 3 (type locality:
China: Hainan: Haiho; holotype: LU)
Clupeichthys Bleeker, 1855
Clupeichthys Bleeker, 1855h: 274 (type species:
Clupeichthys goniognathus Bleeker, 1855h: 275, by
monotypy). Gender masculine.
Clupeichthys aesarnensis Wongratana, 1983
Clupeichthys aesarnensis Wongratana, 1983: 388, fig. 2
(type locality: Thailand: Ubonrat reservoir [Ubon
Ratchathani], Konkhan; holotype: KUMF 2844a)
Clupeichthys bleekeri (Hardenberg, 1936)
Corica bleekeri Hardenberg, 1936: 229 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: middle course of
Kapuas; syntypes: LU, probably lost)
Clupeichthys goniognathus Bleeker, 1855
Clupeichthys goniognathus Bleeker, 1855h: 275 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Lahat; holotype [83 mm TL]:
BMNH 1867.11.28.36, Whitehead et al., 1966: 78)
Clupeichthys perakensis (Herre, 1936)
Corica perakensis Herre, 1936a: 5, pl. 1 (type locality:
Malaysia: Perak: Perak River; holotype: CAS-SU 30976,
Böhlke, 1953: 11)
Clupeoides Bleeker, 1851
Clupeoïdes Bleeker, 1851d: 274 (type species: Clupeoides
borneensis Bleeker, 1851d: 275, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Clupeoides borneensis Bleeker, 1851
Clupeoïdes borneënsis Bleeker, 1851d: 275 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin;
holotype [80 mm TL]: lost, Whitehead et al., 1966: 73;
also in Bleeker, 1852d: 17)
Clupeoides exilis Fowler, 1935a: 92, fig. 12 (type locality:
Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 60508, Böhlke,
1984: 62)
Clupeoides hypselosoma Bleeker, 1865
Clupeoides hypselosoma Bleeker, 1865g: 293 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin;
holotype [57 mm TL]: BMNH 1867.11.28.35, White-
head et al., 1966: 74, pl. 8 fig. 3; secondary junior hom-
onym of Harengula hypselosoma Bleeker, 1855i: 427
when both placed in Clupea by Bleeker, 1872a: 101; not
rejected because relevant taxa no longer considered to
be congeneric and substitute name not in use, Code art.
59.3)
Clupea potamophilus Bleeker, 1872a: 101 [text; 1870a: pl.
260 fig. 5, with caption "Clupeoides hypselosoma"] (re-
placement name for Clupeoides hypselosoma Bleeker,
1865g: 293, not in use and invalid under Code art. 59.3)
Corica Hamilton, 1822
Corica Hamilton, 1822: 253, 383 (type species: Corica
soborna Hamilton, 1822: 253, by monotypy). Gender
feminine.
Corica laciniata Fowler, 1935
Corica laciniata Fowler, 1935a: 92, fig. 11 (type locality:
Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 61415, Böhlke,
1984: 62)
Corica soborna Hamilton, 1822
Corica soborna Hamilton, 1822: 253, 383 (type locality:
India: Mahananda River; types: NT; Hamilton's unpub-
lished figure reproduced in Gray, 1834: vol. 2, pl. 91
figs. 7–8)
Corica soborni Gray, 1834: pl. 91 figs. 7–8 (erroneous sub-
sequent spelling for Corica soborna Hamilton, 1822:
258; spelt Guborni on plate, corrected in 'Directions for
arranging the plates')
Corica argentata Swainson, 1839: 294 (unnecessary replace-
ment name for Corica soborna Hamilton, 1822: 253)
Spratella pseudopterus Bleeker, 1852j: 50 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Pamangkat; lec-
totype: RMNH 7116, designated by Whitehead et al.,
1966: 76, Whitehead, 1985: 180; also in Bleeker, 1852o:
432)
Corica biharensis Kamal & Ahsan, 1979: 28, fig. 1 (type
locality: India: Bihar: Santhal Parganas District: Ganga
River at Rajmahal; holotype: ZSI F 7129/2)
Dussumieria Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847
Dussumieria Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847b: 467 (type species: Dussumieria acuta Valenci-
ennes, 1847b: 467, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Montalbania Fowler, 1934c: 244 (subgenus of Etrumeus
Bleeker, 1853n: 48; type species: Etrumeus albulina
Fowler, 1934c: 244, by original designation). Gender
feminine.
Dussumieria acuta Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847
Clupea flosmaris Richardson, 1846a: 305 (type locality:
China: Chinese seas [area of Macao] and Canton; holo-
type: specimen figured by Reeves, reproduced by White-
head, 1966: pl. 2 fig. 2; not available, on Official Index
of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology,
ICZN, 1970b: 217 [Opinion 901])
Dussumieria acuta Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847b: 467, pl. 606 (type locality: India: Coroman-
del Coast; lectotype: MNHN 3697, designated by White-
head, 1967: 13, Bauchot & Whitehead, 1985: 13; on
Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1970b:
217 [Opinion 901])
Elops javanicus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847b: 271 (not available, name listed in synonymy)
Elops javanicus Bleeker, 1851h: 422 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Etrumeus albulina Fowler, 1934c: 244, fig. 7 (type locality:
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
60
Philippines: Iloilo; holotype: USNM 93136)
Distribution notes. Inland record from Philippines
(Palawan) by Fowler (1934c: 244). Identity requires confir-
mation. Marine species according to Whitehead (1985: 28).
Escualosa Whitley, 1940
Leptogaster Bleeker, 1870a: pl. 264 fig. 5 (type species:
Rogenia argyrotaenia Bleeker, 1852d: 26, by monotypy;
declared a nomen oblitum by Whitehead et al., 1966: 70
[Code art. 23.12]; junior homonym of Leptogaster
Meigen, 1803: 269 in Diptera, Leptogaster Selys, 1860:
12 in Odonata, and Leptogaster Signoret, 1860: 967 in
Hemiptera). Gender feminine.
Escualosa Whitley, 1940b: 402 (type species: Clupea
macrolepis Steindachner, 1879a: 31, by original desig-
nation). Gender feminine.
Escualosa thoracata (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1847)
? Clupea coval Cuvier, 1829: 318 (available by indication
to Russell, 1803b: n° 186; type locality: India:
Vizagapataham; syntypes [at least 2]: material on which
is based Russell, 1803b: 70, pl. 186 [Kowal] [reproduced
in Whitehead, 1967: pl. 5a]; identification, see White-
head, 1967: 70, Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 38)
? Clupea Kowal Rüppell, 1837: 79 (type locality: India:
Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam] / Saudi Arabia: Djidda
[Jeddah] / Erithrea: Massawa; syntypes: ? SMF and
specimen on which is based Russell, 1803b: pl. 186
[Kowal])
Kowala thoracata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847b: 363 (type locality: India: Pondicherry; lectotype:
MNHN 3172, designated by Whitehead, 1967: 71,
Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 16)
Meletta lile Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b:
378 (type locality: India: Pondicherry; lectotype: MNHN
3173, designated by Whitehead, 1967: 72, Whitehead &
Bauchot, 1985: 17)
Rogenia argyrotaenia Bleeker, 1852d: 26 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; lectotype: RMNH
7088, designated by Whitehead et al., 1966: 72, pl. 8
fig. 1; also in Bleeker, 1852p: 457 [spelt argijrotaenia
and with additional specimens from Bangka: Muntok])
Clupea macrolepis Steindachner, 1879a: 31 (type locality:
not stated [Australia: Queensland: Townsville, Cleveland
Bay]; holotype: SMNS 2292, Fricke, 2005: 28, White-
head, 1970b: 11; also in Steindachner, 1879b: 13)
Gonialosa Regan, 1917
Gonialosa Regan, 1917: 315 (type species: Chatoesssus
modestus Day, 1870c: 622, by subsequent designation
by Jordan, 1920: 560). Gender feminine.
Indialosa Herre & Myers, 1931: 238 (type species: Clupa-
nodon manmina Hamilton, 1822: 247, by original des-
ignation). Gender feminine.
Gonialosa modesta (Day, 1870)
Chatoëssus modestus Day, 1870c: 622 (type locality: Burma:
Bassein River as high as Een-gay-gyee Lake; lectotype:
ZSI 2695, designated by Talwar & Whitehead, 1971: 73)
Gonialosa whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983
Gonialosa whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983: 394, fig. 10 (type
locality: Burma: Tenasserim: Kokariet; holotype: BMNH
1893.2.16.75)
Gudusia Fowler, 1911
Gudusia Fowler, 1911: 207 (subgenus of Sardinella Valen-
ciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b: 261; type
species: Clupanodon chapra Hamilton, 1822: 248, by
original designation). Gender feminine.
Gudusia variegata (Day, 1870)
Clupea variegata Day, 1870c: 623 (type locality: Burma:
Irrawaddy and its branches; lectotype: ZSI 2245, desig-
nated by Talwar & Whitehead, 1971: 70)
Herklotsichthys Whitley, 1951
Herklotsella Fowler, 1934c [Jan.]: 246 (subgenus of Haren-
gula Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b:
277;
type species: Harengula dispilonotus
Bleeker, 1852j:
49,
by original designation; junior homonym of Herklot-
sella Herre, 1933a [Dec.]: 179). Gender feminine.
Herklotsichthys Whitley, 1951a: 67 (replacement name for
Herklotsella Fowler, 1934c: 246). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Herklotsella Herre is dated December
1933 but apparently appeared only in early 1934 (Eschmeyer,
2011) and Herklotsella Fowler, published on 20 January
1934, might have precedence.
Herklotsichthys dispilonotus (Bleeker, 1852)
Harengula dispilonotus Bleeker, 1852j: 49 (type locality:
Indonesia: Banka [Bangka]; lectotype: BMNH
1867.11.28.28, designated by Whitehead, 1964a: 279,
Whitehead et al., 1966: 40, pl. 4 fig. 1; also in Bleeker,
1852p: 456)
Distribution notes. Recorded in the freshened part of Thale
Sap, Thailand (Sirimontaporn, 1984: 7).
Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus (Rüppell, 1837)
Clupea Mauritiana Bennett, 1833b: 32 (type locality: Mau-
ritius; types: ? BMNH; here declared a nomen oblitum
under Code art. 23.9.2, as it has not been used as a valid
name since 1899 [Code art. 23.9.1.1], and Clupea quadri-
maculata Rüppell, 1837: 78 has been used in at least 25
works in the last 50 years [Code art. 23.9.1.2])
Clupea quadrimaculata Rüppell, 1837: 78, pl. 21 fig. 3 (type
locality: Red Sea: Eritrea: Bay of Massawa; lectotype:
SMF 4648, designated by Dor, 1984: 41; here declared
a nomen protectum under Code art. 23.9.2, used in at
least 25 works in the last 50 years, listed under Nomen-
clatural notes [Code art. 23.9.1.2])
Harengula bipunctata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1847b: 298 (type locality: Red Sea: Eritrea:
Massawa; holotype: specimen on which Ehrenberg's
unpublished drawing is based; drawing in MNHN
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
61
Bibliothèque Centrale MS 519,XX:62, Whitehead &
Bauchot, 1985: 42)
Sardinella lineolata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847b: 272 (type locality: Sri Lanka: Trincomale;
lectotype: MNHN 666, designated by Whitehead et al.,
1966: 45, Whitehead, 1967: 31, Whitehead & Bauchot,
1985: 27; simultaneous homym of Clupea lineolata Va-
lenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b: 256, when
placed in Clupea by Bleeker, 1872a: 108, who gave pre-
cedence to Clupea lineolata)
Clupeonia fasciata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847b: 349 (type locality: Bourbon [Réunion]: Saint-
Denis; holotype: MNHN 895, Whitehead & Bauchot,
1985: 12)
Meletta obtusirostris Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847b: 375 (type locality: Seychelles; lectotype:
MNHN 900, designated by Whitehead, 1967: 34, White-
head & Bauchot, 1985: 18)
Meletta venenosa Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847b: 377 (type locality: Seychelles / Indian Ocean;
syntypes: lost, Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 44)
Alausa Schrammii Bleeker, 1849e: 11 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Bali: Boleling; lectotype: RMNH 7083, designat-
ed by Whitehead et al., 1966: 42)
Spratella erythraea Rüppell, 1852: 26 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Harengula moluccensis Bleeker, 1853i: 609 (type locality:
Indonesia: Ambon; lectotype: RMNH 7098, designated
by Whitehead et al., 1966: 43)
Harengula Kunzei Bleeker, 1856k: 209 (type locality: In-
donesia: Ternate; lectotype: RMNH 7097, designated by
Whitehead et al., 1966: 44, pl. 5 fig. 1)
Clupea dubia Bleeker, 1872a: 108 (replacement name for
Sardinella lineolata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1847b: 272)
Clupea profundis De Vis, in Saville-Kent, 1889b: 11 (no-
men nudum)
Clupea Ranelayi De Vis, in Saville-Kent, 1889b: 11 (no-
men nudum)
Clupea torresiensis De Vis, in Saville-Kent, 1989b: 11 (no-
men nudum)
Harengula stereolepis Ogilby, 1898a: 759 (type locality:
Australia: Torres Strait: Darnley Island; holotype: AMS
I.12175, Paxton et al., 1989: 154)
Clupea mizun Kishinouye, 1907a: 98, pl. 20 fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: Japan: Okinawa; syntypes: probably lost, Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Clupea rechingeri Steindachner, 1907: 1424 (type locality:
Samoa Island: Upolu; syntypes: NMW [2], not found by
Whitehead, 1970b: 7)
Harengula lippa Whitley, 1931b: 142, fig. 1 (type locality:
Western Australia: Port Hedland; holotype: AMS
I.12228)
Distribution notes. Inland water record from Philippines
(Putoc River, Mindanao) by Fowler (1941a: 589).
Nomenclatural notes. List of 28 works using Clupea
quadrimaculata Rüppell, 1837 as a valid species-group
name, published by at least 10 authors, in the immediately
preceeding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less
than 10 years (Code art. 23.9.2): (1) Allen, 1997: 50;
(2) Allen & Adrim, 2003: 24; (3) Carpenter & Niem, 1999a:
1801; (4) De Bruin et al., 1994: 176; (5) Debelius, 1993:
56; (6) Dor, 1984: 41; (7) Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola, 1984:
49; (8) Hoese et al., 2006: 328; (9) Hutchins, 2001: 18;
(10) Kimura & Matsuura, 2003: 16; (11) Kuiter, 1998: 32;
(12–13) Kuiter & Debelius, 1994: 42, 2006: 98; (14) Laboute
& Grandperrin, 2000: 342; (15) Masuda et al., 1984: 19;
(16) Matsuura et al., 2000: 135; (17) Myers, 1989: 62;
(18) Nakabo, 1993: 206; (19) Paxton et al., 1989: 154; (20–
22) Randall, 1983: 24, 1995: 64, 1996: 37; (23) Randall &
Lim, 2000: 587; (24) Randall et al., 1990: 47; (25) Rau &
Rau, 1980: 200; (26) Shen, 1993: 121; (27) Smith &
Heemstra, 1986: 201; (28) Whitehead, 1985: 81.
Hilsa Regan, 1917
Paralosa Regan, 1916a: 167 (type species: Clupaea dur-
banensis Regan, 1906a: 4, by monotypy [other included
species not cited by name; Code art. 68.3]; junior hom-
onym of Paralosa Bleeker, 1868b: 300). Gender femi-
nine.
Hilsa Regan, 1917: 303 (replacement name for Paralosa
Regan, 1916a: 167). Gender feminine.
Macrura Fowler, 1941a: 626 (type species: Clupea kelee
Cuvier, 1829: 320, by original designation; erroneously
attributed to van Hasselt, 1823b: 329 [translated in
Alfred, 1961b: 83] [Whitehead, 1965: 128; Kottelat,
1987a: 370] [under the heading "Clupeae", van Hasselt
mentioned "one which I have had figured and have given
the name Macrura". This is a specific name and this is
evidenced by Bleeker (1852d: 31) who reported a Kuhl
and van Hasselt's drawing labelled Clupea macrura by
van Hasselt]). Gender feminine.
Hilsa kelee (Cuvier, 1829)
Clupea kelee Cuvier, 1829: 320 (available by indication to
Russell, 1803b: n° 195; type locality: India: Vizagapa-
tham [Visakhapatnam]; types: material on which is based
Russell, 1803b: 75, pl. 195 [Kelee])
Clupeonia Blochii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847b: 353 (based on Clupea sinensis sensu Bloch, 1795:
38, pl. 405; type locality: India: Tranquebar [Tharangam-
badi, 11°01'37"N 79°51'E]; syntype: ZMB 6550 [also
ZMB 21893], Paepke, 1999: 65, Whitehead, 1969b: 268,
Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 41)
Alosa brevis Bleeker, 1848c: 638 (type locality: Indonesia:
Sumbawa: Bima; holotype: lost, Bleeker, 1872a: 116,
Whitehead, 1965: 133, Whitehead et al., 1966: 79)
Alausa kanagurta Bleeker, 1850o: 160 (nomen nudum; lo-
cality: Indonesia: Banka [Bangka])
Alausa kanagurta Bleeker, 1852d: 34 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta] / Banka [Bangka]: Muntok;
lectotype: BMNH 1867.11.28.26 [1], designated by
Whitehead et al., 1966: 80)
Alausa brachysoma Bleeker, 1854d: 527 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Padang; holotype: BMNH
1867.11.28.24, Whitehead, 1965: 133, Whitehead et al.,
1966: 82; secondary junior homonym of Sardinella bra-
chysoma Bleeker, 1852d: 19 when placed in Clupea by
Günther, 1868a: 448)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
62
Alosa malayana Bleeker, 1865g: 294 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta], Bantam, Cheribon, Sura-
baya, Pasuruan / Sumatra: Padang; lectotype: RMNH
7108 [1], designated by Whitehead et al., 1966: 84)
Clupea platygaster Günther, 1868a: 448 (replacement name
for Alausa brachysoma Bleeker, 1854d: 527)
Harengula zeylanica Hubrecht, 1879: 46 (nomen nudum)
Clupaea durbanensis Regan, 1906a: 4, pl. 4 (type locality:
South Africa: Durban Bay; syntypes: BMNH
1905.6.8.19–20 [2], Whitehead, 1965: 133)
Harengula zeylanica Whitehead, 1965: 133, Witehead et al.,
1966: 83 (not available, name listed in synonymy)
Harengula sumatrana Whitehead et al., 1966: 83 (not avail-
able, name listed in synonymy)
Konosirus Jordan & Snyder, 1900
Konosirus Jordan & Snyder, 1900: 349 (type species:
Chatoessus punctatus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 240,
by original designation). Gender masculine.
Nealosa Herre & Myers, 1931: 236 (type species: Chatoessus
punctatus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 240, by original
designation; objective junior synonym of Konosirus Jor-
dan & Snyder, 1900: 349). Gender feminine.
Konosirus punctatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Chaetoessus punctatus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 240,
pl. 109 fig. 1 (type locality: bays on coasts of southwest-
ern Japan; lectotype: RMNH 3315a, designated by
Boeseman, 1947: 177)
Chatoessus aquosus Richardson, 1846a: 307 (type locality:
Chinese sea [area of Macao]; holotype: BMNH
1964.11.6.5, Whitehead, 1966: 33 [or syntype if it is not
the specimen on which is based Reeves' drawing [pub-
lished in Whitehead, 1966: pl. 4 fig. 1]; declared a no-
men oblitum by Whitehead, 1966: 34 [Code art. 23.12])
Minyclupeoides Roberts, 2008
Minyclupeoides Roberts, 2008: 125 (type species: Minyclu-
peoides dentibranchialus Roberts, 2008: 126, by origi-
nal designation). Gender masculine.
Minyclupeoides dentibranchialus Roberts, 2008
Minyclupeoides dentibranchialus Roberts, 2008: 126, fig. 1
(type locality: Cambodia: Mekong basin: Takeo-Angkor
Borei flood plain near Takeo; holotype: ZRC 50699)
Nematalosa Regan, 1917
Nematalosa Regan, 1917: 312 (type species: Clupea nasus
Bloch, 1795: 116, by subsequent designation by Jordan,
1920: 560). Gender feminine.
Fluvialosa Whitley, 1943a: 170 (type species: Chatoessus
elongatus Macleay, 1883b: 209, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Nematalosa galatheae Nelson & Rothman
Nematalosa galatheae Nelson & Rothman, 1973: 158, figs.
8B, 9 (type locality: Thailand: Andaman Sea off Ranong
Province, at mouth of Pakchan River; holotype: CAS
17815)
Distribution notes. Inland record from Vietnam (e.g.
Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2012: 197).
Nematalosa nasus (Bloch, 1795)
Clupea Nasus Bloch, 1795: 116, pl. 429 fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: not stated [most material collected by John is from
India: Tranquebar [Tharangambadi, 11°01'37"N
79°51'E]]; holotype: MZB 3898, Paepke, 1999: 65,
Whitehead, 1969b: 272, pl. 2c, fig. 1b)
Clupanodon nasica La Cepède, 1803: 470 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Clupea nasus Bloch, 1795: 116)
? Chatoessus altus Gray, 1834: vol. 2, pl. 91, fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: India; holotype: specimen on which figure is based)
? Chatoessus chrysopterus Richardson, 1846a: 308 (type
locality: China: Chinese seas [area of Macao]; holotype:
specimen on which is based Reeves' unpublished draw-
ing, reproduced by Whitehead, 1966: pl. 4 fig. 3)
Sardinella Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847
Sardinella Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b:
261 (type species: Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847b:
263, by original designation [p. 263]). Gender feminine.
Clupeonia Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b:
345 (type species: Clupanodon jussieu La Cepède, 1803:
471, by subsequent designation by Gill, 1861b: 35; si-
multaneous subjective synonym of Sardinella Valenci-
ennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b: 261, first re-
viser [apparently Fowler, 1941a: 601] gave precedence
to Sardinella). Gender feminine.
Kowala Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b: 362
(type species: Kowala albella Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1847b: 362, by subsequent designation by
Gill, 1861b: 36; simultaneous subjective synonym of
Sardinella Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847b: 261, first reviser [Whitehead, 1964b: 42] gave
precedence to Sardinella; simultaneous subjective syn-
onym of Clupeonia Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1847b: 345, first reviser [apparently Whitehead,
1972: 179, 183] gave precedence to Clupeonia, by list-
ing K. albella in subgenus Clupeonia). Gender feminine.
Clupalosa Bleeker, 1849e: 12 (type species: Clupalosa bulan
Bleeker, 1849e: 12, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Sardinia Poey, 1860: 311 (type species: Sardinia pseudo-
hispanica Poey, 1860: 311, by monotypy). Gender fem-
inine.
Paralosa Bleeker, 1868b: 300 (subgenus of Harengula Va-
lenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b: 277; type
species: Alausa melanura Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1847b: 441, by monotypy). Gender femi-
nine.
Wilkesina Fowler & Bean, 1923: 3 (subgenus of Harengula
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b: 277;
type species: Harengula fijiense Fowler & Bean, 1923:
3, by original designation). Gender feminine.
Fimbriclupea Whitley, 1940b: 399 (type species: Fimbri-
clupea dactylolepis Whitley, 1940b: 399, by original
designation). Gender feminine.
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63
Fiscina Whitley, 1940b: 400 (type species: Amblygaster
posterus Whitley, 1931b: 144, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Sardinella fimbriata (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1847)
Spratella fimbriata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847b: 359, pl. 601 (type locality: India: Malabar
Coast; lectotype: MNHN 3227, designated by White-
head, 1967: 50, Whitehead & Bauchot, 1985: 29; on
Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1970b:
217 [Opinion 901])
Distribution notes. Entering river mouths in Philippines
(Herre, 1953a: 66) and Vietnam (Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2012:
197).
Sardinella tawillis (Herre, 1927)
Harengula tawilis Herre, 1927a: 273, pl. 1 (type locality:
Philippines: Luzon: Batangas Province: Lake Bombon
[Lake Taal]; holotype: BSM 13198, lost)
Tenualosa Fowler, 1934
Tenualosa Fowler, 1934c: 246 (subgenus of Hilsa Regan,
1917: 303; type species: Alosa reevesii Richardson,
1846a: 305, by original designation). Gender feminine.
Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822)
Clupanodon ilisha Hamilton, 1822: 243, 382, pl. 19 fig. 73
(type locality: India: "Bay of Bengal and the large salt
water estuaries of the Ganges" / Agra and Kanpur / Patna
on the Ganges / Goalpara on the Brahmaputra / Calcutta
and Dhaka; types: NT)
Clupea palasah Cuvier, 1829: 320 (available by indication
to Russell, 1803b: n° 198; type locality: India: Vizaga-
patham [Visakhapatnam]; types: material on which is
based Russell, 1803b: 77, pl. 198 [Palasah] [putative
neotype: MNHN 3685, suggested by Whitehead, 1967:
92 has no nomenclatural status])
Distribution notes. In area, freshwater record from Myan-
mar (Nga-tha-lauk; Whitehead, 1985: 223).
Tenualosa macrura (Bleeker, 1852)
[Clupea] Macrura van Hasselt, 1823b: 329 [translated in
Alfred, 1961b: 83] (nomen nudum), 1824: 92 (nomen
nudum; Kottelat, 1987a: 369)
Alausa macrurus Bleeker, 1852d: 31 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; neotype: RMNH 7112,
designated by Whitehead, 1965: 143)
Nomenclatural notes. Macrurus is an adjective and has to
agree in gender with Tenualosa.
Tenualosa reevesii (Richardson, 1846)
? Clupea sinensis Linnaeus, 1758: 319 (type locality: China;
types: NT)
Alosa reevesii Richardson, 1846a: 305 (type locality: China:
Chinese seas [area of Macao]; holotype: BMNH
1963.8.20.2, Whitehead, 1965: 141, 1966: 30 [or syntype
if this specimen is not the one figured by Reeves (repro-
duced in Whitehead, 1966: pl. 2 fig. 3)])
Tenualosa thibaudeaui (Durand, 1940)
Clupea Thibaudeaui Durand, 1940: 6, pl. 1 (type locality:
Cambodia: Phnom Penh; holotype: ION)
Tenualosa toli (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847)
Alausa Toli Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847b:
435 (type locality: India: Pondicherry; lectotype: MNHN
3939, designated by Whitehead, 1967: 93, Whitehead &
Bauchot, 1985: 9)
Alausa argyrochloris Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847b: 440 (type locality: India: Bombay; lectotype:
MNHN 2738, present designation, listed as holotype by
Whitehead, 1965: 147, 1967: 93, Whitehead & Bauchot,
1985: 7 [other syntypes belong to another species, see
Whitehead, 1967: 94])
Alausa ctenolepis Bleeker, 1850o: 159 (nomen nudum; lo-
cality: Indonesia: Banka [Bangka])
Alausa ctenolepis Bleeker, 1852b: 74 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta] / Banka [Bangka]: Muntok;
lectotype: BMNH 1867.11.28.23, designated by White-
head et al., 1966: 85; also in Bleeker, 1852d: 32 [with-
out specimen from Singapore])
Nomenclatural notes. Bleeker (1852d: 32) prepared the
description of A. ctenolepis based on 2 specimens 310–
420 mm TL from Batavia and Muntok. Later (1852b: 74)
he received an additional specimen (290 mm TL) from
Singapore and published another description. This second
(1852b) description appeared first and the type series is made
of the three specimens. Whitehead et al. (1966: 85) desig-
nated the 420 mm TL specimen as lectotype; the type local-
ity therefore is Batavia and Muntok.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
64
Family SUNDASALANGIDAE
Sundasalangidae
Sundasalangidae Roberts, 1981a: 297 (type genus: Sunda-
salanx Roberts, 1981a: 297)
Sundasalanx Roberts, 1981
Sundasalanx Roberts, 1981a: 297 (type species: Sundasa-
lanx praecox Roberts, 1981a: 299, by original designa-
tion). Gender masculine.
Sundasalanx malletti Siebert & Crimmen, in Siebert,
1997
Sundasalanx malletti Siebert & Crimmen, in Siebert, 1997a:
20, fig. 11 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kaliman-
tan Tengah: Barito Basin: Sungai Barito at Muara Laung;
holotype: MZB 6096)
Sundasalanx megalops Siebert & Crimmen, in Siebert,
1997
Sundasalanx megalops Siebert & Crimmen, in Siebert,
1997a: 23, fig. 14 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo:
Kalimantan Tengah: Barito basin: mouth of Sungai Sap-
en, a small left hand tributary of Sungai Joloi above Sun-
gai Busang; holotype: MZB 6100)
Sundasalanx mekongensis Britz & Kottelat, 1999
Sundasalanx mekongensis Britz & Kottelat, 1999: 338, fig. 1
(type locality: Laos: Bolikhamsai Province: confluence
of Nam Leuk and Nam Ngang [error for Nam Gnong];
18°22'04"N 103°05'27"E; holotype: ZRC 43686)
Sundasalanx mesops Siebert & Crimmen, in Siebert, 1997
Sundasalanx mesops Siebert & Crimmen, in Siebert, 1997a:
23, fig. 13 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kaliman-
tan Tengah: Barito basin: Sungai Laung at Desa Maruwei,
0°21.986'N 114°44.103'E; holotype: MZB 6098)
Sundasalanx microps Roberts, 1981
Sundasalanx microps Roberts, 1981a: 300, fig. 1b (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas
River at Kampong Nibung, about 100 km northeast of
Sintang and 7 km northeast of Selimbau, 0°39'N
110°10.5'E; holotype: MZB 3000)
Sundasalanx platyrhynchus Siebert & Crimmen, in
Siebert, 1997
Sundasalanx platyrhynchus Siebert & Crimmen, in Siebert,
1997a: 23, fig. 15 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo:
Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas River about 7 km southwest
of Nanga Silat, approx. 0°19'N 111°45'E; holotype: MZB
5944)
Sundasalanx praecox Roberts, 1981
Sundasalanx praecox Roberts, 1981a: 299, fig. 1a (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Khlong Falamee, a swift muddy creek
flowing into inner lake of Thale Sap, at about 2 km west
of Pak Payoon; holotype: MCZ 47129)
Order GONORHYNCHIFORMES
Family CHANIDAE
Chanos La Cepède, 1803
Chanos La Cepède, 1803: 395 (type species: Chanos
arabicus La Cepède, 1803: 396, by monotypy). Gender
masculine [Code art. 30.2.3].
Lutodeira van Hasselt, 1823b: 330 [translated in Alfred,
1961b: 84] (type species: Lutodeira indica van Hasselt,
1823b: 330, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Scoliostomus Rüppell, 1828: 17 (not available, name listed
in synonymy ["when [Lutodeira] was still unknown to
me, I had formed the name Scoliostomus …])
Ptycholepis Gray & Richardson, in Richardson, 1843b: 218
(subgenus of Leuciscus Cuvier, 1816a: 194; type spe-
cies: Mugil salmoneus Forster, in Schneider, 1801: 121,
by monotypy; junior homonym of Ptycholepis Agassiz,
1833: vol. 2, part 1: 11, 1843: vol. 2, part 2: 107, in fos-
sil fishes; also in Richardson, 1843d: 489, 1843f: 25).
Gender feminine.
Chanos chanos (Forskål, 1775)
Mugil chanos Forskål, 1775: xiv, 74 (type locality: Red Sea:
Jidda; holotype: ZMUC P 17154, Nielsen, 1974: 10,
Klausewitz & Nielsen, 1965: 26, pl. 37 fig. 69 [or lecto-
type by inference of a holotype, Code art. 74.6, with
additional syntypes ZMUC 17751 [2]])
Mugil salmoneus Forster, in Schneider, 1801: xxxii, 121
(type locality: not stated [Vanuatu: Tanna Island; Valen-
ciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847a: 202]; types:
material of Forster)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
65
Chanos arabicus La Cepède, 1803: 396 (based on Mugil
chanos Forskål, 1775: xiv, 74, Gmelin, 1789: 1398 [based
on Forskål, 1775: xiv, 74] and Mugil chani of Bonna-
terre, 1788: 180 [based on Forskål, 1775: xiv, 74]; un-
necessary replacement name for Mugil chanos Forskål,
1775: xiv, 74)
Lutodeira indica van Hasselt, 1823b: 330 [translated in
Alfred, 1961b: 84] (type locality: Indonesia: Java / In-
dia: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; syntypes: ? RMNH
3369 and specimen figured by Russell, 1803b: pl. 207
[Palah Bontah], reproduced by Alfred, 1961b: pl. 7 fig.
7; Kottelat, 1987a: 370)
Cyprinus pala Cuvier, 1829: 276 (available by indication to
Russell, 1803b: n° 207; type locality: India: Vizagapa-
tham [Visakhapatnam]; types: specimen on which is
based Russell, 1803b: 84, pl. 207 [Palah Bontah])
Cyprinus tolo Cuvier, 1829: 276 (available by indication to
Russell, 1803b: n° 208; type locality: India: Vizagapa-
tham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype: specimen on which is
based Russell, 1803b: 85, pl. 208 [Tooleloo])
Leuciscus zeylonicus Bennett, 1833a: 184 (type locality: Sri
Lanka; holotype: BMNH 1855.12.26.288, Eschmeyer,
2010)
Butirinus Maderaspatensis Jerdon, 1849: 344 (type locali-
ty: India: Madras and Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam];
syntypes: NT, except for specimen on which is based
figure of Palah Bontah in Russell, 1803b: pl. 207)
Chanos mento Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847a: 194 (type locality: Isle-de-France [Mauritius]:
syntypes [5]: MNHN 3627 [1], 3628 [2], 3629 [2], Bertin,
1940: 276)
Chanos chloropterus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1847a: 195 (based on Russell, 1803b: 85, pl. 208;
type locality: India: Madepollam [in then Machilipatnam
District]; holotype: specimen on which is based Russell,
1803b: 85, pl. 208 [Tooleloo]; junior objective synonym
of Cyprinus tolo Cuvier, 1829: 276)
Chanos nuchalis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847a: 196 (based on Russell, 1803b: 83, pl. 207; type
locality: India: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; types:
material on which is based Russell, 1803b: 83, pl. 207
[Palah Bontah]; junior objetive synonym of Cyprinus
pala Cuvier, 1829: 276)
Chanos orientalis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847a: 197 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype:
MNHN)
Chanos cyprinella Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847a: 198 (type locality: "Sandwich Islands: port
d'Onorourou" [Hawaii: Honolulu harbour]; holotype:
MNHN 3624, Bauchot et al., 1982: 69)
Chanos lubina Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1847a: 199, pl. 567 [not 533] (type locality: Indonesia:
Buru; lectotype: MNHN A.9827, designated by Esch-
meyer et al., 1998: 945)
Lutodeira mossambicus Peters, 1852b: 684 (type locality:
Mozambique: Querimba; holotype: ZMB 6614, Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Lutodira elongata Peters, 1859: 412 (type locality: Sand-
wich Islands [Hawaii]; types: ZMB)
Chanos salmonoides Günther, 1879: 471 (incorrect subse-
quent spelling of Mugil salmoneus Forster, in Schneider,
1801: xxxii, 121)
Chanos gardineri Regan, 1902: 280 (type locality: Maldives:
Male Atoll: north pool of Hulule Island; syntypes [3]:
BMNH 1901.12.21.141–142 [2], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Order CYPRINIFORMES
Family CYPRINIDAE
Scardinii Bonaparte, 1839: punt. 126 [in text on Leuciscus
heegeri], 1841 [in Introduzione alla classe IV. Pesci] (not
available, context suggests it was not a family-group
name but the plural of Scardinius)
Squalii Bonaparte, 1841 [in Introduzione alla classe IV. Pes-
ci] (not available, context suggests it was not a family-
group name but the plural of Squalius)
Platycarinae Macleay, 1841: 271 (type genus: Platycara
McClelland, 1838: 944, 947; also in Macleay, 1842:
204)
Schizothoracinae M'Clelland, 1842a: 575 (type genus:
Schizothorax Heckel, 1838: 11; sometimes considered
to be a plural for Schizothorax, but the plural of a
word ending in –thorax whould be –thoraces; the use
of Schizothoracinae as the heading of a paragraph,
Cyprinidae Rafinesque, 1815
Ciprinidi Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810b: 32 (vernacular,
apparently not available under Code art. 11.7.2)
Cyprinia Rafinesque, 1815: 88 (type genus: Cyprinus
Linnaeus, 1758: 320)
Paeonomiae McClelland, 1838: 943 (not available; not based
on a type genus)
Sarcoborinae McClelland, 1838: 943 (not available; not
based on a type genus)
Apalopterinae McClelland, 1838: 944 (not available; not
based on a type genus)
Leuciscini Bonaparte, 1835: 14 [= 1840: 194] (type genus:
Leuciscus Cuvier, 1816a: 194; also in Bonaparte, 1837:
7 [=1838a: 132], 1839: punt. 126 [in text on Leuciscus
heegeri], 1845a: 387)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
66
the mention of the name of the author (mentioned only
for new names in this work), the use of the ending -
inae elsewhere (pp. 562, 587) explicitly for subfami-
lies, indicate that the name was intended for a sub-
family)
Temnochilae Heckel, 1848d: 280 (not available; not based
on a type genus)
Pachychilae Heckel, 1848d: 280 (not available; not based
on a type genus)
Chondrostomi Agassiz, 1855a: 94 (type genus: Chondro-
stoma Agassiz, 1832: 132)
Pogonichthi Girard, 1858b: 242 (type genus: Pogonichthys
Girard, 1854: 136)
Alburni Girard, 1858b: 255 (type genus: Alburnus Rafines-
que, 1820b: 236, 1820c: 46)
Labeonini Bleeker, 1859l: xxviii (type genus: Labeo Cu-
vier, 1816a: 194; also in Bleeker, 1860c: 423)
Barbini Bleeker, 1859l: xxix (type genus: Barbus Cuvier,
1816a [Nov]: 192 [not Cloquet, 1816b [Dec]: 6; not
"Cuvier & Cloquet, 1816: 4", which does not exist]; also
in Bleeker, 1860c: 429)
Phalacrognathini Bleeker, 1860c: 422 (not available; not
based on a type genus)
Cheilognathini Bleeker, 1860c: 427 (not available; not based
on a type genus)
Amblygastri Bleeker, 1860c: 429 (not available; not based
on genus Amblygaster Bleeker, 1849a: 73 [Clupeidae]
but the name of a "Series", based on descriptive terms,
not on a type genus)
Acanthophori Bleeker, 1860c: 429 (not available; not based
on a type genus)
Anacanthonoti Bleeker, 1860c: 432 (not available; not based
on a type genus)
Oxygastri Bleeker, 1860c: 438 (not available; not based on
genus Oxygaster van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 but the name
of a "Series" based on descriptive terms, not on a type
genus; also, Oxygaster should at that time have been used
as the valid name of a genus [Code art. 11.7.1.1], which
was not the case)
Abramiformes Dybowski, 1862: 33, 35, 314 (type genus:
Abramis Cuvier, 1816a: 194)
Carpionini Bleeker, 1863e: 191 (type genus: Carpio Hec-
kel, 1843: 1014)
Garrae Bleeker, 1863e: 191 (type genus: Garra Hamilton,
1822: 343)
Semiploti Bleeker, 1863e: 195 (type genus: Semiplotus
Bleeker, 1860c: 424)
Opisthocheili Bleeker, 1863e: 196 (type genus: Opistochei-
los Bleeker, 1860c: 425)
Oreini Bleeker, 1863e: 196 (type genus: Oreinus McClel-
land, 1838: 943, 946)
Gymnostomi Bleeker, 1863e: 197 (type genus: Gymnosto-
mus Heckel, 1843: 1030)
Systomi Bleeker, 1863e: 199 (type genus: Systomus Mc-
Clelland, 1838: 943)
Osteobramae Bleeker, 1863e: 201 (type genus: Osteobra-
ma Heckel, 1843: 1033)
Catlae Bleeker, 1863e: 201 (type genus: Catla Valencien-
nes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844: 410)
Daniones Bleeker, 1863e: 203 (type genus: Danio Hamil-
ton, 1822: 321)
Paralabeonini Bleeker, 1863e: 204 (not available; not based
on a type genus [there is no genus Paralabeo])
Cochlognathi Bleeker, 1863e: 204 (type genus: Cochlogna-
thus Baird & Girard, 1854b: 158)
Laviniae Bleeker, 1863e: 204 (type genus: Lavinia Girard,
1854: 137)
Aulopygini Bleeker, 1863e: 207 (type genus: Aulopyge
Heckel, 1841a: 384, 1841b: 523)
Chedri Bleeker, 1863e: 207 (type genus: Chedrus Swain-
son, 1839: 185, 285)
Gobiones Bleeker, 1863e: 208 (type genus: Gobio Cuvier,
1816a: 193)
Phoxini Bleeker, 1863e: 208 (type genus: Phoxinus Rafi-
nesque, 1820b: 236, 1820c: 46)
Acanthobramae Bleeker, 1863e: 210 (type genus: Acantho-
brama Heckel, 1843: 1033)
Bramae Bleeker, 1863e: 210 (type genus: Brama Bleeker,
1863e: 211; invalid because type genus is junior hom-
onym of Brama Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 98, type ge-
nus of Bramini Bonaparte, 1831a: 157, 173, 1831b: 107)
Aspii Bleeker, 1863e: 212 (type genus: Aspius Agassiz, 1832:
132)
Acheilognathini Bleeker, 1863e: 213 (type genus: Acheilog-
nathus Bleeker, 1859l: 259)
Smiliogastrini Bleeker, 1863e: 214 (type genus: Smiliogaster
Bleeker, 1860c: 438)
Laubucae Bleeker, 1863e: 215 (type genus: Laubuka Blee-
ker, 1859l: 261 [Laubuca is an incorrect subsequent spell-
ing])
Chelae Bleeker, 1863e: 215 (type genus: Chela Hamilton,
1822: 258)
Leptobarbi Bleeker, 1864a: 116 (type genus: Leptobarbus
Bleeker, 1859l: 153)
Gardonini Walecki, 1864: 43 (type genus: Gardonus Bona-
parte, 1846: 29)
Rohteichthyina Günther, 1868: 191 (type genus: Rohteich-
thys Bleeker, 1860c: 431)
Rasborina Günther, 1868: 193 (type genus: Rasbora Blee-
ker, 1859f: 361, 371)
Xenocypridina Günther, 1868: 205 (type genus: Xenocypris
Günther, 1868a: 205)
Rhodeina Günther, 1868: 276 (type genus: Rhodeus Agas-
siz, 1832: 134)
Hypophthalmichthyina Günther, 1868: 298 (type genus:
Hypopthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860c: 433)
Plagopterinae Cope, 1874: 129 (type genus: Plagopterus
Cope, 1874: 130)
Campostominae Jordan, 1877: 56 (type genus: Camposto-
ma Campostoma Agassiz, 1855b: 218
Coelophori Jordan, 1877: 59 (not available; not based on a
type genus)
Exoglossinae Jordan, 1877: 60 (type genus: Exoglossum
Rafinesque, 1818d: 419)
Graodontinae Jordan, 1877: 60 (type genus: Graodus
Günther, 1868a: 485)
Acrochili Jordan, 1878: 790 (type genus: Acrocheilus Agas-
siz, 1855a: 96 [Acrochilus is an incorrect subsequent
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
67
spelling])
Orthodontes Jordan, 1878: 789 (type genus: Orthodon Gi-
rard, 1856: 182)
Chrosomi Jordan, 1878: 789 (type genus Chrosomus Rafi-
nesque, 1820b: 237, 1820c: 47)
Hybognathi Jordan, 1878: 789 (type genus: Hybognathus
Agassiz, 1855b: 223)
Tiarogae Jordan, 1878: 789 (type genus: Tiaroga Girard,
1856: 204)
Luxili Jordan, 1878: 789 (type genus: Luxilus Rafinesque
1820b: 237)
Ericymbae Jordan, 1878: 789 (type genus: Ericymba Cope,
1865: 88)
Phenacobii Jordan, 1878: 789 (type genus: Phenacobius
Cope, 1867b: 96)
Rhinichthyes Jordan, 1878: 789 (type genus: Rhinichthys
Agassiz, 1849: 81)
Ceratichthyes Jordan, 1878: 789 (type genus: Ceratichthys
Baird, in Girard, 1856: 212 [or Ceraticthys Baird & Gi-
rard, 1853b: 391)
Tincae Jordan, 1878: 790 (type genus: Tinca Cuvier, 1816a:
193)
Mylochili Jordan, 1878: 790 (type genus: Mylocheilus Agas-
siz, 1855b: 229 [Mylochilus is an incorrect subsequent
spelling])
Mylopharodontes Jordan, 1878: 790 (type genus: Mylophar-
odon Ayres, 1855a: 2, col 5, 1855b: 35)
Peleci Jordan, 1878: 790 (type genus: Pelecus Agassiz,
1835b: 39)
Carassii Jordan, 1878: 790 (type genus: Carassius Jarocki,
1822: 54)
Medinae Gill, 1890b: 3685 (type genus: Meda Girard, 1856:
191)
Mystinae Fowler, 1905a: 483 (not available, based on Mys-
tus of Klein, in Walbaum, 1792: 586, which is not an
available name, ICZN, 1910: 51 [Opinion 21])
Chelinae Fowler, 1905a: 487 (type genus: Chela Hamilton,
1822: 258 [genus name not cited in original description
but fixed under Code art. 11.7.1.1]; already established
as Chelae Bleeker, 1863e: 215)
Pimephalinae Cockerell & Callaway, 1909a: 122 (type
genus: Pimephales Rafinesque, 1820b: 242, 1820c:
52)
Notropinae Cockerell & Callaway, 1909b: 189 (type genus:
Notropis Rafinesque, 1818e: 204)
Elopichthyini Berg, 1912: 23 (type genus: Elopichthys
Bleeker, 1860c: 436)
Bariliinae Regan, 1922: 207 (type genus: Barilius Hamil-
ton, 1822: 266)
Opsariichthyini Rendahl, 1928: 41 (type genus: Opsariich-
thys Bleeker, 1863e: 203)
Gobiobotinae Mori, 1933a: 114 (type genus: Gobiobotia
Kreyenberg, 1911: 417; correct stem is Gobioboti– and
correct spelling is Gobiobotiinae)
Acanthorhodeina Kryzanovsky, 1947: 55 (type genus: Acan-
thorhodeus Bleeker, 1871b: 39)
Pseudogobioninae Kryzanovsky, 1947: 56 (type genus:
Pseudogobio Bleeker, 1860c: 425)
Sarcochilichthyina Kryzanovsky, 1947: 56 (type genus:
Sarcocheilichthys Bleeker, 1860c: 435)
Armatogobionina Kryzanovsky, 1947: 56 (type genus: Ar-
matogobio Taranetz, 1937: 113, 115)
Cultrinae Kryzanovsky, 1947: 57 (type genus: Culter Basil-
ewsky, 1855: 236)
Discognathina Kryzanovsky, 1947: 63 (not available, no
diagnosis)
Labeoinae Fowler, 1951: 3 (available when published, but
now not available under 1961, 1985 and 1999 editions
of the Code art. 13.1; already established as Labeonini
Bleeker, 1860c: 423)
Gymnostominae Fowler, 1951: 3 (available when published,
but now not available under 1961, 1985 and 1999 edi-
tions of the Code art. 13.1; already established as Gym-
nostomi Bleeker, 1863e: 197)
Bariliinae Fowler, 1951: 3 (available when published, but
now not available under 1961, 1985 and 1999 editions
of the Code art. 13.1; already established as Bariliinae
Regan, 1922: 207)
Laviniinae Fowler, 1951: 3 (available when published, but
now not available under 1961, 1985 and 1999 editions
of the Code art. 13.1; already established as Laviniae
Bleeker, 1863e: 204)
Oxygastrinae Fowler, 1951: 3 (available when published,
but now not available under 1961, 1985 and 1999 edi-
tions of the Code art. 13.1; made available as used by
Rainboth, 1991b: 170, Code art. 13.2.1)
Aspiinae Fowler, 1951: 3 (available when published, but
now not available under 1961, 1985 and 1999 editions
of the Code art. 13.1; already established as Aspii Blee-
ker, 1860e: 212)
Gibeliontinae Fowler, 1951: 3 (available when published,
but now not available under 1961, 1985 and 1999 edi-
tions of the Code art. 13.1; made available as used by
Fowler, 1958a: 13, Code art. 13.2.1)
Rohteeinae Fowler, 1958a: 11 (replacement name for Smi-
liogastrini Bleeker, 1863m: 33; type genus: Rohtee Sykes,
1839a: 161)
Bariliinae Fowler, 1958a: 12 (replacement name for Chedri
Bleeker, 1863m: 30; type genus: Barilius Hamilton,
1822: 266; already established as Bariliinae Regan, 1922:
207)
Gibelioninae Fowler, 1958a: 13 (replacement name for Cat-
lae Bleeker, 1863m: 28; type genus: Gibelion Heckel,
1843: 1014; already established as Gibeliontinae Fow-
ler, 1951: 3, which this work made available under Code
art.13.2.1)
Puntiini Karaman, 1971: 187 (type genus: Puntius Hamil-
ton, 1822: 310)
Torinae Karaman, 1971: 222 (type genus: Tor Gray, 1834:
vol. 2, pl. 96 fig. 1)
Parapsilorhynchidae Babu Rao & Yazdani, 1978: 130 (type
genus: Parapsilorhynchus Hora, 1921e: 13)
Pseudaspinini Bogutskaya, 1990a: 358 [69] (not available,
no diagnosis)
Pseudaspinini Bogutskaya, 1990b: 925 [71] (type genus:
Pseudaspius Dybowski, 1869: 953)
Diptychini Mirza, 1991: 341 (type genus: Diptychus Stein-
dachner, 1866e: 787)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
68
Schizopygopsini Mirza, 1991: 341 (type genus: Schizopy-
gopsis Steindachner, 1866e: 785)
Lepidopygopsini Mirza, 1991: 341 (type genus: Lepidopy-
gopsis Sundara Raj, 1941b: 210)
Poropuntii Rainboth, 1991b: 170 (not available, no diagno-
sis; made available as used by Menon, 1999: 68, Code
art. 13.2.1)
Oxygastrini Rainboth, 1991b: 170 (type genus: Oxygaster
van Hasselt, 1823c: 133; available by indication to Oxy-
gastri of Bleeker, 1860c: 438 [Oxygastri of Bleeker is a
descriptive term, not a name based on the valid name of
an included genus, see above]; already established as
Oxygastrinae Fowler, 1951: 3, which this work made
available under Code art.13.2.1)
Squaliobarbinae Rainboth, 1991b: 170 (type genus: Squa-
liobarbus Günther, 1868a: 297; available by indication
to Squaliobarbines of Howes, 1981: 40; earlier usages
may exist)
Neobolini Rainboth, 1996b: 70 (not available; type genus
not cited; earlier usages may exist)
Thynnichthyini Menon, 1999: 54 (type genus: Thynnich-
thys Bleeker, 1859l: 153)
Aspidoparinae Mirza, 2000: 355 (type genus: Aspidoparia
Heckel, 1848d: 288)
Schizocyprini Mirza & Afridi, 2002: 172 (type genus:
Schizocypris Regan, 1914a: 262)
Ctenopharyngodoninae Hosoya, in Nakabo, 1993: 222,
1258 (type genus: Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner,
1866d: 782; available by indication to Squaliobarbine
Group of Howes, 1981: 40; correct stem is Ctenopha-
ryngodont– and correct spelling is Ctenopharyngodon-
tidae)
Puntioplitini Nguyen [T. T.] & Ho, 2003: 1129 (type genus:
Puntioplites Smith, 1929: 11)
Banganina Zhang & Chen, 2004: 25 (type genus: Bangana
Hamilton, 1822: 277)
Tanichthyidae Chen & Mayden, 2009: 549 (not available,
no diagnosis)
Leptobarbidae Chen & Mayden, 2009: 549 (not available,
no diagnosis; already established as Leptobarbi Bleeker,
1864a: 116)
Paedocyprididae Mayden & Chen, 2010: 172 (type ge-
nus: Paedocypris Kottelat, Britz, Tan & Witte, 2006:
895)
Sundadanionidae Mayden & Chen, 2010: 172 (type genus:
Sundadanio Kottelat & Witte, 1999: 54)
Tanichthyidae Mayden & Chen, 2010: 172 (type genus:
Tanichthys Lin, 1932b: 379)
Nomenclatural notes. List of family-group names proba-
bly not exhaustive. Several names may have earlier usages.
Bleeker (1860c) is a summary of Bleeker (1860j). In both,
Bleeker listed all the genera of Cyprinidae that he recog-
nized as valid. In 1860c he listed only some of the synonyms,
not all. In 1860j he listed all the synonyms. In 1860c, he
placed the genera in a hierarchy of family / subfamily / co-
hort / stirps / series / subseries.
For most of these ranks Bleeker used names formed on
the stem of an included genus. But for the ranks cohort,
series and subseries he used pairs of names which are de-
scriptive for a group of genera but not formed on included
valid genera. The cohorts Phalacrognathini and Cheilogna-
thini describe two types of mouth morphology, the subseries
Acanthophori and Anacanthophorini refer to the presence
vs. absence of a dorsal-fin 'spine', and the series Amblygas-
tri and Oxygastri refer to a flat vs. keeled belly. These six
names are not available as family-group names.
There is no fish genus with a stem Phalacrognath-,
Cheilognath–, Acanthophor–, Anacanthophor–. There is a
genus Amblygaster, but Bleeker would not have based a fam-
ily-group name Ambligastri on it within Cyprinidae, since
Amblygaster is a genus of Clupeidae, which he knew very
well since he had created the name Amblygaster (Bleeker,
1849a: 73). Oxygastri is formed to describe the opposite
condition of Amblygastri, it is not based on Oxygaster.
Code art. 17.1 requires that a family group name be based
on the stem of an available generic name, indicated either
by express reference or by inference from its stem. It also
requires that the generic name be a name then used as valid.
The use of the stem alone is accepted as evidence that the
author used the generic name as valid unless there is evi-
dence to the contrary.
Tang et al. (2013: 13) argued that Oxygastri is available
and formed on the available genus name Oxygaster. All el-
ements of their reasoning, however, are flawed. As shown
above Oxygastri was used as a descriptive term for a group
of genera that did not include the genus Oxygaster [see anal-
ogy with Code, last paragraph of examples after art.
11.7.1.1]. There is no express reference to Oxygaster in Blee-
ker (1860c).
Tang et al. also argued that Oxygastri is available by in-
ference because Bleeker used the stem of Oxygaster; there
is in fact no such inference since the word Oxygastri de-
scribes a morphological character, and does not refer to the
genus Oxygaster. If one were to follow Tang et al., as Blee-
ker also had the series Ambligastri it would be available by
inference to Amblygaster, which would be a non-sense since
Amblygaster is not in Cyprinidae.
Tang et al. also argued that Bleeker considered Oxyga-
ster to be valid; Bleeker (1860c) nowhere mentioned the
name Oxygaster and of course the absence of mention can-
not support their statement.
Tang et al. also argued that, by analogy with "the word-
ing of the examples that accompany Art. 11.7.1.1, there is
no evidence to contradict this, as Bleeker made no explicit
statements that he considered Oxygaster to be invalid (ei-
ther as a synonym or as part of a different group)". In fact,
the example that applies is the last one: names that are de-
scriptive terms (as discussed above). Although Bleeker
(1860c) listed all the cyprinid genera that he recognised as
valid, he did not list Oxygaster; this seems clear evidence
that he did not consider the name to be valid. One also
cannot argue that the genus was used as valid by other au-
thors; it seems that by 1860 the name had never been used
as valid after its its creation in 1823. That Bleeker did not
consider Oxygaster to be valid is further confirmed by his
1860j work (of which 1860c was a summary). Bleeker com-
mented (1860j: 8, 475) that Oxygaster is a synonym of
Chela and it is explicitly listed in the synonymy of Chela
on p. 469.
As Oxygastrinae Bleeker, 1860 is not available, if one
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
69
wants to recognise as valid the subfamily called 'Oxygastri-
nae' by Tang et al. (2013), then Hypophthalmichthyinae
Günther, 1868 and Xenocypridinae Günther, 1868 are the
earliest available names. They are simultaneous subjective
synonyms and the first revisers (Chen, Yue & Lin, 1984:
425) gave precedence to Xenocypridinae. The first use mak-
ing Oxygastrinae available is by Fowler (1951: 3).
Genus et species inquirendae
Pachystomus gobioformis Kner, 1866: 548 (type locality:
Indonesia: ? Java [unlikely]; types: LU; also in Kner,
1867: 353, pl. 15 fig. 4)
Rasborella Fowler & Bean, 1923: 7 (type species: Rasborella
dubia Fowler & Bean, 1923: 7, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Rasborella dubia Fowler & Bean, 1923: 7 (type locality:
stated to be "Oahu or Fiji ?", erroneous; holotype: USNM
83278)
Nomina nuda
Morulius dinema Bleeker, 1864g: 35 (nomen nudum; local-
ity: Siam); 1864j: 172 (nomen nudum; in fact a species
from Nile River, Africa)
Chela Castelnaui Bleeker, 1864j: 176 (nomen nudum)
Acrossocheilus yeni Nguyen [T. T.], 2003: 44 (not avail-
able, nomen nudum; locality: Vietnam: Phong Nha-Ke
Bang)
Acrossocheilus carongensis Nguyen [T. T.], 2003: 44 (not
available, nomen nudum; locality: Vietnam: Phong Nha-
Ke Bang)
Aaptosyax Rainboth, 1991
Aaptosyax Rainboth, 1991a: 232 (type species: Aaptosyax
grypus Rainboth, 1991a: 233, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Aaptosyax grypus Rainboth, 1991
Aaptosyax grypus Rainboth, 1991a: 233, figs. 1–2 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Ubon Ratchathani Province: Mekong
at Khong Chiam District; holotype: CAS 76031)
Abbottina Jordan & Fowler, 1903
Abbottina Jordan & Fowler, 1903a: 835 (type species: Ab-
bottina psegma Jordan & Fowler, 1903a: 835, by origi-
nal designation). Gender feminine.
Pseudogobiops Berg, 1914: 500 (subgenus of Pseudogobio
Bleeker, 1860c: 425; type species: Gobio rivularis Ba-
silewsky, 1855: 231, by original designation [p. 499]).
Gender masculine.
*Abbottina rivularis (Basilewsky, 1855)
Gobio rivularis Basilewsky, 1855: 231 (type locality: north-
ern China [near Beijing ?; apparently Pai-ho River near
Beijing; Banarescu & Nalbant, 1973: 236]; holotype:
ZISP 6227, Berg, 1914: 501, Banarescu & Nalbant, 1973:
236)
Tylognathus sinensis Kner, 1866: 546 (type locality: China:
Shanghai; syntypes: NMW [3]; also in Kner, 1867: 354,
pl. 15 fig. 5)
Abbottina psegma Jordan & Fowler, 1903a: 835, fig. 5 (type
locality: Japan: Yodo River at Osaka in Settsu; holotype:
CAS-SU 7721, Böhlke, 1953: 29)
Distribution notes. Introduced in Mekong basin in China,
expending southwards (Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 1995).
Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1859
Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1859l: 259 (type species: Acheilog-
nathus melanogaster Bleeker, 1860i: 92, by subsequent
designation by Bleeker, 1863e: 213, 1863a: 33; no spe-
cies originally included, first inclusion by Bleeker, 1860i:
92; also in Bleeker, 1860c: 427, without included spe-
cies). Gender masculine.
Paracheilognathus Bleeker, 1863e: 213 (type species: Ca-
poeta rhombea Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 206, by
original designation; also in Bleeker, 1863l: 264, 1863m:
33). Gender masculine.
Pseudoperilampus Bleeker, 1863e: 214 (type species:
Pseudoperilampus typus Bleeker, 1863e: 214, by origi-
nal designation; also in Bleeker, 1863k: 258, 1863l: 264,
1863m: 33). Gender masculine.
Acanthorhodeus Bleeker, 1870c: 252 (nomen nudum)
Acanthorhodeus Bleeker, 1871b: 39 (type species: Acan-
thorhodeus macropterus Bleeker, 1871b: 40, by subse-
quent designation by Jordan, 1919b: 355). Gender mas-
culine.
Rhodeops Fowler, 1910: 479 (subgenus of Acheilognathus
Bleeker, 1859l: 259; type species: Acheilognathus bre-
vianalis Fowler, 1910: 479, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. Acheilognathus melanogaster had
long been considered to be the type species of Acheilogna-
thus. The type species of Acheilognathus was discussed by
Kottelat (2000e: 198), who concluded that A. melanogaster
was not among the species originally included and could
not be the type species. There was therefore no validly des-
ignated type species and Kottelat designated Capoeta
rhombea Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 206. This was based
on the then available information that Acheilognathus was
first available from Bleeker (1860c: 247), that Bleeker
(1859l) appeared in 1860, and that Bleeker (1860j) appeared
before Bleeker (1860i). Since then, it has been possible to
date these papers more exactly (Kottelat, 2011a). This has
shown that in fact paper 1859l appeared before 1860c. That
Acheilognathus is available from 1859l instead of 1860c
has no effect on the type species. In the 1859l paper, Achei-
lognathus is available; it has a single included species
(A. melanogaster), which at that time was a nomen nudum.
Kottelat (2000e: 198) noted that the first inclusion of avail-
able names was in Bleeker (1860j: 225, 228, 411), who in-
cluded only 4 available names and in which A. melanogaster
was still a nomen nudum and therefore could not be the type
species. The now available information is that this work
(1860j) appeared on 2 August 1860. But 1860i had already
appeared on 19 July 1860; A. melanogaster is described on
p. 92 and 4 other species are included in Acheilognathus.
Therefore A. melanogaster is among the originally included
species; the designation by Bleeker (1863e: 213, 1863a: 33)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
70
of A. melanogaster as type of Acheilognathus is therefore
valid.
Capoeta rhombea, the type species of Paracheilogna-
thus, has been described twice in 1846, by Richardson and
by Temminck & Schlegel. The description by Temminck &
Schlegel (1846: 204, pl. 100) was in Decade 11, issued on
26 August 1846. Richardson (1846a) appeared in June–
July 1846 (Bauchot et al., 1982: 66). Richardson
(1846) used the names on labels of specimens in BMNH
that had been identified by Temminck and/or Schlegel; see
his comments on pp. 292, 300. On page 293, Richardson
mentioned that he had not yet seen the species in Temminck
& Schlegel, and (pp. 272, 316) that he received Decades 9
and 10 in March 1846. Thus plate 100 was issued at the
earliest in Decade 11, with or later than the text.
Capoeta rhombea Richardson, 1846a, being based on
different material, is thus a senior primary homonym of
C. rhombea Temminck & Schlegel, 1846. The types of the
two nominal species must be compared to decide whether
or not they are synonyms. If they are not conspecific, then
the species of Temminck & Schlegel remains the type spe-
cies of Paracheilognathus, but the species name would have
to be changed because of primary homonymy.
The date of March 1846 for Decades 10 and 11 given by
Richardson (1846: 272, 316) is earlier than 1 May 1846 as
had been concluded by Mees (1962: 79) and Bauchot et al.
(1982: 67).
[Capoëta rhombea Richardson, 1846a: 293 (type locality: Japan; holo-
type: BMNH ?)].
[Capoëta rhombea Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 204, pl. 100 fig. 6 (type
locality: Japan: Nagasaki; lectotype: RMNH 2490, designated by
Boeseman, 1947: 149; junior homonym of Capoeta rhombea Rich-
ardson, 1846a: 293)].
[Acheilognathus melanogaster Bleeker, 1860i: 92, pl. 2 fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Japan: Jedo [Tokyo]; lectotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.81, designated
by Arai & Akai, 1988: 205, fig. 1)].
Unavailable name
Pararhodeus philantropus Nguyen [T. T.] & Le, in Eve et
al., 2000: 49, 134, 140 (not available, location of holo-
type not mentioned, Code art. 16.4.2, and intention not
explicit, Code art. 16.1; locality: Vietnam: Ha Tinh Prov-
ince: Vu Quang Nature Reserve: Hoa Hai)
Acheilognathus barbatulus Günther, 1873
Achilognathus barbatulus Günther, 1873b: 248 (type local-
ity: China: Shanghai; holotype: BMNH 1873.7.30.85,
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Paracheilognathus peihoensis Fowler, 1910: 481, fig. 3 (type
locality: China: Pei Ho River at Tien Tsin; holotype:
ANSP 29468)
Acheilognathus shibatae Mori, 1928b: 67 (type locality: type
locality: China: Shang-Tung: Hwang-ho in Tsi-nan; ho-
lotype: LU)
Acheilognathus argenteus Wu, 1939: 118 (type locality:
China: Li Kiang River [Kwei Kiang, a branch of Hsi-
Kiang] at Yangso; syntypes: [repository not stated] 160
[1], 404 [1])
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy from Chen (1998a: 425).
Acheilognathus deignani (Smith, 1945)
Acanthorhodeus deignani Smith, 1945: 219, fig. 39 (type
locality: Laos: Huey Nam Puat, tributary of Mekong at
Ban Nam Puat; holotype: USNM 107938)
? Acheilognathus elongatoides Kottelat, 2001
Pararhodeus elongatus Mai, 1978: 181, fig. 82 (type local-
ity: Vietnam: Lang Son Province: Thuong River; synty-
pes: DVZUT; a secondary junior homonym of Acantho-
rhodeus elongatus Regan, 1908a: 356, when both are
placed in Acheilognathus by Kottelat, 2001a: 14; avail-
able if placed in Rhodeus, e.g. by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 258)
Acheilognathus elongatoides Kottelat, 2001a: 14 (replace-
ment name for Pararhodeus elongatus Mai, 1978: 181)
Acheilognathus kyphus (Mai, 1978)
Pararhodeus kyphus Mai, 1978: 182, fig. 83 (type locality:
creeks in northern Vietnam [probably Thai Nguyen Prov-
ince: Dai Tu District: Ky Phu stream]; syntypes: DV-
ZUT)
Acheilognathus macropterus (Bleeker, 1871)
Acanthorhodeus macropterus Bleeker, 1870c: 252 (nomen
nudum)
Acanthorhodeus macropterus Bleeker, 1871b: 40, pl. 2 fig 2
(type locality: China: ? Yangtze River; holotype: MNHN
5045, Naseka & Bogutskaya, 2004: 281, pl. 1 fig. 4a,
Bertin & Estève, 1948: 75; also in Bleeker, 1871e: 71)
Acanthorhodeus Guichenoti Bleeker, 1871b: 41, pl. 13 fig. 2
(type locality: China: Yangtze River; holotype: MNHN
5043, Fang, 1942b: 166, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 75; also
in Bleeker, 1871e: 79)
Acanthorhodeus taenianalis Günther, 1873b: 247 (type lo-
cality: China: Shanghai; syntypes: BMNH 1873.7.30.80–
83 [4], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Acanthorhodeus dicaeus Rutter, 1897: 58 (China: Swatow
[Shantou]; syntypes: CAS-SU 4997 [1], 69687 [2],
Böhlke, 1953: 29, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Acanthorhodeus longispinnis Oshima, 1926: 14 (type lo-
cality: China: Hainan: Kachek River near Kachek; syn-
types [7]: LU)
Acanthorhodeus bergi Mori, 1928a: 63 (type locality: Ko-
rea: Manpochin; holotype: LU)
Acanthorhodeus Ngowyangi Tchang, 1930a: 115, pl. 3 fig. 2
(type locality: China: Yangtze River; syntypes [2]:
MNHN 1934-0097 [1], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 76; also
in Tchang, 1931a: 115, pl. 3 fig. 2)
Acanthorhodeus jeholicus Mori, 1934: Japanese p. 16, En-
glish p. 33, pl. 1 figs. 1–2 (type locality: China: Jehol,
Summer Palace [at Cheng-te, p. 3]; holotype: NSMT ?,
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Taxonomic notes. Acanthorodeus asmussii (Dybowski,
1872) and A. chankaensis (Dybowki, 1872) are often listed
as synonyms of A. macropterus but are distinct species
(Naseka & Bogutskaya, 2004: 281). Some of the species
listed in the above synonymy might in fact be synonyms of
A. asmussii or A. chankaensis. Synonymy partly follows Kim
(1997: 188) and Chen (1998a: 419).
[Devario Asmussii Dybowski, 1872: 212 (type locality: Russia: Chanka
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
71
Lake; syntypes: ZMB 7936 [2], IZPAN 6112 [2], Naseka & Boguts-
kaya, 2004: 281, pl. 1 fig. 3a, Holcik, 1962: 153 [neotype designation
by Holcik not valid as syntypes are still extent])].
[Devario chankaënsis Dybowski, 1872: 212 (type locality: Russia: Lake
Chanka; syntypes: NMW or IZPAN, lost, Naseka & Bogutskaya, 2004:
281; treated by Holcik, 1963, as hybrid Acanthorhodeus asmussii (Dy-
bowski, 1872) x Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776b: 704), which seems
erroneous)].
Acheilognathus nguyenvanhaoi Nguyen, Tran & Ta, 2013
Acheilognathus nguyenvanhaoi Nguyen [H. D.], Tran & Ta,
2013: 19, fig. 1 (type locality: Vietnam: Quang Ninh
Province: Tien Yen River at Binh Lieu town; holotype:
HNUE VI.1-F01)
Acheilognathus polyspinus (Holcik, 1972)
Acanthorhodeus polyspinus Holcik, 1972: 183, figs. 5–6
(type locality: Vietnam: Red River (Hong Bo) near Ha-
noi; holotype: MNHN 1934-0205)
Acanthorhodeus dayeus Mai, 1978: 187, fig. 85 (type local-
ity: Vietnam: Hoa Binh Province: Day River; syntypes:
DVZUT)
Acheilognathus tonkinensis (Vaillant, 1892)
Acanthorhodeus tonkinensis Vaillant, 1892: 127 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: area of Lai-Chau or Muong-Lai: Nam
Kia, second creek crossing road from Muong Kia
[22°07'N 100°30'E] to the west [details in Vaillant, 1904a:
461]; holotype: MNHN 1892-0046, Vaillant, 1904a: 465,
pl. 23 fig. 4, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 76))
Acanthorhodeus robustus Holcik, 1972: 181, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yangtze basin, Yi-Hing; holotype:
MNHN 1934-0088)
? Acanthorhodeus tonkinensis lamus Nguyen [T. T.], 1982:
25 (nomen nudum)
? Acanthorhodeus tonkinensis lamensis Nguyen [T. T.], in
Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 249, fig. 117 (not avail-
able; locality: Vietnam: Nge An Province: Song Lam;
material: VUP [30])
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy partly follows Chen (1998a:
428).
Nomenclatural notes. Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo (2001: 249)
listed Nguyen [T. T.], 1983: 70, pl. 3 fig. 1) as author of A. t.
lamensis. Nguyen (1983) is an unpublished thesis and the
name is not available from it. As the description in Nguyen
& Ngo (2001) is from Nguyen [T. T.] (1983), I treat the
author as Nguyen [T. T.], in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo. The
Code art. 16.1 requires that, after 1999, a new name must be
explicitly indicated as intentionally new. This is not the case
for A. lamensis and the name is not available. Further, to be
available, a new specific name published after 1999 must
be accompanied by the explicit designation of a holotype or
syntypes (art. 16.4). Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo (2001) mention
that the description is based on 30 specimens but they are
not mentioned as a holotype or syntypes.
Acrossocheilus Oshima, 1919
? Sinibarbus Sauvage, 1874: 335 (type species: Sinibarbus
vittatus Sauvage, 1874: 335, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Acrossocheilus Oshima, 1919: 206 (type species: Gymnos-
tomus formosanus Regan, 1908c: 149, by original des-
ignation). Gender masculine.
Lissochilichthys Oshima, 1920: 124 (type species: Lisso-
chilichthys matsudai Oshima, 1920: 124, by original des-
ignation). Gender masculine.
Masticbarbus Tang, 1942: 158 (type species: Masticbarbus
pentafasciatus Tang, 1942: 158, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Crassilabiatus Wu, 1977: 274 (nomen nudum)
Nomenclatural notes. Crassilabiatus is listed as a synonym
of Lissochilichthys in Wu (1977: 274), who refers to "Chu &
Wang, 1963: 2". I could not find such a paper and search
done
by Zhang E was unsuccessful too. We concluded that this is
actually an unpublished report and treat Crassilabiatus as a
nomen nudum. See also under Bangana yunannensis.
Acrossocheilus clivosius (Lin, 1935)
Lissochilus clivosius Lin, 1935a: 307, figs. 3–4 (type local-
ity: China: Guangxi: mountain stream of West Hill, near
Kweiping; holotype: FESC; spelt cliousius in caption of
Fig. 3, an inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spell-
ing [Code art. 32.5.1])
? Lissochilus laocaiensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969: 12
(type locality: Vietnam: Lao Cai Province: Ngoi Bo, Suoi
Trinh Quyen stream; lectotype: "NCNTTSI "173", des-
ignated by Roberts & Catania, 2007: 90 [possibly
NCNTTSI H.01.72.04.01, erroneously listed as holotype
by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 377]; misspelt laocaieu-
sis p. 12 and laocaiensi p. 16, first reviser [Kottelat,
2001b: 118] retained laocaiensis as correct original spell-
ing; original figure missing in original description, first
published in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 376, fig. 182,
again in Nguyen [V. H.], 2007: 80, fig. 8; translation in
Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 2007: 69)
Acrossocheilus ikedai (Harada, 1943)
Lissochilus ikedai Harada, 1943: 23, pl. 7 fig. 23 (type lo-
cality: China: Hainan: Chang Jiang drainage; syntypes:
LU)
Acrossocheilus iridescens (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Cyclocheilichthys iridescens Nichols & Pope, 1927 [12
Sept]: 347, fig. 17 (type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa;
holotype: AMNH 8369)
? Barbus barbodon Nichols & Pope, 1927: 345, fig. 16 (type
locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH 8368)
Barbus paradoxus quinquefasciatus Koller, 1926b: 76 (type
locality: China: Hainan: stream on Mt. Wu-tschi; synty-
pes: NMW 5102 [1], 5103 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010; also in
Koller, 1927: 34, pl. 1 fig. 4)
Taxonomic notes. Records of A. paradoxus from Hainan
refer to A. iridescens.
[Barbus paradoxus Günther, 1868a: 97 (type locality: Taiwan; syntypes:
BMNH 1865.5.2.20–23 [4], Ho & Shao, 2011: 26)].
Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii (Regan, 1908)
Gymnostomus kreyenbergii Regan, 1908b: 109, pl. 4 fig. 1
(type locality: China: Nankancho, near Tinghsiang
[stream Nankanho near Pinghsian; Kreyenberg & Pap-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
72
penheim, 1908: 97; Jiangxi: Pingxiang, Yuan & Zhang,
2010a: 41]; syntypes: BMNH 1907.11.26.1–2 [2], Yuan
& Zhang, 2010b: 40, fig. 3)
Barbus hemispinus cincta Lin, 1931: 124, fig. (type locali-
ty: China: Guangxi: Yaoshan [Lin, 1933b: 213]; holo-
type: BLG)
Taxonomic notes. In area, present in Nanliu Jiang, Guangxi,
China (map in Yuan et al., 2006: 170). Acrossocheilus cinc-
tus is distinct from A. hemispinus (see Yuan & Zhang,
2010b). Their map (p. 48) shows a widely disjunct range
(mislabeled as A. hemispinus) between the Yangtze and Xi
Jiang drainages; it is not clear whether this represents a real
separation or a sampling artifact. In a simultaneously pub-
lished paper (Yuan & Zhang, 2010a), A. cinctus is treated as
a junior synonym of A. kreyenbergii. Their's and Regan's
(1908b: pl. 4) figures of the types differs from their photo-
graphs of fresh material that they had (2010b) identified as
A. cinctus in head shape, lower body profile, snout shape
(blunt vs. pointed) and position of the eye (closer to dorsal
profile of head); this need to be discussed.
[Barbus hemispinus Nichols, 1925f: 2 (type locality: China: Fukien
[Fujian]: near Yenping [Yanping]; holotype: AMNH 8435)].
? Acrossocheilus lamus (Mai, 1978)
Lissochilus lamus Mai, 1978: 101, fig. 43 (type locality:
northern Vietnam: Lam River; holotype: DVZUT)
Acrossocheilus longipinnis (Wu, 1939)
Lissochilus longipinnis Wu, 1939: 101 (type locality: Chi-
na: Guizhou: Yangso in Li Kiang or Kwi Kiang [Yang-
shuo in Zhuo Jiang or Gui Jiang Rivers, Xi Jiang drain-
age]; syntypes [3]: [repository not stated] 191, 249, 604)
Masticbarbus pentafasciatus Tang, 1942: 158, fig. 2 (type
locality: China: Kweichow: Kweiyang market [Guizhou:
Guiyang]; holotype: NKMC P0080)
Acrossocheilus iridescens zhujiangensis Wu & Lin, in Wu,
1977: 291, pl. 7-38 (type locality: China: Guangdong:
Beijiang drainage / Guangxi: Xijiang drainage; synty-
pes [24]: IHB 58-0334, 58-0417, 58-0608, 58-7203, 58-
7212, 58-7794, 189–190, 207, 0188, 0297–0299, 0770,
0786, 0823, 0922, 60-2086, 64-2126, 64-4238, 66-
IV0393, 66-0300, 73VI2022–2023)
Acrossocheilus stenotaeniatus Chu & Cui, in Chu & Chen,
1989: 205 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Funing Coun-
ty: Bo-Yi [Bo'ai town, Tuoning-Jiang, a tributary of You-
Jiang, Zhujiang drainage; now flooded by reservoir, not
equal with present Bo'ai; Yuan et al., 2012: 167]; holo-
type: KIZ 805283, Yuan et al., 2012: 161, fig. 1b)
Taxonomic notes. Records in area from coastal drainages
of Guangxi (Zhou & Zhang, 2006: 19, 296). Yuan & Zhang
(2010b: 46) considered A. stenotaeniatus to be a synonym
of A. iridescens. Their A. iridescens is considered here to be
three species: A. iridescens, A. longipinnis and A. yuanjian-
gensis and this makes A. stenotaeniatus a junior synonym
of A. longipinnis, as now confirmed by Yuan et al. (2012)
? Acrossocheilus macrophthalmus Nguyen, in Nguyen &
Ngo, 2001
Acrossocheilus macrophthalmus Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.]
& Ngo, 2001: 390, fig. 191 (type locality: Vietnam: Hoa
Binh Province: Da Bac district: Da River at Thac Bo;
holotype: NCNTTSI H.01.72.14.01)
Acrossocheilus malacopterus Zhang, 2005
Acrossocheilus malacopterus Zhang, 2005a: 254, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Guangdong: Zhu Jiang drainage: Lian
Jiang, a tributary of Bei Jiang, in Yangshan; holotype:
IHB 660286)
Acrossocheilus microstoma (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
Cyclocheilichthys microstoma Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936b:
227, fig. 5 (type locality: Vietnam: Tonkin: at Ban Mun,
Nam So, a tributary of Black River; holotype: MNHN
1935-0340; compound noun, indeclinable [not adjective
because it did not agree in gender in original descrip-
tion])
Acrossocheilus iridescens yuanjiangensis Wu & Lin, in Wu,
1977: 290, pl. 7-37 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yuan-
jiang [Red River] drainage: Hekou; syntypes: IHB 64-
40580, 581, 286, 50645 [4])
Acrossocheilus xamensis Kottelat, 2000
Acrossocheilus xamensis Kottelat, 2000a: 38, fig. 1 (type
locality: Laos: Houaphan Province: Houay Tangoua,
small stream entering Nam Xam in Ban Houatangoua;
20°09'24"N 104°32'50"E; holotype: ZRC 45297)
Acrossocheilus yunnanensis (Regan, 1904)
Barbus yunnanensis Regan, 1904a: 191 (type locality: Chi-
na: Yunnan: "Sea of Tien" at Yunnan Fu [Lake Dianchi
at Kunming]; holotype: BMNH 1904.1.26.28, Banister,
1973: 143)
? Barbus rendahli Lin, 1931: 122 (type locality: China:
Guangdong: Shiu-Kwan near Kwangtung [Zhu Jiang
drainage: Beijiang in Shaoguan; Zhang, 2005a: 258];
holotype: Chung Shan University 2943a, Eschmeyer,
2010)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy tentatively follows Zhang
(2005a).
Akrokolioplax Zhang & Kottelat, 2006
Akrokolioplax Zhang & Kottelat, 2006: 23 (type species:
Epalzeorhynchus bicornis Wu, in Wu, 1977: 357, by
original designation). Gender feminine.
Akrokolioplax bicornis (Wu, in Wu, 1977)
Epalzeorhynchus bicornis Wu, in Wu, 1977: 357, pl. 7-82
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Nujiang drainage [Sal-
ween], Liu Ku; holotype: IHB 64.8.1, Zhang & Kotte-
lat, 2006: 25, fig. 1)
Albulichthys Bleeker, 1859
Albulichthys Bleeker, 1859l: 153 (type species: Systomus
albuloides Bleeker, 1855l: 425, by monotypy; also in
Bleeker, 1860c: 430, without included species). Gender
masculine.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
73
Albulichthys albuloides (Bleeker, 1855)
Systomus albuloïdes Bleeker, 1855l: 425 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas River in
Pontianak; lectotype: RMNH 7033, designated by Esch-
meyer et al., 1998: 68)
Albulichthys Krempfi Pellegrin & Chevey, 1927: 304, fig.
(type locality: Cambodia: Pnom-Penh; holotype: MNHN
1927-0167, Kottelat, 1985b: 956)
Amblypharyngodon Bleeker, 1860
Mola Heckel, 1848f: 359 (type species: Cyprinus mola
Hamilton, 1822: 334, by monotypy; junior homonym of
Mola Linck, 1790: 37 and Mola Cuvier, 1797: 323, both
in Pisces). Gender feminine.
Amblypharyngodon Bleeker, 1860c: 433 (replacement name
for Mola Heckel, 1848f: 359). Gender masculine.
Mola Blyth, 1860b: 164 (type species: Mola buchanani
Blyth, 1860a: 164, by original designation; junior hom-
onym of Mola Linck, 1790: 37, Mola Cuvier, 1797: 323
and Mola Heckel, 1848f: 359, all in Pisces). Gender fem-
inine.
Brachygramma Day, 1865b: 304 (type species: Brachygram-
ma jerdonii Day, 1865b: 304, by monotypy; [erroneous-
ly listed as a synonym of Garra by Banarescu [1999:
20] who misidentified the type species). Gender neuter.
Nomenclatural notes. A "Mola Koelreuter, 1766: 337" is
cited by authors. As used by Koelreuter, Mola is clearny not
binominal and "Mola aculeata, limbo abdominis producto,
etc." is not the name of a species but the use of a Latin ver-
nacular name 'mola' followed by a descriptive sentence. The
name is not available. See also Welter-Schultes & Feuer-
stein (2008).
Amblypharyngodon atkinsonii (Blyth, 1860)
? Leuciscus harengula Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1844: 303, pl. 500 (type locality: Burma: Irrawad-
dy; syntypes: MNHN A.9531 [3], A.9532 [4], Vaillant,
1902: 105)
Mola Atkinsonii Blyth, 1860a: 164 (type locality: Burma:
Tenasserim; syntypes: possibly AMS B.7865 [1], Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Amblypharyngodon chulabhornae Vidthayanon & Kot-
telat, 1990
Amblypharyngodon chulabhornae Vidthayanon & Kottelat,
1990: 47, figs. 2–3 (type locality: Thailand: Nong Khai
Province: Amphoe Muang, Nong Tua, 17°52'N 102°49'E;
holotype: KUMF 2993)
Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus mola Hamilton, 1822: 334, 392, pl. 38 fig. 92 (type
locality: India: "every part of the Gangetic provinces";
types: NT)
? Leuciscus Chitul Sykes, 1839a: 161 (type locality: India:
Inderanee River near Chakun; types: BMNH ?; also in
Sykes, 1839b: 58, 1841: 363)
Rhodeus macrocephalus Jerdon, 1849: 324 (type locality:
India: Cavery River and tributaries, and Carnatic in tanks;
types: NT)
Mola Buchanani Blyth, 1860a: 164 (unnecessary replace-
ment name for Cyprinus mola Hamilton, 1822: 334)
Amblypharyngodon saranensis Chaudhuri, 1912: 440, pl.
39 fig. 2 (type locality: India: Bihar: Jharai River, Saran;
syntypes: ZSI F 3779/1 [1], F 3780/1 [1], Menon &
Yazdani, 1968: 104)
Cyprinus bilineatus Hora, 1933: 135 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Amblypharyngodon gadigarhi Malhotra & Dutta, 1975: 154,
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Jammu: Gadigarh Nallaha
Jammu; holotype: Dept. Biosciences, Univ. Jammu)
Amblyrhynchichthys Bleeker, 1859
Amblyrhynchichthys Bleeker, 1859c: 386 (type species:
Barbus truncatus Bleeker, 1850i: 13, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Amblyrhynchichthys micracanthus Ng & Kottelat, 2004
Amblyrhynchichthys micracanthus Ng & Kottelat, 2004a:
426, fig. 1 (type locality: Cambodia: Kandal Province:
Tonle Sap River 22 km upstream from Phnom Penh;
holotype: UMMZ 232203)
Amblyrhynchichthys truncatus (Bleeker, 1850)
Barbus truncatus Bleeker, 1850i: 13 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; lectotype:
RMNH 9091, designated by Ng & Kottelat, 2004a: 431)
Anabarilius Cockerell, 1923
Anabarilius Cockerell, 1923: 532 (subgenus of Barilius
Hamilton, 1822: 266; type species: Barilius andersoni
Regan, 1904b: 416, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Nicholsiculter Rendahl, 1928: 118 (type species: Hemicul-
ter andrewsi Nichols, 1918: 17, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Rohanus Chu, 1935: 11 (type species: Ischikauia transmon-
tana Nichols, 1925f: 7, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Anabarilius transmontanus (Nichols, 1925)
Ischikauaia transmontana Nichols, 1925f: 7 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: Yunnan Fu [Kunming]; holotype: AMNH
8441, Banarescu, 1971a: 14)
Ancherythroculter Yih & Wu, 1964
Ancherythroculter Yih & Wu, 1964: 106 (type species: Cha-
nodichthys kurematsui Kimura, 1934: 88, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Ancherythroculter daovantieni (Banarescu, 1967)
Erythroculter hypselonotus daovantieni Banarescu, 1967:
221, fig. 2, pl. 3 fig. 9 (type locality: Vietnam: Boi Riv-
er; holotype: IBTS 625)
Erythroculter pseudobrevicauda macrothalmus Nguyen [V.
H.] & Doan, 1969: 15 (type locality: Vietnam: Hanoi,
Ha Tay [West Lake] / Nam Ha Province, in Song Hong
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
74
[Red River] and Song Da drainages; syntypes [10]: prob-
ably in NCNTTSI; neotype designation by Roberts &
Catania, 2007: 93 invalid as need not stated, Code art.
73.1; spelt macrathalnus p. 16, first reviser [Kottelat,
2001b: 121] retained macrothalmus as correct original
spelling; translation in Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 2007:
73; figure mentioned in original description never pub-
lished)
? Ancherythroculter lini Luo, 1994: 48 (based on Erythro-
culter hypselonotus of Lin, 1934d: 621; type locality:
China: Guangxi: Wuchow; syntypes: ? FESC [2] and
material in cited references)
Nomenclatural notes. Roberts & Catania (2007: 93) des-
ignated IBTS 626 as neotype of E. p. macrothalmus. This
neotype designation is not valid as the need is not stated
expressly (Code art. 75.3). Roberts & Catania had not seen
the 'neotype' IBTS 626 but they stated that it is the holotype
of E. h. daovantieni. The identity of IBTS 626 is not known
(I did not search) but, according to the original description,
the holotype of E. h. daovantieni is IBTS 625.
Aphyocypris Günther, 1868
Aphyocypris Günther, 1868a: 201 (type species: Aphyocy-
pris chinensis Günther, 1868a: 201, by monotypy). Gen-
der feminine.
Yaoshanicus Lin, 1931: 50 (type species: Yaoshanicus ar-
cus Lin, 1931: 51, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Nicholsicypris Chu, 1935: 10 (type species: Aphyocypris
normalis Nichols & Pope, 1927: 376, by original desig-
nation). Gender feminine.
Pararasbora Regan, 1908e: 360 (type species: Pararasbo-
ra moltrechti Regan, 1908e: 360, by monotypy). Gen-
der feminine.
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Liao et al. (2011: 662).
? Aphyocypris dorsohorizontalis (Nguyen & Doan, 1969)
Nicholsicypris dorsohorizontalis Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan,
1969: 10 (type locality: Vietnam: Ha Bac Province; Dong
Phai, Cam Son, Bac Giang; lectotype: NCNTTSI "1041",
designated by Roberts & Catania, 2007: 89 [possibly
NCNTTSI H.01.06.02.01, erroneously listed as holotype
by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 44]; spelt dorsohrizon-
talis p. 3 and dorsohorizentalis p. 10, first reviser [Kot-
telat, 2001b: 116] retained dorsohorizontalis as correct
original spelling; original figure first published in Nguy-
en & Ngo, 2001: 44, fig. 8, again in Nguyen [V. H.],
2007: 78, fig. 2; translation in Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan,
2007: 68)
? Aphyocypris kyphus (Mai, 1978)
Yaoshanicus kyphus Mai, 1978: 138, fig. 61 (type locality:
Vietnam: Bac Thai Province: Ky Phu stream [not ex-
plicitly stated, implied from specific name and mention
of a single specimen; mention that the species occurs
together with "Y. normalis" for which several localities
are listed might mean that additional material from at
least two additional localities is involved]; holotype:
DVZUT)
Aphyocypris normalis Nichols & Pope, 1927
Aphyocypris normalis Nichols & Pope, 1927: 376, fig. 39,
pl. 26 fig. 4 (type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holo-
type: AMNH 8381)
Araiocypris Conway & Kottelat, 2008
Araiocypris Conway & Kottelat, 2008: 101 (type species:
Araiocypris batodes Conway & Kottelat, 2008: 102, by
original designation). Gender feminine.
Araiocypris batodes Conway & Kottelat, 2008
Araiocypris batodes Conway & Kottelat, 2008: 102, figs.
1–2 (type locality: Vietnam: Quang Ninh Province: Hai
Ninh District: forest creek near Khay Rau village, 10
km on road from Bac Phong Sinh to Mong Cai;
21°33'44"N 107°43'55"E; holotype: ZRC 50942)
Balantiocheilos Bleeker, 1859
Balantiocheilos Bleeker, 1859l: 149 (type species: Barbus
melanopterus Bleeker, 1850i: 11, by monotypy; also in
Bleeker, 1860c: 430, without included species). Gender
masculine.
Balantiocheilus Bleeker, 1863e: 198 (incorrect subsequent
spelling)
Balantiocheilos ambusticauda Ng & Kottelat, 2007
Balantiocheilos ambusticauda Ng & Kottelat, 2007a: 14,
fig. 1a (type locality: Thailand: Nakhon Sawan Prov-
ince: Bung Borapet; holotype: MHNG 2689.096)
Balantiocheilos melanopterus (Bleeker, 1850)
Barbus melanopterus Bleeker, 1850i: 11 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; ho-
lotype [103 mm TL]: ? RMNH 7030, Eschmeyer, 2010
['cotypes' listed by Bertin & Estève, 1948: 52 have no
type status as they are too large])
Bangana Hamilton, 1822
Bangana Hamilton, 1822: 277, 385 (subgenus of Cyprinus
Linnaeus, 1758: 320; type species: Cyprinus dero Hamil-
ton, 1822: 277, by subsequent designation by Jordan &
Evermann, 1917: 115). Gender feminine [Kullander et
al., 1999: 132].
Bengana Gray, 1835: "Directions for arranging the plates
of the numbers XI to XX", p. 2 (incorrect subsequent
spelling of Bangana Hamilton, 1822: 277 [on same page,
the same word is also used as an incorrect subsequent
spelling of Bengala Gray, 1834: pl. 96, which is another
genus])
Tylognathus Heckel, 1843: 1027 (type species: Varicorhi-
nus diplostomus Heckel, 1838: 67, by subsequent desig-
nation by Bleeker, 1863e: 194, 1863m: 25). Gender
masculine.
? Rohitodes Bleeker, 1860j: 114, 159 (type species: Labeo
cephalus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:
347, by subsequent designation by Bleeker, 1863e: 195,
1863m: 25). Gender masculine.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
75
Tylorhynchus Blyth, 1860b: 160 (apparently an incorrect
subsequent spelling [a lapsus] for Tylognathus Heckel,
1843: 1027)
Altigena Lin, 1933d: 342 (subgenus of Osteochilus Günther,
1868a: 40; not available, no type species designated,
Code art. 13.3)
Altigena Burton, 1934: 49 (subgenus of Osteochilus Günther,
1868a: 40; type species: Varicorhinus discognathoides
Nichols & Pope, 1927, by original designation). Gender
feminine.
Mirolabeo Wu, 1977: 341 (nomen nudum)
Taxonomic notes. Most species earlier identified as mem-
bers of the genus Sinilabeo in fact belong to Bangana be-
cause the original type species designation for Sinilabeo was
based on a misidentified Sinilabeo hummeli (see Zhang et
al., 2006). Mirolabeo is listed as a synonym of Sinilabeo by
Wu (1977: 341) and Chu & Chen (1989: 264) who refer to
"Chu & Wang, 1963: 4". I could not find such a paper and
search by Zhang E was unsuccessful too. We concluded that
this is actually an unpublished report and treat Mirolabeo as
a nomen nudum. See also under Bangana yunnanensis.
[Sinilabeo Rendahl, 1932: 81 (type species: Sinilabeo hummeli Zhang,
Kullander & Chen, 2006: 97, designated under Code art. 70.3.2, mis-
identified as Varicorhinus tungting Nichols, 1925e: 3 in original des-
ignation by Rendahl, 1932: 81). Gender masculine].
[Sinilabeo hummeli Zhang, Kullander & Chen, 2006: 97, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: China: Chongqing City, Jialing Jiang of upper Yangtze River
basin, approx. 29°19'N 106°18'E; holotype: IHB 2003051)].
Bangana almorae (Chaudhuri, 1912)
Labeo almorae Chaudhuri, 1912: 438, pl. 38 figs. 2 (type
locality: India: Almora, Western Himalayas; holotype:
ZSI F 2014/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 112)
? Bangana binhluensis (Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001)
Sinilabeo binhluensis Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 504, fig. 255 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau
Province: Phong To district, Binh Lu stream; holotype:
NCNTTSI H.01.92.14.01)
Bangana devdevi (Hora, 1936)
? Labeo cephalus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 347, pl. 487 (type locality: Burma: river of
Rangoon ["au Pégu" does not refer to the city of Pegu
but to a former name used for Burma]; syntypes: MNHN
3385 [2], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 21)
Labeo devdevi Hora, 1936b: 324 (based on "Burmese and
Siamese form" of Labeo dyocheilus (M'Clelland, 1839)
reported by Mukerji, 1934: 58; type locality: Burma:
Myitkyina District: Mali Hka basin: Phungin Hka; lec-
totype: ZSI FF 1442, designated by Jayaram & Das,
1980: 205, fig. 1A)
? Sinilabeo cirrhinoides Wu & Lin, in Wu, 1977: 344, pl. 7-
75 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yuanjiang [Red Riv-
er]; syntype: IHB 60315 [1], 60343 [1], 60344 [1], 60358
[1])
Taxonomic notes. Status of S. cirrhinoides follows Zhang &
Chen (2006: 48). It seems unlikely, however, that B. devdevi
would be present in the Irrawaddy, Salween and Red River
drainages but missing in the Mekong drainage.
Bangana discognathoides (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Varicorhinus discognathoides Nichols & Pope, 1927: 360,
fig. 26 (type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype:
AMNH 8389)
Varicorhinus pogonifer Lin, 1931: 107, 109, fig. p. 113 (type
locality: China: Hainan; types: LU, Eschmeyer, 2010;
spelt ponogiler p. 109, an inadvertent error, thus incor-
rect original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1])
Bangana elegans Kottelat, 1998
Bangana elegans Kottelat, 1998a: 23, fig. 16 (type locality:
Laos: Nam Gnouang, a tributary of Nam Theun entering
it downriver of Ban Thabak; 18°16'50"N 104°38'00"E;
holotype: ZRC 41779)
Bangana lemassoni (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
Varicorhinus Lemassoni Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936a: 19, fig.
1 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai-Chau / Bac Mé, Song-Gam,
tributary of Rivière Claire [Song Lo]; syntypes: MNHN
1935-0319 [1, listed as holotype by Bertin & Estève,
1948: 46, Banarescu, 1973: 106, fig. 6], MNHN 1935-
0320 [1])
Altigena bibarbata Mai, 1978: 68, fig. 28 (type locality:
northern Vietnam; holotype: DVZUT)
Bangana lippa (Fowler, 1936)
Labeo lippus Fowler, 1936a: 512, figs. 6–7 (type locality:
Burma: Shan States: Meng Pek, Mong Lin; holotype:
ANSP 64159, Böhlke, 1984: 81)
? Sinilabeo tonkinensis laticeps Wu & Lin, in Wu, 1977:
343, pl. 7-74 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Bu-Yuen
Jiang and Meng-Yang He, Mekong drainage; syntypes:
IHB 59108 [1], 634039 [1])
Sinilabeo longirostris Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 499, fig. 252 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau
Province: Dien Bien district [now Province]: Nam Rom
River [Mekong basin]; holotype: NCNTTSI
H.01.92.11.01)
Sinilabeo brevirostris Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 501, fig. 253 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau
Province: Dien Bien district [now Province]: Nam Rom
River [Mekong basin]; holotype: NCNTTSI
H.01.92.12.01)
Bangana musaei Kottelat & Steiner, 2011
Bangana musaei Kottelat & Steiner, 2011: 314, fig. 1 (type
locality: Laos: Khammouan Province: Xe Bangfai drain-
age, "Grotte des Nuages", near Ban Nong Ping,
17°22'54"N 106°53'05"E; holotype: MHNG 2723.038)
Bangana sinkleri (Fowler, 1934)
Labeo sinkleri Fowler, 1934a: 130, figs. 93–94 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Metang River [Nam
Mae Taeng], 35 miles north of Chiang Mai; holotype:
ANSP 58423, Böhlke, 1984: 91)
Bangana tonkinensis (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934)
Varicorhinus tonkinensis Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934: 338
(type locality: Vietnam: Tonkin: Ngoi-Thia River at
Nghia Lô, tributary of Red River [Song Hong] upstream
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
76
of Yên Bay; holotype: MNHN 1934-0257, Banarescu,
1973: 108, fig. 8)
Varicorhinus Graffeuili Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936a: 21, fig. 2
(type locality: Vietnam: Phong To, Nam Lung stream,
tributary of Black River [Song Da]; holotype: MNHN
1935-0321, Banarescu, 1973: 108, fig. 9)
? Sinilabeo tonkinensis loos Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] &
Ngo, 2001: 493, fig. 250 (type locality: Vietnam: Tuyen
Quang Province: Na Hang; holotype: NCNTTSI
H.01.92.09.01)
? Sinilabeo tonkinensis daos Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] &
Ngo, 2001: 495, fig. 251 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai
Chau Province: Song Da; holotype: NCNTTSI
H.01.92.10.01)
Bangana xanthogenys (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
Labeo xanthogenys Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936b: 221 (type
locality: Vietnam: Than Son, a small tributary of Rivière
Claire [Song Lo]; holotype: MNHN 1935-0331, Banares-
cu, 1973: 106, figs. 3, 5)
Altigena dorsoarcus Mai, 1978: 71, fig. 30 (type locality:
northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT)
? Altigena tetrabarbata Mai, 1978: 72, fig. 31 (type locali-
ty: northern Vietnam; holotype: DVZUT)
Sinilabeo xanthogenys songloensis Nguyen, in Nguyen [V.
H.] & Ngo, 2001: 486, fig. 246 (type locality: Vietnam:
Tuyen Quang Province: Na Hang District; holotype:
NCNTTSI H.01.92.05.01)
Bangana yunnanensis (Wu & Lin, in Wu, 1977)
? Mirolabeo yunnanensis Chu & Wang, 1963: 4 (not avail-
able, in a work not published under criteria of Code arts.
8.1.1, 8.1.2; locality: China: Yunnan: Tengchong, Ir-
rawaddy drainage)
Sinilabeo yunnanensis Wu & Lin, in Wu, 1977: 341, pl. 7-72
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna; lectotype:
IHB 591033, designated by Zhang & Chen, 2006: 49)
Nomenclatural notes. The original description of Sinilabeo
yunnanensis is often given as "Mirolabeo yunnanensis Chu
& Wang, 1963: 4". I have tried for many years to obtain a
copy of the original description of M. yunnanensis by Chu
& Wang (1963) and colleagues in China were not success-
ful in finding it either (Zhang E., pers. comm.; Fang F., pers.
comm.). This paper was referred to, among others, by Wu
(1977: 341) and Chu & Chen (1989: 264) who indicated
that it is an abstract. It has not been possible to find it. It is
not clear whether the work was produced by "a method that
assures numerous identical and durable copies" as required
by Code art. 8.1.3. But it is clear that it does not satisfy the
conditions of art. 8.1.1 ("issued for the purpose of provid-
ing a public and permanent scientific record") and 8.1.2 ("ob-
tained, when first issued, free of charge or by purchase"). If
the work cannot be found in any library it provides neither
public nor permanent information and is not a record. The
question whether it was obtainable when first 'published'
remains open; it is doubtful that an abstract was obtainable
[including to foreigners, which a public record should be] if
it is not even found in the institutions in which the authors
were working. Since the above was written, Zhang & Chen
(2006: 49) reached the same conclusion.
The name yunannensis is first made available, as Sini-
labeo yunnanensis by Wu & Lin (in Wu, 1977) and takes its
types and type locality from the material they list. Consid-
ering that Chu & Wang's material was from the Irrawaddy
drainage (China: Yunnan: Tengchong), it is not certain that
Wu & Lin's material (from the Zhujiang and Mekong drain-
ages) is conspecific, but this is not relevant for nomencla-
tural purposes.
Barbichthys Bleeker, 1859
Barbichthys Bleeker, 1859l: 147 (type species: Barbus lae-
vis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 192,
by monotypy; also in Bleeker, 1860c: 424, without in-
cluded species). Gender masculine.
Barbichthys laevis (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842)
Labiobarbus Lipocheïlus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 [translat-
ed in Alfred, 1961b: 86], 1824: 376 (nomen nudum,
Kottelat, 1987a: 370)
Barbus laevis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:
192 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Buitenzorg [Bogor]
and Sarayevi; syntypes: ? RMNH 2531 [1], D1811 [1],
D1812 [1], Roberts, 1993b: 15, Kottelat, 2000d: 83)
Barbus nudicephalus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 193 (not available, name listed in synonymy
[unpublished manuscript name of Kuhl and van Hasselt])
Barbus brachynemus Bleeker, 1849h: 18 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Kalimas River [Brantas] in Surabaya; syn-
types [up to 197 mm TL]: ? RMNH)
Barbus gobioïdes Bleeker, 1852r: 592 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [105 mm TL]: LU)
Barbus taeniopterus Bleeker, 1857n: 475 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Barbus gobioides Bleeker, 1852r:
592)
Barbichthys nitidus Sauvage, 1878b: 241 (type locality: In-
dochina; lectotype: MNHN 8587, designated by Banares-
cu, 1980a: 98, fig.)
Barbichthys laevis var. sumatranus Volz, 1904: 478 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Indragiri drainage: Danau
Sialong Lotong [near Japura; Schneider, 1905: 28]; syn-
types: ? NMW, MHNG 683.26 [1], Weber, 1998: 6)
Barbodes Bleeker, 1859
Barbodes Bleeker, 1859f: 361, 371 (subgenus of Systomus
McClelland, 1838: 943; type species: Barbus maculatus
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 195, by
subsequent designation by Kottelat, 1999a: 595). Gen-
der masculine.
Mandibularca Herre, 1924a: 1568 (type species: Mandibu-
larca resimus Herre, 1924a: 1568, by original designa-
tion; also in Herre, 1924b: 272, with same type species
but by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Cephalakompsus Herre, 1924a: 1568 (type species: Ceph-
alakompsus pachycheilus Herre, 1924a: 1569, by origi-
nal designation; also in Herre, 1924b: 276, with same
type species but by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Ospatulus Herre, 1924a: 1569 (type species: Ospatulus trun-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
77
catulus Herre, 1924b: 278, by subsequent designation
in Herre, 1924b: 277; also in Herre, 1924b: 277, with
same type species but by original designation [p. 279]).
Gender masculine.
Spratellicypris Herre & Myers, 1931: 239 (type species:
Barbodes palata Herre, 1924b: 305, by original desig-
nation). Gender feminine.
Species inquirenda:
Barbus dorsimaculatus Ahl, 1923: 183 (type locality: pos-
sibly Indonesia: Sumatra; syntypes [20]: ZMB 20671
[20], Paepke, 1995: 90)
Taxonomic notes. Identity not resolved. I have examined
the syntypes, which are in part fish that died in aquarium
and were already in poor state at the time fixation. I am
unable to place them in any genus known from Sumatra.
The black spot at the tip of the dorsal fin is reminiscent of
Discherodontus, but B. dorsimaculatus has the anus imme-
diately in front of anal-fin origin, while it is separated by
3–5 scales in Discherodontus. The scale counts exclude Bar-
bonymus. The radii on the scales are radiating from the fo-
cus, as in Puntius s.l. It could possibly be an Indian or an
African species.
Unavailable name
Puntius equalitus Nguyen & Le, in Eve et al., 2000: 49,
134, 137, 141 (not available, location of holotype not
mentioned, Code art. 16.4.2, and intention not explicit,
Code art. 16.1; locality: Vietnam: Ha Tinh Province: Vu
Quang Nature Reserve: Huong Tho guard station)
Barbodes amarus Herre, 1924
Barbodes amara Herre, 1924a: 1569 (nomen nudum)
Barbodes amara Herre, 1924b: 295 (type locality: Philip-
pines: Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Dansalan; holotype: BSM
9167, lost)
Barbodes aurotaeniatus (Tirant, 1885)
Barbus aurotaeniatus Tirant, 1885 [1929: 160] (type local-
ity: Vietnam: Thu-dau-mot; lectotype: MGHNL
42000258, designated by Kottelat, 1987c: 8, fig. 2)
Puntius stigmatosomus Smith, 1931a: 13, fig. 6 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Chantaburi Province: waterfall in Pliew
stream, Kao Sabap; holotype: USNM 90296)
Barbus pessuliferus Fowler, 1937: 196, figs. 157–158 (type
locality: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP 68141,
Böhlke, 1984: 88)
Puntius sametensis Smith, 1945: 176, fig. 28 (type locality:
Thailand: Chantaburi Province: Nong Samet; holotype:
USNM 117755)
Barbodes banksi (Herre, 1940)
Puntius binotatus banksi Herre, 1940b: 31 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: 18 miles east of Kuching; lec-
totype: CAS-SU 33900, designated by Böhlke, 1953: 37)
Barbodes baoulan Herre, 1926
Barbodes baoulan Herre, 1926a: 499, pl. 1 (type locality:
Philippines: Mindanao: Lake Lanao; syntypes [9]: BSM
[lost], CAS-SU 24469 [1], Böhlke, 1953: 30)
Barbodes binotatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842)
Barbus maculatus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt,
1823c: 132 [translated in Alfred, 1961b: 85], 1824b: 375
(nomen nudum, Kottelat, 1987a: 370)
Barbus striatus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 [translated in Al-
fred, 1961b: 85], 1824b: 375 (nomen nudum, Kottelat,
1987a: 370)
Barbus binotatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 168 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; syntypes:
RMNH 2455 [3], Roberts, 1993b: 21 [not listed as syn-
types])
Barbus maculatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 195 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Buitenzorg
[Bogor]; types: apparently based on a drawing by Kuhl
and van Hasselt, reproduced in Roberts, 1993b: fig. 16
[figured specimen possibly part of RMNH 2455, synty-
pes of B. binotatus]; simultaneous subjective synonym
of Barbus binotatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842: 168, first reviser [Bleeker, 1855k: 408] gave
precedence to B. binotatus)
Barbus oresigenes Bleeker, 1849h: 17 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Lake Diëng / lake and river Ambarawa; syn-
types [up to 139 mm TL]: LU)
Barbus blitonensis Bleeker, 1852c: 96 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Belitung: Tjirutjup River; holotype [117 mm TL]: LU)
Barbus kusanensis Bleeker, 1852o: 429 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Kusan River in
Prabakarta [Kusan River enters sea at about 3°33'40"S
115°59'35"E near Pagatan]; holotype [76 mm TL]: LU)
? Barbus bunter Bleeker, 1857i: 350 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Tjidani River in Tjampea; holotype [115 mm
TL]: lost, description based on a drawing, Bleeker, 1857i:
351)
Barbus polyspilos Bleeker, 1857i: 351 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Bantan Province: Perdana, Tjibiliong; syn-
types [7, 57–109 mm TL]: ? RMNH)
Systomus goniosoma Bleeker, 1860j: 349 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Benkulen; holotype [146 mm TL]:
BMNH 1866.5.2.193, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barbus striatus Bleeker, 1860j: 19 (not available, name list-
ed in synonymy; a manuscript name of Kuhl and van
Hasselt)
? Systomus macularius Blyth, 1860b: 159 (type locality:
Burma: Tenasserim [Sitang River; Day, 1869: 557]; syn-
types: ZSI [2], Day, 1870b: 557)
Puntius amblyrhynchus Bleeker, 1864a: 104, pl. 144 fig. 5
(type locality: Indonesia: Java: Tjampea; holotype [49
mm TL]: BMNH 1866.5.2.188, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barbus maculatus var. hagenii Popta, 1911a: 9 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Lombok: Sembalun, Sadjang, Praya,
Selong, Sapit; syntypes [95]: SMF 22299 [4], 22301 [1],
22302 [10], 22303 [5], 22304 [1], 22305 [12], 22306
[4], 22307 [1], 22308 [1], 22309 [7], 22310 [9], 22311
[1], 22312 [23], 22313 [1], 22314 [2], RMNH 10501
[1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
? Barbus simplex Schreitmüller, 1935a: 508, 1 fig. (type
locality: "Malay Archipelago"; syntypes [2]: apparently
lost [not in ZMB or ZSM, H.-J. Paepke, pers. comm.;
pers. obs.])
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
78
Nomenclatural notes. Barbus binotatus Valenciennes, 1842
and B. maculatus Valenciennes, 1842 are simultaneous syn-
onyms (and possibly objective synonyms, one being based
on specimens and the other on a drawing sent by van Has-
selt from Java).
Barbodes bunau (Rachmatika, 2005)
Puntius bunau Rachmatika, 2005: 182, figs. 1–2 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Paya Se-
turan: Sesayap basin, Sungai Belalang at 113 m [masl ?];
holotype: MZB 12074)
Barbodes cataractae (Fowler, 1934)
Barbus cataractae Fowler, 1934c: 280, fig. 40 (type locali-
ty: Philippines: Mindanao: Cascade River, Murcielagos
Bay; holotype: USNM 93137)
Barbodes clemensi Herre, 1924
Barbodes clemensi Herre, 1924a: 1569 (nomen nudum)
Barbodes clemensi Herre, 1924b: 293 (type locality: Phil-
ippines: Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Dansalan; holotype:
BSM 10159, lost)
Barbodes disa Herre, 1932
Barbodes disa Herre, 1932a: 140 (type locality: Philippines:
Mindanao: Lake Lanao, market at Dansalan; holotype:
CAS-SU 27713, Böhlke, 1953: 30)
Barbodes dunckeri (Ahl, 1929)
Barbus dunckeri Ahl, 1929: 165, 1 fig. (type locality: Sin-
gapore: Bukit Timah; syntypes: ZMB 31739 [1, listed as
holotype by Paepke, 1989: 404], 20856 [2], 20861 [2],
20866 [2], 20876 [3], Paepke, 1995: 90, Eschmeyer,
2010, and specimens identified by Duncker [possibly not
preserved as identification was based on a drawing, see
Brüning, 1910: 27, 1914: 469, fig. 2, Paepke, 1989: 404];
reference to description in Zoologischer Anzeiger erro-
neous [Paepke, 1989: 404]; also in Ahl, 1940: 243)
Barbodes everetti (Boulenger, 1894)
Barbus Everetti Boulenger, 1894a: 248 (type locality: Ma-
laysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Poeh; syntypes: BMNH
1893.3.6.213–218 [6], Paepke, 1989: 404)
Barbodes flavifuscus Herre, 1924
Barbodes flavifuscus Herre, 1924a: 1569 (nomen nudum)
Barbodes flavifuscus Herre, 1924b: 296 (type locality: Phil-
ippines: Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Lumbatan; holotype:
BSM 9164)
Barbodes hemictenus Jordan & Richardson, 1908
Barbodes hemictenus Jordan & Richardson, 1908: 241, fig.
5 (type locality: Philippines: Mindoro [possibly Camp
Balete, Rio Baco ?]; holotype: CAS-SU 20213, Böhlke,
1953: 30)
Barbodes herrei (Fowler, 1934)
Barbus herrei Fowler, 1934c: 280, fig. 41 (type locality:
Philippines: Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Vicar market; ho-
lotype: USNM 93138, Böhlke, 1953: 30)
Barbodes ivis (Seale, 1910)
Barbus ivis Seale, 1910a: 494, pl. 1 (type locality: Philip-
pines: Balabac: small stream near Balabac; holotype:
BSM 5233 [lost])
Barbodes joaquinae (Wood, 1968)
Puntius joaquinae Wood, 1968: 415, figs. 3–4 (type locali-
ty: Philippines: Mindanao: stream flowing from Basak
Lake to Agus River, 100 m west of highway 1, nearest
barrio is Saguiaren; holotype: FMNH 73395)
Barbodes katolo Herre, 1924
Barbodes katolo Herre, 1924a: 1569 (nomen nudum)
Barbodes katolo Herre, 1924b: 301 (type locality: Philip-
pines: Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Dansalan; holotype: BSM
9161, lost)
Barbodes kuchingensis (Herre, 1940)
Puntius kuchhingensis Herre, 1940a: 11, pl. 5 (type locali-
ty: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: 18 miles east of Kuching;
holotype: CAS-SU 33014, Böhlke, 1953: 37)
Puntius lateristriga punctatus Banarescu & Bianco, 1984:
67, fig. 3 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan
Barat: small river 10 km southeast of Segadau; holo-
type: IZA 8152; junior primary homonym of Puntius
punctatus Day, 1865b: 302)
Barbodes lanaoensis Herre, 1924
Barbodes lanaoensis Herre, 1924a: 1569 (nomen nudum)
Barbodes lanaoensis Herre, 1924b: 300 (type locality: Phil-
ippines: Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Dansalan; syntypes
[11]: BSM, lost)
Barbodes lateristriga (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1842)
? Barbus leuciscus lateristriatus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van
Hasselt, 1823c: 132 [translated in Alfred, 1961b: 85],
1824b: 375 (nomen nudum, Kottelat, 1987a: 370)
Barbus lateristriga Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 161 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Sading-
wetang [not a vernacular name, but a place name; Cu-
vier & Valenciennes, 1842: 192; Bleeker, 1864a: 103];
lectotype: MNHN A.9939, by present designation [Rob-
erts, 1993b: 21])
Barbus zelleri Ahl, 1937: 115 (type locality: Malay Penin-
sula ?; syntypes [10]: ZMB 20859, 20865, Paepke, 1995:
90)
Nomenclatural notes. Roberts (1993: 21) listed specimen
MNHN A.9939 as holotype of B. lateristriga. In the origi-
nal description, Valenciennes did not indicate that he had a
single specimen; he explicitly indicated having seen a draw-
ing sent by Kuhl and van Hasselt. Unless it can be demon-
strated that Valenciennes had a single specimen (and if he
was given one from RMNH, this likely implies that more
than one were present in RMNH) and that the drawing is
based on this specimen, there cannot be a holotype but a
series of syntypes.
Barbodes lindog Herre, 1924
Barbodes lindog Herre, 1924a: 1569 (nomen nudum)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
79
Barbodes lindog Herre, 1924b: 304 (type locality: Philip-
pines: Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Dansalan; syntypes [25]:
BSM, lost, CAS-SU 27714 [2], 24466 [3], Böhlke, 1953:
30, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barbodes manalak Herre, 1924
Barbodes manalak Herre, 1924a: 1569 (nomen nudum)
Barbodes manalak Herre, 1924b: 302 (type locality: Philip-
pines: Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Dansalan; holotype: BSM
9998, lost)
Barbodes manguaoensis (Day, 1914)
Barbus manguaoensis Day, 1914: 189, pl. 1 fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: Philippines: Palawan: Lake Manguao; holotype:
Day's collection at University of Philippines, Herre,
1924b: 298)
Barbus bantolanensis Day, 1914: 188, pl. 1 fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Philippines: Palawan: Lake Manguao, southwest
of Taytay; holotype: CAS-SU 29823, Böhlke, 1953: 30;
subjective simultaneous synonym of B. manguaoensis
Day, 1914: 189, first reviser [Cervancia & Kottelat, 2007:
145] gave precedence to B. manguaoensis)
Barbodes microps (Günther, 1868)
Barbus microps Günther, 1868a: 124 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java; syntypes: BMNH 1845.4.22.334–336 [3],
1845.4.22.341–342 [2])
Barbodes montanoi (Sauvage, 1881)
Puntius Montanoi Sauvage, 1881b: 103 (type locality: Phil-
ippines: Mindanao: Simulao stream; syntypes: MNHN
3398 [1, listed as holotype], 3399 [12], Bertin & Estève,
1948: 29)
Barbodes pachycheilus (Herre, 1924)
Cephalakompus pachycheilus Herre, 1924a: 1569 (type lo-
cality: Philippines: Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Dansalan;
holotype: BSM, lost; also in Herre, 1924b: 276, pl. 2 fig.
2)
Barbodes palaemophagus (Herre, 1924)
Ospatulus palaemophagus Herre, 1924a: 1569 (nomen nu-
dum)
Ospatulus palaemophagus Herre, 1924b: 279 (type locali-
ty: Philippines: Mindanao: Lumbatan, south shore of
Lake Lanao; holotype: BSM 9200, lost)
Barbodes palata Herre, 1924
Barbodes palata Herre, 1924a: 1569 (nomen nudum)
Barbodes palata Herre, 1924b: 305 (type locality: Philip-
pines: Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Dansalan; syntypes [22]:
BSM, lost)
Barbodes palavanensis (Boulenger, 1895)
Barbus palavanensis Boulenger, 1895b: 186 (type locality:
Philippines: Palawan; syntypes: BMNH 1894.6.30.188–
190 [3], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barbodes quinquemaculatus (Seale & Bean, 1907)
Barbus quinquemaculatus Seale & Bean, 1907: 229, fig. 1
(type locality: Philippines: Mindanao: Zamboanga; ho-
lotype: USNM 57840)
Barbodes resimus (Herre, 1924)
Mandibularca resimus Herre, 1924a: 1568 (type locality:
Philippines: Mindanao: rapids of Agus River below Dan-
salan bridge; syntypes [7]: BSM [3, lost]; also in Herre,
1924b: 273, pl. 1, with spelling resinus)
Nomenclatural notes. Herre (1924a: 1568) used the spell-
ing resimus and in another paper published the same year
(1924b: 273) he used resinus. The precedence of the two
papers is not certain but there are indications that the 1924a
paper appeared first (see Bibliography). The etymology and
spelling of resinus in Herre (1924b: 272) are erroneous.
Herre stated that resinus means "turned upward". Actually,
the correct spelling of "turned upward" is resimus. The 1924b
spelling is either an obvious lapsus calami (Code art. 32.5.1)
that must be corrected if the 1924b paper appeared first, or
an incorrect subsequent spelling if it appeared last.
Barbodes rhombeus (Kottelat, 2000)
Puntius rhombeus Kottelat, 2000a: 49, fig. 16 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Trat Province: stream near Ban Tha Kum,
9 km north of Ban Noen Sung on road 3271 from Trat to
Bo Rai; 12°32'N 102°37'E; holotype: ZRC 45312)
Barbodes sealei (Herre, 1933)
Barbus elongatus Seale, 1910c: 265, pl. 2 fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Sandakan; holotype: BSM
2566, lost; junior primary homonym of Barbus elonga-
tus Rüppell, 1835b: 11)
Barbodes sealei Herre, 1933b: 3 (replacement name for
Barbus elongatus Seale, 1910a: 265)
Puntius sibukensis Fowler, 1941a: 799, fig. 25 (type locali-
ty: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Silimpopon River, Sibuko
Bay; holotype: USNM 99438)
Barbodes semifasciolatus (Günther, 1868)
Barbus fasciolatus Günther, 1868a: 140 (type locality: Chi-
na; holotype: BMNH 1851.12.27.185, Eschmeyer, 2010;
simultaneous primary homonym of Barbus fasciolatus
Günther, 1868a: 108; replaced in same work by Barbus
semifasciolatus Günther, 1868a: 484)
Barbus semifasciolatus Günther, 1868a: 484 (replacement
name for Barbus fasciolatus Günther, 1868a: 140)
Puntius Güntheri Bleeker, 1871b: 9 (replacement name for
Barbus fasciolatus Günther, 1868a: 140)
? Barbus aureus Tirant, 1883: 96 (type locality: Vietnam:
river of Hué; lectotype: MGHNL 42000029, [formerly
3566] designated by Kottelat, 1987c: 7, fig. 1; secondary
junior homonym of Labeobarbus aureus Cope, 1867a:
406 when placed in Barbus by Boulenger, 1907: 390)
Barbus sachsii Ahl, 1923: 182 (type locality: unknown,
possibly India, "Indo-Malay archipelago" or China ?;
syntypes [2]: ZMB 20670 [1], Paepke, 1995: 90)
Barbus hainani Lohberger, 1929: 49, fig. 1 (type locality:
China: Hainan: Kan-Kong stream; syntypes [92]: NMW
18424–73, 18383–422 [?], MSNM 4427 [1], Conci &
Michelangeli, 1974: 224, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Puntius hainanensis Chevey & Lemasson, 1937a: 60 (un-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
80
justified emendation of Barbus hainani Lohberger, 1929:
49; also Chevey & Lemasson, 1937b: 60)
? Barbus fernandez-ypezi Fowler, 1958a: 12 (replacement
name for Barbus aureus Tirant, 1883: 96)
? Puntius paucimaculatus Wang & Ni, 1982: 329, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Hainan: Baoting County: Lingshuixi and
Tengqiaoxi streams, Shiling; holotype: ECSFI 65-3568)
Taxonomic notes. Puntius snyderi is usually listed as a syn-
onym of P. semifasciolatus but is a distinct species (Chen &
Chang, 2005: 169; Chang et al., 2006).
[Puntius snyderi Oshima, 1919: 216, pl. 50 fig. 2 (type locality: Taiwan:
Rigyokutsu, Nanto; lectotype: FMNH 59093, designated by Eschmeyer
et al., 1998: 1576)].
Barbodes sirang Herre, 1932
Barbodes sirang Herre, 1932a: 140 (type locality: Philip-
pines: Mindanao: near Lumbatan on the south shore of
Lake Lanao; holotype: CAS-SU 69047, Böhlke, 1953:
30, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barbodes stigma (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1844)
Leuciscus stigma Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1844: 93, pl. 489 (type locality: India: Mysore; holo-
type: MNHN 6414, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 26)
Distribution notes. Record from Myanmar (Fowler, 1939c: 7)
needs confirmation.
Barbodes tras Herre, 1926
Barbodes tras Herre, 1926a: 501, pl. 2 (type locality: Phil-
ippines: Mindanao: Lake Lanao, camp Keithley; holo-
type: PBNSM, lost)
Barbodes truncatulus (Herre, 1924)
Ospatulus truncatulus Herre, 1924a: 1569 (nomen nudum)
Ospatulus truncatulus Herre, 1924b: 278, pl. 2 fig. 1 (type
locality: Philippines: Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Dansalan;
holotype: BSM 9190, lost)
Barbodes tumba Herre, 1924
Barbodes tumba Herre, 1924a: 1569 (nomen nudum)
Barbodes tumba Herre, 1924b: 285 (type locality: Philip-
pines: Mindanao: highlands of Lanao Province: Siwa-
gat River, a stream in the mountains east of Lake Lanao /
Lake Uyaan / Lake Nunuñgan / outlet of Lake Dapao;
syntypes [296]: BSM, lost, CAS-SU 24471 [3], Böhlke,
1953: 30)
Barbodes umalii (Wood, 1968)
Puntius umalii Wood, 1968: 412, figs. 1–2 (type locality:
Philippines: Mindanao: Agus River, barrio Matampay,
200 m from Provincial Highway 1; holotype: FMNH
73393)
Barbodes xouthos (Kottelat & Tan, 2011)
Systomus xouthos Kottelat & Tan, 2011b: 211, fig. 1 (type
locality: Borneo: Brunei Darussalam: Tutong District:
Sungai Merimbun, outflow from Tasik Merimbun, drain-
ing into Sungai Tutong, 4°36’5.7”N 114°40’41.1”E;
holotype: ZRC 51185)
Barbonymus Kottelat, 1999
Barbonymus Kottelat, 1999a: 595 (type species: Barbus
schwanenfeldii Bleeker, 1854d: 517, by original desig-
nation). Gender masculine.
Barbonymus altus (Günther, 1868)
? Puntius Bocourti Bleeker, 1864g: 35 (nomen nudum);
1864j: 176 (nomen nudum)
Barbus altus Günther, 1868a: 119 (type locality: Thailand;
syntypes [4]: BMNH 1862.11.1.41 [1])
Barbus foxi Fowler, 1937: 188, figs. 144–145 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP 68135, Böhlke,
1984: 76)
Barbonymus balleroides (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Va-
lenciennes, 1842)
? Barbus hypseconotus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 [translated
in Alfred, 1961b: 85] (nomen nudum, Kottelat, 1987a:
370)
? Barbus hypoeconatus van Hasselt, 1824b: 375 (nomen
nudum)
Barbus balleroides Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 158 (type locality: reportedly from Surinam
[error; probably Dutch East Indies]; holotype: MNHN
3394, Fang, 1943: 400, Pellegrin, 1934a: 24)
Barbus bramoides Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 160 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; syntypes:
? RMNH 1954 [1], ? SMF 2584 [1], 2595 [1], Roberts,
1993b: 21, Eschmeyer, 2010 [RMNH 1970 [1, 190 mm
TL] apparently too large to be syntype]; simultaneous
synonym of Barbus balleroides Valenciennes, in Cuvier
& Valenciennes, 1842: 158, first reviser [Pellegrin,
1934a: 24] gave precedence to B. balleroides)
Barbus hypsylonotus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 168 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype:
? RMNH 7022 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010; simultaneous syn-
onym of Barbus balleroides Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1842: 158, as first reviser I give prece-
dence to B. balleroides; simultaneous synonym of Bar-
bus bramoides Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 160, first reviser [Günther, 1868a: 117] gave pre-
cedence to B. bramoides)
Barbus wadon Bleeker, 1849h: 14 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Kalimas River [Brantas] in Surabaya; synty-
pes: ? SMNS 10588 [1], Fricke, 1991: 12)
Barbus erythropterus Bleeker, 1849h: 15 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Kalimas River [Brantas] in Surabaya; syn-
types [up to 175 mm TL]: RMNH 7016 [1], 10346 [5],
BMNH 1866.5.2.195 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010 [MNHN
3839 listed by Bertin & Estève, 1948: 27 as 'cotype' is
not a syntype as it is from Batavia])
Barbus amblycephalus Bleeker, 1855c: 166 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Pengaron; holotype [290 mm TL]:
LU)
Barbus macrophthalmus Bleeker, 1855k: 404 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Java: Tjiliwong River [Ciliwong] in Bata-
via [Jakarta], Kalimas River [Brantas] in Surabaya; syn-
types [5, 75–115 mm TL]: RMNH 7021 [10], 10368 [3],
BMNH 1866.5.2.181 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
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81
Barbonymus belinka (Bleeker, 1860)
Systomus belinka Bleeker, 1860j: 321 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Padang, Solok, Lake Singkarak; synty-
pes [9, 61–113 mm TL]: RMNH 7020 [1], 7132 [1],
BMNH 1866.5.2.192 [1], ? NMV 45938 [1], Eschmey-
er, 2010)
Barbonymus collingwoodii (Günther, 1868)
Barbus collingwoodii Günther, 1868a: 483 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak; holotype: BMNH
1868.1.27.15, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barbus Boulengerii Popta, 1905a: 172 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Bongan River / Kali-
mantan Timur: Howong River [about 0°15'N 115°30'E]
and Bo River; syntypes: RMNH 7598 [3], 7599 [1], 7600
[2]; also in Popta, 1906: 132, pl. 8 fig. 30)
Barbonymus gonionotus (Bleeker, 1849)
Barbus gonionotus Bleeker, 1849h: 15 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Kalimas River [Brantas] in Surabaya; syn-
types [up to 207 mm TL]: BMNH 1866.5.2.183 [1], Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Barbus javanicus Bleeker, 1855k: 403 (type locality: Indo-
ne
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta] Province: Tjitarum and Be-
kassi Rivers / Pasuruan Province: Gempol River; syntypes
[30, 143–315 mm TL]: RMNH 5218 [1], 8035 [2], BMNH
1866.5.2.196 [1], NMV 45903 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barbus koilometopon Bleeker, 1857i: 347 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta] Province: Tjiliwong
[Ciliwong] and Becassi [Bekasi] Rivers; syntypes [2,
153–164 mm TL]: BMNH 1866.5.2.180 [1],
1867.11.28.80 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Puntius jolamarki Smith, 1934: 310 (type locality: Thailand:
Menam Chao Phraya at Bangsorn; holotype: ? KUMF)
? Puntius viehoeveri Fowler, 1943a: 26, 2 figs. (type local-
ity: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 70615, Böhlke,
1984: 94)
Barbonymus mahakkamensis (Ahl, 1922)
Barbus mahakkamensis Ahl, 1922a: 34 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: "Mahakkam Kutei";
syntypes: ZMB 20533 [5])
Barbonymus platysoma (Bleeker, 1855)
Barbus platysoma Bleeker, 1855k: 404 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Pepeh River in Surakarta; holotype [180 mm
TL]: BMNH 1866.5.2.184, Weber & de Beaufort, 1916:
190, Eschmeyer, 2010; also spelt platijsoma p. 404, ap-
parently no previous reviser, I retain platysoma as cor-
rect original spelling)
Barbonymus schwanefeldii (Bleeker, 1854)
Barbus Schwanenfeldii Bleeker, 1854d: 517 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Lake Singkarak, Muara Kompeh,
Palembang, Pangabuang; syntypes [8, 57–260 mm TL]:
RMNH 7013 [1], RMNH 10322 [3], BMNH
1866.5.2.178 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010 ['cotype' listed by
Bertin & Estève, 1948: 28 has no type status as it is from
Borneo]; inadvertent error for schwanefeldii, must be
corrected, Code art. 32.5.1)
Systomus Schwanefeldi Bleeker, 1860a: 53 (justified emen-
dation of Barbus schwanenfeldii Bleeker, 1854d: 517)
Barbus Schwanefeldi var. rubra Vaillant, 1902: 95 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Mahakam
River at Tepoe ["3 hours upstream of Melak by steam-
er", Nieuwenhuis, 1900: 354; based on Nieuwenhuis'
map apparently today's Tering Lama [Tring]; about
0°04'10"S 115°38'40"E]; syntypes: RMNH [4])
Nomenclatural notes. (1854d: 517) originally described this
species with the spelling schwanenfeldii, dedicated to the
collector "H. W. Schwanenfeld". Later, Bleeker (1860a: 63)
emended it as schwanefeldi because the correct spelling of
the collector's name Schwanefeld. Elsewhere in the same
issue of the journal including the 1854 description, but not
in the same paper (p. 540, 545), Schwanefeld's name was in
fact spelt correctly, as it is also in lists of members of societ-
ies (of which Bleeker was president or secretary) and sub-
scribers to journals (edited by Bleeker) from at least 1844
(earliest in Natuur- en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neêrland's
Indië, 1: unnumbered page with list of subscribers) until his
death in December 1856 (Bleeker, 1857h: 30). In addition,
Schwanefeld was a colleague of Bleeker. The misspelling
could not have been intentional. Despite all this, because
we can know that the name was misspelt only from infor-
mation external to the original work, some conclude that
the name cannot be corrected (this was my earlier point of
view; Kottelat, 1999: 595). But, in the case of personal
names, when the original author himself corrected the spell-
ing and when it is shown from numerous sources that it is
misspelt, it is obvious that it was an inadvertent error and it
should be corrected. Anyway, as nobody would like to have
his own name misspelt, it seems that nobody should really
complain if the emended but incorrect spelling is used.
Barbonymus strigatus (Boulenger, 1894)
Barbus strigatus Boulenger, 1894a: 247 (type locality: Ma-
laysia: Borneo: Sabah: Bongon; holotype: BMNH
1893.5.30.56, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barbonymus sunieri (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)
Puntius sunieri Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 199 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Sedalit
River, a tributary of Sambakung River; holotype: ZMA
112.673, Nijssen et al., 1993: 215)
Barilius Hamilton, 1822
Barilius Hamilton, 1822: 266, 384 (subgenus of Cyprinus
Linnaeus, 1758: 320; type species: Cyprinus barila
Hamilton, 1822: 267, by subsequent designation by
Bleeker, 1863e: 203, 1863l: 263, 1863m: 28). Gender
masculine.
Taxonomic notes. See Howes (1983) for diagnosis of genus.
Barilius barila (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus barila Hamilton, 1822: 267, 384 (type locality:
India: rivers of Northern Bengal; types: NT; Hamilton's
unpublished figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839:
pl. 48 fig. 8)
Cyprinus chedrio Hamilton, 1822: 268, 384 (type locality:
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
82
India: rivers of Northern Bengal; types: NT; simultaneous
subjective synonym of Cyprinus barila Hamilton, 1822:
267, 384, first reviser [Bleeker, 1853o: 66] gave prece-
dence to C. barila)
Opsarius anisocheilus M'Clelland, 1839: 298, 422, pl. 48
fig. 8 (type locality: India: rivers of northern Bengal;
syntypes: material on which are based Cyprinus barila
Hamilton, 1822: 267 and C. chedrio Hamilton, 1822:
268)
Barilius morarensis Günther, 1868a: 290 (type locality: In-
dia: Morar River at Gwalior; holotype: BMNH
1867.5.12.18, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barilius bonarensis Chaudhuri, 1912: 440, pl. 39 fig. 4 (type
locality: India: Uttar Pradesh: Bonar, Gharwal; synty-
pes [3]: ZSI)
Bengala Gray, 1834
Bengala Gray, 1834: vol. 2, pl. 96 fig. 3 (type species: Cy-
prinus elanga Hamilton, 1822: 281, by monotypy). Gen-
der feminine.
Bengana Gray, 1835: "Directions for arranging the plates
of the numbers XI to XX", p. 2 (incorrect subsequent
spelling of Bengala Gray, 1834: pl. 96 [on same page,
the same word is also used as an incorrect subsequent
spelling of Bangana Hamilton, 1822: 277, which is an-
other genus; erratum on p. 2 does not apply as plate 96 is
not explicitly mentioned])
Megarasbora Günther, 1868a: 193, 198 (subgenus of Rasbo-
ra Bleeker, 1859f: 361; type species: Cyprinus elanga
Hamilton, 1822: 281, by monotypy; objective junior
synonym of Bengala Gray, 1834: vol. 2, pl. 96 fig. 3).
Gender feminine.
Bengala elanga (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus elanga Hamilton, 1822: 281, 386 (type locality:
India: rivers and ponds of Bengal; types: NT; Hamil-
ton's unpublished figure reproduced in Gray, 1834: vol.
2, pl. 96 fig. 3)
Leuciscus dystomus M'Clelland, 1839: 292, 406, pl. 56 fig.
4 (type locality: India: Bengal and Assam / Bramapu-
trah in Assam; types: LU)
Boraras Kottelat & Vidthayanon, 1993
Boraras Kottelat & Vidthayanon, 1993: 162 (type species:
Boraras micros Kottelat & Vidthayanon, 1993, by orig-
inal designation). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. See discussion under Rasbora.
Boraras brigittae (Vogt, 1978)
Rasbora urophthalma brigittae Vogt, 1978a: 155, figs. (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: South
of Banjarmasin [area of Pelaihari; indirect information
from aquarium-fish collector; Hudoro to K. Wilkerling,
to E. Ahlander, in litt.]; holotype: SMF [not received])
Taxonomic notes. See under B. merah.
Boraras maculatus (Duncker, 1904)
Rasbora maculata Duncker, 1904: 182, pl. 1 fig. 6 (type
locality: Malaysia: Bukit Tray near Bandar Maharani;
lectotype: ZMH 383 [formerly 8464], designated by
Ladiges et al., 1958: 159)
Boraras merah (Kottelat, 1991)
Rasbora merah Kottelat, 1991b: 183, fig. 4 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Sungei Jelai Bila
basin: Nataik Sedawak, about 30 km south of Sukamara
[2°41'S 111°31'E]; holotype: ZSM 27975)
Taxonomic notes. There has been speculation (in the aquar-
ium literature) on the identity of this species, fueled by in-
terpretation of published data and observations and assump-
tions on fish bought in the aquarium-fish trade, whose real
origin can never be certain. Females have a spotted pattern
and were compared in the original description with B. bri-
gittae, which has a striped pattern in both sexes. Striped
individuals had been collected with B. merah and had been
originally identified as B. brigittae; it now seems they are
males of B. merah (material no longer available for exami-
nation). I have since examined more samples from known
localities in central Borneo in which the two color patterns
are present (although the stripe is never as well developed
as in B. brigittae). This colour dichromatism is observed in
offspring of individuals obtained from the aquarium-fish
trade, reportedly from Kalimantan Tengah (but without pre-
cise origin), and this was seen as evidence that B. merah is
a synonym of B. brigittae (see, e.g. Körner, 2010).
This author, however, incidentally also reported (p. 26)
that in an 'east' population the colour pattern of both sexes
develops from the spotted to the striped pattern, long before
reaching sexual maturity, while in the 'central' population
the spotted pattern evolves into the striped pattern only in
males, and only at sexual maturity. It is now my turn to spec-
ulate: it seems that by 'east' population is meant individuals
from the area of Banjarmasin (that is, close to the vague
type locality of B. brigittae) and by 'central' population is
meant individuals exported from Palangkaraya. This seems
to correspond to B. brigittae and B. merah, respectively, and
the different ontogenies support the recognition of two spe-
cies. The specimens of B. brigittae figured by Kottelat et al.
(1993: pl. 17) is a pair that had spawned in captivity
(K. Wilkerling, pers. comm., 1990) and that had been col-
lected by the original collector of the type series at the type
locality. Besides, the two species differ in the shape of the
caudal peduncle (more slender in B. merah) and details of
the distribution of the pigments and the pale area around the
lateral blotches and stripe.
Further speculation based solely on information and/or
material from the aquarium-fish trade is better avoided. Still,
one should note that the type locality of B. merah is quite
distant from Palangkaraya and the areas where the exported
populations are collected (pers. obs.).
Boraras micros Kottelat & Vidthayanon, 1993
Boraras micros Kottelat & Vidthayanon, 1993: 169, figs.
7–8 (type locality: Thailand: Udon Thani Province:
Mekong basin: swamp 6 km north of Udon Thani where
road n° 2 crosses railway, 17°28'N 102°48'E; holotype:
ZRC 37718)
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83
Boraras naevus Conway & Kottelat, 2011
Boraras naevus Conway & Kottelat, 2011: 46, fig. 1 (type
locality: Thailand: Surat Thani Province: swamp, east
of road north of Amphoe Tha Chana, 83 km before Su-
rat Thani on road from Lang Suan; holotype: ZRC 53120)
Boraras urophthalmoides (Kottelat, 1991)
Rasbora urophthalmoides Kottelat, 1991b: 188, fig. 10 (type
locality: Thailand: Pattani Province: swamp near Sai Buri
River, 43 km northwest of Naratiwat on road 42, Ban La
Han; holotype: ZRC 38455 [was on loan as ZSM 27796])
Nomenclatural notes. This species was earlier called Rasbo-
ra urophthalma Ahl, 1922. The syntypes of R. urophthalma
are poorly preserved aquarium specimens of unclear origin.
The presence of barbels suggest they belong to Puntius or a
related genus, or to an African lineage (Kottelat, 1991b: 187).
[Rasbora urophthalma Ahl, 1922b: 295 (type locality: Indonesia:
"Sumatra"; syntypes: ZMB 20647 [4], Kottelat, 1991b: 187, fig. 9;
also in Ahl, 1923: 182)].
Brachydanio Weber & de Beaufort, 1916
Brachydanio Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 85 (subgenus of
Danio Hamilton, 1822: 321; type species: Nuria albo-
lineata Blyth, 1860b: 163, by monotypy). Gender femi-
nine [by indication, Code art. 30.2.3].
Taxonomic notes. Phylogeny and systematics discussed by
Fang (2003). See comment under Celestichthys for classifi-
cation retained here.
Brachydanio aesculapii (Kullander & Fang, 2009)
Danio aesculapii Kullander & Fang, 2009a: 42, figs. 1–2
(type locality: Myanmar: Rakhine State: Thandwe:
Kananmae Chaung, near Leldee village, by foot 45 min
from Gwechaung village at km 18 on road Thandwe–
Taunggok, 18°35'39"N 94°22'45"E; holotype: NRM
44490)
Brachydanio albolineata (Blyth, 1860)
Nuria albolineata Blyth, 1860b: 163 (type locality: Burma:
Tenasserim; syntypes: ? ZSI, ? AMS B.7646 [1], B.7744
[1], Fang & Kottelat, 1999: 293, Ferraris et al., 2000:
302)
Danio stoliczkae Day, 1870c: 621 (type locality: Burma:
Moulmein; syntypes [more than 100]: among ZSI A.832
[lost], BMNH 1889.2.1.1363–1372 [10], AMS B.7646
[1], B.7744 [1], NMW 53107 [5], 53108 [2], Whitehead
& Talwar, 1976: 156, Ferraris et al., 2000: 302)
Danio tweediei Brittan, 1956: 41, pl. 3 (type locality: Ma-
laysia: Kedah: Sungei Patani; holotype: CAS-SU 48130)
Brachydanio feegradei (Hora, 1937)
Danio feegradei Hora, 1937b: 325, fig. 3 (type locality:
Burma: Sandoway; holotype: ZSI F 12477/1, Menon &
Yazdani, 1968: 108)
Brachydanio kerri (Smith, 1931)
Danio kerri Smith, 1931a: 6 (type locality: Thailand: west
coast, Koh Yao Yai; holotype: KUMF 160 [ex USNM
90289], Monkolprasit, 1969: 4)
Brachydanio kyathit (Fang, 1998)
Danio kyathit Fang, 1998: 275, fig. 2 (type locality: Burma:
Kachin State: Hpa Lap Chaung stream, tributary of Ir-
rawaddy, about 16.5 km northwest of Myitkyina;
25°32'08"N 97°23'02"E; holotype: NRM 37291)
Brachydanio nigrofasciata (Day, 1870)
Barilius nigrofasciatus Day, 1870c: 620 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Pegu and Moulmein; syntypes [20]: among ZSI
A.877, A.878 [lost], 2476 [lost], BMNH 1889.2.1.1320–
1325 [6], AMS B.7558 [1], RMNH 2753, NMW 53104
[2], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 156, Eschmeyer, 2010,
Ferraris et al., 2000: 300)
Danio analipunctatus Boulenger, in Arnold, 1911a [33rd
week, 15 August]: 473, fig. (type locality: Burma:
Rangoon; holotype: BMNH 1911.7.10.1; also Bouleng-
er, in Arnold, 1911b [33rd week]: 526, fig.)
Nomenclatural notes. The description of D. analipuncta-
tus appeared in two different aquarium magazines, appar-
ently the same week (the 33rd of 1911). One is dated 15
August (Tuesday) and has priority on the other, which is
dated with less accuracy and is deemed to have appeared on
the last day of the week (20 August).
Brachydanio pulchra (Smith, 1931)
Danio pulcher Smith, 1931a: 8 (type locality: Thailand:
Chantaburi Province: waterfall stream at Pliew; holo-
type: USNM 90290)
Brachydanio quagga (Kullander, Liao & Fang, 2009)
Danio quagga Kullander, Liao & Fang, 2009: 194, fig. 1
(type locality: Myanmar: Sagaing Division: Kamphat
River drainage (to Yu River): small river in Saw Bwa Ye
Shan village, 46 km on road from Kalaymyo to Tamu,
23°37'14"N 94°07'32"E; holotype: NRM 58705)
Brachydanio rosea (Fang & Kottelat, 2000)
Danio roseus Fang & Kottelat, 2000: 150, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Nong Khai Province: Mekong basin, Nam
Tok Than Thip, 3 km off main road at Ban Tad Sone,
13 km west of Sam Kon on road Loei–Nong Khai;
18°07'30"N 102°11'11"E; holotype: NRM 44798)
Brachydanio tinwini (Kullander & Fang, 2009)
Danio tinwini Kullander & Fang, 2009b: 224, figs. 1–3 (type
locality: Myanmar: Kachin State: Ayeyarwaddy River
drainage: stream from Shatrazyut (Sha Du Zup) village,
on road from Mogaung to Tanai, 25°54'54"N 96°39'48"E;
holotype: NRM 60337)
Brevibora Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010
Brevibora Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010: 159 (type spe-
cies: Rasbora dorsiocellata Duncker, 1904: 182, by orig-
inal designation). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. See discussion under Rasbora.
Brevibora cheeya Liao & Tan, 2011
Brevibora cheeya Liao & Tan, 2011: 78, figs. 3–4 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: Terengganu: Rantau Abang, 56 km to
Kuala Terengganu; holotype: ZRC 51965)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
84
Brevibora dorsiocellata (Duncker, 1904)
Rasbora dorsiocellata Duncker, 1904: 182, pl. 1 fig. 2 (type
localitiy: Malaysia: Negri Sembilan: ditches near Kuala
Jelai; lectotype: ZMH 374 [formerly 8473], designated
by Ladiges et al., 1958: 159)
Rasbora dorsiocellata var. macrophthalma Meinken, 1951:
119, fig. 1 (type locality: Malay Archipelago; syntypes
[2]: LU)
Cabdio Hamilton, 1822
Cabdio Hamilton, 1822: 333, 392 (subgenus of Cyprinus
Linnaeus, 1758: 320; type species: Cyprinus jaya Hamil-
ton, 1822: 333, by subsequent designation by Jordan &
Evermann, 1917: 115). Gender masculine.
Aspidoparia Heckel, 1848d: 288 (type species: Aspidopa-
ria sardina Heckel, 1848d: 288, by monotypy). Gender
feminine.
Morara Bleeker, 1859l: 260 (type species: Cyprinus morar
Hamilton, 1822: 264, by monotypy; also in Bleeker,
1860c: 424, without included species). Gender feminine.
Cabdio morar (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus morar Hamilton, 1822: 264, 384, pl. 31 fig. 75
(type locality: India: Yamuna and Tista Rivers; types:
NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in Gray,
1835: vol. 2, pl. 95 fig. 1)
Aspidoparia sardina Heckel, 1848d: 288 (type locality: In-
dia: Assam; types: NMW)
Cabdio ukhrulensis (Selim & Vishwanath, 2001)
Aspidoparia ukhrulensis Selim & Vishwanath, 2001: 254,
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin drain-
age: Chatrickong River, Ukhrul District, 150 km from
Imphal; holotype: MUMF 1025)
Carassioides Oshima, 1926
Carassioides Oshima, 1926: 6 (type species: Carassioides
rhombeus Oshima, 1926: 7, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine.
Species inquirenda
Carassioides phongnhaensis Nguyen & Ho, 2003: 1130,
fig. 1 (type locality: Vietnam: Quang Binh: Phong Nha,
Song Son, 17°38'N 106°18'E; holotype: ? VUP PN 09909)
Carassioides acuminatus (Richardson, 1846)
Cyprinus acuminatus Richardson, 1846a: 289 (type locali-
ty: China: Canton; neotype: Kiel University [material of
Carpio cantonensis of Heincke, 1892: 70, pl. 8 figs. 8–
9], designated by Kottelat, 2001a: 19 [original holotype:
specimen on which is based Reeves' unpublished draw-
ing, reproduced in Whitehead, 1970a: 209, pl. 13b])
Cyprinus carassioides Richardson, 1846a: 291 (type local-
ity: China: Canton; neotype: Kiel University [material
of Carpio cantonensis of Heincke, 1892: 70, pl. 8 figs. 8–
9], designated by Kottelat, 2001a: 19 [original holotype:
specimen on which is based Reeves' unpublished draw-
ing, reproduced in Whitehead, 1970a: 209, pl. 14b]; si-
multaneous objective synonym of Cyprinus acuminatus
Richardson, 1846a: 289, first reviser [Kottelat, 2001a:
19] gave precedence to C. acuminatus)
Carpio Cantonensis Heincke, 1892: 70, pl. 8 figs. 8–9 (not
available, name proposed for an hybrid, Code art. 1.3.3,
see Kottelat, 2001a: 19; locality: China: Canton; materi-
al: Kiel University)
Cyprinion orientalis Vaillant, 1893c: 203 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Black River [Song Da]; holotype: MNHN 1892-
0264, Kottelat, 2001a: 20)
Carassioides rhombeus Oshima, 1926: 7 (type locality:
China: Hainan: Kachek River near Kachek; syntypes [4]:
LU)
? Carassioides macropterus Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] &
Ngo, 2001: 580, fig. 299 (type locality: Vietnam: Da
Nang City: Han market near Han River; holotype:
NCNTTSI H.01.107.02.01)
? Carassioides argentea Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 581, fig. 300 (type locality: Vietnam: Da Nang:
Han River; holotype: NCNTTSI H.01.107.03.01; simul-
taneous subjective synonym of Carassioides macropte-
rus Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001: 580, as first revis-
er I give precedence to C. macropterus)
Carassius Jarocki, 1822
Carassius Jarocki, 1822: 54, 71 (type species: Cyprinus
carassius Linnaeus, 1758: 322, by absolute tautonymy).
Gender masculine.
Cyprinopsis Fitzinger, 1832: 334 (type species: Cyprinus
carassius Linnaeus, 1758: 321, by subsequent designa-
tion by Jordan, 1919a: 187; objective junior synonym of
Carassius Jarocki, 1822: 54). Gender feminine.
Carpionichthys Bleeker, 1863l: 262 (nomen nudum [a sin-
gle included species, but not cited by an available name])
Neocorassius Castelnau, 1872: 236 (type species: Neoco-
rassius ventricosus Castelnau, 1872: 237, by monotypy;
spelt Neocorassius pp. 236, 242, Neocarassuis p. 237;
apparently no first reviser and I give precedence to Neo-
corassius [obviously based on a misspelling of Caras-
sius, but even for that name Castelnau (p. 236) used the
spelling Corassius, so Neocorassius is the correct origi-
nal spelling and must be retained]). Gender masculine.
Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cyprinus auratus Linnaeus, 1758: 322 (type locality: "in
Chinae, Japoniae fluviis"; types: NT; based on Linnaeus,
1740: 403, pl. 1 figs. 3–8, 1746: 125, pl. 2, Gronovius,
1754: 3, n°15 [rivers of China], 1756: 3, n°150 [China],
Edwards, 1751: 209, pl. 209 [cultivated in St. Helena,
imported to England; itself based on Petiver, 1711a:
n°186, 1711b: pl. 78 fig. 6 [China silver-tail], 1711a:
n°187, 1711b: pl. 78 fig. 7 [China gold-tail]]; invalid
neotype designation by Fricke, 1999a: 83 [need not dem-
onstrated])
Cyprinus argenteus La Cepède, 1803: 554 (type locality:
China; types: specimen[s] on which figure[s] is based)
Cyprinus telescopus La Cepède, 1803: 554, pl. 18 fig. 2 (type
locality: China; types: specimen[s] on which figure[s] is
based)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
85
Cyprinus quadrilobatus La Cepède, 1803: 554, pl. 18 fig. 3
(type locality: China; types: specimen[s] on which
figure[s] is based)
Cyprinopsis aurata var. argentea Fitzinger, 1832: 334 (no-
men nudum)
Cyprinopsis aurata var. maculata Fitzinger, 1832: 334 (no-
men nudum)
Cyprinopsis aurata var. fusca Fitzinger, 1832: 334 (nomen
nudum)
Cyprinus Mauritianus Bennett, 1832: 167 (type locality:
Mauritius; types: NT)
Cyprinus gibelioides Cantor, 1842: 485 (type locality: Chi-
na: Chusan Island [Zhoushan Dao]; types: BMNH ?,
possibly material listed by Günther, 1868a: 33 as Cypri-
nus nigrescens ?)
Cyprinus thoracatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 97, pl. 460 (type locality: Isle-de-France [Mau-
ritius]; syntypes: MNHN 849 [2], 1043 [4], 3376 [1],
3377–3378 [3], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 11)
Carassius encobia Bonaparte, 1845b: 3 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Cyprinus abbreviatus Richardson, 1846a: 292 (type locali-
ty: China: Canton; holotype: specimen on which is based
Reeves unpublished drawing, reproduced in Whitehead,
1970a: 209, pl. 13b)
Leuciscus auratus Mauduyt, 1848: 32 (type locality: France:
Vienne, introduced from southern China; syntypes:
Musée de Poitiers ?; potentially secondary junior hom-
onym of Cyprinus auratus Linnaeus, 1758: 322)
Cyprinus chinensis Gronow, in Gray, 1854: 181 (type local-
ity: rivers of China; syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.149–
152 [4], Wheeler, 1958: 212)
Carrassius Pekinensis Basilewsky, 1855: 229, pl. 3 fig. 3
(type locality: China: around Beijing; types: ? ZISP)
Carassius coeruleus Basilewsky, 1855: 229, pl. 9 fig. 2 (type
locality: northern China [around Beijing ?]; types: ? ZISP)
Carrassius discolor Basilewsky, 1855: 229 (type locality:
northern China [around Beijing ?]; types: ? ZISP)
Cyprinus quadrilobatus Basilewsky, 1855: 230, pl. 5 fig. 5
(type locality: China [around Beijing ?]; types: ? ZISP;
junior primary homonym of Cyprinus quadrilobatus La
Cepède, 1803: 554)
Cyprinus nigrescens Günther, 1868a: 33 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Cyprinus Maillardi Guichenot, 1862: 14 (type locality:
Réunion; holotype: MNHN 1319, Bertin & Estève, 1948:
12)
Neocarassuis [sic] ventricosus Castelnau, 1872: 237 (type
locality: Australia: Victoria: Saltwater River, Footscray;
syntypes [2]: LU)
Carassius auratus var. 4-lobatus Károli, 1881: 179 (nomen
nudum)
Cyprinus auratus v. latipinnis Brind, 1914: 10, fig. (not avail-
able, infrasubspecific, explicitly proposed for a domes-
ticated variety, Code art. 45.6.4)
Carassius auratus latipinnis var. macrophthalmus Brind,
1915 35, fig. (not available, infrasubspecific, explicitly
used for a domesticated variety, Code art. 45.6.4)
Carassius auratus var. wui Tchang, 1930a: 65 (type locali-
ty: China: Tche-Kiang [Zhejiang]; holotype: MNHN
1934-0014, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 12; also in Tchang,
1931a: 65)
Carassius auratus var. cantonensis Tchang, 1933: 27, fig. 8
(type locality: China: Guangdong: Canton; holotype:
ZMFMIB 9236)
? Carassius auratus argenteaphthalmus Nguyen, in Ngu-
yen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 570, fig. 294 (type locality:
Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Dien Bien Phu city; holo-
type: NCNTTSI H.01.105.02.01)
Catlocarpio Boulenger, 1898
Catlocarpio Boulenger, 1898: 450 (type species: Catlocar-
pio siamensis Boulenger, 1898: 451, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Catlocarpio siamensis Boulenger, 1898
Catlocarpio siamensis Boulenger, 1898: 451 (type locality:
Thailand: Menam River [Mae Nam Chao Phraya]; holo-
type: BMNH 1898.4.2.169, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Celestichthys Roberts, 2007
Celestichthys Roberts, 2007a: 132 (type species: Celestich-
thys margaritatus Roberts, 2007a: 132, by original des-
ignation). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Systematic position of Celestichthys is
discussed by Conway et al. (2008) and Fang et al. (2009).
Although they concluded that Celestichthys is part of a Danio
clade and they therefore treated them as synonyms, their
trees show that a classification (Danio dangila + (Celes-
tichthys + Brachydanio)) just as well depicts the phyloge-
ny. Inferences from other studies also support this conclu-
sion. All published molecular trees indicate that Danio (D.
dangila) is the sister group of all Celestichthys and Brachy-
danio. The trees in Liao et al. (2011), Mayden et al. (2008),
Quigley et al. (2005) and Pramod et al. (2010: 44) support
the same conclusion. The classification (Danio + (Celes-
tichthys + Brachydanio)) is used here as it depicts better the
similarities between the three species of Celestichthys and
the differences between these three genera, and accomodates
the relationships shown by molecular analyses.
Celestichthys choprae (Hora, 1928)
Danio choprae Hora, 1928: 39, fig. 2 (type locality: Burma:
Myitkyina District: small rocky stream round about Ka-
maing [holotype locality from Menon & Yazdani, 1968:
108, Kullander, 2012: 246]; holotype: ZSI F 10811/1,
Kullander, 2012: 246, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 108;
choprae is correct original spelling [Code art. 31.1.1 and
Example], choprai is either an incorrect subsequent spell-
ing or an unjustified emendation)
Celestichthys erythromicron (Annandale, 1918)
Microrasbora erythromicron Annandale, 1918: 51, pl. 2
fig. 5, pl. 4 fig. 14 (type locality: Burma: Southern Shan
States: Lake Inlé; holotype: ZSI F 9385/1)
Celestichthys flagrans (Kullander, 2012)
Danio flagrans Kullander, 2012: 252, figs. 1c–d, 9 (type
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
86
locality: Myanmar: Kachin State: Ayeyarwaddy River
drainage: Nan Hto Chaung in Putao, about 1 mile from
46th regiment, close to rice mill; holotype: NRM 62257)
Celestichthys margaritatus Roberts, 2007
Celestichthys margaritatus Roberts, 2007a: 132, fig. 1 (type
locality: Myanmar: isolated pool at feet of a mountain
near Hopong town, 30 km east of Taunggyi; holotype:
ZRC 50706)
Chagunius Smith, 1933
Chagunius Smith, 1938a: 157 (type species: Cyprinus cha-
gunio Hamilton, 1822: 295, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Chagunius baileyi Rainboth, 1986
Chagunius baileyi Rainboth, 1986: 10, fig. 2 (type locality:
Thailand: Tak Province: Huey Lamao at Ban Mae Lamao,
16°48'N 98°44'E; holotype: UMMZ 210700)
Chagunius nicholsi (Myers, 1924)
Barbus nicholsi Myers, 1924: 3 (type locality: Burma: Chind-
win River at Monywa; holotype: AMNH 8352)
Chagunius chagunio prashadi Talwar & Das, 1987: 177,
fig. 1 (type locality: Burma: Myitkyina District: Nam
Kawng Chaung stream at Kamaing; holotype: ZSI FF
2192)
Chanodichthys Bleeker, 1860
Leptocephalus Basilewsky, 1855: 234 (type species: Lepto-
cephalus mongolicus Basilewsky, 1855: 234, by mono-
typy; junior homonym of Leptocephalus Scopoli, 1777:
453 in Pisces; on Official Index of Rejected and Invalid
Generic Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1958c: 1 [Direction
87]). Gender masculine.
Chanodichthys Bleeker, 1860c: 432 (type species: Lepto-
cephalus mongolicus Basilewsky, 1855: 234, by subse-
quent monotypy in Bleeker, 1860j: 282, 400; no species
originally included, first inclusion by Bleeker, 1860j:
282, 400 [with L. mongolicus and conditionally two other
species, Code art. 67.2.5]; declared a nomen oblitum by
Banarescu, 1997: 21, but invalid declaration because
published after 1973 [Code art. 23.12]). Gender mascu-
line.
Pseudoculter Bleeker, 1860c: 432 (type species: Culter pe-
kinensis Basilewsky, 1855: 237, by subsequent designa-
tion by Bleeker, 1863e: 210, 1863m: 31; no species orig-
inally included, first inclusion by Bleeker, 1860j: 282,
401; subjective simultaneous synonym of Chanodich-
thys Bleeker, 1860c: 432; apparently no first reviser:
precedence given here to Chanodichthys). Gender mas-
culine.
Erythroculter Berg, 1909: 138 (subgenus of Culter Basil-
ewsky, 1855: 236; type species: Culter erythropterus
Basilewsky, 1855: 236, by subsequent designation by
Nichols & Pope, 1927: 371). Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. Eschmeyer (1990: 87) considered
Chanodichthys Bleeker, 1860c: 432 to be a replacement
name for Leptocephalus Basilewsky, 1855: 234; this is not
the case as Leptocephalus is not mentioned in Bleeker
(1860c).
Chanodichthys dabryi (Bleeker, 1871)
Culter Dabryi Bleeker, 1871b: 70, pl. 12 fig. 2 (type local-
ity: China: Yangtze River; holotype: MNHN 5078, Ba-
narescu, 1967: 218, pl. 1 fig. 4; also in Bleeker, 1871f:
84)
? Culter hypselonotus Bleeker, 1871b: 72, pl. 8 fig. 3 (type
locality: China: Yangtze River; holotype: MNHN; also
in Bleeker, 1871f: 85)
Nomenclatural notes. Culter oxycephalus, sometimes list-
ed as synonym of C. dabryi, is a distinct species (Chen 1998a:
192; Bogutskaya & Naseka, 2004: 54). If considered to be
synonyms, the two names would be simultaneous symonyms
and the first reviser (Rendahl, 1928: 115) gave precedence
to C. dabryi. Culter abramoides is listed as synonym of
C. oxycephalus by Chen (1998a: 192) but is valid accord-
ing to Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: 52). Erythroculter
dabryi shinkainensis is a synonym of C. oxycephalus ac-
cording to Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: 53).
[Culter oxycephalus Bleeker, 1870c: 252 (nomen nudum), 1871b: 74, pl.
5 fig. 3 (type locality: China: Yangtze River; holotype: MNHN 5050,
Banarescu, 1967: 218, pl. 2 fig. 5; also in Bleeker, 1871f: 87)].
[Culter abramoides Dybowski, 1872: 213 (type locality: Russia: Ussuri
and Chanka; syntypes: ZMB 7933 [1, listed as holotype by Banares-
cu, 1967: 218, pl. 2 fig. 6], ? IZPAN)].
[Erythroculter dabryi shinkainensis Yi & Zhu, 1959: 192, pl. 1 fig. 3, pl. 2
fig. 7 (type locality: China: Ta Xingkai, Heilong Jiang drainage [Great
Hsingkai, Khanka Lake, Amur drainage]; syntypes [32]: IHB)].
Chanodichthys erythropterus (Basilewsky, 1855)
Culter erythropterus Basilewsky, 1855: 236, pl. 8 fig. 1 (type
locality: China: rivers draining to Gulf of Tschili; types:
? ZISP)
Culter ilishaeformis Bleeker, 1871b: 67, pl. 10 fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yangtze River; syntypes [2, 283–362 mm
TL]: MNHN 5055 [1, listed as holotype by Banarescu,
1967: 216, pl. 1 fig. 1]; also in Bleeker, 1871f: 80)
Culter Sieboldii Dybowski, 1872: 214 (type locality: Rus-
sia: middle course of Amur River, Ussuri and Sungats-
chi Rivers and Chanka Lake; syntype: ZMB 7932 [1,
listed as holotype by Banarescu, 1967: 217, pl. 1 fig. 2],
? IZPAN 6080, Sinicyn 1900: 47)
Culter aokii Oshima, 1919: 250, pl. 52 fig. 1 (type locality:
Taiwan: Jitsugetsutan, Lake Candidius [Riyuètán; Sun-
Moon Lake; 23°52'N 120°55'E]; lectotype: FMNH
59110, designated by Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 116, Ba-
narescu, 1971a: 10 [listed as holotype])
Taxonomic notes. Species synonymy follows Bogutskaya
& Naseka (2004: 53) and Chen (1998a: 182 [except for iden-
tity of his C. erythropterus, which is C. alburnus]).
Chanodichthys flavipinnis (Tirant, 1883)
Culter flavipinnis Tirant, 1883: 98 (type locality: Vietnam:
river of Hué; lectotype: MGHNL 42000028 [formerly
3644], designated by Kottelat, 1987c: 13, fig. 6)
Culter recurvirostris Sauvage, 1884a: 213, pl. 8 fig. 3 (type
locality: Vietnam: vicinity of Hanoï; holotype: MNHN
1884-0078, Banarescu, 1967: 218, pl. 1 fig. 3)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
87
Chanodichthys mongolicus (Basilewsky, 1855)
Leptocephalus Mongolicus Basilewsky, 1855: 234, pl. 4
fig. 2 (type locality: "in winter, brought to Beijing fro-
zen from Mongolia and Mandchuria"; lectotype: speci-
men figured on pl. 4 fig. 2, designated by Bogutskaya &
Naseka, 2004: 54; spelt mongolensis on pl. 4 fig. 2, first
reviser [Bogutskaya & Naseka, 2004: 54] gave prece-
dence to mongolicus)
Culter Mongolicus Basilewsky, 1855: 237 (type locality: "in
winter, brought to Beijing frozen from Mongolia"; syn-
types: ZISP 2950 [2], 2951 [2], Berg, 1934: 266; simul-
taneous secondary homonym of Leptocephalus mongoli-
cus Basilewsky, 1855: 234, first reviser [Banarescu,
1972b: 387] gave precedence to Leptocephalus mongoli-
cus)
? Culter Pekinensis Basilewsky, 1855: 237 (type locality:
China: streams draining to the Gulf of Tschili; types:
? ZISP)
Culter rutilus Dybowski, 1872: 214 (type locality: Russia:
Ussuri and Chanka; syntypes: ZMB 7934 [1, listed as
holotype by Banarescu, 1967: 222, pl. 3 fig. 10],
? IZPAN 6082, Sinicyn, 1900: 47)
Erythroculter mongolensis elongatus He & Liu, 1980: 483,
fig. (type locality: China: Yunnan: Chenghai Lake; ho-
lotype: YU 730241)
Erythroculter mongolicus qionghaiensis Ding, 1990: 246,
fig. 1 (type locality: China: Sichuan: Qionghai Lake,
27°53'N 102°18'E; holotype: Sichuan Province Nat. Res.
Inst. 860166)
Chanodichthys recurviceps (Richardson, 1846)
Leuciscus recurviceps Richardson, 1846a: 295 (type locali-
ty: China: Canton; holotype: specimen on which is based
Reeves' unpublished drawing, reproduced in Whitehead,
1970a: 210, pl. 17a)
Erythroculter pseudobrevicauda Nichols & Pope, 1927: 371,
fig. 35 (type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype:
AMNH 8400)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy partly follows Chen (1998a:
188).
Chela Hamilton, 1822
Chela Hamilton, 1822: 258, 383 (subgenus of Cyprinus Lin-
naeus, 1758: 320; type species: Cyprinus cachius Hamil-
ton, 1822: 258, by subsequent designation by Bleeker,
1863e: 215, 1863m: 33, 1863l: 264). Gender feminine.
Cachius Günther, 1868a: 339 (type species: Cyprinus atpar
Hamilton, 1822: 259, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Chela cachius (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus cachius Hamilton, 1822: 258, 384 (type locality:
India: Ganges, "about the commencement of the Delta";
types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in
M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 46 fig. 6; treated by some as si-
multaneous synonym of Cyprinus atpar Hamilton, 1822:
259, if correct, then first reviser [Günther, 1868a: 339]
gave precedence to C. atpar)
? Cyprinus atpar Hamilton, 1822: 259, 384 (type locality:
India: "Brahmaputra and Yamuna [Jumna River] and [...]
ponds near the former"; types: NT; Hamilton's unpub-
lished figure reproduced in Gray, 1834: vol. 2, pl. 96
fig. 2 and M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 46 fig. 4)
? Perilampus psilopteromus M'Clelland, 1839: 289, 396, pl.
46 fig. 4 (unnecessary replacement name for Cyprinus
atpar Hamilton, 1822: 259; spelt psilopterus p. 314, an
inadvertent error [see etymology p. 288], thus incorrect
original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1])
Cyprinus loyukula M'Clelland, 1839: 289, 396 (not avail-
able, name listed in synonymy)
Cyprinus kachki M'Clelland, 1839: 290 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
? Leuciscus anastoma Swainson, 1839: 285 (available by
indication to Gray, 1834: vol. 2, pl. 96 fig. 2 [no refer-
ence to figure but this is the only Chela species on this
plate; this is the unpublished figure of Cyprinus atpar
Hamilton, 1822: 259]; type locality: India: "Brahmapu-
tra and Yamuna [Jumna River] and [...] ponds near the
former"; holotype: model of Hamilton's figure, lost)
Perilampus macropodus Jerdon, 1849: 325 (type locality:
India: Cavery near its source in Coorg; types: NT)
Paradanio elegans Day, 1867a: 297 (type locality: India:
Bowany River; syntypes: BMNH 1867.7.24.2–3 [2],
Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 155)
Taxonomic notes. Silas (1958: fig. 3) showed Chela ca-
chius as occurring in Myanmar but he did not list any spec-
imen or reference. Cyprinus atpar and C. cachius are usual-
ly treated as synonyms (e.g. Silas, 1958); if this were cor-
rect, then the name C. atpar has precedence. Pethiyagoda et
al. (2008a: 24) were not convinced by the synonymy and
retained the name C. cachius, pending clarification of the
identity of C. atpar.
Nomenclatural notes. Cachius is a noun in apposition and
the spelling of the species name remains cachius even with
a genus name of feminine gender as Chela (Pethiyagoda et
al., 2008a: 25).
Cirrhinus Oken, 1817
Cirrhinus Oken, 1817: 1182a (available by indication to "Les
Cirrhines" of Cuvier, 1816a: 193; type species: Cypri-
nus cirrhosus Bloch, 1795: 52, by monotypy in Cuvier,
1816a: 193). Gender masculine.
Isocephalus Heckel, 1843: 1029 (type species: Cyprinus
cirrhosus Bloch, 1795: 52, by subsequent designation
by Roberts, 1997b: 173; objective junior synonym of
Cirrhinus Oken, 1817: 1182a). Gender masculine.
Cirrhinus cirrhosus (Bloch, 1795)
Cyprinus cirrhosus Bloch, 1795: 52, pl. 411 (type locality:
India: Malabar Coast; types: lost ?)
Cyprinus mrigala Hamilton, 1822: 279, 386, pl. 6 fig. 79
(type locality: India: "ponds and fresh water rivers of
the Gangetic provinces"; types: NT)
Cyprinus mrigala var. Rewah M'Clelland, 1839: 276, 351,
pl. 58 fig. 1 (type locality: India: vicinity of Calcutta;
types: LU)
Dangila Leschenaultii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842: 235, pl. 471 (type locality: India: Pondicher-
ry; holotype: MNHN 3852, Roberts, 1997b: 177; a si-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
88
multaneous secondary homonym of Rohita leschenaultii
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 261 when
both are placed in Cirrhinus by Jerdon, 1849: 304, first
reviser [Jerdon, 1849: 304] gave precedence to Rohita
leschenaulti; names are homonym, despite differences
in endings -i and -ii, Code art. 58.14)
Cirrhina rubripinnis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 288, pl. 479 (type locality: India: Calcutta; lec-
totype: MNHN 3854, designated by Banarescu, 1983: 14)
Cirrhina plumbea Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 289 (type locality: Burma: Irrawaddy River at
Rangoon; holotype: MNHN A.3362, Bertin & Estève,
1948: 14)
Cirrhina Blochii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 290 (unnecessary replacement name for Cyprinus
cirrhosus Bloch, 1795: 52)
Cirrhinus Cuvierii Jerdon, 1849: 304 (replacement name for
Dangila leschenaultii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1842: 235)
Mr
igala Buchanani Bleeker, 1860j: 226 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Cyprinus mrigala Hamilton, 1822:
279)
? Cirrhina macrops Steindachner, 1870c: 636 (type locali-
ty: India: Madras; holotype: NMW)
Cyprinus mugul Hora, 1933: 135 (not available, name list-
ed in synonymy)
Cirrhinus horai Lakshmanan, 1966: 59, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: India: Andhra Pradesh: Godavari River at Rajahmun-
dry; holotype: ZSI F 2083/2)
Cirrhinus chaudhryi Srivastava, 1968: 30, fig. 17 (type lo-
cality: India: Uttar Pradesh: ponds near Naua Dumari,
11 miles South of Gorkahpur; holotype: ZSI F 4205/2)
? Bangana brevirostris Liu & Zhou, 2009: 62, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Boluo River, a tributary of Lu-
osuo-Jiang (first-order tributary of Mekong) at Boluo
Village (22°37'N 101°18'E) of Yixiang Town in Puer
City; holotype: SWFC 0512080)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Roberts (1998: 177)
and may need confirmation. Rainboth et al. (2012: 48) con-
sider that C. cirrhosus occurs in Peninsular India only, and
that C. mrigala is a distinct species. The published data do
not allow me to distinguish Bangana brevirostris from the
non-indigenous C. cirrhosus, stocked or feral in the Mekong
drainage in Thailand and Laos. If it is really a valid species
of Bangana, there is a potential homonymy problem with
Sinilabeo brevirostris Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001, presently in the synonymy of Bangana lippa (Fow-
ler, 1936).
Cirrhinus jullieni Sauvage, 1878
Cirrhina Jullieni Sauvage, 1878b: 237 (type locality: Cam-
bodia: Stung-Strang [Stung Treng]; lectotype: MNHN
8586, designated by Banarescu, 1983: 16 [type locality
erroneously as Mekong River in Vietnam], Kottelat,
1984a: 797)
Cirrhinus microlepis Sauvage, 1878
Cirrhina microlepis: Sauvage, 1878b: 236 (type locality:
[Cambodia ?]: Mekong à Tma-Kré; holotype: MNHN
9648, Fang, 1942b: 168)
Cirrhina aurata Sauvage, 1878b: 236 (type locality: Cam-
bodia: Pnom-Peuh [Phnom Penh]; lectotype: MNHN
3849, designated by Banarescu, 1983: 17, Kottelat,
1984a: 797; simultaneous subjective synonym of Cir-
rhina microlepis Sauvage, 1878b: 236, first reviser
[Smith, 1945: 164] gave precedence to C. microlepis)
Labeo aurovittatus Sauvage, 1878b: 239 (type locality:
"Laos Siamois" [Isarn, the northeastern part of Thailand];
type[s]: lost, Kottelat, 1984a: 802; simultaneous subjec-
tive synonym of Cirrhina microlepis Sauvage, 1878b:
236, first reviser [Kottelat, 1984a: 792, 802] gave pre-
cedence to C. microlepis)
Labeo pruol Tirant, 1885 [1929: 154] (type locality: Viet-
nam: Mekong and river of Saigon; lectotype: MGHNL
42000032, designated by Kottelat, 1987c: 14)
Cirrhinus molitorella (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1844)
Leuciscus molitorella Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1844: 359 (type locality: China [original type lo-
cality: China, based on a painting obtained by Dussum-
ier in Canton, reproduced in Robert
s, 1997b: 197, fig. 11];
neotype: BMNH 1971.12.30.2, designated by Roberts,
1997b: 198)
Leuciscus chevanella Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1844: 358 (type locality: not stated [China; Rob-
erts, 1997b: 192]; holotype: model of painting; simulta-
neous subjective synonym of Leuciscus molitorella Va-
lenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844: 358, first
reviser [Roberts, 1997b: 192] gave precedence to L.
molitorella)
Cirrhina chinensis Günther, 1868a: 36 (type locality: Chi-
na; syntypes [total 5]: BMNH 1971.12.30.2 [erroneous-
ly listed as holotype by Banarescu, 1972c: 253 and Rob-
erts, 1997b: 193], BMNH 1855.9.19.802 [1],
1855.9.19.872 [1], 1972.1.18.5 [1], Banarescu, 1972c:
253, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Labeo Garnieri Sauvage, 1884a: 210, pl. 8 fig. 1 [not. pl. 7]
(type locality: Vietnam: vicinity of Hanoï; lectotype:
MNHN 1884-0081, designated by Banarescu, 1972c:
254, fig. 3)
Labeo jordani Oshima, 1919: 204, pl. 49 fig. 3 (type local-
ity: Taiwan: Shori, introduced from South China: Swa-
tow [Shantou]; lectotype: FMNH 59089 [ex CM 8226],
designated by Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 817, Ibarra &
Stewart, 1987: 51)
Cirrhinus melanostigma Fowler & Bean, 1922: 4, fig. 1 (type
locality: Taiwan: Koroton; holotype: USNM 84168 [er-
roneously designated as lectotype by Banarescu, 1972c:
254])
Labeo collaris Nichols & Pope, 1927: 362, fig. 28 (type
locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH
8399)
Labeo pingi Wu, 1931a: 20, fig. 3 (type locality: China:
Foochow [Fuzhou] [basin of Ming River up to Yenping
[Yanping]]; holotype: ? MNHN [p. 1])
Taxonomic notes. A molecular study of populations usual-
ly identified as C. molitorella (Nguyen & Sunnucks, 2012)
reports a clear differentiation between the populations of
the Mekong and those of the Red River drainage and East
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
89
Asia (which are C. molitorella s.s.). See under C. prose-
mion for the Mekong species.
Cirrhinus prosemion (Fowler, 1934)
Osteochilus prosemion Fowler, 1934a: 116, figs. 66–67 (type
locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP 59095,
Böhlke, 1984: 88)
? Osteochilus macrosemion Fowler, 1935a: 116 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Srisawat [Si Sawat, on Khwae Yai, a branch
of Mae Khlong, 94 miles north-northwest of Ratchaburi;
Smith, 1945: 26; 14°41'21"N 99°01'39"E]; holotype:
ANSP 60809, Böhlke, 1984: 82)
? Osteochilus spilopleura Fowler, 1935a: 115, figs. 52–53
(type locality: Thailand: Srisawat [Si Sawat, on Khwae
Yai, a branch of Mae Khlong, 94 miles north-northwest
of Ratchaburi; Smith, 1945: 26; 14°41'21"N 99°01'39"E];
holotype: ANSP 60808, Böhlke, 1984: 91; simultaneous
subjective synonyms of Osteochilus macrosemion Fow-
ler, 1935a: 116, first reviser [Karnasuta, 1993: 87] gave
precedence to O. macrosemion)
? Labeo stigmapleura Fowler, 1937: 202, figs. 169–170
(type locality: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP
68169, Böhlke, 1984: 91)
Taxonomic notes. Rainboth et al. (2012: 48, pl. 24) consid-
ered that C. prosemion is a distinct species present in the
Mekong. The molecular study by Nguyen & Sunnucks
(2012) of populations earlier identified as C. molitorella
shows a strong differentiation between the populations of
the Mekong and those of the Red River drainage and East
Asia (C. molitorella s.s.). It also shows that there are 3 or 4
distinct populations within the Mekong drainage. Unfortu-
nately, Nguyen & Sunnucks' study does not allow taxonomic
conclusions. Also, it does not include samples from the mid-
dle Mekong (type locality of L. stigmapleura), Chao Phraya
(type locality of O. prosemion) and Mae Khlong drainages
(type locality of O. macrosemion and O. spilopleura) that
are needed to decide which names would apply if these pop-
ulations represent more than one species.
Nomenclatural notes. While it seems clear that C. molito-
rella is absent from the Mekong drainage (there might be
feral populations), it is not clear which name(s) should be
applied to the species of Southeast Asia. If all the popula-
tions from the Mekong, Chao Phraya and Mae Khlong drain-
ages are conspecific (which is temporarily accepted here),
then the valid name is C. prosemion.
Cirrhinus rubirostris Roberts, 1997
Cirrhinus rubirostris Roberts, 1997b: 195, fig. 14 (type lo-
cality: Myanmar: Tenasserim River; holotype: MNHN
1992-1043)
Cosmochilus Sauvage, 1878
Cosmochilus Sauvage, 1878b: 240 (type species: Cosmo-
chilus harmandi Sauvage, 1878b: 240, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Papillocheilus Smith, 1945: 230 (type species: Papil-
locheilus ayuthiae Smith, 1945: 231, by original desig-
nation). Gender masculine.
Cosmochilus cardinalis Chu & Roberts, 1985
Cosmochilus cardinalis Chu & Roberts, 1985: 3, fig. 2 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Lancang-jiang [Mekong] near
Jinghong, 21°50'N 100°55'E; holotype: KIZ 735113)
Cosmochilus falcifer Regan, 1906
Cosmochilus falcifer Regan, 1906c: 66 (type locality: Ma-
laysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River; syntypes [2]:
BMNH 1906.10.29.4 [1], ZMA 114.319 [1], Nijssen et
al., 1993: 214 [BMNH 1905.11.14.8 [1], from Rajang,
listed by Eschmeyer, 2010, is not a syntype])
Cosmochilus harmandi Sauvage, 1878
Cosmochilus Harmandi Sauvage, 1878b: 240 (type locali-
ty: Laos; lectotype: MNHN 9555, designated by Banares-
cu, 1980a: 99, Kottelat, 1984a: 798)
Cosmochilus Pellegrini Durand, 1940: 10, pl. 3 (type local-
ity: Cambodia: Stung Chinit; holotype: ION)
Papillocheilus ayuthiae Smith, 1945: 231, fig. 42 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: tributary of Menam Chao Phya [Chao
Phraya] near Ayuthia; holotype: USNM 119495)
Crossocheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823
Crossocheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 1823c:
132 [translated in Alfred, 1961b: 86] (type species: Cros-
socheilus oblongus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132, by mono-
typy; also spelt Crostocheilus, first reviser [Kottelat,
1987a: 371] gave precedence to Crossocheilus). Gender
masculine.
Gonorhynchus McClelland, 1838: 943 (type species: Gono-
rhynchus brevis M'Clelland, 1839: 373, by subsequent
designation by Jordan, 1919a: 194; no species original-
ly included, first inclusion by M'Clelland, 1839: 366;
not a junior homonym of Gonorynchus Scopoli, 1777:
450). Gender masculine.
Crossocheilichthys Bleeker, 1859g: 335 (subgenus of Cros-
socheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 1823c:
132; type species: Lobocheilos cobitis Bleeker, 1854d:
523, by monotypy; also in Bleeker, 1860j: 122). Gender
masculine.
Crossochilus Günther, 1868a: 71 (unjustified emendation
of Crossocheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt,
1823c: 132). Gender masculine.
Holotylognathus Fowler, 1934a: 135 (type species: Holoty-
lognathus reticulatus Fowler, 1934a: 135, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Tariqilabeo Mirza & Saboohi, 1990: 405 (subgenus of La-
beo Cuvier, 1816a: 194; type species: Labeo macmaho-
ni Zugmayer, 1912: 597, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Crossocheilus atrilimes Kottelat, 2000
Crossocheilus atrilimes Kottelat, 2000a: 39, fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Vientiane Province: Nam Mang at Keng
Nam Mang (rapids) about 6 km upstream of Ban Hat-
khai; 18°26'33"N 103°10'32"E; holotype: ZRC 45298)
Crossocheilus burmanicus Hora, 1936
Crossocheilus burmanicus Hora, 1936b: 319, 324 (based
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
90
on the "Assamese and Burmese form" of Crossocheilus
latius (Hamilton, 1822) reported by Mukerji, 1934: 52,
fig. 6; type locality: India: Manipur [material of Hora,
1921a] / Burma: Mergui District: Kyenchaung River /
Myitkyina District: Mali Hka basin: Phungin Hka / Meet-
an [Mitan Chaung, rivulet flowing south from summit
of Mulayet Taung, 16°11'N 98°32'E; Ng & Kottelat,
2001: 500] [listed by Vinciguerra, 1890: 280]; syntypes:
ZSI, MCSNG [2], Kottelat, 2003b: 400; spelt burmani-
cas p. 324, first reviser [Kottelat, 1989: 7] retained bur-
manicus as correct original spelling)
Crossocheilus multirastellus Su, Yang & Chen, 2000: 217,
fig. 2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Upper Irrawaddy
drainage: Longchuanjiang, 25°00'N 98°41'E; holotype:
KIZ 8310384)
Taxonomic notes. Records of C. latius from Manipur and
from the Irrawaddy in Yunnan (Chu & Chen, 1989: 243)
refer to C. burmanicus (Su et al., 2000: 217).
[Cyprinus latius Hamilton, 1822: 345, 393 (type locality: India: Tista Riv-
er; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in M'Clelland,
1839: pl. 43 fig. 7)].
Crossocheilus cobitis (Bleeker, 1854)
Lobocheilos cobitis Bleeker, 1854d: 523 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Padang / Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syn-
types [40, 32–44 mm TL]: part of RMNH 7006 [1], 10490
[27], BMNH 1866.5.2.54 [1], SMNS 10589 [1], Fricke,
1991: 13, Eschmeyer, 2010)
? Epalzeorhynchos kalliurus Smith, 1945: 264, fig. 51 (type
locality: Thailand: Mekong at Chiang Sen Kao; holo-
type: USNM 109764)
Crossocheilus elegans Kottelat & Tan, 2011
Crossocheilus elegans Kottelat & Tan, 2011a: 195, fig. 1
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Danum Valley,
Kinabatangan drainage, stream at km 111 on main line
west after turnoff to Borneo Rainforest Lodge,
5°01'06.0"N 117°32'38.4"E; holotype: ZRC 51184)
Crossocheilus gnathopogon Weber & de Beaufort, 1916
Crossochilus gnathopogon Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 233,
fig. 95 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Fort de Kock
[Bukittinggi]; lectotype: ZMA 113745, designated by
Banarescu, 1986: 150, Tan & Kottelat, 2009: 34, fig. 24
[Weber & de Beaufort stated "type of the species in"
ZMA; this is not a holotype designation as Code art.
73.1.1 requires that the authors indicate which specimen
is the type and not where the type is. In addition no spec-
imen has been separated and can now be recognised as
the holotype; therefore, all specimens were syntypes])
Distribution notes. The mention of the type locality as "Lake
Mannindjan, Fort de Kock" [Lake Maninjau, Bukittinggi]
by Banarescu (1986: 150) is erroneous. There is no data
suggesting the specimens were obtained in Lake Maninjau
(Tan & Kottelat, 2009: 34).
Crossocheilus langei Bleeker, 1860
Crossocheilos Langei Bleeker, 1860j: 127 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype: BMNH
1866.5.2.106, Alfred, 1971: 100)
Crossocheilus nigriloba Popta, 1904
Crossochilus oblongus var. nigriloba Popta, 1904: 200 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bo Riv-
er; syntypes: RMNH 7589 [3]; also in Popta, 1906: 120,
pl. 8 fig. 27)
Crossocheilus oblongus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Has-
selt, 1823
Crossocheilus Oblongus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Has-
selt, 1823c: 132 [translated in Alfred, 1961b: 86] (type
locality: Indonesia: Java; lectotype: RMNH D.1755,
designated by inference of holotype [Code art. 74.6], by
Alfred, 1971: 101)
Labeo oblongus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 357 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Buitenzorg
[Bogor]; lectotype: RMNH D.1755, designated by Tan
& Kottelat, 2009: 32)
Epalzeorhynchus siamensis Smith, 1931a: 20, fig. 9 (type
locality: Thailand: Nakhon Sritamarat Province: upper
part of Tadi stream; holotype: USNM 90302, Kottelat,
2000a: 39)
Crossocheilus obscurus Tan & Kottelat, 2009
Crossocheilus obscurus Tan & Kottelat, 2009: 28, fig. 19
(type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Sumatra Barat: mar-
ket at Kiliran Jao, a village along road from Sungai Dareh
to Solok; holotype: MZB 10706)
Crossocheilus pseudobagroides Duncker, 1904
Crossochilus pseudobagroides Duncker, 1904: 176, pl. 2
fig. 12 (type locality: Malaysia: Muar River near Tubing
Tinggi; holotype: ZMH 373 [formerly 8681], Ladiges et
al., 1958: 159)
Crossocheilus reticulatus (Fowler, 1934)
Holotylognathus reticulatus Fowler, 1934a: 135, figs. 97–
98 (type locality: Thailand: Bua Yai; holotype: ANSP
57568, Böhlke, 1984: 89)
? Crossocheilus tchangi Fowler, 1935a: 126, figs. 71–72
(type locality: Thailand: Srisawat [Si Sawat, on Khwae
Yai, a branch of Mae Khlong, 94 miles north-northwest
of Ratchaburi; Smith, 1945: 26; 14°41'21"N 99°01'39"E];
holotype: ANSP 61690, Böhlke, 1984: 93)
Crossocheilus reticulatus Fowler, 1935a: 128, figs. 73–74
(type locality: Thailand: Khao Nam Poo; holotype: ANSP
61335, Böhlke, 1984: 88; secondary junior homonym
of Holotylognathus reticulatus Fowler, 1934a: 135)
Tylognathus coatesi Fowler, 1937: 208, figs. 181–182 (type
locality: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 68202,
Böhlke, 1984: 73)
Crossocheilus stigmaeus (Smith, 1945)
Epalzeorhynchos stigmaeus Smith, 1945: 267, fig. 53 (type
locality: Thailand: Mekhan [Mae Khan], tributary of
Meping [Mae Ping]; holotype: USNM 109765)
Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner, 1866
Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner, 1866d: 782 (type species:
Ctenopharyngodon laticeps Steindachner, 1866d: 782,
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
91
by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Pristiodon Dybowski, 1877: 26 (type species: Pristiodon
siemionovii Dybowski, 1877: 26, by monotypy; junior
homonym of Pristiodon Fitzinger, 1843: 35 in Reptilia).
Gender masculine.
Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1844)
Leuciscus idella Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1844: 362 (type locality: China; holotype: the specimen
figured on the drawing used by Valenciennes)
Leuciscus Tschiliensis Basilewsky, 1855: 233 (type locali-
ty: China: Gulf of Tschili and tributary streams; types:
? ZISP)
Ctenopharyngodon laticeps Steindachner, 1866d: 782, pl. 18
figs. 1–5 (type locality: China: Hongkong; holotype:
NMW 79745, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Sarcocheilichthys teretiusculus Kner, 1867: 356 (type lo-
cality: China: Shanghai / waters near Tianjin and drain-
ing to Gulf of Tschili [Basilewsky's material]; syntypes:
NMW, and material of Leuciscus teretiusculus Basilew-
sky, 1855: 232, pl. 4 fig. 1)
Pristiodon siemionovii Dybowski, 1877: 26 (type locality:
Russia: Amur, Ussuri, Sungacha and Sungari Rivers,
Lake Khanka; syntypes: LU)
Nomenclatural notes. Idella is a noun in apposition and
does not have to agree in gender with Ctenopharyngodon.
Sarcocheilichthys teretiusculus Kner, 1867 is treated as
a new taxon because Kner added "m." (= mihi, mine) at the
end of the heading, which he used to do for new taxa. But
clearly, as he listed Leuciscus teretiusculus Basilewsky, 1855:
232 in synonymy of his S. teretiusculus, all material of that
species is part of the type series. Thus, the type series in-
cludes two species and a lectotype or neotype designation
might become necessary. Basilewsky's species is placed in
the synonymy of Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson,
1846a: 299).
Culter Basilewsky, 1855
Culter Basilewsky, 1855: 236 (type species: Culter albur-
nus Basilewsky, 1855: 236, by subsequent designation
by Bleeker, 1863e: 214, 1863m: 33 and ICZN, 1958a:
291 [Opinion 513]; on Official List of Specific Names
in Zoology). Gender masculine.
Cultrichthys Smith, 1938b: 410 (type species: Culter brev-
icauda Günther, 1868a: 329, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy of the type species of Culter
and Cultrichthys follows Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: 56).
Culter alburnus Basilewsky, 1855
Culter Alburnus Basilewsky, 1855: 236, pl. 8 fig. 3 (type
locality: China: rivers draining to the Gulf of Tschili;
lectotype: ZISP 5585, designated by Berg, 1934: 266,
by inference of a holotype (Code art. 74.6), at least in
the English translation, see below)
Culter brevicauda Günther, 1868a: 329 (type locality: Tai-
wan; lectotype: BMNH 1865.10.29.29, designated by
Banarescu, 1971a: 10)
Culter Kneri Bleeker, 1870c: 252 (nomen nudum)
Culter Kneri Bleeker, 1871b: 14 (based on Culter erythro-
pterus of Kner, 1867: 360, pl. 14 fig. 4; type locality:
China: Shanghai; types: NMW)
Culter tientsinensis Abbott, 1901: 489, fig. (type locality:
China: Hebei: Pei-Ho River at Tien-Tsin [Tianjin]; ho-
lotype: USNM 49550 (ex CAS-SU 6297), Böhlke, 1953:
31, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Chen (1998a: 186)
except for identity of his C. alburnus, which is C. erythro-
pterus.
Nomenclatural notes. Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: 57)
designated ZISP 5585 as lectotype of Culter alburnus Ba-
silewsky, 1855. I consider that Berg (1934: 266) designated
the lectotype by inference of a holotype (Code art. 74.6) in
the sentence "As indicated by me in 1909, the type speci-
men of Culter alburnus Basilewsky, described from rivers
near Tien-tsin, is preserved in the Museum of Zoology, Acad-
emy of Sciences, No. 5585". This English text is a transla-
tion of the Russian text preceeding it; it was not translated
by Berg himself. N. Bogutskaya (pers. comm.) informs me
that in his Russian texts, in general, when mentioning 'type'
Berg was meaning a type (either the type or one of the types)
and not the type. In the present case, however, the English
text explicitly mentions the type. It may not correspond to
Berg's intention or to the Russian text, but this does not
change the conclusion.
Cyclocheilichthys Bleeker, 1859
Cyclocheilichthys Bleeker, 1859f: 371 (type species: Bar-
bus apogon Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 392, by monotypy; declared a nomen protectum
under Code art. 23.9.2 when treated as synonym of Cy-
clocheilos Bleeker, 1859c: 386, by Kottelat, 1999a: 597).
Gender masculine.
Anematichthys Bleeker, 1859f: 371 (subgenus of Cy-
clocheilichthys Bleeker, 1859f: 371; type species: Bar-
bus apogon Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 392, by monotypy; simultaneous objective syn-
onym of Cyclocheilichthys Bleeker, 1859f: 371, which
has precedence, Code art. 24.1 [Kottelat, 1999: 595]).
Gender masculine.
Siaja Bleeker, 1859l: 149 (subgenus of Cyclocheilichthys
Bleeker, 1859f: 371; type species: Capoeta siaja Blee-
ker, 1851p: 432, by absolute tautonymy). Gender femi-
nine.
Oxybarbus Vaillant, 1893a: 57 (type species: Barbus hete-
ronema Bleeker, 1854c: 446, by monotypy; also in Vail-
lant, 1893b: 83). Gender masculine.
Remarks. Cyclocheilos Bleeker, 1859c: 386, usually con-
sidered to be a synonym of Cyclocheilichthys, is treated as
valid following Pasco-Viel et al. (2012). These authors, how-
ever, used the name Anematichthys, which in fact is an ob-
jective synonym of Cyclocheilichthys; it is, therefore, not
available for the genus including C. enoplos (see Kottelat,
1999a: 597, 2013: 480). The molecular tree in Yang et al.
(2012: 34) places C. janthochir with C. armatus (the tree
does not include other congeners), in agreement with osteo-
logical information in Pasco-Viel et al. (2013: 483). Pasco-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
92
Viel et al. (2012, 2013) did not discuss the generic position
of C. heteronema, a species that strikingly differ from other
members of the genus. Its position should be investigated;
should it represent a distinct genus, the name Oxybarbus is
available for it.
Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1842)
Barbus apogon Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 392 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; syntypes:
? RMNH 2509 [1], 2446 [2], 2103 [1], 1735 [1], 1736
[1], Roberts, 1993b: 15)
Systomus apogonoïdes Bleeker, 1855k: 410 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta], Bekassi, Kampong
Duwa, Surabaya, Pasuruan;
syntypes [36, 82–176 mm TL]:
RMNH 10837 [16], SMNS 10593 [3], BMNH 1866.5.2.144
[1],
? MNHN 3845 [2], NMV 46095 [1], Eschmeyer,
2010, Fricke, 1991: 9, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 41)
Cyclocheilichthys rubripinnis Fowler, 1934b: 343, fig. 7
(type locality: Thailand: Ban Thung Luang [85 miles
south-southwest of Bangkok, Smith, 1945: 17; 12°41'N
99°51'E]; holotype: ANSP 60189, Böhlke, 1984: 90)
Cyclocheilichthys rubripinnis var. microcephala Pellegrin
& Chevey, 1940: 153 (type locality: Vietnam: Cochin-
chine: Hatien Province: Tan-Khánh-Hoà, Rach Giang
Thành; holotype: MNHN 1940-0038)
Rohteichthys macrolepis Holly, 1927a: 9 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumba [doubtful as almost all species mentioned
in Holly, 1927b have never been reported from Sumba];
holotype: NMW; also in Holly, 1927b: 199, fig. 1)
Leuciscus schlegelii Roberts, 1993b: 15 (not available, an
unpublished manuscript name of Kuhl and van Hasselt)
Nomenclatural notes. Roberts (1993: 15) listed 6 speci-
mens of Barbus apogon in RMNH collected by Kuhl and
van Hasselt, but did not gave them a type status. Valencien-
nes (in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 392) explicitly stated
having examined specimens (plural) in RMNH and the spec-
imens listed by Roberts seem to be potential syntypes.
Cyclocheilichthys armatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1842)
Barbus armatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 163 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; syntypes:
RMNH 2502 [1], Roberts, 1993b: 16 [Valenciennes ex-
plicitly stated having examined several specimens in
RMNH])
Barbus Valenciennesii Bleeker, 1849h: 17 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Kalimas River [Brantas] in Surabaya;
syntypes [up to 154 mm TL]: LU)
Capoeta enoplos Bleeker, 1851p: 431 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; holotype [198
mm TL]: LU; if treated as valid, becomes secondary jun-
ior homonym of Barbus enoplos Bleeker, 1849h: 16)
Capoeta siaja Bleeker, 1851p: 432 (nomen nudum [Blee-
ker explains which characters distinguish C. enoplos from
C. siaja (black blotches, red fins) but does not explain
the character state in C. siaja, therefore there is no de-
scription])
Capoeta Deventeri Bleeker, 1855k: 413 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Pasuruan Province: Lake Grati; holotype
[113 mm TL]: ? BMNH 1866.5.2.139, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Cyclocheilichthys siaja Bleeker, 1860j: 365, 374 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas and
Pontianak / Sumatra: Padang, Solok, Maninjau and
Singkarak; syntypes [8, 97–198 mm TL]: BMNH
1866.5.2.140 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Cyclocheilichthys macropus Bleeker, 1860j: 373 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Pontianak;
holotype [97 mm TL]: BMNH 1855.5.2.138, Eschmey-
er, 2010)
? Barbus lineatus Popta, 1905a: 171 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Bo River; syntypes: RMNH 7597 [3]; pri-
mary junior homonym of Barbus lineatus Duncker, 1904:
180; also in Popta, 1906: 129, pl. 8 fig. 29)
? Barbus Fowlerii Popta, 1906: 218 (replacement name for
Barbus lineatus Popta, 1905a: 171)
Barbus de Zwaani Weber & de Beaufort, 1912a: 525, pl. 11
fig. 3 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Solok; holo-
type: ZMA 112.644, Nijssen et al., 1993: 214)
Cyclocheilichthys tapiensis Smith, 1931a: 11, fig. 5 (type
locality: Thailand: Tapi River near Bandon [Surat Thani];
holotype: USNM 90294)
Cyclocheilichthys mekongensis Fowler, 1937: 187, figs. 126–
127 (type locality: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP
68112, Böhlke, 1984: 83)
Cosmochilus nanlaensis Chen, He & He, 1992: 100, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla
County; holotype: IHB 88XI0836)
Taxonomic notes. Identification of Cosmochilus nanlaen-
sis as a synonym of Cyclocheilichthys armatus is based on
my examination of the holotype. Rainboth et al. (2012: pl.
19) consider C. tapiensis and C. mekongensis as valid spe-
cies.
Cyclocheilichthys heteronema (Bleeker, 1854)
Barbus heteronema Bleeker, 1854c: 446 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; syntypes
[2, 108–114]: BMNH 1866.5.2.140 [1], 1960.1.29.1 [1],
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Cyclocheilichthys janthochir (Bleeker, 1854)
Systomus janthochir Bleeker, 1854c: 448 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas River in
Pontianak; syntypes [2, 195–202 mm TL]: RMNH 4959
[1], BMNH 1866.5.2.145 [1])
Cyclocheilichthys lagleri Sontirat, 1985
Cyclocheilichthys lagleri Sontirat, 1985: 45, fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Ayuthaya Province: Chao Phraya Riv-
er, vicinity of Amphoe Maharaj; holotype: UMMZ
198968; repeated in Sontirat, 1989: 101, fig. 2)
Cyclocheilichthys repasson (Bleeker, 1853)
Barbus repasson Bleeker, 1853f: 295 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Lampong: Panguabang; syntypes [2,
210–220 mm TL]: ? RMNH 1261 [1], 4958 [1], Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Cyclocheilichthys megalops Fowler, 1905a: 483, fig. 6 (type
locality: Borneo [Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram
River; Böhlke, 1984: 83]; holotype: ANSP 114889 [for-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
93
merly WIAP 13928], Böhlke, 1984: 83)
Cyclocheilichthys coolidgei Smith, 1945: 144 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Meping River [Mae Nam Ping] at Chiang
Mai; holotype: MCZ 35519; fig. 19 does not represent
this species but same specimen as fig. 35, holotype of
Acrossocheilus schroederi Smith, 1945: 203)
Cyclocheilichthys schoppeae Cervancia & Kottelat, 2007
Cyclocheilichthys schoppeae Cervancia & Kottelat, 2007:
141, fig. 1 (type locality: Philippines: Palawan: Iraan
River, a tributary of Barbacan, between Iraan and Du-
marao villages, 10°25'49.6"N 119°22'25.5"E; holotype:
PNM uncat.)
Cyclocheilos Bleeker, 1859
Cyclocheilos Bleeker, 1859c: 386 (type species: Barbus
macracanthus Bleeker, 1854d: 516, by monotypy; de-
clared a nomen oblitum under Code art. 23.9.2 when treat-
ed as synonym of Cyclocheilichthys Bleeker, 1859f: 371,
by Kottelat, 1999a: 597). Gender masculine.
Remarks. Cyclocheilos Bleeker, 1859c: 386, usually con-
sidered to be a synonym of Cyclocheilichthys, is treated as
valid following Pasco-Viel et al. (2012). These authors, how-
ever, used the name Anematichthys, which in fact is an ob-
jective synonym of Cyclocheilichthys; it is, therefore, not
available for the genus including C. enoplos (see Kottelat,
1999a: 597).
Cyclocheilos was declared a nomen oblitum and prece-
dence was given to Cyclocheilichthys, under Code art. 23.9.2,
when the two names are considered to be synonyms (Kotte-
lat, 1999a: 597). But now that the two names are no longer
regarded as synonyms, the older name (Cyclocheilos) is
available and maybe used [last sentence of art. 23.9.2]. The
type species of Cyclocheilos is Barbus macracanthus, a jun-
ior synonym of C. enoplos; this makes Cyclocheilos the valid
nomen for the genus called Cyclocheilichthys by Pasco-Viel
et al. (2012) (see Kottelat, 2013a: 480).
Cyclocheilos enoplos (Bleeker, 1849)
Barbus enoplos Bleeker, 1849h: 16 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Kalimas River [Brantas] in Surabaya; synty-
pes [up to 225 mm TL]: part of RMNH 7012 [6], 11905
[1], BMNH 1866.5.2.142 [1], NMV 46585 [1], Esch-
meyer, 2010; enoplus is a frequent incorrect subsequent
spelling)
Barbus macracanthus Bleeker, 1854d: 516 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang; syntypes [2, 250–270
mm TL]: part of RMNH 7011 [1], 10478 [1], BMNH
1866.5.2.136 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Cyclocheilichthys Dumerili Bleeker, 1864g: 35 (nomen nu-
dum), 1864j: 175 (nomen nudum)
Cyclocheilichthys Dumerilii Sauvage, 1881a: 163, 182 (type
locality: Thailand: Bangkok; lectotype: MNHN 1828,
designated by Kottelat, 1984a: 800)
Barbus enoploides Tirant, 1885 [1929: 157] (type locality:
Vietnam: river of Saigon / Thu-dau-mot; lectotype:
MGHNL 42000260, designated by Kottelat, 1987c: 9
[specimens listed as paralectotypes by Eschmeyer, 2010
have no type status])
Cyclocheilichthys amblyceps Fowler, 1937: 187, figs. 140–
141 (type locality: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP
68133, Böhlke, 1984: 68)
Cyclocheilos furcatus (Sontirat, 1985)
Cyclocheilichthys furcatus Sontirat, 1985: 43, fig. 1 (type
locality: Thailand: Ubon Ratchatani Province: 8 km north
of Huey Mak, Khong Chiam; holotype: UMMZ 198969;
repeated in Sontirat, 1989: 99, fig. 1)
Cyprinus Linnaeus, 1758
Cyprinus Linnaeus, 1758: 320 (type species: Cyprinus car-
pio Linnaeus, 1758: 320, by subsequent designation by
Jordan & Gilbert, 1883b: 254; on Official List of Gener-
ic Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1922b: 73 [Opinion 77],
1956b: 340 [Direction 56] [first designation in fact by
Guichenot, 1835: 8 [also Desmarest, 1856: 287]). Gen-
der masculine.
Carpio Heckel, 1843: 1014 (type species: Cyprinus kollarii
Heckel, 1836: 223 [hybrid Cyprinus carpio x Carassius
carassius, Günther, 1868a: 31], by subsequent designa-
tion by Bleeker, 1863e: 191, 1863m: 24, 1863l: 262
[available, even if type species is of hybrid origin, Code
art. 17.2; may be used, as art. 23.8 only applies to spe-
cies-group names, but the Code does not say how to fix
status of genus-group names whose type species is based
on hybrid specimens; listed here as one of originally in-
cluded nominal species, Cyprinus regina Bonaparte,
1836: [fasc. 18, punta. 92], is not an hybrid but a Cypri-
nus]). Gender masculine.
Mesocyprinus Fang, 1936b: 690, 699 (type species: Cypri-
nus micristius Regan, 1906b: 332, by original designa-
tion). Gender masculine.
Mesocyprinus Cheng, 1950: 568 (type species: Cyprinus
micristius Regan, 1906b: 332, by original designation;
junior homonym and objective synonym of Mesocypri-
nus Fang, 1936b: 699). Gender masculine.
Laichowcypris Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969: 9 (type spe-
cies: Laichowcypris day Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969:
10, by original designation; spelt Laichoncypris p. 3,
Laichwcypris p. 3, Laichoncypres p. 4, Laichowcypriris
p. 9, Laichokypres p. 9, Laichoxcypris p. 10, Laichov-
vcyporis p. 18 and Laichvvcypris p. 19, first reviser [Kot-
telat, 2001b: 116] retained Laichowcypris as correct orig-
inal spelling; translation in Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 2007:
66). Gender feminine.
Species inquirenda
Cyprinus hieni Nguyen [T. T.] & Ho, 2003: 1130, fig. 2 (type
locality: Vietnam: Quang Binh: Minh Hoa District:
Thuong Hoa Commune, Cu Nhang dam, 17°35'N
105°55'E; holotype: ? VUP PN.96.03)
Cyprinus acutidorsalis Chen & Hwang, in Wu, 1977
Cyprinus acutidorsalis Chen & Hwang, in Wu, 1977: 410,
pl. 8-10 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Qinzhou; syn-
types: IHB 75V3943–3947, 3962 [6])
Cyprinus acutidorsalis Wang, 1979: 424, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: China: Hainan: Qionghai District: Lecheng; holo-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
94
type: Xiamen Fisheries College 65-1821; junior prima-
ry homonym of Cyprinus acutidorsalis Chen & Hwang,
in Wu, 1977: 410)
Nomenclatural notes. Cyprinus acutidorsalis has been de-
scribed twice, with different type material. Each descrip-
tion is therefore to be regarded as a distinct available name.
It is not clear whether the two descriptions apply to the same
species.
Cyprinus barbatus Chen & Hwang, in Wu, 1977
Cyprinus pellegrini barbatus Chen & Hwang, in Wu, 1977:
423, pl. 8-19 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Er Hai [Dali
Lake]; syntypes [22]: IHB 646635–638, 640, 641, 710–
713, 717–721, 726, 727, 729, 731, 732, 734)
*Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758
Cyprinus Carpio Linnaeus, 1758: 320 (based on Artedi
[1738: gen. 4 [25], syn. 3, spec. 25 [4], Cyprinus cirris
quatuor ...], Linnaeus [1746: 120, n. 317, idem] and
Gronovius [1754: 5, n. 19, idem.]; type locality: "in Eu-
ropa"; syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.139 [1], Wheeler,
1958: 212)
Cyprinus cirrosus Schaeffer, 1760: 18, pl. 1 figs. 1–3 (not
available, work is on Index of Rejected Works, ICZN,
1955a: 358 [Opinion 345])
Cyprinus rex cyprinorum Bloch, 1781b: 107, 193, pl. 17
(type locality: Germany: Dresden: near Torgau / Fran-
ken / Czech Republic: Böhmen; syntypes: ZMB 3195
[2], 32626 [1], Kottelat, 1997: 56, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Cyprinus nudus Bloch, 1784a: 178 (type locality: Poland:
Schlesien; type material: NT, Kottelat, 1997: 56)
Cyprinus alepidotus Bloch, 1784a: 178 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Cyprinus regius Nau, 1791: 29 (unnecessary replacement
name for Rex cyprinorum Bloch, 1781b: 107, 193; jun-
ior primary homonym of Cyprinus regius Molina, 1782:
195, 225, 346)
Cyprinus carpio var. caspicus Walbaum, 1792: 17 (avail-
able by indication to Lepechin, 1774: 321, pl. 23 [Ger-
man edition] and Güldenstaedt, 1778: 253; type locali-
ty: mouths of Volga and Tanais [Don] Rivers, Russia and
Ukraine; type material: NT ?)
Cyprinus rex Walbaum, 1792: 24 (type locality: Germany:
Dresden: near Torgau / Franken / Czech Republic: Böh-
men [localities listed by Bloch, 1781b: 107], probably
Germany: Regensburg [material of Schaeffer, 1760: 18];
syntypes: ZMB 3195 [2], 32626 [1] [Bloch's material],
Kottelat, 1997: 56)
Cyprinus macrolepidotus Meidinger, 1794: iii, pl. 40 (type
locality: Austria: Danube River; syntypes: LU)
Cyprinus specularis La Cepède, 1803: 528 (unnecessary
replacement name for Cyprinus rexcyprinorum Bloch,
1781b: 107, 193)
Cyprinus coriaceus La Cepède, 1803: 528 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Cyprinus nudus Bloch, 1784a: 178)
Cyprinus viridescens La Cepède, 1803: 541, 543, pl. 17 fig.
1 (type locality: France: Rouen; holotype: LU)
Cyprinus Rondeletii Shaw, 1802: 2 unnumb. pp., pl. 556
(type locality: France: Lyon; types: NT)
Cyprinus macrolepidotus Schinz, in Cuvier, 1822: 320 (un-
necessary replacement name for Cyprinus rexcyprinorum
Bloch, 1781b: 107; junior primary homonym of Cypri-
nus macrolepidotus Meidinger, 1794: pl. 40)
Cyprinus macrolepidotus Hartmann, 1827: 183 (type local-
ity: Switzerland: Lake Konstanz; type material: NT ?;
junior homonym of Cyprinus macrolepidotus Meidinger,
1794: pl. 40 and Cyprinus macrolepidotus Schinz, in
Cuvier, 1822: 320)
Cyprinus carpio var. lacustris Fitzinger, 1832: 333 (avail-
able by indication to "Cyprinus 1 var." of Kramer, 1756:
390; type locality: Austria: lake Neusiedlersee [lacu
Nischiteriensi; Kramer]; syntypes: NMW ?; junior pri-
mary homonym of Cyprinus lacustris Pallas, 1814: 314)
Cyprinus Regina Bonaparte, 1836: [fasc. 18, punta. 92], pl.
108 fig. 1 (type locality: Italy: Arno, Tevere and Aniene
Rivers, lakes Trasimeno and Bracciano; syntypes:
MNHN 751 [1], Almaça, 1969: 1142, ANSP 6616–6623
[8], USNM 2863 [2], Böhlke, 1984: 88, Eschmeyer,
2010)
Cyprinus hungaricus Heckel, 1836: 222, pl. 19 fig. 1 (type
locality: Hungary: lake Neusiedlersee; syntypes: NMW
10958 [1], 10959 [1])
Cyprinus Elatus Bonaparte,
1836: [fasc. 18, punta. 92], pl. 108
fig. 3
(type locality: Italy: lakes Bracciano and Vico near
Ronciglione, and ditches leading to Lake Trajano; syn-
types: ANSP 6614, Böhlke, 1984: 75)
Cyprinus Nordmannii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842: 66, pl. 456 (type locality: Ukraine: market
in Odessa, from Dniester and Bug Rivers; holotype:
MNHN 3375, Almaça, 1969: 1141)
Cyprinus angulatus Heckel, 1843: 1013 (nomen nudum;
locality: Hungary)
Cyprinus thermalis Heckel, 1843: 1013 (nomen nudum; lo-
cality: Hungary)
Cyprinus festetitzii Bonaparte, 1845a: 391 (not available,
name listed in synonymy; also in Bonaparte, 1845b: 3,
1846: 26)
Cyprinus specularis Gronow, in Gray, 1854: 178 (type lo-
cality: Danube River; syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.140
[1], Wheeler, 1958: 212 and material on which are based
accounts of Schaefer, 1760: 18, figs. 1–3, Klein, 1749:
59, n° 2, Kramer, 1756: 390, Leske, 1774: 23; junior
primary homonym of Cyprinus specularis La Cepède,
1803: 528)
Carpio vulgaris Rapp, 1854: 141 (type locality: Germany–
Switzerland–Austria: Lake Konstanz; syntypes: LU)
Cyprinus carpio var. gibbosus Kessler, 1856a: 357 (type
locality: Ukraine: Kiev: Ekaterinoslaw [Dniepro-
petrowsk]; syntypes: ? ZISP; also in Kessler, 1856b: 35;
junior primary homonym of Cyprinus gibbosus Pallas,
1814: 324)
Cyprinus Bithynicus Richardson, 1857: 372 (type locality:
Turkey: Lake Apollonitis [Apulyont]; holotype: BMNH
1856.5.2.7, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Cyprinus acuminatus Heckel & Kner, 1858: 58, fig. 22 (type
locality: Austria and Hungary: Danube River and lakes
Neusiedlersee and Balaton; syntypes: NMW 52846 [2],
52854–855 [2], 52927–929 [3], 52950 [9], 53403 [2];
junior primary homonym of C. acuminatus Richardson,
1846a: 289)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
95
Cyprinus carpio var. elongatus Walecki, 1863: 359 (unnec-
essary replacement name for Cyprinus hungaricus Hec-
kel, 1836: 222)
Cyprinus carpio var. monstrosus Walecki, 1863: 359 (not
available, nomen nudum and infrasubspecific)
Cyprinus carpio var. oblongus Antipa, 1909: 117, pl. 8 fig. 36
(type locality: Romania: delta of Danube River; synty-
pes: LU)
Cyprinus coeruleus Brind, 1915: 25, fig. (type locality: Ja-
pan; types: aquarium fishes probably not preserved)
Cyprinus carpio anatolicus Hankó, 1924: 150, pl. 3 fig. 10
(type locality: Turkey: Pursak River near Eski-Chehir
[Eskişehir; 39°46'36"N 30°31'14"E] and Kötschke-Kiss-
ik [Gökçekısık; 39°39'N 30°24'E]; syntypes [6]: ? MNH)
Cyprinus carpio morpha aralensis Spiczakow, 1935: 428,
fig. 7a (not available, infrasubspecific; locality: Aral Sea
at St. Nikolaus and Lasarew Islands)
Cyprinus carpio fluviatilis Pravdin, 1945: 11 (type locality:
Russia: flood-plain lakes of Volga River near Saratov
[Berg, 1949: 1327]; syntypes: LU)
Cyprinus carpio morpha typica Misik, 1958: 70 (not avail-
able, infrasubspecific)
Cyprinus carpio morpha brevicirri Misik, 1958: 70 (not
available, infrasubspecific)
Cyprinus carpio morpha longicirri Misik, 1958: 70 (not
available, infrasubspecific)
Distribution notes. Introduced. This species is native to
Europe and central Asia (basins of Black, Caspian and Aral
seas). The 'common carp' of East Asia are C. rubrofuscus or
artificially produced hybrids.
Nomenclatural notes. Eschmeyer (2010) records a "Cypri-
nus vittatus Valenciennes, 1843: 70" (Canary Islands:
Lancerotte and Arecife). I could not find this species in Va-
lenciennes (1843).
Cyprinus chilia Wu, Yang, Yue & Huang, 1963
Cyprinus carpio chilia Wu, Yang, Yue & Huang, 1963: 43
(type locality: China: all lakes of Yunnan [but Qilu Lake,
in Wu, 1977: 416]; syntypes: possibly IHB 578070–073
[4], 578081 [1], listed by Wu, 1977: 416)
Cyprinus crassilabris Chen & Hwang, in Wu, 1977: 419,
pl. 8-15 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Erh Hai [Dali
Lake]; syntypes: IHB 646035–037, 045, 049, 054, 093,
284, 286, 293, 308, 397, 557, 605, 627, 629, 630, 706–
709, 735 [23])
Cyprinus dai (Nguyen & Doan, 1969)
Laichowcypris dai Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969: 10 (type
locality: Vietnam: Da River, between Lai Chau and Hoa
Binh; lectotype: NCNTTSI "1016", designated by Rob-
erts & Catania, 2007: 89, fig. 1 [possibly same as
NCNTTSI H.01.102.01.01, erroneously listed as holo-
type by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 598]; original fig-
ure of lectotype first published in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001:
597, fig. 308, again in Nguyen [V. H.], 2007: 78, fig. 1;
translation in Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 2007: 67)
Cyprinus daliensis Chen & Hwang, in Wu, 1977
Cyprinus yunnanensis daliensis Chen & Hwang, in Wu,
1977: 426, pl. 8-21 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Erh
Hai [Dali Lake]; syntypes: IHB 646002, 004–006, 008,
010, 113, 260, 276, 279, 281, 481, 530, 531, 534, 536,
743–747, 749–754 [27])
Cyprinus exophthalmus Mai, 1978
Cyprinus exophthalmus Mai, 1978: 34, fig. 13 (type locali-
ty: northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT)
Cyprinus hyperdorsalis Nguyen, 1991
Cyprinus hyperdorsalis Nguyen [V. H.], 1991: 36 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Ha Son Binh Province: Suoi Rut; holo-
type [listed p. 37]: NCNTTSI H.01.109.05.01, Nguyen
[V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 595)
Cyprinus intha Annandale, 1918
Cyprinus carpio intha Annandale, 1918: 47, pl. 3 fig. 1 (type
locality: Burma: Southern Shan States: Lake Inlé, Heho
plain, Kengtung / Mong Sit State: Loilem; syntypes: ZSI
F 9366/1 [11], ZSI F 9367/1 [9], Menon & Yazdani, 1968:
107)
Cyprinus longipectoralis Chen & Hwang, in Wu, 1977
Cyprinus longipectoralis Chen & Hwang, in Wu, 1977: 421,
pl. 8-17 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Erh Hai [Dali
Lake]; syntypes: IHB 646059, 061–063, 065, 066, 070–
074, 315–317, 321–325, 329, 561, 787, 788, 791, 792,
794, 795, 836 [27])
Cyprinus megalophthalmus Wu, Yang, Yue & Huang,
1963
Cyprinus carpio megalophthalmus Wu, Yang, Yue & Huang,
1963: 43 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Erhai [Dali
Lake]; syntypes: possibly IHB 579087, 5710019, 58019,
585468, 585471–472, 60609–612, 60615–616, 60176–
178, 60741, Wu, 1977: 420)
Cyprinus melanes (Mai, 1978)
Carassioides cantonensis melanes Mai, 1978: 27, fig. 9 (type
locality: Vietnam: Quang Binh Province: mouth of Kien
Giang River; syntypes: DVZUT)
Cyprinus centralus Nguyen [H. D.] & Mai, 1994: 20, fig. 1
(type locality: Vietnam: Thua Thien Hue Province: Hué,
Huong River; holotype: DVZUT)
Cyprinus multitaeniatus Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936
Cyprinus carpio var. multitaeniata Pellegrin & Chevey,
1936b: 220 (type locality: Vietnam: Tonkin: Lake Babé
near Cho-Ra; holotype: MNHN 1935-0317)
Cyprinus carpio var. triangulus Wu, 1939: 95, pl. 1 fig. 1
(type locality: China: Li-Kiang: Yangso; syntypes: [re-
pository not stated] 206–207 [2], 609 [1])
Cyprinus carpio triangulus Wu, Yang, Yue & Huang, 1963:
43 (type locality: China; syntypes: IHB; possibly Cypri-
nus carpio var. triangulus Wu, 1939: 95, which is not
cited)
Cyprinus quidatensis Nguyen, Le, Le & Nguyen, 1999
Cyprinus quidatensis Nguyen [T. T.], Le, Le & Nguyen,
1999: 10, fig. (back cover) (type locality: Vietnam: Quang
Binh Province: Minh Hoa District: Thuong Hoa Com-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
96
Danio Hamilton, 1822
Danio Hamilton, 1822: 321, 390 (subgenus of Cyprinus
Linnaeus, 1758: 320; type species: Cyprinus dangila
Hamilton, 1822: 321, by subsequent designation by Blee-
ker, 1863e: 204, 1863l: 264, 1863m: 29). Gender mas-
culine.
Taxonomic notes. Phylogeny and systematics discussed in
Fang (2003) and Fang et al. (2009). See comment under
Celestichthys for classification retained here.
Danio dangila (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus dangila Hamilton, 1822: 321, 390 (type locality:
India: mountain stream south from Mungger [Bihar:
Munger]; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished drawing
reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 45 fig. 1)
Perilampus reticulatus M'Clelland, 1839: 290, 397, pl. 45
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Calcutta / south of Monghyr
[Bihar: Munger]; syntypes: [specimen examined by
M'Clelland and basis of Cyprinus dangila Hamilton,
1822: 231])
Danio deyi Sen & Dey, 1985: 61, fig. 1 (type locality: India:
Meghalaya: Umroi stream, Khasi Hills; holotype: ? ZSI)
Danio meghalayensis Sen & Dey, 1985: 63, fig. 2 (type lo-
mune, Hung Sac Valley in Phong Nha region, 17°56'05"–
17°58'08"N 106°00'24"E; holotype: VUP TH 9664)
Cyprinus rubrofuscus La Cepède, 1803
Cyprinus rubro-fuscus La Cepède, 1803: 530, pl. 16 fig. 1
(type locality: China; holotype: specimen on which fig-
ure is based)
Cyprinus nigro-auratus La Cepède, 1803: 547, pl. 16 fig. 2
(type locality: China; types: specimen[s] on which
figure[s] is based; simultaneous subjective synonym of
Cyprinus rubrofuscus La Cepède, 1803: 530, first revis-
ers [apparently Chen & Hwang, in Wu, 1977: 414] gave
precedence to C. rubrofuscus)
Cyprinus viridi-violaceus La Cepède, 1803: 547, pl. 16 fig. 3
(type locality: China; types: specimen[s] on which
figure[s] is based; simultaneous subjective synonym of
Cyprinus rubrofuscus La Cepède, 1803: 530, first revis-
ers [apparently Chen & Hwang, in Wu, 1977: 414] gave
precedence to C. rubrofuscus)
Cyprinus anna-carolina La Cepède, 1803: 544, pl. 18 fig. 1
(type locality: not stated; holotype: specimen on which
figure is based; simultaneous subjective synonym of
Cyprinus rubrofuscus La Cepède, 1803: 530, first revis-
er [apparently Kottelat, 2006: 30] gave precedence to C.
rubrofuscus)
Cyprinus floripenna van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 [translated in
Alfred, 1961b: 85], 1824b: 375 (nomen nudum, Kotte-
lat, 1987a: 370)
? Cyprinus flavipinnis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842: 71, pl. 457 (type locality: Indonesia: Java:
Buitenzorg [Bogor]; holotype: figured specimen [? pos-
sibly MNHN B.674, Roberts, 1993b: 16; doubtful, Va-
lenciennes would have used data from the specimen;
instead Valenciennes explicitly stated that the descrip-
tion is based only on the figure by Kuhl and van Hasselt;
if pl. 457 is not based on Kuhl and van Hasselt's figure,
then the specimens illustrated on the two figures are syn-
types])
Cyprinus vittatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 72 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype (?):
? RMNH; original description ambiguous, based on a
drawing and apparently also a specimen; junior primary
homonym of Cyprinus vittatus Rafinesque, 1817: 121)
Cyprinus haematopterus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 189,
216, pl. 96 (type locality: Japan: large rivers of Kiusiu
Island; lectotype: RMNH 2400, designated by Boese-
man, 1947: 152; junior primary homonym of Cyprinus
haematopterus Rafinesque, 1820a: 6)
Cyprinus melanotus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 190, pl. 97
fig. 1 (type locality: Japan; lectotype: RMNH 2399, des-
ignated by Boeseman, 1947: 153)
Cyprinus conirostris Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 191,
pl. 27 fig. 2 (type locality: Japan; lectotype: RMNH 1724,
designated by Boeseman, 1947: 153)
Cyprinus atro-virens Richardson, 1846a: 287 (type locali-
ty: China: Canton; holotype: specimen on which is based
Reeves' unpublished drawing, reproduced in Whitehead,
1970a: 209, pl. 14a)
Cyprinus flammans Richardson, 1846a: 288 (type locality:
China: Canton; holotype: specimen on which is based
Reeves' unpublished drawing, reproduced in Whitehead,
1970a: 209, pl. 15a)
Cyprinus hybiscoides Richardson, 1846a: 289 (type locali-
ty: China: Canton; syntypes: ? BMNH and specimen on
which is based Reeves' unpublished drawing, reproduced
in Whitehead, 1970a: 209, pl. 16a)
Cyprinus sculponeatus Richardson, 1846a: 290 (type local-
ity: China: Canton; holotype: specimen on which is based
Reeves' unpublished drawing, reproduced in Whitehead,
1970a: 209, pl. 16b)
Cyprinus ? fossicola Richardson, 1846a: 291 (type locality:
China: Canton; holotype: specimen on which is based
Reeves' unpublished drawing, reproduced in Whitehead,
1970a: 209, pl. 15b)
Cyprinus Chinensis Basilewsky, 1855: 227, pl. 2 fig. 3 (type
locality: China: Khoun'-ks River and other streams drain-
ing to Gulf of Tschili [possibly Kunyu, a river in Beijing];
types: ? ZISP; junior primary homonym of Cyprinus
chinensis Gronow, in Gray, 1854: 181)
? Cyprinus obesus Basilewsky, 1855: 228, pl. 1 fig. 2 (type
locality: China: "Khoun'-ks River and others" [possibly
Kunyu, a river in Beijing]; types: ? ZISP)
Cyprinus carpio var. mürgo Dybowski, 1869: 950 (type lo-
cality: Russia: Siberia: Onon River; syntypes: ? IZPAN,
Sinicyn, 1900: 42; spelt murgo p. 946 [emendation as
muergo (e.g. in Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 1128) is errone-
ous as name not derived from a German word; Dybows-
ki explicitly stated it is the local vernacular name of the
fish, Code art. 32.5.2.1])
Cyprinus carpio yuankiang Wu, Yang, Yue & Huang, 1963:
43 (type locality: China; syntypes: IHB)
Cyprinus mahuensis Liu & Ding, 1982: 71, fig. (type local-
ity: China: Sichuan: Lei Po County [Leibo; 28°17'N
103°26'E]: Ma-Hu Lake; syntypes [15]: IHB 80-XI-3)
Taxonomic notes. Often misidentified as Cyprinus carpio.
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97
Desmopuntius gemellus (Kottelat, 1996)
Puntius gemellus Kottelat, 1996a: 305, fig. 3 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: market in Jambi; holotype: MZB
5939)
Desmopuntius hexazona (Weber & de Beaufort, 1912)
Barbus hexazona Weber & de Beaufort, 1912a: 527, pl. 11
fig. 2 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Taluk / Gunung
Sahilan; syntypes: ZMA 103.253 [1], 103.200 [13], Nijs-
sen et al., 1993: 214, Alfred, 1963b: 139)
Desmopuntius johorensis (Duncker, 1904)
Barbus fasciatus Bleeker, 1853l: 190 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Bangka: Marawang; lectotype: RMNH 4015, des-
ignated by Kottelat, 1996a: 307; secondary junior hom-
onym of Cirrhinus fasciatus Jerdon, 1849: 305, when
placed in Puntius by Silas, 1956: 194)
? Barbus fasciatus var. Chaperi Vaillant, 1902: 13 (nomen
nudum)
Barbus tetrazona var. johorensis Duncker, 1904: 178, pl. 1
fig. 3 (type locality: Malaysia: Muar River near Tebing
Tinggi; lectotype: ZMH 371 [formerly 8438], designat-
ed by Ladiges et al., 1958: 158, Kottelat, 1993a: 188,
fig. 1)
Puntius eugrammus Silas, 1956: 194 (replacement name for
Barbus fasciatus Bleeker, 1853l: 190)
Puntius pentazona chiniensis Yoong, 1973: 35, fig. (type
locality: Malaysia: Selangor: Tasik Chini; holotype: LU)
Desmopuntius pentazona (Boulenger, 1894)
Barbus pentazona Boulenger, 1894a: 248 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River; syntypes [3]:
BMNH 1889.7.31.13 [3], Alfred, 1963b: 139)
Desmopuntius rhomboocellatus (Koumans, 1940)
Barbus tetrazona Bleeker, 1856m: 14 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Kahajan River; ho-
lotype [57 mm SL]: BMNH 1866.5.2.186, Alfred, 1963b:
140; junior secondary homonym of Capoeta tetrazona
Bleeker, 1855h: 262 when placed in Systomus by Blee-
ker, 1859l: 152 and in Barbus by Hoedeman, 1956:
288)
Puntius rhombo-ocellatus Koumans, 1940b: 189 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: about 15
km from Bandjermasin in a canal along the highway from
Oelin to Bandjermasin; holotype: RMNH 16869, Alfred,
1963b: 140)
Barbus kahajani Hoedeman, 1956: 288, fig. (replacement
name for Barbus tetrazona Bleeker, 1856m: 14; also in
Hoedeman, 1958: 201)
Desmopuntius trifasciatus (Kottelat, 1996)
Puntius trifasciatus Kottelat, 1996a: 309, fig. 5 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas ba-
sin: Danau Sentarum Wildlife Reserve, Nanga Semunak
[dry season location], 0°56'37"N 112°05'31"E; holotype:
MZB 5940)
cality: India: Meghalaya: torrent near Barapani, Khasi
Hills; holotype: ? ZSI)
Nomenclatural notes. The etymology of Danio deyi is ex-
plained as "the species has been named Danio deyi by the
first author [...] after the name of her teacher and guide,
Dr S. C. Dey" [who incidentally is the second author of the
paper]. It is not clear what 'named' means; I interpret this
simply as 'coined the name', which is not equivalent to 're-
sponsible for the conditions making the name available'.
Therefore I retain the authorship of the name as 'Sen & Dey'.
Otherwise, it should be 'Sen, in Sen & Dey', which adds
nothing in terms of bibliographic information, which is the
only justification for mentioning authorship.
Danionella Roberts, 1986
Danionella Roberts, 1986a: 232 (type species: Danionella
translucida Roberts, 1986a: 233, by original designa-
tion). Gender feminine.
Danionella dracula Britz, Conway & Rüber, 2009
Danionella dracula Britz, Conway & Rüber, 2009: 2180,
fig, 1 (type locality: Myanmar: Kachin state: stream at
Sha Du Zup between Mogaung and Tanai; holotype:
BMNH 2008.1.1.1)
Danionella mirifica Britz, 2003
Danionella mirifica Britz, 2003: 219, fig. 1 (type locality:
Myanmar: Kachin Division: hill stream 8 miles from
Kamaing on road to Tanai; holotype: USNM 372847)
Danionella translucida Roberts, 1986
Danionella translucida Roberts, 1986a: 233, figs. 1–12 (type
locality: Burma: Pegu Division: Sittang River basin,
Dayama Chaung 1 mile north of Daik-u; holotype: NRM
32232)
Desmopuntius Kottelat, 2013
Desmopuntius Kottelat, 2013: 482 [appendix to present
work] (type species: Barbus hexazona Weber & de Beau-
fort, 1912a: 527, by original designation). Gender mas-
culine.
? Desmopuntius endecanalis (Roberts, 1989)
Puntius endecanalis Roberts, 1989: 62, fig. 45 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: small tribu-
tary of Sungai Mandai 2–3 km upstream from its
confluence with Kapuas, 17 km west-southwest of Pu-
tussibau, 0°47'N 112°48'E; holotype: MZB 4003)
Desmopuntius foerschi (Kottelat, 1982)
Barbus foerschi Kottelat, 1982: 425, fig. 2c–d (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: about 50–
100 km north of Sampit [area of Sebabi and Palangan;
Sebabi is about half a day by boat upriver of Palangan
on Sungai Seranau; Palangan is half-day upriver of
Sampit on the Mentaya; Schaller & Kottelat, 1989: 35];
holotype: MHNG 2058.98)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
98
Devario Heckel, 1843
Devario Heckel, 1843: 1015 (type species: Cyprinus deva-
rio Hamilton, 1822: 341, by absolute tautonymy). Gen-
der masculine.
Paradanio Day, 1865c: 219 (type species: Perilampus au-
rolineatus Day, 1865b: 306, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine.
Eustira Günther, 1868a: 331 (type species: Eustira ceylon-
ensis Günther, 1868a: 331, by monotypy). Gender fem-
inine.
Rambaibarnia Fowler, 1934b: 341 (subgenus of Danio Hamil-
ton, 1822: 321; type species: Danio regina Fowler,
1934b: 342, by original designation). Gender feminine.
Danioides Chu, 1935: 10 (type species: Danio kakhienensis
Anderson, 1879: 868, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Parabarilius Pellegrin & Fang, 1940: 117 (type species:
Parabarilius laoensis Pellegrin & Fang, 1940: 118, by
monotypy). Gender masculine.
Daniops Smith, 1945: 91 (type species: Daniops myersi
Smith, 1945: 91, by original designation). Gender mas-
culine.
Taxonomic notes. See under Inlecypris for discussion of
generic placement of 'D'. maetaengensis and 'D'. shanen-
sis. Phylogeny and systematics are discussed in Fang (2003)
and Fang et al. (2009). Their trees also show that Devario
include a lineage with bold wide stripes and that the other
species (D. chrysotaeniatus, D. apogon) are of uncertain
relationships within the genus. Unfortunately the analysis
included too few species of this clade to allow a definitive
conclusion to be reached.
A number of species of Devario have a colour pattern
made of a midlateral stripe on the posterior half of the body
and a few bars anteriorly, with golden patches between them.
This group includes D. laoensis, D. apogon, D. apopyris,
D. chysotaeniatus, D. interruptus, D. leptos, and D. salmo-
natus. Should they be recognised as a distinct genus, the
name Parabarilius is available for it.
Devario acrostomus (Fang & Kottelat, 1999)
Danio acrostomus Fang & Kottelat, 1999: 287, fig. 4 (type
locality: Laos: Vientiane Province: Mekong basin, Nam
Leuk, about 500 m upstream of Tad Leuk waterfall;
18°23'51"N 103°04'18"E; holotype: NRM 41281)
Devario acuticephalus (Hora, 1921)
Danio acuticephala Hora, 1921a: 193, fig. 4 (type locality:
India: Manipur: sluggish streams of Manipur valley and
southern watershed of Naga Hills [exact locality of ho-
lotype not stated; Yaribuk, according to Menon &
Yazdani, 1968: 107; Ukang sang Road, 1 mile from Yari-
buk, according to Barman, 1991: 21, but catalogue num-
ber listed for holotype (ZSI F 9986/1) is not same as
stated by Hora]; holotype: ZSI F 9981/1)
Taxonomic notes. Briefly discussed by Fang (2000: 25).
Devario aequipinnatus (M'Clelland, 1839)
Perilampus aequipinnatus M'Clelland, 1839: 393, pl. 60
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Assam; syntypes: ? NMW
78785, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Leuciscus lineolatus Blyth, 1858b: 289 (type locality: India:
Darjiling [West Bengal: Darjeeling]; holotype: ZSI ?)
? Danio yuensis Arunkumar & Tombi Singh, 1998a: 3, fig.
1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Moreh Bazar, near area
of Myanmar border; holotype: MUMF 3000/1A)
Devario affinis (Blyth, 1860)
Perilampus affinis Blyth, 1860b: 163 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Tenasserim; types: ? ZSI)
Devario annandalei (Chaudhuri, 1908)
Danio annandalei Chaudhuri, 1908a: 125 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Tenasserim: Kawkareik, at base of Dawna Hills, in
the interior of Amherst district; syntypes
: ZSI F 1599/1
[2], Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 107, Barman, 1985c: 223,
fig. 1)
Devario apogon (Chu, 1981)
Danio apogon Chu, 1981b: 150, fig. 1 (type locality: Chi-
na: Yunnan: Jiucheng, Dayingjiang [Irrawaddy] drain-
age; holotype: KIZ 764394, Fang, 2000: 22, fig. 9)
Devario apopyris (Fang & Kottelat, 1999)
Danio apopyris Fang & Kottelat, 1999: 282, fig. 1 (type
locality: Laos: Louang Namtha Province: Mekong ba-
sin, Nam Youan watershed: stream near Ban Nakbon,
4 km east-southeast of Muang Sing; 21°10'47"N
101°10'50"E; holotype: NRM 41278)
Devario browni (Regan, 1907)
Danio browni Regan, 1907c: 395 (type locality: Burma:
Northern Shan States; syntypes: BMNH 1907.10.22.1–
4 [4], ZSI F 1872/1 [5], Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 107)
Devario chrysotaeniatus (Chu, 1981)
Danio chrysotaeniatus Chu, 1981b: 151, fig. 2 (type local-
ity: China: Yunnan: Mengla County: Manzhuo; holotype:
KIZ 736151)
Devario fangfangae (Kottelat, 2000)
Danio fangfangae Kottelat, 2000a: 40, fig. 3 (type locality:
Laos: Bolikhamxai Province: Nam Phao at waterfall
immediately downstream of border post on road from
Lak Sao to Vinh (Vietnam); 18°23'00"N 105°09'20"E;
holotype: NRM 44880)
Devario gibber (Kottelat, 2000)
Danio gibber Kottelat, 2000a: 40, fig. 4 (type locality: Laos:
Champasak Province: Xe Katam at bridge on road from
Attapu to Pakse, about 1 km upriver of Nam Tok Xe
Katam-Tok waterfall; 15°07'17"N 106°37'28"E; holo-
type: NRM 44883)
Devario interruptus (Day, 1870)
Barilius interrupta Day, 1870b: 559 (type locality: China:
Yunnan: Irrawaddy basin: Hotha [Husa]; lectotype: AMS
B.7745, designated by Fang, 2000: 18, fig. 1)
Devario kakhienensis (Anderson, 1879)
Danio kakhienensis Anderson, 1879: 868, pl. 79 fig. 2 (type
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
99
locality: Burma: Nampoung River [stream making the
Burma–China border; close to confluence with Tapeng
River; Anderson, 1876: 84, 420, map; about 24°26'50"N
97°31'50"E; Irrawaddy drainage], Kakhyen hills; lecto-
type: BMNH 1875.8.4.3, designated by Fang, 1997a: 291)
Devario kysonensis (Nguyen, Nguyen & Mua, 2010)
Danio kysonensis Nguyen [V. H.], Nguyen & Mua, 2010:
62, fig. 1 (type locality: Vietnam: Nghe An Province:
Ky Son District: Nam Can commune: Nam Khien spring,
Song Lam drainage; holotype: NCNTTSI NA.09.01.001)
Devario laoensis (Pellegrin & Fang, 1940)
Parabarilius laoensis Pellegrin & Fang, 1940: 118, fig. 4
(type locality: Laos: Ban Nam Khueng, 30 km north-
west of Ban Houei Sai, about 6 km from Mekong; holo-
type: MNHN 1939-0217)
Daniops myersi Smith, 1945: 92, fig. 6 (type locality: Thai-
land: Huey Me Lao on Doi Hua Mot; holotype: USNM
107961)
? Danio muongthanhensis Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] &
Ngo, 2001: 53, fig. 14 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau
Province: Dien Bien, Muong Thanh [Dien Bien Prov-
ince: Dien Bien Phu city: Muongthanh, 21°23'09"N
103°01'15"E; Mekong drainage]; holotype: NCNTTSI
H.01.09.01.01)
Devario leptos (Fang & Kottelat, 1999)
Danio leptos Fang & Kottelat, 1999: 284, fig. 3 (type local-
ity: Laos: Louang Namtha Province: Mekong basin, Nam
Tha watershed: Nam Luang about 1 km upstream of Ban
Namluang; 21°09'05"N 101°20'34"E; holotype: NRM
41279)
Devario naganensis (Chaudhuri, 1912)
Danio naganensis Chaudhuri, 1912: 441, pl. 40 fig. 1 (type
locality: India: Manipur: Lungting River, Naga Hills;
syntypes: ZSI F 5297–5302/1 [6], Menon & Yazdani,
1968: 108)
Danio manipurensis Barman, 1987: 172, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: India: Manipur; holotype: ZSI FF 1999)
Devario quangbinhensis (Nguyen, Le & Nguyen, 1999)
Chela quangbinhensis Nguyen [T. T.], Le & Nguyen, 1999:
16, fig. (back cover) (type locality: Vietnam: Quang Binh
Province: upper Chay River in Phong Nha–Kebang re-
gion, 17°20'N 106°09'E; holotype: VUP PN 9667)
? Danio trangi Ngo, 2003: 16, fig. 1 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Quang Binh Province: Bo Trach District: Phong
Nha, Tro Muong area, 17°34'N 106°15'E; holotype:
NCNTTSI)
Taxonomic notes. In the original description of D. trangi,
figure 1 is distorted and the fish is more slender than de-
scribed in text.
Devario regina (Fowler, 1934)
Danio regina Fowler, 1934b: 342, fig. 6 (type locality: Thai-
land: Nakon Sritamarat; holotype: ANSP 60187, Böhlke,
1984: 88)
Danio suvatti Fowler, 1939b: 67, fig. 16 (type locality: Thai-
land: waterfall at Trang; holotype: ANSP 68501, Böhlke,
1984: 92)
Danio peninsulae Smith, 1945: 98, fig. 7 (type locality:
Thailand: Nakhon Sritamarat: base of Kao Luang; holo-
type: USNM 107962)
Devario salmonatus (Kottelat, 2000)
Danio salmonata Kottelat, 2000a: 41, fig. 5 (type locality:
Laos: Champasak Province: Huay Makchan-Gnai (Xe
Nam Noy drainage), south of Ban Taot, at turnoff to Xe
Nam Noy Project, on road from Pakse to Attapu;
15°04'14"N 106°32'33"E; holotype: NRM 44885)
Devario sondhii (Hora & Mukerji, 1934)
Danio sondhii Hora & Mukerji, 1934a: 128, fig. 1 (type
locality: Burma: Southern Shan States: spring at mile
15¾ east of Taunggyi and 3½ miles east of Hopong;
holotype [implied from use of "type specimen" in cap-
tion of fig. 1]: ZSI F 11513/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968:
108)
Devario spinosus (Day, 1870)
Danio spinosus Day, 1870c: 621 (type locality: Burma: Pegu;
potential syntypes [4]: among ZSI 2494 [1], 2495 [1],
A.851 [lost], 852 [1], BMNH 1889.2.1.1850–1851 [2],
AMS B.7503 [1], NMW 53109 [1], RMNH 2687, White-
head & Talwar, 1976: 156, Barman, 1991: 64, Ferraris
et al., 2000: 302)
Devario strigillifer (Myers, 1924)
Danio strigillifer Myers, 1924: 1 (type locality: Burma: small
stream entering Irrawaddy near Myaing; syntypes:
AMNH 8351 [2])
Devario xyrops Fang & Kullander, 2009
Devario xyrops Fang & Kullander, 2009: 35, figs. 1 (type
locality: Myanmar: Rakhine State: Thandwe: Thade Riv-
er drainage: Taunggok, Yan Khaw Chaung, about 4 km
on logging road from Gwetauk village, 23 km on road
Taunggok–Pyay; holotype: NRM 45658)
Diplocheilichthys Bleeker, 1859
Diplocheilichthys Bleeker, 1859l: 144 (type species: Lobo-
cheilos pleurotaenia Bleeker, 1855h: 267, by monoty-
py; also in Bleeker, 1860c: 423, without included spe-
cies). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. The identity of Diplocheilichthys and the
included species is discussed by Tan & Kottelat (2009: 36)
and Kottelat & Widjanarti (2005: 150).
Diplocheilichthys jentinkii (Popta, 1904)
Osteochilus Jentinkii Popta, 1904: 194 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas basin: Bon-
gan River; syntypes: RMNH 7574 [2]; also in Popta,
1906: 91, pl. 5 fig. 19)
Diplocheilichthys pleurotaenia (Bleeker, 1855)
Lobocheilos pleurotaenia Bleeker, 1855h: 267 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Sumatra: Lahat; syntypes [2, 145–216 mm
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
100
TL]: BMNH 1866.5.2.105 [1], RMNH 6998 [1], Karna-
suta, 1993: 38)
Lobocheilos rohitoïdes Bleeker, 1857i: 363 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [68 mm TL]:
BMNH 1866.6.2.163, Karnasuta, 1993: 38)
Discherodontus Rainboth, 1989
Discherodontus Rainboth, 1989: 4 (type species: Barbus
ashmeadi Fowler, 1937: 193, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Discherodontus ashmeadi (Fowler, 1937)
Barbus ashmeadi Fowler, 1937: 193, figs. 151–152 (type
locality: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP 68137,
Böhlke, 1984: 69)
Discherodontus colemani (Fowler, 1937)
Barbus colemani Fowler, 1937: 197, figs. 159–160 (type
locality: Thailand: Me Poon [Mae Phun, a stream enter-
ing Mae Nam Yom at 17°40'N 99°42'E; de Schauensee,
1946: 5; see Kottelat, 1990e: 207]; holotype: ANSP
68152, Böhlke, 1984: 73)
Discherodontus halei (Duncker, 1904)
Barbus Halei Duncker, 1904: 178, pl. 2 fig. 15 (type local-
ity: Malaysia: Pahang River near Kuala Tembeling, 301
river-km from mouth; holotype: BMNH 1905.5.6.7 [for-
merly Selangor Museum 678], Alfred, 1963e: 166)
Discherodontus parvus (Wu & Lin, in Wu, 1977)
Barbodes parva Wu & Lin, in Wu, 1977: 243, pl. 7-4 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Jinghung; syntypes: IHB
584101, 110, 114, 115, 135, 159, 164, 165, 185, 193,
195, 196, 198, 209, 246 [15])
Discherodontus schroederi (Smith, 1945)
Acrossocheilus schroederi Smith, 1945: 203, figs. 19 [not
Cyclocheilichthys coolidgei Smith, 1945: 144], 35 (type
locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Mekang on Doi
Angka [Doi Inthanon]; holotype: MCZ 35528, Rainboth,
1989: 21)
Discherodontus somphongsi (Benl & Klausewitz, 1962)
Puntius somphongsi Benl & Klausewitz, 1962: 21, pl. 2
figs. 1–4 (type locality: Thailand: Meklong River [Mae
Khlong] and its floodplain; holotype: SMF 5471)
Discogobio Lin, 1931
Discogobio Lin, 1931: 72 (type species: Discogobio tetrabarba-
tus Lin, 1931: 72, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Discogobio antethoracalis Zheng & Zhou, 2008
Discogobio antethoracalis Zheng & Zhou, 2008: 257, fig.
2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Xichou County: Pan-
longhe [a tributary of Red River] in Gaji (23°09'13"N
104°27'23"E); holotype: SWFC 0111034)
Taxonomic notes. Material identified as Discogobio bra-
chyphysallidos by Zhou et al. (2005: 448) is D. antethora-
calis and D. propeanalis (Zheng & Zhou, 2007).
[Discogobio brachyphysallidos Huang, 1989: 358, fig. 4 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: Luoping County: Yiliang; syntypes: KIZ [23])].
Discogobio microstoma (Mai, 1978)
Garra microstoma Mai, 1978: 60, fig. 25 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Bac Can Province: Na Ri stream, tributary of Song
Bang; syntypes: DVZUT)
Distribution notes. Presence in area based on record by
Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo (2001: 551) from Ha Giang, Song Lo, a
tributary of Red River. This record needs confirmation.
Nomenclatural notes. Microstoma can be a noun or an ad-
jective. As used in the original description by Mai, it cannot
be decided if he regarded it as a noun or an adjective, and
therefore it is a noun (Code art. 31.2.2).
Discogobio poneventralis Zheng & Zhou, 2008
Discogobio poneventralis Zheng & Zhou, 2008: 262, fig. 5
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Xichou County: Panlong-
he [a tributary of Red River] in Gaji (23°09'13"N
104°27'23"E); holotype: SWFC 0111035)
Discogobio propeanalis Zheng & Zhou, 2008
Discogobio propeanalis Zheng & Zhou, 2008: 260, fig. 4
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Wenshan County: Shun-
dianhe [a tributary of Panlonghe, itself a tributary of Red
River] in Xigu (23°22.915'N 104°06.171'E); holotype:
SWFC 0201001)
Taxonomic notes. See comment under D. antethoracalis.
Discogobio yunnanensis (Regan, 1907)
Discognathus yunnanensis Regan, 1907a: 63 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: lake at Yunnan-fu [Dianchi Lake in Kun-
ming]; holotype: BMNH 1914.1.28.23–25 [1 of 3], Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Eirmotus Schultz, 1959
Eirmotus Schultz, 1959: 10 (type species: Eirmotus octozo-
na Schultz, 1959: 11, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Eirmotus furvus Tan & Kottelat, 2008
Eirmotus furvus Tan & Kottelat, 2008: 428, fig. 5 (type lo-
calit
y: Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi: B
erbak Nature Re
serve,
Sungai Air Hitam Dalam; 1°17'54.8"S
104°08'30.4"E;
holotype: MZB 10971)
Eirmotus insignis Tan & Kottelat, 2008
Eirmotus insignis Tan & Kottelat, 2008: 430, fig. 6 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: several
small forest streams flowing into Kapuas mainstream
within 10 km upstream from Sanggau; 0°06–0°07"N
110°35–110°38'E; holotype: MZB 3121)
Eirmotus isthmus Tan & Kottelat, 2008
Eirmotus isthmus Tan & Kottelat, 2008: 426, fig. 4 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi: Danau Arang Arang,
Muara Kompeh area, brown water lake; 1°37'32.0"S
103°47'19.0"E; holotype: MZB 10720)
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101
Eirmotus octozona Schultz, 1959
Eirmotus octozona Schultz, 1959: 11, 2 figs. (type locality:
Thailand: Bung Borapet [apparently erroneous; Kotte-
lat, 1982: 431]; holotype: USNM 177521, Tan & Kotte-
lat, 2008: 425, fig. 2)
Elopichthys Bleeker, 1860
Elopichthys Bleeker, 1860c: 436 (type species: Leuciscus
bambusa Richardson, 1845b: 141, by subsequent desig-
nation by Bleeker, 1863e: 212, 1863m: 32; no species
originally included, first inclusion in Bleeker, 1860j: 286,
428). Gender masculine.
Gymnognathus Sauvage, 1884a: 214 (type species: Gym-
nognathus harmandi Sauvage, 1884a: 214, by monoty-
py; junior homonym of Gymnognathus Schönherr, 1826:
38 [nomen nudum in Schönherr, 1823: 1135, no descrip-
tion, no available species name included] in Coleoptera
and Gymnognathus Solier, 1851: 136 in Coleoptera).
Gender masculine.
Scombrocypris Günther, 1889a: 226 (type species: Scom-
brocypris styani Günther, 1889a: 226, by monotypy).
Gender feminine.
Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson, 1845)
Leuciscus bambusa Richardson, 1845b: 141, pl. 63 fig. 2
(type locality: China: Canton; holotype: BMNH
1962.2.8.1, Whitehead, 1970a: 210)
Nasus Dauricus Basilewsky, 1855: 234, pl. 7 fig. 1 (type
locality: "in winter, brought to Beijing frozen from Mon-
golia and Mandchuria"; types: ? ZISP; spelt Nasus dahu-
ricus on Pl. 7, treated here as an inadvertent error, thus
incorrect original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1], and dauri-
cus is retained as correct original spelling)
Gymnognathus Harmandi Sauvage, 1884a: 214, pl. 8 fig. 2
(type locality: Vietnam: vicinity of Hanoï; holotype:
MNHN 1884-0077, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 68)
Scombrocypris Styani Günther, 1889a: 226 (type locality:
China: Upper Yangtze and tributary near Kiu-Kiang;
syntypes: BMNH 1889.6.8.85-86 [2], Eschmeyer,
2010)
Epalzeorhynchos Bleeker, 1855
Epalzeorhynchos Bleeker, 1855h: 270 (type species: Bar-
bus kalopterus Bleeker, 1850i: 13, by monotypy; also
spelt Epalzeorhijnchos, first reviser [apparently Esch-
meyer, 1990: 139] retained Epalzeorhynchos as correct
original spelling). Gender neuter.
Epalzeorhynchos bicolor (Smith, 1931)
Labeo bicolor Smith, 1931a: 9, fig. 4 (type locality: Thai-
land: small tributary of Mae Nam Chao Phraya near Pa-
knampo; holotype: USNM 90291)
Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Fowler, 1937)
Labeo frenatus Fowler, 1934a: 129, figs. 91–92 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP 57513,
Böhlke, 1984: 76)
Labeo erythrura Fowler, 1937: 204, figs. 171–172 (type
locality: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP 68180,
Böhlke, 1984: 90)
Epalzeorhynchos kalopterum (Bleeker, 1850)
Barbus kalopterus Bleeker, 1850i: 13 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; holo-
type [82 mm TL]: RMNH 12784, Alfred, 1971: 99
['cotype' listed by Bertin & Estève, 1948: 53 has no type
status])
Epalzeorhynchus callopterus Günther, 1868a: 76 (unjusti-
fied emendation of Barbus kalopterus Bleeker, 1850i: 13)
Nomenclatural notes. Kalopterus is a compound adjective
and the gender of the name Epalzeorhynchos is neuter, thus
kalopterum is the correct spelling.
Epalzeorhynchos munense (Smith, 1934)
Labeo munensis Smith, 1934: 313, pl. 12 (type locality:
Thailand: Menam Mun at Tha Chang, East of Korat;
holotype: KUMF 162, Monkolprasit, 1969: 5)
Esomus Swainson, 1839
Esomus Swainson, 1839: 185, 285 (subgenus of Leuciscus
Cuvier, 1816a: 194; type species: Leuciscus vittatus
Swainson, 1839: 285, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Nuria Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 238
(type species: Nuria thermoicos Valenciennes, in Cuvier
& Valenciennes, 1842: 238, by subsequent designation
by Jordan, 1919a: 210). Gender feminine.
Pogonocharax Regan, 1907b: 261 (type species: Pogono-
charax rehi Regan, 1907b: 261, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Taxonomic notes. For discussion of Pogonocharax, see
Myers (1956: 13).
Esomus ahli Hora & Mukerji, 1928
Esomus ahli Hora & Mukerji, 1928: 47, fig. 3 (type locali-
ty: Burma: Rangoon; syntypes: ZSI F 10794/1 [11])
Nomenclatural notes. Hora & Mukerji described this spe-
cies on the basis of 6 series of specimens. They stated that
series ZSI F 10794/1 was the type series and included 11
syntypes; 6 lines earlier they had stated that a type speci-
men had the same number, without providing further data.
Menon & Yazdani (1968: 108) listed 22 syntypes in this
series but did not provide any explanation. As there is no
clear statement of the designation of a holotype, the 11 spec-
imens ZSI F 10794/1 indicated by Hora & Mukerji are syn-
types; the other specimens have no type status.
Esomus altus (Blyth, 1860)
Nuria alta Blyth, 1860b: 162 (type locality: Burma: Tenas-
serim; syntypes: ZSI ASB 832 [2], Day, 1870b: 558 [two
specimens examined, probaby syntypes], Menon &
Yazdani, 1968: 109)
Esomus caudiocellatus Ahl, 1924
Esomus caudiocellatus Ahl, 1924: 43 (type locality: un-
known; syntypes [5]: ZMB 20669 [5], Paepke, 1995: 90,
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
102
Esomus danrica (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus danrica Hamilton, 1822: 325, 390, pl. 16 fig. 88
(type locality: India: ponds and ditches of Bengal; types:
NT)
Cyprinus jogia Hamilton, 1822: 326, 391 (type locality: In-
dia: Kosi River; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished fig-
ure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 46 fig. 2; simul-
taneous subjective synonym of Cyprinus danrica Hamil-
ton, 1822: 325, first reviser [Bleeker, 1853o: 62, 130]
gave precedence to C. danrica)
Cyprinus sutiha Hamilton, 1822: 327, 391 (type locality:
India: ponds of Gorakhpur district; types: NT; Hamil-
ton's unpublished figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839:
pl. 46 fig. 3; simultaneous subjective synonym of Cy-
prinus danrica Hamilton, 1822: 325, first reviser [Blee-
ker, 1853o: 62, 130] gave precedence to C. danrica; si-
multaneous subjective synonym of Cyprinus jogia
Hamilton, 1822: 326, as first reviser, I give precedence
to C. jogia)
Perilampus recurvirostris M'Clelland, 1839: 290, 398, pl. 46
fig. 2 (type locality: India: Kosi River / Sunderbuns /
Bengal, from Calcutta to Purnea [Purnia]; syntypes: [ma-
terial examined by M'Clelland and basis of Cyprinus
sutiha Hamilton, 1822: 327])
Perilampus macropterus M'Clelland, 1839: 291, pl. 46 fig. 3
[not pl. 46 fig. 6, which is Cyprinus cachius, see p. 290]
(unnecessary replacement name for Cyprinus sutiha
Hamilton, 1822: 327)
Perilampus thermophilus M'Clelland, 1839: 291, 399, pl. 54
fig. 19 (type locality: India: hot springs at Pooree [Puri ?];
syntypes [2]: LU)
Perilampus macrourus M'Clelland, 1839: 398, erratum,
pl. 46 fig. 3 [not pl. 46 fig. 6, which is Cyprinus cachius,
see p. 290] (type locality: India: Bengal; types: material
examined by M'Clelland and basis of Cyprinus sutiha
Hamilton, 1822: 327; spelt macrouru p. 398, an inad-
vertent error corrected in erratum, Code art. 24.2.4)
Leuciscus vittatus Swainson, 1839: 285 (unnecessary repla-
cement name for Cyprinus danrica Hamilton, 1822: 325)
Esomus malabaricus Day, 1867a: 299 (type locality: India:
Trichoor in Malabar; syntypes: among ZSI 2450 [lost],
BMNH 1889.2.1.4359–4360 [2], 1975.9.30.11 [1],
? AMS B.7833, ZMB 11131, Whitehead & Talwar, 1976:
156, Ferraris et al., 2000: 299, Eschmeyer, 2010)
? Pogonocharax rehi Regan, 1907b: 261, fig. (type locali-
ty: Argentina [erroneous]; holotype: BMNH
1907.6.28.50)
Nuria danrica var. grahami Chaudhuri, 1912: 440, pl. 39 fig.
3 (type locality: India: Uttar Pradesh: Kalinadi,
Meerut;
holotype: ZSI F 7701/1, Hora & Mukerji, 1928: 51)
Esomus lineatus Ahl, 1924: 42 (type locality: India: Calcut-
ta / Sri Lanka; syntypes: ZMB 20665 [5], 20667 [1],
20669 [1], 20890 [1], 20892 [2], 22208 [4], Paepke,
1995: 90, Eschmeyer, 2010 and sources for Nuria dan-
rica var. malabarica of Duncker, 1912b: 266 [ZMH
11608 and 5 literature sources; these are probably Eso-
mus thermoicos (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 238)])
Cyprinus barbiger Hora, 1933: 134 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Esomus danricus jabalpurensis Visweswara Rao & Shar-
ma, 1973: 434, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Madhya
Pradesh: Pariat River near Jabalpur, a tributary of Nar-
bada River; holotype: ZSI/CRS V.2060)
Esomus manipurensis Tilak & Jain, 1990: 408, figs. 1–2 (type
locality: India: Manipur: stream near Imphal; holotype:
ZSI/NRS F 434)
Taxonomic notes. Identification of Pogonocharax rehi
based on my examination of the holotype in 1986; this re-
quires confirmation.
Esomus longimanus (Lunel, 1881)
Nuria longimana Lunel, 1881: 296, pl. fig. 2 (type locality:
Cambodia; types: MCZL or MHNG, lost [pers. obs.];
invalid neotype designation by Fricke, 1999a: 82 [un-
necessary, Code 75.1; unsupported comment on type
locality, which is explicitly stated by Lunel as Cambo-
dia, not Mauritius])
Esomus goddardi Fowler, 1937: 170, fig. 106 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Me Poon [Mae Phun, a stream entering Mae
Nam Yom at 17°40'N 99°42'E; de Schauensee, 1946: 5;
see Kottelat, 1990e: 207]; holotype: ANSP 68047,
Böhlke, 1984: 77)
Esomus malayensis (Matte & Reichelt, 1908)
Nuria danrica var. malayensis Matte & Reichelt, 1908: 19
(type locality: Hinterindien [Indochina; also mentioned
as "this Malayan subspecies"]; syntypes: ? NT; also in
Matte & Kuhnt, 1908: 10, fig. and Mandée, 1909: 11, fig.)
Esomus malayensis Ahl, 1924: 43 (type locality: "Malay
peninsula or Archipelago ?"; syntype
s [11]: ZMB 20668
[1], Paepke, 1995: 90; junior secondary homonym of
Nuria
danrica var. malayensis Matte & Reichelt, 1908: 19)
Esomus metallicus Ahl, 1924
Esomus metallicus Ahl, 1924: 42 (type locality: Thailand:
Phet Buri [Petchaburi]; syntypes: ZMB 7686 [1], 21913
[6], Paepke, 1995: 90, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Fangfangia Britz, Kottelat & Tan, 2012
Fangfangia Britz, Kottelat & Tan, 2012: 330 (type species:
Fangfangia spinicleithralis Britz, Kottelat & Tan, 2012:
330, by original designation). Gender feminine.
Fangfangia spinicleithralis Britz, Kottelat & Tan, 2012
Fangfangia spinicleithralis Britz, Kottelat & Tan, 2012: 330,
fig. 1 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Ten-
gah: Sebangau drainage: Sebangau River, blackwater
drainage canal, north side upstream from village,
2°07'44"N 113°52'17"E; holotype: MZB 17186)
Folifer Wu, in Wu, 1977
Folifer Wu, in Wu, 1977: 327 (subgenus of Tor Gray, 1834:
pl. 96; type species: Barbus brevifilis Peters, 1881b:
1033, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Folifer brevifilis (Peters, 1881)
Barbus brevifilis Peters, 1881b: 1033, pl. 1 fig. 4 (type lo-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
103
cality: China: sent from Hong Kong; syntypes [2]: ZMB
11326 [1], 22290 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barbus bonvaloti Vaillant, 1893c: 202 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Black River; holotype: MNHN 1892-0262, Kotte-
lat, 2001a: 23)
Barbus szechwanensis Tchang, 1931b: 230, fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: China: Sichuan; syntypes: ZMFMIB [3])
Barbus longirostrum Kimura, 1934: 114, pl. 4 fig. 2 (type
locality: China: Sichuan: Chungking; syntypes: BDSSI
[2]; spelt longiristrum p. 116, an inadvertent error, thus
incorrect original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1])
? Folifer hainanensis Wu, in Wu, 1977
Tor brevifilis hainanensis Wu, in Wu, 1977: 329, pl. 7-63
(type
locality: China: Hainan: Wuzhi Shan and Letung; synty-
pes: IHB 60.2.326 [1], 60.2.330 [1], 60.2.160–164 [5])
Garra Hamilton, 1822
Garra Hamilton, 1822: 343, 393 (subgenus of Cyprinus
Linnaeus, 1758: 320; type species: Cyprinus lamta Hamil-
ton,
1822: 343, by subsequent designation by Bleeker,
1863e: 192, 1863m: 24, 1863l: 262). Gender feminine.
Platycara McClelland, 1838: 944, 947 (type species: Platy-
cara nasuta McClelland, 1838: 947, by monotypy). Gen-
der neuter.
Discognathus Heckel, 1843: 1027 (type species: Discog-
nathus variabilis Heckel, 1843: 1069, by subsequent
designation by Bleeker, 1863e: 192, 1863m: 24, 1863l:
262). Gender masculine.
Lissorhynchus Bleeker, 1860c: 422 (type species: Platycara
lissorhynchus M'Clelland & Griffith, in M'Clelland,
1842a: 587, by subsequent monotypy in Bleeker, 1860j:
85). Gender masculine.
Discognathichthys Bleeker, 1860c: 423 (type species: Dis-
cognathus variabilis Heckel, 1843: 1069, by subsequent
designation by Bleeker, 1860j: 128; junior objective syn-
onym of Discognathus Heckel, 1843: 1027). Gender
masculine.
Mayoa Day, 1870b: 553 (type species: Mayoa modesta Day,
1870b: 553, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Ageneiogarra Garman, 1912: 114 (subgenus of Garra
Hamilton, 1822: 343; type species: Garra imberba Gar-
man, 1912: 114, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Discolabeo Fowler, 1937: 210 (type species: Discolabeo
fisheri Fowler, 1937: 211, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Horalabiosa Silas, 1954: 28 (type species: Horalabiosa
joshuai Silas, 1954: 30, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Garra abhoyai Hora, 1921
Garra abhoyai Hora, 1921a: 167 (nomen nudum; locality:
India: Manipur: southern watershed of Naga Hills)
Garra abhoyai Hora, 1921b: 664, pl. 26 fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: India: Assam [Manipur]: Ukhral [Ukhrul], Naga Hills;
holotype: ZSI F 5307/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 111)
Taxonomic notes. Specimens from the Chindwin drainage
earlier identified as Garra rupicola (M'Clelland, 1839) are
G. abhoyai (see Vishwanath & Linthoingambi, 2008: 101).
Nomenclatural notes. Words ending in -cola and meaning
'inhabitant of' are nouns and should not agree in gender.
But, when first proposed, rupicolus was treated as an ad-
jective and therefore it has to agree in gender with the genus
name.
[Gonorhynchus rupicolus M'Clelland, 1839: 281, 373, erratum, pl. 43 figs.
4–5 (type locality: India: Assam: Mishmee Mountains: Laeeh River a
few miles beyond Bramacund, 27°45'N 96°20'E; holotype: ? SMF 894
[1], Eschmeyer, 2010; spelt rupiculus p. 281, rupeculus p. 373 and
314, rupicolus in Index p. 469 and erratum; correct original spelling
is rupicolus, Code art. 32.5.1.1; spelling "rupeculis" retained by Esch-
meyer [1998: 1488] is not correct because: a) no first reviser action
needed, by virtue of Code art. 32.5.1.1, b) spelling "rupeculis" not
used in original description; rupicolus is formed as an adjective and
has to agree in gender with Garra)].
Garra apogon (Norman, 1925)
Discognathus apogon Norman, 1925b: 570 (type locality:
Vietnam: [Lao Cai Province:] "Ngoi-Tio, Col des Nua-
ges, Tonkin"; syntypes: BMNH 1925.2.19.1–4 [4], Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Garra bispinosa Zhang, 2005
? Garra lamta forma bicornuta Koller, 1927: 33, fig. 3 (not
available, not intended as a species name but as a mor-
phological form, therefore not a junior primary homonym
of Garra bicornuta Narayan Rao, 1920: 57; based on
material from "Vorderasien" [Southwest Asia])
Garra bispinosa Zhang, 2005b: 10, fig. 1 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: Daying Jiang, a tributary of Yiluowadi
Jiang (Irrawaddy) in Yingjiang; holotype: IHB
78IV1537)
Garra borneensis (Vaillant, 1902)
Discognathus borneensis Vaillant, 1902: 91, figs. 25–26
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur:
Bloeoe River [Bluu, 0°42'N 114°24'E]; holotype: RMNH
7698, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Garra bourreti (Pellegrin, 1928)
Discognathus Bourreti Pellegrin, 1928: 340 (type locality:
Vietnam: Tonkin: Rivière Claire [Song Lo], 50 km up-
stream of Tuyen-Quang; holotype: MNHN 1928-0209,
Bertin & Estève, 1948: 55)
Garra cambodgiensis (Tirant, 1884)
Cirrhina Cambodgiensis Tirant, 1884: 170, fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: Cambodia: tributaries of Prek-Tenot in the hills
of Samrong Tong, 75 km from Phnom Penh; holotype:
MGHNL 42000002 [formerly 3465], Kottelat, 1987c:
10, fig. 3a)
Garra taeniata Smith, 1931a: 19, pl. 1 (type locality: Thai-
land: Nakhon Sritamarat Province: Tadi stream in Ban
Kiriwong; holotype: USNM 90300)
Garra spinosa Fowler, 1934a: 138, figs. 104–106 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Metang River
[Nam Mae Taeng], 35 miles north of Chiang Mai; holo-
type: ANSP 57306, Böhlke, 1984: 91)
Garra taeniatops Fowler, 1935a: 129, figs. 75–77 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Khao Nam Poo; holotype: ANSP 61692,
Böhlke, 1984: 92)
Garra parvifilum Fowler, 1939b: 73, figs. 21–22 (type lo-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
104
cality: Thailand: waterfall at Trang; holotype: ANSP
68507, Böhlke, 1984: 86)
? Discogobio dienbieni Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 564, fig. 291 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau
Province: Nam Rom River in Dien Bien Phu city
[Mekong drainage]; holotype: NCNTTSI H.01.97.03.01)
Garra compressa Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998
Garra compressus Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998: 45, figs.
1–2 (type locality: India: Manipur: Wanze stream at
Khamson, 25°12'N 94°32'E [Irrawaddy drainage]; ho-
lotype: MUMF 2316)
? Garra cyclostomata Mai, 1978
Gara [sic] cyclostomata Mai, 1978: 56, fig. 23 (type local-
ity: northern Vietnam: fast flowing streams; syntypes:
DVZUT)
Garra cyrano Kottelat, 2000
Garra cyrano Kottelat, 2000a: 41, fig. 6 (type locality: Laos:
Vientiane Province: Nam Leuk about 500 m downstream
of Thad Leuk waterfall; 18°23'34"N 103°04'17"E; ho-
lotype: ZRC 45303)
? Garra elongata Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000
Garra elongata Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000b: 408, pl. 1
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin basin,
hill stream near Tolloi, 25°12'N 94°20'E; holotype:
MUMF 2311)
Garra fasciacauda Fowler, 1937
Garra fasciacauda Fowler, 1937: 212, figs. 187–188 (type
locality: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP 68222,
Böhlke, 1984: 76)
? Garra bisangularis Chen, Wu & Xiao, 2010: 382, fig. 1
[distorted photograph] (type locality: China: Yunnan:
Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Luosuo River, a tribu-
tary of Upper Mekong [text of English abstract; Chinese
text: "Xishuangbanna, market in Menglun" [21°56'N
101°15'E]]; holotype: YU 20080728001)
Garra flavatra Kullander & Fang, 2004
Garra flavatra Kullander & Fang, 2004: 270, fig. 10 (type
locality: Myanmar: Rakhine State: Thandwe, Kananmae
Chaung, near Leldee village, by foot 45 min from
Gwechaung village at km 18 on road Thandwe-Taung-
gok, 8°35'39"N 94°22'45"E; holotype: NRM 49511)
Garra findolabium Li, Zhou & Fu, 2008
Garra findolabium Li, Zhou & Fu, 2008: 63, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Jiangcheng County: Niuluohe
stream (22°26.62'N 101°52.21'E) a tributary to Lixian-
Jiang (Red River basin); holotype: SWFC 0412045)
Taxonomic notes. The structure of the mouth suggests that
this species does not belong to Garra.
Nomenclatural notes. The authors of G. findolabium state
that the name is used as an adjective (in which case, as Gar-
ra is feminine, the proper spelling should be findolabia). In
fact, as the etymology is given as "from the Latin findo (split)
and labium (lip)" it is a compound noun, thus a noun in
apposition, and the original spelling is to be retained (Code
art. 31.2.1).
Garra fuliginosa Fowler, 1934
Garra fuliginosa Fowler, 1934a: 139, figs. 108–111 (type
locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Metang River
[Nam Mae Taeng], 35 miles north of Chiang Mai; holo-
type: ANSP 58006, Böhlke, 1984: 77)
Discolabeo fisheri Fowler, 1937: 211, figs. 177–178 (type
locality: Thailand: Tachin [Tha Chin, Samut Sakhon;
13°32'22"N 100°15'20"E]; holotype: ANSP 68219,
Böhlke, 1984: 76, Zhang, 2005b: 11, fig. 2b)
Garra gotyla (Gray, 1830)
Cyprinus Gotyla Gray, 1830: vol. 1, pl. 88 fig. 3 (type local-
ity: India; holotype: BMNH ?)
Gonorhynchus stenorhynchus Jerdon, 1849: 310 (type lo-
cality: India: Bhowany River, at foot of Neilgherry Hills;
types: NT)
Discognathus kangrae Prashad, 1919: 163, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: India: Punjab: Kangra District: Jaugal-khad; ho-
lotype: ZSI F 9699/1)
Garra monti-salsi Hora, 1921b: 651 (type locality: India:
Punjab: Nilwan ravine near Shapur salt range; holotype:
ZSI F 9953/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 109; holotype
figured in Day, 1878: pl. 143 fig. 1)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy adapted from Menon (1964:
233). Judging from the range of the species, it should be
critically re-evaluated.
The identity of Gonorhynchus bimaculatus M'Clelland,
1839 is ambiguous. It has sometimes been listed as a junior
synonym of Cyprinus gotyla Gray, 1830 or C. lamta Hamil-
ton, 1822. M'Clelland (1839: 281, 282) listed G. bimacula-
tus and C. lamta as two distinct species, indicating that his
pl. 43 fig. 2² is C. lamta (and implying that this figure is an
unpublished figure of Hamilton). On p. 374, he described
G. bimaculatus based on specimens, referred to pl. 43 fig. 2²,
and commented that it is the same as Hamilton's C. lamta.
There is only a pl. 43 fig. 2, but no pl. 43 fig. 2² in M'Clelland
(1839). Hora (1929: 100) listed pl. 43 fig. 2 as the unpub-
lished figure of Hamilton's C. lamta. This means that C. lam-
ta is part of the type series of G. bimaculatus, that this type
series is made of two species and that a lectotype should be
designated to fix the identity of the species. I designate here
the model of pl. 43 fig. 2 as lectotype of C. lamta Hamilton
and as lectotype of G. bimaculatus M'Clelland, thus making
the two names objective synonyms.
[Cyprinus Lamta Hamilton, 1822: 343, 393 (type locality: India: Behar /
Rapti River in Gorakhpur district; lectotype by present designation:
model of Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in M'Clelland,
1839: pl. 43 fig. 2 [Hora, 1929a: 100])].
[Gonorhynchus bimaculatus M'Clelland, 1839: 281, 374, pl. 43 fig. 2 (type
locality: India: Behar / Rapti River in Gorakhpur district [original type
locality: India: Assam: Laeeh River at foot of Mishmee mountains /
Behar / Rapti River in Gorakhpur district / Nipal mountains [Nepal
?]; lectotype by present designation: model of Hamilton's unpublished
figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 43 fig. 2 [Hora, 1929a:
100]; junior objective synonym of Cyprinus Lamta Hamilton, 1822:
343, 393)].
Garra gracilis (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
Discognathus gracilis Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936a: 26 (type
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
105
locality: Vietnam: Hagiang, Son Pak Xun, tributary of
Rivière Claire [Song Lo]; holotype: MNHN 1935-0328,
Kottelat, 2001a: 25)
Garra obturostris Mai, 1978: 55, fig. 22 (type locality: north-
ern Vietnam: fast flowing streams; holotype: DVZUT)
Garra gravelyi (Annandale, 1919)
Discognathus gravelyi Annandale, 1919: 133, pl. 2 figs. 3–
3a (type locality: Burma: Southern Shan States: Yawng-
he State: stream at He-Ho; holotype: ZSI F 9694/1, Me-
non & Yazdani, 1968: 109)
Garra hainanensis Chen & Zheng, in Zheng & Chen,
1983
Garra pingi hainanensis Chen & Zheng, in Zheng & Chen,
1983: 74, fig. 2 (type locality: China: Hainan; syntypes
[total 20]: JNH 76V9079, 9080, 9083, 9087, 9092, IHB
76V9059–9061, 9065–9067, 9069, 9071–9076, 9090,
9242)
Garra imberba Garman, 1912
Garra imberba Garman, 1912: 114 (type locality: China:
western Sichuan: Kiating [Loshan], Min River; holotype:
MCZ 29835; not a secondary junior homonym of Dis-
cognathus imberbus Vinciguerra, 1890: 277)
Discognathus Pingi Tchang, 1929: 241, fig. 3 (type locali-
ty: China: Sichuan: Katin; syntypes: MNHN 1934-0030
[1], SSCN, Kottelat, 1998a: 33, Fang, 1943: 401; also in
Tchang, 1930a: 77, pl. 1 fig. 4, 1931a: 77, pl. 1 fig. 4)
Garra alticorpora Chu & Cui, 1987: 96, fig. 3 (type locali-
ty: China: Yunnan: Pingbian County, 22°58'N 103°40'E
[Red River drainage]; holotype: KIZ 8540265)
Nomenclatural notes. Contrary to comments by Koller
(1926c: 130) and later authors, Garra imberba Garman,
1912, is not a junior homonym of Garra imberbis (Vin-
ciguerra, 1890). Imberba is feminine of the Latin adjective
imberbus (neuter imberbum) and imberbis the Latin adjec-
tive imberbis (feminine imberbis, neuter imberbe). The two
names differ by at least one letter and are available (Code
art. 57.6) (Kottelat, 1998a: 33).
Garra imberbis (Vinciguerra, 1890)
Discognathus imberbis Vinciguerra, 1890: 277, pl. 9 fig. 7
(type locality: Burma: "Carin country": Taò [Salween
drainage; map in Fea, 1896: pl. 3]; syntypes [11]:
MCSNG 17355 [3], BMNH 1893.2.16.29 [1], Tortonese,
1961: 186, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Garra kempi Hora, 1921
Garra kempi Hora, 1921b: 665, pl. 26 fig. 3 (type locality:
India: Assam: Abor Hills, Siyom River below Damda;
holotype: ZSI F 7716/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 110)
? Garra tirapensis Datta & Barman, 1984: 283, fig. 1 (type
locality: India: Arunachal Pradesh: Tirap District: Nam-
dapha Wildlife Sanctuary: Hornbill Camp, 30 km north-
east of Miao; holotype: ZSI FF 1700)
Garra lissorhynchus (M'Clelland & Griffith, in
M'Clelland, 1842)
Platycara lissorhynchus M'Clelland & Griffith, in
M'Clelland, 1842a: 587, pl. 18 fig. 2 (type locality: In-
dia: Assam: Kasyah mountains [Khasi Hills]; types: LU)
Lissorhynchus mcclellandi Bleeker, 1860j: 85 (unnecessary
replacement name for Platycara lissorhynchus
M'Clelland & Griffith, in M'Clelland, 1842a: 587)
Discognathus macrochir Günther, 1868a: 70 (type locality:
India: Assam; syntypes: BMNH uncat. [1], 1860.3.19.96
[1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Mayoa modesta Day, 1870b: 553 (type locality: "Northern
India"; syntypes [2]: among ZSI 1426 [1], A.710a [1,
lost], ? AMS uncat. [1, lost], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976:
156, Ferraris et al., 2000: 299)
Garra litanensis Vishwanath, 1993
Garra litanensis Vishwanath, 1993: 62, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: India: Manipur: Litan stream (a tributary of Imphal
River) at Litan; holotype: MUMF F 68/1)
Garra manipurensis Vishwanath & Sarojnalini, 1988
Garra manipurensis Vishwanath & Sarojnalini, 1988: 124,
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Manipur River at
Sherou, 24°18'N 93°54'E [in fact, probably from Brah-
maputra drainage; Nebeshwar et al., 2009: 201]; holo-
type: Manipur University F-130 [MUMF 67/1 in Vish-
wanath, 1993: 61])
Garra micropulvinus Zhou, Pan & Kottelat, 2005
Garra micropulvinus Zhou, Pan & Kottelat, 2005: 451, fig. 7
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Xichou County: Gaji
(23°09.216'N 104°27.383'E), from Panlonghe (a small
tributary of Yuanjiang [Red River]); holotype: SWFC
0111011)
Garra mirofrontis Chu & Cui, 1987
Garra mirofrontis Chu & Cui, 1987: 97, fig. 4 (type locali-
ty: China: Yunnan: Menglun, 21°58'N 101°20'E [Mekong
drainage]; holotype: KIZ 7890585)
Garra naganensis Hora, 1921
Garra naganensis Hora, 1921b: 667, pl. 25 fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: India: Manipur: Senapati stream, near Kairong,
Naga Hills; holotype: ZSI F 9970/1)
Garra nambulica Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005
Garra nambulica Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005: 1832, figs.
on web supplement (type locality: India: Manipur: Singda
village, Ireng Lok, a tributary of Nambul River, Chind-
win drainage; holotype: MUMF 8003)
Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012
Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012a: 1,
fig. 1 (not available; does not satisfy criteria of Code art.
8.6 for works not printed on paper)
Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012b: 10,
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Ukhrul district:
Chindwin drainage, Namya River, close to Indo-Myan-
mar border, 24°52'N 94°39'E; holotype: MUMF 12042)
Garra nasuta (M'Clelland, 1838)
Platycara nasuta McClelland, 1838: 947, pl. 55 figs. 2–2b
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
106
(type locality: India: Assam: Kasya mountains [Khasi
Hills]; types: LU)
Gonorhynchus caudatus M'Clelland, 1839: 375 (type local-
ity: India: Assam: Mishmee mountains; types: LU)
Garra arabica Hora, 1921b: 677, fig. 5 (type locality: Ye-
men: Lahej near Aden [erroneous, see Menon, 1964: 240,
Krupp 1983: 616]; holotype: ZSI F8123/1, Menon &
Yazdani, 1968: 109)
Taxonomic notes. Garra orientalis is often treated as a jun-
ior synonym but variability observed within the range of
G. "nasuta" indicates that several species are involved. Kot-
telat (2001a: 24) considered that, on the basis on the avail-
able data, G. orientalis is restricted to East Asia. Red River
populations belong to G. bourreti (Pellegrin, 1928: 340).
[Garra orientalis Nichols, 1925f: 4 (type locality: China: Fukien [Fujian]:
near Yenping [Yanping]; holotype: AMNH 8437)].
Garra nigricollis Kullander & Fang, 2004
Garra nigricollis Kullander & Fang, 2004: 273, fig. 12 (type
locality: Myanmar: Rakhine State: Taunggok, Taunggok
market, 18°51'00"N 94°13'59"E; holotype: NRM 49507)
Garra notata (Blyth, 1860)
Platycara notata Blyth, 1860b: 161 (type locality: Burma:
Tenasserim; syntypes: ZSI [3], Hora, 1921b: 670)
Garra nujiangensis Chen, Zhao & Yang, 2009
Garra nujiangensis Chen, Zhao & Yang, 2009: 439, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Zhenkang County: Feng-
wei town, Dachahe River, 23°57.824'N 98°54.337'E;
holotype: KIZ 200304184)
Garra paralissorhynchus Vishwanath & Shanta Devi,
2005
Garra paralissorhynchus Vishwanath & Shanta Devi, 2005:
86, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Churachandpur
District: Khuga River; holotype: MUMF 5054; com-
pound noun, indeclinable [not adjective because it did
not agree in gender in original description])
Garra poecilura Kullander & Fang, 2004
Garra poecilura Kullander & Fang, 2004: 271, fig. 11 (type
locality: Myanmar: Ayeyarwaddy Division: Irrawaddy
drainage, Naung Pin Thar Chaung, a small stream at log-
ging road about 1 km from Ngathaingchaung-Gwa road,
17°31'44"N 94°48'46"E; holotype: NRM 49506)
Garra poilanei Petit & Tchang, 1933
Garra Poilanei Petit & Tchang, 1933: 189 (type locality:
Vietnam: Annam: Thanh Hoa Province: Lung Vân, vil-
lage "one long day walk north of La Han", 1000 masl;
syntypes: MNHN 1942-0051 [2], Kottelat, 1998a: 34)
Garra propulvinus Kullander & Fang, 2004
Garra propulvinus Kullander & Fang, 2004: 259, fig. 1 (type
locality: Myanmar: Rakhine State: Thandwe, Kamyit
Chaung near Paukdu village, 18°15'57"N 94°30'03"E;
holotype: NRM 49509)
Garra qiaojiensis Wu & Yao, in Wu, 1977
Garra qiaojiensis Wu & Yao, in Wu, 1977: 381, pl. 7-96
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Qiaojie; holotype: IHB
60542)
Garra rakhinica Kullander & Fang, 2004
Garra rakhinica Kullander & Fang, 2004: 267, fig. 9 (type
locality: Myanmar: Rakhine State: Taunggok, Thade
River drainage: Yan Khaw Chaung, about 4 km on log-
ging road from Gwetauk village, 23 km on road Taung-
gok-Pyay, 18°47'48"N 94°21'46"E; holotype: NRM
49510)
Garra rhynchota Koller, 1926
Garra rhynchota Koller, 1926a: 121 (type locality: China:
Hainan: river on Mt. Wu-tschi; holotype: NMW?; also
in Koller, 1927: 32, fig. 2 [as Garra lamta forma rhyn-
chota])
Garra schismatorhyncha Nichols & Pope, 1927: 358, fig. 25
(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH
8373)
Garra rotundinasus Zhang, 2006
Garra rotundinasus Zhang, 2006: 448, fig. 1 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: Daying Jiang in Tengchong (Houqiao),
Yiluowadi (Irrawaddy) drainage; holotype: IHB
90IV1162)
Garra salweenica Hora & Mukerji, 1934
Garra salweenica Hora & Mukerji, 1934b: 365, figs. 4–5
(type locality: Burma: Kengtung State: Salween at
Takaw; holotype: ZSI F 11602/1)
Garra spilota Kullander & Fang, 2004
Garra spilota Kullander & Fang, 2004: 266, fig. 7 (type
locality: Myanmar: Ayeyarwaddy Division: Irrawaddy
drainage, Naung Pin Thar Chaung, a small stream at log-
ging road about 1 km from Ngathaingchaung-Gwa road,
17°31'44"N 94°48'46"E; holotype: NRM 49505)
Garra tengchongensis Zhang & Chen, 2000
Garra tengchongensis Zhang & Chen, 2000: 460, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Daying Jiang [Upper Irrawad-
dy drainage] in Tengchong County; holotype: IHB
92IV0242)
Garra theunensis Kottelat, 1998
Garra theunensis Kottelat, 1998a: 29, fig. 37 (type locality:
Laos: Upper Nam Theun at 18°04'09"N 105°29'44"E;
holotype: ZRC 41780)
Garra vittatula Kullander & Fang, 2004
Garra vittatula Kullander & Fang, 2004: 263, fig. 5 (type
locality: Myanmar: Rakhine State: Taunggok, Thade
River drainage, Yan Khaw Chaung, about 4 km on log-
ging road from Gwetauk village, 23 km on road Taung-
gok-Pyay, 18°47'48"N 94°21'46"E; holotype: NRM
49508)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
107
Gibelion Heckel, 1843
Gibelion Heckel, 1843: 1014 (type species: Cyprinus catla
Hamilton, 1822: 287, by subsequent designation by Jor-
dan, 1919a: 211). Gender neuter.
Catla Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844: 410
(type species: Catla buchanani Valenciennes, in Cuvier
& Valenciennes, 1844: 411, by monotypy). Gender fem-
inine.
Gibelion catla (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus catla Hamilton, 1822: 287, 387, pl. 13 fig. 81 (type
locality: India: Bengal and part of Bihar [but "in most
parts of Behar is unknown"]; types: NT)
Catla Buchanani Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1844: 411, pl. 515 (unnecessary replacement name for
Cyprinus catla Hamilton, 1822: 287; material listed as
syntypes by Bertin & Estève, 1948: 12 has no type sta-
tus)
Gobiobotia Kreyenberg, 1911
Gobiobotia Kreyenberg, 1911: 417 (type species: Gobio-
botia pappenheimi Kreyenberg, 1911: 417, by monoty-
py). Gender feminine.
Progobiobotia Chen & Tsao, in Wu, 1977: 551 (subgenus
of Gobiobotia Kreyenberg, 1911: 417; type species:
Gobiobotia abbreviata Fang & Wang, 1931: 291, by orig-
inal designation). Gender feminine.
Gobiobotia kolleri Banarescu & Nalbant, 1966
Gobiobotia kolleri Banarescu & Nalbant, 1966a: 9, fig. 6,
pl. 2 fig. 7 (type locality: China: Hainan: Kankong Riv-
er; holotype: NMW 5015)
Gobiobotia intermedia Banarescu & Nalbant, 1968: 336,
fig. 1 (type locality: Taiwan: Ping Tung Hsien: near Ping
Tung; holotype: USNM 200245)
Gobiobotia intermedia fukiensis Banarescu & Nalbant, 1968:
339, fig. 2 (type locality: China: Fukien [Fujian]: Minki-
ang drainage; holotype: ZMH 4044)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Chen (1998a: 405).
Gobiobotia yuanjiangensis Chen & Cao, in Wu, 1977
Gobiobotia longibarba yuanjiangensis Chen & Cao, in Wu,
1977: 561, pl. 10-8 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yuan-
jiang [Red River] & Hekou; syntypes: IHB 58-4-34 [1],
58-4-41 [1], 58-4-44 [1], 58-4-49 [1], 58-4-52 [1], 58-4-
62 [1], 58-4-65 [1], 64-4-572 [1], 64-4-573 [1], 64-4-
575 [1]; simultaneous subjective synonym of Gobiobot-
ia longibarba meridionalis Chen & Cao, in Wu, 1977:
559, first reviser [He & Chen, in Chen 1998a: 404] gave
precedence to G. l. meridionalis)
Taxonomic notes. Sometimes treated as subspecies of
G. meridionalis.
[Gobiobotia longibarba meridionalis Chen & Cao, in Wu, 1977: 559, pl.
10-7 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Guilin, Guixian and Rong'an /
Guangdong: Lianxian, Yangshan and Yingde; syntypes: IHB 58-7-
604 [1], 58-7-667 [1], 64-158 [1], 28-7-294 [1], 58-7-301 [1], 73-VI-
1047 [1], 73-VI-1048 [1], 66-085 [1], 66-086 [1], 66-159 [1], 66-161
[1], 66-163 [1], 66-765 [1], 66-854 [1], 66-915 [1], 72-north-55 [1])].
Gymnocypris Günther, 1868
Gymnocypris Günther, 1868a: 169 (type species: Gymno-
cypris dobula Günther, 1868a: 170, by monotypy). Gen-
der feminine.
Rugogymnocypris Yueh & Hwang, 1964: 27 (type species:
Rugogymnocypris tibetanus Yueh & Hwang, 1964: 27,
by original designation). Gender feminine.
Gymnocypris firmispinata Wu & Wu, 1988
Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus Wu & Wu, 1988: 17,
fig. 2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Zhongdian County:
confluence of Jinshajiang and its tributary Shuoduogang,
Xiaqiaotou; holotype: NWPIB 8609315)
Gymnocypris potanini Herzenstein, 1891
Gymnocypris Potanini Herzenstein, 1891: 258, pl. 25 fig. 2
(type locality: China: Yangtze River near Sumpan; syn-
types [10]: ZISP 8736 [3], 8737 [6], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Schizopygopsis lifanensis Chang, 1944: 46, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: China: Sichuan: Mongtun stream near Hopachai,
Ssumaliukou, and Taszepa at Lifan, and different local-
ities of same stream / side pond along lower Mongtun
stream near Ssumaliukou, Lifan; syntypes: [deposition
not clearly stated, possibly author's collection] 527, 528,
530, 531, 534 [7 adults + many young])
Gymnodanio Chen & He, 1992
Gymnodanio Chen & He, 1992: 238 (type species: Gymno-
danio strigatus Chen & He, 1992: 238, by original des-
ignation). Gender masculine [Code art. 30.2.3].
Gymnodanio strigatus Chen & He, 1992
Gymnodanio strigatus Chen & He, 1992: 238, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Jinggu Coun-
ty; holotype: IHB 8810108)
Gymnodiptychus Herzenstein, 1892
Gymnodiptychus Herzenstein, 1892: 225 (type species: Dip-
tychus dybowskii Kessler, 1874: 55, by original desig-
nation). Gender masculine.
Gymnodiptychus integrigymnatus Mo, in Chu & Chen,
1989
Gymnodiptychus integrigymnatus Huang, in Cao et al., 1981:
125 (nomen nudum)
Gymnodiptychus integrigymnatus Mo, in Chu & Chen, 1989:
319, fig. 298 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Tengchong
County: Rui Dian and Guang Ming, Irrawaddy basin;
syntypes: KIZ [12])
Gymnodiptychus integrigymnatus Huang, in Chen, 1998b:
231, xiii, fig. 162 (type locality: China: Yunnan:
Tengchong County: Rui Dian, Irrawaddy basin; holo-
type: IHB 81X4371)
Gymnostomus Heckel, 1843
Gymnostomus Heckel, 1843: 1030 (type species: Cyprinus
ariza Buchanan, 1807: 344, by subsequent designation
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
108
by Bleeker, 1863e: 197). Gender masculine.
Mrigala Bleeker, 1859l: 259 (type species: Cirrhina benga-
lensis Bleeker, 1853o: 136, by monotypy; also in Blee-
ker, 1860c: 427, without included species). Gender fem-
inine [Code art. 30.2.4].
Cirrhinichthys Bleeker, 1863e: 202 (type species: Cirrhina
dussumieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 291, by original designation; also in Bleeker, 1863l:
263, 1863m: 28). Gender masculine.
Henicorhynchus Smith, 1945: 256 (type species: Henico-
rhynchus lobatus Smith, 1945: 257, by original desig-
nation). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Species level synonymies partly follow
Roberts (1997b). Gymnostomus ariza belongs to a subgroup
of Cirrhinus species characterized by a short dorsal fin by
Roberts (1997b) and recognized as constituting the genus
Henicorhynchus or the subgenus Cirrhinus (Henicorhyn-
chus) by other authors (e.g. Banarescu, 1983, Kottelat, 1989,
2001c). Rainboth et al. (2012: 48, pl. 24) considered Heni-
corhynchus to be a distinct genus, including H. caudigutta-
tus, H. caudimaculatus, H. cryptopogon, H. lobatus, H. or-
natipinnis and H. siamensis. They considered only the spe-
cies recorded from the Mekong drainage.
Nomenclatural notes. Generic nomenclature discussed by
Kottelat (2003: 400). Roberts (1997b: 172) commented that
even if recognised valid, Henicorhynchus would be a junior
synonym of Cirrhinichthys). But, as Cirrhina bengalensis
(type species as Mrigala) and C. dussumieri (type species
of Cirrhinichthys) are treated as synonyms of Cyprinus ari-
za (type species of Gymnostomus) by Roberts, this makes
Gymnostomus the valid name of this genus. The Indian
C. reba, commonly treated as a valid species of Cirrhinus
(e.g. Talwar & Jhingran, 1991: 173) is a junior synonym of
G. ariza (Roberts, 1997b: 183).
[Cyprinus ariza Buchanan, 1807: 344, pl. 31 (type locality: India: "a small
clear stream called the Vedawati" [a tributary of the Tungabara River,
Kishna drainage; Roberts, 1997b: 183]; types: NT; plate reproduced
in Roberts, 1997b: 180, fig. 3)].
[Cyprinus reba Hamilton, 1822: 280, 386 (type locality: India: "ponds
and rivers of Bengal and Behar, particularly in their northern parts";
types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in M'Clelland,
1839: pl. 58 fig. 1)].
[Cirrhina Dussumieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 291,
pl. 480 (type locality: India: Mysore; types: MNHN)].
Gymnostomus caudimaculatus (Fowler, 1934)
Tylognathus caudimaculatus Fowler, 1934a: 133, figs. 89–
90 (type locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP
58332, Böhlke, 1984: 72)
Crossocheilus caudiguttatus Fowler, 1934a: 137, fig. 103
(type locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP
58442 [not 58452], Böhlke, 1984: 72; simultaneous sub-
jective synonym of Tylognathus caudimaculatus Fow-
ler, 1934a: 133, first reviser [Roberts, 1997b: 186] gave
precedence to T. caudimaculatus)
Taxonomic notes. Rainboth et al. (2012: pl. 24) consider
G. caudiguttatus to be distinct species.
Gymnostomus cryptopogon (Fowler, 1935)
Tylognathus cryptopogon Fowler, 1935a: 125, figs. 69–70
(type locality: Thailand: Khao Nam Poo; holotype: ANSP
61273, Böhlke, 1984: 74; considered to be a simulta-
neous subjective synonym of T. melanotaenia Fowler,
1935a: 122 by Kottelat, 2001c: 59, who gave precedence
to T. melanotaenia)
Gymnostomus horai (Banarescu, 1986)
Crossocheilus horai Banarescu, 1986: 153, fig. 11 (type lo-
cality: Burma: Shan States: Inlé Lake, Salween drain-
age; holotype: USNM 191451; a junior secondary hom-
onym of Cirrhinus horai Lakshmanan, 1966: 59 when
transferred in Cirrhinus by Roberts, 1997b: 191 [see
Kottelat, 2003b: 400]; reinstated under Code art. 59.4)
Cirrhinus lu Roberts, 1997b: 191 (replacement name for
Crossocheilus horai Banarescu, 1986: 153)
Gymnostomus inornatus (Roberts, 1997)
Cirrhinus inornatus Roberts, 1997b: 187, fig. 5 (type local-
ity: Myanmar: Mandalay market; holotype: CAS 91772)
Taxonomic notes. Rainboth et al. (2012: 48) consider this
species to be a member of Cirrhinus.
Gymnostomus lineatus (Smith, 1945)
Cirrhinus lineatus Smith, 1945: 163, fig. 25 (type locality:
Thailand: Lam Ton Lang, a tributary of Menam Sak [Mae
Nam Pa Sak; Ban Lam Thong Lang, village northwest
of Pakjong; Smith, 1945: 21]; holotype: USNM 107960)
Gymnostomus lobatus (Smith, 1945)
Henicorhynchus lobatus Smith, 1945: 257, fig. 49 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Mekok River near
Chiang Rai; holotype: USNM 119490)
Taxonomic notes. A molecular study by Hurwood et al.
(2007) showed the existence of three distinct lineages among
populations identified as G. lobatus, potentially suggesting
the existence of three species (Chao Phraya, Mun and rest
of Mekong). They did not provide any information allow-
ing to confirm the identification of the material used and
therefore their results cannot be used to reach taxonomic
conclusions.
Gymnostomus ornatipinnis (Roberts, 1997)
Cirrhinus ornatipinnis Roberts, 1997b: 195, fig. 13 (type
locality: Thailand: roadside ditch on highway 24 at km
150 marker, 179 km by road east of Nakorn Ratchasi-
ma; holotype: CAS 91756)
? Cirrhinus soi Roberts, 1997b: 199 (nomen nudum)
Gymnostomus siamensis (Sauvage, 1881)
Morara siamensis Bleeker, 1864g: 35 (nomen nudum);
1864j: 175 (nomen nudum)
Morara siamensis Sauvage, 1881a: 187, pl. 6 fig. 2 [misla-
belled Cirrhina jullieni] (type locality: Thailand:
Bangkok;
syntypes: MNHN 1839 [4], Roberts, 1997b: 196)
Tylognathus siamensis de Beaufort, 1927: 5 (type locality:
Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Payao swamp; holotype:
ZMA 112.583, Nijssen et al., 1993: 216; potential junior
subjective homonym of Morara siamensis Sauvage,
1881a: 187 if considered to be valid)
Tylognathus brunneus Fowler, 1934a: 131, figs. 87–88 (type
locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP 58369,
Böhlke, 1984: 70)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
109
Tylognathus entmema Fowler, 1934a: 134, figs. 101–102
(type locality: Thailand: Bangkok: Silom canal; holo-
type: ANSP 59092, Böhlke, 1984: 75)
Cirrhinus marginipinnis Fowler, 1937: 173, figs. 108–109
(type locality: Thailand: Pitsanulok; holotype: ANSP
68069, Böhlke, 1984: 82)
Cirrhina sauvagei Fang, 1942b: 168 (type locality: Mekong
[in Vietnam, Cambodia or Laos]; syntypes: MNHN 8598
[1], B.2961 [7], Roberts, 1997b: 196)
Crossocheilus thai Fowler, 1944c: 49, 1 fig. (type locality:
Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 71336, Böhlke,
1984: 93)
Taxonomic notes. A molecular study by Adamson et al.
(2009) showed the existence of four distinct stocks in pop-
ulations identified as G. siamensis in the Mekong drainage
(lower Mekong, Middle Mekong, Nong Khai and Bokeo).
The stock in Nong Khai is apparently similar to that in Mae
Khlong (and expectedly the Chao Phraya). They did not
provide information allowing to confirm the identification
of the material used and therefore their results cannot be
used to reach taxonomic conclusions.
Hainania Koller, 1927
Hainania Koller, 1927: 45 (type species: Hainania serrata
Koller, 1927: 45, by monotypy; also spelt Heinania, first
reviser [Myers, 1931: 256] retained Hainania as correct
original spelling). Gender feminine.
Hainania serrata Koller, 1927
Hainania serrata Koller, 1927: 45, fig. 5 (type locality:
China: Hainan: Kang-Kong River; lectotype: NMW
10420, designated by Banarescu, 1968a: 527, pl. 2 fig. 8)
Hemiculter serracanthus Nichols & Pope, 1927: 373, fig.
37 (type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype:
AMNH 8380)
Hampala Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823
Hampala Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 1823c: 132
[translated in Alfred, 1961b: 86] (type species: Hampa-
la macrolepidota Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt,
1823c: 132, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Heterolenciscus Sauvage, 1874: 339 (type species: Hetero-
lenciscus jullieni Sauvage, 1874: 339, by monotypy; the
mention "du groupe des Leuciscus" in the original de-
scription suggests that Heterolenciscus is an inadvertent
error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1];
Leuciscus is used once and Heterolenciscus twice, but
in a capitalized font, which suggest that the error might
be a copyist's error). Gender masculine.
Hampala ampalong (Bleeker, 1852)
Capoeta ampalong Bleeker, 1852r: 594 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [120 mm TL]:
? RMNH 4968, Doi & Taki, 1994: 411, fig. 2)
Hampala bimaculata (Popta, 1905)
Barbus hampal var. bimaculata Popta, 1905a: 173 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Howong
[about 0°15'N 115°30'E], Bo and Kajan Rivers; synty-
pes: RMNH 7613 [3], 7614 [4], 7615 [3]; also in Popta,
1906: 147, pl. 8 fig. 32)
Hampala dispar Smith, 1934
Hampala dispar Smith, 1934: 309, pl. 11 (type locality:
Thailand: Menam Mun at Ubon; holotype: USNM
103366, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Hampala lopezi Herre, 1924
Hampala lopezi Herre, 1924b: 275 (type locality: Philip-
pines: Busuanga: creek at Langbuan; holotype: BSM
9186, lost)
Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823
Hampala Macrolepidota Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Has-
selt, 1823c: 132 [translated in Alfred, 1961b: 86] (type
locality: Indonesia: Java: near Buitenzorg [Bogor]; syn-
types: part of RMNH 2517 [1], 2518 [1], 1798 [1], 1799
[1], 383 [1], 388 [1], 16411 [1], MNHN 89 [1], Bertin &
Estève, 1948: 48, Roberts, 1993b: 16, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barbus hampal Günther, 1868a: 139 (unnecessary replace-
ment name for Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & van
Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 1823c: 132)
Heterolenciscus Jullieni Sauvage, 1874: 339 (type locality:
Vietnam: Cochinchine; lectotype: MNHN 8592, desig-
nated by Kottelat, 1984a: 802)
Barbus hampal var. bifasciata Popta, 1905a: 173 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Bo River; holotype: RMNH
7612; also in Popta, 1906: 147, pl. 8 fig. 31)
Nomenclatural notes. Contrary to Roberts' (1993: 16) in-
terpretation, Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & van Hasselt,
in van Hasselt (1823c: 132) is not a nomen nudum because
van Hasselt provides a (very brief) description ("comes near-
est to Leuciscus Cuv. but differs in having 2 filaments at
each corner of the mouth") (see Kottelat, 1987a: 370). All
the specimens collected by Kuhl and van Hasselt and listed
by Roberts are syntypes.
Hampala sabana Inger & Chin, 1962
Hampala macrolepidota sabana Inger & Chin, 1962: 81,
fig. 36 (type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: tribu-
tary of Kinabatangan River near Deramakot; holotype:
FMNH 68218)
Hampala salweenensis Doi & Taki, 1994
Hampala salweenensis Doi & Taki, 1994: 405, figs. 1–2
(type locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Mae
Surin River, a tributary of Mae Pai, at Ban Huei Phan;
holotype: NSMT-P 35838)
Hemibarbus Bleeker, 1860
Hemibarbus Bleeker, 1860c: 431 (type species: Gobio bar-
bus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 198, by subsequent
monotypy in Bleeker, 1860i: 92, 1860j: 281, 394). Gen-
der masculine.
Gobiobarbus Dybowski, 1869: 951 (type species: Cyprinus
labeo Pallas, 1776b: 703, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
110
Taxonomic notes. Synonymies partly follow Yue (1995)
and Chen (1998a: 237).
*Hemibarbus labeo (Pallas, 1776)
Cyprinus labeo Pallas, 1776a: 207 (nomen nudum)
Cyprinus labeo Pallas, 1776b: 703 (type locality: Russia:
Onon, "streams flowing through Dauria and draining to
the Amur" [p.207] / Dauria is mentioned p. 703 as "Rus-
sis in Dauria kon (Equus)"[called kon (horse) by the
Russians of Dauria]; types: none; also in Pallas, 1778:
appendix, p. 14)
Gobio barbus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 198, pl. 99 fig. 1
(type locality: Japan: Nagasaki; lectotype: RMNH
D.1737, designated by Boeseman, 1947: 156; junior sec-
ondary homonym of Cyprinus barbus Linnaeus, 1758:
320, when placed in Barbus by Günther, 1868a: 135)
? Barbus abramoides Brandt, in Maak, 1861: 196 (nomen
nudum; locality: Russia, Ussuri)
Barbus schlegelii Günther, 1868a: 135 (replacement name
for Gobio barbus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 198;
"syntypes" listed and figured by Ho & Shao (2011: 25,
fig. 1) have no type status)
Acanthogobio oxyrhynchus
Nikolski, 1904: 358 (type local-
ity: Russia: Lake Chanka at mouth of Santacheza River;
holotype: ZISP 12721, Banarescu & Nalbant, 1973: 19)
Pseudogobio chaoi Evermann & Shaw, 1927: 106 (type lo-
cality: China: Nanking; holotype: CAS 501, Banarescu
& Nalbant, 1973: 191)
Hemibarbus longianalis Kimura, 1934: 123, pl. 4 fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Sichuan: Suining and Howchwan; holo-
type: BDSSI 180)
Distribution notes. Records of H. labeo from Vietnam and
Laos seem to be mididentified or introduced stocks.
Nomenclatural notes. Barbus schlegelii Günther, 1868 was
not a new species but a new replacement name for Gobio
barbus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846. This is clear from the
synonymy and discussion. Günther placed the species in the
genus Barbus, where it would have been a secondary junior
homonym of Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758: 320), and
therefore renamed it B. schlegelii.
[Cyprinus Barbus Linnaeus, 1758: 320 (based on Artedi [1738: gen. [spec.]
4, syn. 8, Cyprinus maxilla superiore longiore ...], Gronovius [1754:
5, n. 20. idem; 1756: 3, n. 20, idem] and on data from the then unpub-
lished Linnaeus, 1764: 107 [from Spain]; type locality: Netherlands:
river Ijssel at Deventer, Netherlands [original locality: "in Europa
australis"]; lectotype: BMNH 1853.11.12:144 [Gronovius's specimen],
designated by Kottelat, 1997: 48; see also Wheeler, 1958: 212, Fern-
holm & Wheeler, 1983: 217)].
Hemibarbus macracanthus Luo, Le & Chen, in Wu, 1977
Hemibarbus macracanthus Luo, Yue & Chen, in Wu, 1977:
448, pl. 9-3 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Guiping, Pai-
se and Lungzhou; syntypes: IHB 58-7-705 [1], 58-7-760
[1], 58-7-761 [1], 58-7-999 [1], 011 [1])
*Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker, 1871
Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker, 1871b: 19, pl. 4 fig. 3 (type
locality: China: Yangtze River; syntypes: MNHN 5030
[1], 5031 [1], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 88, Banarescu &
Nalbant, 1973: 194; junior secondary homonym of Bar-
bus maculatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 195, when placed in Barbus by Günther, 1889a:
224; these taxa are no longer considered congeneric and
the substitute name [Barbus semibarbus Günther, 1889a:
224] is not in use, so Hemibarbus maculatus is not re-
jected; Code art. 59.3)
Barbus semibarbus Günther, 1889a: 224 (replacement name
for Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker, 1871b: 19, rejected
under Code art. 59.3)
Hemibarbus joiteni Jordan & Starks, 1904: 241, pl. 64 (type
locality: China: Pei Ho at Tientsin [Tianjin]; syntypes
[4]: CAS-SU 8414 [1], USNM 51467 [1], 51468 [1],
Böhlke, 1953: 32, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Acanthogobio paltschevskii Nikolski, 1904: 356 (type lo-
cality: Russia: Lake Chanka at mouth of Santacheza Riv-
er; holotype: ZISP 11720 [Banarescu & Nalbant, 1973:
194 listed type locality as Ussuri River and holotype as
ZISP 12720, which is in disagreement with original de-
scription])
? Hemibarbus longibarbis Fang, 1938b: 269 (type locality:
China: Kiangsi: Sau-hsui; holotype: NRIBAS)
Distribution notes. Records of H. maculatus from Vietnam
and Laos are either mididentified material of other species,
or introduced stocks.
Hemibarbus medius Yue, 1995
Hemibarbus longianalis Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969: 14
(type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Muong Lay
District: Nam Lay stream [at Muong Tung village]; lec-
totype: NCNTTSI "132", designated by Roberts & Cat-
ania, 2007: 93 [possibly NCNTTSI H.01.48.04.01, er-
roneously listed as holotype of replacement name
Hemibarbus lehoai Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 201]; spelt longicenalis p. 14, first reviser [Kotte-
lat, 2001b: 121] retained longianalis as correct original
spelling; junior primary homonym of Hemibarbus lon-
gianalis Kimura, 1943: 123; original figure first pub-
lished in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 202, fig. 92 [as
H. lehoai], again in Nguyen [V. H.], 2007: 83, fig. 16;
translation in Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 2007: 71)
Hemibarbus medius Yue, 1995: 117, fig. 1 (type locality:
China: Hainan: Haikou, Jinjiang, Qionghai, "Fivefingers
Moutain"; syntypes: IHB 60.2.023–24, 64, 66, 358, 362,
366, 368, 517–519, 573 [12])
Hemibarbus lehoai Nguyen [V. H.], in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 201, fig. 92 (replacement name for Hemibarbus
longianalis Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969: 14;
material
listed as holotype and paratypes in fact are syntypes as
no holotype was designated in Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan,
1969: 14; spelt llehoai p. 201, an inadvertent error)
Hemibarbus songloensis Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001
Hemibarbus songloensis Nguyen [V. H.], in Nguyen [V. H.]
& Ngo, 2001: 194, fig. 88 (Vietnam: Ha Giang Prov-
ince: Song Lo at Ha Giang; holotype: NCNTTSI
H.01.48.02.01)
? Hemibarbus umbrifer (Lin, 1931)
Paraleucogobio umbrifer Lin, 1931: 86 (type locality: Chi-
na: Xijang basin [Guangxi: Yaoshan; Lin, 1934d: 6];
syntypes [5]: BLG 2826)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
111
Taxonomic notes. Tentative identification of material from
Nam Kading (Laos) basin
(Kottelat, 2001a: 27, 2003 unpubl.).
Hemibarbus thacmoensis Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001
Hemibarbus thacmoensis Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 197, fig. 90 (type locality: Vietnam: Tuyen Quang
Province: Na Hang, Thac Mo [Mo waterfall]; holotype:
NCNTTSI H.01.48.06.01)
Hemiculter Bleeker, 1860
Hemiculter Bleeker, 1860c: 432 (type species: Culter leu-
cisculus Basilewsky, 1855: 238, by subsequent monoty-
py in Bleeker, 1860j: 282, 401). Gender masculine.
Cultriculus Oshima, 1919: 252 (type species: Hemiculter
kneri Kreyenberg & Pappenheim, 1908: 105, by origi-
nal designation). Gender masculine.
Kendallia Evermann & Shaw, 1927: 108 (type species: Ken-
dallia goldsboroughi Evermann & Shaw, 1927: 108, by
original designation). Gender feminine.
Siniichthys Banarescu, 1970b: 161 (type species: Siniich-
thys brevirostris Banarescu, 1970b: 161, by original des-
ignation). Gender masculine.
Species inquirenda et incertae sedis
Hemiculter songhongensis Nguyen & Nguyen, in Ngu-
yen & Ngo, 2001
Hemiculter songhongensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [V.
N.], in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 135, fig. 61 (type
locality: Vietnam: Song Hong [Red River] in Hanoi;
holotype: NCNTTSI H.01.33.02.01)
Hemiculter krempfi Pellegrin & Chevey, 1938
Hemiculter Krempfi Pellegrin & Chevey, 1938: 18 (type
locality: Vietnam: Nhatrang; lectotype: MNHN 1937-
0056, designated by Banarescu, 1968a: 525, pl. 1 fig. 3)
Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855)
Culter Leucisculus Basilewsky, 1855: 238 (type locality:
China: streams draining to Gulf of Tschili; syntypes: ZISP
5272 [2], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Squaliobarbus annamiticus Tirant, 1883: 9
7 (type locality:
Vietnam: river of Hué; lectotype: MGHNL 42000041
[for-
merly 3624], designated by Kottelat, 1987c: 17, fig. 11)
Culter Balnei Sauvage, 1884a: 213, pl. 8 fig. 4 (type local-
ity: Vietnam: vicinity of Hanoï; holotype: MNHN 1884-
0079, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 83, Banarescu, 1968a: 524,
pl. 1 fig. 1)
Hemiculter Schrencki Warpachowski, in Warpachowski &
Herzenstein, 1887: 46, pl. fig. 4 (type locality: China:
Fu-Tschau [Fuchow]; holotype: ZISP 7032; also in War-
pachowski, 1888: 18 [same data, but an additional spec-
imen ZISP 7033])
Hemiculter kneri Warpachowski, 1888: 17 (based on Culter
leucisculus of Kner, 1867: 362; type locality: China:
Shanghai; holotype: NMW)
Hemiculter kneri Kreyenberg & Pappenheim, 1908: 105
(based in part on Culter leucisculus of Kner, 1867: 362;
type locality: China: Shanghai and Hankau; syntypes:
NMW ?, ZMB; junior primary homonym and potential-
ly junior objective synonym of Hemiculter kneri War-
pachowski, 1888: 17)
? Parapelecus eigenmanni Jordan & Metz, 1913: 21, pl. 3
fig. 1 (type locality: Korea: Suigen, south of Seoul; ho-
lotype: FMNH 55802 [CM 4565], Banarescu, 1971a: 11)
[treated as valid species by Kim & Lee, 1986: 13, Kim,
1997: 279]
Cultriculus akoensis Oshima, 1920: 132, pl. 3 fig. 4 (type
locality: Taiwan: Ako [Pingtung]; holotype: ANSP
49953, Böhlke, 1984: 68)
Hemicultur [sic] clupeoides Nichols, 1925e: 7 (type locali-
ty: China: Hunan: Tungting Lake; holotype: AMNH
8433, Banarescu, 1971a: 11)
Kendallia goldsboroughi Evermann & Shaw, 1927: 108
(type locality: China: Hangchow; holotype: CAS 503)
Taxonomic notes. Several species are probably confused
under this name.
Hemiculterella Warpachowsky, 1888
Hemiculterella Warpachowsky, 1888: 23 (type species:
Hemiculterella sauvagei Warpachowsky, 1888: 23, by
monotypy). Gender feminine.
Semiculter Chu, 1935: 4 (type species: Nicholsiculter
rendahli Wu, 1930a: 74, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Hemiculterella macrolepis Chen, in Chu & Chen, 1989
Hemiculterella macrolepis Chen, in Chu & Chen, 1989: 75,
fig. 70 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna:
Mengla County; holotype: KIZ 745094)
Taxonomic notes. Generic position uncertain. Has affini-
ties with species of Anabarilius. If transferred to Anabari-
lius, becomes a junior secondary homonym of Anabarilius
macrolepis Yih & Wu, in Wu, 1964: 75.
[Anabarilius macrolepis Yih & Wu, in Wu, 1964: 75, pl. 2–9 (type locali-
ty: China: Yunnan: Yi-Long lake; syntypes [18]: ? IHB)].
Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860
Cephalus Basilewsky, 1855: 235 (type species: Cephalus
mantschuricus Basilewsky, 1855: 235, by monotypy;
junior homonym of Cephalus Shaw, 1804b: 437 and
Cephalus Bonaparte, 1845a: 396, both in Pisces). Gen-
der masculine.
Hypopthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860c: 433 (type species: Leu-
ciscus molitrix Valenciennes, 1844: 360, by subsequent
designation by Bleeker, 1863e: 201, 1863m: 28 [no spe-
cies originally included; next usage is by Bleeker, 1860j:
283, 405 who included 3 species, plus 3 conditionally
included species not available for type species fixation,
Code art. 67.2.5]). Gender masculine.
Abramocephalus Steindachner, 1869b: 150 (type species:
Abramocephalus microlepis Steindachner, 1869b: 150,
by monotypy; also in Steindachner, 1870a: 302). Gen-
der masculine.
Onychodon Dybowski, 1872: 211 (type species: Cephalus
mantschuricus Basilewsky, 1855: 235, by monotypy;
junior homonym of Onychodon Agassiz, 1845b: 113 in
Coleoptera, which is an unjustified emendation of Oni-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
112
chodon Newman, 1838: 383; objective junior synonym
of Cephalus Basilewsky, 1855: 235). Gender masculine.
Aristichthys Oshima, 1919: 246 (type species: Leuciscus
nobilis Richardson, 1845b: 140, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Aristichthys is treated as a synonym of
Hypophthalmichthys following Howes (1981). They defin-
itively are related but several researchers consider that they
are too dissimilar to be placed in the same genus. The syn-
onym requires re-examination.
Hypophthalmichthys harmandi Sauvage, 1884
Hypophthalmichthys Harmandi Sauvage, 1884a: 212, pl. 7
fig. 1 [not pl. 8] (type locality: Vietnam: vicinity of Ha-
noï; holotype: MNHN 1884-0075, Bertin & Estève,
1948: 76)
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1844)
Leuciscus molitrix Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1844: 360 (type locality: not stated [China ?]; holotype:
specimen on which is based the drawing used by Valen-
ciennes)
Leuciscus hypophthalmus Richardson, 1845b: 139, pl. 63
fig. 1 (type locality: China: Canton; holotype: BMNH
uncat., Eschmeyer, 2010 [or syntypes if Reeves unpub-
lished drawing is based on a different specimen])
Cephalus Mantschuricus Basilewsky, 1855: 235, pl. 7 fig. 3
(type locality: China: Beijing / Mandchuria / Mongolia;
syntypes: ? ZISP)
Hypophthalmichthys Basilewskii Kner, 1867: 350 (unnec-
essary replacement name for Cephalus mantschuricus
Basilewsky, 1855: 235)
Abramocephalus microlepis Steindachner, 1869b: 150 (type
locality: China; holotype: NMW 46326, Eschmeyer,
2010; also in Steindachner, 1870a: 302)
? Hypophthalmichthys Dabryi Bleeker, 1871b: 84 (not avail-
able, name listed in synonymy)
? Hypophthalmichthys Dabryi Bleeker, 1878c: 210 (type
locality: China: Yang-tse-kiang River; syntypes: MNHN
[2, 160–212 mm SL])
Hypophtalmichthys Dybowskii Herzenstein, in Warpachows-
ki & Herzenstein, 1887: 38, 56 (type locality: Russia:
Amur River / Amur between Emoron [49°362 003 N
136°322 003 E] and Chilusa / ? China: Fuchow; synty-
pes: ZISP 5510 [1], 5576 [1, not 5575 as mentioned p.
39], ? 7043 [1; not 7103, Eschmeyer, 2010])
Pseudolaubuca clupeoides Duncker, 1904: 183, pl. 1 figs.
1–1a (type locality: Malaysia: Sungai Bungus near Kua-
la Lumpur [introduced]; holotype: Selangor Museum
1184 [now BMNH 1905.5.6.1], Alfred, 1963e: 166,
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Distribution notes. In area: coastal drainages of Guangxi.
Records of H. molitrix from Vietnam are either misidenti-
fied material of H. harmandi, or introduced stocks.
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845)
Leuciscus nobilis Richardson, 1845b: 140, pl. 63 fig. 3 (type
locality: China: Canton; holotype: BMNH 1968.3.11.4,
Whitehead, 1970a: 210, Eschmeyer, 2010 [or syntypes
if Reeves drawing is based on another specimen])
? Hypophthalmichthys simoni Bleeker, 1871b: 86 (not avail-
able, name listed in synonymy)
? Hypophthalmichthys simoni Bleeker, 1878c: 311 (type
locality: China: Yang-tse-kiang River; syntypes: MNHN
[2, 175–230 mm SL])
Hypsibarbus Rainboth, 1996
Hypsibarbus Rainboth, 1996a: 20 (type species: Acrossoch-
eilus malcolmi Smith, 1945: 199, by original designa-
tion). Gender masculine.
Hypsibarbus annamensis (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
Barbus annamensis Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936b: 225, fig. 3
(type locality: Vietnam: Annam: Quang Tri: Hang Gi-
ang; holotype: MNHN 1935-0337, Bertin & Estève,
1948: 41)
Hypsibarbus birtwistlei (Herre, 1940)
Puntius birtwistlei Herre, 1940b: 32 (type locality: Malay-
sia: Perak: Chenderoh Dam; lectotype: CAS-SU 14172,
designated by Böhlke, 1953: 37)
Hypsibarbus huguenini (Bleeker, 1853)
Barbus Huguenini Bleeker, 1853f: 294 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Ombiling River; holotype [179 mm TL]:
BMNH 1866.5.2.185, Rainboth, 1996a: 72)
Hypsibarbus lagleri Rainboth, 1996
Hypsibarbus lagleri Rainboth, 1996a: 73, fig. 18 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Ubon Ratchathani Province: Huay Hin
Taek near mouth into Mun River; holotype: UMMZ
228293)
Hypsibarbus macrosquamatus (Mai, 1978)
Lissochilus macrosquamatus Mai, 1978: 99, fig. 42 (type
locality: northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT)
Hypsibarbus malcolmi (Smith, 1945)
Acrossocheilus malcolmi Smith, 1945: 199, fig. 34 (type
locality: Thailand: Mae Ping River at Raheng; holotype:
USNM 117748)
Hypsibarbus myitkyinae (Prashad & Mukerji, 1929)
Barbus myitkyinae Prashad & Mukerji, 1929: 198, pl. 9 figs.
2–2b (type locality: Burma: Kachin State: Myitkyina
District: north end of Indawgyi Lake near Nyaugbin vil-
lage; holotype: ZSI F 10912/1, Rainboth, 1996a: 91)
? Puntius jayarami Vishwanath & Tombi, 1986: 129, figs. 1–
2 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chakpi stream and Chak-
pikarong (24°18'N 93°95'E [sic]), 80 km south of Imphal,
Chindwin drainage; holotype: MU/LSD F21)
Hypsibarbus oatesii (Boulenger, 1893)
Barbus Oatesii Boulenger, 1893: 201 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Southern Shan States: Nampandet; syntypes: BMNH
1893.6.30.15–24 [10], ZSI F 3002/1 [1], FMNH 5708
[2], Rainboth, 1996a: 97, Ibarra & Stewart, 1987: 15)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
113
Hypsibarbus pierrei (Sauvage, 1880)
Puntius Pierrei Sauvage, 1880d: 232 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Bien Hoa Province: rapids on Dung-Nai [Dong
Nai]; holotype: MNHN A.2847, Kottelat, 1984a: 804)
Hypsibarbus salweenensis Rainboth, 1996
Hypsibarbus salweenensis Rainboth, 1996a: 105, fig. 31
(type locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Sal-
ween River midway between Mae Sam Laep and Paleh;
holotype: CAS 81575)
Hypsibarbus suvattii Rainboth, 1996
Hypsibarbus suvattii Rainboth, 1996a: 110, fig. 33 (type
locality: Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province: Kwae Noi
River at Lawa Cave; holotype: ZMUC P261369)
Hypsibarbus vernayi (Norman, 1925)
Barbus vernayi Norman, 1925a: 315 (type locality: Thai-
land: Uthai Thani Province: Mae Wong River 40 and 53
miles east of Um Pang; syntypes: BMNH 1924.7.23.7
[1], 1924.7.23.8 [1], Rainboth, 1996a: 121)
? Barbodes daruphani luosuoensis Wu & Lin, in Wu, 1977:
244, pl. 7-5 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Luosuo Jiang
[Buyuan Jiang]; syntypes: IHB 634049, 51–57, 69, 648,
634 1–6 [16])
Hypsibarbus wetmorei (Smith, 1931)
Puntius wetmorei Smith, 1931a: 12 (type locality: Thailand:
Mae Nam Chao Phraya at Chainad; holotype: USNM
90295)
Puntius daruphani Smith, 1934: 312 (type locality: Thai-
land: Mae Ping River at Raheng; holotype: KUMF 565,
Rainboth, 1996a: 129)
Barbus beasleyi Fowler, 1937: 194, figs. 153–154 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP 68140,
Böhlke, 1984: 70)
Puntius daruphani tweediei Menon, 1954: 17, fig. 5 (type
locality: Malaysia: Pahang: Kuala Tahan; holotype: ZSI
F 248/2, Rainboth, 1996a: 129)
Incisilabeo Fowler, 1937
Incisilabeo Fowler, 1937: 206 (subgenus of Labeo Cuvier,
1816a: 194; type species: Labeo behri Fowler, 1937: 206,
by original designation). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Treated as valid following Kottelat &
Steiner (2011: 320).
Incisilabeo behri (Fowler, 1937)
Labeo behri Fowler, 1937: 206, figs. 175–176 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP 68190, Böhlke,
1984: 70)
? Osteochilus tatumi Fowler, 1937: 180, figs. 118–119 (type
locality: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 68095,
Böhlke, 1984: 93; simultaneous subjective synonym of
Labeo behri Fowler, 1937: 206, first reviser [Böhlke,
1984: 93] gave precedence to L. behri)
Inlecypris Howes, 1980
Inlecypris Howes, 1980b: 171 (type species: Barilius auro-
purpureus Annandale, 1918: 51, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. The systematic position of Inlecypris is
discussed by Fang et al. (2009). Although they concluded
that Inlecypris is part of a Devario clade and they therefore
treated them as synonyms, they commented that some un-
certainties remained and that they had been able to include
in their analysis only a few of the species of their genus
Devario. Therefore I find it premature to synonymise Inle-
cypris, especially considering that it has its own apomor-
phies and a very distinct appearance. Also, Fang et al.'s phy-
logenies show that a classification ((((D. maetaengensis +
D. shanensis) + (Inlecypris)) + Devario) + Microrasbora)
cannot be excluded. A later version of the same tree in Pra-
mod et al. (2010: 44) is congruent with my interpretation.
The inclusion of D. maetaengensis and D. shanensis in
Inlecypris too, makes it monophyletic. These two 'Devario'
species should possibly be a distinct genus, but it is prema-
ture to name one (if there were already an existing name,
I would probably have used it). The similar-looking D. inter-
ruptus and D. apopyris too, may belong here. This classifica-
tion is used here as it depicts better the similarities between
the species and the differences between these genera, and
ac-
comodates the relationships shown by molecular analyses.
Inlecypris auropurpurea (Annandale, 1918)
Barilius auropurpureus Annandale, 1918: 51, pl. 2 fig. 4
(type locality: Burma: Southern Shan States: Inlé Lake;
holotype: ZSI 9432/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 106)
Inlecypris jayarami (Barman, 1985)
Danio jayarami Barman, 1985a: 31, fig. 1 (type locality:
Burma: N. Shan States: Mongyai; holotype: ZSI FF.1805)
'Inlecypris' maetaengensis (Fang, 1997)
Danio maetaengensis Fang, 1997b: 43, fig. 2 (type locality:
Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Nam Mae Taeng River,
tributary of Mae Nam Ping, about 56 km north of Chiang
Mai; holotype: ANSP 174721)
'Inlecypris' shanensis (Hora, 1928)
Danio shanensis Hora, 1928: 38, fig. 1 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Northern Shan States: Hsipaw [holotype locality,
from Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 108] [Irrawaddy drain-
age]; holotype: ZSI F 10814/1, Fang, 2000: 18, fig. 6)
Nomenclatural notes. Lectotype designation by Fang
(2000: 21) is not valid. Hora (1928: 38) explicitly listed this
specimen as "type specimen" (singular) and this makes it
holotype.
Kalimantania Banarescu, 1980
Kalimantania Banarescu, 1980b: 471 (type species: Systo-
mus lawak Bleeker, 1855k: 411, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Kalimantania lawak (Bleeker, 1855)
Systomus lawak Bleeker, 1855k: 411 (type locality: Indone-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
114
sia: Java: Tjiliwong River in Batavia [Ciliwong in Jakar-
ta] and Kalimas River [Brantas] in Surabaya; syntypes [2,
86–108 mm TL]: BMNH 1866.5.2.203 [1], SMNS 24572
[1, probably lost], Roberts, 1989: 41, Fricke, 2005: 34)
Amblyrhynchichthys altus Vaillant, 1893a: 59 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas Riv-
er; holotype: MNHN 1891-0355 [1891-3955 in Banares-
cu, 1980b: 472, fig. 1]; also in Vaillant, 1893b: 84, pl. 2 fig. 1)
Kottelatia Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010
Kottelatia Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010: 159 (type spe-
cies: Rasbora brittani Axelrod, 1976: 94, by original
designation). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. See discussion under Rasbora.
Kottelatia brittani (Axelrod, 1976)
Rasbora brittani Axelrod, 1976: 94, figs. (type locality:
Malaysia: Johore River at Segamat; holotype: USNM
214847)
Labeo Cuvier, 1816
Labeo Cuvier, 1816a: 194 (type species: Cyprinus niloticus
Forskål, 1775: xiii, 71, by subsequent designation by
Rüppell, 1835b: 17). Gender masculine.
Morulius Hamilton, 1822: 331, 391 (subgenus of Cyprinus
Linnaeus, 1758: 320; type species: Cyprinus morala
Hamilton, 1822: 331, by subsequent designation by Blee-
ker, 1863e: 195, 1863m: 25; spelt Marulius on p. 391,
probably an inadvertent error, thus incorrect original
spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]; otherwise first reviser [pos-
sibly Reid, 1985: 292] retained Morulius as correct orig-
inal spelling). Gender masculine.
Diplocheilus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 [translated in Alfred,
1961b: 85], 1824b: 375 (nomen nudum, Kottelat, 1987a:
371)
Deplocheilus van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 [translated in Alfred,
1961b: 86] (nomen nudum, Kottelat, 1987a: 371)
Nandina Gray, 1831b: 8 (type species: Nandina hamiltonii
Gray, 1831b: 8, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Abrostomus Smith, 1841: pl. 12 (type species: Abrostomus
umbratus Smith, 1841: pl. 12 fig. 1, by subsequent des-
ignation by Bleeker, 1863e: 193, 1863m: 25). Gender
masculine.
Rohita Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 242
(type species: Cyprinus rohita Hamilton, 1822: 301, by
absolute tautonymy). Gender feminine.
Habrostomus Agassiz, 1846: 2, 489 (unjustified emendation
of
Abrostomus Smith, 1841: pl. 12). Gender masculine.
Diplocheilos Bleeker, 1859l: 144, 259 (subgenus of Labeo
Cuvier, 1816a: 194; type species: Labeo erythropterus
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 354, by
subsequent designation by Bleeker, 1863e: 194, 1863m:
25). Gender masculine.
Chrysophekadion Bleeker, 1860c: 424 (unnecessary replace-
ment name for Morulius Hamilton, 1822: 331). Gender
neuter.
Rohitichthys Bleeker, 1860c: 424 (type species: Labeo sene-
galensis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:
346, by subsequent monotypy in Bleeker, 1860j: 114,
191). Gender masculine.
? Tambra Bleeker, 1860c: 430 (nomen nudum)
? Tambra Bleeker, 1860j: 275, 311 (subgenus of Hypselo-
barbus Bleeker, 1860c: 430; type species: Cyprinus abra-
mioides Sykes, 1839a: 158, by monotypy). Gender fem-
inine [Code art. 30.2.4].
Taxonomic notes. Jayaram & Das (2000) revised the Indi-
an species of Labeo but the systematics of most species
Labeo are still in need of critical re-examination. Several of
the species listed below may belong to Bangana and the
status of several synonyms must be re-examined (at least
Morulius and Rohita).
Cyprinus abramioides Sykes, 1839a (type species of
Tambra Bleeker, 1860j) has been listed as a synonym of
Gibelion catla (Hamilton, 1822) since Day (1877a). Sykes's
figure (1841: pl. 61 fig. 2) shows a fish with a small head
and a Labeo-like mouth and seems to exclude a synonymy
with G. catla.
Nomenclatural notes. Fricke (2008: 17) commented that
Cyprinus niloticus Forskål, 1775, the type species of La-
beo, was not a new species described by Forskål but was
based on Cyprinus niloticus Linnaeus, 1758. As Linnaeus'
species is mentioned nowhere, there is no basis for this state-
ment, and Forsskål's species is valid and the neotype desig-
nation by Reid (1985) is valid.
[Cyprinus niloticus Linnaeus, 1758: 322 (based on cyprinus rufescens of
Hasselqvist, 1757: 393 and specimen[s]; type locality: Egypt: Nile;
syntypes: NRM 8045 [2; Kullander in NRM on-line catalogue])].
[Cyprinus niloticus Forskål, 1775: xiii, 71 (type locality: Sudan: Nile at
Wadi Halfa, 21°55'N 31°20'E; neotype: BMNH 1907.12.2.1074, des-
ignated by Reid, 1985: 63)].
[Cyprinus Abramioides Sykes, 1839a: 158 (type locality: India: Deccan;
types: BMNH ?; also in Sykes, 1839b: 55, 1841: 353, pl. 61 fig. 2)].
Species inquirenda
Rohita tincoides Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 269 (type locality: unknown; holotype: MNHN
3866, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 16)
Labeo angra (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus angra Hamilton, 1822: 331, 391 (type locality:
India: Brahmaputra River; types: NT; Hamilton's unpub-
lished drawing reproduced in Gray, 1830: vol. 1, pl. 86
fig. 1 as Cyprinus hamiltonii [M'Clelland, 1839: 277])
Cyprinus morala Hamilton, 1822: 331, 391, pl. 18 fig. 91
(type locality: India: Bengal; types: NT; Hamilton's un-
published drawing reproduced in Gray, 1831a: vol. 1,
pl. 93 fig. 2; spelt morula on pl. 18, apparently an inad-
vertent error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code art.
32.5.1], otherwise first reviser [possibly Eschmeyer et
al., 1998: 1120] retained morala as correct original spell-
ing; simultaneous subjective synonym of Cyprinus an-
gra Hamilton, 1822: 331, first reviser [Day, 1878a: 541]
gave precedence to C. angra)
? Cyprinus pausius Hamilton, 1822: 332, 392 (type locali-
ty: India: Kosi River; types: NT; simultaneous subjec-
tive synonym of Cyprinus angra Hamilton, 1822: 331,
first reviser [Day, 1878a: 541] gave precedence to C.
angra; simultaneous subjective synonym of Cyprinus
morala Hamilton, 1822: 331, first reviser [Günther,
1864a: 56] gave precedence to C. morala)
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115
? Cyprinus musiha Hamilton, 1822: 333, 392 (type locality:
India: Ganges at Patna; types: NT; simultaneous subjec-
tive synonym of Cyprinus angra Hamilton, 1822: 331,
first reviser [Day, 1878a: 541] gave precedence to C.
angra; simultaneous subjective synonym of Cyprinus
morala Hamilton, 1822: 331, first reviser [Günther,
1864a: 56] gave precedence to C. morala; simultaneous
subjective synonym of Cyprinus pausius Hamilton, 1822:
332, as first reviser I give precedence to C. pausius)
Cyprinus Hamiltonii Gray, 1830: vol. 1, pl. 86 fig. 1 (type
locality: India: Brahmaputra River; holotype: specimen
on which figure is based [figure is unpublished drawing
of Cyprinus angra Hamilton, 1822: 331, see M'Clelland,
1839: 277]; objective junior synonym of Cyprinus an-
gra Hamilton, 1822: 331)
Labeo barbatulus (Sauvage, 1878)
Rohita barbatula Sauvage, 1878b: 239 (type locality: Cam-
bodia: Mekong upstream of Pnum-Peuh [Phnom Penh];
holotype: MNHN 9641, Fang, 1942b: 166, Kottelat,
1984a: 806)
Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus bata Hamilton, 1822: 283, 386 (type locality: In-
dia: Bengal; types: NT; tracing of Hamilton's unpublished
drawing in Günther, 1872a: 765)
Cyprinus acra Hamilton, 1822: 284, 386 (type locality: In-
dia: Sunkos River, in northeastern part of Bengal; types:
NT; simultaneous subjective synonym of Cyprinus bata
Hamilton, 1822: 283, first reviser [Day, 1877: 542] gave
precedence to C. bata)
Cyprinus cura Hamilton, 1822: 284, 386 ( type locality:
India: rivers of Bengal; types: NT; simultaneous subjec-
tive synonym of Cyprinus bata Hamilton, 1822: 283,
first reviser [Day, 1877: 542] gave precedence to C. bata;
simultaneous subjective synonym of Cyprinus acra
Hamilton, 1822: 284, first reviser [Bleeker, 1853o: 13]
gave precedence to C. acra; figure of Cyprinus cora [sic]
in Gray, 1835: pl. 95 fig. 2, is possibly Hamilton's fig-
ure])
Gobio lissorhynchus M'Clelland, 1839: 277, 355, pl. 55 fig. 5
(type locality: India: large rivers of Bengal and Assam;
syntypes: LU)
Gobio anisurus M'Clelland, 1839: 278, 360, pl. 40 fig. 2
(type locality: India: higher parts of the Brahmaputra;
holotype: LU)
Distribution notes. Recorded in area from Chindwin drain-
age by Selim & Vishwanath (2001: 292). Synonymy fol-
lows Day (1875: 542) and Menon (1999: 126).
Labeo boga (Hamilton, 1822)
? Cyprinus falcatus Bloch, 1795: 53, pl. 412 (type locality:
India: Malabar Coast; types: LU)
Cyprinus boga Hamilton, 1822: 286, 386, pl. 28 fig. 80 (type
locality: India: Brahmaputra River; types: NT)
Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus calbasu Hamilton, 1822: 297, 387, pl. 2 fig. 33
(type locality: India: "rivers and ponds of Bengal, and
[...] western provinces"; types: NT)
Cirrhine micropogon Valenciennes, 1832b: 372, pl. 3 fig. 1
(type locality: India: Bengal; holotype: possibly part of
MNHN 3868 [5] [listed as syntypes by Bertin & Estève,
1948: 15] [or syntype if figured specimen is not the one
described in text])
Rohita Belangeri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 255 (unnecessary replacement name for Cirrhine
micropogon Valenciennes, 1832b: 372)
Rohita Reynauldi Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 247, pl. 474 (type locality: Burma: Irrawaddy River
at Rangoon; syntypes: MNHN 3860 [3], 3862 [2], Ber-
tin & Estève, 1948: 15; spelt reinauldi on p. xiv, an in-
advertent error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code
art. 32.5.1])
Labeo Reynauldi Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 351 (type locality: Burma: Irrawaddy River at
Rangoon; holotype: MNHN 3384, Bertin & Estève,
1948: 17)
Labeo velatus Valenciennes, 1841: pl. 93 fig. 3 (type local-
ity: not stated; holotype: specimen on which figure is
based)
? Cirrhinus affinis Jerdon, 1849: 303 (type locality: India:
Cavery River at Seringapatam; holotype: lost)
Cyprinus atratus Hora, 1933: 134 (not available, name list-
ed in synonymy)
Labeo chrysophekadion (Bleeker, 1849)
Rohita chrysophekadion Bleeker, 1849h: 20 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Kalimas River [Brantas] in Surabaya;
lectotype: RMNH 6994, apparently designated by Fricke,
1991: 13 [listed as lectotype, but actual designation as
there is apparently no prior designation] [syntypes up to
264 mm TL])
Rohita cyanomelas Bleeker, 1852r: 597 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [380 mm TL]:
RMNH 12288, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Rohita polyporos Bleeker, 1854d: 519 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Muara Kompeh / Java: Batavia [Jakar-
ta]; syntypes [3, 151–310 mm TL]: RMNH 12320 [1],
6994 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010 [SMNS 10944 [2], listed as
syntypes by Fricke, 1991: 13, are probably not part of
type series])
Rohita koilogeneion Bleeker, 1857i: 359 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [291 mm TL]:
RMNH 12346, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Rohita sima Sauvage, 1878b: 238 (type locality: Cambo-
dia: Pnum-Peuh [Phnom Penh]; types: lost, Kottelat,
1984a: 807)
Rohita pectoralis Sauvage, 1878b: 238 (type locality: Cam-
bodia: Pnum-Peuh [Phnom Penh]; holotype: MNHN
A.2405, Fang, 1942b: 168, Kottelat, 1984a: 806)
Morulius erythrostictus Fowler, 1934a: 127, figs. 85–86
(type locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP
57348, Böhlke, 1984: 75)
Labeo curchius (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus curchius Hamilton, 1822: 289, 387 (type locality:
India: "fresh waters of Bengal"; types: NT)
? Rohita chalybeata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 271 (type locality: Burma: Rangoon; holo-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
116
type: MNHN 3867, Fang, 1942b: 166, Karnasuta, 1993:
85, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 16)
Labeo dyocheilus (M'Clelland, 1839)
Cyprinus dyocheilus M'Clelland, 1839: 268, 330, pl. 37 fig. 1
(type locality: India: Brahmaputra River from Assam to
the rapids at the extremity of the valley; types: LU)
? Gobio bicolor M'Clelland, 1839: 278, 360, pl. 40 fig. 1
(type locality: India: rapids of upper Brahmaputra; ho-
lotype: LU)
Labeo kunki Chaudhuri, 1912: 438, pl. 38 fig. 3 (type local-
ity: India: Bihar: Gandak River at Saran; holotype: ZSI
F 4659/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 112)
Labeo tezpurensis Chaudhuri, 1912: 439, pl. 39 fig. 1 (type
locality: India: Assam: Belsiri River, Tezpur; syntypes
[3]: ZSI F 5788/1 [1], 5789/1 [1], 5790/1 [1], Menon &
Yazdani, 1968: 112)
Osteochilus sondhii Hora & Mukerji, 1934b: 359, fig. 2 (type
locality: Burma: Kengtung State: Salween River at
Takaw; holotype: ZSI F 11600/1, Menon & Yazdani,
1968: 114)
Labeo dyocheilus pakistanicus Mirza & Awan, 1976: 43,
fig. 2 (type locality: Pakistan: Punjab: Qadh Wala stream,
Son-Sakesar Valley; holotype: GCM F.8)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy partly follows Jayaram &
Dhas (2000: 49).
Labeo erythropterus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842
Deplocheilus Erythropterus van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 [trans-
lated in Alfred, 1961b: 86] (nomen nudum)
Diplocheilus erythropterus van Hasselt, 1824b: 376 (nomen
nudum)
Labeo erythropterus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 354 (Indonesia: Java: Bantam [or Bogor ?;
see below]; holotype [or lectotype, see below]: RMNH
D.2277, Roberts, 1993b: 16, 2007d: 302, fig. 1a)
? Cirrhina breviceps Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 293 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Bantam;
holotype: RMNH, lost, Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 238,
drawing by Valenciennes reproduced in Roberts, 1993b:
fig. 72)
Lobocheilos lucas Bleeker, 1857i: 362 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes [20, 90–93 mm
TL]: RMNH 6997 [1], 12072 [12], BMNH 1866.5.2.147
[1], ? NMV 46478 [1], 46479 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Labeo scabrosus Roberts, 1993b: 15 (not available, an un-
published manuscript name of Kuhl and van Hasselt)
? Labeobarbus seriatus Roberts, 1993b: 46 (not available,
an unpublished manuscript name of Kuhl and van Has-
selt)
Nomenclatural notes. Valenciennes (in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842: 354) described Labeo erythropterus on the basis
of a stuffed specimen he examined and drew in RMNH. The
coloration is described from a drawing sent by Kuhl and
van Hasselt [no longer extant]. If the specimen examined
by Valenciennes and the specimen figured by Kuhl & van
Hasselt is the same, then this specimen is the holotype. The
figure reproduced in Roberts (1993b: fig. 4; a copy of the
original drawing, prepared for Valenciennes) disagrees in
some details with the RMNH specimen (also illustrated in
Roberts, 1993b: figs. 5–6, 2007d: fig. 1a); most obvious is
the difference in the position of the pelvic-fin origin under
the dorsal-fin base. I consider that the drawing represents
the stuffed specimen and that the differences are probably
due to an accumulation of slight inaccuracies in the original
drawing, in the preparation of the copy (reproduced in Rob-
erts, 1993b) and in the preparation of the stuffed specimen.
The figured specimen is labelled as "Buitenzorg" [Bogor]
while the description says that the origin is Bantam [van
Hasselt, 1823c: 133 mentions only Buitenzorg].
But, the possibility remains that the specimen figured
by Kuhl and van Hasselt is not RMNH 2277. It could have
been discarded or used for preparing the skeleton RMNH
389. If this were the case, RMNH 2277 is not the holotype,
but should be considered to be lectotype by inference of a
holotype (Code art. 74.6) in Roberts (1993b: 16).
Labeo gonius (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus gonius Hamilton, 1822: 292, 387, pl. 4 fig. 82 (type
locality: India: "fresh water rivers and ponds of Ben-
gal"; types: NT)
Rohita lineata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 260 (type locality: Burma: Irrawaddy River [in
Rangoon; Bertin & Estève, 1948: 16]; holotype: MNHN
A.3560, Fang, 1942b: 166)
Labeo microlepidotus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842: 352 (type locality: Burma: Irrawaddy Riv-
er in Rangoon; holotype: MNHN 3383, Bertin & Es-
tève, 1948: 17)
? Rohita microlepidota Günther, 1861b: 225 (type locality:
Nepal; holotype: BMNH 1858.8.21.5, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Cyprinus gunea Hora, 1933: 135 (not available, name listed
in synonymy)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy partly follows Jayaram &
Dhas (2000: 11).
Labeo indramontri Smith, 1945
Labeo indramontri Smith, 1945: 251, fig. 46 (type locality:
Thailand: Bung Borapet; holotype: USNM 107964)
Taxonomic notes. A species whose identity has never been
critically reexamined.
Labeo nandina (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus nandina Hamilton, 1822: 300, 388, pl. 8 fig. 84
(type locality: India: "Mahananda River, and in the large
adjacent marshes or lakes which surround the ruins of
ancient Gaur" / Gorakhpur District; types: NT)
Nandina Hamiltonii Gray, 1831b: 8 (unnecessary replace-
ment name for Cyprinus nandina Hamilton, 1822: 300)
Catastomus filamentosus Swainson, 1839: 284 (unneces-
sary replacement name for Cyprinus nandina Hamilton,
1822: 300)
Cirrhinus macronotus M'Clelland, 1839: 265, 318, pl. 41
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Assam / Gorakhpur District;
syntypes: BMNH uncat. [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Labeo pierrei (Sauvage, 1880)
Lobochilus Pierrei Sauvage, 1880d: 233 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Bien Hoa Province: rapids on the Dung-nai [Dong
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
117
Nai]; holotype: MNHN A.4451, Sauvage, 1881a: pl. 5
fig. 2, Kottelat, 1984a: 802)
? Labeo yunnanensis Chaudhuri, 1911b: 14, pl. 1 fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Lake Tali Fu [probably errone-
ous]; holotype: ZSI F 4748/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 112)
? Osteochilus ochrus Fowler, 1935a: 118, figs. 56–57 (type
locality: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 61781,
Böhlke, 1984: 85)
? Labeo cheveyi Fowler, 1937: 205, figs. 173–174 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Me Poon [Mae Phun, a stream entering
Mae Nam Yom at 17°40'N 99°42'E; de Schauensee, 1946:
5; see Kottelat, 1990e: 207]; holotype: ANSP 68184,
Böhlke, 1984: 72)
Labeo pietschmanni Machan, 1930
Labeo pietschmanni Machan, 1930a: 67 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: market in Padang; holotype: NMW
15866, Kottelat et al., 1993: 36, fig. 118; also in Machan,
1930b: 426, fig. 1)
Taxonomic notes. Not recorded since the original descrip-
tion. Possibly based on cultivated stock or mislabelled ma-
terial.
*Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus rohita Hamilton, 1822: 301, 388, pl. 36 fig. 85
(type locality: India: Gangetic and Ava provinces; lecto-
type: specimen on which figure is based, designated by
Fricke, 1999a: 84)
Rohita Buchanani Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 251 (unnecessary replacement name for Cyprinus
rohita Hamilton, 1822: 301; material listed as syntypes
[MNHN 13, 3] by Bertin & Estève, 1948: 15 has no type
status)
Rohita Duvaucelii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 262, pl. 476 (type locality: not stated [India: Coro-
mandel; Bertin & Estève, 1948: 16]; holotype: MNHN
3576, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 16)
Labeo Dussumieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 350 (type locality: India: Calcutta; syntypes:
MNHN 3855 [2], Fang, 1942b: 166, Bertin & Estève,
1948: 17; simultaneous secondary homonym of Rohita
dussumieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 258 when placed in Rohita by Bleeker, 1860j: 114
and when the latter is placed in Labeo by Day, 1877:
538, first reviser [Bleeker, 1860j: 113, 114] gave prece-
dence to Rohita dussumieri)
Labeo fimbriatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 353 (type locality: India: Bengal; holotype: MNHN
3864, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 17; junior secondary hom-
onym of Cyprinus fimbriatus Bloch, 1795: 50 when
placed in Labeo by Day, 1878: 536)
Rohita Valenciennesi Bleeker, 1860j: 114 (replacement name
for Labeo dussumieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1842: 350)
Labeo horai Fowler, 1924b: 95, fig. 8 (type locality: India:
Sutlej River near Loodianali [Ludhiana]; holotype: MCZ
25961)
Cyprinus denticulatus Hora, 1933: 134 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Distribution notes. Introduced.
Labeo stolizkae Steindachner, 1870
? Labeo Stolizkae Steindachner, 1870c: 634 (type locality:
Burma: Moulmein; holotype: NMW 53600, Eschmeyer,
2010)
Labiobarbus van Hasselt, 1823
Labiobarbus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 [translated in Alfred,
1961b: 86] (type species: Dangila leptocheila Valenci-
ennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 234, by subse-
quent designation by Smith, 1945: 221; no available spe-
cies name originally included, first inclusion by Smith,
1945: 221–228 [not Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842: 235 as no species is explicitly included;
Code art. 67.2.2, 67.2.4]). Gender masculine.
Labeobarbus van Hasselt, 1824b: 377 (incorrect subsequent
spelling of Labiobarbus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132)
Dangila Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 229
(type species: Dangila leptocheila Valenciennes, in Cu-
vier & Valenciennes, 1842: 234, by subsequent designa-
tion by Bleeker, 1863e: 193, 1863m: 24; objective jun-
ior synonym of Labiobarbus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132).
Gender feminine.
Cyrene Heckel, 1843: 1024 (type species: Cyrene ocellata
Heckel, 1843: 1025, by subsequent designation by Jor-
dan, 1919a: 215; not a junior homonym of Cyrene
Schlüter, 1838: 34, which is an incorrect subsequent
spelling of Cyrena Lamark, 1818: 551 in Mollusca).
Gender feminine.
Labiobarbus fasciatus (Bleeker, 1853)
Dangila fasciata Bleeker, 1853f: 297 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Lampung Province: Pangabuang; holo-
type [232 mm TL]: ? RMNH 4967, Roberts, 1993b: 323)
Dangila taeniata Günther, 1868a: 38 (unnecessary replace-
ment name for Dangila fasciata Bleeker, 1853)
Labiobarbus festivus (Heckel, 1843)
Cyrene festiva Heckel, 1843: 1025 (type locality: Borneo;
holotype: NMW 52775, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Dangila festiva var. sternus-muscarum Vaillant, 1902: 87
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat:
Pontianak, Smitau [Semitau] and Sibau River; syntypes
[at least 7]: RMNH, MNHN)
Labiobarbus lamellifer Kottelat, 1995
Labiobarbus lamellifer Kottelat, 1995c: 427, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Ma-
hakam River, sandbank near Benanga, 0°07'S 115°46'E;
holotype: MZB 5904)
Taxonomic notes. Photographs of Figs. 1 and 2 of original
description have been erroneously interchanged by publisher.
Labiobarbus leptocheilus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1842)
Labiobarbus Leptocheïlus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 [trans-
lated in Alfred, 1961b: 86] (nomen nudum, Kottelat,
1987a: 370)
Labeobarbus leptocheilus van Hasselt, 1824b: 376 (nomen
nudum)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
118
Dangila leptocheila Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 234 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Batavia
[Jakarta]; syntypes [number not stated, size given is to
be understood as maximum size of species, not size of a
single individual]:
? RMNH 2109 [1], 2110 [1], Roberts,
1993b: 17 [not listed as types], ? RMNH 2532 [1], 2533
[1]
and specimen figured by Kuhl and van Hasselt)
Dangila Kuhlii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 231 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype:
MNHN, lost, Roberts, 1993b: 17, 1993a: 320; simulta-
neous subjective synonym of D. leptocheila, first revis-
er [Bleeker, 1863e: 193, 1863m: 46] gave precedence to
D. leptocheila)
Dangila Cuvieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 230, pl. 470 (type locality: probably Indonesia:
Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype: MNHN 3851, Bertin
& Estève, 1948: 13; simultaneous subjective synonym
of D. leptocheila, first reviser [Roberts, 1993a: 322] gave
precedence to D. leptocheila)
Cyrene philippinia Heckel, 1843: 1025 (type locality: Phil-
ippines [erroneous ?]; holotype: NMW 52774, Eschmey-
er, 2010)
? Dangila urostigma Bleeker, 1845: 513 (nomen nudum;
locality: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; autorship
attributed to Valenciennes, but Valenciennes did not pub-
lished this name)
Dangila sumatrana Bleeker, 1852r: 596 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Solok; holotype [185 mm TL]: BMNH
1866.5.2.220, Roberts, 1993a: 320)
Dangila Berdmorei Blyth, 1860b: 162 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Tenasserim Provinces; holotype: ZSI, Day, 1870b:
554)
Dangila lineata Sauvage, 1878b: 237 (type locality: "rap-
ids of Stung-Strang, Laos" [now Cambodia: Stung
Treng]; syntypes: MNHN 9544 [3], Kottelat, 1984a: 801)
Dangila Burmanica Day, 1877a: 546, pl. 131 fig. 2 (type
locality: Burma: Moulmein and Tavoy; syntypes: ? AMS
B.7854 [1], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 155, Ferraris et
al., 2000: 295)
Dangila rosea Popta, 1904: 193 (type locality: Indonesia:
Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bo River; syntypes: RMNH
7569 [2], Roberts, 1993a: 321; also in Popta, 1906: 85,
pl. 5 fig. 18)
Dangila koedjem Popta, 1904: 192 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Boelit River [Kapuas
drainage; Popta, 1906: 112]; holotype: RMNH 7566; also
in Popta, 1906: 81, pl. 5 fig. 17)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy from Roberts (1993a). Pos-
sibly includes several species. Rainboth et al. (2012: 46,
pls. 24–25) considered that L. lineatus is a distinct species.
Nomenclatural notes. Popta (1904, 1906) gave the catalo-
gue number of the holotype of S. koedjem as RMNH 7566.
Banarescu & Bianco (1984: 63) listed the holotype as RMNH
7567 instead of 7566. Roberts (1993: 323) listed RMNH
7566 as holotype, in which case the specimen with this num-
ber is not the holotype described by Popta. Roberts also
examined the specimen labelled RMNH 7567 and this spec-
imen is apparently the holotype of D. koedjem. It seems that
specimens 7566 (the holotype) and 7567 have been inter-
changed in 1984 or earlier.
Roberts identified the specimen RMNH 7567 (actually
7566, viz. the holotype of D. koedjem) as L. leptocheila;
D. koedjem is therefore listed here as a synonym of L. lep-
tocheila (instead of L. fasciatus as Roberts had concluded
on the basis of the specimen erroneously labelled RMNH
7566) (see discussion in Kottelat, 1995b: 418).
Labiobarbus ocellatus (Heckel, 1843)
Cyrene ocellata Heckel, 1843: 1025 (type locality: Borneo;
holotype: NMW 53113, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Dangila microlepis Bleeker, 1852r: 595 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [185 mm TL]:
RMNH 6987, Roberts, 1993a: 324)
Labiobarbus sabanus (Inger & Chin, 1962)
Dangila sabana Inger & Chin, 1962: 94, fig. 44 (type local-
ity: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kinabatangan District:
Danau Bukit Garam; holotype: FMNH 44778)
Labiobarbus siamensis (Sauvage, 1881)
Dangila siamensis Bleeker, 1864g: 35, 1864j: 175 (nomen
nudum), Peters, 1868b: 272 (nomen nudum), Martens,
1876: 401 (nomen nudum)
Dangila siamensis Sauvage, 1881a: 162, 176 (type locality:
Thailand: Petschaburi [Petchaburi] and Bangkok; syn-
types: MNHN 1872 [2], Kottelat, 1984a: 801)
Dangila spilopleura Smith, 1934: 307, pl. 10 (type locality:
Thailand: Hangkraben, off the Menam Chao Phya north of
Ayuttaya; holotype: KUMF 159, Monkolprasit, 1969: 5)
Laocypris Kottelat, 2000
Laocypris Kottelat, 2000a: 43 (type species: Laocypris hispi-
da Kottelat, 2000a: 43, by original designation). Gender
feminine.
Laocypris hispida Kottelat, 2000
Laocypris hispida Kottelat, 2000a: 43, fig. 10 (type locali-
ty: Laos: Saisomboun Special Zone: Houay Sala Yai, a
tributary of Nam San; 18°35'17"N 103°05'00"E; holo-
type: ZRC 45305)
Laubuka Bleeker, 1859
Laubuka Bleeker, 1859l: 261 (type species: Cyprinus lau-
buca Hamilton, 1822: 260, 384, by monotypy; Laubuca
Bleeker, 1860c: 438 and Lauuca Bleeker, 1863e: 215
are incorrect subsequent spellings). Gender feminine.
Allochela Silas, 1958: 64, 87 (subgenus of Chela Hamilton,
1822: 258; type species: Chela fasciata Silas, 1958: 87,
by original designation). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. Neochela is morphologically very dis-
tinct and I retain it as a distinct genus, instead of subgenus
of Laubuka (see comment in Pethiyagoda et al., 2008a: 20).
Nomenclatural notes. The spelling Laubuca has long been
used for this genus, based on Bleeker (1860c: 438). It has
often been noted that Bleeker (1859l: 261) also used the
spelling Laubuka. There has been uncertainties as to which
of these spellings appeared first. It is now established (Kot-
telat, 2011a: 83) that the 1859l paper appeared before the
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
119
1860c one (22 Dec 1859 vs. 14 Feb 1860) and therefore
Laubuka is the correct spelling. The spelling Laubuca can-
not be retained under Code art. 33.3.1, because this article
applies to a spelling (1) in prevailing usage, and (2) attrib-
uted to the publication of the original spelling. In recent
times, Laubuca has been too little used as a valid genus to
be deemed in prevailing usage; further, when using the spell-
ing Laubuca authors were referring it to the description by
Bleeker (1860c), not to that by Bleeker (1859l).
[Neochela Silas, 1958: 64: 92 (subgenus of Chela Hamilton, 1822: 258;
type species: Laubuca dadyburjori Menon, 1952: 2 [see Silas, 1958:
92, for spelling emendation], by original designation). Gender femi-
nine].
Laubuka caeruleostigmata Smith, 1931
Laubuca caeruleostigmata Smith, 1931a: 5, fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Mae Nam Chao Phraya below Nakhon
Sawan; holotype: USNM 90287)
Chela mouhoti Smith, 1945: 80, fig. 4 (type locality: Thai-
land: Pasak River at Pechabun; holotype: USNM
107959)
Laubuka laubuca (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus laubuca Hamilton, 1822: 260, 342, 384 (type lo-
cality: India: "ponds of the northern parts of Bengal";
types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in
M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 45 fig. 4)
Perilampus guttatus M'Clelland, 1839: 289, 394, pl. 45 fig. 4
[pl. 56 fig. 10] (unnecessary replacement name for Cy-
prinus laubuca Hamilton, 1822: 260)
? Perilampus perseus M'Clelland, 1839: 289, 395, pl. 46
fig. 5 (type locality: India: Assam; types: LU)
Perilampus fulvescens Blyth, 1860b: 163 (type locality:
Burma: Tenasserim; syntypes: ZSI [2], Day, 1870b: 559)
Danio menoni Barman, 1986: 602, fig. 1 (type locality: In-
dia: Andhra Pradesh: Mahbubnagar District: stream near
Mosampet village; holotype: ZSI FF 2282)
? Chela khujairokensis Arunkumar, 2000d: 122, fig. 1 (type
locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin drainage: Khujairok
stream, tributary of Yu River at Moreh, 110 km from
Imphal; holotype: MUMF 2010/1A)
? Laubuca brahmaputraensis Kulabtong, Suksri & Nonpa-
yom, 2012: 94, fig. 1 (type locality: Bangladesh:
Brahmaputra River; holotype: NIFI 4532)
Taxonomic notes. Myanmar material identified as L. lau-
buca is possibly a distinct species. In the original descrip-
tion, L. brahmaputraensis is compared only with a litera-
ture description of L. laubuca, which does not allow to un-
ambiguously distinguish it.
Laubuka siamensis Fowler, 1939
Laubuca siamensis Fowler, 1939b: 64, fig. 14 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: waterfall at Trang; holotype: ANSP 68496,
Böhlke, 1984: 90)
Leptobarbus Bleeker, 1859
Leptobarbus Bleeker, 1859l: 153 (type species: Barbus hoe-
venii Bleeker, 1851l: 207, by monotypy; also in Blee-
ker, 1860c: 435, without included species). Gender mas-
culine.
Filirasbora Fowler, 1937: 172 (type species: Filirasbora
rubripinna Fowler, 1937: 172, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Leptobarbus hoevenii (Bleeker, 1851)
Barbus Hoevenii Bleeker, 1851l: 207 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; lecto-
type: RMNH 7035, designated by Eschmeyer et al., 1998:
737)
Gnathopogon javanicus Bleeker, 1863m: pl. 103, fig. 9 [text:
1864a: 117] (type locality: Indonesia: Java: holotype [61
mm TL]: BMNH, Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 176; jun-
ior secondary homonym of Capoeta javanica Bleeker,
1855k: 412 when placed in Barbus by Günther, 1868a:
137; also in Bleeker, 1864i: 137)
Barbus aphya Günther, 1868a: 137 (replacement name for
Gnathopogon javanicus Bleeker, 1863m: pl. 103)
Leptobarbus hosii (Regan, 1906)
Barbus Hosii Regan, 1906c: 66 (type locality: Malaysia:
Borneo: Sarawak: Baram District; holotype: BMNH
1895.7.2.58, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Leptobarbus melanopterus Weber & de Beaufort, 1916
Leptobarbus melanopterus Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 97
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat:
Upper Kapuas at Selimbau; holotype: ZMA 114.963,
Nijssen et al., 1993: 214)
Leptobarbus melanotaenia Boulenger, 1894
Leptobarbus melanotaenia Boulenger, 1894a: 249 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Bongon; syntypes:
BMNH 1893.5.30.59–60 [2], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Leptobarbus rubripinna (Fowler, 1937)
Filirasbora rubripinna Fowler, 1937: 172, fig. 107 (type
locality: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP 68068,
Böhlke, 1984: 90)
Lobocheilos Bleeker, 1854
Lobocheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 1823c: 132
[translated in Alfred, 1961b: 86], 1824b: 376 (nomen
nudum, Kottelat, 1987a: 371; also spelt Labocheilus p.
133)
Lobocheilos Bleeker, 1854d: 520 (type species: Labeo fal-
cifer Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 358,
by subsequent designation by Bleeker, 1863e: 194,
1863m: 25). Gender masculine.
Gobionichthys Bleeker, 1859l: 145 (subgenus of Lobocheilos
Bleeker, 1854d: 520; type species: Gobio microcepha-
lus Bleeker, 1857i: 357, by subsequent designation by
Jordan, 1919b: 321). Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. Bleeker (1863e: 194, 1863m: 25)
designated Chondrostoma lipocheilos Valenciennes, 1844
as type species of Gobionichthys. This designation is not
valid because C. lipocheilos was not among the species orig-
inally included in the genus.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
120
Lobocheilos bo (Popta, 1904)
Tylognathus bo Popta, 1904: 199 (type locality: Indonesia:
Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bo River; lectotype: RMNH
7588 [1], designated by Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 243;
also in Popta, 1906: 116, pl. 7 fig. 26)
Tylognathus boïdes Popta, 1906: 119 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Kalimantan Timur: Bo River; holotype: RMNH
7588 [294 mm SL specimen, then 1 out of 3, 2 speci-
mens now RMNH 27676, Eschmeyer, 2010]; objective
junior synonym of Tylognathus bo Popta, 1904: 199)
Lobocheilos erinaceus Kottelat & Tan, 2008
Lobocheilos erinaceus Kottelat & Tan, 2008a: 30, fig. 4 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Danum Valley, stream
at km 111 on main line west after turnoff to Borneo Rain-
forest Lodge; 5°01'06"N 117°32'38"E; holotype: ZRC
51171)
Lobocheilos falcifer (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842)
Lobocheilus Falcifer Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt,
1823c: 133 [translated in Alfred, 1961b: 86], 1824b: 376
(nomen nudum; Kottelat, 1987a: 371)
Labeo falcifer Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 358 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Buitenzorg
[Bogor]; holotype or syntypes [2]: MNHN 3865 [1] [as
holotype, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 52, Roberts, 1993b:
17] and possibly one among RMNH 2482 [1], 2597 [3],
2614 [1], 1800 [1], 1801 [1], 1802 [1], 381 [1], 384 [1],
SMF 2570 [1], 2576 [1])
Labeo hispidus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 356 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Buitenzorg
[Bogor]; syntypes: RMNH and specimen on which is
based figure of Kuhl and van Hasselt, reproduced in
Roberts, 1993b: fig. 9; simultaneous subjective synonym
of Labeo falcifer Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 358, first reviser [Roberts, 1993b: 18] gave
precedence to L. falcifer)
Chondrostoma lipocheilos Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Va-
lenciennes, 1844: 400, pl. 513 (type locality: Indonesia:
Java; holotype: MNHN 1894, Bertin & Estève, 1948:
52, Roberts, 1993b: 17; spelt lipochailos on pl. 400, an
inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code
art. 32.5.1])
Gobio microcephalus Bleeker, 1857i: 357 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [71 mm TL]:
BMNH 1866.5.2.116, Eschmeyer, 2010)
? Barbus Hasseltii Bleeker, 1857i: 355 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Sadingwetan; holotype: specimen on which
is based figure by Kuhl and van Hasselt)
Gobio javanicus Bleeker, 1857i: 358 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes [more than 200,
41–72 mm TL]: RMNH 7004 [240], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Taxonomic notes. Roberts (1993b: 17) listed specimen
MNHN 3865 as holotype of Labeo falcifer. Valenciennes
(in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 360) explicitly stated that
MNHN has a specimen, and it seems that he based his de-
scription on this specimen. But the description of the color-
ation explicitly indicates that this is the fresh coloration,
information that Valenciennes could not have extracted from
his specimen. This information is most likely derived from
a figure by Kuhl and van Hasselt (not mentioned by Valen-
ciennes, but which we know to have existed (van Hasselt,
1823c: 132; possibly the source for the one reproduced in
Roberts, 1993b: fig. 8, with original caption "Lobocheilos
falcigerus", not L. falcifer). Unless it can be demonstrated
that specimen MNHN 3865 is also the specimen illustrated
on the figure on which Valenciennes based his colour de-
scription, this specimen cannot be considered to be the ho-
lotype, but as a syntype. The model(s) of the figure is prob-
ably among the RMNH material listed by Roberts.
Lobocheilos ixocheilos Kottelat & Tan, 2008
Lobocheilos ixocheilos Kottelat & Tan, 2008a: 38, fig. 7
(type locality: Indonesia: Sumatera Barat: Batang Hari
basin, Saturday market at Kiliran Jao, village along road
from Sungei Dareh to Solok; 0°53'29.0"S
101°21'43.0"E); holotype: MZB 10973)
Lobocheilos kajanensis (Popta, 1904)
Tylognathus kajanensis Popta, 1904: 198 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Kajan River; syn-
types [5]: RMNH 7587 [1], 27678 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010
[no lectotype designated; mention in Eschmeyer et al.,
1998: 823 does not constitute a lectotype designation as
there is an explicit negation of the intention]; also in
Popta, 1906: 112, pl. 7 fig. 25)
Lobocheilos lehat Bleeker, 1858
Lobocheilus lehat Bleeker, 1858g: 428 (name listed in syn-
onymy, available because used as valid before 1961,
Code art. 11.6.1; type locality: Indonesia: Java: Parongka-
long; lectotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.115 [1], designated by
Kottelat & Tan, 2008a: 41, fig. 9)
Lobocheilos melanotaenia (Fowler, 1935)
Tylognathus melanotaenia Fowler, 1935a: 122, figs. 65–66
(type locality: Thailand: Khao Nam Poo; holotype: ANSP
61502, Böhlke, 1984: 83)
? Tylognathus quadrilineatus Fowler, 1935a: 124, figs. 67–
68 (type locality: Thailand: Srisawat [Si Sawat, on Kh-
wae Yai, a branch of Mae Khlong, 94 miles north-north-
west of Ratchaburi; Smith, 1945: 26; 14°41'21"N
99°01'39"E]; holotype: ANSP 61791, Böhlke, 1984: 88;
simultaneous subjective synonym of T. melanotaenia
Fowler, 1935a: 122, first reviser [Kottelat, 2001c: 59]
gave precedence to T. melanotaenia)
? Tylognathus davisi Fowler, 1937: 208, figs. 179–180 (type
locality: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP 68201,
Böhlke, 1984: 74)
? Tylognathus Fowleri Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936b: 222 (type
locality: Vietnam: Annam: Ea Hléo, tributary of Srépok;
holotype: MNHN 1935-0332)
? Lobocheilus nigrovittatus Smith, 1945: 240, fig. 43 (type
locality: Thailand: Lam Tong Lang, eastern tributary of
Pasag [Pasak] River; holotype: USNM 109772)
Taxonomic notes. Rainboth et al. (2012: pl. 25) considered
L. davisi and L. quadrilineatus to be distinct species.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
121
Lobocheilos ovalis Kottelat & Tan, 2008
Lobocheilos ovalis Kottelat & Tan, 2008a: 42, fig. 10 (type
locality: Borneo: Brunei Darussalam: Temburong dis-
trict: Belalong basin, Sungai Sitam, about 7 rapids up-
stream of Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre; holo-
type: ZRC 49250)
Lobocheilos rhabdoura (Fowler, 1934)
Tylognathus rhabdoura Fowler, 1934a: 133, figs. 99–100
(type locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP
57683, Böhlke, 1984: 89)
? Tylognathus gracilis Fowler, 1937: 209, figs. 183–184
(type locality: Thailand: Me Poon [Mae Phun, a stream
entering Mae Nam Yom at 17°40'N 99°42'E; de Schau-
ensee, 1946: 5; see Kottelat, 1990e: 207]; holotype:
ANSP 68203, Böhlke, 1984: 77)
? Tylognathus trangensis Fowler, 1939b: 72, figs. 19–20
(type locality: Thailand: waterfall at Trang; holotype:
ANSP 68506, Böhlke, 1984: 93)
? Tylognathus Delacouri Pellegrin & Fang, 1940: 112, fig. 1
(type locality: Laos: Ban Nam Khueng, 30 km north-
west of Ban Houei Sai, about 6 km from Mekong; syn-
types: MNHN 1939-0173–0175 [15])
? Lobocheilus cornutus Smith, 1945: 242, fig. 44 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Klong Chawang, mountain stream east
of Bandon [Surat Thani]; holotype: USNM 107957)
? Lobocheilus cheveyi Smith, 1945: 245, fig. 45 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Mekong basin:
Mae Nam Mao, tributary of Mae Nam Fang; holotype:
USNM 107947)
? Lobocheilus thavili Smith, 1945: 247 (type locality: Thai-
land: Meklong at Rajaburi [Mae Khlong at Ratchaburi];
holotype: KUMF)
Lobocheilos schwanefeldii Bleeker, 1854
Lobocheilos Schwanenfeldii Bleeker, 1854d: 523 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Solok; syntypes [2, 95–212
mm TL]: RMNH ? 7002 [1], 10484 [1], Eschmeyer,
2010; inadvertent error for schwanefeldii, must be cor-
rected, Code art. 32.5.1)
Nomenclatural notes. See Kottelat (1999: 595) and above
for discussion of spelling of Barbonymus schwanefeldii,
which applies equally to Lobocheilos schwanefeldii.
Lobocheilos tenura Kottelat & Tan, 2008
Lobocheilos tenura Kottelat & Tan, 2008a: 49, fig. 12 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas
basin, Sungai Sekedam Besar, tributary of Sungai Sibau,
about 3 km upstream from Sungai Potan; 1°03'14"N
113°01'00"E; holotype: MZB 10974; proposed as noun
in apposition, indeclinable)
Lobocheilos terminalis Kottelat & Tan, 2008
Lobocheilos terminalis Kottelat & Tan, 2008a: 51, fig. 13
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kinabatangan
basin, Danau Biandum, Sungai Kinabatangan near Ka-
mpung Batu Puteh; holotype: ZRC 51175)
Lobocheilos unicornis Kottelat & Tan, 2008
Lobocheilos unicornis Kottelat & Tan, 2008a: 54, fig. 14
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Danum Valley,
stream at km 111 on main line west after turnoff to Borneo
Rainforest Lodge; 5°01'06"N 117°32'38"E; holotype:
ZRC 51177)
Longiculter Fowler, 1937
Longiculter Fowler, 1937: 162 (type species: Longiculter
siahi Fowler, 1937: 162, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Longiculter siahi Fowler, 1937
Longiculter siahi Fowler, 1937: 162, fig. 100 (type locality:
Thailand: Me Poon [Mae Phun, a stream entering Mae
Nam Yom at 17°40'N 99°42'E; de Schauensee, 1946: 5;
see Kottelat, 1990e: 207]; holotype: ANSP 68014,
Böhlke, 1984: 90)
Taxonomic notes. Only known from the two type speci-
mens, from Mae Phun.
Luciobrama Bleeker, 1870
Luciobrama Bleeker, 1870c: 253 (type species: Luciobra-
ma typus Bleeker, 1871b: 51, by subsequent monotypy
in Bleeker, 1871b: 51). Gender feminine.
? Luciobrama macrocephala (La Cepède, 1803)
Synodus macrocephalus La Cepède, 1803: 321, pl. 9 fig. 1
(type locality: China; types: specimen[s] on which
figure[s] is based)
Luciobrama typus Bleeker, 1871b: 51, pl. 1 fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: China: ? Yangtze River; holotype: MNHN 5080,
Bertin & Estève, 1948: 68)
Luciobrama longiceps Pellegrin, 1907: 501 (type locality:
Vietnam: Hanoi; holotype: MNHN 1907-0284)
Luciocyprinus Vaillant, 1904
Luciocyprinus Vaillant, 1904b: 299 (type species: Luciocy-
prinus langsoni Vaillant, 1904b: 299, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Fustis Lin, 1932c: 517 (type species: Fustis vivus Lin, 1932c:
517, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Luciocyprinus striolatus Cui & Chu, 1986
Luciocyprinus striolatus Cui & Chu, 1986: 81, fig. 2B (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Menglun,
21°55'N 101°10'E; holotype: KIZ 7890576)
Luciosoma Bleeker, 1855
Luciosoma Bleeker, 1855h: 263 (type species: Barbus seti-
gerus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:
203, by subsequent designation by Bleeker, 1863e: 204,
1863m: 29). Gender neuter.
Trinematichthys Bleeker, 1859l: 153 (subgenus of Lucioso-
ma Bleeker, 1855h: 263; type species: Leuciscus trine-
ma Bleeker, 1852r: 600, by monotypy). Gender mascu-
line.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
122
Luciosoma bleekeri Steindachner, 1879
Luciosoma Bleekeri Steindachner, 1878: 156 (nomen nu-
dum)
Luciosoma Bleekeri Steindachner, 1879c: 391 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: "Meinam-Fluss bei Bangkok" [Mae Nam
Chao Phraya near Bangkok]; syntypes: NMW 50799 [4],
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Luciosoma Harmandi Sauvage, 1880d: 231 (type locality:
Laos; holotype: MNHN A.2398, Kottelat, 1984a: 803)
Luciosoma pellegrinii Popta, 1905
Luciosoma Pellegrinii Popta, 1905a: 178 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Bo River; lectotype: RMNH 7625,
designated by Banarescu, 1991: 36, fig. 8; also in Popta,
1906: 169, pl. 9 fig. 38)
Luciosoma setigerum (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1842)
Barbus setigerus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 203, pl. 469 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Pébak
River; holotype: RMNH, lost, Roberts, 1993b: 18)
Barbus podonemus Bleeker, 1849h: 18 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Kalimas River [Brantas] in Surabaya; syn-
types [up to 172 mm TL]: LU [Bleeker, 1860k: 414 men-
tioned that all his specimens were lost but it is not clear
whether he meant all the specimens on which he based
his redescription, or also the types)
Luciosoma Weberii Popta, 1905a: 177 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Boelit River [Kapuas
drainage; Popta, 1906: 112]; syntypes: RMNH 27682
[1], 7624 [1, not holotype as stated by Banarescu, 1991:
fig. 6], Eschmeyer, 2010; also in Popta, 1906: 166, pl. 9
fig. 37)
Luciosoma spilopleura Bleeker, 1855
Luciosoma spilopleura Bleeker, 1855h: 265 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Lahat; holotype [108 mm TL]:
BMNH 1866.5.2.97, Alfred, 1963a: 132)
Luciosoma trinema (Bleeker, 1852)
Leuciscus trinema Bleeker, 1852r: 600 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [175 mm TL]:
BMNH 1866.5.2.98, Alfred, 1963a: 132)
Macrochirichthys Bleeker, 1859
Macrochirichthys Bleeker, 1859c: 386 (type species: Leu-
ciscus uranoscopus Bleeker, 1850i: 14, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Macrochirichthys macrochirus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier
& Valenciennes, 1844)
Leuciscus macrochirus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1844: 348 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holo-
type: RMNH 3338, Roberts, 1993b: 18, fig. 10)
Leuciscus uranoscopus Bleeker, 1850i: 14 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin;
holotype [320 mm TL]: RMNH 7494, Alfred, 1963a: 129
['cotypes' listed by Bertin & Estève, 1948: 81 have no
type
status as they are too small and from Sumatra and Java])
Chela macrochir Günther, 1868a: 338 (erroneous subsequent
spelling of Leuciscus macrochirus Valenciennes, in Cu-
vier & Valenciennes, 1844: 348)
Macrochirichthys snyderi Fowler, 1905a: 487, fig. 7 (type
locality: Borneo [Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram;
Böhlke, 1984: 91]; holotype: ANSP 57558 [ex WIAP
13931], Böhlke, 1984: 91)
Macrocheirichthys laosensis Fowler, 1934a: 112, fig. 64
(type locality: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Mekong
River at Chiang Sen; holotype: ANSP 57510, Böhlke,
1984: 80)
Malayochela Banarescu, 1968
Malayochela Banarescu, 1968d: 59 (subgenus of Chela
Hamilton, 1822: 258; type species: Eustira maassi We-
ber & de Beaufort, 1912a, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Malayochela maassi (Weber & de Beaufort, 1912)
Eustira Maassi Weber & de Beaufort, 1912a: 531, pl. 11
fig. 4 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Gunung Sa-
hilan, Kampar Kiri River; holotype: ZMA 110.111, Nijs-
sen et al., 1993: 214)
Megalobrama Dybowski, 1872
Megalobrama Dybowski, 1872: 212 (type species: Mega-
lobrama skolkovii Dybowski, 1872: 213, by monotypy
[M. carinatus explicitly listed as variety of M. skolkovii
and therefore Code art. 68.3 applies]). Gender feminine.
Parosteobrama Tchang, 1930b: 50 (type species: Parosteo-
brama pellegrini Tchang, 1930b: 50, by monotypy).
Gender feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. Eschmeyer (1990: 239) considers that
two species were originally included in Megalobrama and
that M. skoldovii is type species by subsequent designation
by Jordan (1919b: 364). Dybowski explicitly listed M. cari-
natus as a variety of M. skoldovii. Code art. 68.3 states that
if a single species is included it is type species by monoty-
py, regardless of any cited subspecies. This applies in the
present case as the variety has to be treated as a subspecies
(Code art. 45.6).
[Megalobrama Skolkovii Dybowski, 1872: 213 (type locality: Russia: mid-
dle and lower course of Amur River, Ussuri, Sungari and Chanka;
syntypes: ? IZPAN 6114 [2], Sinicyn, 1900: 48, ZMB 7938 [1], Boguts-
kaya & Naseka, 2004: 59].
Megalobrama terminalis (Richardson, 1846)
Abramis terminalis Richardson, 1846a: 294 (type locality:
China: Canton; holotype: specimen on which is based
Reeves's unpublished drawing, reproduced in Whitehead,
1970a: 209, pl. 12c)
Megalobrama hoffmanni Herre & Myers, 1931: 241 (type
locality: China: "doubtless from the vicinity" [of Can-
ton] [Guangzhou]; holotype: CAS-SU 24220, Böhlke,
1953: 33)
Mekongina Fowler, 1937
Mekongina Fowler, 1937: 200 (type species: Mekongina
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
123
erythrospila Fowler, 1937: 200, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Species inquirenda et incertae sedis
Mekongina bibarba Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001
Mekongina bibarba Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 458, fig. 229 (type locality: Vietnam: Kon Tum
Province: ["central highlands"]: Sesan River, Yaly Res-
ervoir; holotype: NCNTTSI H.01.86.01.01)
Mekongina erythrospila Fowler, 1937
Mekongina erythrospila Fowler, 1937: 200, figs. 161–162
(type locality: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP
68158, Böhlke, 1984: 75)
Mekongina lancangensis Yang, Chen & Yang, 2008
Mekongina lancangensis Yang, Chen & Yang, 2008: 2006,
fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: a tributary of Lan-
cang [Mekong] in Mengla County; holotype: KIZ
96060478)
Metzia Jordan & Thompson, 1914
Metzia Jordan & Thompson, 1914: 227 (type species: Achei-
lognathus mesembrinum Jordan & Evermann, 1902: 323,
by original designation). Gender feminine.
Rasborinus Oshima, 1920: 130 (type species: Rasborinus
takakii Oshima, 1920: 130, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
? Metzia alba (Nguyen, 1991)
Rasborinus albus Nguyen [T. T.], 1991: 14 (type locality:
Vietnam: Nghe Tinh Province: Nghia Dan District:
Nghia Lien; holotype: VUP H.L.0.5)
Metzia bounthobi Shibukawa, Phousavanh, Phongsa &
Iwata, 2012
Metzia bounthobi Shibukawa, Phousavanh, Phongsa & Iwa-
ta, 2012: 265, figs. 1–2 (type locality: Laos: Luang Pha-
bang Province: Nyoi District: Sopvan, Mekong drain-
age; 20°36.5'N 102°39.1'E; holotype: NIFI 4680)
? Metzia hautus (Nguyen, 1991)
Rasborinus hautus Nguyen, 1991 [T. T.]: 14 (type locality:
Vietnam: Nghe Tinh Province: Thanh Chuong District:
Dong Van; holotype: VUP D.v.75 [hautus treated as noun
in apposition; Kottelat, 2001a: 28])
Metzia formosae (Oshima, 1920)
Rasborinus formosae Oshima, 1920: 131, pl. 3 fig. 1 (type
locality: Taiwan: Taihoku: small pond near Manka; ho-
lotype: ANSP 49952, Banarescu, 1971a: 12, Ho & Shao,
2011: 30 [invalid lectotype designation])
Ishikauia hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927: 374, fig. 38
(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH
8390; potentially junior secondary homonym of Rasbori-
nus hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927: 377 if both are
treated as valid and congeneric)
Metzia fanlingensis Lin, 1939: 130, fig. 2 (type locality:
Hong Kong: New Territory: Fanling; holotype: CAS-SU
34382, Böhlke, 1953: 33)
Rasborinus Yaii Harada, 1943: 37, pl. 13 figs. 43–44 (type
locality: China: Hainan: Jinghu Lake; syntypes: LU)
Taxonomic notes. May represent a distinct genus.
Metzia lineata (Pellegrin, 1883)
? Clupea huae Tirant, 1883: 98 (type locality: Vietnam: riv-
er of Hué; syntypes ?: MGHNL 42000038 [4, ex 3651],
Kottelat, 1987c: 12, fig. 5)
Ischikauia lineata Pellegrin, 1907: 502 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Tonkin [northern Vietnam]; syntypes: MNHN
1907-0300–0301 [2], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 82)
Rasborichthys altior Regan, 1913b: 394 (type locality: Sin-
gapore; syntypes: BMNH 1913.3.6.9–10 [2], 1912.3.2.1
[1, Banarescu, 1971a: 15 as holotype; listed as lectotype
by Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 79, but explicitly not a lecto-
type designation])
Rasborinus hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927: 377, fig. 40
(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH
8382)
? Clupeoides huëensis Chevey, 1932a: 9 (unjustified emen-
dation of Clupea huae Tirant, 1883: 98; also in Chevey,
1934: 37, 113, 209)
Taxonomic notes. Earlier considered to be a junior syn-
onym of M. mesembrinum, which is now considered to be
valid and endemic to Taiwan (Chen & Fang, 2002: 73; Gan
et al., 2009: 59). The M. mesembrinum of Chinese authors
is probably an assemblage of several species (Gan et al.,
2009: 59).
[Acheilognathus mesembrinum Jordan & Evermann, 1902: 323, fig. 6 (type
locality: Taiwan: Kotosho [Botel Tobago or Lan-yu Island] [errone-
ous, should be: Taiwan: Suwata, Suwo Bay; Myers 1934: 43]; holo-
type: CAS-SU 7130, Böhlke, 1953: 29)].
Microphysogobio Mori, 1934
Microphysogobio Mori, 1933a: 114 (no type species desig-
nated, not available; Code art. 13.3)
Microphysogobio Mori, 1934: Japanese p. 9, English p. 39
(type species: Microphysogobio hsinglungshanensis
Mori, 1934: Japanese p. 19, English p. 40, by monoty-
py). Gender masculine.
Rostrogobio Taranetz, 1937: 114 (type species: Rostrogo-
bio amurensis Taranetz, 1937: 114, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Huigobio Fang, 1938a: 239 (type species: Huigobio chen-
hsienensis Fang, 1938a: 239, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Rostrogobio and Huigobio are treated as
synonyms of Microphysogobio, following Bogutskaya &
Naseka (2004: 67) and Jiang et al. (2012: 216).
Nomenclatural notes. Microphysogobio koreensis Mori,
1935: 173 is commonly listed as type species of Microphy-
sogobio. It was not an available name at the time of the origi-
nal description of Microphysogobio, and therefore it cannot
be the type species.
[Microphysogobio koreensis Mori, 1935: 173, pl. 13 figs. 3–4 (type local-
ity: Korea: South Chösen: Rakuto River at Ei-yo; holotype: Prepara-
tory Department of Keijo Imperial University)].
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
124
Species inquirenda
Rostrogobio nikolskii Dao & Mai, 1959: 7 [? fig. 6] (type
locality: Vietnam: Ben Yai Province: Ngoi Thia, a tribu-
tary of Red River; syntypes: ? DVZUT, ZMMUS 9451,
Svetovidova, 1978: 260; figure apparently not published)
Microphysogobio chinssuensis (Nichols, 1926)
Pseudogobio chinssuensis Nichols, 1926: 3, fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: China. Shansi: Chin-ssu [Shanxi: ? Qingxu Xian];
holotype: AMNH 8446)
Distribution notes. Zhao & Zhang (2001b: 340) and Zhou &
Zhang (2006: 218) record the species from southern Shi Wan
Da Shan range, southern Guangxi, China. The species is
otherwise recorded only from Huanghe drainage in north-
ern China (Chen 1998a: 346, 498) and the identification
requires confirmation.
Microphysogobio fukiensis (Nichols, 1926)
Pseudogobio fukiensis Nichols, 1926b: 5, fig. 4 (type local-
ity: China: Fukien [Fujian]; holotype: AMNH 8477)
Pseudogobio bicolor Nichols, 1930: 1, fig. 1 (type locality:
China: northeastern Kiangsi: Hokou; holotype: AMNH
9678)
Distribution notes. Recorded in area from Shi Wan Da Shan
(Guangxi, China) by Zhao & Zhang (2001b).
Microphysogobio kachekensis (Oshima, 1926)
Pseudogobio kachekensis Oshima, 1926: 13 (type locality:
China: Hainan: Kachek River near Kachek and about 40
miles above Kachek; syntypes: LU [3])
Pseudogobio labeoides Nichols & Pope, 1927: 357, fig. 23
(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH
8372, Banarescu & Nalbant, 1966b: pl. 4 figs. 13–14,
pl. 5 fig. 15)
Microphysogobio pseudoelongatus Zhao & Zhang, 2001
Microphysogobio pseudoelongatus Zhao & Zhang, 2001a:
589, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Fangcheng
County: Fangcheng basin in Dalu; 21°52'N 108°07'E;
holotype: ASIZB 70974)
Microphysogobio tungtingensis (Nichols, 1926)
Pseudogobio tungtingensis Nichols, 1926a: 4, fig. 4 (type
locality: China: Hunan: Huping, Tungting Lake; holo-
type: AMNH 8447)
? Microphysogobio vietnamicus (Mai, 1978)
Microphysogobio vietnamica Mai, 1978: 199, fig. 91 (type
locality: northern Vietnam; holotype: DVZUT)
Microphysogobio yunnanensis (Yao & Yang, in Wu, 1977)
Abbottina yunnanensis Yao & Yang, in Wu, 1977: 527, pl. 9-
65 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yuanjiang [Red Riv-
er] and Hekou; syntypes: IHB 64-5-480, 486, 487, 492,
494–496, 499, 0063, 64-4-0132, 136, 296, 638, 648, 649,
654 [16])
Microphysogobio buas Mai, 1978: 198, fig. 90 (type local-
ity: Vietnam: Bua River; syntypes: DVZUT)
Microdevario Fang, Norén, Liao, Källersjö & Kullander,
2009
Microdevario Fang, Norén, Liao, Källersjö & Kullander,
2009: 247 (type species: Microrasbora kubotai Kotte-
lat & Witte, 1999: 51, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Microdevario gatesi (Herre, 1934)
Microrasbora gatesi Herre, 1939a: 159 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Rangoon, pond near Judson College; holotype: CAS-
SU 33897–33898 [1 of 18], Böhlke, 1953: 33)
Microdevario kubotai (Kottelat & Witte, 1999)
Microrasbora kubotai Kottelat & Witte, 1999: 51, figs. 4–5
(type locality: Thailand: Ranong Province: Khlong Phrae
Sai at Ban Kreo Noi, km 8 on road branching east, 32
km north of Ranong on road to Krabi; 10°09'51"N
98°41'11"E; holotype: ZRC 43427)
Microdevario microphthalmus (Jiang, Chen & Yang,
2008)
Microrasbora microphthalma Jiang, Chen & Yang, 2008:
300, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Longchuan
County: Nanwan River (a tributary of upper Irrawad-
dy), 1 km from Simenkan village, Qingping Township,
24°16'32.5"N 97°54'06.6"E; holotype: KIZ 2006003337)
Microdevario nanus (Kottelat & Witte, 1999)
Microrasbora nana Kottelat & Witte, 1999: 52, figs. 5–6
(type locality: Myanmar: Sittang River basin: Kyauk Tan
Chaung stream, 2.5 km from Daik U (4th and last bridge),
65.5 km on road from Bago to Toungoo; holotype: ZRC
43429)
Microrasbora Annandale, 1918
Microrasbora Annandale, 1918: 50 (type species: Micro-
rasbora rubescens Annandale, 1918: 50, by original des-
ignation). Gender feminine.
Microrasbora rubescens Annandale, 1918
Microrasbora rubescens Annandale, 1918: 50, pl. 2 fig. 3,
pl. 4 fig. 13 (type locality: Burma: Southern Shan States:
Lake Inle and Heho plains; holotype: ZSI F 9386/1)
Nomenclatural notes. Annandale (1918: 51) explicitly des-
ignated a holotype; the specimens listed as syntypes by
Menon & Yazdani (1968) apparently are paratypes.
Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1881
Myloleucus Günther, 1873b: 247 (type species: Leuciscus
aethiops Basilewsky, 1855: 233, by original designation;
junior homonym of Myloleucus Cope, 1872: 475 in Pis-
ces). Gender masculine.
Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1881c: 925 (type species: Leu-
ciscus aethiops Basilewsky, 1855: 233, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Myloleuciscus Garman, 1912: 116 (type species: Myloleu-
ciscus atripinnis Garman, 1912: 116, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
125
Myloleucops Cockerell, 1913: 136 (replacement name for
Myloleucus Günther, 1873b: 247; objective junior syn-
onym of Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1881c: 925). Gen-
der masculine.
Leucisculus Oshima, 1920: 128 (type species: Leucisculus
fuscus Oshima, 1920: 129, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846)
Leuciscus piceus Richardson, 1846a: 298 (type locality:
China: Canton; holotype: specimen on which is based
Reeves' unpublished drawing, reproduced in Whitehead,
1970a: 210, pl. 18b)
Leuciscus Aethiops Basilewsky, 1855: 233, pl. 6 fig. 1 (type
locality: China: streams near Tianjin and Beijing, drain-
ing to Gulf of Tschili; syntypes: ZISP 5900 [1], ? BMNH
1873.7.30.92–93 [2], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Leuciscus dubius Bleeker, 1864m: 19 (nomen nudum)
Barbus tonkinensis Sauvage, 1884a: 211, pl. 7 fig. 3 (type
locality: Vietnam: surroundings of Hanoï; holotype:
MNHN)
Myloleuciscus atripinnis Garman, 1912: 116 (type locality:
China: Hupeh: Shasi [erroneous; 100 mi below Ichang
[Hubei: Ychang, 30°43'N 111°17'N]; catalogue data];
holotype: MCZ 29817)
Leucisculus fuscus Oshima, 1920: 129, pl. 5 fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Taiwan: Ako [Pingtung]; holotype: ANSP 49950
[missing], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Mystacoleucus Günther, 1868
Mystacoleucus Günther, 1868a: 206 (type species: Capoeta
padangensis Bleeker, 1852r: 593, by monotypy [although
Günther mentioned "the type of the genus", he does not
refer to it by name, so this is not considered to be an
original designation]). Gender masculine.
Acanthonotus Day, 1888a: 807 (type species: Acanthonotus
argenteus Day, 1888a: 807, by monotypy; junior hom-
onym of Acanthonotus Cuvier, 1800: tab. 3 [not nomen
nudum, characters mentioned in key], Acanthonotus
Schneider, 1801: 390 in Pisces, Acanthonotus Goldfuss,
1809: 308 in Mammalia, Acanthonotus Gray, 1830
[6 Jan]: vol. 1, pl. 85 fig. 1 or 1831: 8 in Pisces, etc.).
Gender masculine.
Matsya Day, 1889: 292 (type species: Acanthonotus argen-
teus Day, 1888a: 807, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. The authorship of Acanthonotus is
usually given as Tickell, in Day (1888). Day (1888: 779)
explicitly stated that he had seen Tickell's unpublished draw-
ings and descriptions, but he nowhere stated that the pub-
lished descriptions are written by Tickell. All descriptions
clearly are in the format and style Day used throughout his
book and he is thus the author. His mention of Tickell as
author of the name simply follows the then usual practice of
listing as author the person who coined the name. Under
today's nomenclature rules, the author is the person who
fulfills the conditions making the name available, hence Day.
Eschmeyer (1990: 238) considered that Matsya Day,
1889 is a replacement name for Acanthonotus Day, 1888,
but as Day explicitly indicated "gen. nov." and nowhere
mentioned that it is a replacement name, therefore, formal-
ly, Matsya is not a replacement name.
Mystacoleucus argenteus (Day, 1888)
Acanthonotus argenteus Day, 1888a: 807 (type locality:
Burma: Tenasserim District; syntypes: NT)
Nomenclatural notes. See under Mystacoleucus for com-
ments on authorship of names usually attributed to Tickell,
in Day (1888).
Mystacoleucus atridorsalis Fowler, 1937
Mystacoleucus atridorsalis Fowler, 1937: 176, figs. 112–
113 (type locality: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP
68084, Böhlke, 1984: 69)
Mystacoleucus chilopterus Fowler, 1935
Mystacoleucus chilopterus Fowler, 1935a: 112, fig. 46 (type
locality: Thailand: Srisawat [Si Sawat, on Khwae Yai, a
branch of Mae Khlong, 94 miles north-northwest of
Ratchaburi; Smith, 1945: 26; 14°41'21"N 99°01'39"E];
holotype: ANSP 61785, Böhlke, 1984: 73)
Mystacoleucus ectypus Kottelat, 2000
Mystacoleucus ectypus Kottelat, 2000a: 44, fig. 11 (type
locality: Laos: Vientiane Province: Nam Mang down-
stream of Ban Thabok, between 18°22'25"N 103°13'30"E
and about 1 km upstream; holotype: ZRC 45306)
Mystacoleucus greenwayi Pellegrin & Fang, 1940
Mystacoleus Greenwayi Pellegrin & Fang, 1940: 114, fig. 2
(type locality: Laos: Ban Nam Khueng, 30 km north-
west of Ban Houei Sai, about 6 km from Mekong; syn-
types: MNHN 1939-0183–0186 [7])
Mystacoleucus lepturus Huang, 1979
Mystacoleucus lepturus Huang, 1979: 419, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla Coun-
ty: Manzhuo; holotype: KIZ 736074)
Mystacoleucus obtusirostris (Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1842)
Barbus obtusirostris Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt,
1823c: 132 [translated in Alfred, 1961b: 85], 1824b: 375
(nomen nudum; Kottelat, 1987a: 370)
Barbus obtusirostris Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 167 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Buiten-
zorg [Bogor]; syntypes: ? RMNH 2102, 391, MNHN
4303, Eschmeyer, 2010, Kottelat, 2000d: 84)
Barbus marginatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 164 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Tjicani-
gui River [Cikaniki, in Bogor] and Sijira River [? Cijeruk,
near Bogor]; syntypes: ? MNHN 4303, Kottelat, 2000d:
84; simultaneous subjective synonym of Barbus obtusi-
rostris Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:
167, first reviser [Bleeker, 1864a: 107] gave precedence
to B. obtusirostris; as obtusirostris has been used as a
valid name after 1900 [Barbodes obtusirostris of Jordan
& Seale, 1907a: 538], precedence cannot be reversed
under Code art. 23.9)
Puntius siamensis Sauvage, 1883b: 152 (type locality: Thai-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
126
land: Mé-Nam [Mae Nam Chao Phraya]; syntypes:
MNHN A.5058 [1, listed as A.5056, holotype, in Kotte-
lat, 1984a: 805], A.5106 [1], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 50)
Mystacoleucus padangensis (Bleeker, 1852)
Capoeta padangensis Bleeker, 1852r: 593 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Padang; holotype [103 mm TL]:
RMNH 4949 or ? BMNH 1960.3.9.1, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Nematabramis Boulenger, 1894
Nematabramis Boulenger, 1894a: 249 (type species: Nema-
tabramis everetti Boulenger, 1894a: 250, by monotypy).
Gender feminine.
Mearnsella Seale & Bean, 1907: 231 (type species: Mearn-
sella alestes Seale & Bean, 1907: 231, by original des-
ignation). Gender feminine.
Nematabramis alestes (Seale & Bean, 1907)
Mearnsella alestes Seale & Bean, 1907: 231, fig. 2 (type
locality: Philippines: Mindanao: Zamboanga; holotype:
USNM 57841, Banarescu, 1971b: 109)
Nematabramis verecundus Herre, 1924a: 1568 (nomen nu-
dum)
Nematabramis verecundus Herre, 1924b: 259 (type locali-
ty: Philippines: Mindanao: Lanao Province: Titunod Riv-
er, Kolambugan; holotype: BSM, lost)
Nematabramis borneensis Inger & Chin, 1962
Nematabramis alestes borneensis Inger & Chin, 1962: 47
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kota Belud
District: Kota Belud; holotype: FMNH 44791)
Nematabramis everetti Boulenger, 1894
Nematabramis Everetti Boulenger, 1894a: 250 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Bongon River; lectotype:
BMNH
1893.5.30.61, designated by Banarescu, 1971b: 104)
Nematabramis steindachnerii Popta, 1905
Nematabramis Steindachnerii Popta, 1905a: 179 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kajan; lectotype: RMNH 7628
[1 of 4], designated by Banarescu, 1971b: 105, fig. 1;
also in Popta, 1906: 176, pl. 10 fig. 39)
Neobarynotus Banarescu, 1980
Neobarynotus Banarescu, 1980b: 475 (type species: Capoeta
microlepis Bleeker, 1851l: 206, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Neobarynotus microlepis (Bleeker, 1851)
Capoeta microlepis Bleeker, 1851l: 206 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; ho-
lotype: RMNH 7000 [135 mm TL], Banarescu, 1980b:
472, fig. 2)
Neolissochilus Rainboth, 1985
Lissochilus Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 167 (type species:
Lissochilus sumatranus Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 169,
by subsequent designation by Jordan, 1920: 561; junior
homonym of Lissochilus Zittel, 1883: 200 in Gastropo-
da and Lissochilus Fischer, 1887: 807 in Gastropoda).
Gender masculine.
Neolissochilus Rainboth, 1985: 26 (type species: Barbus
stracheyi Day, 1871b: 307, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Neolissochilus baoshanensis (Chen & Yang, in Chen,
Yang & Chen, 1999)
Barbodes baoshanensis Chen & Yang, in Chen, Yang &
Chen, 1999: 85, fig. 3 (type locality: China: Yunnan:
Baoshan; holotype: KIZ 839345)
Neolissochilus benasi (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
Crossochilus Benasi Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936b: 226, fig. 4
(type locality: Vietnam: Laokay Province: Muong Hum
[22°31'45"N 103°42'42"E], Ngoi Pho Tao River, Red
River drainage; lectotype: MNHN 1935.338, by present
designation [listed as holotype by Bertin & Estève, 1948:
54])
Crossochilus namlenensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969:
3, 11, 16, 18 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province
[now Dien Bien Province]: Tuan Giao District
[21°35'15"N 103°25'10"E]: Nam Len stream [Song Ma
drainage]; syntypes [3]: NCNTTSI H.01.59.59.01 –
H.01.59.01.03, lost, Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 290,
Nguyen [V. H.], in Roberts & Catania, 2007: 90; neo-
type designation by Roberts & Catania, 2007: 90 invalid
because need not stated, Code art. 75.3.1; spelt namldn-
ensis p. 11, first reviser [Kottelat, 2001b: 118] retained
namlenensis as correct original spelling; original figure
first published in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 289, fig.
137, again in Nguyen [V. H.], 2007: 79, fig. 5; transla-
tion in Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 2007: 69)
Crossocheilus benasi vuha Nguyen [T. T.], Nguyen & Le,
1999: 26 (nomen nudum)
Crossocheilus benasi vuha Nguyen [T. T.] & Le, in Eve et
al., 2000: 49 (nomen nudum; locality: Vietnam: Ha Tinh
Province: Vu Quang Nature Reserve: Huong Tho guard
station)
Taxonomic notes. The fish figured by Roberts & Catania
(2007: 88, fig. 3) as Neolissochilus benasi does not have the
colour pattern of that species, but seems to be Spinibarbus
vittatus.
Nomenclatural notes. Crossochilus namlenensis Nguyen
[V. H.] & Doan, 1969 was described on the basis of 3 spec-
imens, 40–50 mm SL. Three specimens 40–50 mm SL,
NCNTTSI H.01.59.59.01–03, collected on 8 November
1965 [1969 on p. 288] are listed by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 290; they have the same locality data as given in the
original description and apparently are the syntypes. These
specimens are lost (Nguyen [V. H.], in Roberts & Catania,
2007: 90). Roberts & Catania (2007: 90) designated as neo-
type the model of figure 4 (a syntype of C. benasi) in Pelle-
grin & Chevey (1936b: 226), making C. namlenensis a ob-
jective junior synonym of C. benasi. They did not search
which of the syntypes had been figured by Pellegrin & Che-
vey. This specimen is MNHN 1935-338 (R. Causse, pers.
comm.) and is made lectotype by present designation.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
127
Roberts & Catania (2007: 90, 94) did not state expressly
the need for a neotype designation, and therefore the desig-
nation is invalid (Code art. 75.3). In fact they even stated
that there is "strong likelihood that this nominal species is
the same as Neolissochilus benasi", negating the need of
the neotype designation. The fish fauna of the area of Viet-
nam where the two species have been obtained is still poorly
surveyed (or at least poorly reported) and since the respec-
tive type localities are in distant and unconnected drainages,
it seems premature to make the name C. namlenensis disap-
pear. Future surveys may show that the Neolissochilus of
these two drainages are not conspecific. It will then be early
enough to designate a neotype, if justified. Neolissochilus
benasi was described from the Red River drainage and
C. namlenensis from the Song Ma, which enters the Gulf of
Tonkin South of the estuary of the Red River.
Neolissochilus blanci (Pellegrin & Fang, 1940)
Barbus Blanci Pellegrin & Fang, 1940: 115, fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Ban Nam Khueng, 30 km northwest of Ban
Houei Sai, about 6 km from Mekong; syntypes: MNHN
1939-0203–0205 [3])
Neolissochilus blythii (Day, 1870)
Barbus blythii Day, 1870b: 555 (type locality: Burma: Tenas-
serim provinces; holotype: ZSI A.787, Whitehead &
Talwar, 1976: 155, Rainboth, 1985: 29)
Neolissochilus compressus (Day, 1870)
Barbus compressus Day, 1870b: 555 (type locality: in a jar
"with an Oreinus from Cashmere" [erroneous, probably
Burma; Mukerji, 1934: 62]; holotype: ZSI 5513/1, Muk-
erji, 1934: 59, fig. 8, Rainboth, 1985: 29, or ZSI A.786,
Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 155)
Neolissochilus dukai (Day, 1878)
Barbus Dukai Day, 1878: 564, pl. 143 fig. 3 (type locality:
India: Darjeeling: Teesta River; syntypes: among ZSI
2388 [1], RMNH 2681 [1], ? 8659 [1], BMNH
1889.2.1.518–519 [2], AMS B.7983, NMW 54061,
Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 155, Rainboth, 1985: 29,
Eschmeyer, 2010, Ferraris et al., 2000: 296)
Neolissochilus hendersoni (Herre, 1940)
Lissochilus hendersoni Herre, 1940a: 10, pl. 4 (type locali-
ty: Malaysia: creek on Penang Island; holotype: CAS-
SU 32632 [larger specimen of 2], Böhlke, 1953: 33)
Neolissochilus heterostomus (Chen & Yang, in Chen, Yang
& Chen, 1999)
Barbodes heterostomus Chen & Yang, in Chen, Yang &
Chen, 1999: 84, fig. 2 (type locality: China: Yunnan:
Nabang, Yinjiang; holotype: KIZ 7801066)
Neolissochilus hexastichus (M'Clelland, 1839)
Barbus hexastichus M'Clelland, 1839: 269, 333, pl. 39 fig. 2
(type locality: India: "great rivers in the plains of India";
lectotype: SMF 547, designated by Rainboth, 1985: 27
[designated as "provisional lectotype"; the Code does
not recognize this category but does not exclude this to
be simply recognised as a lectotype designation; treated
here as valid under Code art. 74.1.1; if not acceptable,
then designated here as lectotype])
Neolissochilus longipinnis (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)
Labeobarbus longipinnis Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 149
(type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Deli, Lake Kawar
[Lake Tawar ?]; lectotype: ZMA 113.008, designated by
Rainboth, 1985: 30)
Neolissochilus nigrovittatus (Boulenger, 1893)
Barbus nigrovittatus Boulenger, 1893: 202 (type locality:
Burma: Southern Shan States: Fort Stedman; syntypes:
BMNH 1893.6.30.41–42 [2], Rainboth, 1985: 31)
Neolissochilus paucisquamatus (Smith, 1945)
Puntius paucisquamatus Smith, 1945: 178, fig. 29 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Nakhon Sritamarat Prov: brook near
base of Kao Luang; holotype: USNM 119713)
Neolissochilus qiaojiensis (Wu, in Wu, 1977)
Tor qiaojiensis Wu, in Wu, 1977: 326, pl. 7-61 (type local-
ity: China: Yunnan: Qiaojie; syntypes: IHB 60.6.650,
60.6.546, 60.6.547 [3])
Neolissochilus soro (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842)
Barbus soro Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:
191 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Bantam, Sadingwet-
an River; syntypes: RMNH [stuffed specimen, lost ?,
Roberts, 1993b: 22] and specimen illustrated by Kuhl
and van Hasselt [reproduced in Roberts, 1993b: fig. 21];
if simultaneous subjective synonym of Barbus tambra
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 190, first
reviser [Roberts, 1993b: 22] gave precedence to B. tam-
bra, see under Tor tambra)
Taxonomic notes. The species has long been placed in Tor .
Roberts (1999a: 234) considered that T. soro could in fact
be a species of Neolissochilus.
Nomenclatural notes. Roberts (1993b: 23) considered that
there was a holotype of Barbus soro. Valenciennes exam-
ined a 10-inch [about 270 mm] long specimen in RMNH
and he had also a copy of the figure by Kuhl and van Has-
selt on which his colour description seems to have been
based. Unless it can be demonstrated that the specimen ex-
amined by Valenciennes is also the one on which the figure
is based, there is no holotype but a series of syntypes. The
figure is 130 mm SL and is possibly close to natural size;
the illustrated specimen is a juvenile (Roberts, 1993b: 65)
and thus it is very unlikely to have been the 270 mm speci-
men which Valenciennes used for the morphological descrip-
tion; therefore this specimen is not a holotype but a syn-
type. The size of one of the skeletons labelled as T. soro
(RMNH 367) is 206 mm long; if this is SL, it is close to the
size of the 270 mm TL of the specimen examined by Valen-
ciennes.
Neolissochilus soroides (Duncker, 1904)
Barbus soroides Duncker, 1904: 178, pl. 1 fig. 7 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: eastern slope of Sangka-Dua pass, head-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
128
Ochetobius Günther, 1868
Ochetobius Günther, 1868a: 297 (type species: Opsarius
elongatus Kner, 1867: 358, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine.
Agenigobio Sauvage, 1878e: 87 (type species: Agenigobio
waters of Pahang River; lectotype: ZMH 368 [formerly
8441], designated by Ladiges et al., 1958: 158)
Neolissochilus stevensonii (Day, 1870)
Barbus Stevensonii Day, 1870d: 100 (type locality: Burma:
Akyab [Sittwe]; holotype: ZSI 2597 [lost], Whitehead
& Talwar, 1976: 156)
Neolissochilus stracheyi (Day, 1871)
? Barbus Mortonius Mason, 1850: 312 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Tenasserim: "Sacred Lakes in the vicinity of Tavoy",
two basins in Pagaya River, "at the foot of pagoda-
crowned precipices from one to two hundred feet high";
syntypes: NT)
Barbus stracheyi Day, 1871b: 307 (type locality: Burma:
Moulmein; lectotype: ZSI F 2175, designated by Rain-
both, 1985: 29)
Neolissochilus subterraneus Vidthayanon & Kottelat,
2003
Neolissochilus subterraneus Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003:
161, figs. 2, 3a (type locality: Thailand: Phitsanulok
Province: Thung Salaeng Luang National Park: subter-
ranean stream in Tham Phra Wang Daeng cave, about
200 m from entrance upstream section; 16°40'41"N
100°41'24"E; holotype: NIFI 3148)
Neolissochilus sumatranus (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)
Lissochilus sumatranus Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 169,
figs. 68–69 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Bandar
Baru; lectotype: ZMA 112606, designated by Rainboth,
1985: 30)
Lissochilus hutchinsoni Fowler, 1934a: 120, figs. 76–77
(type locality: Thailand: Nakon Sritamarat; holotype:
ANSP 58076, Böhlke, 1984: 79)
Neolissochilus thienemanni (Ahl, 1933)
Lissochilus thienemanni Ahl, 1933: 515 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Lake Toba; holotype: ? ZMB, possi-
bly lost, Paepke, 1995: 91)
Neolissochilus tweediei (Herre, in Herre & Myers, 1937)
Lissochilus tweediei Herre, in Herre & Myers
, 1937: 61, pl. 5
(type locality: Malaysia: Perak: Yum River, tributary to
Plus River; holotype: CAS-SU 30969, Böhlke, 1953: 33,
Eschmeyer, 2010; authorship as indicated p. 53)
Neolissochilus vittatus (Smith, 1945)
Acrossocheilus vittatus Smith, 1945: 198, fig. 33 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Huey Mekong
Kha, mountain brook tributary to Salween, at a point
between Mae Sarieng and Ta Ta Fang; holotype: USNM
117749)
halsoueti Sauvage, 1878e: 87, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Ochetobius elongatus (Kner, 1867)
Opsarius elongatus Kner, 1867: 358, pl. 15 fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: China: Shanghai; types: NMW)
Agenigobio Halsoueti Sauvage, 1878e: 87 (type locality:
China: Kiangsi: Lake Po-Yang; holotype: MNHN 9823,
Bertin & Estève, 1948: 64)
Ochetobius lucens Jordan & Starks, 1905: 195, fig. 2 (type
locality: Korea: Chemulpo; holotype: USNM 51496)
Oliotius Kottelat, 2013
Oliotius Kottelat, 2013: 483 [appendix to present work] (type
species: Capoeta oligolepis Bleeker, 1853f: 296, by orig-
inal designation). Gender masculine.
Oliotius oligolepis (Bleeker, 1853)
Capoeta oligolepis Bleeker, 1853f: 296 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Lake Maninjau; syntypes [4, 41–
47 mm TL]: RMNH 1610 [2], 2037 [1], 4952 [1], Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Onychostoma Günther, 1896
Onychostoma Günther, 1896: 211 (type species: Onycho-
stoma laticeps Günther, 1896: 211, by monotypy). Gen-
der neuter.
Scaphesthes Oshima, 1919: 208 (type species: Scaphestes
tamusuiensis Oshima, 1919: 209, by monotypy [Oshi-
ma, p. 208, mentions "the type of the present genus is
closely related to the species of Scaphiodon", without
explicitly naming this type, so there is no type by origi-
nal designation; S. tamusuiensis is type by monotypy,
because the second mentioned species is conditionally
included]). Gender feminine.
Scaphiodontella Oshima, 1920: 125 (type species: Scaphio-
dontella alticorpus Oshima, 1920: 126, by original des-
ignation; spelt Scaphiodentella p. 127, an inadvertent
error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]).
Gender feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. Varicorhinus is often used as a ge-
neric name for species of Onychostoma. The type species of
Varicorhinus is an African fish and the name is correctly
used only for African species.
[Varicorhinus Rüppell, 1835b: 20 (type species: Varicorhinus beso Rüp-
pell, 1835b: 21, by subsequent designation, apparently by Berg, 1914:
533). Gender masculine].
? Onychostoma babeense (Nguyen & Nguyen, in Nguyen
& Ngo, 2001)
Varicorhinus babeensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [N. H.],
in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 414, fig. 203 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Bac Kan Province: Lake Ba Be, Nam
Mau village; holotype: Thai Nguyen University of For-
estry and Agriculture, Department of Aquaculture
98.25.025)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
129
? Varicorhinus argentatus Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969:
13 (type locality: Vietnam: Hoa Binh Province: Da Bac,
Suoi Rut stream; lectotype: NCNTTSI "67", designated
by Roberts & Catania, 2007: 93 [syntypes [3]: out of
NCNTTSI H.01.73.04.02 [3] and H.01.73.04.01 [1, erro-
neously listed as holotype by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001:
401]); spelt corgentatus p. 3, curgentatus p. 13 and ar-
gentotus p. 18, first reviser [Kottelat, 2001b: 119] re
tained
argentatus as correct original spelling; original figure
reproduced in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 401, fig.
196; translation in Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 2007: 70)
? Varicorhinus erythrogenys Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969:
13 (type locality: Vietnam: Hoa Binh Province: Da Bac,
Suoi Rut stream; lectotype: NCNTTSI "1068", desig-
nated by Roberts & Catania, 2007: 93 [possibly NCNTT-
SI H.01.73.02.01, erroneously listed as holotype by
Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 403]; spelt erythrogenus
p. 3, brythrogenys p. 13 and lrythrogenys p. 18, first re-
viser [Kottelat, 2001b: 120] retained erythrogenys as
correct original spelling; original figure published in
Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 402, fig. 197, again in
Nguyen [V. H.], 2007: 82, fig. 12; translation in Nguyen
[V. H.] & Doan, 2007: 70)
? Varicorhinus microstomus Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969:
13 (type locality: Vietnam: Son La Province: Nham Noc
Ta Khoa; syntypes [4]: NCNTTSI ? lost [material listed
as holotype and paratypes by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
are not types as they do not originate from the type lo-
cality; also no holotype was designated in original de-
scription]; spelt microstonus pp. 16, 18, first reviser [Kot-
telat, 2001b: 120] retained microstomus as correct orig-
inal spelling; original figure published in Nguyen [V.
H.] & Ngo, 2001: 399, fig. 195, again in Nguyen [V.
H.], 2007: 82, fig. 13; translation in Nguyen [V. H.] &
Doan, 2007: 70, as V. microstoma)
Onychostoma vietnamensis Banarescu, 1971c: 244 (type
locality: Vietnam: Song-Koi basin; holotype: MNHN
B.2652)
Nomenclatural notes. Varicorhinus microstomus was de-
scribed on the basis of 4 specimens from Nham Noc Ta Khoa,
Son La Province, Vietnam. The 4 specimens NCNTTSI
01.73.03.01 and 01.73.03.02 listed as holotype and paraty-
pes by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo (2001: 403) have no type
status as they are from a different locality, Hoa Binh Prov-
ince: Suoi Rut stream. The specimen "RIAH 1070" desig-
nated as lectotype by Roberts & Catania (2007: 93) is also
from Suoi Rut and therefore cannot be the lectotype; this is
probably one of the two specimens listed by Nguyen [V. H.]
& Ngo. Alternatively, the locality data are erroneous either
in the original description or on the label.
Onychostoma lini (Wu, 1939)
Varicorhinus lini Wu, 1939: 103 (type locality: China: Li
Kiang: Yangso; syntypes [3]: [repository not stated] 121
[1], 137–138 [2])
Onychostoma meridionale Kottelat, 1998
Onychostoma meridionale Kottelat, 1998a: 42, fig. 58 (type
locality: Laos: Upper Xe Bangfai, about 1 km upriver of
confluence with (unnamed) stream descending from
Onychostoma barbatum (Lin, 1931)
Gymnosfomus barbatus Lin, 1931: 113 (type locality: Chi-
na: Guangxi: Yaoshan; lectotype: LU [118 mm SL], des-
ignated by Lin, 1933b: 201 [Code art. 74.5])
Distribution notes. Record in area from Shi Wan Da Shan
(Zhao & Zhang, 2001b).
Onychostoma elongatum (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934)
Crossochilus elongatus Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934: 340 (type
locality: Vietnam: Tonkin: Ngoi-Thia River at Nghia Lô,
tributary of Red River upstream of Yên Bay; holotype:
MNHN 1934-0263, Kottelat, 2000d: 84; also in Pelle-
grin & Chevey, 1935b: 467, fig. 3)
? Coreius tchangi Dao & Mai, 1959: 7 [? fig. 7] (type local-
ity: Vietnam: Ben Yai Province: Ngoi Thia, a tributary
of Red River; syntypes: ? DVZUT, ZMMUS 9450,
Svetovidova, 1978: 260; figure apparently not published)
Onychostoma fangi Kottelat, 2000
Varicorhinus elongatus Fang, 1940: 138 (type locality: Chi-
na: Kouang-Si Province: San-Fan, Lo-Chien-Hsien; ho-
lotype: Natn. Res. Inst. Biol. Beijing 258; junior sec-
ondary homonym of Crossochilus elongatus Pellegrin
& Chevey, 1934: 340, when placed in Onychostoma by
Kottelat, 2000d: 84)
Onychostoma fangi Kottelat, 2000d: 85 (replacement name
for Varicorhinus elongatus Fang, 1940: 138)
? Varicorhinus yeni Nguyen [H. D.] & Ngo, in Nguyen [V.
H.] & Ngo, 2001: 410, fig. 201 (type locality: Vietnam:
Yen Bai Province: Luc Yen district: Phuc Loi, Ngoi
Thuong; holotype: NCNTTSI H.01.73.08.01)
? Varicorhinus thacbaensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001:
412, fig. 202 (type locality: (type locality: Vietnam: Yen
Bai Province: Luc Yen district: Phuc Loi, Ngoi Thuong;
holotype: NCNTTSI H.01.73.09.01)
Nomenclatural notes. Specimen MNHN 1940-0137 listed
as syntype of V. elongatus by Banarescu (1971: 245, fig. 5)
is a paratype as Fang unambiguously designated a holotype.
Onychostoma fusiforme Kottelat, 1998
Onychostoma fusiforme Kottelat, 1998a: 40, fig. 56 (type
locality: Laos: Nam Theun, from Ban Signo to about
6 km upriver; 17°50'50"N 105°03'00"E; holotype: ZRC
41782)
Onychostoma gerlachi (Peters, 1881)
Barbus gerlachi Peters, 1881b: 1034, pl. 1 fig. 5 (type lo-
cality: China: sent from Hong Kong; holotype: ZMB
11327)
? Capeta macrolepis imberbis Koller, 1926a: 121 (type lo-
cality: China: Hainan: stream on Mt. Wu-tschi; syntypes
[3]: NMW)
Onychostoma leptura (Boulenger, 1900)
Gymnostomus lepturus Boulenger, 1900a: 961, pl. 69 fig. 1
(type locality: China: Hainan: Five-Fingers Mt.; holo-
type: BMNH 1899.11.30.21, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barbus roulei Wu, 1931a: 15, fig. 2 (type locality: China:
Foochow [Fuzhou] [basin of Ming River up to Yenping
[Yanping]]; holotype: ? MNHN [p. 1])
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
130
Phou Taloun; 17°09'42"N 10°12'33"E; holotype: ZRC
41783)
Onychostoma ovale Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936
Onychostoma ovalis Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936a: 22, fig. 3
(type locality: Vietnam: Phu-Thô, Song Bua, Red River;
holotype: MNHN 1935-0322, Banarescu, 1971c: 246)
Onychostoma simum (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant,
1874)
Barbus simus Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 8 (type
locality: China [probably Yangtze basin; locality listed
as "Pé-Kia-Yu" by Bertin & Estève, 1948: 44 and Esch-
meyer et al., 1998: 2010, but this is French transcription
of vernacular name, see Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 184,
pl. 42 fig. 5]; holotype: MNHN 7952, Bertin & Estève,
1948: 44, Banarescu, 1971c: 243)
Onychostoma laticeps Günther, 1896: 211, pl. 1 fig. B (type
locality: China: southern Kansu: river near Hui-hsien
[Hui Xian, about 30°N 106°E]; holotype: ? ZISP)
Onychostoma laticeps var. fontouensis Tchang, 1930c: 85
(type locality: China: Sichuan: Fontou [Feng-tou in
Tchang, 1931a: 68]; holotype: MNHN 1934-0017, Bertin
& Estève, 1948: 45; also in Tchang, 1930a: 68, 1931a: 68)
Onychostoma uniforme (Mai, 1978)
Crossocheilus uniformis Mai, 1978: 105, fig. 45 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Bac Kan, Na Ri River; syntypes: DV-
ZUT)
Opsariichthys Bleeker, 1863
Opsariichthys Bleeker, 1863e: 203 (type species: Leuciscus
uncirostris Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 211, pl. 102
fig. 1, by original designation; also in Bleeker, 1863l:
263, 1863m: 28). Gender masculine.
Opsariichthys bea Nguyen, 1987
Opsarichthys bea Nguyen [T. T.], 1987: 32, fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Nghe Tinh Province: Khe Bo; holotype:
VUP Kb 224)
Opsariichthys bidens Günther, 1873
Opsariichthys bidens Günther, 1873b: 249 (type locality:
China: Shanghai; holotype: BMNH 1873.7.30.96, Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Rasbora Blanchardi Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874:
12 (type locality: China: southern Shen-Si and western
Tche-Kiang [Zhejiang]; syntypes: MNHN 8152 [11],
8236 [5], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 71)
Opsariichthys Morrisonii Günther, 1898: 262, pl. 13 fig. A
(type locality: North China: Liao-ho river at Newchwang
[Yingkow]; holotype: BMNH 1898.2.28.16, Eschmey-
er, 2010)
Opsariichthys minutus Nichols, 1926b: 6, fig. 5 (type local-
ity: China: Fukien [Fujian]; holotype: AMNH 8478)
Opsariichthys chekianensis Shaw, 1930: 113, fig. 3 (type
locality: China: Chekiang [Zhejiang]: Shing-Tsong; ho-
lotype: ZMFMIB 4441)
? Opsariichthys songmaensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen,
2000: 12, figs. 1–2 (type locality: Vietnam: Son La Prov-
ince: Song Ma River at Song Ma; holotype: NCNTTSI
H.01.15.02.01)
? Opsariichthys dienbienensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen
[H. D.], 2000: 14, figs. 3–4 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai
Chau Province: stream Nam Rom in Dien Bien Phu
[Mekong basin]; holotype: NCNTTSI H.01.15.03.01)
? Opsariichthys dorsoarcus Nguyen, Nguyen, Do & Ngu-
yen [H. D.], 2012: 19, fig. 1 (not available, no holotype
designation; locality: Vietnam: Quang Tri Province:
Dakrong District)
? Opsariichthys longianalis Nguyen [V. H.], Nguyen [T. H.
T.], Do & Nguyen, 2012: 19, fig. 2 (not available, no
holotype designation; locality: Vietnam: Quang Tri Prov-
ince: Dakrong District)
? Opsariichthys brevistomatus Nguyen [V. H.], Nguyen [T.
H. T.], Do & Nguyen [T. D. P.], 2012: 19, fig. 3 (not
available, no holotype designation; locality: Vietnam:
Quang Tri Province: Dakrong District)
Opsariichthys hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927
Opsariichthys hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927: 367,
fig. 33 (type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype:
AMNH 8377)
Taxonomic notes. Validity follows Chen et al. (2008: 217).
Opsarius McClelland, 1838
Opsarius McClelland, 1838: 944 (type species: Opsarius
maculatus M'Clelland, 1839: 417, by subsequent desig-
nation by Jordan, 1919a: 195; no species originally in-
cluded; first inclusion of species by M'Clelland, 1839:
413). Gender masculine.
Perilampus McClelland, 1838: 943, 947 (type species: Pe-
rilampus elingulatus McClelland, 1838: 947, by mono-
typy; junior homonym of Perilampus Latreille, 1809:
30 in Hymenoptera; simultaneous subjective synonym
of Opsarius McClelland, 1838: 944, first reviser action
not needed as Perilampus is invalid because junior hom-
onym). Gender masculine.
Chedrus Swainson, 1839: 185, 285 (subgenus of Catosto-
mus Le Sueur, 1817c: 89; type species: Catostomus grayii
Swainson, 1839: 285, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Pachystomus Heckel, 1843: 1038 (type species: Cyprinus
shacra Hamilton, 1822: 271, by subsequent designation
by Bleeker, 1863e: 203, 1863l: 263; junior homonym of
Pachystomus Latreille, 1809: 286 in Diptera). Gender
masculine.
Shacra Bleeker, 1860c: 436 (nomen nudum)
Bendilisis Bleeker, 1860c: 436 (nomen nudum)
Shacra Bleeker, 1860j: 287, 431 (type species: Cyprinus
shacra Hamilton, 1822: 271, by absolute tautonymy).
Gender feminine.
Bendilisis Bleeker, 1860j: 289, 431 (subgenus of Opsarius
McClelland, 1838: 944; type species: Cyprinus bendeli-
sis Buchanan, 1807: 345, pl. 32, by subsequent designa-
tion by Bleeker, 1863e: 203 [correct spelling of type
species is B. bendelisis, therefore type species not by
absolute tautonymy in original description]). Gender
masculine.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
131
Pteropsarion Günther, 1868a: 284 (type species: Barilius
bakeri Day, 1865b: 305, by subsequent designation by
Jordan, 1919b: 351). Gender neuter.
Allodanio Smith, 1945: 96 (subgenus of Danio Hamilton,
1822: 321; type species: Danio ponticulus Smith, 1945:
100, by original designation p. 101). Gender masculine.
Paradaniops Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1967: 123 (type spe-
cies: Paradaniops macropterus Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan,
1967: 124, by original designation; repeated in Nguyen
[V. H.] & Doan, 1969: 9; translation in Nguyen [V. H.]
& Doan, 2007: 67). Gender masculine.
Species inquirenda
Barilius lairokensis Arunkumar & Tombi Singh, 2000b: 250,
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin drain-
age: Chandel District: Lairok Maru, Moreh, Yu River
basin; holotype: MUMF 3700/1A)
Opsarius barna (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus barna Hamilton, 1822: 268, 384 (type locality:
India: Yamuna and Brahmaputra Rivers; types: NT;
Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in M'Clelland,
1839: pl. 48 fig. 9)
Opsarius fasciatus M'Clelland, 1839: 296, 417, pl. 48 fig. 9
(unnecessary replacement name for Cyprinus barna
Hamilton, 1822: 268)
Cyprinus balibhola M'Clelland, 1839: 417 (not available,
name listed in synonymy)
Opsarius latipinnatus M'Clelland, 1839: 298, 422, erratum,
pl. 48 fig. 7 (type locality: India: Upper Assam; holo-
type: lost)
Opsarius acanthopterus M'Clelland, 1839: 422 (alternative
name for O. latipinnatus M'Clelland, 1839; in erratum,
M'Clelland gave precedence to O. latipinnatus)
Barilius papillatus Day, 1869: 378 (type locality: India: Oris-
sa: Cossye River; syntypes [11]: among ZSI A.876 [lost],
NMW 54891, RMNH 2677, AMS B.7909 [1 of 2], White-
head & Talwar, 1976: 156, Ferraris et al., 2000: 301)
Barilius jayarami Barman, 1985b: 170, fig. 1 (type locality:
India: Arunachal Pradesh: Tirap District: Namdapha
Wildlife Sanctuary; holotype: ZSI FF 2150)
Opsarius barnoides (Vinciguerra, 1890)
Barilius barnoides Vinciguerra, 1890: 307, pl. 9 fig. 9 (type
locality: Burma: paese dei Catcin [Kachin State]; synty-
pes [7]: MCSNG 17136 [4], BMNH 1893.2.16.40 [1],
ZSI [1], Tortonese, 1961: 186, Mukerji, 1934: 73, fig.
13, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barilius shanensis Fowler, 1958a: 12 (nomen nudum; see
Kottelat, 1989: 6 [proposed as replacement name for
Barilius ornatus of Boulenger, 1893: 203, supposedly a
homonym of B. ornatus Sauvage, 1883b: 153; but Bou-
lenger's account explicitly refers to Sauvage's species,
therefore name not available as replacement name; as
Boulenger gave no description, name not available by
indication])
Danio monshiensis Yang & Huang, in Wu, 1964: 56, pl. 1-
44 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Mon Shi [Mang Shi;
Irrawaddy drainage]; syntypes: IHB [7])
? Barilius ngawa Vishwanath, 2002: 42 (nomen nudum as
no holotype is designated, Code art. 16.4.1)
? Barilius chatriensis Vishwanath, 2002: 41 (nomen nudum
as no holotype is designated, Code art. 16.4.1)
? Barilius ngawa Vishwanath & Manojkumar, 2002: 86,
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Sherou River (trib-
utary of Manipur River), 24°18'N 93°54'E, 83 km south
of Imphal; holotype: MUFM 149)
? Barilius chatricensis Selim & Vishwanath, 2002: 267,
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Ukhrul District:
Chatrickong River, 150 km from Imphal [Chindwin trib-
utary, Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype: MUMF F 530/1)
Opsarius bernatziki (Koumans, 1937)
Barilius bernatziki Koumans, 1937a: 61, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Thailand: "N. W. Peninsular Siam": Kapa; holotype:
NMB 5155, Kottelat & Sutter, 1988: 53)
Opsarius caudiocellatus (Chu, 1984)
Barilius caudiocellatus Chu, 1984: 98, fig. 1 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: Mengding [23°33'N 99°05'E], Salween
drainage; syntypes: KIZ 748230–38, 40, 45 [11], Teja-
vej, 2012b: 156, fig. 8a)
Taxonomic notes. Tentatively considered to be a synonym
of O. barnoides by Tejavej (2012b: 156), which requires
confirmation.
Opsarius dogarsinghi (Hora, 1921)
Barilius dogarsinghi Hora, 1921a: 191, fig. 3 (type locali-
ty: India: Manipur: Etok stream near Chanderkhong;
holotype: ZSI F 9983/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 106)
Distribution notes. Records in area from Irrawaddy drain-
age in Myanmar (Tejavej, 2012a: 146).
Opsarius infrafasciatus (Fowler, 1934)
Barilius infrafasciatus Fowler, 1934a: 141, figs. 114–115
(type locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Metang
River [Nam Mae Taeng], 35 miles north of Chiang Mai;
holotype: ANSP 58940, Böhlke, 1984: 79)
Taxonomic notes. Treated as valid by Tejavej (2012a–b),
who noted that it might be a synonym of O. barnoides (Te-
javej, 2012b: 156).
Opsarius koratensis (Smith, 1931)
Barilius koratensis Smith, 1931a: 16, fig. 7 (type locality:
Thailand: Menam Mun at Ta Chang, Korat District; ho-
lotype: USNM 90298)
? Barilius huahinensis Fowler, 1934b: 347, figs. 9–10 (type
locality: Thailand: Ban Thung Luang [85 miles south-
southwest of Bangkok, Smith, 1945: 17; 12°41'N
99°51'E]; holotype: ANSP 60202, Böhlke, 1984: 79)
Barilius nanensis Smith, 1945: 155, fig. 23 (type locality:
Thailand: Nan Province: Nan River at Ban Pa Khwang;
holotype: USNM 107940)
? Danio ponticulus Smith, 1945: 100, fig. 8 (type locality:
Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Chiang Mai, presum-
ably in Meping River [Mae Nam Ping]; holotype: MCZ
35524)
? Barilius borneensis Roberts, 1989: 30, fig. 15 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungai Pinoh,
37 km south of Nangapinoh, 0°39.5'S 111°40'E [appar-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
132
ently erroneous]; holotype: MZB 3043)
Danio menglaensis He & Chen, 1994: 375, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla Coun-
ty: Manzhuang, 21°30'N 101°30'E; holotype: IHB
8810131)
Taxonomic notes. The type locality of B. borneensis is du-
bious. It is known from a single specimen. When present,
Opsarius species are usually common, but this is the only
specimen of the genus ever collected in Borneo. The photo-
graph in the original description shows a specimen similar
to O. koratensis, in poorer state than other specimens from
same collection, which suggests it has another origin, pos-
sibly an accidental left-over in a recycled container. The
identity of Danio menglaensis is based on examination of
the holotype.
Recent molecular data (Tang et al., 2010) suggest that
O. koratensis does not belong in Opsarius but might repre-
sent a distinct genus (which general appearance suggested
already). The name Allodanio is potentially available for it,
depending of the identity of its type species (A. ponticulus).
Opsarius ornatus (Sauvage, 1883)
Barilius ornatus Sauvage, 1883b: 153 (type locality: Thai-
land: Mé-Nam [Mae Nam Chao Phraya] [possibly erro-
neous; see below]; lectotype: MNHN A.5074, designat-
ed by Kottelat, 1984a: 794, fig. 1)
Taxonomic notes. Tejavej (2012b) identified as O. ornatus
a species possibly known only from the area of Chumphon
(peninsular Thailand). The type locality of O. ornatus was
given as "Mé-Nam" in the original description, which has
been listed by later authors as "Chao Phraya". Tejavej
(2012b: 148) commented that 'menam' means river in Thai
and that this could refer to any river in Thailand. Although
this is correct, the fact is that in the French literature of that
time, Mé-Nam was used for the Chao Phraya (e.g. see the
many maps in the seven volumes of reports of the Mission
Pavie Indochine, 1879–1895 [Pavie, 1901–1919] and its
atlas [Pavie, 1903]). Tejavej noted that Jules Harmand [the
collector, then French consul in Bangkok] was involved in
the project to open a navigable canal across the isthmus of
Kra. He was on board the boat that had just carried the French
survey expedition at Chumphon back to Bangkok on 17 Jan-
uary 1883. Tejavej concluded that Harmand could have ob-
tained the specimens in Chumphon. This, combined with
the absence of records of the species from the Chao Phraya
since the original description, led Tejavej to conclude that
the types might have been collected in Chumphon.
It is difficult to follow this hypothesis. First, it is contra-
dicted by the MNHN catalogue that indicates that the type
series was collected in 1882. Harmand was appointed con-
sul in Bangkok from October 1881 to June 1883 (Finot,
1922), but I could not find the dates of his actual presence
in Thailand. Also, Harmand's connection with the survey
for the Kra canal was very slight. He only accompanied the
expedition as consul until Chumphon (in fact at the mouth
of Chumphon River) where they arrived by boat from
Bangkok on 16 January 1883 afternoon and Harmand re-
turned to Bangkok the next day (Loftus, 1883: 2). Consid-
ering transport conditions of the time, Harmand's function
and that Opsarius species are unknown in estuaries and
coastal river stretches, it seems unlikely (although not total-
ly impossible) that after his official business Harmand would
have found the time to collect fish samples or to organise
local collectors (). Sauvage's manuscript with the descrip-
tion of B. ornatus was presented at the meeting of 7 July
1883 of the Société philomatique de Paris, which also sug-
gests a collection date before 1883.
It is possible that the species had an earlier larger range
from which it has been extirpated, or that it awaits rediscov-
ery elsewhere. Rainboth et al. (2012: pl. 15) identified ma-
terial from southern Laos as O. ornatus, which requires con-
firmation.
Opsarius pulchellus (Smith, 1931)
Barilius pulchellus Smith, 1931a: 17, fig. 8 (type locality:
Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Mekang at Pang Chao;
holotype: USNM 90299)
Barilius buddhae Fowler, 1934a: 142, fig. 116 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: foot of Chiang Dao;
holotype: ANSP 58912, Böhlke, 1984: 71)
Barilius Pellegrini Fang, 1938c: 587 (type locality: China:
Yunnan: Szemao; lectotype: MNHN 1938-0025, desig-
nated by Kottelat, 1984a: 796)
Paradaniops macropterus Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1967:
124, fig. 1 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province:
Sinh Ho district: Ban-cang stream [Song Da drainage];
syntypes [5]: Dinh Bang Fish Research Station (Bac Ninh
province) 65-0345, now possibly NCNTTSI
H.01.08.03.02 [2] and H.01.08.03.01 [1], last one erro-
neously listed as holotype by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 62; status of NCNTTSI "1036" designated as lec-
totype by Roberts & Catania, 2007: 89 not clear [they
comment that the original drawing has the locality "Nam
Mu Phong Tho"]; repeated in Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan,
1969: 10, Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 61, fig. 18 and
Nguyen [V. H.], 2007: 79, fig. 3; translation in Nguyen
[V. H.] & Doan, 2007: 68)
Daniops nammuensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969: 11 (type
locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong Tho Dis-
trict: Nam Mu stream [Song Da drainage]; syntypes [2]:
NCNTTSI H.01.09.02.01 [1, erroneously listed as holo-
type by Nguyen & Nho, 2001: 60], NCNTTSI
H.01.09.02.02 [1]; lectotype designation by Roberts &
Catania, 2007: 90 apparently invalid because specimen
not part of type series; numerous incorrect original spell-
ings, first reviser [Kottelat, 2001b: 117] retained nam-
muensis as correct original spelling)
Opsarius signicaudus (Tejavej, 2012)
Barilius signicaudus Tejavej, 2012a: 140, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province: Sangklaburi dis-
trict, Mae Khlong drainage; holotype: UNMF 07541)
Nomenclatural notes. The etymology of signicaudus is
given as «a noun, is from the Latin [...] cauda, "tail"». Cau-
da is effectively a noun; nouns are invariable and the spell-
ing cauda should have been used. Unfortunately, the Code
does not allow to correct misformed names.
Opsarius tileo (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus tileo Hamilton, 1822: 276, 385 (type locality: In-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
133
dia: Kosi River; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished fig-
ure reproduced in Gray, 1832: vol. 1, pl. 94 fig. 1)
Opsarius maculatus M'Clelland, 1839: 417, 470 (type lo-
cality: India: Ganges and Bramaputrah; syntypes: SMF
5402 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010; spelt maculosus pp. 297,
315, 417, pl. 47 fig. 4, first reviser [apparently Tang et
al., 2010: 203] gave precedence to maculatus as correct
original spelling)
Opsarius brachialis M'Clelland, 1839: 297, 418, pl. 48 fig. 6
(type locality: India: Assam; syntypes: SMF 811 [1],
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barilius menoni Sen, 1976: 59, fig. 1 (type locality: India:
Bihar: Saharsa district: Gomatidhara, Madhepura; holo-
type: ZSI FF 750)
Oreichthys Smith, 1933
Oreichthys Smith, 1933: 63 (type species: Oreichthys par-
vus Smith, 1933: 63, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Oreichthys cosuatis (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus cosuatis Hamilton, 1822: 338, 392 (type locality:
India: Kosi River; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished
figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 44 fig. 9)
Systomus malacopterus M'Clelland, 1839: 287, 386, pl. 44
fig. 9 (apparently a replacement name for Cyprinus co-
suatis Hamilton, 1822: 338)
Puntius coorgensis Jayaram, 1982: 47, fig. 1 (type locality:
India: Karnataka: Coorg District: River Cauvery at Bha-
gamandala, 33 kilometers southwest of Mercara; holo-
type: ZSI FF1715)
Taxonomic notes. Rohtee pangut Sykes, 1839a is often list-
ed as a synonym of O. cosuatis, but this seems unlikely (see
Schäfer, 2009: 203).
[Rohtee Pangut Sykes, 1839a: 162 (type locality: India: Baum and Beema
Rivers [Beema River at Nursewpoor]; types: BMNH ?; also in Sykes,
1839b: 59, 1841: 365)]
Oreichthys parvus Smith, 1933
Oreichthys parvus Smith, 1933: 63, pl. 2 fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Chantaburi Province: Ban Ang, Kao Sa-
bap; holotype: ? KUMF)
Puntius roloffi Klausewitz, 1957a [1 April]: 193, pl. 17 fig. 1,
pl. 17a figs. 1–2 (type locality: Thailand: southern Pen-
insula, area of Patalung; holotype: SMF 4038; also in
Klausewitz, 1957b [1 April]: 89, fig.)
Nomenclatural notes. The name P. roloffi is available from
two publications by Klausewitz, both dated 1 April 1957,
one in a scientific jounal, one in an aquarium journal. As
first reviser, I give precedence to the publication in the sci-
entific journal (1957a), which includes a list of the type
material and a proper description.
Oreinus McClelland, 1838
Oreinus McClelland, 1838: 943, 946 (type species: Oreinus
guttatus McClelland, 1838: 946 [description in last para-
graph as "the Butan species"], by subsequent designa-
tion by Bleeker, 1863e: 196, 1863m: 26 [not Schizotho-
rax plagiostomus Heckel, 1838: 16, designated by
M'Clelland, 1842: 570, not originally included]). Gen-
der masculine.
Englottogaster Gistel, 1848: x (unnecessary replacement
name for Oreinus McClelland, 1838: 943). Gender fem-
inine.
Opistocheilos Bleeker, 1860c: 425 (type species: Schizo-
thorax plagiostomus Heckel, 1838: 16, by subsequent
designation by Jordan, 1919b: 287; no species original-
ly included, first inclusion by Bleeker, 1860j: 115). Gen-
der masculine.
Taxonomic notes. See discussion under Schizothorax for
taxonomic status and nomenclature. Species placed in Schi-
zothorax by Wu & Wu (1992: 302) and Tilak (1987) belong
to Oreinus. Taxonomy follows Wu & Wu (1992).
Oreinus dulongensis (Huang, 1985)
Schizothorax dulongensis Huang [Hwang], 1985: 211, fig. 3
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Gongshan County: Bapo
and Maku; syntypes: KIZ [5])
Oreinus elongatus (Huang, 1985)
Schizothorax elongatus Huang [Hwang], 1985: 212, fig. 4
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Yingjiang County: Tong-
biguan; syntypes: KIZ [10])
Oreinus malacathus (Huang, 1985)
Schizothorax oligolepis malacathus Huang [Hwang], 1985:
210, fig. 2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yingjiang
County: Xima [Irrawaddy drainage]; syntypes: KIZ [11])
Schizothorax oligolepis maculatus Eschmeyer et al., 1998:
994 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Schizothorax oli-
golepis malacathus Huang, 1985: 210)
Nomenclatural notes. The correct spelling is malacathus.
Not to be confused with Schizopygopsis malacanthus.
[Schizopygopsis malacanthus Herzenstein, 1891: 201, pl. 23 fig. 1 (type
locality: China: area of sources of Yangtze River, Djao-tschu [13000
feet altitude] and Dy-tschu [12700 feet altitude; Tongtian He, in up-
per Yangtze basin; He et al., 2008: 48]; syntypes [3]: ZIN 7352 [2],
7356 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)].
Oreinus meridionalis (Tsao, in Wu, 1964)
Schizothorax molesworthi meridionalis Tsao, in Wu, 1964:
147, pl. 4-7 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Lung-Chuan
Jiang [Irrawaddy basin]: Qiaojie in Tengchong County;
syntypes: IHB [3])
Oreinus molesworthi Chaudhuri, 1913
Oreinus molesworthi Chaudhuri, 1913: 247, pl. 7 fig. 2 (type
locality: India: Abor Hills, Yembung; holotype: ZSI F
7735/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 113)
Oreinus myzostomus (Tsao, in Wu, 1964)
Schizothorax myzostomus Tsao, in Wu, 1964: 148, pl. 4-8
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Gong-Shan County: Du-
long Jiang; syntypes: IHB [9])
Oreinus oligolepis (Huang, 1985)
Schizothorax oligolepis Huang [Hwang], 1985: 209, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Yingjiang County: Tong-
biguan; syntypes: KIZ [21])
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
134
Oreinus rotundimaxillaris (Wu & Wu, 1992)
Schizothorax rotundimaxillaris Wu & Wu, 1992: 390, fig.
102 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Tangchong County:
Da Yingjiang River near Houqiao, Irrawaddy drainage;
holotype: NPIB 784495)
Taxonomic notes. Treated as synonym of O. meridionalis
by Chen (2013: 313).
Osteobrama Heckel, 1843
Osteobrama Heckel, 1843: 1033 (type species: Cyprinus
cotio Hamilton, 1822: 339, by subsequent designation
by Jordan, 1919a: 211). Gender feminine.
Smiliogaster Bleeker, 1860c: 438 (type species: Leuciscus
belangeri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844:
99, by subsequent monotypy; no species originally in-
cluded, first inclusion by Bleeker, 1860j: 296, 467)
Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1844)
Leuciscus Belangeri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1844: 99 (type locality: India: [Bengal, Bertin &
Estève, 1948: 81]; syntypes: MNHN 3898 [3], Fang,
1942b: 165)
Systomus microlepis Blyth, 1858b: 289 (type locality: un-
known [Burma: Moulmein; Blyth, 1860b: 158]; holo-
type: ? ZSI; junior secondary homonym of Barbus mi-
crolepis Bleeker, 1850i: 12 when placed in Systomus by
Bleeker, 1851j: 60)
Rohtee Blythi Bleeker, 1860j: 281 (replacement name for
Systomus microlepis Blyth, 1858b: 289)
Osteobrama brevipectoralis Tilak & Husain, 1989: 328,
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Manipur Valley; ho-
lotype: ZSI/NRS F.567)
Osteobrama cunma (Day, 1888)
Rohtee cunma Day, 1888a: 807 (type locality: Burma: Moul-
mein; types: NT)
Rohtee roeboides Myers, 1924: 3 (type locality: Burma:
Chindwin River at Monywa; holotype: AMNH 8350)
Nomenclatural notes. See under Mystacoleucus for com-
ments on authorship of Rohtee cunma Day, 1888, and names
usually attributed to Tickell (in Day, 1888). Synonymy fol-
lows Hora & Misra (1940: 168, pl. 4 fig. 1).
Osteobrama feae Vinciguerra, 1890
Osteobrama Feae Vinciguerra, 1890: 311, pl. 10 fig. 10 (type
locality: Burma: Kokarit [Kaw-ka-riet]; lectotype:
MCSNG 17131-A, designated by Tortonese, 1961: 187)
Osteochilus Günther, 1868
Osteochilus Günther, 1868a: 40 (type species: Rohita mel-
anopleura Bleeker, 1852o: 430, by subsequent designa-
tion by Jordan, 1919b: 351). Gender masculine.
Neorohita Fowler, 1937: 180 (subgenus of Osteochilus
Günther, 1868a: 40; type species: Rohita hasseltii Va-
lenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 274, by
original designation). Gender feminine.
Osteochilus bellus Popta, 1904
Osteochilus bellus Popta, 1904: 197 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bo River; syntypes [6
in 1906 paper, 3 in 1904, apparently a lapsus as other
data do not differ]: RMNH 7580 [5], 29317 [1], Esch-
meyer, 2010; also in Popta, 1906: 104, pl. 7 fig. 23)
Osteochilus bleekeri Kottelat, 2008
Osteochilus bleekeri Kottelat, 2008b: 249, figs. 1–2 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas
drainage, Sungai Engkayas, 2 km southeast of Sanggau
on road to Sintang; holotype: MZB 6000)
Taxonomic notes. This is the species described as O. tri-
poros by Karnasuta (1993: 50). He designated a neotype for
Rohita triporos Bleeker, 1852r: 598 but this designation is
invalid as the holotype still exists. Osteochilus triporos is a
synonym of O. microcephalus. The species identified as
O. triporos by subsequent authors (e.g. Weber & de Beau-
fort, 1916: 133; Roberts, 1989: 54; Kottelat et al., 1993: 41,
pl. 13) is O. bleekeri.
Osteochilus borneensis (Bleeker, 1856)
Rohita borneënsis Bleeker, 1856m: 17 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas River in Pon-
tianak; holotype [80 mm TL]: BMNH 1866.5.2.173,
Karnasuta, 1993: 73)
Osteochilus brachynotopteroides Chevey, 1934
Osteochilus brachynotoptéroïdes Chevey, 1934: 34, figs. 2–
3 (type locality: Vietnam: Annam: Pleiku Province: Kon-
tum Lake; syntypes: ? MNHN, ? ION)
Osteochilus chini Karnasuta, 1993
Osteochilus kahajanensis chini Karnasuta, 1993: 42, fig. 18
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kinabatangan
River at Deramakot; holotype: FMNH 68230)
Osteochilus enneaporos (Bleeker, 1852)
Rohita enneaporos Bleeker, 1852r: 596 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Padang; holotype [246 mm TL]:
BMNH 1866.5.2.172, Tan & Kottelat, 2009: 44, fig. 32;
material listed as syntype by Fricke, 1991: 13 has no
type status)
Osteochilus flavicauda Kottelat & Tan, 2009
Osteochilus flavicauda Kottelat & Tan, 2009: 1, figs. 1–2
(type locality: Malaysia: Johor: Kota Tinggi, Sungei Te-
mentang; holotype: ZRC 38216)
Osteochilus harrisoni Fowler, 1905
Osteochilus harrisoni Fowler, 1905a: 480, fig. 5 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River; holo-
type: ANSP 114892 [formerly WIAP 2392], Böhlke,
1984: 78)
Osteochilus ingeri Karnasuta, 1993
Osteochilus ingeri Karnasuta, 1993: 48, fig. 20 (holotype:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Tawau District: Sungei Tawan,
Kalabakan; holotype: FMNH 68540)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
135
Osteochilus intermedius Weber & de Beaufort, 1916
Osteochilus intermedius Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 134
(type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi / Borneo: Ka-
limantan Barat: Kapuas River at Putusibau; syntypes
[29]: ZMA 112.609 [8], 112.610 [2], 119.011 [1], AMNH
9289 [1, lost], Nijssen et al., 1993: 215, Karnasuta, 1993:
54, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Osteochilus jeruk Hadiaty & Siebert, 1998
Osteochilus jeruk Hadiaty & Siebert, 1998: 1, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh Selatan: Kecamatan
Kluet Selatan, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser: Sungai
Lembang at Suag Balimbing Research Station; holotype:
MZB 8645)
Osteochilus kahajanensis (Bleeker, 1856)
Rohita kahajanensis Bleeker, 1856m: 18 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Kahajan River;
holotype [76 mm SL]: RMNH 4980, Karnasuta, 1993:
42)
Osteochilus kappenii (Bleeker, 1856)
Rohita Kappenii Bleeker, 1856m: 19 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas River in Pontia-
nak; holotype [120 mm TL]: BMNH 1866.5.2.174, Kar-
nasuta, 1993: 65)
Osteochilus brevicauda Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 138
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat:
Kapuas River at Putusibau and Putus Genting; synty-
pes: ZMA 100.167 [1], 112.675 [14], AMNH 9273 [1,
lost], Nijssen et al., 1993: 215, Karnasuta, 1993: 65,
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Osteochilus kerinciensis Tan & Kottelat, 2009
Osteochilus kerinciensis Tan & Kottelat, 2009: 40, fig. 30
(type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Kerinci, Danau
Lingkat; holotype: MZB 10711)
Osteochilus kelabau Popta, 1904
Osteochilus kelabau Popta, 1904: 196 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bo River; holotype:
RMNH 7578; also in Popta, 1906: 99, pl. 6 fig. 21)
Osteochilus kükenthali Ahl, 1922a: 33 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: "Mahakam Kutei";
lectotype: ZMB 20537 [1 of 2], designated by Kottelat,
1991c: 277; spelling should be emended to kuekenthali)
Osteochilus lini Fowler, 1935
Osteochilus lini Fowler, 1935a: 118, figs. 54–55 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Khao Nam Poo; holotype: ANSP 60812,
Böhlke, 1984: 81)
Osteochilus melanopleura (Bleeker, 1852)
Rohita melanopleura Bleeker, 1852o: 430 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin /
Sumatra: Palembang; syntypes [3, 126–320 mm TL]:
probably BMNH 1866.5.2.212 [1], RMNH 6990 [2],
Karnasuta, 1993: 79 [additional material which may in-
clude the syntypes listed by Eschmeyer, 2010])
Osteochilus microcephalus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1842)
Rohita microcephalus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842: 275 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Ban-
tam; syntypes: RMNH 2115 [2], 2117 [1], Karnasuta,
1993: 22, Roberts, 1993b: 20 [RMNH 2118, 220 mm SL
is too long; Valenciennes gave the maximum size as
7 inches (total length); BMNH 1866.5.23.170 listed by
Eschmeyer, 2010, unlikely to be a syntype; catalogue
number suggests it is a Bleeker's specimen])
Dangila lipocheila Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 232 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; syntypes:
RMNH and specimen on which Kuhl and van Hasselt's
drawing is based; simultaneous subjective synonym of
Rohita microcephalus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1842: 275, first reviser [Roberts, 1993b: 20]
gave precedence to R. microcephalus)
Rohita triporos Bleeker, 1852r: 598 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [130 mm TL]: BMNH
1866.5.2.164, Kottelat, 2008b: 251, fig. 3; neotype des-
ignation by Karnasuta, 1993: 50 not valid as holotype is
extant)
Rohita brachynotopterus Bleeker, 1855h: 266 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Sumatra: Lahat; holotype [90 mm TL]:
BMNH 1866.5.2.171, Karnasuta, 1993: 22)
Nomenclatural notes. Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes (1842: 232) described Dangila lipocheila on the ba-
sis of a drawing sent by Kuhl and van Hasselt and speci-
mens in RMNH (the use of the plurals "ces cyprins" and
"leur", p. 232, indicates that he had several specimens; the
use of "ce poisson", p. 234, apparently solely refers to the
model of Kuhl & van Hasselts' drawing).
Discussion about D. lipocheila possibly being a synonym
of Barbichthys laevis goes back to Bleeker (1863m: 48) who
noted that Valenciennes reported the species as having 2/8
dorsal rays. Given that Valenciennes (p. 229) defined Dan-
gila as having a long dorsal fin, 2/8 in D. lipocheila seems
to be a lapsus, probably for 2/18 which agrees with Kuhl
and van Hasselt's drawing reproduced in Roberts (1993:
fig. 14). The figure represents an Osteochilus (apparently
O. microcephalus). Valenciennes did not mention the dark
midlateral stripe obvious on the figure. Plate 7, fig. 1, in
Bleeker (1863m) is apparently based on the same drawing
but does not show the midlateral stripe.
Karnasuta designated a neotype for Rohita triporos
(RMNH 4963) in order to retain the name for the species
then called O. triporos. As the holotype of R. triporos is still
extant, the neotype designation is invalid. Osteochilus tri-
poros is a synonym of O. microcephalus and the species
usually called O. triporos is now named O. bleekeri Kotte-
lat, 2008.
Osteochilus partilineatus Kottelat, 1995
Osteochilus partilineatus Kottelat, 1995a: 52, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas
basin: Sungai Tangit near Lubuk Buaya, 0°59'14"N
112°04'31"E; holotype: MZB 5900)
Osteochilus pentalineatus Kottelat, 1982
Osteochilus pentalineatus Kottelat, 1982: 431, fig. 5a (type
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
136
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: about
50–100 km north of Sampit [area of Sebabi and Palan-
gan; Sebabi is about half a day by boat upriver of Palan-
gan on Sungai Seranau; Palangan is half-day upriver of
Sampit on Mentaya; Schaller & Kottelat, 1989: 35]; ho-
lotype: MHNG 2059.02)
Osteochilus repang Popta, 1904
Osteochilus repang Popta, 1904: 196 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bo River; holotype:
RMNH 7579; also in Popta, 1906: 101, pl. 6 fig. 22)
Osteochilus salsburyi Nichols & Pope, 1927
Osteochilus salsburyi Nichols & Pope, 1927: 348, fig. 18
(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH
8371)
Osteochilus sarawakensis Karnasuta, 1993
Osteochilus sarawakensis Karnasuta, 1993: 55, fig. 23 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Third Division:
Sungai Putai, branch of Baleh River; holotype: FMNH
94182, Eschmeyer, 2010; spelt sarwakensis p. 56, an
inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code
art. 32.5.1])
Osteochilus scapularis Fowler, 1939
Osteochilus scapularis Fowler, 1939b: 69, figs. 17–18 (type
locality: Thailand: waterfall at Trang; holotype: ANSP
68505, Böhlke, 1984: 90)
Osteochilus schlegelii (Bleeker, 1851)
Rohita Schlegelii Bleeker, 1851p: 432 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; holotype
[120 mm TL]: ? among RMNH 6992 [5], Karnasuta,
1993: 75)
Osteochilus serokan Hadiaty & Siebert, 1998
Osteochilus serokan Hadiaty & Siebert, 1998: 3, fig. 4 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh Selatan: Sungai Lem-
bang basin: swamp near Singgah Mata at Pasi Lembang,
about 20 km on road from Desa Bakongan to Desa Kan-
dang; holotype: MZB 8642)
Osteochilus spilurus (Bleeker, 1851)
Dangila spilurus Bleeker, 1851d: 272 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; holotype
[75 mm TL]: BMNH 1866.5.2.78, Karnasuta, 1993: 46)
Rohita oligolepis Bleeker, 1853l: 191 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Banka [Bangka]: Marawang; syntypes [2, 100–
103 mm TL]: BMNH 1866.5.2.167 [1], RMNH 4962
[1], Karnasuta, 1993: 46)
Labeo moszkowskii Ahl, 1922a: 35 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Indonesia: Central Sumatra [upper and middle sec-
tions of Rokan Kanan, Rokan Kiri and Siak drainages
("Sultanate of Siak" [Kabupaten Siak, Riau Province,
Sumatra] and "Rokan states"; Moszkowski, 1909a–b:
maps]; holotype: ZMB 20534, Kottelat, 1991c: 277)
Osteochilus striatus Kottelat, 1998
Osteochilus striatus Kottelat, 1998a: 44, fig. 62 (type local-
ity: Laos: Middle Xe Bangfai near Ban Kengkeo;
17°28'35"N 105°31'05"E; holotype: ZRC 41785)
Osteochilus vittatoides Popta, 1904
Osteochilus vittatoides Popta, 1904: 195 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Howong River
[about 0°15'N 115°30'E]; syntypes: RMNH 7575 [8],
29316 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010; also in Popta, 1906: 94,
pl. 6 fig. 20)
Osteochilus vittatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842)
Rohita vittata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:
267 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Bantam; holotype:
probably a specimen figured by Kuhl & van Hasselt or
MNHN 3857, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 21, Guibé & Spill-
mann, 1957: 462; lectotype designation [RMNH 23368]
by Banarescu & Bianco, 1984: 65 invalid as this speci-
men [from Borneo] not part of type series [Kottelat, 1989:
9]; simultaneous subjective synonym of Rohita hasseltii
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 274, first
reviser [Guibé & Spillmann, 1958: 463] gave precedence
to R. vittata [not Kottelat, 1989: 9 who gave precedence
to R. hasseltii])
Rohita Hasseltii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 274 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype [10
inches TL]: among RMNH 2188 [1], 2177 [1], 2588 [2],
Karnasuta, 1993: 60, Kottelat, 2000d: 85 [Roberts,
1993b: 20, only lists RMNH 2120, 104 mm, too small to
be holotype]; simultaneous subjective synonym of Ro-
hita vittata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 267, first reviser [Guibé & Spillmann, 1958: 463]
gave precedence to R. vittata [not Kottelat, 1989: 9 who
gave precedence to R. hasseltii])
Rohita rostellatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 256 (type locality: Burma: Irrawaddy [at Rangoon;
Bertin & Estève, 1948: 21]; holotype: MNHN 3856,
Fang, 1942b: 166, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 21; simulta-
neous subjective synonym of Rohita hasseltii Valenci-
ennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 274, first revis-
er [Karnasuta, 1993: 60] gave precedence to O. hasseltii;
simultaneous subjective synonym of Rohita vittata Va-
lenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 267, which
is here given precedence])
Rohita erythrura Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 268 (type locality: Indonesia: Java [Buitenzorg
(Bogor), according to figure]; holotype: a specimen fig-
ured by Kuhl and van Hasselt, reproduced in Roberts,
1993b: fig. 13; simultaneous subjective synonym of
Rohita hasseltii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 274, first reviser [Kottelat, 2000d: 85] gave
precedence to R. hasseltii [Roberts, 1993b: 20 action not
explicit]; simultaneous subjective synonym of Rohita
vittata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:
267, first reviser [Bleeker, 1860j: 180] gave precedence
to R. vittata)
? Cyrene cyanopareja Heckel, 1843: 1025 (type locality:
Philippines [doubtful]; holotype: NMW 10814)
Rohita leiorhynchos Bleeker, 1849h: 19 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Kalimas River [Brantas] in Surabaya; syn-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
137
types [up to 185 mm TL]: RMNH 10854 [part of 76],
SMNS 10591 [3], Fricke, 1991: 13, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Rohita Artedii Bleeker, 1851p: 434 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; syntypes [2,
112–125 mm TL]: RMNH 6991 [1], 10924 [1], Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Rohita Kuhli Bleeker, 1860j: 177 (type locality: Indonesia:
Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [160 mm TL]: BMNH
1866.5.2.168 [not 1866.5.2.171, listed by Karnasuta,
1993: 60, which is the holotype of Rohita brachyno-
topterus Bleeker, 1855h: 266])
Labeo neilli Day, 1870d: 99 (type locality: Burma: Sittoung
[Sitang River ?] and Billing; syntypes [7]: among ZSI 668
[1], 669 [2], 1119–1122 [4, lost], BMNH 1889.2.1.291–
293 [3], 1889.2.1.1471 [1], NMW 51005 [1], RMNH 2603
[1], ZISP 8303 [1], AMS B.8150 [1],
Whitehead & Tal-
war, 1976: 156, Ferraris et al., 2000: 300)
? Osteochilus melanopterus Tirant, 1883: 96 (type locality:
Vietnam: river of Hué; types: lost, Kottelat, 1987c: 15)
Osteochilus duostigma Fowler, 1937: 182, figs. 120–121
(type locality: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP
68096, Böhlke, 1984: 75)
Osteochilus hasseltii tweediei Menon, 1954: 12, fig. 3a (type
locality: Malaysia: Pahang: Kuala Tahan; holotype: ZSI
F 324/2, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 113)
Labeobarbus thysanocheilus Roberts, 1993b: 20 (not avail-
able, an unpublished manuscript name of Kuhl and van
Hasselt)
Taxonomic notes. Identification of Cyrene cyanopareja is
based on a photograph of the holotype provided by Helmut
Wellendorf (NMW) and should be confirmed by examina-
tion of the specimen.
Osteochilus waandersii (Bleeker, 1853)
Rohita Waandersii Bleeker, 1853b: 733 (type locality: In-
donesia: Bangka: Toboali Province; holotype [198 mm
TL]: BMNH 1866.5.2.169, Tan & Kottelat, 2009: 45,
fig. 34a)
Labeo soplaoensis Fowler, 1934a: 131, figs. 95–96 (type
locality: Burma: Shan States: Sop Lao; holotype: ANSP
58045, Böhlke, 1984: 91)
Taxonomic notes. Rainboth et al. (2012: pl. 25) considered
O. soplaoensis to be a distinct species.
Oxygaster van Hasselt, 1823
Oxygaster van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 [translated in Alfred,
1961b: 86] (type species: Oxygaster anomalura van
Hasselt, 1823c: 133, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Oxygaster anomalura van Hasselt, 1823
Oxygaster Anomalura van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 [translated
in Alfred, 1961b: 86] (type locality: Indonesia: Java;
syntypes: specimen illustrated by Kuhl & van Hasselt
[then unpublished, but reproduced in Roberts, 1993b:
fig. 15] and RMNH [lost ?], examined by Valenciennes,
in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844: 349)
Cyprinus [probably a lapsus for Leuciscus] oxygaster Va-
lenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844: 349 (type
locality: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes:
RMNH [lost ?] and specimen(s) figured by Kuhl and
van Hasselt, reproduced in Roberts, 1993b: fig. 15)
Nomenclatural notes. Roberts assumed that there should
have been a holotype of Cyprinus oxygaster in RMNH. In
fact, Valenciennes mentioned having examined the species
in RMNH, but nowhere does he mention having examined
only a single specimen. The indication "this fish [...] is
4 inches long" cannot be taken as automatically implying
that a single specimen was measured; it can as well mean
this species is 4 inches long, which does not provide infor-
mation on the number of specimens, just on the size of the
largest (if more than one were available). The colour de-
scription cannot be derived from the specimen but from Kuhl
and van Hasselt's drawing and unless it can be demonstrat-
ed that Valenciennes examined only a single specimen and
that this specimen was the one illustrated by Kuhl and van
Hasselt, there is no holotype but a series of syntypes.
Oxygaster pointoni (Fowler, 1934)
Chela pointoni Fowler, 1934a: 108, fig. 60 (type locality:
Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP 57456, Böhlke,
1984: 87)
Paedocypris Kottelat, Britz, Tan & Witte, 2006
Paedocypris Kottelat, Britz, Tan & Witte, 2006: 895 (type
species: Paedocypris progenetica Kottelat, Britz, Tan &
Witte, 2006: 895). Gender feminine.
Paedocypris carbunculus Britz & Kottelat, 2008
Paedocypris carbunculus Britz & Kottelat, 2008: 417, figs.
2–3 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Ten-
gah: Kotawaringin basin: Sungei Pasir Panjang, outskirts
of Pangkalan Bun, along road leading to Kumai;
2°43.916'S 111°39.574'E; holotype: MZB 10981)
Paedocypris micromegethes Kottelat, Britz, Tan & Wit-
te, 2006
Paedocypris micromegethes Kottelat, Britz, Tan & Witte,
2006: 896, fig. 2c–d (type locality: Borneo: Sarawak:
Sungai Gayao, about 40 km from Mukah (128 km from
Sibu) on road from Mukah to Sibu; 2°54'29"N
112°19'32"E; holotype: ZRC 49869)
Paedocypris progenetica Kottelat, Britz, Tan & Witte, 2006
Paedocypris progenetica Kottelat, Britz, Tan & Witte, 2006:
896, figs. 1, 2a–b (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra:
Jambi Province: peat swamp, 15 km from Muara Sabak
on road to Jambi; 1°14'17.8"S 103°35'56.8"E; holotype:
MZB 5998)
Parabramis Bleeker, 1864
Parabramis Bleeker, 1864m: 21 (type species: Abramis pe-
kinensis Basilewsky, 1855: 239, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky, 1855)
? Leuciscus bramula Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1844: 357 (type locality: not stated [China]; holo-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
138
type: the model of the drawing used by Valenciennes)
Abramis pekinensis Basilewsky, 1855: 239, pl. 6 fig. 2 (type
locality: China: in rivers draining to Gulf of Tschili; syn-
types: ZISP 5637 [3], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Megalobrama Skolkovii var. carinatus Dybowski, 1872: 213
(type locality: Russia: middle and lower course of Amur
River, Ussuri and Sungari Rivers, and Chanka Lake;
syntypes: LU)
Chanodichthys stenzii Popta, 1907: 246, fig. (type locality:
China: Kiautschou [Chiao-Hsien], "Imperial Canal";
holotype: SMNS)
Parabramis pekinensis forma strenosomus Yu, Xie & Yi,
1959: 227 (infrasubspecifc, but available because treat-
ed as valid subspecies by Wu, 1964: 117 [Code art.
45.6.4.1]; type locality: China: Heilong Jiang basin;
types: LU)
Parabramis liaohonensis Yih & Wu, in Wu, 1964: 117,
fig. 2–51 (type locality: China: Liaoning: Liao-he, Tai-
an; syntypes [14]: IHB)
Parachela Steindachner, 1881
Parachela Steindachner, 1881c: 100 (type species:
Para-
chela breitensteinii Steindachner, 1881: 100, by
monoty-
py; also in Steindachner, 1881e: 404). Gender feminine.
Grandisquamachela Fowler, 1934a: 111 (subgenus of Para-
chela Steindachner, 1881c: 100; type species: Parache-
la williaminae Fowler, 1934a: 111, by original designa-
tion). Gender feminine.
Parachela cyanea Kottelat, 1995
Parachela cyanea Kottelat, 1995a: 55, fig. 2 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas basin:
Sungai Tangit at Radai Tangit, 0°57'26"N 112°04'39"E;
holotype: MZB 5911)
Parachela hypophthalmus (Bleeker, 1860)
Chela hypophthalmus Bleeker, 1859l: 155 (nomen nudum)
Chela hypophthalmus Bleeker, 1860j: 471 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang [possible locality, see
Bleeker, 1864a: 135; Kottelat, 1995a: 57]; lectotype:
RMNH 4895, designated by Alfred, 1963a: 128; com-
pound noun, indeclinable [not adjective because it did
not agree in gender in original description])
Parachela Breitensteinii Steindachner, 1881c: 100 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo [Teweh (Kalimantan Tengah:
Muara Teweh, Barito basin)]; holotype: NMW P 3000,
Howes, 1979: 189; also in Steindachner, 1881e: 404)
Taxonomic notes. Colour pattern figured in Bleeker (1864a)
apparently is that of P. oxygastroides (see Kottelat & Wid-
janarti, 2005: 153).
Parachela ingerkongi (Banarescu, 1969)
Oxygaster oxygastroides ingerkongi Banarescu, 1969: 196
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Tawao on Tawao
River [Tawau], 4°15'N 118°E; holotype: USNM 135946,
Banarescu, 1971a: 18)
Parachela maculicauda (Smith, 1934)
Chela maculicauda Smith, 1934: 301 (type locality: Thai-
land: Klong Ranode, affluent of Thale Sap; holotype:
KUMF 158 [ex USNM 103372], Monkolprasit, 1969: 5
[not USNM 103373 listed by Banarescu, 1971a: 18])
Parachela oxygastroides (Bleeker, 1852)
Leuciscus oxygastroïdes Bleeker, 1852o: 431 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Kusan Riv-
er at Prabukarta / Sumatra: Musi River in Palembang /
Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; lectotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.216,
designated by Alfred, 1963a: 129 [specimens were mixed
and exact origin of lectotype is not known])
Chela megalolepis Günther, 1868a: 337 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Leuciscus oxygastroides Bleeker,
1852o: 431)
Chela johorensis Steindachner, 1870c: 638 (type locality:
Malaysia: Johor River; syntypes [10]: ? part of NMW
51458 [12], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Oxygaster brachysoma Banarescu, 1971a: 18 (not available,
name listed in synonymy; locality: Thailand: Bangkok)
Taxonomic notes. Colour pattern figured in Bleeker (1864a)
apparently is that of P. hypophthalmus (see Kottelat & Wi-
djanarti, 2005: 153).
Parachela siamensis (Günther, 1868)
Chela siamensis Günther, 1868a: 336 (type locality: Thai-
land: Pachebon [probably Phetchaburi, also spelt Pecha-
burin, Petchabun; "Mouhot" listed as locality by Esch-
meyer, 2010, in fact is the collector's name]; holotype:
BMNH 1861.10.8.17, Banarescu, 1971a: 17)
Parachela williaminae Fowler, 1934
Parachela williaminae Fowler, 1934a: 111, fig. 63 (type
locality: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Mekong River
at Chiang Sen; holotype: ANSP 57457, Böhlke, 1984:
95)
Paracrossochilus Popta, 1904
Paracrossochilus Popta, 1904: 200 (type species: Paracros-
sochilus bicornis Popta, 1904: 201, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Paracrossochilus acerus Inger & Chin, 1962
Paracrossochilus acerus Inger & Chin, 1962: 100, fig. 47
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Third Divi-
sion: Sungei Dapu, a tributary of Baleh River; holotype:
FMNH 68240)
Paracrossochilus vittatus (Boulenger, 1894)
Crossochilus vittatus Boulenger, 1894a: 247 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Senah River; lectotype:
BMNH 1893.3.6.193, designated by Banarescu, 1986:
156)
Paracrossochilus bicornis Popta, 1904: 201 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Howong River
[about 0°15'N 115°30'E]; lectotype: RMNH 7594 [1 of
4], designated by Banarescu, 1986: 156; also in Popta,
1906: 122, pl. 8 fig. 28)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
139
Paralaubuca Bleeker, 1864
Paralaubuca Bleeker, 1864f: 15 (type species: Paralaubu-
ca typus Bleeker, 1864f: 16, by monotypy). Gender fem-
inine.
Cultrops Smith, 1938b: 410 (type species: Culter siamensis
Hora, 1923b: 149, by original designation). Gender mas-
culine.
Paralaubuca barroni (Fowler, 1934)
Chela barroni Fowler, 1934a: 109, fig. 61 (type locality:
Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Mekong at Chiang Sen;
holotype: ANSP 57455, Böhlke, 1984: 69)
Paralaubuca harmandi Sauvage, 1883
Paralaubuca Harmandi Sauvage, 1883b: 153 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Mé-Nam [Mae Nam Chao Phraya]; holo-
type: MNHN A.6427, Fang, 1942b: 166, Kottelat, 1984a:
803)
Culter siamensis Hora, 1923b: 149, pl. 10 fig. 1, pl. 11
figs. 4–5 (type locality: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype:
ZSI F 10504/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 107)
Culter wolfi Fowler, 1937: 163, fig. 101 (type locality: Thai-
land: Pitsanulok; holotype: ANSP 68016, Böhlke, 1984:
95)
Paralaubuca riveroi (Fowler, 1935)
Culter riveroi Fowler, 1935a: 108, fig. 34 (type locality:
Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 60803, Böhlke,
1984: 89)
Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864
Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864f: 16 (type locality: Thai-
land: Ayuttaya and Bangkok; lectotype: MNHN 1867,
designated by Banarescu, 1971d: 348, fig. 1)
Chela paralaubuca Günther, 1868a: 337
(unnecessary repla-
cement
name for Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864f: 16)
Pseudolaubuca lateralis Sauvage, 1876: 98 (type locality:
rapids of the Mekong [in Cambodia or Laos, no rapids
in Vietnam]; lectotype: MNHN 3932, designated by
Banarescu, 1971d: 348, Kottelat, 1984a: 804)
Chela stigmabrachium Fowler, 1934a: 109, fig. 62 (type
locality: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Mekong River
at
Chiang Sen; holotype: ANSP 57458, Böhlke, 1984: 91)
Parasikukia Doi, 2000
Parasikukia Doi, 2000a: 392 (type species: Parasikukia
maculata Doi, 2000a: 392, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Parasikukia maculata Doi, 2000
Parasikukia maculata Doi, 2000a: 392, figs. 1–2 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Phetchaburi Province: small stream at
Moneliong, Khao Yoi; holotype: NSMT-P 58550)
Paraspinibarbus Chu & Kottelat, 1989
Paraspinibarbus Chu & Kottelat, 1989: 2 (type species:
Spinibarbus macracanthus Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936c:
376, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Paraspinibarbus macracanthus (Pellegrin & Chevey,
1936)
Spinibarbus macracanthus Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936c: 376,
fig. 1 (type locality: Vietnam: South Annam; lectotype:
MNHN 1936.2, designated by Chu & Kottelat, 1989: 4
[as holotype in Banarescu, 1972a: 111, pl. 2 fig. 6])
Spinibarbus macracanthus maculatus Dao & Mai, 1959: 6
[? fig. 5] (type locality: Vietnam: Ben Yai Province: Ngoi
Thia, a tributary of Red River; syntypes: ? DVZUT,
ZMMU, Svetovidova, 1978: 261; figure apparently not
published)
Balantiocheilus hekouensis Wu, in Wu, 1977: 332, pl. 7-65
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Hekou / Vietnam: Anpei;
syntypes: IHB 644034–36 [3], 6410016–017 [2, ex Viet-
nam Fisheries Bureau])
? Parator vinhensis Nguyen [T. T.], 1982: 24 (nomen nu-
dum)
Taxonomic notes. Roberts & Catania (2007: 95) treated
P. macracanthus as a junior synonym of Barbus alloiopleu-
rus Vaillant, 1893c: 201, which is not followed here. See
under Poropuntius alloiopleurus.
Parator Wu, Yang, Yue & Huang, 1963
Parator Wu, Yang, Yue & Huang, 1963: 91 (type species:
Tor zonatus Lin, 1935a: 308, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Parator zonatus (Lin, 1935)
Tor zonatus Lin, 1935a: 308, fig. 5 (type locality: China:
Guangxi: Liuchow; holotype: FESC or LUG)
Parazacco Chen, 1982
Parazacco Chen, 1982a [May]: 293 (type species: Aspius
spilurus Günther, 1868a: 311, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Carinozacco Chu, Wang & Ni, 1982 [September]: 267 (type
species: Aspius spilurus Günther, 1868a: 311, by origi-
nal designation; junior objective synonym of Parazacco
Chen, 1982a: 293). Gender masculine.
Parazacco fasciatus (Koller, 1927)
Aspius spilurus fasciatus Koller, 1927: 46, fig. 6 (type lo-
cality: China: Hainan: Kang-Kong River; syntypes [14]:
NMW 10407 [1], Banarescu, 1968b: 308)
Zacco asperus Nichols & Pope, 1927: 366, fig. 32 (type
locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH 8376)
Opsariichthys elegans Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934: 342 (type
locality: Vietnam: Tonkin: Ngoi-Thia River at Nghia Lô,
tributary of Red River upstream of Yên Bay; holotype:
MNHN 1934-0264; see also Pellegrin & Chevey, 1935b:
467, fig. 1)
Parazacco vuquangensis Nguyen [T. T.], 1995a: 77, figs. 1–
2 (type locality: Vietnam: Ha Tinh Province: Vu Quang
mountain, Ngan Truoi stream, 18°25'N 105°25'E; holo-
type: VUP V.Q.92.025)
? Parazacco babeensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [T. D.],
in Nguyen [T. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], 2000: 224 (type
locality: Vietnam: Bac Can Province: Ba Be district: Ban
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
140
Cam stream, Nam Mau village; holotype: Fish Collec-
tion of Thai Nguyen University of Forestry and Agricul-
ture 89-02-002)
? Parazacco vinhi Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [T. D.], in
Nguyen [T. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], 2000: 226 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Bac Can Province: Ba Be district: Ban
Cam stream, Nam Mau village; holotype: Fish Collec-
tion of Thai Nguyen University of Forestry and Agricul-
ture 98.03.003)
Nomenclatural notes. Parazacco vuquangensis is described
by Nguyen [T. T.] (1995a: 77). He also published a descrip-
tion in Vietnamese (Nguyen, 1995b: 81). This second text
seems to be a translation of Nguyen [T. T.] (1995a) in the
state it was when (as editor) I received it in October 1994.
The 1995a published version had been significantly edited
and these changes are not in the 1995b paper, so that there
is a possibility that the two texts differ in some points. It also
cannot be excluded that the 1995b paper could have been
published before the 1995a paper.
Parazacco spilurus (Günther, 1868)
Aspius spilurus Günther, 1868a: 311 (type locality: China:
inland mountainous region of Hong Kong; syntypes:
BMNH 1956.2.25.1–5 [5], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Pectenocypris Kottelat, 1982
Pectenocypris Kottelat, 1982: 421 (type species: Pecteno-
cypris korthausae Kottelat, 1982: 421, by original des-
ignation). Gender feminine.
Pectenocypris balaena Roberts, 1989
Pectenocypris balaena Roberts, 1989: 58, fig. 42 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Danau Piam
near Ketungau, 38 km north-northeast of Sintang,
0°23.5'N 111°37.5'E; holotype: MZB 4006)
Pectenocypris korthausae Kottelat, 1982
Pectenocypris korthausae Kottelat, 1982: 421, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: about
50–100 km north of Sampit [area of Sebabi and Palan-
gan; Sebabi was about half a day by boat upriver of Pa-
langan on Sungai Seranau; Palangan was half-day up-
river of Sampit on the Mentaya; Schaller & Kottelat,
1989: 35]; holotype: MHNG 2073.72)
Pectenocypris micromysticetus Tan & Kottelat, 2009
Pectenocypris micromysticetus Tan & Kottelat, 2009: 45,
fig. 35 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi: Danau
Semangkat, a lake connected to Batang Hari by Sungai
Bangko, opposite Kampung Senaning; holotype: MZB
10993)
Percocypris Chu, 1935
Percocypris Chu, 1935: 12 (type species: Leptobarbus pin-
gi Tchang, 1930c: 84, by original designation). Gender
feminine.
Percocypris tchangi (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
Leptobarbus tchangi Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936c: 377, fig. 2
(type locality: Vietnam: Mnong Hum, Red River basin
[Lao Cai Province: Muong Hum; Chevey & Lemasson,
1937a–b: 50]; holotype: MNHN 1936-0004)
Percocypris pingi retrodorsalis Cui & Chu, 1990: 118, fig. 1a
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Yanybi [Yangbi], 25°30'N
99°37'E; holotype: KIZ 866102)
Pethia Pethiyagoda, Meegaskumbura & Maduwage,
2012
Pethia Pethiyagoda, Meegaskumbura & Maduwage, 2012:
80 (type species: Barbus nigrofasciatus Günther, 1868a:
155, by original designation). Gender feminine.
Pethia atra (Linthoingambi & Vishwanath, 2007)
Puntius ater Linthoingambi & Vishwanath, 2007: 46, fig. 1
(type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin drainage: Iril
River, tributary of Manipur River, at Bamonkampu; ho-
lotype: MUMF 6101)
Pethia conchonius (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus conchonius Hamilton, 1822: 317, 389 (type local-
ity: India: "north-east of Bengal, and in the rivers Kosi
and Ami"; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure re-
produced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 44 fig. 8)
Systomus pyrropterus M'Clelland, 1839: 285, 383, erratum,
pl. 44 fig. 1 (type locality: India: Upper Assam; synty-
pes: BMNH 1843.2.25.15–18 [5], ? 1843.2.25.14 [1],
Eschmeyer, 2010; spelt pyropterus pp. 285, 314, an in-
advertent error corrected in erratum, Code art. 24.2.4)
Puntius conchonius khagariansis Srivastava & Datta Mun-
shi, 1988: 186, pl. 23 fig. 4 (type locality: India: Bihar:
Khagaria District: Budhi Gandak and Bagmati Rivers
(Santokh ghat); syntypes [5, p. 184]: ? TMBU)
Pethia didi (Kullander & Fang, 2005)
Puntius didi Kullander & Fang, 2005: 294, fig. 4 (type lo-
cality: Myanmar: Kachin State: Ayeyarwaddy River
drainage: Hpa Lap Chaung just south of Yuzana Myaing
village (8 km left from Myitkyina–Myitzon road km 11);
25°31'25"N 97°22'19"E; holotype: NRM 50267)
Distribution notes. Records of Puntius phutunio from
Myanmar in fact are Pethia didi.
[Cyprinus phutunio Hamilton, 1822: 319, 390 (type locality: India: north-
east of Bengal; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced
in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 44 fig. 2)].
Pethia erythromycter (Kullander, 2008)
Puntius erythromycter Kullander, 2008: 62, figs. 2–3 (type
locality: Myanmar: Kachin State: Ayeyarwaddy River
drainage: Hpa Lap Chaung just south of Yuzana Myaing
village (8 km left from Myitkyina–Myitzon road km 11);
holotype: NRM 56987)
Pethia khugae (Linthoingambi & Vishwanath, 2007)
Puntius khugae Linthoingambi & Vishwanath, 2007: 49,
fig. 4 (type locality: India: Manipur: Churachandpur Dis-
trict: Chindwin drainage: Khuga River, tributary of Ma-
nipur River; holotype: MUMF 6112)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
141
Pethia macrogramma (Kullander, 2008)
Puntius macrogramma Kullander, 2008: 71, figs. 9–10 (type
locality: Myanmar: Kachin State: Ayeyarwaddy River
drainage: Nan Kywe Chaung, 17 km on road Myitkyi-
na–Mogaung, 200 m south of road, 800 m east of Sha
Dau village; holotype: NRM 36198)
Pethia manipurensis (Menon, Rema Devi & Viswanath,
2000)
Puntius manipurensis Menon, Rema Devi & Viswanath, in
Menon, 1999: 96 (nomen nudum)
Puntius manipurensis Menon, Rema Devi & Viswanath,
2000: 263, pl. 1 figs. 1–3, pl. 2 fig. 1 (type locality: In-
dia: Manipur: Lake Loktak, Moirang, Chindwin drain-
age; holotype: ZSI/SRS F.4261)
Pethia meingangbii (Arunkumar & Tombi Singh, 2003)
Puntius bizonatus Vishwanath, 2002: 71, fig. 42 (nomen
nudum as no holotype is designated, Code art. 16.4.1;
locality: India: Manipur: Lokchao River at Moreh, Yu
River drainage [Chindwin drainage])
Puntius meingangbii Arunkumar & Tombi Singh, 2003: 483,
fig. 2 (type locality: India: Manipur: Moreh, Moreh Ba-
zaar, 110 km from near Imphal, Yu River drainage
[Chindwin drainage]; holotype: MUMF F 501/1A)
Puntius bizonatus Vishwanath & Laisram, 2004a: 131, fig. 1
(type locality: India: Manipur: Lokchao River at Moreh,
Yu River drainage [Chindwin drainage]; holotype:
MUMF 3017)
Pethia nankyweensis (Kullander, 2008)
Puntius nankyweensis Kullander, 2008: 65, fig. 4 (type lo-
cality: Myanmar: Kachin State: Ayeyarwaddy River
drainage: Nan Kywe Chaung, 17 km on road Myitkyi-
na–Mogaung, 200 m south of road, 800 m east of Sha
Dau village; holotype: NRM 37262)
Pethia ornata (Vishwanath & Laisram, 2004)
Puntius ornatus Vishwanath, 2002: 74, fig. 47 (nomen nu-
dum, no holotype is designated, Code art. 16.4.1)
Puntius ornatus Vishwanath & Laisram, 2004a: 132, fig. 2
(type locality: India: Manipur: Lokchao River at Moreh,
Yu River drainage [Chindwin drainage]; holotype:
MUMF 3028 [helvetica font used in figure and table
captions result in the name appearing almost as omatus,
first reviser action by Eschmeyer (2010) not justified and
anyway invalid as not in printed form])
Pethia padamya (Kullander & Britz, 2008)
Puntius padamya Kullander & Britz, 2008: 57, figs. 1–3
(type locality: Myanmar: Mandalay Division: Aye-
yarwaddy River drainage, pond in Toe Gyi village, above
Anisakan falls, near Pyin Oo Lwin, on road Mandalay–
Hsipaw; 21°58'36"N 96°23'24"E; holotype: USNM
385952)
Pethia stoliczkana (Day, 1870)
Barbus m'clellandi Day, 1870c: 619 (type locality: Burma:
Pegu and Moulmein; syntypes [21]: among ZSI F 2298
[1], A.789–790 [2, lost], BMNH 1889.2.1.850–852 [3],
AMS B.7741–7743 [3], NMW 54560a [1], 54272 [2],
ZISP 8318, Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 155, 156, Esch-
meyer, 2010, Ferraris et al., 2000: 299; secondary junior
homonym of Cyprinus mclellandi Valenciennes, in Cu-
vier & Valenciennes, 1842: 390 when latter placed in
Barbus by Day, 1871b: 328)
Barbus Stoliczkanus Day, 1871b: 328 (replacement name
for Barbus m'clellandi Day, 1870c 619)
Distribution notes. Records of Puntius ticto from Myan-
mar in fact are Pethia stoliczkana.
[Cyprinus ticto Hamilton, 1822: 314, 389, pl. 8 fig. 87 (type locality: In-
dia: south-east parts of Bengal types: NT)].
Pethia thelys (Kullander, 2008)
Puntius thelys Kullander, 2008: 68, figs. 6–8 (type locality:
Myanmar: Kachin State: Ayeyarwaddy River drainage:
stream about 24 km on road Myitkyina–Myitzon; holo-
type: NRM 56991)
Pethia tiantian (Kullander & Fang, 2005)
Puntius tiantian Kullander & Fang, 2005: 291, fig. 1 (type
locality: Myanmar: Kachin State: Ayeyarwaddy River
drainage: Nan Hto Chaung, in Putao, about 1.6 km from
46th regiment; 27°19'44"N 97°22'36"E; holotype: NRM
43006)
Pethia yuensis (Arunkumar & Tombi Singh, 2003)
Puntius yuensis Arunkumar & Tombi Singh, 2003: 482, fig. 1
(type locality: India: Manipur: Maklang River, 21 km
from Moreh; holotype: MUMF 500/1A)
Placocheilus Wu, in Wu, 1977
Placocheilus Wu, in Wu, 1977: 382 (type species: Disco-
gnathus caudofasciatus Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936b: 223,
by original designation; misidentified type species, in
fact P. robustus Zhang, He & Chen, 2002: 214 accord-
ing to Zhang et al., 2002: 209 who fixed the type species
as D. caudofasciatus under Code art. 70.3.1; misspelt
Placoheilus p. 593, an inadvertent error, thus incorrect
original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Placocheilus is tentatively recognised as
valid following Zhang et al. (2002) and Zhang (2005c). Zhou
et al. (2005) treated it as a junior subjective synonym of
Garra Hamilton, 1822: 343.
? Placocheilus bibarbatus Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001
Placocheilus bibarbatus Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 552, fig. 284 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau
Province: Phong Tho District: Tam Duong, km 41 on
road [from Phong Tho ?] to Sa Pa [Song Da drainage];
holotype: NCNTTSI H. 01.96.09.01)
? Placocheilus imbarbatus Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] &
Ngo, 2001: 553, fig. 285 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai
Chau Province: Phong Tho District: Tam Duong, km 41
on road [from Phong Tho ?] to Sa Pa [Song Da drain-
age]; holotype: NCNTTSI H. 01.96.10.01; simultaneous
subjective synonym of P. bibarbatus Nguyen, in Ngu-
yen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 552, as first reviser I give pre-
cedence to P. bibarbatus)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
142
Placocheilus caudofasciatus (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
Discognathus caudofasciatus Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936b:
223, figs. 1–2 (type locality: Vietnam: Tonkin: Lai Chau,
Black River; holotype: MNHN 1935-0327)
Garra angulostoma Mai, 1978: 59, fig. 24 (type locality:
northern Vietnam: fast running creeks; holotype:
DVZUT)
Placocheilus cryptonemus Cui & Li, 1984
Placocheilus cryptonemus Cui & Li, 1984a: 110, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Xunlong County, Laowo [Sal-
ween basin], 25°51'N 99°01'E; holotype: KIZ 742035)
Placocheilus dulongensis Chen, Pan, Xiao & Yang, 2012
Placocheilus dulongensis Chen, Pan, Kong & Yang, 2006a:
308 (name not available, no fixation of a holotype, Code
art.16.4.1; locality: China: Yunnan: Dulong River, Ir-
rawaddy drainage)
Placocheilus dulongensis Chen, Pan, Xiao & Yang, 2012:
216, fig. 2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Gongshan
County: Irrawaddy drainage: a tributary (altitude:
1213 masl; 27°41'14.5"N 98°16'37.8"E) of Dulong Riv-
er, near Qinlangdang village, Dulongjiang town; holo-
type: KIZ041106082)
Nomenclatural notes. This species was first listed as "Pla-
cocheilus dulongensis sp. nov." by Chen, Pan, Kong & Yang
(2006a: 308) followed by a description. Six other species
(already named) are also described in exactly the same for-
mat. The mention of "sp. nov." merely seems to indicate
that the species was discovered during that study, but there
is no explicit mention of intentionally establishing a new
taxon (Code art. 16.1). There is also no explicit fixation of a
holotype or syntypes (Code art. 16.4.1). As the conditions
of art. 16 are not satisfied, the name is not available.
The name is also mentioned in another paper by the same
authors (Chen et al., 2006b), in which they mention an in-
press (in 2006) description of a new Placocheilus, indicat-
ing also that the mention in the 2006a paper was not intend-
ed as an original description. The "in press" paper has never
been published in the mentioned journal.
The name was finally made available in Chen et al. (2012:
216).
'Placocheilus' laichowensis (Nguyen & Doan, 1969)
Garra laichowensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969: 11 (type
locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong Tho Dis-
trict: Nam Mu stream [Song Da drainage]; lectotype:
NCNTTSI "1052", designated by Roberts & Catania,
2007: 91 [possibly NCNTTSI H.01.96.02.01, erroneous-
ly listed as holotype by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001:
543]; spelt laichonensis p. 3, laichowcensis p. 16 and
laichonveusis p. 18, first reviser [Kottelat, 2001b: 119]
retained laichowensis as correct original spelling; origi-
nal figure first published in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001:
543, fig. 277, again in Nguyen [V. H.], 2007: 81, fig. 9;
translation in Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 2007: 68)
Placocheilus robustus Zhang, He & Chen, 2002
Placocheilus robustus Zhang, He & Chen, 2002: 214, fig. 3B
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Yuanjiang [Red River] in
Yuanjiang County; holotype: IHB 601132)
Taxonomic notes. Treated as synonym of P. caudofascia-
tus by Chen (2013: 312).
Placogobio Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001
Placogobio Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 555
(type species: Placogobio nahangensis Nguyen, in Ngu-
yen & Ngo, 2001: 556, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Placogobio bacmeensis Nguyen & Vo, in Nguyen & Ngo,
2001
Placogobio bacmeensis Nguyen & Vo, in Nguyen [V. H.] &
Ngo, 2001: 558, fig. 288 (type locality: Vietnam: Ha
Giang Province: Bac Me district: Gam River; holotype:
NCNTTSI H.01.108.02.01)
Placogobio nahangensis Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001
Placogobio nahangensis Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 556, figs. 286–287 (type locality: Vietnam: Tuyen
Quang Province: Na Hang district: Gam River drainage,
Mo waterfall; holotype: NCNTTSI 01.108.01.01)
Plagiognathops Berg, 1907
Plagiognathus Dybowski, 1872: 216 (type species: Plagio-
gnathus jelskii Dybowski, 1872: 216, by monotypy; jun-
ior homonym of Plagiognathus Fieber, 1858: 320 in
Hemiptera). Gender masculine.
Plagiognathops Berg, 1907: 419 (replacement name for
Plagiognathus Dybowski, 1872: 216). Gender mascu-
line.
Taxonomic notes. Often treated as synonym of Xenocypris.
Treated as valid following, e.g. Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004:
100) and Bogutskaya et al. (2008: 336).
Plagiognathops microlepis (Bleeker, 1871)
Xenocypris microlepis Bleeker, 1871b: 58, pl. 9 (type local-
ity: China: Yangtze River; holotype [328 mm TL]:
MNHN 5944, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 73; also in Blee-
ker, 1871d: 68)
Plagiognathus Jelskii Dybowski, 1872: 216 (type locality:
Russia: Lake Chanka and Ussuri River; syntypes: ZMB
7937 [1], ? IZPAN, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Pogobrama Luo, 1995
Pogobrama Luo, 1995: unpaginated, inside back cover (type
species: Sinibrama barbatula Luo & Huang, 1985: 280,
by original designation). Gender feminine.
Pogobrama barbatula (Luo & Huang, in Luo, Chen &
Huang, 1985)
Sinibrama barbatula Luo & Huang, in Luo, Chen & Huang,
1985: 280, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Qin-
zhou County; holotype: IHB 83-IV-0388)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
143
Poropuntius Smith, 1931
Poropuntius Smith, 1931a: 14 (type species: Poropuntius
normani Smith, 1931a: 14, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine.
Poropuntius alloiopleurus (Vaillant, 1983)
Barbus alloiopleurus Vaillant, 1893c: 201 (type locality:
Vietnam: Black River; holotype: MNHN 1892-0261,
Kottelat, 2001a: 35)
? Lissochilus longibarbis Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969: 11
(type locality: Vietnam: Lao Cai Province: Ngoi Bo
stream; lectotype: NCNTTSI "1078", designated by
Roberts & Catania, 2007: 90 [possibly NCNTTSI
H.01.72.11.1, erroneously listed as holotype by Nguyen
[V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 390]; spelt long barbis p. 18, first
reviser [Kottelat, 2001b: 118] retained longibarbis as
correct original spelling; original figure first published
in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 389, fig. 190, again in
Nguyen [V. H.], 2007: 80, fig. 6; translation in Nguyen
[V. H.] & Doan, 2007: 69)
? Barbodes huangchuchieni rhomboides Wu & Lin, in Wu,
1977: 248, pl. 7-8 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yuan-
jiang [Red River]; syntypes: IHB 6440093, 392, 461,
564, 6450172, 191, 207, 322, 614, 615, 617–619, 622,
624 [15])
Taxonomic notes. Roberts & Catania (2007: 95) consid-
ered Barbus alloiopleurus to be a senior synonym of Para-
spinibarbus macracanthus (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936c:
376). They did not mention the procumbent predorsal spine
and lower lip diagnostic of Paraspinibarbus. Roberts &
Catania also treated Lissochilus longibarbis (as "L. longi-
spinis") as a synonym of P. macracanthus (their P. alloiopleu-
rus). The shape of the snout, mouth and caudal peduncle as
shown on the figure of L. longibarbis do not look like those
of Paraspinibarbus but more like Poropuntius. I retain
B. alloiopleurus as valid in Poropuntius, with L. longibar-
bis as a tentative synonym (Kottelat, 2001b: 35).
Poropuntius aluoiensis (Nguyen, 1997)
Lissochilus aluoiensis Nguyen [H. D.], 1997: 1, fig. 1 (type
locality: Vietnam: Thua Thien Hue Province: A Luoi
District: A Sap stream at Nham, Se Kong basin,
16°15'32"N 107°13'31'E; holotype: HNUE)
Poropuntius angustus Kottelat, 2000
Poropuntius angustus Kottelat, 2000a: 46, fig. 14 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Louangphabang Province: Houay Houn,
about 3 km upstream of Ban Houay Lek, in gorges; ap-
prox. 20°32'32"N 102°40'51"E; holotype: ZRC 45308)
Poropuntius bantamensis (Rendahl, 1920)
Barbus bantamensis Rendahl, 1920: 1, fig. 1 (type locality:
Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Ban Tam, east of Doi
Chiang Dao mountain, in a pond fed by a subterranean
stream; holotype: NRM 10969)
? Poropuntius baolacensis (Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo,
2001)
Acrossocheilus baolacensis Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] &
Ngo, 2001: 387, fig. 189 (type locality: Vietnam: Cao
Bang Province: Nho Que, Bao Lac [22°56'60"N
105°40'00"E], Song Hong [Red River] drainage; holo-
type: NCNTTSI H.01.72.13.01)
Poropuntius bolovenensis Roberts, 1998
Poropuntius bolovenensis Roberts, 1998b: 124, fig. 5 (mid-
dle) (type locality: Laos: Champasak Province: Bolavens
Plateau, Sekong basin, Xe Nam Noi 300 m downstream
from primary dam site of Xe Nam Noi–Xe Pian hydro-
power scheme [15°03'27.0"N 106°36'10.0"E]; lectotype:
CAS 94251, designated by Kottelat, 2000a: 46)
? Poropuntius brevispinus (Nguyen & Doan, 1969)
Lissochilus brevispinus Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969: 12
(type locality: Vietnam: Hoa Binh Province: Suoi Rut
stream; syntypes [3]: NCNTTSI H.01.72.10.01 (1, erro-
neously listed as holotype by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 387), H.01.72.10.02 and H.01.72.10.03 (at most
2 of 10); spelt brevispisus p. 3, first reviser [Kottelat,
2001b: 118] retained brevispinus as correct original spell-
ing; original figure published in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 386, fig. 188, again in Nguyen [V. H.], 2007: 80,
fig. 7; translation in Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 2007: 69)
Poropuntius burtoni (Mukerji, 1933)
Barbus clavatus burtoni Mukerji, 1933: 831, pl. 3 fig. 1
(figure only, nomen nudum, not satisfying the conditions
of Code art. 13.1)
Barbus clavatus burtoni Mukerji, 1934: 64, figs. 10–11 (type
locality: Burma: Myitkyina District: Mali Hka basin:
Phungin Hka; holotype: ZSI F 11437/1, Vishwanath &
Kosygin, 2001: 32)
Poropuntius carinatus Wu & Lin, in Wu, 1977
Barbodes shanensis carinatus Wu & Lin, in Wu, 1977: 240,
pl. 7-3 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Meng'a, Salween
basin [error, actually Mekong basin; Chu & Chen, 1989:
185, Chen & Yang, 2003: 382]; syntypes: IHB 544, 568
[2] [not 12209001 as listed by Roberts, 1998b: 122])
Poropuntius cogginii (Chaudhuri, 1911)
Barbus cogginii Chaudhuri, 1911b: 16, pl. 1 fig. 2 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Lake Tali Fu [Dali]; syntypes:
ZSI F 4680/1 [1], 4682/1 [1], 4685 [1], 4686 [1])
Barbus gregorii Norman, 1923b: 562 (type locality: China:
Yunnan: Lake Tali [Dali]; syntypes [7]: BMNH
1923.2.21.29–36 [8], Banister, 1973: 143; primary jun-
ior homonym of Barbus gregorii Boulenger, 1902a: 422)
Barbus yunnanensis Fowler, 1958a: 12 (replacement name
for Barbus gregorii Norman, 1923b: 562; primary jun-
ior homonym of Barbus yunnanensis Regan, 1904a: 191)
Barbus susanae Banister, 1973: 143 (replacement name for
Barbus gregorii Norman, 1923b: 562)
Barbodes daliensis Wu & Lin, in Wu, 1977: 251, pl. 7-11
(replacement name for Barbus gregorii Norman, 1923b:
562)
Distribution notes. The type locality of Barbus gregorii is
not known with accuracy. BMNH register indicates that the
specimens were from Lake Tali [Dali].
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
144
Poropuntius consternans Kottelat, 2000
Poropuntius bolovenensis acuticeps Roberts, 1998b: 125,
fig. 5 (above) (infrasubspecific, name not available; lo-
cality: Laos: Champasak Province: Bolavens Plateau,
Sekong drainage, Xe Nam Noi 300 m downstream from
primary dam site of Xe Nam Noi–Xe Pian hydropower
scheme [15°03'27.0"N 106°36'10.0"E])
Poropuntius consternans Kottelat, 2000a: 48 (type locality:
Laos: Champasak Province: Bolavens Plateau, Sekong
drainage, Xe Nam Noi 300 m downstream from primary
dam site of Xe Nam Noi–Xe Pian hydropower scheme
[15°03'27.0"N 106°36'10.0"E], Bolavens Plateau,
Sekong watershed; holotype: CAS 94255)
Poropuntius deauratus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Va-
lenciennes, 1842)
Barbus deauratus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 188 (type locality: Vietnam: Cochinchina [South
of Hué; Kottelat, 2000a: 45]; holotype: MNHN 2727,
Bertin & Estève, 1948: 26)
Poropuntius exiguus (Wu & Lin, in Wu, 1977)
Barbodes exigua Wu & Lin, in Wu, 1977: 249, pl. 7-9 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Xizhou [Lake Er-Hai basin];
syntypes: IHB 579301–303, 58002, 58008, 646663–665,
667, 672, 674, 675, 680, 682, 1–3 [17])
Poropuntius faucis (Smith, 1945)
Puntius faucis Smith, 1945: 180, fig. 30 (type locality: Thai-
land: Chiang Mai Province: gorge of the Mechem, trib-
utary of the Meping; holotype: USNM 119497)
Poropuntius genyognathus Roberts, 1998
Poropuntius genyognathus Roberts, 1998b: 127, fig. 7 (type
locality: Myanmar: Tenasserim: Chawa Kloh, upstream
from Kita or Htee-tah; holotype: CAS 94485)
Poropuntius hampaloides (Vinciguerra, 1890)
Barbus hampaloides Vinciguerra, 1890: 298, pl. 9 fig. 8 (type
locality: Burma: Meetan [Mitan Chaung, rivulet flow-
ing south from summit of Mulayet Taung, 16°11'N
98°32'E; Ng & Kottelat, 2001: 500]; holotype: MCSNG
17326, Tortonese, 1961: 185)
? Poropuntius scapanognathus Roberts, 1998b: 131, fig. 12
(type locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Huay
Kong just below mouth of Huay Long, near km 45 on
highway 1126 northwest of Mae Hong Son; holotype:
CAS 94463)
Poropuntius hathe Roberts, 1998
Poropuntius hathe Roberts, 1998b: 129, fig. 9 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: rapids in Menam Moei next to highway
1035, 129 km north of Mae Sot; holotype: CAS 94262)
Poropuntius heterolepidotus Roberts, 1998
Poropuntius heterolepidotus Roberts, 1998b: 129 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Salween basin: Nam Khong near Nam
Tok Susa; holotype: CAS 94265)
Poropuntius huangchuchieni (Tchang, 1962)
Barbus huangchuchieni Tchang, 1962: 96, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: China: Yunnan: Hsi-Shuan-Pan-Na [Xishuangban-
na]; syntypes: ASIZB [3], Zhang, 1996: 499)
Taxonomic notes. Chen & Yang (2003: 384) showed that
P. huangchuchieni is distinct from P. carinatus, but they err
in stating that Kottelat (2001a: 36) wrote that P. huang-
chuchieni is a synonym of P. krempfi. Kottelat explicitly
wrote that the holotype of P. krempfi is a species of Poro-
puntius, that he doubted that material of B. huangchuchieni
in Chu & Chen (1989: 201) from Salween, Mekong and
Red River basins constitute a single species and especially
that the Red River material belongs to the same species as
the Mekong [type locality] material, and he suggested that
the Red River one possibly is P. krempfi. He did not men-
tion differentiation into subspecies. Chen & Yang did not
discuss the differences noted by Kottelat (2001a) between
Tchang's original description and Chu & Chen's (1989: 201)
redescription.
Poropuntius kontumensis (Chevey, 1934)
Cyclocheilichthys kontumensis Chevey, 1934: 32, fig. 1 (type
locality: Vietnam: Annam: Pleiku Province: Kontum
Lake [Sesan system, Mekong drainage]; syntypes: ?
MNHN, ? ION)
Poropuntius kontumensis rasorius Roberts, 1998b: 130,
fig. 10 (infrasubspecific, name not available; locality:
Vietnam: Dac Lac Province: "Sai Gon river basin, large
mountain stream tributary of Da Dung and Song Dong
Nai south of Ban Ma Thuot at Cau Daktik 2 bridge 5.7 km
on road from Gia Nghin to Dong Xoai")
Poropuntius krempfi (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934)
Barbus Krempfi Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934: 339 (type local-
ity: Vietnam: Tonkin: Ngoi-Thia River at Nghia Lô, trib-
utary of Red River upstream of Yên Bay; holotype:
MNHN 1934-0262; see also Pellegrin & Chevey, 1935b:
467, fig. 2)
Poropuntius laoensis (Günther, 1868)
Barbus laoensis Günther, 1868a: 115 (type locality: Laos
Moutains; holotype: BMNH 1862.7.28.15, Kottelat,
1998a: 48)
Barbus chondrorhynchus Fowler, 1934a: 123, fig. 81 (type
locality: Burma: Shan States: Keng Tung; holotype:
ANSP 58062, Böhlke, 1984: 73)
Poropuntius lobocheiloides Kottelat, 2000
Poropuntius bolovenensis glaridostoma Roberts, 1998b:
126, fig. 5 (bottom) (infrasubspecific, name not avail-
able; locality: Laos: Champasak Province: Bolavens Pla-
teau, Sekong basin, Xe Nam Noi 300 m downstream from
primary dam site of Xe Nam Noi–Xe Pian hydropower
scheme [15°03'27.0"N 106°36'10.0"E])
Poropuntius bolovenensis laticeps Roberts, 1998b: 127 (in-
frasubspecific, name not available; locality: Laos: Cham-
pasak Province: Bolavens Plateau, Sekong basin, Xe
Nam Noi 300 m downstream from primary dam site of
Xe Nam Noi–Xe Pian hydropower scheme
[15°03'27.0"N 106°36'10.0"E])
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
145
Poropuntius lobocheiloides Kottelat, 2000a: 48 (type local-
ity: Laos: Champasak Province: Bolavens Plateau, Xe
Nam Noi 300 m downstream from main dam site for Xe
Nam Noi–Xe Pian hydropower scheme [15°03'27.0"N
106°36'10.0"E], Bolavens Plateau, Sekong watershed;
holotype: CAS 94257)
Poropuntius margarianus (Anderson, 1879)
Barbus margarianus Anderson, 1879: 867, pl. 79 fig. 1 (type
locality: Burma: Nampoung River [stream making the
Burma–China border; close to confluence with Tapeng
River; Anderson, 1876: 84, 420, map; about 24°26'50"N
97°31'50"E; Irrawaddy drainage], Kakhyen hills; synty-
pes [2]: BMNH 1875.8.4.1 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Poropuntius melanogrammus Roberts, 1998
Poropuntius melanogrammus Roberts, 1998b: 130, fig. 11
(type locality: Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province: Huay
Sangkalia on road to Chedi Sam Ong, 7 km north of
Sangklaburi; holotype: CAS 94269)
Poropuntius normani Smith, 1931
Poropuntius normani Smith, 1931a: 15 (type locality: Thai-
land: Chantaburi Province: Pliew waterfall [Nam Tok
Pliu] on Kao Sabap, near Chantaburi; holotype: USNM
90297)
Poropuntius opisthopterus (Wu, in Wu, 1977)
Barbodes opisthoptera Wu, in Wu, 1977: 246, pl. 7-7 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Huizen Cho, Baoshan; synty-
pes: IHB 585295, 326, 327, 329–336, 338–340, 345 [15];
a compound adjective)
? Poropuntius schanicus (Boulenger, 1893)
Barbus schanicus Boulenger, 1893: 201 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Southern Shan States: Toungyi and Fort Stedman;
syntypes [6]: BMNH 1896.6.30.25–26 [4], 1893.6.30.27–
28 [2]
, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Poropuntius shanensis (Hora & Mukerji, 1934)
Barbus shanensis Hora & Mukerji, 1934b: 362, fig. 3 (type
locality: Burma: S. Shan States: Lawksawk Canal at
Lawksawk; holotype: ZSI F 16625/1)
Poropuntius smedleyi (de Beaufort, 1933)
Lissochilus smedleyi de Beaufort, 1933: 34 (type locality:
Malaysia: Johor; syntypes: ZRC [1, missing], ZMA
101.007 [1], Nijssen et al., 1993: 214)
Poropuntius solitus Kottelat, 2000
Poropuntius solitus Kottelat, 2000a: 48, fig. 15 (type local-
ity: Laos: Champasak Province: Bolavens Plateau, Huay
Makchan-Gnai (Xe Nam Noy basin), south of Ban Taot,
at turnoff to Xe Nam Noy Project, on road from Pakse to
Attapu; 15°04'14"N 106°32'33"E; holotype: ZRC 45310)
Poropuntius speleops (Roberts, 1992)
Barbus speleops Roberts, 1992e: 104, figs. 1–3 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Tham Phu
Khieo, 16°02'05"N 101°32'10"E; holotype: CAS 67194)
Poropuntius tawarensis (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)
Puntius tawarensis Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 185 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh: Lake Laut Tawar;
syntypes: ZMA 112.646 [11], Nijssen et al., 1993: 215
[Weber & de Beaufort stated "type of the species in"
ZMA; this is not a holotype designation as Code art.
73.1.1 requires that the authors state "that one specimen
[…] is the type"; the authors stated where the type is but
not which of their specimen is the type, so this is not a
holotype designation; in addition no specimen has been
separated and can now be recognised as the holotype;
therefore, all specimens are syntypes])
? Poropuntius yalyensis (Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001)
Acrossocheilus yalyensis Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 393, fig. 193 (type locality: Vietnam: Kon Tum
Province: Sesan River; holotype: NCNTTSI
H.01.72.15.01)
Probarbus Sauvage, 1880
Probarbus Sauvage, 1880d: 232 (type species: Probarbus
jullieni Sauvage, 1880d: 232, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Probarbus jullieni Sauvage, 1880
Probarbus Jullieni Sauvage, 1880d: 232 (type locality: Laos;
lectotype: MNHN 9647, designated by Kottelat, 1984a:
804, 2000d: 85)
Cyclocheilichthys Jullieni Sauvage, 1880d: 230 (type local-
ity: Laos; neotype: MNHN 9647, designated by Kotte-
lat, 2000d: 86; simultaneous objective synonym and si-
multaneous secondary homonym of Probarbus jullieni
Sauvage, 1880d: 232, first reviser [Kottelat, 1984a: 800]
gave precedence to Probarbus jullieni)
Barbus pahangensis Duncker, 1904: 179, pl. 1 fig. 4 (type
locality: Malaysia: Pahang River upstream of Kuala Kit-
chal, 88–120 river-km from the mouth [about between
Kampong Chini and Kampong Kuala Jempol]; lectotype:
ZMH 362 [formerly 8442], designated by Ladiges et al.,
1958: 158)
Probarbus labeamajor Roberts, 1992
Probarbus labeamajor Roberts, 1992c: 45, fig. 5 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Mekong River near Khong Chiam; ho-
lotype: TISTR 2644)
Probarbus labeaminor Roberts, 1992
Probarbus labeaminor Roberts, 1992c: 46, fig. 6 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Mekong River near That Phanom; ho-
lotype: TISTR 2647)
Procypris Lin, 1933
Procypris Lin, 1933c: 193 (type species: Procypris mera
Lin, 1933c: 194, by original designation). Gender femi-
nine.
Paraprocypris Fang, 1936b: 707 (type species: Parapro-
cypris papillosolabiata Fang, 1936b: 708, by original
designation). Gender feminine.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
146
Procypris mera Lin, 1933
Procypris merus Lin, 1933c: 194, fig. 1 (type locality: Chi-
na: Kwangsi: West River near Nanning; holotype: FESC
1300)
Procypris niger Herre & Lin, 1934: 311, pl. 33 (type local-
ity: China: Guangxi: Fu River near Wuchow; holotype:
FESC 1301)
Pseudogobio Bleeker, 1860
Pseudogobio Bleeker, 1860c: 425 (type species: Gobio
esocinus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 196, by subse-
quent monotypy in Bleeker, 1860i: 92, 1860j: 115, 215).
Gender masculine.
Pseudogobio guilinensis Yao & Yang, in Wu, 1977
Pseudogobio vaillanti guilinensis Yao & Yang, in Wu, 1977:
514, pl. 9-55 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Guilin; syn-
types: IHB 58-7-415, 752, 835, 807, 882 [7])
Microphysogobio giganteus Mai, 1978: 194, fig. 88 (type
locality: northern Vietnam: Red River basin: Cau River;
syntypes: DVZUT)
Pseudogobio vaillanti (Sauvage, 1878)
Rhinogobio Vaillanti Sauvage, 1878e: 87 (type locality:
China: eastern Kiangsi; holotype: MNHN 8235, Bertin
& Estève, 1948: 89, Fang, 1943: 402)
Pseudogobio anderssoni Rendahl, 1928: 89 (type locality:
China: Fukien: Chang-ting-hsien: Hsin-chiai [Fujian:
Ming Jiang drainage: Changting, Hsiu-chiao bridge];
syntypes: NRM 9977 [6])
Pseudogobio papillabrus Nichols, 1930: 2, fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: China: Fukien [Fujian]: Kienning; holotype:
AMNH 9679)
Pseudogobio longirostris Mori, 1934: Japanese p. 11, En-
glish p. 17, pl. 6 (type locality: China: Jehol: Te-ling-ho
at Ling-yuan; holotype: LU; spelt longirsotris Japanese
p. 11, an inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spell-
ing [Code art. 32.5.1])
Pseudohemiculter Nichols & Pope, 1927
Pseudohemiculter Nichols & Pope, 1927: 372 (subgenus of
Hemiculter Bleeker 1860c: 432; type species: Hemicul-
ter hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927: 372, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Pseudohemiculter dispar (Peters, 1881)
Hemiculter dispar Peters, 1881b: 1035, pl. 1 fig. 7 (type
locality: China: sent from Hong Kong; syntypes: ZMB
11321 [2], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Pseudohemiculter hainanensis (Boulenger, 1900)
Barilius hainanensis Boulenger, 1900a: 961, pl. 69 fig. 2
(type locality: China: Hainan: Five-Fingers Mt.; holo-
type: BMNH 1899.11.30.22, Banarescu, 1971a: 11)
Hemiculter hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927: 372, fig. 36
(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH
8379; secondary junior homonym of Barilius hainanen-
sis Boulenger, 1900a: 961)
Hemiculter hunanensis Tchang, 1930a: 134 (type locality:
China: Middle Yangtze River, Hou-nan; syntypes [150–
185 mm TL]: MNHN 1934-0135 [1], Bertin & Estève,
1948: 83 [as holotype]; also in Tchang, 1931a: 134)
Hemiculter kinghwaensis Wang, 1935: 48, fig. 4 (type lo-
cality: China: Chekiang [Zhejiang]: Kinghwa; holotype:
SSCN 15462)
? Hemiculter Jabouillei Chevey, 1936a: 431, fig. 3 (type
locality: China: Guangdong: "Surprise Lake, a crater lake
a few km from Fort-Bayard [Zhanjiang], in French Con-
cession of Kouang-Tchéou-Wan ["Guangzhou Bay"]";
syntypes: ? MNHN, ? ION)
Taxonomic notes. Valid species according to Chen (1998a:
177).
Pseudolaubuca Bleeker, 1864
Pseudolaubuca Bleeker, 1864m: 28 (type species: Pseudola-
ubuca sinensis Bleeker, 1864m: 29, by monotypy). Gen-
der feminine.
Parapelecus Günther, 1889a: 227 (type species: Parapele-
cus argenteus Günther, 1889a: 227, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Pseudolaubuca hotaya Mai, 1978
Pseudolaubuca hotaya Mai, 1978: 143, fig. 63 (type local-
ity: Vietnam: Hanoi, Tay Lake; holotype: DVZUT)
Pseudolaubuca sinensis Bleeker, 1864
Pseudolaubuca sinensis Bleeker, 1864m: 29 (type locality:
China; holotype [182 mm TL]: MNHN 2063, Bertin &
Estève, 1948: 83, Banarescu, 1964: 84, pl. 1 fig. 1)
Parapelecus argenteus Günther, 1889a: 227 (type locality:
China: Yangtze basin: Kiukiang; syntypes: BMNH
1889.6.8.107, Eschmeyer, 2010 [listed as 1889.6.8.104
and erroneously as holotype by Banarescu, 1971a: 14])
Parapelecus machaerius Abbott, 1901: 488, fig. (type lo-
cality: China: Pei-Ho River at Tien-Tsin; holotype: CAS-
SU 6307)
Chela nicholsi Fowler, 1923a: 1 (type locality: China: An-
Hwei Province: Ningkuo; holotype: AMNH 8254 [Ba-
narescu, 1971a: 14, and Eschmeyer, 2010, listed holo-
type as AMNH 8480]
Parapelecus fukiensis Nichols, 1926b: 7, fig. 6 (type local-
ity: China: Fukien [Fujian]; holotype: AMNH 8479)
Parapelecus tungchowensis Tchang, 1932: 121, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Hopei: Tungchow; holotype: ZMFMIB
3110)
Pseudolaubuca sinensis vietnamensis Mai, 1978: 143, fig.
62 (type locality: northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Chen (1998a: 156)
and Banarescu (1964).
Pseudorasbora Bleeker, 1859
Pseudorasbora Bleeker, 1859l: 261 (type species: Leuciscus
pusillus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 216, by monoty-
py; also in Bleeker, 1860c: 435). Gender feminine.
Fundulichthys Bleeker, 1860c: 439 (type species: Fundulus
virescens Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 225, by subse-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
147
quent designation by Bleeker, 1864a: 139; no species
originally included, first inclusion by Bleeker, 1864a:
139). Gender masculine.
Micraspius Dybowski, 1869: 953 (type species: Micraspius
mianowskii Dybowski, 1869: 954, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Leuciscus parvus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 215, 216,
pl. 102 fig. 3 (type locality: Japan: Nagasaki; lectotype:
RMNH 2634, designated by Boeseman, 1947: 164)
Leuciscus pusillus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 216, pl. 102
fig. 4 (type locality: Japan: Nagasaki; lectotype: RMNH
2639a, designated by Boeseman, 1947: 165; simulta-
neous subjective synonym of Leuciscus parvus Tem-
minck & Schlegel, 1846: 215, 216, first reviser [appar-
ently Günther,1864: 186] gave precedence to L. parvus)
Fundulus virescens Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 225, pl.
102 fig. 6 (type locality: Japan: Nagasaki; holotype: spec-
imen on which figure is based, not preserved; simulta-
neous subjective synonym of Leuciscus parvus Tem-
minck & Schlegel, 1846: 215, 216, first reviser [appar-
ently Berg, 1932: 402] gave precedence to L. parvus)
Micraspius mianowskii Dybowski, 1869: 954 (type locali-
ty: Russia: Onon and Ingoda basins [numerous locali-
ties listed]; syntypes: BMNH 1871.7.19.28 [1], NMW
50853 [3], 51725 [2], ? IZPAN 14192, Sinicyn, 1900:
47, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Pseudorasbora altipinna Nichols, 1925e: 5 (type locality:
China: Sichuan: Yen-ching-kao; holotype: AMNH 8428)
Pseudorasbora fowleri Nichols, 1925e: 5 (available by in-
dication to Aphyocypris chinensis of Fowler, 1924c: 383,
fig. 1; type locality: China: Anhwei: Ningkwo [Su-
ancheng]; holotype: AMNH 10324, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Pseudorasbora depressirostris Nichols, 1925e: 5 (type lo-
cality: China: Shansi: Chin-ssu; holotype: AMNH 8429)
Pseudorasbora monstrosa Nichols, 1925e: 6 (type locality:
China: Fukien [Fujian]: near Yenping [Yanping]; holo-
type: AMNH 8430)
Pseudorasbora parva parvula Nichols, 1929: 8, fig. 5 (type
locality: China: Shantung: Tsinan; holotype: AMNH 9655)
Pseudorasbora parva tenuis Nichols, 1929: 10, fig. 6 (type
locality: China: Shantung: Tsinan; holotype: AMNH 9656)
Pseudorasbora parva uchidai Okada & Kubota, 1957: 99,
fig. 1 (type locality: Japan: Mie Precture: streams and
ponds around Tsu City; syntypes: ? FRLM [20]).
Distribution notes. In area: native in Red River drainage,
coastal drainages of Guangxi and Hainan, introduced else-
where.
Ptychobarbus Steindachner, 1866
Ptychobarbus Steindachner, 1866e: 789 (type species: Pty-
chobarbus conirostris Steindachner, 1866e: 790, by
monotypy). Gender masculine.
Ptychobarbus kaznakovi Nikolski, 1903
Ptychobarbus kaznakovi Nikolski, 1903: 91 (type locality:
China: Tibet: "Dza-tschju River in Kam territory"; syn-
types: ZISP 12687 [2], 12688 [2])
Puntigrus Kottelat, 2013
Puntigrus Kottelat, 2013: 483 [appendix to present work]
(type species: Barbus partipentazona Fowler, 1934b:
344, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Puntigrus anchisporus (Vaillant, 1902)
Barbus anchisporus Vaillant, 1902: 96, fig. 27 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas, prob-
ably at Sintang; lectotype: RMNH 7732, designated by
Alfred, 1963b: 138)
Puntigrus navjotsodhii (Tan, 2012)
Systomus navjotsodhii Tan, 2012: 286, fig. 2 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Katingan drain-
age, Mendawai system: hill stream at buffer zone of Bukit
Raya–Bukit Baka National Park, ca. 200 masl, 0°44.91'S
112°15.85'E; holotype: MZB 17198)
Puntigrus partipentazona (Fowler, 1934)
Barbus partipentazona Fowler, 1934b: 344, fig. 8 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Kratt [Trat]; holotype: ANSP 60200,
Böhlke, 1984: 86)
Puntigrus pulcher (Rendahl, 1922)
Puntius pulcher Rendahl, 1922b: 203 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Kayan River near
Bulungan, from coast to Pipa River; holotype: ZMUO
J5309, Pethon, 1969: 4)
Puntigrus tetrazona (Bleeker, 1855)
Capoeta tetrazona Bleeker, 1855h: 262 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Palembang Province [Sumatera Sela-
tan]: Lahat; syntypes [5, 30–42 mm TL]: RMNH 4951
[3], BMNH 1866.5.2.208 [1], 1867.11.28.178 [1], Al-
fred, 1963b: 136)
Systomus sumatranus Bleeker, 1859l: 152 (unnecessary repla-
cement name for Capoeta tetrazona Bleeker, 1855h: 262)
Systomus sumatrensis Bleeker, 1860a: 53 (unnecessary repla-
cement name for Capoeta tetrazona Bleeker, 1855h: 262)
Puntioplites Smith, 1929
Puntioplites Smith, 1929: 11 (type species: Puntius proc-
tozysron Bleeker, 1864k: 200, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Adamacypris Fowler, 1934a: 125 (subgenus of Labeo Cu-
vier, 1816a: 194; type species: Puntius proctozysron
Bleeker, 1864k: 200, by original designation; objective
junior synonym of Puntioplites Smith, 1929: 11). Gen-
der feminine.
Puntioplites bulu (Bleeker, 1851)
Systomus bulu Bleeker, 1851l: 207 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; synty-
pes [3, 100–125 mm TL]: among RMNH 2913 [2], Ba-
narescu, 1978: 114 [as paratypes], 7029 [1, listed as lec-
totype by Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 296, but explicitly not
a lectotype designation], BMNH 1866.5.2.199 [1], NMV
45893 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Nomenclatural notes. The 'cotype' listed by Bertin & Es-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
148
tève (1948: 28) cannot be a type as it has been collected in
Sumatra, while the type locality is Borneo.
Puntioplites falcifer Smith, 1929
Puntioplites falcifer Smith, 1929: 12 (type locality: Thai-
land: Mekong / Nong Han at Sakon Nakon / Menam
Mun; syntypes: USNM or KUMF ?)
Puntioplites proctozysron (Bleeker, 1864)
? Barbus carassioides Heckel, 1843: 1019 (type locality:
Borneo; types: ? NMW, lost; here declared a nomen obli-
tum under Code art. 23.9.2, as it has not been used as a
valid name since 1899 [Code art. 23.9.1.1], and Puntius
(Puntius) proctozysron Bleeker, 1864k has been used in
at least 25 works in the last 50 years [Code art. 23.9.1.2])
Puntius proctozysron Bleeker, 1864g: 35 (nomen nudum);
1864j: 176 (nomen nudum)
Puntius proctozysron Bleeker, 1864k: 200, pl. (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Bangkok, Ayuttaya; lectotype: MNHN
1830, designated by Banarescu, 1978: 114, fig. 2; here
declared a nomen protectum under Code art. 23.9.2, used
in at least 25 works in the last 50 years, listed under
Nomenclatural notes [Code art. 23.9.1.2])
Barbus smithi Hora, 1923b: 156, pl. 11 fig. 1 (type locality:
Thailand: Bangkok; syntypes: ZSI F 10526/1 [2], Me-
non & Yazdani, 1968: 106)
Taxonomic notes. The description of Barbus carassioides
is very brief, but Heckel mentioned the serrated posterior
edge of the last simple anal-fin ray. This character is known
in a single species of Cyprinidae in Southeast Asia, Pun-
tioplioplites proctozysron. This species, however, has never
been found in Borneo, the type locality of B. carassioides.
Unfortunately, the types cannot be located (H. Wellendorf,
pers. comm.).
Nomenclatural notes. As B. carassioides has not been used
as the name of a valid species since the original description
and P. proctozyson has been used more than 25 times by
more than 10 authors in the last 50 years, under Code art.
23.9.2, I declare B. carassioides Heckel, 1843 a nomen obli-
tum and P. proctozysron Bleeker, 1864 a nomen protectum.
List of 25 works in which P. proctozysron is used as a valid
name: (1) Banarescu, 1978: 114; (2) Boonchot & Wong-
sawad, 2005: 103; (3) Cheng & Zheng, 1987: 178; (4) Chin-
abut & Lim, 1994: 42; (5) Chu & Chen, 1989: 323; (6) Doi,
1997: 10; (7) Freyhof et al., 2000: 95; (8) Johnsen, 1963:
148; (9–12) Kottelat, 1985a: 265, 1989: 10, 1998a: 48,
2001c: 72; (13) Magtoon & Arai, 1993: 77; (14) Rainboth,
1996: 93; (15–16) Taki, 1968: 12, 1974b: 132; (17) Taki &
Katsuyama, 1979: 255; (18) Wang, 1979: 421; (19) Wu,
1977: 397; (20) Yue, 2000: 392; (21) Yue & Chen, 1998:
164; (22–23) Zakaria-Ismail, 1984: 24, 1988: 23; (24) Zhou,
1989: 248; (25) Zhu, 1995: 96.
Puntioplites waandersi (Bleeker, 1859)
Systomus Waandersi Bleeker, 1859b: 358 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Ngawi; holotype [310 mm TL]: BMNH
1866.5.2.198, Eschmeyer, 2010 [information on type
material not provided in Bleeker, 1859b, but given in
1860j: 359])
Puntius nini Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 202, fig. 75 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Bunut; lectotype: ZMA
115.181, designated by Banarescu, 1978: 116, fig. 7
[Weber & de Beaufort stated "type of the species in"
ZMA; this is not a holotype designation as Code art.
73.1.1 requires that the authors explicitly state which
specimen is the holotype; Weber & de Beaufort stated
where the type is but not which of their specimens is the
type, so this is not a holotype designation; in addition no
specimen had been separated and can now be recogn-
ised as the holotype in ZMA; therefore, all specimens
are syntypes])
Puntius Hamilton, 1822
Puntius Hamilton, 1822: 310, 388 (subgenus of Cyprinus
Linnaeus, 1758: 320; type species: Cyprinus sophore
Hamilton, 1822: 310, by subsequent designation by Blee-
ker, 1863e: 199, 1863l: 263, 1863m: 27). Gender mas-
culine.
Distribution notes. Records of P. filamentosus from Myan-
mar (e.g. Talwar & Jhingran, 1991: 270 are unlikely as the
species is known only from Kerala, India (Pethiyagoda &
Kottelat, 2005: 130). Puntius filamentosus is now placed in
genus Dawkinsia (Pethiyagoda et al., 2012). Records of
P. puntio from Myanmar are dubious; see also Kullander
(2008: 80).
Nomenclatural notes. Capoeta Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1842: 278 is not available for Southeast Asian
cyprinids. Its type species is not Capoeta amphibia Valen-
ciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 282, as designat-
ed by Bleeker (1863e: 200, 1863m: 27), but Cyprinus ca-
poeta Gueldenstaedt, 1773: 508, by absolute tautonymy.
[Dawkinsia Pethiyagoda, Meegaskumbura & Maduwage, 2012: 80 (type
species: Leuciscus filamentosus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1844: 96, by original designation). Gender feminine].
[Leuciscus filamentosus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844:
96, pl. 492 (type locality: India: Alypey; lectotype: MNHN 3908, des-
ignated by Pethiyagoda & Kottelat, 2005: 130, fig. 2)].
[Cyprinus puntio Hamilton, 1822: 318, 389 (type locality: India: southern
parts of Bengal; types: NT)].
Puntius brevis (Bleeker, 1849)
Capoëta brevis Bleeker, 1849h: 21 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: river in Gombong and Kalimas River [Bran-
tas] in Surabaya; syntypes [up to 70 mm TL]: BMNH
1866.5.2.210 [1], 1867.11.28.179–180 [2], Eschmeyer,
2010)
Capoeta javanica Bleeker, 1855k: 412 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Pasuruan in rivers and in Lake Grati; synty-
pes [23, 65–90 mm TL]: RMNH 928 [16], 4974 [1],
BMNH 1866.5.2.207 [1], 1863.12.4.85 [1], ? NMV
45902 [type status of cotypes listed by Bertin & Estève,
1948: 28 doubtful]; a secondary junior homonym of
Barbus javanicus Bleeker, 1855k, when placed in Sys-
tomus by Bleeker, 1859l: 151, 152)
Systomus leiacanthus Bleeker, 1859l: 152 (replacement
name for Capoeta javanica Bleeker, 1855k: 412)
Barbus liacanthus Günther, 1868a: 141 (unjustified emen-
dation of Systomus leiacanthus Bleeker, 1859l: 152)
? Barbus spilopterus Fowler, 1934a: 122, fig. 78 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP 59112,
Böhlke, 1984: 91)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
149
Puntius leiacanthus malayensis Menon, 1954: 21, fig. 9 (type
locality: Malaysia: Kelantan: Kota Bharu; holotype: ZSI
F 246/2, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 115)
? Puntius ocellatus Mai, 1978: 107, fig. 46 (type locality:
Vietnam: Lam River; syntypes: DVZUT)
Taxonomic notes. Rainboth et al. (2012: pl. 23) considered
P. leiacanthus and P. spilopterus to be distinct species, but
P. leiacanthus is a replacement name for P. brevis and can-
not be a distinct species.
Puntius burmanicus (Day, 1878)
Barbus burmanicus Day, 1878: 572, pl. 141 fig. 4 (type lo-
cality: Burma: Mergui and apparently other, unstated
localities; syntypes: among AMS B.7898, NMW 53977,
Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 155, Ferraris et al., 2000: 295)
Puntius chola (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus chola Hamilton, 1822: 312, 389 (type locality:
India: north-eastern parts of Bengal; types: NT; Hamil-
ton's unpublished figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839:
pl. 58 fig. 3)
Cyprinus titius Hamilton, 1822: 315, 389 (type locality: In-
dia: ponds near Calcutta; types: NT; simultaneous sub-
jective synonym of Cyprinus chola Hamilton, 1822: 312,
first reviser [apparently Menon, 1974: 37] gave prece-
dence to C. chola)
Systomus tetrarupagus M'Clelland, 1839: 285, 381, pl. 44
fig. 3 (type locality: India: Brahmaputra / Assam; types:
LU)
Leuciscus thermalis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1844: 94, pl. 490 (type locality: Sri Lanka: hot
springs of Cania; syntypes: MNHN 3364 [3], Bertin &
Estève, 1948: 27)
? Systomus unimaculatus Blyth, 1860b: 159 (type locality:
Burma: Tenasserim; syntypes: AMS B.7540, ? ZSI
[a number of fry; Day, 1870b: 557], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Puntius perlee Day, 1865c: 211 (type locality: India: Mala-
bar; syntypes: BMNH 1865.7.17.12, Whitehead & Tal-
war, 1976: 156)
Puntius masyai Smith, 1945
Puntius masyai Smith, 1945: 171, fig. 26 (type locality:
Thailand: Chantaburi Province: Ban Ang on Kao Sabap;
holotype: USNM 107954)
Taxonomic notes. Treated as valid by Rainboth et al. (2012:
pl. 23).
Puntius pugio Kullander, 2008
Puntius pugio Kullander, 2008: 74, fig. 11 (type locality:
Myanmar: Kachin State: Ayeyarwaddy River drainage:
Nan Kywe Chaung, 17 km on road Myitkyina–Mogaung,
200 m south of road, 800 m east of Sha Dau village;
holotype: NRM 56992)
Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus sophore Hamilton, 1822: 310, 389, pl. 19 fig. 86
(type locality: Bangladesh: Srimangal [Sreemangal] town
market, from Hail Hoar floodplain near Moulvi Bazaar
[original type locality: India: Ganges]; neotype: ZRC
35064, designated by Pethiyagoda et al., 2012: 73, fig. 2)
Systomus chrysopterus M'Clelland, 1839: 285, 381 (type lo-
cality: Bramaputrah in lower Assam / Bengal; types: LU)
Leuciscus stigma Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1844: 93, pl. 489 (type locality: India: Mysore; holo-
type: MNHN 6414, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 26)
Leuciscus sulphureus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1844: 96 (type locality: India: Mysore; holotype:
MNHN 3880, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 27)
Leuciscus Duvaucelii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1844: 95, pl. 491 (type locality: India: Bengal;
syntypes: MNHN 3575 [6], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 27)
Puntius modestus Kner, 1866: 547 (nomen nudum)
Puntius modestus Kner, 1867: 348, pl. 15 fig. 3 (type local-
ity: India: Madras; syntypes: NMW 54372 [4], 54373
[7], 54374 [4], 54375 [4], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Barbus annandalei Fowler, 1924b: 87, fig. 6 (type locality:
India: Sutlej River near Loodianali [Ludhiana]; holotype:
MCZ 18655)
Barbus carletoni Fowler, 1924b: 89, fig. 7 (type locality:
India: Dehra Doon; holotype: MCZ 4104, Eschmeyer,
2010)
Cyprinus chrysopareius Hora, 1933: 135 (not available,
name listed in synonymy)
Puntius sophoroides (Günther, 1868)
Barbus sophoroides Günther, 1868a: 144 (type locality: In-
dia: Cachar and Hooghly River; syntypes [3]: BMNH
1866.5.2.205 [1])
Distribution notes. Records from Myanmar require confir-
mation.
Raiamas Jordan, 1919
Bola Günther, 1868a: 293 (type species: Cyprinus bola
Hamilton, 1822: 274, by absolute tautonymy; junior hom-
onym of Bola Hamilton, 1822: 73). Gender feminine.
Raiamas Jordan, 1919c: 344 (replacement name for Bola
Günther, 1868a: 293). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Raiamas, as previously understood, in-
cluded two Asian species and several African species. As
expected, a recent morphological and molecular study (Liao
et al., 2013) found that the African species belong to dis-
tinct clades for which the names Opsaridium and Sagit-
tabarilius are available.
[Opsaridium Peters, 1854: 783 (type species: Leuciscus zambezensis Pe-
ters, 1852: 682, by monotypy). Gender neuter].
[Sagittabarilius Fowler, 1936b: 293 (subgenus of Barilius Hamilton, 1822:
266; type species: Barilius salmolucius Nichols & Griscom, 1917:
702, by original designation). Gender masculine].
Raiamas bola (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus bola Hamilton, 1822: 274, 385 (type locality: In-
dia: Brahmaputra; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished
figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 48 fig. 5; here
declared a nomen protectum under Code art. 23.9.2, used
in at least 25 works in the last 50 years, listed under
Nomenclatural notes [Code art. 23.9.1.2])
Cyprinus goha Hamilton, 1822: 275, 385 (type locality: In-
dia: Kosi, Yamuna and Son rivers; types: LU; Hamil-
ton's unpublished drawing reproduced in Gray, 1830: vol.
1, pl. 86 fig. 2; simultaneous subjective synonym of
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
150
Cyprinus bola Hamilton, 1822: 274, first reviser
[Günther, 1868a: 293] gave precedence to C. goha; here
declared a nomen oblitum under Code art. 23.9.2, as it
has not been used as a valid name since 1899 [Code art.
23.9.1.1], and Cyprinus bola Hamilton, 1822 has been
used in at least 25 works in the last 50 years [Code art.
23.9.1.2])
Opsarius gracilis M'Clelland, 1839: 297, 419, pl. 47 fig. 1
(type locality: India: Assam and rivers Kosi, Jumna,
Ganges and Soane; types: LU [material examined by
M'Clelland and basis of Cyprinus goha Hamilton, 1822:
275])
Opsarius megastomus M'Clelland, 1839: 298, 420, pl. 48
fig. 5 (unnecessary replacement name for Cyprinus bola
Hamilton, 1822: 274)
Leuciscus salmoides Blyth, 1858b: 289 (type locality: In-
dia: Uttar Pradesh: Allahabad; holotype: ? ZSI)
Barilius jalkapoorei Shrestha, 1978: 34 (nomen nudum)
Barilius corbetti Tilak & Hussain, 1980: 41, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: India: Uttar Pradesh: Pauri Garhwal District:
Patairpali Nana, Corbett National Park; holotype: ZSI/
NRS V-1194)
Barilius jalkapoorei Shrestha, 1981: 34, fig. 13 (type local-
ity: Nepal: Chatra: Kosi River / Dolalghat: Indrawati
River / Harincha / Birgunj, Bagmati River; holotype:
Tribhuvan Univ.)
Nomenclatural notes. List of 25 works in which Cyprinus
bola Hamilton, 1822 is used as valid name, published by at
least 10 authors, in the immediately preceeding 50 years
and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (Code
art. 23.9.2): (1) Arunkumar & Tombi Singh, 2000b: 248;
(2) Banarescu & Coad, 1991: 148; (3) Daniels, 2002: 23;
(4) Datta Munshi & Srivastava, 1988: 131; (5) Dutta et al.,
1993: 2; (6–7) Jayaram, 1981: 88, 1999: 71; (8–9) Menon,
1974: 12, 1999: 22; (10) Nath & Dey, 2000: 31; (11) Negi,
1994: 170; (12) Pillai & Yazdani, 1977: 4; (13) Rahman,
1989: 91; (14) N. Sen, 1995: 53: 2; (15) T. K. Sen, 1985:
34; (16–18) J. Shrestha, 1978: 34, 1981: 33, 1994: 17;
(19) T. K. Shrestha, 2008: 101; (20) Siddiqui, 2007: 85;
(21) Srivastava, 1998: 26; (22) Talwar & Jhingran, 1991:
384; (23) Tilak & Husain, 1977: 272; (24) Uniyal & Kumar,
2006: 41; (25) Vishwanath et al., 2007: 24.
Raiamas guttatus (Day, 1870)
Opsarius guttatus Day, 1870c: 620 (type locality: Burma:
Irrawaddi from Prome to Mandalay; syntypes: among
ZSI A.887, 2221, 2727 [lost], BMNH 1889.2.1.1157 [1],
AMS B.8224 [1], NMW 54875–54876, Whitehead &
Talwar, 1976: 155, Ferraris et al., 2000: 297)
Bola Harmandi Sauvage, 1880d: 231 (type locality: Cam-
bodia: Great Lakes; holotype: MNHN A.2399, Kottelat,
1984a: 797)
Luciosoma fasciata Yang & Huang, in Wu, 1964: 53, pl. 1-
41 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yun Jing Hong; synty-
pes: IHB [7])
Rasbora Bleeker, 1859
Rasbora Bleeker, 1859f: 361, 371 (type species: Leuciscus
cephalotaenia Bleeker, 1852c: 97, by subsequent desig-
nation by Bleeker, 1863e: 202, 1863m: 28 [see Kottelat,
1999a: 597]). Gender feminine.
Parluciosoma Howes, 1980a: 183 (type species: Leuciscus
argyrotaenia Bleeker, 1849h: 21, by original designa-
tion). Gender neuter.
Taxonomic notes. Rasbora has for long been known as an
heterogeneous assemblage of lineages, several of them eas-
ily distinguished (see, e.g. species groups or complexes of
Brittan, 1954, Kottelat & Vidthyanon, 1993). It is thus no
wonder that several molecular studies have found the genus
to be paraphyletic (e.g. Rüber et al., 2007, Fang et al., 2009).
Some of the most distinctive lineages have been named (e.g.
Boraras, Trigonostigma), but, for a variety of reasons, most
remain unnamed.
In a recent molecular study, Tang et al. (2010: 206) treated
all these genera as synonyms of Rasbora because "there
would not be enough available names to apply to all of the
monophyletic groups found in this polyphyletic assemblage".
This reasoning does not make sense and is not followed.
If the authors have confidence in their results and feel there
is insufficient existing names, they should create those need-
ed. Or, if they do not have confidence in their results, then
there is no justification for changing the status of Boraras,
Trigonostigma, Brevibora, Kottelatia, Rasbosoma and Tri-
gonopoma until better results are obtained.
Tang et al. also commented (p. 206) that "All of these
names remain available for future workers who wish to
recognise additional diversity within Rasbora sensu lato once
its relationships have been more fully explored". Diversity
either exists or does not exist: it is not something that work-
ers decide to recognise or not. Diversity exists, whether
names exist or not.
More significantly, despite a tree based on a "limited"
(p. 206) taxonomic sampling, Tang et al. made nomencla-
tural changes, which they already expected to be reverted.
They commented that "recognition" of these names "will
only increase taxonomic confusion within the already prob-
lematic genus Rasbora". The lineage Rasbora includes many
species but its taxonomy is not confused, even with a large
number of new species still being described. Known no-
menclatural issues have been resolved. It is the unnecessary
changes and reversals that create confusion, not the recog-
nition of clearly identifiable and monophyletic lineages with-
in a polyphyletic Rasbora sensu lato. On the contrary, nam-
ing these well defined lineages simplifies communication
and reduces risks of confusion. The automatic but prema-
ture transposition into nomenclature of a molecular-only tree
missing the majority of the species creates the very confu-
sion that the authors pretend to avoid.
Species inquirenda
Rasbora gerlachi Ahl, 1928: 205 (type locality: Cameroon
[erroneous]; syntypes: ZMB 21647 [2], Paepke, 1995:
91, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Taxonomic notes. Sometimes treated as synonym of
R. bankanensis. The most obvious character of R. bankan-
ensis is the black spot on the anterior edge of the anal fin.
The anal fin is missing in one syntype. On the other synty-
pes the simple rays are missing and no pigment can be seen
on the remaining rays.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
151
Rasbora amplistriga Kottelat, 2000
Rasbora amplistriga Kottelat, 2000a: 50, fig. 18 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Xekong Province: Nam Vi at ford downri-
ver (1.5 km NW) of Ban Kasang-Kan; 15°17'55"N
106°54'10"E; holotype: ZRC 45313)
Rasbora api Lumbantobing, 2010
Rasbora api Lumbantobing, 2010: 4, figs. 5a, 6a (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Sumatera Utara: Kabupaten
Tapanuli Tengah: irrigation canal of Aek Pinangsori River
(tributary of Batang Lumut River) on road between Si-
bolga and Batangtoru, 1°33'59"N 98°54'62"E; holotype:
MZB 16457)
Rasbora aprotaenia Hubbs & Brittan, in Brittan, 1954
Rasbora aprotaenia Hubbs & Brittan, in Brittan, 1954: 50,
fig. 5 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Tjilowaeng River
[Ciliwung]; holotype: UMMZ 157126)
Rasbora argyrotaenia (Bleeker, 1849)
Leuciscus argyrotaenia Bleeker, 1849h: 21 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Banjumas, Gombong, Purworedjo and
Surabaya; syntypes [up to 79 mm TL]: part of RMNH
7036 [more than 100], BMNH 1866.5.2.152 [1], ? NMV
46548–46553 [6], Eschmeyer, 2010 [type status of spec-
imen listed as cotype by Bertin & Estève, 1948: 71 un-
likely])
Leuciscus cyanotaenia Bleeker, 1849h: 21 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: lake and stream in Ambarawa; synty-
pes [up to 69 mm TL]: part of RMNH 7036 [more than
100], Eschmeyer, 2010; simultaneous subjective syn-
onym of Leuciscus argyrotaenia Bleeker, 1849h: 21, first
reviser [Bleeker, 1859l: 154] gave precedence to L. ar-
gyrotaenia])
Leuciscus Schwenkii Bleeker, 1857a: 47 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Trussan [Tarusan]; holotype [70 mm
TL]: part of RMNH 7036 [more than 100], Eschmeyer,
2010)
Rasbora atranus Kottelat & Tan, 2011
Rasbora atranus Kottelat & Tan, 2011c: 215, figs. 1–3 (type
locality: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Long Iram subdis-
trict: Mahakam drainage, tributary of Sungai Hajuq,
about 1 km south of NE Lampunut camp (camp:
0°03.92'S 114°55.34'E); holotype: MZB 10975)
Rasbora atridorsalis Kottelat & Chu, 1988
Rasbora atridorsalis Kottelat & Chu, 1988a: 313, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Manzhuang,
21°25'N 101°46'E; holotype: KIZ 74159)
Rasbora aurotaenia Tirant, 1885
Rasbora aurotaenia Tirant, 1885 [1929: 141] (type locali-
ty: Vietnam: Cochinchina; lectotype: MGHNL
42000261, designated by Kottelat, 1987c: 15, fig. 9)
Rasbora retrodorsalis Smith, 1945: 110, fig. 12 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Bangkok, pond connected with Mae Nam
Chao Phraya; holotype: USNM 119520)
Rasbora baliensis Hubbs & Brittan, in Brittan, 1954
Rasbora baliensis Hubbs & Brittan, in Brittan, 1954: 45,
fig. 3 (type locality: Indonesia: Bali: Danau Bratan [Lake
Bratan]; holotype: UMMZ 157146)
Rasbora bankanensis (Bleeker, 1853)
Leuciscus bankanensis Bleeker, 1853l: 192 (type locality:
Indonesia: Banka [Bangka]: Marawang; holotype
[64 mm SL]: BMNH 1866.5.2.160, Alfred, 1963a: 129)
Rasbora borapetensis Smith, 1934
Rasbora borapetensis Smith, 1934: 302 (type locality: Thai-
land: Bung Borapet; holotype: KUMF 163, Monkolpra-
sit, 1969: 5)
Nomenclatural notes. Brittan (1954: 174) indicated that
the holotype is USNM 107956. This is the catalogue num-
ber originally indicated by Smith (1945) for his R. palus-
tris.
Rasbora borneensis Bleeker, 1860
Rasbora borneensis Bleeker, 1860j: 450 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; lec-
totype: BMNH 1866.5.2.155, designated by Alfred,
1963a: 132)
Rasbora bunguranensis Brittan, 1951
Rasbora elegans bunguranensis Brittan, 1951: 3, fig. 2 (type
locality: Indonesia: Natuna Islands: Bunguran Island;
holotype: BMNH 1912.12.10.11)
Rasbora calliura Boulenger, 1894
Rasbora calliura Boulenger, 1894a: 249 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Senah; syntypes [6]: BMNH
1872.8.19.6–7 [2], 1893.3.6.230–231 [2], 1893.3.6.247–
248 [2], Kottelat & Vidthayanon, 1993: 165, Eschmey-
er, 2010)
Rasbora layangi Fowler, 1939b: 66, fig. 15 (type locality:
Thailand: waterfall at Trang; holotype: ANSP 68499,
Böhlke, 1984: 81)
? Rasbora dorsimaculata Herre, 1940a: 9, pl. 3 (type local-
ity: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: 16 miles east of Ku-
ching; holotype: CAS-SU 33021, Böhlke, 1953: 37)
? Rasbora wijnbergi Meinken, 1963: 142, fig. (type locali-
ty: Brunei or Sarawak ?; holotype: ZMH 4365, Wilkens
& Dohse, 1993: 412)
Taxonomic notes. Rasbora calliura is mentioned as possi-
bly valid by Kottelat & Vidthayanon (1993: 174) and Kot-
telat & Lim (1995: 234). Treated as valid by Liao et al. (2010:
166).
Rasbora caudimaculata Volz, 1903
Rasbora caudimaculata Volz, 1903a: 559 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang: Semangus River, a trib-
utary of upper Musi; syntypes [2]: NMBE 1020707–
1020708; also in Volz, 1903b: 403, pl. 26 fig. 5)
Rasbora cephalotaenia (Bleeker, 1852)
Leuciscus cephalotaenia Bleeker, 1852c: 97 (type locality:
Indonesia: Belitung: Tjirutjup River; lectotype: BMNH
1866.5.2.151, designated by Alfred, 1963a: 130)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
152
Rasbora beauforti Hardenberg, 1937: 10 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Kotawaringin
drainage; Sungei Karang Enyir, near Karang Panjang
village; 2°44'14"S 111°36'05"E [original type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Kumai River];
neotype: ZRC 52443, designated by Kottelat & Tan,
2012a: 323, fig. 1b)
Rasbora chrysotaenia Ahl, 1937
Rasbora chrysotaenia Ahl, 1937: 114 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra ?: syntypes [4]: ZMB 20874 [1], Kotte-
lat, 1991b: 179)
Rasbora cryptica Kottelat & Tan, 2012
Rasbora cryptica Kottelat & Tan, 2012b: 38, fig. 1 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Serian, stream at
0.25 km towards Kampung Lanchang, tributary of Sun-
gai Kuhas, 6.9 km left at Tebelu Tebakang turnoff, 5.8 km
into right trail; holotype: ZRC 41204)
Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus daniconius Hamilton, 1822: 327, 391, pl. 15 fig. 89
(type locality: India: southern Bengal; types: NT; co-
loured original of Hamilton's figure in Silva et al., 2010:
46, fig. 23)
? Cyprinus anjana Hamilton, 1822: 328, 391 (type locality:
India: Puraniya district; types: NT; Hamilton's unpub-
lished figure reproduced in Hora, 1929a: pl. 23 fig. 2;
simultaneous subjective synonym of Cyprinus danico-
nius Hamilton, 1822: 327, first reviser [Günther, 1864a:
194] gave precedence to C. daniconius)
? Leuciscus lateralis M'Clelland, 1839: 292, 405 (unneces-
sary replacement name for Cyprinus anjana Hamilton,
1822: 328)
? Rasbora zanzibarensis Günther, in Playfair & Günther,
1867: 119, pl. 17 fig. 4 (type locality: Tanzania: Rovu-
ma River [erroneous locality or identification]; holotype:
BMNH 1867.3.9.506, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Cyprinus bivittatus Hora, 1933: 135 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Rasbora palustris Smith, 1945: 108, fig. 10 (type locality:
Thailand: Nakhon Sawan Province: Bung Borapet; ho-
lotype: USNM 107956)
Rasbora dies Kottelat, 2008
Rasbora dies Kottelat, 2008a: 301, fig. 1 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Tarakan Island;
holotype: MZB 10980)
Rasbora dorsinotata Kottelat, in Kottelat & Chu, 1988
Rasbora dorsinotata Kottelat, in Kottelat & Chu, 1988a: 315,
fig. 2 (type locality: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Mae
Nam Huey Bon, km 45 on road from Amphoe Tha Wang
Pha to Amphoe Chiang Kham; holotype: ZSM 26627)
Rasbora dusonensis (Bleeker, 1850)
Leuciscus dusonensis Bleeker, 1850i: 14 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin, in
river Duson or Banjer; holotype [115 mm TL]: RMNH
7037, Alfred, 1963a: 130)
Taxonomic notes. Identity discussed by Ng & Kottelat
(2013d: 67).
Rasbora einthovenii (Bleeker, 1851)
Leuciscus Einthovenii Bleeker, 1851p: 434 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; holotype
[58 mm TL]: ? BMNH 1866.5.2.158 [1], Eschmeyer,
2010)
Rasbora vegae Rendahl, 1926a: 1 (type locality: Malaysia:
Borneo: Sabah: Labuan Island; syntypes: NRM 8094
[14], 8095 [5], Kottelat, 1991b: 190)
Rasbora labuana Whitley, 1958: 28, fig. 1 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Labuan Island; holotype: AMS
IB.1429, Kottelat, 1991b: 183)
Rasbora elegans Volz, 1903
Rasbora elegans Volz, 1903a: 558 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Sumatra: small creeks in the interior of Palembang
Residency; syntypes [15]: NMBE 1023512–1023519 [8],
1023520–1023526 [7]; also in Volz, 1903b: 402, pl. 26
fig. 4)
Rasbora ennealepis Roberts, 1989
Rasbora ennealepis Roberts, 1989: 74, fig. 51 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungai Sekum-
pai, a tributary of Sungai Pinoh, 23 km south of Nanga-
pinoh, 0°32'S 111°39.5'E; holotype: MZB 3997)
Rasbora everetti Boulenger, 1895
Rasbora everetti Boulenger, 1895b: 187 (type locality: Phil-
ippines: Palawan; syntypes: BMNH 1894.6.30.191–192
[2], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Rasbora hobelmani Kottelat, 1984
Rasbora hobelmani Kottelat, 1984b: 718, fig. 1a (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: 300 m north of
Ban Na Hwai, 19°38'N 98°57'N; holotype: MHNG
2160.46)
Rasbora hosii Boulenger, 1895
Rasbora hosii Boulenger, 1895a: 247 (type locality: Malay-
sia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River; lectotype: BMNH
1894.8.3.65, designated by Tan & Kottelat, 2009: 51,
fig. 38a)
? Rasbora sumatrana var. unicolor Vaillant, 1893b: 89 (not
available, infrasubspecific name [intrapopulational vari-
ability, see Code art. 45.6.4, Glossary, p. 107, infrasub-
specific entity]
; locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan
Barat:
Sebroeng; material: MNHN 1891-0394–0397 [4])
? Rasbora sumatrana var. taeniata Vaillant, 1893b: 89 (not
available, infrasubspecific name [intrapopulational vari-
ability, see Code art. 45.6.4, Glossary, p. 107, infrasub-
specific entity]; locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan
Barat: Sebroeng; material: MNHN 1891-0398–0402 [5])
Rasbora hubbsi Brittan, 1954
Rasbora hubbsi Brittan, 1954: 105, fig. 21 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad Datu River; holotype:
CAS–SU 17477)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
153
Rasbora jacobsoni Weber & de Beaufort, 1916
Rasbora jacobsoni Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 75 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Kaju Tanam, Arau, Lakes
Singkarah and Manindjau, Fort de Kock [Bukittinggi],
Pond Ajer Tegenang, and Siboga; syntypes: ZMA
100.646 [10], 109.265 [4], 109.266 [12], 109.267 [2],
109.268 [6], 109.269 [15], 109.270 [13], 109.276 [5],
Nijssen et al., 1993: 215)
Rasbora johannae Siebert & Guiry, 1996
Rasbora johannae Siebert & Guiry, 1996: 397, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Barito
basin: small tributary of Sungai Busang upstream from
Project Barito Ulu basecamp on Sungai Busang; holo-
type: MZB 6094)
Rasbora kalbarensis Kottelat, 1991
Rasbora kalbarensis Kottelat, 1991b: 181, fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: swamp near
Palai, 15 km from Sosok on road to Tayan, about 0°10'N
110°08'E; holotype: MZB 5881)
Rasbora kalochroma (Bleeker, 1851)
Leuciscus kalochroma Bleeker, 1851d: 272 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin;
lectotype: RMNH 4983, designated by Alfred, 1963a:
130)
Rasbora kluetensis Lumbantobing, 2010
Rasbora kluetensis Lumbantobing, 2010: 661, fig. 10b (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Province Nanggroe Aceh
Darussalam: Kabupaten Aceh Selatan, irrigation canal
of Kluet River, 3°09'14"N 97°24'43"E; holotype: MZB
16470)
Rasbora kottelati Lim, 1995
Rasbora kottelati Lim, 1995: 66, figs. 2–4 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: ditch 34 km from Mukah
on road to Sibu; holotype: ZRC 37918)
Rasbora lacrimula Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009
Rasbora lacrimula Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009c: 106, figs. 1–
2 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur:
Mahakam basin, Ulu Belayan, oil palm plantation area,
Damai Estate, gutter at block 3B, division 01,
0°16'57.4"N 116°18'07.8"E; holotype: MZB 16669)
Rasbora lateristriata (Bleeker, 1854)
Leuciscus lateristriatus Bleeker, 1854v: 94 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta], Tandjongoost, Tjam-
pea, Bandong, Garut; lectotype: RMNH 4969, designat-
ed by Alfred, 1963a: 131 [material from different local-
ities has been mixed and exact locality of lectotype un-
known])
Rasbora macrocephalus Bleeker, 1863m: pl. 103 fig. 10
[text: 1864a: 126] (type locality: Indonesia: Java:
Krawang; holotype: specimen on which plate is based,
among RMNH 2635 [1], 7039 [2], 10458 [2], BMNH
1866.5.2.150 [1] [lectotype designation by Alfred, 1963a:
133 not valid]; also in Bleeker, 1864i: 139)
Rasbora elbertii Popta, 1911a: 10 (type locality: Indonesia:
Lombok: Sembalun, Sadjang, Praya; syntypes [211]:
SMF 6487 [1], 6488 [59], 6489 [2], 6490 [142], RMNH
10505 [1], 10506 [1], 10507 [1], 10508 [1], 10509 [1],
10510 [4], 10511 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Rasbora laticlavia Siebert & Richardson, 1997
Rasbora laticlavia Siebert & Richardson, 1997: 91, fig. 1a
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah:
Sungai Barito basin: tributary of Sungai Maruwei ap-
prox. 1 km upstream from Desa Maruwei, 0°21'59"S
114°44'06"E; holotype: MZB 6093)
Rasbora leptosoma (Bleeker, 1855)
Leuciscus leptosoma Bleeker, 1855h: 269 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Lahat; lectotype: RMNH 4981, des-
ignated by Alfred, 1963a: 131)
Rasbora meinkeni de Beaufort, 1931
Rasbora meinkeni de Beaufort, 1931: 8, fig. (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra; syntypes: ZMA 100.259 [2], Nijs-
sen et al., 1993: 215, Lumbantobing, 2010: 656)
Rasbora myersi Brittan, 1954
Rasbora myersi Brittan, 1954: 117, fig. 25 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Potoes Sibau
[Putussibau]; holotype: CAS-SU 17342)
Rasbora nematotaenia Hubbs & Brittan, in Brittan, 1954
Rasbora elegans nematotaenia Hubbs & Brittan, in Brittan,
1954: 68, fig. 10 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra:
Moesi River [Musi] at Moera Klinggi [Muara Klinggi];
holotype: UMMZ 157138)
Rasbora nodulosa Lumbantobing, 2010
Rasbora nodulosa Lumbantobing, 2010: 659, fig. 6d, 10a
(type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Province Nanggroe
Aceh Darussalam: Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya: Keca-
matan Tangan-tangan, Tangantangan River on road be-
tween Blang Pidie and Tapaktuan, 3°39'09"N
96°54'83"E; holotype: MZB 16465)
Rasbora notura Kottelat, 2005
Rasbora notura Kottelat, 2005b: 265, fig. 2 (type locality:
Malaysia: Terengganu: Sekayu waterfalls; 4°57'50"N
102°57'14"E; holotype: ZRC 21684)
Rasbora ornata Vishwanath & Laisram, 2004
Rasbora ornatus Vishwanath & Laisram, 2004b: 429, fig. 1
(type locality: India: Manipur: Moreh, Lokchao River, a
tributary of Yu River, Chindwin drainage; holotype:
MUMF 3032)
Rasbora patrickyapi Tan, 2009
Rasbora patrickyapi Tan, 2009d: 505, fig. 1 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Rungan–Kahay-
an drainage, Sungai Rijak, km 84 on road from Pa-
langkaraya to Telakin, 1°37.319"S 113°37.560'E; holo-
type: MZB 10707)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
154
Rasbora paucisqualis Ahl, in Schreitmüller, 1935
Rasbora paucisqualis Ahl, in Schreitmüller, 1935b [12 Feb
1935]: 97 (type locality: aquarium specimens reported-
ly from Malay Peninsula; lectotype: ZMB 20873, desig-
nated by Siebert, 1997b: 31, Kottelat, 1991b: 184, fig. 5)
Rasbora paucisquamis Ahl, 1935 [1 Aug 1935]: 144 (type
locality: aquarium specimens reportedly from Malay
Peninsula; holotype: ZMB 20873, Kottelat, 1991b: 184,
fig. 5)
Taxonomic notes. Siebert (1997: 35) showed that two spe-
cies have been confused under the name R. bankanensis in
the Malay Peninsula and used the names R. paucisqualis
for the second one. He did not provide arguments support-
ing the identification of the lectotype of R. paucisqualis as
the present species. Ahl (1935: 144) explicitly described the
anal fin of the preserved holotype of R. paucisquamis (and
lectotype of R. paucisqualis) as transparent and described it
as transparent also in the live specimens (from Schreit-
müller's data); Siebert's R. paucisqualis has a black mark at
the tip of the anal fin.
Rasbora paviana Tirant, 1885
Rasbora paviana Tirant, 1885 [1929: 142] (type locality:
Vietnam: Song Cân-Lê, Thu-dau-mot; lectotype:
MGHNL 42000256, designated by Kottelat, 1987c: 16,
fig. 10; paviana is an adjective, is correctly formed [Code
art. 31.1] and does not need to be emended)
Rasbora paviei Chevey, 1932a: 12 (unjustified emendation
of Rasbora paviana Tirant, 1885 [1929: 142])
Rasbora cromiei Fowler, 1937: 167, fig. 104 [not 103; see
Brittan, 1954: 59] (type locality: Thailand: Me Poon [Mae
Phun, a stream entering Mae Nam Yom at 17°40'N
99°42'E; de Schauensee, 1946: 5; see Kottelat, 1990e:
207]; holotype: ANSP 68021, Böhlke, 1984: 74)
Rasbora cheroni Fowler, 1937: 168, fig. 103 [not 104; see
Brittan, 1954: 59] (type locality: Thailand: Pitsanulok;
holotype: ANSP 68011, Böhlke, 1984: 72)
Rasbora philippina Günther, 1880
Rasbora philippina Günther, 1880a: 54 (type locality: Phil-
ippines: Mindanao: river at Pasananca near Zamboan-
ga; syntypes: BMNH 1879.5.14.646 [1], Kottelat & Vid-
thayanon, 1993: 167)
Rasbora punctulatus Seale & Bean, 1907: 232, fig. 3 (type
locality: Philippines: Mindanao: Zamboanga; holotype:
USNM 57842)
Rasbora rasbora (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus rasbora Hamilton, 1822: 329, 391, pl. 2 fig. 90
(type locality: India: ponds of Bengal; types: NT)
Rasbora buchanani Bleeker, 1860j: 451 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Cyprinus rasbora Hamilton, 1822:
329)
Cyprinus marginatus Hora, 1933: 135 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Rasbora reticulata Weber & de Beaufort, 1915
Rasbora reticulatus Weber & de Beaufort, 1915: 270 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Nias Island: Lolowua, about
5 hours southwest from Gunung Sitoli in chain of moun-
tains; lectotype: ZMA 109.585, designated by Nijssen et
al., 1993: 215)
Rasbora rheophila Kottelat, 2012
Rasbora rheophila Kottelat, 2012a: 78, figs. 1–2 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Sungai Pangakatan
(tributary of Sungai Liwagu), near Ranau on road to hot
spring; holotype: IRSNB 874)
Rasbora rubrodorsalis Donoso-Büchner & Schmidt, 1997
Rasbora rubrodorsalis Donoso-Büchner & Schmidt, 1997:
89, figs. 1, 3 (type locality: Thailand: Cha Am, "208/209
km Hauptstr. 4" [possibly meaning between km-stones
208 and 209 on Highway 4"]; holotype: ZMB 32549)
Rasbora rutteni Weber & de Beaufort, 1916
Rasbora rutteni Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 68, fig. 26 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: rivulet near Bontang [Kali-
mantan Timur, about 80 km north of Samarinda]; lecto-
type: ZMA 112.589, designated by Nijssen et al., 1993:
215 [Weber & de Beaufort stated "type of the species
in" ZMA; this is not a holotype designation as Code art.
73.1.1 requires that the authors state "that one specimen
[…] is the type"; the authors stated where the type is but
not which of their specimen is the type, so this is not a
holotype designation; in addition no specimen had been
separated and can now be recognised as the holotype;
therefore, all specimens are syntypes])
Rasbora sarawakensis Brittan, 1951
Rasbora sarawakensis Brittan, 1951: 1, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: 16 miles east of Kuching;
holotype: CAS-SU 15375 [15367 in original description],
Böhlke, 1953: 37)
Rasbora semilineata Weber & de Beaufort, 1916
Rasbora semilineata Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 80 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: upper course of Sungei
Wain; syntypes: ZMA 112.588 [5], CAS-SU 15339 [1],
Nijssen et al., 1993: 215, Böhlke, 1953: 30 [Weber & de
Beaufort stated "type of the species in" ZMA; this is not
a holotype designation as Code art. 73.1.1 requires that
the authors state "that one specimen […] is the type";
the authors stated where the type is but not which of
their specimen is the type, so this is not a holotype des-
ignation; in addition no specimen has been separated and
can now be recognised as the holotype; therefore, all
specimens are syntypes])
Rasbora septentrionalis Kottelat, 2000
Rasbora septentrionalis Kottelat, 2000a: 51, fig. 19 (type
locality: Laos: Louangnamtha Province: stream said to
be Nam Sing near Ban Nakbon, 4 km east-southeast of
Muang Sing; 21°10'47"N 101°10'50"E; holotype: ZRC
45315)
Rasbora spilotaenia Hubbs & Brittan, in Brittan, 1954
Rasbora elegans spilotaenia Hubbs & Brittan, in Brittan,
1954: 70, fig. 11 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Pas-
sangrahan Ranau; holotype: UMMZ 157136)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
155
Rasbora steineri Nichols & Pope, 1927
Rasbora cephalotaenia steineri Nichols & Pope, 1927: 364,
fig. 30 (type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype:
AMNH 8375)
Rasbora Lateristriata Allos Lin, 1931: 67 (type locality:
China: Guangdong: stream near Canton [Guangzhou];
holotype: FESC 1101, Lin, 1934c: 237, fig. 2)
Rasbora volzi pallopinna Lin, 1932b: 382 (type locality:
China: Guangdong: foot of White Cloud Mountain; ho-
lotype: FESC 1100; figured in Lin, 1934c: 237, fig. 1)
? Opsarichthys Hieni Nguyen [T. T.], 1987: 32, fig. 2 (type
locality: Vietnam: Nghe Tinh Province: Huong Son Dis-
trict; holotype: VUP H.S.159)
Rasbora subtilis Roberts, 1989
Rasbora subtilis Roberts, 1989: 75, fig. 54 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Danau Piam near
Ketungau, 38 km north-northeast of Sintang, 0°23.5'N
111°37.5'E; holotype: MZB 3407)
Rasbora sumatrana (Bleeker, 1852)
Leuciscus sumatranus Bleeker, 1852r: 601 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Solok; lectotype: RMNH 7038, des-
ignated by Alfred, 1963a: 132)
Rasbora sumatrensis Bleeker, 1860a: 54 (unjustified emen-
dation of Leuciscus sumatranus Bleeker, 1852r: 601)
Rasbora tawarensis Weber & de Beaufort, 1916
Rasbora tawarensis Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 63 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh: Lake Tawar; synty-
pes [11]: among ZMA 112.276 [5], 112.277 [4], 112.278
[3], CAS-SU 15340 [1], Nijssen et al., 1993: 215, Böhlke,
1953: 38 [Weber & de Beaufort stated "type of the spe-
cies in" ZMA; this is not a holotype designation as Code
art. 73.1.1 requires that the authors state "that one spec-
imen […] is the type"; the authors stated where the type
is but not which of their specimen is the type, so this is
not a holotype designation; in addition no specimen had
been been separated and can now be recognised as the
holotype; therefore, all specimens are syntypes])
Rasbora taytayensis Herre, 1924
Rasbora taytayensis Herre, 1924a: 1568 (nomen nudum)
Rasbora taytayensis Herre, 1924b: 264 (type locality: Phil-
ippines: Palawan: trail between Taytay and Malampaya
Sound / creek near Taytay; syntypes [170]: BSM, lost)
? Rasbora tobana Ahl, 1934
Rasbora tobana Ahl, 1934: 237 (type locality: Indonesia:
Sumatra: Lake Toba at Porsea; syntypes [58]: ZMB
20860, 20879 [4], CAS 68363 [4], Kottelat, 1991b: 186,
fig. 7, Paepke, 1995: 91, Lumbantobing, 2010: 656)
Rasbora tornieri Ahl, 1922
Rasbora tornieri Ahl, 1922a: 32 (type locality; Indonesia:
Indonesia: Central Sumatra [upper and middle sections
of Rokan Kanan, Rokan Kiri and Siak drainages ("Sul-
tanate of Siak" [Kabupaten Siak, Riau Province, Sumatra]
and "Rokan states"; Moszkowski, 1909a–b: maps; Ng &
Kottelat, 2013d: 68]; lectotype: ZMB 20542, designat-
ed by Kottelat, 1991b: 186, fig. 8)
Taxonomic notes. Identity discussed by Ng & Kottelat
(2013d: 67).
Rasbora trifasciata Popta, 1905
Rasbora trifasciata Popta, 1905a: 176 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Bo River; syntypes [9]: RMNH 7623,
ZMA 109.274 [1], NMW 51457 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010;
also in Popta, 1906: 162, pl. 9 fig. 36)
Rasbora trilineata Steindachner, 1870
Rasbora trilineata Steindachner, 1870c: 637, pl. 3 fig. 3 (type
locality: Malaysia: Johor: Pengulon Patie [Pengkalan
Petai ?, according to Duncker, 1904: 181]; lectotype:
NMW 51459:9, by present designation)
Rasbora stigmatura Fowler, 1934b: 341, fig. 5 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Krat [Trat]; holotype: ANSP 60180,
Böhlke, 1984: 92)
Nomenclatural notes. Brittan (1954: 83) commented that
the figure in the original description of Rasbora trilineata
does not agree with the text, and that the text refers to the
species usually called R. trilineata while the figure shows
R. sumatrana (in fact R. vulgaris, pers. obs.). Roberts (1989:
76) examined the syntypes and concluded that the syntype
series include 5 species. He commented that only series
NMW 51459 and 51460 include specimens of the species
identified as R. trilineata, of which about 10 in NMW 51459
show the diagnostic caudal-fin colour pattern but are badly
dessicated and 1 in NMW 51460 is better preserved but is
missing the part of the caudal fin with the diagnostic colour
pattern.
A lectotype would have been necessary to definitively
fix the identity of the species presently called R. trilineata
but Roberts saw no advantage at selecting one of these spec-
imens as lectotype and suggested that it would be wiser to
designate a neotype from a better series. As long as synty-
pes are extent it is not possible to designate a neotype, and
the status of the name is still unsettled.
From a series of photographs of all syntypes provided
by Helmut Wellendorf, I confirm that NMW 51460:1 seems
to be R. trilineata but is missing the part of the caudal fin
with the diagnostic characters and that all specimens in
NMW 51459 are dessicated and that some clearly have the
caudal fin colour pattern with each lobe with a hyaline tip
and a subdistal oblique black band. I select NMW 51459:9,
30.7 mm SL (Fig. 2); the less badly preserved specimen with
diagnostic caudal-fin pattern) as lectotype, linking the name
to the species called R. trilineata by all authors (e.g. Brit-
tan, 1954: 83).
Fig. 2. Rasbora trilineata, NMW 51459:9, lectotype, 30.7 mm SL;
Malaysia: Johor: '"Pengulon Patie". (Photograph by Helmut Wellen-
dorf).
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
156
Rasbora truncata Lumbantobing, 2010
Rasbora truncata Lumbantobing, 2010: 663, fig. 10c (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Province Nanggroe Aceh
Darussalam: Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara: Kampung Air
Kelabu, Alas River near road between Kutacane and
Blangkejeren, 3°42'69"N 97°38'02"E; holotype: MZB
16678)
Rasbora tubbi Brittan, 1954
Rasbora tubbi Brittan, 1954: 157, fig. 37 (type locality: Bru-
nei: stream above Tasek waterfall near Brunei Town;
holotype: CAS-SU 17475)
Rasbora tuberculata Kottelat, 1995
Rasbora tuberculata Kottelat, 1995a: 58, fig. 3 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas ba-
sin: Sungai Pala at Pala Hulu [Kec. Siberuang, Kp. Ren-
yai Hulu], km 99 on road from Sintang to Putussibau,
0°21'42"N 111°55'47"E; holotype: MZB 5902)
Rasbora vaillantii Popta, 1905
Rasbora Vaillantii Popta, 1905a: 174 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Mahakam drainage: Bo River; lectotype:
RMNH 7619, designated by Siebert & Richardson, 1997:
94; also in Popta, 1906: 151, pl. 9 fig. 33)
Rasbora volzii Popta, 1905
Rasbora Volzii Popta, 1905a: 175 (type locality: Indonesia:
Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Bongan River / Kalimantan
Timur: Howong River [about 0°15'N 115°30'E]; lecto-
type: RMNH 7621, designated by Kottelat & Tan, 2012b:
40, fig. 4b; also in Popta, 1906: 157, pl. 9 fig. 34)
Rasbora Volzii var. fasciata Popta, 1905a: 176 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Borneo: Kajan River; holotype: RMNH
7622, Kottelat & Tan, 2012b: 40, fig. 4a; also in Popta,
1906: 161, pl. 9 fig. 35; simultaneous subjective syn-
onym of R. volzii Popta, 1905a: 175, which has auto-
matic precedence [Code art. 24.1])
Rasbora vulcanus Tan, 1999
Rasbora vulcanus Tan, 1999b: 113, figs. 3–4 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra Barat: Painan, Batang Si Joontour,
about 53 km to Painan on Padang–Painan road;
1°04'52.8"S 100°27'26.0"E; holotype: MZB 9317)
Rasbora vulgaris Duncker, 1904
Rasbora vulgaris Duncker, 1904: 181 (type locality: Malay-
sia:
surroundings of Kuala Lumpur; lectotype: ZMH
200
[formerly 8467], designated by Ladiges et al., 1958: 159)
Rasborichthys Bleeker, 1859
Rasborichthys Bleeker, 1859l: 155 (type species: Leuciscus
helfrichii Bleeker, 1856m: 15, by monotypy; also in Blee-
ker, 1860c: 435, without included species). Gender mas-
culine.
Rasborichthys helfrichii (Bleeker, 1856)
Leuciscus Helfrichii Bleeker, 1856m: 15 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Kahajan River;
lectotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.162, designated by Alfred,
1963a: 129)
Rasbosoma Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010
Rasbosoma Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010: 159 (type spe-
cies: Rasbora spilocerca Rainboth & Kottelat, 1987: 419,
by original designation). Gender neuter.
Taxonomic notes. See discussion under Rasbora.
Rasbosoma spilocerca (Rainboth & Kottelat, 1987)
Rasbora spilocerca Rainboth & Kottelat, 1987: 419, fig. 1
(type locality: Thailand: Ubon Ratchathani Province:
Lam Dom Noi Reservoir; holotype: UMMZ 211200)
Rectoris Lin, 1935
Rectoris Lin, 1935a: 303 (type species: Rectoris posehensis
Lin, 1935a: 304, by original designation). Gender mas-
culine.
Nomenclatural notes. Parasinilabeo Wu, 1939 has been
considered a synonym of Rectoris by various authors; it is a
valid genus. Epalzeorhynchus mutabilis Lin, 1933a is the
type species of Parasinilabeo, by original designation. Wu
(1977) mentioned that his 1939 material of E. mutabilis was
misidentified and he redescribed this material as Parasini-
labeo assimilis. At the same time, he retained P. assimilis as
the type species of Parasinilabeo. This last action was not
correct. Art. 70 of the 1985 edition of the Code requested
that cases of misidentified type species should be submitted
to the Commission; authors did not have the option of solv-
ing the case by themselves.
This has now changed with the 1999 edition of the Code.
Under art. 70.3, an author now has the option to select which
species is best suited as type species, either the species orig-
inally cited, or the species actually involved. This can not
apply retroactively as art. 70.3.2 of the 1999 Code has to be
cited if P. assimilis is selected. Kottelat & Zhang (2003: 223)
selected P. assimilis as type species of Parasinilabeo.
Su et al. (2001: 135) described Pararectoris as a new
genus with Parasinilabeo assimilis as type species. This
makes it an objective junior synonym of Parasinilabeo.
[Parasinilabeo Wu, 1939: 106 (type species: Parasinilabeo assimilis Wu
& Yao, in Wu, 1977: 366, as fixed by Kottelat & Zhang, 2003: 223
under Code art. 70.3.2 [Epalzeorhynchos mutabilis Lin, 1933a: 84,
the original type species was based on misidentified specimens]).
Gender masculine].
[Pararectoris Su, Yang & Cui, 2001: 135 (type species: Parasinilabeo
assimilis Wu & Yao, in Wu, 1977: 366, by original designation; junior
primary homonym of Parasinilabeo Wu, 1939: 106). Gender mascu-
line].
[Epalzeorhynchus mutabilis Lin, 1933a: 84, fig. 4, pl. 4 (type locality:
China: Kweichow [Guizhou]: Yunkiang; holotype: BLG 35 or CAS-
SU 35261, Böhlke, 1953: 31, Banarescu, 1986: 152, fig. 10 [see Kot-
telat, 2001a: 38])].
[Parasinilabeo assimilis Wu & Yao, in Wu, 1977: 366, pl. 7-88 (type lo-
cality: China: Guangxi: Li-Jiang system, Yang Shuo and Xiu Ren;
syntypes [8]: ? IHB 150, 151, 153, 154, 156, 157, 001, 002 [8])].
Rectoris luxiensis Wu & Yao, in Wu, 1977
Rectoris luxiensis Wu & Yao, in Wu, 1977: 363, pl. 7-86
(type locality: China: Hunan: Luxi, Xupu and Dajiang-
kou; syntypes: IHB 3.730 [1], 3.751 [1], 3.856 [1], 3.901
[1], 5.310 [1], 7.268 [1])
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
157
Rhodeus Agassiz, 1832
Rhodeus Agassiz, 1832: 134 (type species: Cyprinus ama-
rus Bloch, 1781a: 52, by monotypy [R. latior and R. elon-
gatus were nomina nuda in 1832; they are available from
Agassiz, 1835a: vol. 5, pl. 54; publication date from Jean-
net, 1928: 121]). Gender masculine.
Rhodeus haradai Arai, Suzuki & Shen, 1990
Rhodeus haradai Arai, Suzuki & Shen, 1990: 151, fig. 8
(type locality: China: Hainan: Longtang; holotype:
NTUM 7600)
Rhodeus laoensis Kottelat, Doi & Musikasinthorn, in
Kottelat, 1998
Rhodeus laoensis Kottelat, Doi & Musikasinthorn, in Kot-
telat, 1998a: 52, fig. 81 (type locality: Laos: Nam
Theun, immediately upriver of confluence with Nam
Ong; 17°43'N 105°16'20"E; holotype: ZRC 41786)
Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner, 1866)
Pseudoperilampus ocellatus Kner, 1866: 548 (type locali-
ty: China: Shanghai; holotype: NMW 10837, Eschmey-
er, 2010; also in Kner, 1867: 365, pl. 15 fig. 6)
Rhodeus maculatus Fowler, 1910: 476, fig. 1 (type locality:
China: Pei Ho River at Tien Tsin; holotype: ANSP 29472)
Rhodeus kurumeus Jordan & Thompson, 1914: 229, pl. 26
fig. 2 (type locality: Japan: Kiusiu: Chikugo River at
Kurume; holotype: CAS-SU 22605, Kimura & Nagata,
1992: 425, fig. 1a, Böhlke, 1953: 38)
Rhodeus hwanghoensis Mori, 1928b: 68 (type locality: Chi-
na: Shang-tung: Hwang-ho at Tsi-nan; holotype: LU)
Rhodeus wangkinfui Wu, 1930a: 77, fig. 5 (type locality:
China: Sichuan: Luchow; holotype: Metrop. Mus. Nat.
Hist. Beijing 1860)
Rhodeus pingi Miao, 1934: 176, fig. 30 (type locality: Chi-
na: Jiangsu: Chinkiang [Qingjiang]; holotype: SSCN
13200)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Chen (1998a: 445),
except that R. sinensis is treated as valid.
Rhodeus rheinardti (Tirant, 1883)
Danio Rheinardti Tirant, 1883: 97 (type locality: Vietnam:
river of Hué; lectotype: MGHNL 42000039 [formerly
3620], designated by Kottelat, 1987c: 13, fig. 7)
Rhodeus sinensis Günther, 1868
Rhodeus sinensis Günther, 1868a: 280 (type locality: Chi-
na: Chikiang [Zhejiang]; lectotype [see below]: BMNH
1868.10.19.150, designated by Akai & Arai, 1998: 105,
fig. 1a, Naseka & Bogutskaya, 2004: 282)
Taxonomic notes. Günther (1868: 280) described Rhodeus
sinensis on the basis of one male and two females. Akai &
Arai (1998: 105) selected a lectotype from among two males,
without comments. It remains to be clarified whether the
designated lectotype was originally included in Günther's
material or whether Günther's indication on sexes was erro-
neous.
Rhodeus lighti (Wu, 1931), R. uyekii (Mori, 1934) and
R. amurensis (Vronsky, 1967) are treated as synonyms of
R. sinensis by Akai & Arai (1998: 105), but Naseka &
Bogutskaya (2004: 282) treated them as three valid species.
Akai & Arai included Hainan records of P. lighti in the syn-
onymy of R. sinensis; identification needs confirmation.
[Pseudoperilampus lighti Wu, 1931a: 25, fig. 4 (type locality: China: Fukien
[Fujian]: Foochow [Fuzhou] [basin of Ming River up to Yenping [Yan-
ping]]; holotype: ? [possibly MNHN, see p. 1])].
[Pseudoperilampus uyekii Mori, 1934: 562, 573, fig. 1 (type locality: Ko-
rea: Kan River at Keijo [Seoul]; syntypes: LU, Akai & Arai, 1998:
105)].
[Pseudoperilampus lighti amurensis Vronsky, 1967: 24 (type locality:
Russia: lower Amur drainage: Ussuri and Kiya Rivers, Lakes Khanka
and Bolon', Amur River at Daerga and Leninsk; syntypes [78]: LU)].
Rhodeus spinalis Oshima, 1926
Rhodeus spinalis Oshima, 1926: 16 (type locality: China:
Hainan: Ding'an [original type locality: Kachek River
near Kachek]; neotype: NSMT-P 31906, designated by
Arai et al., 1990: 143, fig. 2a)
Pseudoperilampus hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927: 379,
fig. 42 (type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype:
AMNH 8386, Arai et al., 1990: 145, fig. 2b)
Rhodeus ocellatus vietnamensis Mai, 1978: 179 (type lo-
cality: northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT)
Rohteichthys Bleeker, 1860
Rohteichthys Bleeker, 1860c: 431(type species: Barbus mi-
crolepis Bleeker, 1850i: 12, by subsequent monotypy in
Bleeker, 1860j: 396). Gender masculine.
Rohteichthys microlepis (Bleeker, 1850)
Barbus microlepis Bleeker, 1850i: 12 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; holo-
type [95 mm TL]: RMNH 7034, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Salmostoma Swainson, 1839
Salmostoma Swainson, 1839: 184 (subgenus of Cyprinus
Linnaeus, 1758: 320; type species: Cyprinus oblongus
Swainson, 1839: 284, by subsequent designation by
Swain, 1883: 279). Gender neuter.
Salmophasia Swainson, 1839: 284 (subgenus of Cyprinus
Linnaeus, 1758: 320; type species: Cyprinus oblongus
Swainson, 1839: 284, by subsequent designation by
Swain, 1883: 279; simultaneous objective synonym of
Salmostoma Swainson, 1839: 184, first reviser [Jordan,
1919a: 198, 202] gave precedence to Salmostoma). Gen-
der feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. Swainson (1839: 184) created the
subgenus Salmostoma. On p. 284, he used the name Salmo-
phasia for the same genus. These two names are simulta-
neous objective synonyms. Bleeker (1860j: 469, 1863m: 33),
Day (1878: 599, 1889: 361) and Swain (1882: 279) had
implicitly given precedence to Salmophasia by listing it
alone as a synonym of Chela but, because the name Salmo-
stoma is not mentioned, this cannot be considered a first
reviser action (Kottelat, 1998c: 117). Kottelat (1998c: 117)
considered that Jordan (1919a: 202) was the first reviser
and gave precedence to Salmophasia. This is erroneous.
In fact, on p. 198, Jordan wrote "Salmostoma [...] page
284, where the genus is called Salmophasia. Replaces Se-
curicula". On p. 202, Jordan wrote "Salmophasia [...] Called
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
158
Salmostoma on page 184. A synonym of Salmostoma, which
replaces Securicula". In these two entries, Jordan gave pre-
cedence to Salmostoma. One could argue that the statement
"A synonym of Salmostoma, which replaces Securicula" is
stating the synonymy, but does not explicitly state which of
the synonyms is senior and which is junior. At that time,
'synonym' was somehow equivalent to today's 'junior syn-
onym', and denoted an invalid name. Should one refuse to
consider Jordan as first reviser, then the earliest author
I could find to have fixed precedence between the two names
by mentioning both and using only one is Banarescu (1968c:
3); he gave precedence to Salmostoma. Although I do not
exclude the possibility of an other fixation earlier, I am not
aware of usage of the name Salmophasia between Jordan
(1919) and Banarescu (1968c).
[Securicula Günther, 1868a: 332 (subgenus of Chela Hamilton, 1822: 258;
type species: Cyprinus gora Hamilton, 1822: 263, 384, by subsequent
designation by Jordan, 1919: 351). Gender feminine].
Salmostoma balooke (Sykes, 1839)
Cyprinus clupeoides Bloch, 1795: 49, pl. 408 fig. 2 (type
locality: India: Tranquebar [Tharangambadi, 11°01'37"N
79°51'E]; syntypes [5]: ZMB 3425 [1], listed as holo-
type by Banarescu, 1971a: 16, fig. 3, Paepke, 1999: 72,
pl. 26 fig. 2, designated here as lectotype; primary jun-
ior homonym of Cyprinus clupeoides Pallas, 1776b: 704,
see Kottelat, 1996b: 61, Wheeler, 1991: 158)
Clupea cyprinoides Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 427 (repla-
cement name for Cyprinus clupeoides Bloch, 1795: 49;
primary junior homonym of Clupea cyprinoides Brous-
sonet, 1782: [39], pl. [9])
Chela Balookee Sykes, 1839a: 160 (type locality: India:
Tranquebar [Tharangambadi, 11°01'37"N 79°51'E] [orig-
inal type locality: India: "common in all rivers" [of Dec-
can]]; neotype: ZMB 3425, designated by Kottelat,
1996b: 61
; junior objective synonym of Cyprinus clupeo-
ides Bloch, 1795: 49; also in Sykes, 1839b: 57, 1841: 360)
Chela Teekanee Sykes, 1839a: 161 (type locality: India:
Tranquebar [Tharangambadi, 11°01'37"N 79°51'E] [orig-
inal type locality: India: Beema River (at Pairgaon)];
neotype: ZMB 3425, designated by Kottelat, 1996b: 61;
objective simultaneous synonym of Chela balookee Sykes,
1839a: 160, first reviser [Kottelat, 1996b: 61] gave prece-
dence to C. balooke; also in Sykes, 1839b: 58, 1841: 362)
Leuciscus Dussumieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1844: xx, 342, avis au relieur, pl. 508 (type local-
ity: India: Mysore; holotype: MNHN; possibly intended
as a replacement name for Cyprinus clupeoides Bloch,
1795: 49, but ambiguous, therefore treated as distinct
species)
Pelecus affinis Jerdon, 1849: 326 (type locality: India:
Mysore and Carnatic; types: ? NT)
Distribution notes. Recorded from Myanmar and most of
India. The identity of Myanmar populations should be re-
examined.
Salmostoma sardinella (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Va-
lenciennes, 1844)
Leuciscus sardinella Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1844: 344 (type locality: Burma: Irrawaddy; holo-
type: MNHN 3879, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 84, Banares-
cu, 1968c: 11, fig. 13)
Salmostoma sardinella poonpuni Tilak, 1967a: 25, fig. 1
(type locality: India: Bihar: Ponpuun River near Patna;
holotype: ZSI F 6155/2; also in Tilak, 1971: 524 [but
with locality: India: Bihar: Ganges and its tributaries near
Patna; number and location of 'syntypes' unknown])
Salmostoma sladoni (Day, 1870)
Chela sladoni Day, 1870c: 622 (type locality: Burma: Ir-
rawaddy, as high as Mandalay; syntypes: among ZSI
2628, 2541, A.916, BMNH 1889.2.1.259–262 [4], AMS
B.7852 [1], NMW 52151, RMNH 2669, 8751 [1], White-
head & Talwar, 1976: 156, Eschmeyer, 2010, Ferraris et
al., 2000: 302)
Nomenclatural notes. As discussed by Vinciguerra (1890:
320) this species is likely named for Col. Sladen but as the
name is not mentioned in the original description, the orig-
inal spelling must be retained.
Sarcocheilichthys Bleeker, 1860
Sarcocheilichthys Bleeker, 1860c: 435 (type species: Leu-
ciscus variegatus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 213,
pl. 102 fig. 2, by subsequent monotypy in Bleeker, 1860i:
92, 1860j: 285, 426). Gender masculine.
Barbodon Dybowski, 1872: 216 (type species: Barbodon
lacustris Dybowski, 1872: 216, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Chilogobio Berg, 1914: 488 (type species: Chilogobio sol-
datovi Berg, 1914: 492, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Georgichthys Nichols, 1918: 17 (type species: Georgich-
thys scaphignathus Nichols, 1918: 17, by original des-
ignation). Gender masculine.
Exoglossops Fowler & Bean, 1920: 311 (type species: Exo-
glossops geei Fowler & Bean, 1920: 311, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Sarcocheilichthys hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927
Sarcocheilichthys hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927: 352,
fig. 21, pl. 26 fig. 3 (type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa;
holotype: AMNH 8370)
Taxonomic notes. The identity of the material identified as
Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis from the coastal drainages of
Guangxi in Zhou & Zhang (2006: 209) is not clear. They
are tentatively considered to be S. hainanensis, which these
authors have included in the synonym of their S. nigripinnis.
[Gobio nigripinnis Günther, 1873b: 246 (type locality: China: Shanghai;
syntypes: BMNH 1872.7.30.101 [8], Banarescu & Nalbant, 1973: 40)].
Saurogobio Bleeker, 1870
Saurogobio Bleeker, 1870c: 253 (type species: Saurogobio
dumerili Bleeker, 1871b: 25, by subsequent designation
by Jordan, 1919b: 355; no valid species originally in-
cluded, first inclusion by Bleeker, 1871b: 25). Gender
masculine.
Gobiosoma Dybowski, 1872: 211 (type species: Gobioso-
ma amurensis Dybowski, 1872: 211, by monotypy; jun-
ior homonym of Gobiosoma Girard, 1858a: 169, in Pis-
ces). Gender neuter.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
159
Longurio Jordan & Starks, 1905: 196 (type species: Longu-
rio athymius Jordan & Starks, 1905: 197, by monotypy;
junior homonym of Longurio Loew, 1869: 3 in Diptera).
Gender masculine.
Armatogobio Taranetz, 1937: 113, 115 (type species: Sau-
rogobio dabryi Bleeker, 1871b: 27, by original designa-
tion). Gender masculine.
Saurogobio immaculatus Koller, 1927
Saurogobio dabryi immaculatus Koller, 1927: 44, fig. 4 (type
locality: China: Hainan: stream on mountain Wu-tschi;
syntypes: NMW [12])
Saurogobio dabryi vietnamensis Mai, 1978: 202, fig. 92
(type locality: northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT)
Sawbwa Annandale, 1918
Sawbwa Annandale, 1918: 48 (type species: Sawbwa re-
splendens Annandale, 1918: 48, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Sawbwa resplendens Annandale, 1918
Sawbwa resplendens Annandale, 1918: 48, fig. 2, pl. 2 fig.
3, pl. 4 fig. 15 (type locality: Burma: Southern Shan
States: Inlé Lake; holotype: ZSI F 9413/1)
Nomenclatural notes. Annandale (1918: 49) designated the
holotype as ZSI F 9413/1. Menon & Yazdani (1968: 116)
under the same number listed 13 syntypes, without expla-
nation.
Scaphiodonichthys Vinciguerra, 1890
Scaphiodonichthys Vinciguerra, 1890: 281 (type species:
Scaphiodonichthys burmanicus Vinciguerra, 1890: 285,
by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Scaphiodontopsis Fowler, 1934a: 117 (type species: Scaphi-
odontopsis acanthopterus Fowler, 1934a: 119, by origi-
nal designation). Gender feminine.
Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus (Fowler, 1934)
Scaphiodontopsis acanthopterus Fowler, 1934a: 119, figs. 74–
75 (type locality: Burma: S. Shan States: Sop Lao,
Nam
Luang River; holotype: ANSP 58065, Böhlke, 1984: 68)
? Onychostoma microcorpus Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969:
14 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Nam Na
and Nam Lay streams [Song Da drainage]; syntypes [14]:
? NCNTTSI H.01.74.04.01 [1, erroneously listed as ho-
lotype by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 423; type status
not clear as locality is listed as Phong Tho], NCNTTSI
H.01.74.04.0 [sic; 1]; spelt micrucorphus p. 3, mioro-
corpus p. 4, mivrocorpus p. 14, microcorpeus p. 16 and
macrocorfus p. 18, first reviser [Kottelat, 2001b: 121]
retained microcorpus as correct original spelling; origi-
nal figure first published in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001:
423, fig. 208, again in Nguyen [V. H.], 2007: 83, fig. 15;
translation in Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 2007: 71)
Nomenclatural notes. Onychostoma microcorpus was de-
scribed on the basis of 14 specimens from Nam Na and Nam
Lay streams, Lai Chau Province, Vietnam. The 2 specimens
NCNTTSI 01.74.04.01 and 01.74.04.0 [sic] listed as holo-
type and paratype by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo (2001: 423)
have no type status as they apparently are from a different
locality, Phong To, Lai Chau Province. The specimen "RIAH
1405" designated as lectotype by Roberts & Catania (2007:
93) is from Ban Trang, Lai Chau Province and therefore not
part of the type series. Alternatively, the locality data are
erroneous either in the paper or on the label.
Scaphiodonichthys burmanicus Vinciguerra, 1890
Scaphiodonichthys burmanicus Vinciguerra, 1890: 285, pl.
11 fig. 11 (type locality: Burma: Meekalan, Salween
drainage; lectotype: MCSNG 17348-A, designated by
Tortonese, 1961: 186)
Scaphiodonichthys macracanthus (Pellegrin & Chevey,
1936)
Onychostoma macracanthus Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936a: 24,
fig. 4 (type locality: Vietnam: Muong Hum, Ngoi-Pho-
Thao River, Red River; lectotype: MNHN 1935-0323,
designated by Kottelat, 2001a: 40 [listed as holotype by
Bertin & Estève, 1948: 47, Banarescu, 1971c: 245]; com-
pound noun, indeclinable [not adjective because it did
not agree in gender in original description])
Onychostoma brevicephalus Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969:
14 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Muong
Lay [Song Da drainage]; syntypes [5]: ? NCNTTSI
H.01.74.02.01 [1, erroneously listed as holotype by Ngu-
yen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 420; type status not clear as
locality is listed as stream Nam Na]; spelt bre rvicephal-
lus p. 14, first reviser [Kottelat, 2001b: 120] retained
brevicephalus as correct original spelling; original fig-
ure first published in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 420,
fig. 206, again in Nguyen [V. H.], 2007: 82, fig. 14; trans-
lation in Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 2007: 71)
Nomenclatural notes. Onychostoma brevicephalus was
described on the basis of 5 specimens from Muong Lay, Lai
Chau Province, Vietnam. The 3 specimens NCNTTSI
01.74.02.01 and 01.74.02.02 listed as holotype and 2 para-
types by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo (2001: 420) have no type
status as they are from different localities, Nam Na, Lai Chau
Province and Phong Tho, Lai Chau Province, respectively;
further, the 'paratypes' were collected in 1971, too late to be
part of type series. The specimen "RIAH 1087" designated
as lectotype by Roberts & Catania (2007: 93) is also from
Nam Na and therefore cannot be lectotype; this is possibly
the 'holotype' listed by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo. Or the local-
ity data are erroneous either in the paper or on the label.
Scaphognathops Smith, 1945
Scaphognathus Smith, 1931a: 21 (type species: Scaphog-
nathus stejnegeri Smith, 1931a: 22, by monotypy; a jun-
ior homonym of Scaphognathus Wagner, 1861: 519, 534
in Reptilia). Gender masculine.
Scaphognathops Smith, 1945: 208 (replacement name for
Scaphognathus Smith, 1931a: 21). Gender masculine.
Scaphognathops bandanensis Boonyaratpalin & Srirun-
groj, 1971
Scaphognathops bandanensis Boonyaratpalin & Srirungroj,
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
160
1971: 24, figs. 1–2 (type locality: Thailand: Ubon Rat-
chathani Province: Mool River [Mun] at Bandan; holo-
type: NIFI uncat.)
Scaphognathops mekongensis Taki, 1974: 130, fig. 1–3 (type
locality: Laos: Mekong River at Hatsalao near Pakse;
holotype: NSMT-P 17881)
Taxonomic notes. Rainboth et al. (2012: pl. 22) consider
S. mekongensis to be a distinct species.
Scaphognathops stejnegeri (Smith, 1931)
Scaphognathus stejnegeri Smith, 1931a: 22, figs. 10–11
(type locality: Thailand: "Northern Siam": Mekong River
near Ban Mekong; holotype: USNM 90303)
Scaphognathops theunensis Kottelat, 1998
Scaphognathops theunensis Kottelat, 1998a: 56, fig. 86 (type
locality: Laos: Nam Theun, from Ban Signo to about
6 km upriver; 17°50'50"N 105°03'00"E; holotype: ZRC
41713)
Schismatorhynchos Bleeker, 1855
Schismatorhynchos Bleeker, 1855h: 258, 259, 260, 269 (type
species: Lobocheilos heterorhynchos Bleeker, 1854d:
524, by subsequent designation by Bleeker, 1863e: 193,
1863m: 25; spelt Schismatorhijnchos p. 258, 259, not
an incorrect spelling [ij is an alternative transcription of y,
commonly used in Dutch; see also Code art. 58.13], first
reviser [Eschmeyer, 1990: 369] retained Schismatorhyn-
chos as correct original spelling). Gender neuter.
Schismatorhynchos endecarhapis Siebert & Tjakrawid-
jaja, 1998
Schismatorhynchos endecarhapis Siebert & Tjakrawidjaja,
1998: 105, fig. 7 (type locality: Indonesia: Kalimantan
Tengah: Barito basin: Sungai Laung at Desa Maruwei,
0°21.986"S 114°44.103"E; holotype: MZB 6092)
Schismatorhynchos heterorhynchos (Bleeker, 1854)
Lobocheilos heterorhynchos Bleeker, 1854d: 524 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Solok; syntypes [2, 202–232
mm TL]: BMNH 1866.5.2.82 [1], RMNH 4975 [1], Sie-
bert & Tjakrawidjaja, 1998: 100, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Schismatorhynchos lobocheilioïdes Bleeker, 1855h: 259, 260
(unnecessary replacement name for Lobocheilos hete-
rorhynchos Bleeker, 1854d: 524)
Schismatorhynchos holorhynchos Siebert & Tjakrawid-
jaja, 1998
Schismatorhynchos holorhynchos Siebert & Tjakrawidjaja,
1998: 104, fig. 6 (type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sa-
rawak: confluence of Batang Balui and Batang Kerumo,
2°22'N 113°45'E; holotype: USNM 325389)
Schizopyge Heckel, 1848
Schizopyge Heckel, 1848d: 285 (type species: Schizothorax
curvifrons Heckel, 1838: 25, by subsequent designation
by Bleeker, 1863e: 196, 1863m: 26). Gender feminine.
Tetrostichodon Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964: 273 (type
species: Schizothorax oconnori Lloyd, 1908: 343, by
original designation). Gender masculine.
Paraschizothorax Tsao, in Wu, 1964: 168 (type species:
Schizothorax oconnori Lloyd, 1908: 343, by original
designation; junior homonym of Paraschizothorax Blee-
ker, 1863l: 262; junior objective synonym of Tetrosti-
chodon Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964: 273). Gender
masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Treated as subgenus of Racoma
M'Clelland & Griffith (in M'Clelland, 1842a) by Wu & Wu
(1992: 349). See discussion under Schizothorax. Taxonomy
follows Wu & Wu (1992).
Schizopyge dolichonema (Herzenstein, 1889)
Schizothorax dolichonema Herzenstein, 1889: 178, pl. 20
fig. 1 (type locality: China: Dy-tschu in area of sources
of Yangtsekiang, at 12700 ft; syntypes: ZISP 7382 [1],
7383 [1])
Distribution notes. Record from Mekong basin by Chen et
al. (2000: 294).
Schizopyge gongshanensis (Tsao, in Wu, 1964)
Schizothorax gongshanensis Tsao, in Wu, 1964: 166, pl. 4-
25 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Gong Shan County:
Yue Jiao and Shi Pu; syntypes: IHB [12])
Taxonomic notes. Schizopyge gongshanensis is treated as
a synonym of Schizothorax lantsangensis by earlier authors
(e.g. Wu & Wu, 1992: 324). Molecular data in Yang, Yang
& Chen. (2012) show that the material they identified under
these names is distinct and their S. gongshanensis is more
closely related to their S. nukiangensis and S. lissolabiatus
(here placed in Schizopyge).
Schizopyge lissolabiata (Tsao, in Wu, 1964)
Schizothorax lissolabiatus Tsao, in Wu, 1964: 149, pl. 4-10
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Xia Guan, Wa Yao, Wei
Xi and Yen Wa; syntypes: IHB [26])
Schizopyge nukiangensis (Tsao, in Wu, 1964)
Schizothorax nukiangensis Tsao, in Wu, 1964: 149, pl. 4-9
(type locality: China: Xizang: Chang Du area (Ge Bao,
Za Na) / Yunnan: Gong Shan County: Yue Jiao; Nu Jiang
drainage [Salween]; syntypes: IHB [14])
Schizopygopsis Steindachner, 1866
Schizopygopsis Steindachner, 1866e: 785 (type species:
Schizopygopsis stoliczkai Steindachner, 1866e: 786, by
monotypy). Gender feminine.
Schizopygopsis anteroventris (Wu & Wu, 1989)
Schizopyge anteroventris Wu & Wu, 1989: 82, fig. 27 (type
locality: China: Qinghai: Nangqian [or Nangqen] Coun-
ty: Zhaqu River [Mekong drainage]; syntypes [20], prob-
ably part of the 28 specimens listed by Wu & Wu, 1992:
480, fig. 134 from same locality: NPIB 72141–144, 161–
170, 211–216, 73VIII517–524)
Nomenclatural notes. Wu & Wu (1992: 480) indicated the
authors of this species as Wu, Tsao, Zhu et Chen, but this
was a manuscript and the name is not available from this
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
161
source. The reference they gave was "Wu Yun-Fei, Cao Wen-
Xuan, Zhu Song-Quan and Chen Yi-Yu, in Cao Wen-Xuan
(eds.). 1979. Fishes of Xizang (manuscript)". They also give
a reference to Wu & Wu (1989: 82–89) and this is the orig-
inal description.
Schizothorax Heckel, 1838
Schizothorax Heckel, 1838: 11 (type species: Schizothorax
esocinus Heckel, 1838: 48, by subsequent designation
by M'Clelland, 1842a: 570). Gender masculine.
Racoma M'Clelland & Griffith, in M'Clelland, 1842a: 576
(type species: Racoma labiata M'Clelland & Griffith, in
M'Clelland, 1842a: 578, by subsequent designation by
Bleeker, 1863e: 198, 1863m: 26). Gender feminine.
Paraschizothorax Bleeker, 1863l: 262 (type species: Schi-
zothorax huegelii Heckel, 1838: 36, by original desig-
nation). Gender masculine.
Paratylognathus Sauvage, 1880: 227 (type species: Paraty-
lognathus davidi Sauvage, 1880: 227, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Aspiostoma Nikolski, 1897: 345 (type species: Aspiostoma
zarudnyi Nikolski, 1897: 346, by monotypy; not a jun-
ior homonym of Aspiostoma [a misspelling of Apiosto-
ma Martens, 1869b: 488] in Mollusca [which anyway
was not proposed as a new name but as a comment on
how the name Pyrostoma should have been formed to
respect the intended etymology]). Gender neuter.
Schizothoraichthys Misra, 1962: 48, 167 (type species: Schi-
zothorax esocinus Heckel, 1838: 48, by original desig-
nation; junior objective synonym of Schizothorax Hec-
kel, 1838: 11). Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. The genus-level taxonomy and no-
menclature of 'schizothoracine' cyprinids is still not clear
and this is partly due to nomenclatural issues involving the
earliest generic names to which most species of this group
have been referred. This has been briefly summarised by
Kullander et al. (1999: 112). A key issue is the fixation of
the type species of Schizothorax, which some authors have
understood as being S. esocinus (designated by M'Clelland,
1842a: 570) and others as being S. plagiostomus (designat-
ed by Bleeker, 1863e: 196, 1863m: 26). The wording of
M'Clelland (1842a: 570) is ambiguous:
"The annexed figures which represent the bones of the
head in these species, shew [sic] that as previously described
they embrace two distinct groups, known by the elongation
of the head. Fig. 1 represents the bones of the head and jaws
in Schizothorax esocinus, Heck. and Fig. 2 the same bones
in Schizothorax plagiostomus, id. The first is the type of
Schizothorax proprius [Schizothorax proper], and the latter
of Oreinus, a subdivision which the collections of Mr. Grif-
fith are sufficent to establish, and which in the descriptions
which follow, we have noticed in more details."
The interpretations of Tilak (1987) and Kullander et al.
(1999) best summarise two alternative interpretations of this
text. Tilak (1987: 49) considered that by using 'type'
M'Clelland was meaning a structure "type or typical of a
group of fishes" and therefore M'Clelland did not designate
S. esocinus as type species of Schizothorax. Kullander et al.
(1999) considered that the phrase "is the type of" must be
understood verbatim, that is as a type designation.
M'Clelland's use of "Schizotorax proprius" supports this
second interpretation.
Being unable to know whether M'Clelland (1842a) in-
tended to mean 'a structure typical of' or 'the type species
of', I agree with Kullander et al.'s (1999) interpretation.
M'Clelland's designation satisfies all the criteria of Code art.
69.1 (he stated that "it is the type" and "it is clear that [he]
accepted it as the type species"). I therefore retain S. esocinus
as type species of Schizothorax, as did Kullander et al. (1999).
Tilak (1987) and Wu & Wu (1992), followed by others,
used S. plagiostomus as type species of Schizothorax and
placed S. esocinus in their subgenus Schizothoraichthys
(Racoma) and Racoma (Racoma), respectively. After cor-
recting the type species of Schizothorax as above:
– Schizothorax of Tilak (1987) and Wu & Wu (1992) must
be called Oreinus, the genus in which is placed their S. pla-
giostomus;
– the (sub)genus Racoma of these authors should be called
Schizothorax, because they place the type species of Raco-
ma (R. labiata) in the same genus as the type species of
Schizothorax (S. esocinus) [not Schizothorax (Racoma) as
by Kullander at al., 1999];
– Schizothoraichthys of Talwar (1987) should be called Schi-
zothorax, because they have the same type species (S. esoci-
nus);
– Racoma (Schizopyge) of Wu & Wu (1992) should be called
Schizopyge or Schizothorax (Schizopyge) [not Schizothorax
(Schizothorax) as by Kullander et al., 1999: 113, because
their respective type species belong to different (sub)genera].
A molecular study of Schizothorax by Yang, Yang &
Chen (2012) showed great discrepancies between their re-
sults and the genera recognised here, following mainly Wu
& Wu (1992) (Schizothorax, Schyzopyge, Oreinus). Their
results also emphasized the confused species-level taxono-
my, which should be clarified before reaching taxonomic
conclusions at the genus level. Their study focused on spe-
cies of Southwestern China and more species of all recogn-
ised lineages from throughout their whole range should now
also be analyzed together.
[Schizothorax esocinus Heckel, 1838: 48, pl. 9 (type locality: India: Kash-
mir: Tschilum River [Jhelum] and connected lakes; holotype: NMW
9011, Eschmeyer, 2010)].
[Schizothorax plagiostomus Heckel, 1838: 16, pl. 1 (type locality: India:
Kashmir: Tschilum River [Jhelum] and connected lakes; holotype:
NMW 51469, Eschmeyer, 2010)].
Schizothorax heteri Yang, Zhen, Chen & Yang, 2013
Schizothorax heteri Yang, Zhen, Chen & Yang, 2013: 363,
fig. 4 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Tengchong Coun-
ty: Qushi township: Hongmu town, Longchuanjiang at
Manmi village [25°12'22.8"N 98°38'38.2"E]; holotype:
KIZ 2006012497)
Taxonomic nots. Generic position tentative. See comment
under S. yunnanensis.
Schizothorax lantsangensis Tsao, in Wu, 1964
Schizothorax lantsangensis Tsao, in Wu, 1964: 162, pl. 4-
21 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Wei Xi, Yen Wa and
De Qin drainages; Lantsang drainage [Mekong]; synty-
pes: IHB [9])
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
162
Schizothorax leukus Yang, Zhen, Chen & Yang, 2013
Schizothorax leukus Yang, Zhen, Chen & Yang, 2013: 362,
fig. 2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Tengchong County:
Guyong town: Binlangjiang at Houqiao [25°22'39.8"N
98°12'23.2"E]; holotype: KIZ 2006012490)
Taxonomic nots. Generic position tentative. See comment
under S. yunnanensis.
Schizothorax nudiventris Yang, Chen & Yang, 2009
Schizothorax nudiventris Yang, Chen & Yang, 2009: 30,
fig. 7 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Weixi County: Badi
town: Wulonglong village, Lancang Jiang River
[Mekong]; holotype: KIZ 20050507224)
Schizothorax paoshanensis Tsao, in Wu, 1964
Schizothorax yunnanensis paoshanensis Tsao, in Wu, 1964:
164, pl. 4-23 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Bao Shan
County: Dong He; syntypes: IHB [11])
Taxonomic notes. Schizothorax paoshanensis is treated as
a synonym or subspecies of S. yunnanensis by earlier au-
thors. Molecular data in Yang, Yang & Chen (2012) show
that the material they identified under these names are dis-
tinct species. See also under S. yunnanensis.
Schizothorax taliensis Regan, 1907
Schizothorax taliensis Regan, 1907a: 63 (type locality: Chi-
na: Yunnan: Tali Fu Lake; syntypes: BMNH 1907.5.4.63–
66 [4], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Schizothorax yunnanensis Norman, 1923
Schizothorax yunnanensis Norman, 1923b: 561 (type local-
ity: China: Yunnan: Tengyueh [Tengchong, 25°01'N
98°29'E; Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype: BMNH
1923.2.21.28, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Taxonomic notes. Norman (1923: 561) indicated the type
locality of S. yunnanensis only as "Yunnan". The BMNH
register indicates that the material was obtained in Tengyueh
[now Tengchong]. This is in the Irrawaddy drainage; see
also the itinerary and maps of the collectors (Gregory &
Gregory, 1923a–b). Since the original description, the spe-
cies has been considered to be restricted to the Mekong drain-
ages (e.g. Chu & Chen, 1989: 315; Chen & Cao, in Yue,
2000: 316, 614) with S. paoshanensis as a subspecies or
closely related species in the Salween and Irrawaddy drain-
ages (Yang, Yang & Chen, 2012). Yang et al.'s molecular
phylogeny of Schizothorax included material of S. yunann-
ensis from the Mekong drainage and of S. paoshanensis from
the Salween and Irrawaddy drainages. The three popula-
tions are not closely related and the haplotypes of the sam-
ples from Tengchong are very close to those of Oreinus
meridionalis and a S. cf. griseus. Schizothorax 'yunannen-
sis' has no close affinities with any species from the Sal-
ween or Irrawaddy drainages. This suggests that the species
currently identified as S. yunnanensis in the Mekong drain-
age is misidentified and possibly has no name and that the
S. paoshanensis from the Irrawaddy drainage could be the
real S. yunnanensis or a senior synonym of one of the spe-
cies recognised in the Irrawaddy.
Yang, Zhen, Chen & Yang (2013) have recently revised
the species of Schizothorax from the Irrawaddy drainage.
They recognised eight valid species (two of them new:
S. leukus, S. heteri). One of these eight species is probably
S. yunnanensis.
[Schizothorax griseus Pellegrin, 1931: 146, 289 [fig.] (type locality: Chi-
na: Koei-Tchéou; syntypes: MNHN 1913-0157 [1], 1913-0158 [1],
Yang, Chen & Yang, 2009: 24, fig. 1, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 57)].
Semilabeo Peters, 1881
Semilabeo Peters, 1881b: 1032 (type species: Semilabeo
notabilis Peters, 1881b: 1032, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Amplolabrius Lin, 1933a: 81 (type species: Amplolabrius
mirus Lin, 1933a: 82, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Semilabeo notabilis Peters, 1881
Semilabeo notabilis Peters, 1881b: 1032, pl. fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: China: sent from Hong Kong; holotype: ZMB
11324, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Amplolabrius mirus Lin, 1933a: 82, figs. 2–3 (type locality:
China: northern Guangdong: Shiu Kwan; holotype: BLG
2946)
Semilabeo obscurus Lin, in Zheng, 1981
Semilabeo obscurus Lin, in Zheng, 1981: 106, fig. 82 (type
locality: China: Guangxi: Yangxu in Bose; holotype
[p. 107–108]: ASIZB 750690)
Semiplotus Bleeker, 1860
Semiplotus Bleeker, 1860c: 424 (type species: Cyprinus semi-
plotus
M'Clelland, 1839: 274, by subsequent monotypy
in Bleeker, 1860j: 115). Gender masculine.
Semiplotus cirrhosus Chaudhuri, 1919
Semiplotus cirrhosus Chaudhuri, 1919: 280, pl. 22 fig. 3
(type locality: Burma: hill stream of Putao Plains; holo-
type: ZSI F 9747/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 118)
? Semiplotus manipurensis Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000a:
94, pl. 1 fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin
basin, Chall ou River at Thetsi near Jessami, 25°38'N
94°35'E; holotype: MUMF F 2049)
Semiplotus modestus Day, 1870
Semiplotus modestus Day, 1870d: 101 (type locality: Bur-
ma: hill ranges of Akyab [Sittwe]; syntypes [2]: ZSI
F 2343 [1], AMS B.7837 [1], Menon & Yazdani, 1968:
118, Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 156, Ferraris et al.,
2000: 300)
Sikukia Smith, 1931
Sikukia Smith, 1931b: 138 (type species: Sikukia stejnegeri
Smith, 1931b: 138, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Xenocheilichthys Smith, 1934: 304 (type species: Xenocheili-
chthys gudgeri Smith, 1934: 305, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Sikukia flavicaudata Chu & Chen, 1987
Sikukia flavicaudata Chu & Chen, 1987: 378, fig. (type lo-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
163
cality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Lancang River
[Mekong] at Xiaoganlanba; 22°29'N 100°35'E; holotype:
KIZ 735161)
Sikukia gudgeri (Smith, 1934)
Xenocheilichthys gudgeri Smith, 1934: 305, 1 fig. (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Nan Province: upper Nan River near
Nan city; holotype: USNM 103367, Eschmeyer, 2010
Sikukia longibarbata Li, Chen, Yang & Chen, 1998
Sikukia longibarbata Li, Chen, Yang & Chen, 1998: 454,
fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna:
Menglun; holotype: KIZ 9606078)
Sikukia stejnegeri Smith, 1931
Sikukia stejnegeri Smith, 1931b: 138 (type locality: Central
Thailand: Sikuk River; holotype: KUMF 164, Monkol-
prasit, 1969: 5, Kottelat, 1985b: 955)
Xenocheilichthys Loppei Durand, 1940: 8, pl. 2 (type local-
ity: Cambodia: Phnom Penh, Pointe de Chrui Chang-
war; holotype: ION)
Sinibrama Wu, 1939
Sinibrama Wu, 1939: 115 (type species: Chanodichthys wui
Rendahl, 1932: 105 [junior homonym of C. wui Lin,
1932c: 516] by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. Systematics discussed in Xie et al.
(2003a–b).
Sinibrama affinis (Vaillant, 1892)
Chanodichthys affinis Vaillant, 1892: 127 (type locality:
Vietnam: area of Lai-Chau or Muong-Lai: Nam Kia, sec-
ond creek crossing road from Muong Kia [22°07'N
100°30'E] to the west [details in Vaillant, 1904a: 461];
holotype: MNHN 1892-0047, Vaillant, 1904a: 467, pl. 23
fig. 5, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 81)
? Megalobrama melrosei Nichols & Pope, 1927: 369, fig. 34
(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH
8378)
Sinibrama macrops (Günther, 1868)
Chanodichthys macrops Günther, 1868a: 326 (type locali-
ty: Taiwan; lectotype: BMNH 1865.5.2.15, designated
by Banarescu, 1970b: 134)
Chanodichthys wui Lin, 1932c [15 Nov]: 516 (type locali-
ty: China: Weichow: Yunkiang; lectotype: CAS-SU
35266, designated by Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 1798)
Erythroculter macrophthalmus Berg, 1934: 265, 266 (based
on Culter recurviceps of Tanaka, 1928: 813, pl. 173
fig. 477; type locality: Taiwan: Taihoku; holotype:
ZUMT 18120 [specimen figured and described by Tana-
ka], Ho & Shao, 2011: 27, fig. 2)
Sinibrama wui polylepis Yih & Wu, in Wu, 1964: 110, pl. 2-
44 (type locality: China: Guangxi: Guilin; syntypes: IHB
[6] and material of C. wui Lin, 1932c: 516)
Nomenclatural notes. Chanodichthys wui Rendahl, 1932
is considered to be valid by some authors (e.g. Chen et al.,
1998: 142) but its validity is still not certain (see Xie et al.,
2003b). The situation is made more complex because the
quasi-simultaneous homonymy with C. wui Lin, 1932c,
which is a junior synonym of S. macrops. Lin (1932c) ap-
peared 3 weeks before Rendahl (1932) and has precedence.
Therefore Rendahl's C. wui cannot be used as the name of a
valid species. If considered to be distinct, the species called
"S. wui Rendahl, 1932" by Chinese authors should be called
S. typus Yih & Wu, 1964, the next available name.
[Chanodichthys wui Rendahl, 1932 [8 Dec]: 105 (type locality: China:
Kiating [Loshan]; holotype: MMNHN 1702 or 2102 [specimen from
Kiating in Wu, 1930a: 73, explicitly designated by Rendahl]; junior
primary homonym of Chanodichthys wui Lin, 1932c [15 Nov]: 516)].
[Sinibrama wui typus Yih & Wu, in Wu, 1964: 109 (replacement name for
Chanodichthys wui Rendahl, 1932: 105)].
Sinocyclocheilus Fang, 1936
Sinocyclocheilus Fang, 1936c: 588 (type species: Sinocy-
clocheilus tingi Fang, 1936c: 590, by original designa-
tion; as Sinocyclocheils on p. 588, an inadvertent error,
thus incorrect original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]). Gen-
der masculine.
Gibbibarbus Dai, 1988: 88 (type species: Gibbibarbus cy-
photergous Dai, 1988: 88, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Anchicyclocheilus Li & Lan, 1992: 46 (type species: Anchi-
cyclocheilus halfibindus Li & Lan, 1992: 47, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Revision by Zhao & Zhang (2009).
Sinocyclocheilus xichouensis Pan, Li, Yang & Chen, 2013
Sinocyclocheilus xichouensis Pan, Li, Yang & Chen, 2013:
369, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Wenshan Pre-
fecture: Xichou County: Xingjie town, Ganhaizi village,
Ganhaizi stream, tributary of Chouyang River
[24°15'55"N 102°33'08"E]; holotype: KIZ 2009004168)
Spinibarbichthys Oshima, 1926
Spinibarbichthys Oshima, 1926: 11 (type species: Spinibar-
bichthys denticulatus Oshima, 1926: 11, by original des-
ignation). Gender masculine.
Spinibarbichthys denticulatus Oshima, 1926
Spinibarbichthys denticulatus Oshima, 1926: 11 [1 Feb.]
(type locality: China: Hainan: Kachek River near Kachek;
holotype: LU)
Spinibarbus spinicelatus Koller, 1926b: 75 (type locality:
China: Hainan: stream on mountain Wu-tschi; syntypes
[17]: NMW 5073 [1], 5074–5076 [2], 5077–5078 [2],
5079–5081 [3], 5082–5083 [2], 5084–5085 [2], 5086–
5087 [2], 5088–5089 [2], Banarescu, 1972a: 111, pl. 2
fig. 5, Eschmeyer, 2010; also in Koller, 1927: 35, pl. 1
fig. 5)
? Spinibarbus nammauensis Nguyen & Nguyen, in Nguyen
[V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 320, fig. 152 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Bac Can Province: Lake Ba Be basin, Nam Mau;
NCNTTSI 01.64.07.01; spelt namauensis p. 602, treat-
ed as an inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spell-
ing [Code art. 32.5.1])
Distribution notes. Records of Spinibarbus sinensis from
Vietnam (Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 322) apparently refer
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
164
to Spinibarbichthys denticulatus. Spinibarbus sinensis is
definitively recorded only in Yangtze basin (Yue, 2000: 41).
[Puntius sinensis Bleeker, 1871b: 17, pl. 3 fig. 2 (type locality: China:
? Yang-tse-kiang River; holotype [255 mm TL]: MNHN 5027, Bertin
& Estève, 1948: 28)].
? Spinibarbichthys maensis (Nguyen, Duong & Tran, in
Duong, Nguyen & Tran, 2007)
Spinibarbus maensis Nguyen, Duong & Tran, in Duong,
Nguyen & Tran, 2007: 22, fig. (type locality: Vietnam:
Thanh Hoa Province: Camthuy district: Ma River; holo-
type: HNUE)
? Spinibarbichthys ovalius (Nguyen & Ngo, 2001)
Spinibarbus ovalius Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 324,
fig. 154 (type locality: Vietnam: Tuyen Quang Province:
Na Hang district, Song Gam River; holotype: NCNTT-
SI H.01.64.08.01)
Spinibarbus Oshima, 1919
Spinibarbus Oshima, 1919: 217 (type species: Spinibarbus
hollandi Oshima, 1919: 218, by monotypy [Oshima
mentioned "the type of the present genus" but did not
explicitly name it, so there is no type by original desig-
nation]). Gender masculine.
? Spinibarbus babeensis Nguyen, in Nguyen & Ngo, 2001
Spinibarbus babeensis Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 312, fig. 148 (type locality: Vietnam: Bac Kan
Province: Lake Ba Be; holotype: NCNTTSI
H.01.64.05.01)
? Spinibarbus brevicephalus Nguyen & Nguyen, 1997
Spinibarbus brevicephalus Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V.
H.], 1997: 25, fig. 2 (type locality: Vietnam: Quang Nam
– Da Nang Province: Dai Loc district: Ha Tan, stream
Vu Gia in Thu Bon drainage; holotype: HNUE 0476)
Spinibarbus caldwelli (Nichols, 1925)
Barbus caldwelli Nichols, 1925f: 2 (type locality: China:
Fukien [Fujian]: Yenping [Yanping]; holotype: AMNH
8434, Banarescu, 1972a: 109)
Spinibarbus nigrodorsalis Oshima, 1926: 10 (type locality:
China: Hainan: Kachek River near Kachek and about
40 miles above Kachek; syntypes [5]: LU)
Mystacoleucus mandarinus Rendahl, 1926b: 1 (type locali-
ty: China: Fokien: Chang-Ting-Hsien, Hsin-Chiao; syn-
types: NRM 9995 [2])
Spinibarbus caldwelli vietnamensis Mai, 1978: 80 (type lo-
cality: northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT)
Taxonomic notes. Spinibarbus caldwelli is treated as dis-
tinct from S. hollandi following Tang et al. (2005).
[Spinibarbus hollandi Oshima, 1919: 218, pl. 50 fig. 3, pl. 51 fig. 1 (type
locality: Taiwan: Sobun River near Tabani; lectotype: FMNH 59095,
designated by Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 739].
Spinibarbus vittatus Nguyen & Nguyen, in Nguyen &
Nguyen, 1997
Spinibarbus vittatus Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [H. D.], in
Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], 1997: 23, fig. 1 (type
locality: Vietnam: Hoa Binh Province: Thac Bo, Da Bac,
Da drainage; holotype: NCNTTSI 71.0678)
Squalidus Dybowski, 1872
Squalidus Dybowski, 1872: 215 (type species: Squalidus
chankaensis Dybowski, 1872: 215, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Sinigobio Chu, 1935: 11 (type species: Gobio sihuensis Chu,
1932: 22, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Parasqualidus Doi, 2000b: 233 (type species: Parasquali-
dus maii Doi, 2000b: 234, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Squalidus argentatus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant,
1874)
Gobio argentatus Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 9
(type locality: China: Yang-Tse-Kiang; syntypes: MNHN
2064 [1], 5038 [1], 5039 [1], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 87)
Gobio hsüi Wu & Wang, 1931: 227, fig. 3 (type locality:
China: Sichuan: Katin; holotype: SSCN; incorrect orig-
inal spelling, must be emended to hsui, Code art.
32.5.2.1)
Gobio hsuei Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 746 (unjustified emen-
dation of Gobio hsui Wu & Wang, 1931: 227 [as the
name hsüi was based on a Chinese word, it cannot be
emended in hsuei, which Code art. 32.5.2.1 allows only
for names based on German words])
Squalidus atromaculatus (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Gnathopogon atromaculatus Nichols & Pope, 1927: 351
(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH
8442)
Squalidus chankaensis vietnamensis Banarescu & Nalbant,
1964: 457, fig. 1 (type locality: Vietnam: Nam Lung
River, tributary of Black River [Song Da] at Phong-Thô;
holotype: MNHN 1935-0344, Kottelat, 2001a: 42)
Squalidus maii (Doi, 2000)
Parasqualidus maii Doi, 2000b: 234, fig. 2 (type locality:
Vietnam: Vugia River, near Ha Tan, Da Nang; holotype:
NSMTP 58547)
Squalidus minor (Harada, 1943)
Leucogobio minor Harada, 1943: 42, pl. 14 figs. 52–53 (type
locality: China: Hainan: outskirts of Jinjiang, Qiong-san;
syntypes: LU)
Squalidus wolterstorffi (Regan, 1908)
Gobio wolterstorffi Regan, 1908b: 110, pl. 4 fig. 2 (type
locality: China: Shanxi: Nankancho near Tinghsiang
[Dingxiang; Wu & Wu, 1990: 69, 75]; holotype: BMNH
1907.11.26.3, Banarescu & Nalbant, 1973: 87)
Gnathopogon punctatus Nichols, 1925e: 7 (type locality:
China: Fukien [Fujian]: near Yenping [Yanping]; holo-
type: AMNH 8423)
Gnathopogon woltestorffi [sic] huapingensis Wu & Wu,
1990: 68, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Huaping,
Jinsha Jiang drainage [Yangtze]; holotype: NPIB
19804131)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
165
Distribution notes. Record in area from Shi Wan Da Shan
(Zhao & Zhang, 2001b). Identification requires confirma-
tion.
Squaliobarbus Günther, 1868
Squaliobarbus Günther, 1868a: 297 (type species: Leuciscus
curriculus Richardson, 1846a: 299, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson, 1846)
Leuciscus curriculus Richardson, 1846a: 299 (type locali-
ty: China: Canton; holotype: BMNH 1962.2.5.1, White-
head, 1970a: 210 [or syntype if Reeves drawing is based
on another specimen])
Leuciscus teretiusculus Basilewsky, 1855: 232, pl. 4 fig. 1
(type locality: China: waters near Tianjin and draining
to Gulf of Tschili; types: ? ZISP)
Squaliobarbus caudalis Sauvage, 1884a: 211, pl. 7 fig. 2
(type locality: Vietnam: vicinity of Hanoï; holotype:
MNHN)
Squaliobarbus jordani Evermann & Shaw, 1927: 107 (type
locality: China: Hangchow; holotype: CAS 502)
Taxonomic notes. See also Sarcocheilichthys teretiusculus
under Ctenopharyngodon idella.
Striuntius Kottelat, 2013
Striuntius Kottelat, 2013: 483 [appendix to present work]
(type species: Barbus lineatus Duncker, 1904: 180, by
original designation). Gender masculine.
Striuntius lineatus (Duncker, 1904)
Barbus lineatus Duncker, 1904: 180, pl. 2 fig. 14 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: Muar River near Tubing Tinggi [Tebing
Tinggi]; lectotype: ZMH 328 [formerly 8428], designated
by Ladiges et al., 1958: 158)
Sundadanio Kottelat & Witte, 1999
Sundadanio Kottelat & Witte, 1999: 54 (type species: Rasbo-
ra axelrodi Brittan, 1976: 94, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Sundadanio atomus Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011
Sundadanio atomus Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011: 265,
figs. 12–13 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Singkep
Island; holotype: MZB 17188)
Sundadanio axelrodi (Brittan, 1976)
Rasbora axelrodi Brittan, 1976: 94, fig. (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra [aquarium import; Bintan Island, Con-
way et al., 2011: 264]; holotype: CAS 36685, Conway
et al., 2011: 259, fig. 9a)
Sundadanio echinus Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011
Sundadanio echinus Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011: 274,
figs. 21–22 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kaliman-
tan Barat: Sungei Pinyuh, 8 km southeast of Anjungan
on road to Pontianak; holotype: MZB 17195)
Sundadanio gargula Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011
Sundadanio gargula Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011: 266,
fig. 14 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Bangka is-
land: blackwater stream in peat swamp forest, 5.5 km
North of Payung on road to Pangkalpinang; holotype:
MZB 17190)
Sundadanio goblinus Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011
Sundadanio goblinus Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 268, figs. 16–
17 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi, Berbak,
Batang Hari drainage; holotype: MZB 17192)
Sundadanio margarition Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011
Sundadanio margarition Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011: 278,
figs. 27–29 (type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak:
Sibu, Sungei Nibung, just north of Durin bridge over
Rajang River, 2°10'04.98"N 112°00'55.50"E; holotype:
ZRC 52383)
Sundadanio retiarius Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011
Sundadanio retiarius Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011: 275,
figs. 24–25 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kaliman-
tan Tengah: Kumai drainage: Sungei Nyeri, blackwater
stream near Kampung Seitendang, 2°42.730'S
111°43.274'E; holotype: MZB 17196)
Sundadanio rubellus Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011
Sundadanio rubellus Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011: 270,
figs. 18–19 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kaliman-
tan Barat: Ambawang; holotype: MZB 17193)
Systomus McClelland, 1838
Systomus McClelland, 1838: 943 (type species: Systomus
immaculatus M'Clelland, 1839: 284, 380, by subsequent
designation by Jordan, 1919a: 195; no species original-
ly included, first inclusion by M'Clelland, 1839: 284,
379). Gender masculine.
Systomus binduchitra (Hora, 1937)
Barbus binduchitra Hora, 1937b: 327, fig. 4 (type locality:
Burma: Sandoway, road-side drains and small streams;
holotype: ZSI F 12478/1)
Nomenclatural notes. Menon & Yazdani (1968: 116) list-
ed 10 syntypes of Barbus binduchitra as ZSI F 12478/1.
Hora explicitly listed a single specimen as "type specimen"
on p. 329 and in caption of fig. 4 and there cannot be synty-
pes]).
Systomus compressiformis (Cockerell, 1913)
Barbus compressus Boulenger, 1893: 202 (type locality:
Burma: Southern Shan States: Fort Stedman; syntypes:
BMNH 1893.6.30.43–52 [10]; primary junior homonym
of Barbus compressus Day, 1870b 555)
Barbus compressiformis Cockerell, 1913: 133 (replacement
name for Barbus compressus Boulenger, 1893: 202)
Barbus stedmanensis Boulenger, in Annandale, 1918: 47,
pl. 3 fig 2 (replacement name for Barbus compressus
Boulenger, 1893: 202)
Barbus liui Fowler, 1958a: 12 (replacement name for Bar-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
166
bus compressus Boulenger, 1893: 202)
Barbus lini Talwar & Jhingran, 1991: 265 (incorrect subse-
quent spelling for Barbus liui Fowler, 1958a: 12)
Systomus jacobusboehlkei (Fowler, 1958)
Puntius simus Smith, 1945: 185, fig. 32 (type locality: Thai-
land: Chiang Mai Province: Huey Melin, branch of Me-
nam Mao [Mekong basin]; holotype: USNM 119452;
secondary junior homonym of Barbus simus Sauvage &
Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 8, when placed in Barbus by
Fowler, 1958a: 11)
Barbus jacobus-boehlkei Fowler, 1958a: 11 (replacement
name for Puntius simus Smith, 1945: 185)
Puntius takhoaensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 1969: 12 (type
locality: Vietnam: Son La Province: Yen Chau, Suoi Nam
Ta Khoa stream; lectotype: NCNTTSI "140", designat-
ed by Roberts & Catania, 2007: 91 [possibly same as
NCNTTSI H.01.68.04.01, erroneously listed as holotype
by Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 343]; spelt taleloaen-
sis p. 12 and takloaensis p. 18, first reviser [Kottelat,
2001b: 119] retained takhoaensis as correct original spell-
ing; figure of a syntype in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001:
342, fig. 164, again in Nguyen [V. H.], 2007: 81, fig. 10;
translation in Nguyen [V. H.] & Doan, 2007: 69)
Systomus rubripinnis (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Va-
lenciennes, 1842)
Barbus rubripinna van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 [translated in
Alfred, 1961b: 85], 1824b: 375 (nomen nudum, Kotte-
lat, 1987a: 370)
Barbus rubripinnis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 194 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: syntypes:
? RMNH)
Barbus orphoides Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 193 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; syntypes ?:
RMNH, reproduced in Roberts, 1993b: 21; simultaneous
subjective synonym of Barbus rubripinnis Valenciennes,
in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842: 193, first reviser [Blee-
ker, 1860j: 338; Günther, 1868a: 116] gave precedence
to Barbus rubripinnis)
Barbus sarananella Bleeker, 1849h: 16 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Serayu River in Banjumas / Gombong /
Bugowonto River in Purworedjo; syntypes [up to 111
mm TL]: ? RMNH)
Barbus caudimarginatus Blyth, 1860b: 157 (type locality:
Burma: Tenasserim Provinces; types: ? ZSI)
Nomenclatural notes. Roberts (1993: 21) considered that
there was a holotype of Barbus orphoides in RMNH. Va-
lenciennes stated having examined the species in RMNH
but never stated that there was a single specimen and there
is no reason in his account to believe there was only one.
Systomus sarana (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus sarana Hamilton, 1822: 307, 388 (type locality:
India: "ponds and rivers of India"; types: NT; Hamil-
ton's unpublished figure reproduced in Hora, 1929a:
pl. 23 fig. 5)
? Cyprinus kunama Cuvier, 1829: 273 (available by indica-
tion to Russell, 1803b: n° 204; type locality: India: Viza-
gapatham [Visakhapatnam]; types: material on which is
based Russel, 1803b: 82, pl. 204 [Kunnamoo])
Cyprinus kunamo M'Clelland, 1839: 272, 340 (not avail-
able, name listed in synonymy)
Barbus deliciosus M'Clelland, 1839: 272, 342, pl. 39 fig. 3
(type locality: India: upper Assam; types: LU; incorrect
original spelling diliciosus corrected in erratum, Code
art. 32.5.1.1)
Systomus immaculatus M'Clelland, 1839: 284, 380, pl. 44
fig. 5 (type locality: India: Assam [original type locali-
ty: India: Assam]; neotype: AMS B.7920, designated by
Pethiyagoda et al., 2012: 77, fig. 6)
Systomus chrysosomus M'Clelland, 1839: 284, 381 (type
locality: India: Bengal / all parts of India; types: LU)
Barbus kakus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:
153 (based on Russell, 1803b: 83, n° 205; type locality:
India: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam] [tank near Tar-
toor]; types: material on which is based Russell, 1803b:
83, n° 205 [no plate; Kakoo or Karoo])
Barbus subnasutus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 154 (type locality: India: Pondicherry; holo-
type: MNHN 3823, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 24)
Barbus gibbosus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 155 (type locality: India: Alipey; holotype: MNHN
3816, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 24; in Puntius or Barbus,
potentially a junior homonym of Systomus gibbosus
M'Clelland, 1839: 286, 385)
Barbus gardonides Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 156, pl. 465 (type locality: India: swamps of
Calcutta; lectotype: MNHN 3819 [1], by present desig-
nation [type series includes material of Systomus sarana
and S. rubripinnis, now restricted to S. sarana], Bertin
& Estève, 1948: 25)
Barbus chrysopoma Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 165, pl. 466 (type locality: India: Malabar
coast; syntypes: MNHN 5776 [2], Fang, 1943: 399, Ber-
tin & Estève, 1948: 24)
Barbus Duvaucelii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 167 (type locality: India: Bengal; holotype:
MNHN 3817, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 25)
Barbus roseipinnis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 169 (type locality: India: Pondicherry; synty-
pes: MNHN 1405 [2])
Barbus Polydori Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 170 (type locality: India: Bombay; holotype:
MNHN
3827, Fang, 1943: 400, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 25)
Cyprinus M'clellandi Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1842: 390 (unnecessary replacement name for Sys-
tomus immaculatus M'Clelland, 1839: 284, 380)
Cyprinus kadoon Heckel, 1843: 1018 (type locality: India:
Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype [?]: specimen
on which is based Russell, 1803b: 83, n° 206 [Kadoon;
authors cite a pl. 208, but Russell state thate there is no
figure; apparently based on a single specimen])
Barbus kadoon Bleeker, 1853o: 60 (type locality: India:
Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype: specimen on
which is based Russell, 1803b: 83, n° 206 [Kadoon; au-
thors cite a pl. 208, but Russell state that there is no fig-
ure; apparently based on a single specimen; junior hom-
onym and objective synonym of Cyprinus kadoon Hec-
kel, 1843: 1018)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
167
Cyclocheilichthys pinnauratus Day, 1865b: 300 (type lo-
cality: India: Cochin; holotype: among ZSI 2728, BMNH
1889.2.1.4332–4333 [2], NMW 54468–54470, RMNH
2582, ZISP 8216 [2], FMNH 2309 [2], Whitehead &
Talwar, 1976: 156)
Barbus russellii Günther, 1868a: 121 (type locality: India:
Indus River at Sabzilkot; syntypes: BMNH 1860.3.19.732
[1],
1860.3.19.856 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Puntius spilurus Günther, 1868a: 114 (type locality: Sri
Lan-
ka; syntypes: BMNH 1852.2.19.124 [1], 1858.10.19.86–91
[6], 1859.5.31.47 [1])
Cyprinus rugosus Hora, 1933: 134 (not available, name listed
in synonymy)
? Puntius timbiri Deraniyagala, 1962: E13 (type locality:
Sri Lanka: Valavé River at Timbirigas-mandaka; holo-
type: NMSL FF 801; also in Deraniyagala, 1963: 63,
pl. 1 figs. 2–3)
Puntius saberi Datta & Karmakar, 1981: 179, fig. 1 (type
locality: India: Madhya Pradesh: Bastar District:
Cheroguru Talao, Pujaripal Village, 23 km from Sukma;
holotype: ZSI FF 1398)
Taxonomic notes. Very tentative synonymy. A critical revi-
sion is likely to show that several species are involved. Pop-
ulations from Irrawaddy drainage are recognised as S. sewelli.
? Systomus sewelli (Prashad & Mukerji, 1929)
Barbus sewelli Prashad & Mukerji, 1929: 197, pl. 9 figs. 1–
1b (type locality: Burma: Indawgyi Lake [exact locality
of holotype not stated]; holotype: ZSI F 10910/1, Me-
non & Yazdani, 1968: 106)
? Puntius morehensis Arunkumar & Tombi Singh, 1998b:
254, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin
drainage: Lairok Maru stream, tributary of Lokchao riv-
er near Moreh, 2 km from Moreh Bazar; holotype:
MUMF F 240/1A)
Taxonomic notes. Often treated as synonym of S. sarana, q.v.
Tanichthys Lin, 1932
Tanichthys Lin, 1932b: 379 (type species: Tanichthys al-
bonubes Lin, 1932b: 379, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine.
Species incertae sedis
'Tanichthys' thacbaensis Nguyen & Ngo, 2001
Tanichthys thacbaensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo, 2001: 47,
fig. 10 (type locality: Vietnam: Yen Bai Province: Thac
Ba [lake], Yen Binh; holotype: NCNTTSI H.01.70.01.01)
Taxonomic notes. The respective positions of the dorsal
and anal fins and the shape of the anal fin suggest that this
species does not belong to Tanichthys.
Tanichthys albonubes Lin, 1932
Tanichthys albonubes Lin, 1932b: 379 (type locality: Chi-
na: Guangdong: streams in ravines of White Cloud
Mountain; holotype: FESC 1097; figured in Lin, 1935b:
414, fig. 1)
Aphyocypris pooni Herre, 1939b [February]: 176 (type lo-
cality: China: Hong Kong: New Territories [figured spec-
imens in fact from Guangdong: White Cloud Mountain;
see Weitzman & Chan, 1966: 286]; syntypes [at least
the two figured specimens]: possibly not preserved; se-
nior homonym of Aphocypris pooni Lin, 1939 [April]:
129, Weitzman & Chan, 1966: 285)
Tanichthys micagemmae Freyhof & Herder, 2001
Tanichthys micagemmae Freyhof & Herder, 2001: 216,
figs. 1–2 (type locality: Vietnam: Quang Binh Province:
stream Bau Dung, a tributary of Ben Hai River;
17°07.24'N 106°58.12'E; holotype: ZFMK 39098)
Thryssocypris Roberts & Kottelat, 1984
Thryssocypris Roberts & Kottelat, 1984: 142 (type species:
Thryssocypris smaragdinus Roberts & Kottelat, 1984:
146, by original designation). Gender feminine.
Thryssocypris ornithostoma Kottelat, 1991
Thryssocypris ornithostoma Kottelat, 1991c: 277, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas
River mainstream at Nibung, between Jongkong [0°40'N
112°17'E] and Selimbau [0°37'N 112°08'E]; holotype:
MZB 5885)
Thryssocypris smaragdina Roberts & Kottelat, 1984
Thryssocypris smaragdinus Roberts & Kottelat, 1984: 146,
fig. 1 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan
Barat: Kapuas River 6 km west of Putussibau, 0°50.5'N
112°52'E; holotype: MZB 3435; an adjective)
Thryssocypris tonlesapensis Roberts & Kottelat, 1984
Thryssocypris tonlesapensis Roberts & Kottelat, 1984: 146,
fig. 2 (type locality: Cambodia: Prek Tamen at or near
Snoc Trou; holotype: MNHN 1982-1032)
Thryssocypris wongrati Grudpan & Grudpan, 2012
Thryssocypris wongrati Grudpan & Grudpan, 2012: 229,
fig. 1 (type locality: Thailand: Chai-Nat Province: Bang
Nok Kra-Yang village, Sap-Phaya, Chao Phraya River;
15°08'22.88"N 100°08'47.32"E; holotype: CAS 234133)
Thynnichthys Bleeker, 1859
Thynnichthys Bleeker, 1859l: 153 (type species: Leuciscus
thynnoides Bleeker, 1852r: 599, by monotypy [two spe-
cies originally included, but Thynnichthys polylepis is a
nomen nudum in Bleeker, 1859l; also in Bleeker, 1860c:
433, without included species]). Gender masculine.
Thynnichthyina Fowler, 1937: 177 (subgenus of Thynnich-
thys Bleeker, 1859l: 153; type species: Thynnichthys thai
Fowler, 1937: 177, by original designation). Gender fem-
inine.
Thynnichthys polylepis Bleeker, 1860
Thynnichthys polylepis Bleeker, 1859l: 154 (nomen nudum)
Thynnichthys polylepis Bleeker, 1860j: 407 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang / Borneo: Kalimantan
Barat: Pontianak; syntypes [3, 88–181 mm TL]: RMNH
4966 [1], 10487 [1], 1866.5.2.90 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
168
Thynnichthys thynnoides (Bleeker, 1852)
Leuciscus thynnoïdes Bleeker, 1852r: 599 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [135 mm TL]:
?BMNH 1866.5.2.89, Eschmeyer, 2010 ['cotype' listed
by Bertin & Estève, 1948: 50 cannot be type as it is from
Borneo])
Thynnichthys thai Fowler, 1937: 177, figs. 114–115 (type
locality: Thailand: Me Poon [Mae Phun, a stream enter-
ing Mae Nam Yom at 17°40'N 99°42'E; de Schauensee,
1946: 5; see Kottelat, 1990e: 207]; holotype: ANSP
68086, Böhlke, 1984: 93)
Thynnichthys vaillanti Weber & de Beaufort, 1916
Thynnichthys vaillanti Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 122 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Ma-
hakam River at Tepu and Kota Bangun; syntypes: ZMA
112.611 [1, listed as holotype], RMNH [2, Thynnichthys
thynnoides sensu Vaillant, 1902: 102], Nijssen et al.,
1993: 215)
Tor Gray, 1834
Tor Gray, 1834: vol. 2, pl. 96 fig. 1 (type species: Tor hamil-
tonii Gray, 1834: pl. 96, by monotypy). Gender mascu-
line.
Hypselobarbus Bleeker, 1860c: 430 (type species: Barbus
mussulah Sykes, 1839a: 159, by subsequent designation
by Bleeker, 1863e: 199, 1863m: 27; no species original-
ly included, first inclusion by Bleeker, 1860j: 275, 311]).
Gender masculine.
Naziritor Mirza & Javed, 1985: 226 (subgenus of Tor Gray,
1834: pl. 96; type species: Tor zhobensis Mirza, 1967:
54, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Tor ater Roberts, 1999
Tor ater Roberts, 1999a: 231, fig. 3 (type locality: Laos:
Nam Theun at Ban Talang; holotype: ZRC 40356)
Tor hemispinus Chen & Chu, 1985
Tor hemispinus Chen & Chu, 1985: 80, fig. 1 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: Liu-ku [Salween drainage]; holotype:
KIZ 742003)
Tor laterivittatus Zhou & Cui, 1996
Tor laterivittatus Zhou & Cui, 1996: 138, fig. 10 (type lo-
cality: China: Yunnan: Mengla County: Nanla River, a
tributary of Lancangjiang [Mekong], near Mengla city,
21°29'N 101°34'E; holotype: KIZ 8840041)
Taxonomic notes. Possibly a junior synonym of Tor sinen-
sis Wu, 1977.
Tor mosal (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus mosal Hamilton, 1822: 306, 388 (type locality:
India: Kosi River; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished
drawing published by Gray, 1831a: vol. 1, pl. 93 fig. 1)
Barbus megalepis M'Clelland, 1839: 271, 337 (type locali-
ty: India: Kosi River; syntypes: LU [specimen examined
by M'Clelland and types of Cyprinus mosal Hamilton,
1822: 306)
Tor mosal mahanadicus David, 1953: 245, fig. 1a (type lo-
cality: India: Orissa: Hirakud stretch of Mahanadi Riv-
er; syntypes: LU [large numbers])
Tor polylepis Zhou & Cui, 1996
Tor polylepis Zhou & Cui, 1996: 135, figs. 7–8 (type local-
ity: China: Yunnan: Mengla County: Nanla River, a trib-
utary of Lancangjiang [Mekong], near Mengla, 21°29'N
101°34'E; holotype: KIZ 863563)
Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus putitora Hamilton, 1822: 303, 388 (type locality:
India: eastern parts of Bengal; types: NT)
Labeobarbus macrolepis Heckel, 1838: 60, pl. 10 fig. 2 (type
locality: India: Kashmir: Tschilum River [Jhelum] and
connected lakes; holotype: NMW 54284, Eschmeyer,
2010)
Barbus macrocephalus M'Clelland, 1839: 270, 335, pl. 55
fig. 2 (type locality: India: rapids in Upper Assam; holo-
type: LU)
Taxonomic notes. Identity of specimens from Myanmar
requires confirmation. Material earlier recorded as T. puti-
tora from the Irrawaddy in Yunnan has been described as
T. yingjiangensis by Chen & Yang (2004), who did not real-
ly address the identity of the Myanmar records.
Tor sinensis Wu, in Wu, 1977
Tor tor sinensis Wu, in Wu, 1977: 325, pl. 7-60 (type local-
ity: China: Yunnan: Luosuo Jiang [Bu-Yuan Jiang], Jing-
hong and Menghan; syntypes: IHB 00433, 7090, 584139,
584218, 584252, 584268, 634047, 634101, 638199,
638241–243, 638245 [13])
Tor tambra (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842)
Barbus tambra Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 1823c:
132 [translated in Alfred, 1961b: 85], 1824b: 375 (no-
men nudum, Kottelat, 1987a: 370)
Barbus tambra Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1842: 190 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Buitenzorg
[Bogor]; syntypes: apparently RMNH D.2289 [1, Rob-
erts, 1993b: 22, figs. 23–24] and specimen on which is
based Kuhl and van Hasselt's drawing [Roberts, 1993b:
fig. 22])
? Barbus douronensis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1842: 187 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holo-
type ?: MNHN 3826, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 49, Rob-
erts, 1993b: 22; if junior subjective synonym of Barbus
tambra Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842:
190, first reviser [Roberts, 1993b: 22] gave precedence
to B. tambra)
? Puntius streeteri Myers, 1927: 1, fig. 1 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baloi River, near Paran
River, 150 miles above (south of) where the Linoh Riv-
er enters the Baloi; holotype: AMNH 8481)
Barbus anisurus Roberts, 1993b: 22 (not available, an un-
published manuscript name of Kuhl and van Hasselt)
Taxonomic notes. Roberts (1993b: 22) treated Barbus
tambra, B. douronensis and B. soro as synonyms, without
providing much data. Later (1999a: 234), he considered that
B. soro in fact could be a Neolissochilus. The three species
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
169
have been described simultaneously. If they are treated as
synonyms, then Roberts (1993b: 22) is apparently the first
reviser and gave precedence to B. tambra over B. douro-
nensis and B. soro. As I am not able to see real differences
in the descriptions of T. douronensis and T. tambra by Va-
lenciennes, Bleeker or Weber & de Beaufort, I tentatively
follow this synonymy.
A molecular study (Nguyen [T. T. T.] et al., 2008) of
some species of Tor included a species that they identified
as T. douronensis made of three distinct lineages. Unfortu-
nately, because of the absence of usable morphological in-
formation, the absence of mention of voucher material on
which identifications could be confirmed, and because no
material from Java is included, it is not possible to draw
taxonomic and nomenclatural conclusions. It seems possi-
ble, however, that their material from the Mekong drainage
belongs to the species identified as T. douronensis by Zhou
& Cui (1996: 134) or T. tambra by Kottelat (2001c: 83).
There is presently no name available for this species. Ngu-
yen et al.'s material from Sumatra could be T. tambra (pend-
ing confirmation by including Javanese material in such an
analysis). The name T. streeteri is potentially available for a
species of Tor from Sabah and Sarawak, pending a usable
diagnosis. The identity of material identified by other au-
thors as T. douronensis or T. tambra from other localities in
Borneo and from the Malay Peninsula requires investiga-
tion.
Nomenclatural notes. Roberts (1993b: 22) considers spec-
imen RMNH 2289 to be the holotype of Barbus tambra.
Valenciennes mentioned that he examined a large stuffed
specimen (possibly RMNH D.2289) 2 feet long (= 24 Pari-
sian inches = 650 mm TL; Klimpert, 1896), figured in Rob-
erts (1993b: figs. 23–24). Valenciennes also had a drawing
of this species (reproduced in Roberts, 1993b: fig. 22), which
does not seem to represent the stuffed specimen (compare
head shape, eye size and position, dorsal fin size, body
depth). Therefore the species is apparently based on two
syntypes, the stuffed specimen and the model of Kuhl and
van Hasselt's drawing. The colours described by Valencien-
nes (and shown on the drawing) could not be observed on a
stuffed specimen (especially the blues, pinks and purples)
and had to be done from a fresh individual, supporting the
idea that this description was based on Kuhl and van Has-
selt's drawing.
Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854)
Labeobarbus tambroïdes Bleeker, 1854v: 92 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Padang, Pajakombo, Solok, Lake
Maninjau / Java: Tjampea, Buitenzorg [Bogor], Tjipanas;
syntypes [12, 88–430 mm TL]: part of RMNH 2089 [9],
7026 [1], BMNH 1866.5.2.64 [1], AMS B.7654 [1],
NMV 46320 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Nomenclatural notes. If Tor tambroides is treated as syn-
onym of T. tambra, then T. tambra is the valid name.
Tor tor (Hamilton, 1822)
Cyprinus tor Hamilton, 1822: 305, 388 (type locality: In-
dia: Mahananda River; types: NT; Hamilton's unpub-
lished figure reproduced in Gray, 1834: vol. 2, pl. 96
fig. 1)
Tor Hamiltonii Gray, 1834: vol. 2, pl. 96 fig. 1 (based on
Hamilton's unpublished figure of Cyprinus tor; type lo-
cality: India: Mahananda River; holotype: specimen on
which figure is based)
? Tor barakae Arunkumar & Basudha, 2003: 272, fig. 1 (type
locality: India: Manipur: Brahmaputra drainage: Barak
River at Barak Bridge; holotype: Institute of Bioresources
and Sustainable Development, Imphal IBSD 01)
Tor yingjiangensis Chen & Yang, 2004
Tor yingjiangensis Chen & Yang, 2004: 186, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Yingjiang River at Manyun
town; holotype: KIZ 164401)
Toxabramis Günther, 1873
Toxabramis Günther, 1873b: 249 (type species: Toxabra-
mis swinhonis Günther, 1873b: 250, by monotypy). Gen-
der feminine.
Species inquirendae
Toxabramis maensis Nguyen & Duong, in Duong, Nguyen,
Tran & Ta, 2006: 17, fig. 1 (type locality: Vietnam: Thanh
Hoa Province: Camthuy District: Nam Ma River, Quang
Hoa area; holotype: HNUE)
Toxabramis nhatleensis Nguyen, Tran & Ta, in Duong, Ngu-
yen, Tran & Ta, 2006: 19, fig. 2 (type locality: Vietnam:
Quang Binh Province: Le Thuy, Nhat Le River; holo-
type: HNUE)
Toxabramis houdemeri Pellegrin, 1932
Toxabramis Houdemeri Pellegrin, 1932a: 156 (type locali-
ty: Vietnam: market in Hanoï; lectotype: MNHN 1931-
0171, designated by Banarescu, 1963: 462, pl. 1 fig. 2)
Toxabramis Houdemeri var. abbreviata Pellegrin, 1934b:
334 (type locality: Vietnam: ponds around Hanoï; holo-
type: MNHN 1934-0216, Banarescu, 1963: 462, pl. 1
fig. 3)
? Toxabramis hotayensis Nguyen, in Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngo,
2001: 143, fig. 66 (type locality: Vietnam: Ho Tay (West
Lake), Hanoi; holotype: NCNTTSI H.01.032.03.01)
Trigonopoma Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010
Trigonopoma Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010: 159 (type spe-
cies: Rasbora pauciperforata Weber & de Beaufort,
1916: 78, by original designation). Gender neuter.
Taxonomic notes. See discussion under Rasbora.
Trigonopoma gracile (Kottelat, 1991)
Rasbora gracilis Kottelat, 1991b: 179, fig. 2 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungai Pinyuh,
8 km SE of Anjungan on road to Pontianak, 0°20'N
109°08'E [erroneous; in fact Sungai Kepayung, 7 km SE
of Ajungan on road to Pontianak, 0°20'N 109°08'E; pers.
obs.]; holotype: MZB 5883)
Taxonomic notes. This is the species referred to as Rasbo-
ra taeniata or R. agilis by earlier authors (Kottelat, 1991b:
179). Rasbora taeniata Ahl, 1922 is based on a poorly pre-
served aquarium fish of unknown origin and which is ap-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
170
parently a Cyprinodontiformes (Kottelat, 1991b: 185). Note
that the type locality was erroneous in the original descrip-
tion and must be corrected as above.
[Rasbora taeniata Ahl, 1922b: 295 (type locality: "Sumatra"; holotype:
ZMB 20646, Kottelat, 1991b: 185, fig. 6; not a junior homonym of
Rasbora sumatrana var. taeniata Vaillant, 1893b: 89, which is infra-
subspecific; also in Ahl, 1923: 181)].
Trigonopoma pauciperforatum (Weber & de Beaufort,
1916)
Rasbora pauciperforata Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 78,
fig. 28 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Gunung Sa-
hilan and Deli [type locality restriction by Brittan, 1954:
164 not valid as no lectotype is designated]; syntypes:
ZMA 112.590 [118], CAS-SU 15335 [4], Nijssen et al.,
1993: 215, Böhlke, 1953: 37 [Weber & de Beaufort stat-
ed "type of the species in" ZMA; this is not a holotype
designation as Code art. 73.1.1 requires that the authors
state "that one specimen […] is the type"; the authors
stated where the type is but not which of their specimen
is the type, so this is not a holotype designation; in addi-
tion no specimen has been separated and can now be
recognised as the holotype; therefore, all specimens are
syntypes])
Rasbora agilis Ahl, 1937: 113 (type locality: Indonesia:
Sumatra ?; lectotype: ZMB 20867, designated by Kotte-
lat, 1991b: 178, fig. 1)
? Rasbora vietnamensis Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2013: 275
[323], fig. 5 (type locality: Vietnam: Phu Quoc Island:
Vung Bau River, 10°20.760'N 103°50.879'E; holotype:
ZMMU P-23040)
Taxonomic notes. In the original description, R. vietnam-
ensis is not compared with T. pauciperforatum, which has
already been recorded from Southeastern Thailand, Cam-
bodia and Vietnam (e.g. Kottelat, 1985a, 1989; Rainboth,
1996b: 78; Bui, 2011: 33). I do not see characters to distin-
guish the two species.
Trigonostigma Kottelat & Witte, 1999
Altorasbora Mayland, 1996: 85 (not available, name pro-
posed conditionally; Code art. 15.1)
Trigonostigma Kottelat & Witte, 1999: 54 (type species:
Rasbora heteromorpha Duncker, 1904: 182, by original
designation). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. See discussion under Rasbora.
Trigonostigma espei (Meinken, 1967)
Rasbora heteromorpha espei Meinken, 1967: 14, 2 figs.
(type locality: Thailand [aquarium specimens imported
from Bangkok]; syntypes: ZMH [4])
Trigonostigma hengeli (Meinken, 1956)
Rasbora hengeli Meinken, 1956: 281, figs. (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi: "near confluence of Tembe-
si and Jambi Rivers" [dubious, based on aquarium spec-
imens]; syntypes [11, 7 preserved and 4 alive]: ZMH
1184 [11 out of 13 ?], Wilkens, 1977: 158)
Trigonostigma heteromorpha (Duncker, 1904)
Rasbora heteromorpha Duncker, 1904: 182, pl. 1 fig. 5 (type
locality: Malaysia: Negri Sembilan [erroneous; Selan-
gor]: 2–3 milestone, Semenyih-Beranang road [approxi-
mately on Sungei Rinching; see Alfred, 1963e: 166]; lec-
totype: ZMH 378 [formerly 8472], designated by Ladiges
et al., 1958: 159)
Trigonostigma somphongsi (Meinken, 1958)
Rasbora somphongsi Meinken, 1958a [Mar.]: 67, 1 fig. (type
locality: "Menam in southern Thailand" [Chao Phraya
drainage]; syntypes: Meinken collection: I.1958a–c [3,
possibly ZMH 1190b; Wilkens, 1977: 158], ZSM 10155
[1]; also in Meinken, 1958b [Oct.]: 1, fig. 1)
Troglocyclocheilus Kottelat & Bréhier, 1999
Troglocyclocheilus Kottelat & Bréhier, 1999: 350 (type spe-
cies: Troglocyclocheilus khammouanensis Kottelat &
Bréhier, 1999, by original designation). Gender mascu-
line.
Troglocyclocheilus khammouanensis Kottelat & Bréhier,
1999
Troglocyclocheilus khammouanensis Kottelat & Bréhier,
1999: 350, fig. 4 (type locality: Laos: Khammouan Prov-
ince: Khoung Nam Don, resurgence of Nam Don [stream]
near Ban Phondou [village]; 17°33'50"N 104°52'20"E;
holotype: NRM 42535)
Xenocypris Günther, 1868
Xenocypris Günther, 1868a: 205 (type species: Xenocypris
argentea Günther, 1868a: 205, by monotypy). Gender
feminine.
Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, 1871
Xenocypris Davidi Bleeker, 1871b: 56, pl. 6 fig. 4 (type lo-
cality: China: ? Yangtze River; holotype: LU, Eschmey-
er, 2010)
Xenocypris insularis Nichols & Pope, 1927: 363, fig. 29
(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH
8374)
Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871
? Leuciscus argenteus Basilewsky, 1855: 232 (type locali-
ty: China: near Beijing and Tien-tsin [Tianjin]; types: ?
ZISP; primary junior homonym of Leuciscus argenteus
Fitzinger, 1832: 336 and Leuciscus argenteus Storer,
1839: 406)
Xenocypris argentea Günther, 1868a: 205 (type locality: ?
China; holotype: BMNH 1855.9.19.1147, Eschmeyer,
2010; secondary junior homonym of Leuciscus argen-
teus Basilewsky, 1855: 232 when placed in Xenocypris
by Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 13 and Warpa-
chowski & Herzenstein, 1887: 32)
Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871b: 53, pl. 5 fig. 2 (type
locality: China: Yangtze River; holotype: MNHN 5060,
Bertin & Estève, 1948: 74)
Xenocypris tapeinosoma Bleeker, 1871b: 55, pl. 11 fig. 1
(type locality: China: Yangtze River; holotype: MNHN
5939, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 74; simulatneous subjec-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
171
tive synonym of Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker, 1871b:
53, first reviser [Berg, 1909: 131] gave precedence to
X. macrolepis)
Xenocypris Guntheri Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874:
13 (replacement name for Xenocypris argentea Günther,
1868a: 205; correct spelling is guntheri not guentheri
because no umlaut (ü) was used on the u in original de-
scription)
Xenocypris aenea Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 13
(type locality: China [probably Yangtze basin]; holotype:
MNHN 8139, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 74)
Xenocypris lampertii Popta, 1907: 243, fig. (type locality:
China: Kiautschou [Chiao-Hsien, 36°19'N 120°00'E;
Fricke, 2005: 34], "Imperial Canal"; holotype: SMNS
4319, Fricke, 2005: 34)
Xenocypris sungariensis Berg, 1907: 418 (type locality:
Russia: Siberia: Amur basin: Harbin / Hailin River at
Hailin railway station, a tributary of Mutang-kiang, Sun-
gari basin; syntypes: ZISP 13765 [4], 14079 [2])
Xenocypris nitidus Garman, 1912: 117 (type locality: Chi-
na: Hupeh: Shasi [Shashi]; 30°16'N 112°20'E; syntypes:
MCZ 29822 [1], 29823 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Xenocypris katinensis Tchang, 1930c: 84 (type locality:
China: Sichuan: Katin; holotype: MNHN 1934-0076 [as
paratype in Bertin & Estève, 1948: 74]; also in Tchang,
1930a: 104, 1931a: 104)
Xenocypris nankinensis Tchang, 1930a: 102 (type locality:
China: Nankin; syntypes [2]: MNHN 1934-0073 [1],
Bertin & Estève, 1948: 74; also in Tchang, 1931a: 102)
Xenocypris argentea fani Tchang & Shaw, 1931: 291, fig. 8
(type locality: China: Hopei: Lai-say; holotype: ZM-
FMIB 4657)
Xenocyprioides Chen, 1982
Xenocyprioides Chen, 1982b: 425 (type species: Xenocy-
prioides parvulus Chen, 1982b: 425, by original desig-
nation). Gender masculine.
Xenocyprioides parvulus Chen, 1982
Xenocyprioides parvulus Chen, 1982b: 425, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: China: Guangxi: Qinzhou City; holotype: IHB
75VI0852)
Zacco Jordan & Evermann, 1902
Zacco Jordan & Evermann, 1902: 322 (type species: Leu-
ciscus platypus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 207, by
original designation). Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. The type species of Zacco is Leu-
ciscus platypus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846. The same name
is used by Richardson (1846a: 300) based on specimens in
BMNH and with reference to the then unpublished text of
Temminck & Schlegel. The description of L. platypus ap-
peared in Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 207, in Decade 11,
issued on 26 August 1846 (Bauchot et al., 1982: 67); the
description in Richardson (1846a: 300) appeared in June-
July 1846 (Bauchot et al., 1982: 66). The exact publication
date of Richardson (1846a) is not known but we know that
it was being printed in March 1846. In the addenda dated
April 1846 (p. 320), Richardson wrote that he had received
Decade 10, while sheet 7 was in the press. On page 272 he
also mentioned receiving Decade 9. Leuciscus platypus Rich-
ardson, 1846a, being based on different material, is thus a
senior primary homonym of L. platypus Temminck & Schle-
gel, 1846. The types of the two nominal species must be
compared to decide whether or not they are synonyms.
[Leuciscus platypus Richardson, 1846a: 300 (type locality: Japan; holo-
type: ? BMNH)].
[Leuciscus platypus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 207, pl. 101 fig. 1 (type
locality: Japan; lectotype: RMNH 2858a, designated by Boeseman,
1947: 160; junior primary homonym of Leuciscus platypus Richard-
son, 1846a: 300)].
Zacco acutipinnis (Bleeker, 1871)
Barilius acutipinnis Bleeker, 1871b: 15, 81, pl. 13 fig. 1
(type locality: China: Yangtze River; holotype: MNHN
5070, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 68)
Opsariichthys acanthogenys Boulenger, 1901a: 269, pl. 24
fig. 1 (type locality: China: Chekiang [Zhejiang]: Ning-
po; syntypes: BMNH 1901.3.6.10–15 [6], Eschmeyer,
2010)
Squaliobarbus panwingi Lin, 1932b: 381 (type locality:
China: Guangdong: White Cloud Mountain; holotype:
FESC 1099)
Zacco macrophthalmus Kimura, 1934: 46, pl. 2 fig. 2 (type
locality: China: Sichuan: Peng Hsien; holotype: BDSSI)
Zacco macrolepis Yang & Hwang, in Wu, 1964: 46, pl. 1-
33 (type locality: China: Fujian, Sichuan and Hubei;
syntypes: IHB [14])
Family PSILORHYNCHIDAE
nation by Jordan, 1919a: 195; no species originally in-
cluded, first inclusion by M'Clelland, 1839: 428). Gen-
der masculine.
Psilorhynchoides Yazdani, Singh & Rao, 1993: 16 (type spe-
cies: Psilorhynchus homaloptera Hora & Mukerji, 1935b:
391, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Psilorhynchus brachyrhynchus Conway & Britz, 2010
Psilorhynchus brachyrhynchus Conway & Britz, 2010: 32,
Psilorhynchidae Hora, 1926
Psilorhynchidae Hora, 1926a: 460 (type genus: Psilorhyn-
chus McClelland, 1838: 944)
Taxonomic notes. See Conway (2011) and Conway et al.
(2012, 2013) for taxonomy and osteology.
Psilorhynchus McClelland, 1838
Psilorhynchus McClelland, 1838: 944 (type species: Cypri-
nus sucatio Hamilton, 1822: 347, by subsequent desig-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
172
fig. 1 (type locality: Myanmar: Kachin State: Putao: Aye-
yarwaddy River drainage, Ma Kyaww Wa Chaung and
its tributary Nan Hto Chaung, about 1 mile from 46th
regiment, close to rice mill, 27°19'44"N 97°22'36"E; ho-
lotype: NRM 40935)
Distribution notes. Record of P. balitora from Myanmar
(Mukerji, 1933: 828, pl. 1 figs. 2–4) are P. brachyrhynchus
(Conway & Britz, 2010: 38, fig. 5).
[Cyprinus balitora Hamilton, 1822: 348, 394 (type locality: Bangladesh:
Dinajpur: Mahanada River at Tetulia, near location of Dak Bungalow,
26°28'59.9"N 88°19'59.9"E [original type locality: India: north-east of
Bengal]; neotype: UMMZ 248758, designated by Conway & Mayden,
2008b: 216, fig. 1; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in
M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 50 fig. 2)].
[Psilorhynchus variegatus M'Clelland, 1839: 300, 430, pl. 50 fig. 2 (type
locality: Bangladesh: Dinajpur: Mahanada River at Tetulia, near loca-
tion of Dak Bungalow, 26°28'59.9"N 88°19'59.9"E [original type lo-
cality: India: Upper Assam: rapids at the foot of mountains]; neotype:
UMMZ 248758, designated by Conway & Mayden, 2008b: 216, fig. 1)].
Psilorhynchus breviminor Conway & Mayden, 2008
Psilorhynchus breviminor Conway & Mayden, 2008a: 112,
fig. 1 (type locality: Myanmar: Shan State: Ma Gawe
River, along Kalawi-Thazi highway, close to state bor-
der between Mandalay and Shan near Nampandet,
20°43.33'N 96°29.91'E; holotype: ZRC 51222)
Psilorhynchus chakpiensis Shangningam & Vishwanath,
2013
Psilorhynchus chakpiensis Shangningam & Vishwanath,
2013b: 383, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chan-
del district: Chakpi River at Chakpikarong,
24°12'02.36"N 93°54'50.36"E, Chindwin drainage;
MUMF 12071)
Psilorhynchus gokkyi Conway & Britz, 2010
Psilorhynchus gokkyi Conway & Britz, 2010: 42, figs. 8–9
(type locality: Myanmar: Magwe Division: Pani Chaung
(Ayeyarwaddy River drainage), near Gokkyi village,
19°49'20"N 94°26'08"E; holotype: BMNH 2010.4.14.1)
Psilorhynchus maculatus Shangningam & Vishwanath,
2013
Psilorhynchus maculatus Shangningam & Vishwanath,
2013a: 58, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Ukhrul
District: Challou River at Poi Village (3545 ft above sea
level), 25°17'03.93"N 94°31'42.62"E; holotype: MUMF
12084)
Psilorhynchus melissa Conway & Kottelat, 2010
Psilorhynchus melissa Conway & Kottelat, 2010: 260, figs. 1–
2
(type locality: Myanmar: Rakhine state: headwaters of
Ann Chaung drainage, approx. 19 km SE of Ann, 19°43'N
94°11'E; holotype: UMMZ 248829)
Psilorhynchus microphthalmus Vishwanath & Manojku-
mar, 1995
Psilorhynchus microphthalmus Vishwanath & Manojkumar,
1995: 249, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: stream
Chakpi [tributary of Manipur River, Chindwin drainage]
at Mombi [24°15'N 93°55'E], 85 km south of Imphal;
holotype: MUMF F 101)
Psilorhynchus ngathanu Shangningam & Vishwanath,
2013
Psilorhynchus ngathanu Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2013c:
2, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chandel District:
Dutah River at Larong village, Chindwin drainage,
24°15'03.87"N 94°14'58.55"E; holotype: MUMF 12086)
Psilorhynchus pavimentatus Conway & Kottelat, 2010
Psilorhynchus pavimentatus Conway & Kottelat, 2010: 263,
figs. 4–5 (type locality: Myanmar: Rakhine state: head-
waters of Ann Chaung drainage, approx. 19 km SE of
Ann, 19°43'N 94°11'E; holotype: UMMZ 248831)
Psilorhynchus piperatus Conway & Britz, 2010
Psilorhynchus piperatus Conway & Britz, 2010: 39, fig. 6
(type locality: Myanmar: Magwe Division: Man Chaung
(Ayeyarwaddy River drainage), 0.5 miles from Zinpyo-
ne village, 19°55'03"N 94°30'11"E; holotype: BMNH
2010.4.14.8)
Psilorhynchus robustus Conway & Kottelat, 2007
Psilorhynchus robustus Conway & Kottelat, 2007: 49, fig. 1
(type locality: Myanmar: Kayin [Karen] State: stream
"Chon Son" between Kyondaw and Phadaw, about 20
km northwest of Payathouzu [Payathonzu] (at border with
Thailand); about 15°25'N 98°15'E; holotype: ZRC 51111)
Psilorhynchus rowleyi Hora & Misra, 1941
Psilorhynchus homaloptera var. rowleyi Hora & Misra, 1941:
481, pl. 1 figs. 1–2 (type locality: Burma: Kora, Chind-
win basin; lectotype: ZSI F 13461/1, designated by Shang-
ningam et al., 2013: 250, fig. 1a; paralectotype in Con-
way & Mayden, 2008a: 117, fig. 4b)
Distribution notes. Records of P. homaloptera from Myan-
mar are H. rowleyi (Shangningam et al., 2013: 250).
Nomenclatural notes. The species name homaloptera is not
a compound adjective ending in -ptera but the genus-group
name Homaloptera and therefore a noun in apposition and
indeclinable. The species was named for its resemblance with
Homaloptera.
[Psilorhynchus homaloptera Hora & Mukerji, 1935b: 391, pl. 5 fig. 1 (type
locality: India: Nagaland: Keleki stream at Emilomi; holotype: ZSI F
11792/1, Shangningam et al., 2013: 253, fig. 4a, Menon & Yazdani,
1968: 114)].
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173
Family GYRINOCHEILIDAE
Gyrinocheilidae Gill, 1905
Gyrinocheilidae Gill, 1905: 196 (type genus: Gyrinocheilus
Vaillant, 1902: 107)
Taxonomic notes. Check-list in Kottelat (2012d: 14).
Gyrinocheilus Vaillant, 1902
Gyrinocheilus Vaillant, 1902: 107 (type species: Gy-
rinocheilus pustulosus Vaillant, 1902: 111, by monoty-
py). Gender masculine.
Gyrinocheilops Fowler, 1937: 160 (type species: Gy-
rinocheilops pennocki Fowler, 1937: 161, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Gyrinocheilus aymonieri (Tirant, 1884)
Psilorhynchus Aymonieri Tirant, 1884: 167, figs. 1–2 (type
locality: Cambodia: tributaries of Prek-Tenot in the hills
of Samrong Tong, 75 km from Phnom Penh; holotype:
MGHNL 42000056, Kottelat, 1987c: 17, Roberts & Kot-
telat, 1993: 378, fig. 3b–c)
Gyrinocheilus kaznakovi Berg, 1906: 306, 365 (type locali-
ty: Cambodia: Pailin, between Battambang and Schanta-
bun [Chantaburi, in Thailand]; syntypes: ZISP 11254 [2],
Roberts & Kottelat, 1993: 381, fig. 3a)
Gyrinocheilus monchadskii Krasyukova & Gusev, 1987: 67,
fig. 1, pl. 2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Mekong River
near Tchili; holotype: ZISP 48103, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Gyrinocheilus pennocki (Fowler, 1937)
Gyrinocheilops pennocki Fowler, 1937: 161, figs. 98–99
(type locality: Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP 68102,
Böhlke, 1984: 112)
Gyrinocheilus pustulosus Vaillant, 1902
Gyrinocheilus pustulosus Vaillant, 1902: 111, figs. 30–32,
pls. 1–2 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan
Barat: Kapuas River basin: mouth of Raoen [Raun, 0°39'N
113°10'E], upper Sibau; syntypes: RMNH 7796 [1], 7797
[2], BMNH 1921.7.28.1 [1], Roberts & Kottelat, 1993:
378, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Family BOTIIDAE
Botiidae Berg, 1940
Botiidae Berg, 1940: 270 (type genus: Botia Gray, 1831b: 8)
Botiinae Fowler, 1951: 3 (available when published, but now
not available under 1961, 1985 and 1999 editions of the Code
art. 13.1; already established as Botiidae Berg, 1940: 270)
Leptobotiini Nalbant, 2002: 315 (type genus: Leptobotia
Bleeker, 1870: 256)
Taxonomic notes. Synopsis in Kottelat (2004a, 2012d).
Ambastaia Kottelat, 2011
Ambastaia Kottelat, 2012d: 137 (type species: Botia nigro-
lineata Kottelat & Chu, 1987: 395, by original designa-
tion). Gender feminine.
Ambastaia nigrolineata (Kottelat & Chu, 1987)
Botia nigrolineata Kottelat & Chu, 1987: 395, fig. 3 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Menghan, about
21°50'N 100°23'E; holotype: KIZ 735198; misspelt niqro-
lineata p. 395, a type setter error, Code art. 32.5.1)
Ambastaia sidthimunki (Klausewitz, 1959)
Botia sidthimunki Klausewitz, 1959: 51, figs. 1–3 (type lo-
cality: brooks of northern Thailand ["Loom district, Yom
River"; Eschmeyer, 2010, no source stated] [Phetchaburi
Province: probably Lom Sak district, 16°46'46"N
101°14'32"E]; holotype: SMF 4505)
Botia Gray, 1831
Botia Gray, 1831b: 8 (type species: Botia almorhae Gray,
1831b: 8, by monotypy). Gender feminine (Code art.
30.2.4).
Hymenphysa M'Clelland, 1839: 443 (type species: Cobitis
dario Hamilton, 1822: 354, by subsequent designation
by Jordan, 1919a: 195). Gender feminine.
Diacantha Swainson, 1839: 190, 310 (subgenus of Cantho-
phrys Swainson, 1838: 364; type species: Canthophrys
zebra Swainson, 1839: 310, by subsequent designation
by Swain, 1883: 282; spelt Diacanthus p. 190, first re-
viser [Eschmeyer, 1990: 123] retained Diacantha as cor-
rect original spelling). Gender feminine.
Hymenophysa Bleeker, 1858i: 303 (incorrect subsequent
spelling of Hymenphysa M'Clelland, 1839: 443, see Kot-
telat, 2004a: 12)
Nomenclatural notes. Bleeker (1858i: 303) explicitly list-
ed Hymenophysa as a name created by M'Clelland, without
explaining the spelling change. Therefore it is not an emen-
dation but an incorrect subsequent spelling (Code art. 33.1,
33.3).
Nalbant (2002: 317) used the name Hymenophysa for the
species here placed in Syncrossus. Kottelat (2004a: 12)
showed that the name Hymenophysa could not be used for
these species and that, anyway, Hymenophysa being an in-
correct spelling it is not available. Nalbant (2004: 270)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
174
claimed that the name in prevailing usage (Hymenophysa)
should be maintained under Code art. 33.3.1. Nalbant inter-
preted Hymenphysa and Hymenophysa as two different names
and therefore art. 33.3.1 is irrelevant since it applies only in
cases of alternative spellings of a name, and not in case of
alternative names for a taxon.
Even though Hymenophysa is not a distinct name but an
incorrect subsequent spelling of Hymenphysa, Code art.
33.3.1 could not be used the way interpreted by Nalbant.
This article states that an incorrect subsequent spelling has
to be preserved when it is "in prevailing usage and attributed
to the publication of the original spelling". Nalbant wished
to retain Hymenophysa as spelt by Bleeker [prevailing us-
age], without attributing it to M'Clelland [original spelling],
and to use it for the genus called here Syncrossus. Applica-
tion of Code art. 31.3.1 would be possible only if Hymeno-
physa had been attributed to M'Clelland by that prevailing
usage. Anyway, even if the spelling Hymenophysa were at-
tributed to M'Clelland, the type species remains Cobitis da-
rio and the result remains that Hymenophysa is a junior syn-
onym of Botia and cannot be used instead of Syncrossus.
Further, Hymenophysa having almost never been used as the
valid name of a genus, it is difficult to qualify it as 'prevail-
ing usage'.
Botia histrionica Blyth, 1860
Botia histrionica Blyth, 1860b: 166 (type locality: Burma:
Tenasserim; holotype: ZSI F 2634/1, Menon & Yazdani,
1968: 120)
Taxonomic notes. Records of Botia lohachata from Myan-
mar most likely refer to the present species.
[Botia lohachata Chaudhuri, 1912: 441, pl. 40 fig. 2 (type locality: India:
Bihar: Gandak River in Saran; holotype: ZSI F 8068/1, Menon &
Yazdani, 1968: 120)].
Botia kubotai Kottelat, 2004
Botia kubotai Kottelat, 2004a: 2, fig. 1 (type locality: Myan-
mar: Kayin [Karen] State: stream "Chon Son" between
Kyondaw and Phadaw, about 20 km northwest of
Payathouzu [Payathonzu] (at border with Thailand); about
15°25'N 98°15'E; holotype: MHNG 2644.24)
Botia udomritthiruji Ng, 2007
Botia udomritthiruji Ng, 2007a: 42, figs. 1–3 (type locality:
Myanmar: Taninthayi Division: Tenasserim River drain-
age in the vicinity of Same, 13°36'N 99°02'E; holotype:
UMMZ 248184)
Chromobotia Kottelat, 2004
Chromobotia Kottelat, 2004a: 13 (type species: Cobitis ma-
cracanthus Bleeker, 1852r: 603, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Chromobotia macracanthus (Bleeker, 1852)
Cobitis macracanthus Bleeker, 1852r: 603 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Kwanten River [Kuantan]; lectotype:
RMNNH 7058, designated by Alfred, 1961a: 34; com-
pound noun, indeclinable [not adjective because it did
not agree in gender in original description])
Leptobotia Bleeker, 1870
Leptobotia Bleeker, 1870d: 256 (type species: Botia elonga-
ta Bleeker, 1870d: 254, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Leptobotia pellegrini Fang, 1936
Leptobotia pellegrini Fang, 1936: 29 (type locality: China:
Sichuan; holotype: NRIBAS 1779)
Taxonomic notes. The species figured as L. elongata by
Kottelat (2001a: fig. 102) and Nguyen [V. H.] (2005a: 206,
fig. 103) is apparently L. pellegrini.
[Botia elongata Bleeker, 1870d: 254, pl. (type locality: China: Yang-Tse-
Kiang [Yangtze]; holotype: MNHN 5930, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 94)].
Parabotia Dabry de Thiersant, 1872
Parabotia Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191 (type species:
Parabotia fasciatus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, by
subsequent designation by Fang, 1936a: 4). Gender mas-
culine [Code art. 30.2.3].
Nomenclatural notes. Dabry de Thiersant (1872: 191) did
not indicate the gender of the genus Parabotia when he cre-
ated it. As Parabotia is neither a Latin, a Greek nor a West-
ern European name (Code art. 30.2.1), its gender is deter-
mined by that of the adjectivial species-group names origi-
nally included. Two nominal species were originally includ-
ed, P. fasciatus and P. rubrilabris. Rubrilabris is a noun in
apposition and therefore uninformative. Fasciatus is an ad-
jective with a masculine declension; therefore the gender of
Parabotia is masculine. This is unfortunate, since all other
genus names ending in -botia are feminine, but it cannot be
changed.
Parabotia dubius Kottelat, 2001
Botia elongata Mai, 1978: 240, fig. 110 (type locality: north-
ern Vietnam: Chay River, Thac Ba reservoir; holotype:
DVZUT; junior primary homonym of Botia elongata
Bleeker, 1870d: 254)
Parabotia dubia Kottelat, 2001a: 50 (replacement name for
Botia elongata Mai, 1978: 240)
? Parabotia kimluani Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 553, fig. 5 (type
locality: Vietnam: Tuyen Quang Province: Na Hang dis-
trict: Gam River; holotype: NCNTTSI)
? Parabotia vancuongi Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 555, fig. 6
(type locality: Vietnam: Tuyen Quang Province: Na Hang
district: Gam River; holotype: NCNTTSI; subjective si-
multaneous synonym of Parabotia kimluani Nguyen [V.
H.], 2005a: 553, first reviser [Kottelat, 2012d: 18] gave
precedence to P. kimluani; spelt vacuongi p. 686, first
reviser [Kottelat, 2012d: 18] selected vancuongi as the
correct original spelling)
Parabotia fasciatus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872
Parabotia fasciatus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, pl. 49
fig. 7 (type locality: China: Yang-tsee-kiang; holotype:
MNHN 5088, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 92)
Nemachilus xanthi Günther, 1888: 434 (type locality: Chi-
na: Sichuan: Yangtsze-Kiang at Ichang [Hubei: Yangtze
at Ychang, 30°43'N 111°17'N]; holotype: BMNH
1888.5.15.43)
Botia multifasciata Regan, 1905d: 389, pl. 5 fig. 3 (type lo-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
175
cality: China [Tung-Kung, east of Guangdong, on East
River; Mahnert, 1976: 473]; holotype: MHNG 677.98,
Mahnert, 1976: 473)
Leptobotia intermedia Mori, 1929: 384 (type locality: Chi-
na: Tsi-nan; holotype: LU)
Leptobotia hopeiensis Shaw & Tchang, 1931: 70, fig. 3 (type
locality: China: Shao-ho, about 60 li [then about 25 km]
north of Beijing; holotype: ZMFIB 5378)
Leptobotia kudoii Mori, 1933b: 13, fig. (type locality: Chi-
na: Manchuria [now in Jilin Province]: Sungari River near
Kirin [Jilin City]; holotype: LU)
Botia kwangsiensis Fang, 1936a: 13 (type locality: China:
Guangxi: Ling-yüng-shien / Nan-gning / Pai-Sê; synty-
pes:
NRIBAS 780, 808, 821–824, 907–909, 1085, 1188–
1189 [13 ?], MNHN 1940-0142, AMNH 12971 [ex NRIB-
AS 1084]
, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 92, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Botia wui Chang, 1944: 48, fig. 2 (type locality: China: Si-
chuan: Loshan in Min River basin; syntypes [2]: [repos-
itory not stated] 2134 [1], 2135 [1])
Taxnomic notes. Probably includes more than one species.
Parabotia parvus Chen, 1980
Parabotia parva Chen, 1980: 12, fig. 4 (type locality: Chi-
na: Guangxi: Bopai [? Bobai, 22°132 003 N 109°552 003
E]; syntypes: IHB 75V3614, 3616–3623, 3625–3632,
3634–3637 [21])
Sinibotia Fang, 1936
Sinibotia Fang, 1936a: 19 (subgenus of Botia Gray, 1831b: 8;
type species: Botia superciliaris Günther, 1892: 250, by
original designation). Gender feminine.
Sinibotia longiventralis (Yang & Chen, 1992)
Botia longiventralis Yang & Chen, 1992: 344, fig. 3 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Weixi County: small stream and
Lancangjiang [Mekong] near Baijixun [27°21'N 99°06'E];
holotype: KIZ 748660)
Sinibotia pulchra (Wu, 1939)
Botia pulchra Wu, 1939: 124, pl. 2 fig. 4 (type locality: Chi-
na: Guangxi: Li-Kiang at Yangso; syntypes: [repository
not stated] 405–406 [2])
Botia gigantea Mai, 1978: 239, fig. 109 (type locality: north-
ern Vietnam; types: DVZUT)
Sinibotia robusta (Wu, 1939)
Botia robusta Wu, 1939: 122, pl. 2 fig. 5 (type locality: Chi-
na: Guangxi: Li-Kiang at Yangso; syntypes: [repository
not stated] 278–285 [8])
Botia hexafurca Mai, 1978: 238, fig. 108 (type locality: north-
ern Vietnam: Tay Giang basin; types: DVZUT)
Syncrossus Blyth, 1860
Syncrossus Blyth, 1860b: 166 (type species: Syncrossus berd-
morei Blyth, 1860b: 166, by subsequent designation by
Jordan & Fowler, 1903c: 772 [two species originally in-
cluded: S. berdmorei and "Schistura grandis apud
McClelland"; 'apud' means "in an author"; Cobitis
(Schistura) grandis in M'Clelland, 1839: 307, 444 in fact
was a new combination of Botia grandis Gray, 1832:
vol. 1, pl. 94 fig. 3). Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. Hymenophysa Bleeker, 1858 has
beem erroneously used for the present genus. It is an incor-
rect subsequent spelling of Hymenphysa M'Clelland, 1839.
See under Botia Gray, 1831.
Syncrossus beauforti (Smith, 1931)
Botia beauforti Smith, 1931a: 2, fig. 1 (type locality: Thai-
land: Nakon Sritamarat Province: Tadi Stream at Ban
Kiriwong; holotype: USNM 90285)
Syncrossus berdmorei Blyth, 1860
Syncrossus Berdmorei Blyth, 1860b: 166 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Tenasserim provinces; syntypes: ZSI F 2636/1 [4],
Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 120)
Syncrossus helodes (Sauvage, 1876)
Botia helodes Sauvage, 1876: 99 (type locality: Cambodia:
Tma-Kré; holotype: MNHN 8595, Kottelat, 1984a: 807)
Syncrossus hymenophysa (Bleeker, 1852)
Cobitis hymenophysa Bleeker, 1852r: 602 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype: RMNH 7059,
Alfred, 1961a: 33)
Hymenophysa MacClellandi Bleeker, 1859b: 358 (unneces-
sary replacement name for Cobitis hymenophysa Blee-
ker, 1852r: 602; material listed as types by Fricke, 1991:
12 has no type status)
Syncrossus lucasbahi (Fowler, 1937)
Botia lucas-bahi Fowler, 1937: 154, fig. 70 (type locality:
Thailand: Tachin [Tha Chin, Samut Sakhon; 13°32'22"N
100°15'20"E]; holotype: ANSP 68005, Grant, 2007b: fig.
80)
Botia Beauforti var. formosa Pellegrin & Fang, 1940: 119,
fig. 5 (type locality: Laos: Ban Nam Khueng, 30 km north-
west of Ban Houei Sai, about 6 km from Mekong; synty-
pes: MNHN 1939-0218–0220 [5])
Botia yunnanensis Chen, 1980: 6, fig. 1 (type locality: Chi-
na: Yunnan: Jinghong; holotype: IHB 638040, Grant,
2007b: fig. 84)
Syncrossus reversus (Roberts, 1989)
Botia reversa Roberts, 1989: 102, fig. 76 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungei Pinoh, 37 km
south of Nangapinoh, 0°39.5'S 111°40'E; holotype: MZB
3521)
Yasuhikotakia Nalbant, 2002
Yasuhikotakia Nalbant, 2002: 317 (type species: Botia mo-
desta Bleeker, 1864e: 11, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Yasuhikotakia caudipunctata (Taki & Doi, 1995)
Botia caudipunctata Taki & Doi, 1995: 150, fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Mekong River at Hatsalao, near Pakse; ho-
lotype: NSMT P 35935)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
176
Yasuhikotakia eos (Taki, 1972)
Botia eos Taki, 1972: 66, fig. 1 (type locality: Laos: Nam
Ngum at mouth of Nam Khon at Tha Ngon, about 22 km
north of Vientiane; holotype: NSMT P 14537)
Yasuhikotakia lecontei (Fowler, 1937)
Botia lecontei Fowler, 1937: 156, figs. 71–74 (type locality:
Thailand: Kemarat; holotype: ANSP 68006)
? Botia pulchripinnis Paysan, 1970: 156, pl. 13 fig. 10 (type
locality: "Southeast Asia" [aquarium material imported
from Thailand]; syntypes: at least the specimen on which
the figure is based, not preserved)
Yasuhikotakia longidorsalis (Taki & Doi, 1995)
Botia longidorsalis Taki & Doi, 1995: 148, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Mekong River at Hatsalao, near Pakse; ho-
lotype: NSMT P 35940)
Yasuhikotakia modesta (Bleeker, 1864)
Botia modesta Bleeker, 1864e: 11 (type locality: Thailand:
Ayuthaya; syntypes: MNHN 1851 [7], Bertin & Estève,
1948: 91; figure in Bleeker, 1870d: pl.)
Botia rubripinnis Sauvage, 1876: 100 (type locality: Cam-
bodia: Phnom Penh; lectotype: MNHN 9545, designated
by Kottelat, 1984a: 809)
Yasuhikotakia morleti (Tirant, 1885)
Botia Morleti Tirant, 1885: 155 [1929: 133] (type locality:
Vietnam: Thu-dau-mot; syntypes: MGHNL [lost, Kottelat,
1987c: 17]; named for malacologist L.-J. Morlet, not to be
confused with P.-A. Morelet, see Crosse, 1893: 75, 78)
Botia horae Smith, 1931: 4, fig. 2 (type locality: Thailand:
Kanchanaburi Province: "west fork (Kwe Noi) of the
Meklong" [Khwae Noi River]; holotype: USNM 90286;
Hora is treated as a latinized name and horae is the cor-
rect original spelling [Code art. 31.1.1 and Example])
Yasuhikotakia splendida (Roberts, 1995)
Botia splendida Roberts, 1995b: 463, figs. 1–2 (type locali-
ty: Laos: Attapeu: Xe Pian 5–6 km upstream from Ban
Hin Lat and 1 km downstream from Se Pa waterfall,
14°45'10"N 106°27'50"E; holotype: ZRC 39215)
Family VAILLANTELLIDAE
Vaillantellidae Nalbant & Banarescu, 1977
Vaillantellinae Nalbant & Banarescu, 1977: 100 (type ge-
nus: Vaillantella Fowler, 1905a: 474)
Vaillantella Fowler, 1905
Vaillantella Fowler, 1905a: 474 (type species: Nemacheilus
euepipterus Vaillant, 1902: 137, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Vaillantella cinnamomea Kottelat, 1994
Vaillantella cinnamomea Kottelat, 1994a: 428, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Mahakam
River basin: Sungei Behernas, a blackwater tributary of
Mahakam River immediately upriver of Merimun; 0°05'S
115°47'E; holotype: MZB 5893)
Vaillantella euepiptera (Vaillant, 1902)
Nemacheilus euepipterus Vaillant, 1902: 137, fig. 41 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Pontia-
nak; lectotype: RMNH 7781, designated by Nalbant &
Banarescu, 1977: 101)
Vaillantella maassi Weber & de Beaufort, 1912
Vaillantella Maassi Weber & de Beaufort, 1912a: 532, pl. 12
fig. 2 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Gunung Sahilan
on Kampar Kiri; holotype: ZMA 100.993 Nijssen et al.,
1993: 216)
Vaillantella flavofasciata Tweedie, 1956: 59, pl. 6 fig. b (type
locality: Malaysia: Pahang: King George V National Park
[Taman Negara], Tahan River near Kuala Tahan; holo-
type: BMNH 1957.1.23.4)
Family COBITIDAE
Cobitidae Fitzinger, 1832
Cobitidae Fitzinger, 1832: 360 (type genus: Cobitis Linnaeus,
1758: 303; correct spelling confirmed by ICZN, 1988:
178 [Opinion 1500]). See Steyskal (1980: 170) for gra-
matically correct (but nomenclaturally incorrect) spell-
ing of the name.
Acanthopsides Heckel & Kner, 1858: 296 (type genus: Acan-
thopsis Agassiz, 1832: 134, not Acantopsis van Hasselt,
1823: 133)
Acanthophthalminae Gill, 1861: 7 (type genus: Acanthoph-
thalmus Bleeker, 1858i: 304, not Acantophthalmus van
Hasselt, 1823: 132)
Misgurninae Fowler, 1905a: 474 (type genus: Misgurnus La
Cepède, 1803: 16)
Taxonomic notes. See Šlechtová et al. (2008) for relation-
ships within the family Cobitidae and sexual dimorphism.
Acanthopsoides Fowler, 1934
Acanthopsoides Fowler, 1934a: 103 (type species: Acan-
thopsoides gracilis Fowler, 1934a: 103, by original des-
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177
? Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848b: 27, pl. 10 fig. 4
(type locality: Borneo; syntypes [2]: lost)
Acanthopsis biaculeata Rüppell, 1852: 28 (nomen nudum)
Cobitis choirorhynchos Bleeker, 1854v: 95 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang: at confluence of Lama-
tang and Enim Rivers; lectotype: RMNH 4977, desig-
nated by Alfred, 1961a: 33)
Cobitis macrorhynchos Bleeker, 1854v: 95 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt,
1823c: 133 [lectotype designation by Alfred, 1961a: 34,
is invalid as this is a replacement name and not a new
name])
Acantopsis octoactinotos Siebert, 1991
Acantopsis octoactinotos Siebert, 1991b: 910, fig. 2 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kinabatangan District:
tributary of Kinabantangan River in lowlands near Sungei
Deramakot, approx. 5°18'N 117°33'E; holotype: FMNH
68148)
Acantopsis spectabilis (Blyth, 1860)
Prostheacanthus spectabilis Blyth, 1860b: 167 (type locali-
ty: Burma: Tenasserim provinces; types: ? ZSI)
? Acantopsis multistigmatus Vishmanath & Laisram, 2005:
433, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin drain-
age: Lokchao stream, a tributary of Yu river; holotype:
MUMF 3044; spelt mu/tistigmatus p. 435, an inadvert-
ent error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code art.
32.5.1])
Acantopsis thiemmedhi Sontirat, 1999
Acanthopsis thiemmedhi Sontirat, 1997: 99 (not available,
name published in meeting material, Code art. 9.9)
Acantopsis thiemmedhi Sontirat, 1999: 66, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Uthaithani Province: Amphoe Lan Sak:
Huey Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Huey Nam Khoon;
holotype: KUMF 3131)
Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758
Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758: 303 (type species: Cobitis taenia
Linnaeus, 1758: 303, designated by ICZN, 1988 [Opin-
ion 1500]). Gender feminine.
Acantophthalmus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 (type species:
Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758: 303, by monotypy [see
Kottelat, 1987a: 371]; on Official Index of Rejected and
Invalid Generic Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1988: 178
[Opinion 1500]). Gender masculine.
Acanthophthalmus van Hasselt, 1824b: 377 (incorrect sub-
sequent spelling of Acantophthalmus van Hasselt, 1823c:
132; on Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic
Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1992b: 248 [Opinion 1695])
? Acanthopsis Agassiz, 1832: 134 (type species: Acanthop-
sis angustus Agassiz, 1835a: vol. 5, pl. 50 fig. 2, by sub-
sequent monotypy in Agassiz, 1835a: pl. 50; not a junior
homonym of Acanthopsis van Hasselt, 1824b: 377, which
is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Acantopsis van
Hasselt, 1823c: 133, thus does not enter into homonymy
[Code art. 33.3]; based on a fossil species, possibly not a
cobitid; Kottelat, 1987a: 372). Gender feminine.
ignation). Gender masculine.
Neacanthopsis Smith, 1945: 297 (type species: Neacanthop-
sis gracilentus Smith, 1945: 297, by original designa-
tion). Gender feminine.
Acanthopsoides delphax Siebert, 1991
Acanthopsoides delphax Siebert, 1991a: 105, fig. 6 (type
locality: Thailand: Salween River at Mae Sahm [Mae
Sahm Leap], west of Mae Sariang; holotype: USNM
229043)
Acanthopsoides gracilentus (Smith, 1945)
Neacanthopsis gracilentus Smith, 1945: 297, fig. 61 (type
locality: Thailand: Mae Ping River, north of Chiang Mai;
holotype: USNM 107952)
Acanthopsoides namromensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 559,
fig. 8 (type locality: Vietnam: Dien Bien Province:
Mekong
drainage: Nam Rom River; holotype: NCNTTSI)
Acanthopsoides gracilis Fowler, 1934
Acanthopsoides gracilis Fowler, 1934a: 103, fig. 55 (type
locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP 56999)
Acanthopsoides hapalias Siebert, 1991
Acanthopsoides hapalias Siebert, 1991a: 106, fig. 7 (type
species: Thailand: Nakhon Ratchasima Province: Mekong
basin: Mae Nam Mun about 2 km downstream from Phi-
mai, 15°14'N 102°31'E; holotype: USNM 271723)
Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert, 1991
Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert, 1991a: 107, fig. 8 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Boh Riv-
er; holotype: RMNH 31273)
Acanthopsoides robertsi Siebert, 1991
Acanthopsoides robertsi Siebert, 1991a: 109, fig. 10 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: small
oxbow off Kapuas River opposite Empangau, 124 km
northeast of Sintang; 0°44'N 112°23'E; holotype: CAS
49345)
Acantopsis van Hasselt, 1823
Acantopsis van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (type species: Acantop-
sis dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823c: 133, by monotypy).
Gender feminine.
Acanthopsis van Hasselt, 1824b: 376, 377 (incorrect subse-
quent spelling of Acantopsis van Hasselt, 1823c: 133)
? Aperioptus Richardson, 1848b: 27 (type species: Aperiop-
tus pictorius Richardson, 1848b: 27 by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Prostheacanthus Blyth, 1860b: 167 (type species: Pros-
theacanthus spectabilis Blyth, 1860b: 167, by monoty-
py). Gender masculine.
Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823
Acantopsis Dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: RMNH
2707 [1]; unpublished van Hasselt's figure reproduced in
Roberts, 1993b: fig. 25)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
178
Cobitinula Hankó, 1924: 152 (type species: Cobitinula ana-
toliae Hankó, 1924: 152, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Acanestrinia Bacescu, 1962: 435 (subgenus of Cobitis Lin-
naeus, 1758: 303; type species: Cobitis elongata Heckel
& Kner, 1858: 305, by original designation). Gender fem-
inine.
Bicanestrinia Bacescu, 1962: 436 (subgenus of Cobitis Lin-
naeus, 1758: 303; type species: Cobitis simplicispina
Hankó, 1924: 153, by original designation). Gender fem-
ine.
Iberocobitis Bacescu, 1962: 438 (subgenus of Cobitis Lin-
naeus, 1758: 303; type species: Acanthopsis paludica de
Buen, 1930: 33, by original designation). Gender femi-
nine.
Beyshehiria Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1999: 20
(subgenus of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758: 303; type species:
Cobitis bilseli Battalgil, 1942: 292, by original designa-
tion). Gender feminine.
Unavailable names
Cobitis yeni Nguyen [T. T.], 1982: 26 (nomen nudum)
Cobitis yeni Nguyen [T. T.], in Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 227,
fig. 114 (not available; locality: Vietnam: Ha Tinh Prov-
ince: stream Ngam Pho at Huong Son)
Nomenclatural notes. Nguyen [V. H.] (2005: 227) listed
Nguyen [T. T.] (1983: 83, pl. 3 fig. 2) as author of C. yeni.
Nguyen [T. T.] (1983) is an unpublished thesis and the name
is not available from it. As the description in Nguyen [V. H.]
(2005a) is from Nguyen [T. T.] (1983), I treat the author of
the nomen nudum as Nguyen [T. T.], in Nguyen [V. H.]. The
Code art. 16.1 requires that, after 1999, a new name must be
explicitly indicated as intentionally new. This is not the case
for C. yeni in Nguyen [V. H.] (2005a) and the name is not
available. Further, to be available, a new specific name pub-
lished after 1999 must be accompanied by the explicit desig-
nation of a holotype or syntypes (Code art. 16.4). Nguyen
[V. H.] (2005a) mentioned that the description is based on
19 specimens but they are not mentioned as a holotype or
syntypes.
Species incertae sedis
'Cobitis' guttata (Nguyen, 2005)
Acantopsis guttatus Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 557, fig. 7 (type
locality: Vietnam: Ha Giang Province: Lo River, Bac
Quang district, Suoi Mu stream in Tan Thanh village;
holotype: NCNTTSI)
Taxonomic notes. Apparently the species tentatively identi-
fied as Acantopsis arenae by Kottelat (2001a: 49, fig. 95).
Apparently represents an unnamed genus close to Cobitis.
Nomenclatural notes. If placed in the genus Cobitis, then it
is a junior secondary homonym of Cobitis guttata M'Clelland,
1839 [q.v., under Lepidocephalichthy guntea]. I do not pro-
pose a replacement name since it will soon be transfered into
another genus and the original name will then be valid.
[Misgurnus arenae Lin, 1934b: 227, figs. 5–6 (type locality: China: Guang-
dong: Hwei-yang County: shallow stream near Western Lake; holotype:
FESC M 10)].
Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage, 1878)
Misgurnus laoensis Sauvage, 1878b: 241 (type locality: Laos
[apparently erroneous; possibly Vietnam; Freyhof & Se-
rov, 2000b: 206]; holotype: MNHN A.840, Kottelat,
1984a: 809, fig. 5)
? Cobitis longitaeniatus Ngo, 2008: 66, fig. 1 (type locality:
Vietnam: Quang Binh Province: Bo Trach District, Phong
Nha, Son Trach, 17°30'N 106°15'E; holotype: NCNTTSI;
also spelt longitaenia p. 67, an obvious inadvertent error,
thus incorrect original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1])
? Cobitis phongnhaensis Ngo, 2008: 68, fig. 3 (type locali-
ty: Vietnam: Quang Binh Province: Bo Trach District:
Phong Nha, Son Trach, Khe Mon, 17°30'N 106°15'E;
holotype: NCNTTSI)
Cobitis microcephala Chen & Chen, 2011
Cobitis microcephala Chen & Chen, 2011: 147, fig. 2 (type
locality: China: Guangxi: Bobai County: Nanliu River
drainage, 22°28'N 109°95'E; holotype: IHB 0605135)
Cobitis multimaculata Chen & Chen, 2011
Cobitis multimaculata Chen & Chen, 2011: 145, fig. 2 (type
locality: China: Guangxi: Bobai County: Nanliu River
drainage, 22°28'N 109°95'E; holotype: IHB 75v3203; an
obvious adjective but declared to be 'used as a noun' in
the original description, therefore indeclinable)
Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874
Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 16
(type locality: China: brooks of western Sichuan [proba-
bly Pingwu County: Long'an; on Fu Jiang river, Jialing
Jiang system, Yangtze drainage; 32°24'31"N
104°31'36"E; Kottelat, 2012b: 28]; syntypes: MNHN
6779 [4], Son & Kim, 2002: 241, fig. 1a, Bertin & Es-
tève, 1948: 92)
Taxonomic notes. Identification of material from northern
Vietham (Kottelat, 2001a: fig. 96) with material from China
seems doubtful (see also Son & Kim, 2002). Cobitis doli-
chorhynchus, sometimes considered to be a synonym of
C. sinensis, is treated as valid following Kim et al. (1999:
377), Son & He (2005: 238) and Kottelat (2012d: 25).
[Cobitis dolichorhynchus Nichols, 1918: 16 (type locality: China: Fukien
[Fujian]: Futsing; holotype: AMNH 7026)].
Cobitis ylengensis Ngo, 2003
Cobitis ylengensis Ngo, 2003: 18, fig. 2 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Quang Binh Province: Minh Hoa district: Dan Hoa
village: Bai Dinh; holotype: NCNTTSI)
? Cobitis squataeniatus Ngo, 2008: 67, fig. 2 (type locality:
Vietnam: Quang Binh Province: Minh Hoa District, Dan
Hoa, Quy Dat; holotype: NCNTTSI)
Taxonomic notes. Figure 2 in the description of C. ylengen-
sis is distorted and shows the fish more slender than described
in the text.
Kottelatlimia Nalbant, 1994
Kottelatlimia Nalbant, 1994: 377 (type species: Lepidoce-
phalichthys katik Kottelat & Lim, 1992: 212, by original
designation). Gender feminine.
Kottelatlimia hipporhynchos Kottelat & Tan, 2008
Kottelatlimia hipporhynchos Kottelat & Tan, 2008b: 64, fig. 1
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
179
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah:
Kahayan drainage, blackwater stream at km 80 on road
from Palangka Raya to Tumbang Telakian (35 km after
turn-off at km 45 on road from Palangka Raya to Kason-
gan); 1°37.324'S 113°37.569'E; holotype: MZB 10977)
Kottelatlimia katik (Kottelat & Lim, 1992)
Lepidocephalichthys katik Kottelat & Lim, 1992: 212, fig. 6
(type locality: Malaysia; holotype: ZRC 9344)
Kottelatlimia pristes (Roberts, 1989)
Lepidocephalichthys pristes Roberts, 1989: 105, fig. 80 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: 30 km
west of Sintang on road from Sanggau to Sintang, 0°00'N
111°14'E; holotype: MZB 3527)
Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863
Cobitichthys Bleeker, 1858i: 304 (type species: Cobitis bar-
batuloides Bleeker, 1851p: 435, by monotypy; declared
a nomen oblitum under Code art. 23.9.2 by Kottelat &
Tan, 2008b: 70). Gender masculine.
Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863i: 38 (type species: Co-
bitis hasselti Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1846: 74, by original designation; also in Bleeker, 1863m:
4, pl. 103; declared a nomen protectum under Code art.
23.9.2 by Kottelat & Tan, 2008b: 70). Gender masculine.
Platacanthus Day, 1865b: 296 (type species: Platacanthus
agrensis Day, 1865b: 296, by monotypy; junior homonym
of Platacanthus Fischer von Waldheim, 1849: 80, in fos-
sil fishes; also in Day, 1865c: 204). Gender masculine.
Jerdonia Day, 1871c: 700 (type species: Platacanthus ma-
culatus Day, 1868a: 941, by monotypy; junior homonym
of Jerdonia Blanford & Blanford, 1862: 348, in Mol-
lusca). Gender feminine.
Enobarbus Whitley, 1928b: 296 (replacement name for Jer-
donia Day, 1871c: 700; not a junior homonym of Aeno-
barbus Agassiz, 1842: 2, in Aves). Gender masculine.
Enobarbichthys Whitley, 1931a: 107 (unnecessary replace-
ment name for Enobarbus Whitley, 1928b: 296). Gender
masculine.
Madrasia Nalbant, 1963: 364 (unnecessary replacement
name for Jerdonia Day, 1871c: 700). Gender feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. Whitley (1931: 107) proposed
Enobarbichthys as a replacement name for Enobarbus which
he considered to be preoccupied by "Aenobarbus Temminck,
1835". Aenobarbus Temminck" in fact is Aenobarbus Agas-
siz, 1842: 2, in Aves (see discussion in Kottelat, 2012d: 32).
See Harant & Bohlen (2010) for identity of Platacanthus
maculatus, type species of Enobarbus.
Lepidocephalichthys alkaia Havird & Page, 2010
Lepidocephalichthys alkaia Havird & Page, 2010: 140, fig. 4
(type locality: Myanmar: Kachin State: Hpa-Lap stream,
of Nam Chim Chaung, of Nan Kwe Chaung, northwest
of Myitkyina, 25°31'36"N 97°22'45"E; holotype: USNM
372169)
Lepidocephalichthys barbatuloides (Bleeker, 1851)
Cobitis barbatuloïdes Bleeker, 1851p: 435 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; holotype:
RMNH 4960, Alfred, 1961a: 33)
Taxonomic notes. Tentatively recognised as valid (Kottelat
& Tan, 2008b: 70). Not observed since original description.
Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth, 1860)
Acanthopis Berdmorei Blyth, 1860b: 168 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Tenasserim provinces; holotype: ZSI/F 2646/1, Kot-
telat & Lim, 1992: 205 [contra statement in Eschmeyer,
2010, a single locality is mentioned in original descrip-
tion and there is no reason to conclude to the existence of
syntypes])
Lepidocephalus cataractus Fowler, 1939b: 60, fig. 10 (type
locality: Thailand: waterfall at Trang; holotype: ANSP
68470)
Lepidocephalus guntea birmanicus Rendahl, 1948: 64, fig. 30
(original description; type locality: Myanmar: Shweli
Kyaung, 24 miles East of 24°N 96°E; holotype: NRM
20829)
? Acanthophthalmus longipinnis Menon, 1992: 93, fig. 10
(type locality: India: Manipur: Kharungpat Lake, 20 km
south of Imphal; holotype: ZSI/SRS 3371)
Lepidocephalichthys furcatus (de Beaufort, 1933)
Lepidocephalus furcatus de Beaufort, 1933: 32 (type locali-
ty: Malaysia: Perak: Bukit Merah Reservoir; syntypes [6]:
ZRC 1445 [3], ZMA 100.979 [1], BMNH 1969.11.13.1
[1], Kottelat & Lim, 1992: 207, Nijssen et al., 1993: 214,
Eschmeyer, 2010)
Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822)
Cobitis guntea Hamilton, 1822: 353, 394 (type locality: Ben-
gal [Goalpara; Hora, 1935: 49]; types: NT; Hamilton's
unpublished figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 51
fig. 3)
Cobitis balgara Hamilton, 1822: 356, 394 (type locality:
India: Kosi River [at Nathpur, near the Nepal frontier;
Hora, 1935a: 49]; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished fig-
ure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 53 fig. 2; simul-
taneous subjective synonym of Cobitis guntea Hamilton,
1822: 353, first reviser [Day, 1878: 609] gave precedence
to C. guntea)
Cobitis Maya Sykes, 1839a: 162 (type locality: India: Dec-
can [Mola Mola River at Poona; Sykes, 1841: 367 [Pune,
18°28'N 73°48'E]]; syntypes: LU; also in Sykes, 1839b:
59, 1841: 367)
Canthophrys vittatus Swainson, 1839: 310 (available by in-
dication to Hamilton, 1822 "Cob. No. 4" [p. 353, Cobitis
guntea]; type locality: Bengal [Goalpara; Hora, 1935: 49];
types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in
M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 51 fig. 3)
Cantophrys olivaceus Swainson, 1839: 310 (available by
indication to Hamilton, 1822 "Cob. No. 8" [p. 356, Cobi-
tis balgara]; type locality: India: Kosi River [at Nathpur,
near the Nepal frontier; Hora, 1935: 49]; types: NT;
Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in M'Clelland,
1839: pl. 53 fig. 2)
? Cobitis guttata M'Clelland, 1839: 305, 438, pl. 52 figs. 5–
6 (type locality: India: tanks in vicinity of Joorhath; syn-
types: SMF 409 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010 [as holotype])
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
180
Cobitis phoxocheila M'Clelland, 1839: 305, 439, pl. 52 fig. 4
(type locality: India: Arunachal Pradesh: Mishmee
moutains; syntypes: ZSI [2])
? Schistura aculeata M'Clelland, 1839: 307 (type locality:
India: Assam; types: LU)
Misgurnus lateralis Günther, 1868a: 346 (type locality: In-
dia: Bengal; holotype: BMNH 1858.8.15.49, Eschmey-
er, 2010)
Lepidocephalus dibruensis Sen, 1979: 35, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: India: Assam: Dibru River, Guijan, 60 km from Di-
brugarh; holotype: ZSI FF 1203)
Lepidoce-phalichthys nepalensis Shrestha, 1978: 37 (nomen
nudum)
Lepidocephalichthys nepalensis Shrestha, 1981: 129, fig. 63
(type locality: Nepal: Biratnagar: Singhia River; holo-
type: TUK)
Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1846)
Cobitis Octocirrhus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt,
1823c: 133, 1824b: 376 (nomen nudum, see Kottelat,
1987a: 371)
Cobitis hasselti Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1846: 74 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Tjelankakan
River [Tjelankahan; Kottelat & Lim, 1992: 210]; holo-
type: LU; based on a drawing sent by Kuhl and van Has-
selt [reproduced in Roberts, 1993b: fig. 27])
Lepidocephalichthys nudus Machan, 1931: 221 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Java: Kalen reservoir near Surabaya; syn
ty-
pes: NMW 16151–16156 [6], Kottelat & Lim, 1992: 211)
Lepidocephalus taeniatus Fowler, 1939b: 63, figs. 11–12
(type locality: Thailand: waterfall at Trang; holotype:
ANSP 68486)
Acanthophthalmus unistriatus Roberts, 1993b: 25 (not avail-
able, name listed in synonymy)
Lepidocephalichthys kranos Havird & Page, 2010
Lepidocephalichthys kranos Havird & Page, 2010: 149, fig. 8
(type locality: Thailand: Ubon Ratchathani: Mun River
(tributary of Mekong River), marsh near University Ubon
Ratchathani campus, 15°10'45.84"N 104°45'44.76"E;
holotype: UF 171980)
Lepidocephalichthys lorentzi (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)
Acanthophthalmus lorentzi Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 32,
fig. 12 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan
Barat: Upper Kapuas [at Putussibau; Roberts, 1989: 104];
holotype: ZMA 103.259, Nijssen et al., 1993: 213)
Lepidocephalichthys micropogon (Blyth, 1860)
Acanthopis micropogon Blyth, 1860b: 168 (type locality:
Burma: Tenasserim provinces; types: lost, Kottelat & Lim,
1992: 209)
Lepidocephalichthys manipurensis Arunkumar, 2000b: 1097,
fig. 4 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin drainage:
Chandel District: Lairok Maru, tributary of Lokchao River
near Moreh; holotype: MUMF2250/1A)
Taxonomic notes. The figure of the mouth of L. manipuren-
sis in the original description (Arunkumar, 2000b: 1099,
fig. 5a) is a crude copy of the drawing of the mouth of Kotte-
latlimia katik in Kottelat & Lim (1992: 213, fig. 7c). The
figure of the pectoral fin (fig. 3d) is based on that of K. katik
in Kottelat & Lim (1992: fig. 7) in which the serrae have
been removed, a second simple ray has been added (unlikely
in Cobitidae and contradicting the text) and a structure add-
ed on branched ray 5 (not 6–7 as in text, and in all other
species of the genus).
Lepidocephalichthys tomaculum Kottelat & Lim, 1992
Lepidocephalichthys tomaculum Kottelat & Lim, 1992: 216,
fig. 9 (type locality: Malaysia: Selangor: Sungai Bernam
basin: North Selangor peat swamp forest, stream at
34-km mark on road from Sungai Besar to Tanjong
Malim; approx. 3°40'N 101°20'E; holotype: ZRC 14938)
Lepidocephalichthys zeppelini Havird & Tangjitjaroen, in
Havird, Page, Tangjitjaroen, Vidthayanon, Grudpan
& Udduang, 2010
Lepidocephalichthys zeppelini Havird & Tangjitjaroen, in
Havird, Page, Tangjitjaroen, Vidthayanon, Grudpan &
Udduang, 2010: 6, fig. 1 (type locality: Thailand: Ubon
Ratchathani Province: Mun River (Mekong drainage),
isolated pools in rice field, Ubon Rajathani University
campus, 15°08'03.18"N 104°55'27.78"E; holotype: UF
174131)
Lepidocephalus Bleeker, 1858
Lepidocephalus Bleeker, 1858i: 303 (type species: Cobitis
macrochir Bleeker, 1854v: 97, by subsequent designa-
tion by Bleeker, 1863i: 38, 1863m: 4). Gender mascu-
line.
Lepidocephalus macrochir (Bleeker, 1854)
Cobitis macrochir Bleeker, 1854v: 97 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Palembang: confluence of Lamatang
[Lematang] and Enim Rivers / Central Java: Surakarta,
Pepeh River; syntypes [5, 64–91 mm TL]: RMNH,
BMNH 1866.5.2.55 [1], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Lepidocephalichthys pallens Vaillant, 1902: 153, fig. 47 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas
River, possibly at Sintang; holotype: RMNH 7783, Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Acanthophthalmus pahangensis de Beaufort, 1933: 31 (type
locality: Malaysia: 'fish-drive' off Mentakab, Pahang Riv-
er, 0°04.5'N 111°28'E; holotype: ZRC 490, Alfred, 1970:
70)
Lepidocephalus spectrum Roberts, 1989
Lepidocephalus spectrum Roberts, 1989: 106, fig. 81 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungai
Melawi near confluence with Kapuas, about 0.5 km up-
stream from Sintang; holotype: MZB 3533)
Microcobitis Bohlen & Harant, 2011
Microcobitis Bohlen & Harant, 2011: 296 (type species:
Cobitis misgurnoides Rendahl, 1944: 21, by original des-
ignation). Gender feminine.
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181
Microcobitis misgurnoides (Rendahl, 1944)
Cobitis misgurnoides Rendahl, 1944: 21, fig. 10 (type local-
ity: Vietnam: Annam: Thua Luu, 50 km south-east of Hué;
holotype: NHMG)
? Cobitis nuicocensis Nguyen & Vo, in Nguyen [V. H.],
2005a: 560, fig. 9 (type locality: Vietnam: Thai Nguyen
Province: Dai Tu district: Cong River, flowing to Nui
Coc lake; holotype: NCNTTSI)
Misgurnus La Cepède, 1803
Misgurnus La Cepède, 1803: 16 (type species: Cobitis fossilis
Linnaeus, 1758: 303, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Ussuria Nikolski, 1904: 362 (type species: Ussuria leptoce-
phala Nikolski, 1904: 362, by monotypy). Gender femi-
nine.
Mesomisgurnus Fang, 1935b: 129 (type species: Nemachei-
lus bipartitus Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 16,
by original designation). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Several chromosome and molecular stud-
ies (e.g. Šlechtová et al., 2008; Kitagawa et al., 2011; Per-
dices et al., 2012) show that the genus Misgurnus is poly-
phyletic.
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842)
Cobitis anguillicaudata Cantor, 1842: 485 (type locality:
China: Chusan Island [Zhoushan Dao]; syntypes: BMNH
2007.9.17.2 [1], 2007.9.17.3–10 [8], Günther, 1868a: 345)
Cobitis bifurcata M'Clelland, 1844c: 400, pl. 23 fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Chusan Island [Zhoushan Dao]; types: LU)
Cobitis pectoralis M'Clelland, 1844c: 400, pl. 23 fig. 3 (type
locality: China: Chusan Island [Zhoushan Dao]; types: LU)
Cobitis psammismus Richardson, 1846a: 300 (type locality:
China: Canton; holotype: specimen on which is based
Reeves unpublished drawing, reproduced in Whitehead,
1970a: 210, pl. 19 fig. a)
Cobitis haematopterus Richardson, 1846a: 301 (type locali-
ty: Japan; holotype: ? BMNH)
Cobitis rubripinnis Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 220, pl. 103
fig. 1 (type locality: Japan: surroundings of Nagasaki; lec-
totype: RMNH 2705b, designated by Boeseman, 1947: 166)
Cobitis maculata Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 221, pl. 103
fig. 2 (type locality: Japan [surroundings of Nagasaki];
holotype: ? RMNH 2705f, Boeseman, 1947: 166 [Boese-
man commented that the specimen on the plate is not the
specimen described in the text and that RMNH 2705f is
very similar to the plate; if the plate appeared before the
text and if the plate is really based on this specimen, it is
the holotype; if the text and plate appeared together, it is
possibly a syntype])
Cobitis micropus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1846: 29 (type locality; China; holotype: MNHN 5688,
Bertin & Estève, 1948: 95)
Cobitis decemcirrosus Basilewsky, 1855: 239, pl. 7 fig. 2 (type
locality: China: stagnant waters near Beijing; types: ? ZISP)
Cobitichthys enalios Bleeker, 1859l: 259 (nomen nudum)
Cobitichthys dichachrous Bleeker, 1859l: 259 (nomen nudum)
Cobitichthys polynema Bleeker, 1859l: 259 (nomen nudum)
Cobitichthys enalios Bleeker, 1860i: 88, pl. 2 fig. 4 (type
locality: Japan: Kaminoseki; holotype: BMNH
1862.5.2.26 [1], Günther, 1868a: 346)
Cobitichthys dichachrous Bleeker, 1860i: 89, pl. 2 fig. 2 (type
locality: Japan: Jedo [Tokyo]; holotype: BMNH
1866.5.2.96 [1], Günther, 1868a: 347)
Cobitichthys polynema Bleeker, 1860i: 90, pl. 2 fig. 3 (type
locality: Japan: Jedo [Tokyo]; holotype: BMNH
1866.5.2.24, Günther, 1868a: 346)
Cobitis erythropterus Günther, 1868a: 345 (not available,
name listed in synonymy [name on museum label])
? Misgurnus maculatus Bleeker, 1872: 146 (nomen nudum;
locality: China)
Cobitis He-tsieou Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, pl. 49 fig. 1
(name not binominal, not available; locality: Central China)
? Cobitis cirrhifurcata Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, pl. 49
fig. 2 (type locality: China: lakes of the inner of China,
Yang-tsee-kiang [Yangtze]; holotype: NT)
Cobitis ny-tsieou Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 191, pl. 49 fig. 3
(name not binominal, not available; locality: China: Yang-
tsee-kiang, lakes and ponds of China)
Nemachilus lividus Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874:
15 (type locality: China; syntypes: MNHN 5237 [2], Fang,
1935b: 139, fig. 9, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 95)
Misgurnus crossochilus Sauvage, 1878e: 89 (type locality:
China: Fujian: high mountains of Koaten [Kuatun,
27°51'N 117°48'E; Kottelat, 2012d: 35]; syntypes:
MNHN 9822 [4], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 95)
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus tungting Nichols, 1925b: 3 (type
locality: China: Hunan: Huping, Tungting Lake; holo-
type: AMNH 8393)
Misgurnus mizolepis fukien Nichols, 1925b: 4 (type locali-
ty: China: Fukien [Fujian]: Yenping [Yanping]; holotype:
AMNH 8394)
Misgurnus mizolepis hainan Nichols & Pope, in Nichols,
1925b: 4 (type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype:
AMNH 8363; also in Nichols & Pope, 1927: 337, fig. 9,
pl. 16 fig. 1)
Misqurnus mizolepis grangeri Nichols, 1925b: 5 (type lo-
cality: China: Sichuan: Yen-ching-kao; holotype: AMNH
8395)
Misgurnus mohoity yunnan Nichols, 1925b: 5 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: Yunnanfu [Kunming]; holotype: AMNH
8396)
Misgurnus mohoity leopardus Nichols, 1925b: 6 (type lo-
cality: China: Hunan: Tungting Lake; holotype: AMNH
8397)
Misgurnus punctatus Oshima, 1926: 5 (type locality: China:
Hainan: Kachek River near Kachek; holotype: LU)
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus formosanus Rendahl, 1936: 302
(type locality: Taiwan: Lake Candidius [Rìyuètán; Sun-
Moon Lake; 23°52'N 120°55'E]; holotype: NRM 10354)
Misgurnus mizolepis heungchow Lin, 1932a: 66 (type local-
ity: China: Guangdong: Heungchow; syntypes: LU)
Misgurnus mizolepis unicolor Lin, 1932a: 66 (type locality:
China: Guangdong: east Fisheries Experiment Station
Canton; holotype: LU)
Misgurnus elongatus Kimura, 1934: 158, pl. 5 fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Shanghai; holotype: LU)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy largely follows Chen (1981)
but needs re-evaluation. Chromosome and genetic data (e.g.
Yu et al., 1989: 160; Dong et al., 1999; Shimizu & Takagi,
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
182
2010; Kitagawa et al., 2011; Perdices et al., 2012) suggest
that several species are confused under the name M. anguil-
licaudatus.
Misgurnus multimaculatus Rendahl, 1944
Misgurnus mizolepis multimaculatus Rendahl, 1944: 13,
fig. 6 (type locality: Vietnam: Annam: Thua Luu, 50 km
south-east of Hué; holotype: NHMG)
Misgurnus tonkinensis Rendahl, 1937
Misgurnus mizolepis tonkinensis Rendahl, 1937: 2, fig. 1
(type locality: Vietnam: Tonkin: Hanoi; holotype: NRM
10653)
Pangio Blyth, 1860
Acanthophthalmus Bleeker, 1858i: 304 (incorrect subsequent
spelling of Acantophthalmus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132;
not a junior homonym of Acanthophthalmus van Has-
selt, 1824b: 376 as this is also an incorrect subsequent
spelling of Acantophthalmus van Hasselt, 1823c: 132 and
on Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names
in Zoology, ICZN, 1992b: 248 [Opinion 1695]).
Pangio Blyth, 1860b: 169 (type species: Cobitis cinnamomea
M'Clelland, 1839: 304, by monotypy). Gender feminine
[Code art. 30.2.3].
Apua Blyth, 1860b: 169 (type species: Apua fusca Blyth,
1860b: 169, by monotypy; simultaneous subjective syn-
onym of Pangio Blyth, 1860b: 169, first reviser [Kottelat,
1987a: 371] gave precedence to Pangio). Gender feminine.
Eucirrhichthys Perugia, 1892: 1009 (type species: Eucir-
rhichthys doriae Perugia, 1892: 1009, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Cobitophis Myers, 1927: 4 (type species: Acanthophthalmus
anguillaris Vaillant, 1902: 151, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Pangio agma (Burridge, 1992)
? Acanthophthalmus borneensis Boulenger, 1894a: 251 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River; syn-
types: BMNH 1889.7.31.14 [1], MNHN 1894.18 [1],
Bertin & Estève, 1948: 91, Eschmeyer, 2010, Kottelat et
al., 1993: pl. 29)
Acanthophthalmus agmus Burridge, 1992: 180, fig. 6 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Fourth Division:
Sungai Lawa, 1 km upstream of confluence with Baram
River; holotype: ROM 58726)
Pangio alcoides Kottelat & Lim, 1993
Pangio alcoides Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 208, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: Terengganu: Rantau Abang, stream at
154-km stone on road from Kuala Terengganu to Kuan-
tan; holotype: ZRC 17209)
Pangio alternans Kottelat & Lim, 1993
Pangio alternans Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 210, fig. 3 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Mahakam
River basin: blackwater stream entering Mahakam River
on northern side near Mujub; 0°01'S 115°43'E; holotype:
MZB 5895)
Pangio anguillaris (Vaillant, 1902)
Acanthophthalmus anguillaris Vaillant, 1902: 151, fig. 46
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat:
Kapuas River, possibly at Sintang; holotype: RMNH
7788, Eschmeyer, 2010 [a single specimen implied
p. 153])
Acanthophthalmus vermicularis Weber & de Beaufort, 1916:
34 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Kampar Kiri Riv-
er; holotype: ZMA 100.260, Nijssen et al., 1982: 26)
Cobitophis perakensis Herre, 1940a: 8, pl. 2 (type locality:
Malaysia: Perak: lake above Chenderoh Dam; holotype:
CAS-SU 33004, Böhlke, 1953: 39)
Taxonomic notes. Several species are confused under this
name. See also molecular data in Bohlen et al. (2011).
Pangio atactos Tan & Kottelat, 2009
Pangio atactos Tan & Kottelat, 2009: 57, fig. 42 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi: Danau Kamining near
Kampung Trasos, about 5 km southwards on unpaved
road turning-off from Muara Bungo–Muara Tebo road at
km 36; holotype: MZB 10995)
Pangio bitaimac Tan & Kottelat, 2009
Pangio bitaimac Tan & Kottelat, 2009: 59, fig. 43 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi: Sungai Alai; holotype:
MZB 10997)
Pangio cuneovirgata (Raut, 1957)
Acanthophthalmus cuneovirgatus Raut, 1957: 30, figs. (type
locality: unknown, possibly "Jahore/Hinterindien" [Ma-
laysia: Johor]; holotype: ZMB 21332)
Pangio doriae (Perugia, 1892)
Eucirrhichthys doriae Perugia, 1892: 1009 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak; syntypes: MCSNG 9231 [4],
ZMA 114.898 [1], Tortonese, 1961: 188, Nijssen et al.,
1982: 28)
Pangio elongata Britz & Maclaine, 2007
Pangio elongata Britz & Maclaine, 2007: 18, fig. 1 (type
locality: Myanmar: Tenasserim: mouth of Mingaw Kloh
[Min Ngaw Chaung, stream entering Tenasserim River
at 13°25'N 99°01'E]; holotype: BMNH 1992.11.16.13)
Pangio filinaris Kottelat & Lim, 1993
Pangio filinaris Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 219, fig. 9 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: Terengganu: Sungai Tersat, a tributary
of Sungai Terengganu, immediately downriver of Sek-
ayu Waterfall Park, 4°57'51"N 102°57'45"E; holotype:
ZRC 34915)
Pangio fusca (Blyth, 1860)
Apua fusca Blyth, 1860b: 169 (type locality: Burma: Tenas-
serim; syntypes [3]: ZSI F 2647/1 [2], ? AMS B.7500
[1], Hora, 1921d: 32, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 120, Esch-
meyer, 2010)
Pangio incognito Kottelat & Lim, 1993
Pangio incognito Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 221, fig. 11 (type
locality: Borneo: Sarawak: km 42 on road from Lindu to
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
183
Kuching, west of Sungei Stinggang; holotype: ZRC
34913)
Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1846)
Acantophthalmus fasciatus van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (nomen
nudum, Kottelat, 1987a: 371)
Acanthophthalmus fasciatus van Hasselt, 1824b: 377 (no-
men nudum)
Cobitis kuhlii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:
77 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Krawang [original type
locality: Indonesia: Java: surroundings of Batavia [Jakar-
ta]]; neotype: RMNH 2688, designated by Burridge, 1992:
182 [holotype listed by Bertin & Estève, 1948: 91, Esch-
meyer, 2010, has no type status, see Burridge, 1992: 181])
Acanthophthalmus fasciatus Bleeker, 1860j: 74 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Java: Krawang [original type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta], Buitenzorg [Bogor],
Penawangan / Sumatra: Lahat]; neotype: RMNH 2688,
designated by Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 224; objective jun-
ior synonym of Cobitis kuhlii Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1846: 77)
Pangio lidi Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009
Pangio lidi Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009b: 65, figs. 1–2 (type
locality: Indonesia: Kalimantan Timur: Mahakam River
drainage, Ulu Belayan, Sungai Petung Kanan (0°32'06"N
116°10'55"E); holotype: MZB 16528)
Pangio longimanus Britz & Kottelat, 2010
Pangio longimanus Britz & Kottelat, 2010: 373, fig. 1 (type
locality: Laos: Vientiane Province: confluence of Nam
Leuk and Nam Gnong, 18°22'04"N 103°05'27"E; holo-
type: ZRC 51933; proposed as compound noun in appo-
sition, indeclinable)
Pangio lumbriciformis Britz & Maclaine, 2007
Pangio lumbriciformis Britz & Maclaine, 2007: 22, fig. 4
(type locality: Myanmar: Irrawaddy basin: Nan Kwe
stream [near Myitkyna]; holotype: BMNH 2006.9.29.6)
Pangio malayana (Tweedie, 1956)
Acanthophthalmus kuhlii malayanus Tweedie, 1956: 58,
pl. 6a (type locality: Malaysia: Pahang: Kuala Tahan; ho-
lotype: BMNH 1957.1.23.1)
Pangio mariarum (Inger & Chin, 1962)
Acanthopthalmus mariae Inger & Chin, 1962: 118, fig. 56
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kinabatangan
District: small tributary of Kinabatangan River at Dera-
makot; holotype: FMNH 68161; incorrect original spell-
ing, must be emended to mariarum [Code art. 31.1.2],
Kottelat, 1989: 13; Kottelat, 2012d: 39)
Pangio muraeniformis (de Beaufort, 1933)
Acanthophthalmus muraeniformis de Beaufort, 1933: 32
(type locality: Singapore: Thomson Road; syntypes: ZRC
1052 [2], ZMA 103.185 [3], CAS-SU 32602 [1], Nijssen
et al., 1993: 213, Böhlke, 1953: 39)
Pangio myersi (Harry, 1949)
Acanthophthalmus myersi Harry, 1949: 69 (type locality:
Southeastern Thailand: Nong Khor; holotype: USNM
103300)
Pangio oblonga (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1846)
Acantophthalmus Javanicus van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (no-
men nudum, Kottelat, 1987a: 371)
Acanthophthalmus javanicus van Hasselt, 1824b: 377 (no-
men nudum)
Cobitis oblonga Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1846: 76 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Bogor [original
type locality: Indonesia: Java: surroundings of Buiten-
zorg [Bogor]]; neotype: ZRC 35047, designated by Kot-
telat & Lim, 1993: 234 [RMNH 2710 listed as possible
syntypes by Eschmeyer, 2010 cannot be syntype as Va-
lenciennes based his description on a drawing of a single
specimen])
Acanthophthalmus javanicus Bleeker, 1860j: 75 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Java: Bogor [original type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Buitenzorg [Bogor], Tjampea / Sumatra:
Lahat]; neotype: ZRC 35047, designated by Kottelat &
Lim, 1993: 235 [RMNH 7061 listed by Eschmeyer, 2010
are not syntypes; a lectotype designation by Kottelat &
Lim, 1993: 235 made them paralectotype if they were
syntypes; the lectotype is lost and a neotype was desig-
nated]; junior objective synonym of Cobitis oblonga Va-
lenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 76)
Taxonomic notes. Several species are confused under this
name. See also molecular data in Bohlen et al. (2011).
Pangio pangia (Hamilton, 1822)
Cobitis pangia Hamilton, 1822: 355, 394 (type locality: In-
dia: "north-eastern parts of Bengal" [Goalpara; Hora,
1935: 49]; types: NT; on Official List of Specific Names
in Zoology, ICZN 1992b: 248 [Opinion 1695]; Hamil-
ton's unpublished figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839:
pl. 51 fig. 5, Britz & Maclaine, 2007: 25, fig. 6)
Cobitis cinnamomea M'Clelland, 1839: 304, 435, pl. 51 fig. 5
(unnecessary replacement name for Cobitis pangia Hamil-
ton, 1822: 335)
Canthophrys rubiginosus Swainson, 1839: 310 (available by
indication to Hamilton, 1822: "Cob. No. 6" [which is
Cobitis pangia]; type locality: India: "north-eastern parts
of Bengal" [Goalpara; Hora, 1935: 49]; types: NT; Hamil-
ton's unpublished figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839:
pl. 51 fig. 5)
Taxonomic notes. At least two species are confused under
this name. See also molecular data in Bohlen et al. (2011).
Pangio piperata Kottelat & Lim, 1993
Pangio piperata Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 236, fig. 20 (type
locality: Malaysia: Terengganu: stream at about km 6 on
road from Kuala Brang to Kuala Terengganu, 6°04'25"N
103°03'20"E; holotype: ZRC 35003)
Taxonomic notes. At least two species are confused under
this name. See also molecular data in Bohlen et al. (2011).
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
184
Family ELLOPOSTOMATIDAE
Ellopostoma megalomycter (Vaillant, 1902)
Aperioptus megalomycter Vaillant, 1902: 145, figs. 42–45
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat:
Kapuas River; lectotype: RMNH 7777, designated by
Roberts, 1972: 3, fig. 1)
Ellopostoma mystax Tan & Lim, 2002
Ellopostoma mystax Tan & Lim, 2002: 454, fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Surat Thani Province: Tapi drainage:
Khlong Sok on highway 410, 5 km west of Phanom; ho-
lotype: CAS 96698)
Ellopostomatidae Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2009
Ellopostomatinae Nalbant, 2002: pl. 7 (not available, no ex-
plicitly indicated as intentionally new, Code art. 16.1, no
type genus cited, art. 16.2)
Ellopostomatidae Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2009 [Aug.]: 161
(type genus: Ellopostoma Vaillant, 1902: 145).
Ellopostomatidae Chen, Lheknim & Mayden, 2009 [Dec.]:
2204 (type genus: Ellopostoma Vaillant, 1902: 145; jun-
ior homonym of Ellopostomatidae Bohlen & Šlechtová,
2009: 161)
Ellopostoma Vaillant, 1902
Ellopostoma Vaillant, 1902: 145 (type species: Aperioptus
megalomycter Vaillant, 1902: 145, by monotypy). Gen-
der neuter.
Pangio pulla Kottelat & Lim, 1993
Pangio pulla Kottelat & Lim, 1993: 238, fig. 21 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Kalimantan Tengah: heath forest north-
west of Palankaraya; blackwater stream, 28–29 km on
road to Tangkiling; tributary of Sungei Rungan, Sungei
Kahajan drainage; holotype: ZRC 35022)
Pangio robiginosa (Raut, 1957)
Acanthophthalmus robiginosus Raut, 1957: 31, figs. (type
locality: Indonesia: Java: stream Tjipaja-en and tributar-
ies near Rangkas-Betong village, Bantean area; holotype:
ZMB 21334)
Pangio semicincta (Fraser-Brunner, 1940)
Acanthophthalmus semicinctus Fraser-Brunner, 1940: 172,
fig. 3 (type locality: Malaysia: Johor: Mawai district;
holotype: BMNH 1938.12.1.113)
Acanthophthalmus kuhlii sumatranus Fraser-Brunner, 1940:
175, fig. 4B (type locality: Sumatra: Palembang Prov-
ince: Lahat; holotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.41; simultaneous
subjective synonym of Acanthophthalmus semicinctus
Fraser-Brunner, 1940: 172, first revisers [Tan & Kotte-
lat, 2009: 61] gave precedence to A. semicinctus)
Taxonomic notes. Several species are confused under this
name. See also molecular data in Bohlen et al. (2011).
Pangio shelfordii (Popta, 1903)
Acanthophthalmus shelfordii Popta, 1903: 231, fig. (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Sarawak River near
Kuching; holotype: RMNH 7661)
Taxonomic notes. Several species are confused under this
name. See also molecular data in Bohlen et al. (2011).
Pangio signicauda Britz & Maclaine, 2007
Pangio signicauda Britz & Maclaine, 2007: 26, fig. 7 (type
locality: Myanmar: Irrawaddy basin: Nanmate stream,
25°23'03"N 97°00'38"E, between Myitkina and Hopin;
holotype: USNM 378386)
Pangio superba (Roberts, 1989)
Acantopthalmus superbus Roberts, 1989: 98, fig. 74 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: forest
stream about 1 km up Sungai Tajan from Tajan, 87 km
east of Pontianak, 0°02'S 110°07'E; holotype: MZB 3499)
Theriodes Kottelat, 2011
Theriodes Kottelat, 2012d: 137 (type species: Acanthoph-
thalmus sandakanensis Inger & Chin, 1962: 120, by orig-
inal designation). Gender masculine.
Theriodes sandakanensis (Inger & Chin, 1962)
Acanthophthalmus sandakanensis Inger & Chin, 1962: 120,
fig. 54E (type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Sanda-
kan District: Sepilok Forest Reserve; holotype: FMNH
68158)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
185
Family BARBUCCIDAE
Barbuccidae Kottelat, 2012
Barbuccidae Kottelat, 2012d: 140 (type genus: Barbucca
Roberts, 1989: 100)
Barbucca Roberts, 1989
Barbucca Roberts, 1989: 100 (type species: Barbucca dia-
bolica Roberts, 1989: 100, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Barbucca diabolica Roberts, 1989
Barbuca diabolica Roberts, 1989: 100, fig. 75 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: small forested
stream where it flows into Sungai Mandai 2–3 km up-
stream from confluence with Kapuas mainstream, 17 km
west-southwest of Putussibau, 0°47'N 112°48'E; holotype:
MZB 3536)
Barbucca elongata Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2013
Barbucca elongata Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2013: 269 [317],
fig. 1 (type locality: Vietnam: Phu Quoc Island: stream
in Cua Can River drainage, 10°19.432'N 104°02.107'E;
holotype: ZMMU P-22992)
Family BALITORIDAE
Balitoridae Swainson, 1839
Balitorinae Swainson, 1839: 190 (type genus: Balitora Gray,
1830: vol. 1, pl. 88)
Homalopteraeformes Bleeker, 1860a: 422 (type genus:
Homaloptera van Hasselt, 1823: 133)
Sinohomalopterini Chen, 1980b: 208 (type genus: Sinohoma-
loptera Fang, 1930a: 26)
Taxonomic notes. The phylogeny followed here is that of
Šlechtová et al. (2007) and Bohlen & Šlechtová (2009), but
the ranking of families, etc. follows Kottelat (2012d).
Balitora Gray, 1830
Balitora Gray, 1830: vol. 1, pl. 88 (type species: Balitora
brucei Gray, 1830: pl. 88, by subsequent designation by
Jordan, 1919a: 178). Gender feminine.
Sinohomaloptera Fang, 1930: 26 (as subgenus of Homa-
loptera van Hasselt, 1823c: 133; type species: Homa-
loptera kwangsiensis Fang, 1930: 27, by original desig-
nation). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. The validitidy of the many names created
in recent years in the Vietnamese literature cannot be evalu-
ated. The descriptions are of little use and the quality of the
illustrations of most species does not allow to their identity
even to be guessed. As most species have very restricted
range, it is expected that those from widely distant localities
might end up being valid, while the many species described
from exactly the same locality may end as a single species.
For some species, however, there are not even informative
locality data.
Balitora annamitica Kottelat, 1988
Balitora annamitica Kottelat, 1988b: 498, fig. 5 (type local-
ity: Cambodia: Boun Long [13°42'N 107°00'E], Grande
Cascade; holotype: MNHN 1993-0253)
Balitora burmanica Hora, 1932
Balitora brucei var. burmanicus Hora, 1932: 291, pl. 11 fig. 6
(type locality: Burma: Meekalan, Salween drainage; lec-
totype: MCSNG 15171, designated by Kottelat, 1988b:
491)
Balitora brucei var. melanosoma Hora, 1932: 291, pl. 10
fig. 6 (type locality: Burma: stream Megla, Thaugyin
River, on Thai-Burmese border; holotype: BMNH
1920.9.8.1; could be treated as infrasubspecific and un-
available, but use as a subspecies [e.g. Hora, 1950b: 52]
before 1985 makes it available [Code art. 45.6.4.1]; si-
multaneous subjective synonym of Balitora brucei bur-
manicus Hora, 1932: 291, first reviser [Kottelat. 1988b:
498] gave precedence to B. b. burmanica)
Nomenclatural notes. Silas (1953: 207) listed specimen ZSI
F 11034/1 as holotype of B. burmanica. As Hora (1932) had
not designated a holotype, all the specimens he examined
are syntypes (see Kottelat, 1988b: 491).
Balitora kwangsiensis (Fang, 1930)
Homaloptera Kwangsiensis Fang, 1930: 27, pl. 1 figs. 1–2
(type locality: China: Guangxi: Lin-yueng-shien; holo-
type: MMNHN 899)
Sinohomaloptera hoffmanni Herre, 1938: 429, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Hainan: Cheung Kon Ts'uen; holotype:
CAS-SU 33002, Hora, 1950b: 54])
Balitora heteroura Pan, Liu & Zheng, 1983: 105, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Guangdong: Beijiang River; holotype (?):
SCNU 8012)
? Balitora nigrocorpa Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 594, fig. 29
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
186
(type locality: Vietnam: Ha Giang Province: Lo River;
holotype: NCNTTSI; as Sinohomaloptera in key and fig-
ure caption; spelt nigrocopa p. 594 fig. 29, an inadvert-
ent error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code art.
32.5.1])
? Balitora vanlani Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 597, fig. 31 (type
locality: Vietnam: Tuyen Quang Province: Na Hang Dis-
trict: Gam River; holotype: NCNTTSI; as Sinohoma-
loptera in key and figure caption)
? Balitora haithanhi Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 599, fig. 32 (type
locality: Vietnam: Tuyen Quang Province: Na Hang Dis-
trict: Gam River; holotype: NCNTTSI; as Sinohoma-
loptera in key and figure caption)
? Hemimyzon songamensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 601,
fig. 33 (type locality: Vietnam: Tuyen Quang Province:
Na Hang District: Gam River; holotype: NCNTTSI; spelt
sorgamensis p. 302, songamensis p. 602 fig. 33, 691,
songamenis p. 601, first reviser [Kottelat, 2012d: 45] se-
lected songamensis as correct original spelling [in fact,
none of these spellings is appropriate for a name based
on Song Gam, but this cannot be corrected, Code art.
32.3])
Balitora lancangjiangensis (Zheng, 1980)
Sinohomaloptera lancangjiangensis Zheng, 1980: 110, figs.
1–2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Menghai Xian; syn-
types: IHB 78IV0565–569 [4], DBJU 78IV0432–435 [4])
? Balitora vanlongi Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 596, fig. 30 (type
locality: Vietnam: Tuyen Quang Province: Na Hang Dis-
trict: Gam River; holotype: NCNTTSI; as Sinohoma-
loptera in key and figure caption)
Balitora meridionalis Kottelat, 1988
Balitora meridionalis Kottelat, 1988b: 498, fig. 4 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Chantaburi Prov: Kao Soi Dao, Chan
River headwaters; holotype: NIFI uncat.)
? Balitora nantingensis Chen, Cui & Yang, 2005
Balitora nantingensis Chen, Cui & Yang, 2005: 22, fig. 2
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Lincang Pref.: Yongde
County: Daxueshan township: Mangjiu River
(23°58'55"N 99°41'17"E), a tributary of Nanting River
[Salween drainage]; holotype: KIZ 20026475)
Taxonomic notes. Differences between B. nantingensis and
B. burmanica (whose type locality is in the same drainage)
seem slight, especially considering the variability observed
in large series of B. burmanica from the middle Salween.
The length of the caudal peduncle seems the less ambiguous
character to distinguish the two species.
Balitoropsis Smith, 1945
Balitoropsis Smith, 1945: 278 (type species: Balitoropsis
bartschi Smith, 1945: 279, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Pseudohomaloptera Silas, 1953: 204 (type species: Homa-
loptera tatereganii Popta, 1905a: 180, by original desig-
nation). Gender feminine.
Balitoropsis batek (Tan, 2009)
Homaloptera batek Tan, 2009b: 49, figs. 1–4 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Central Kalimantan: Katingan basin,
Mendawai sub-basin, Sungei Baha'e, km 64 logging road
at buffer zone of Bukit Raya–Bukit Baka National Park,
0°47.593'S 112°19.220'E; holotype: MZB 10990)
Balitoropsis leonardi (Hora, 1941)
Homaloptera leonardi Hora, 1941: 61, pl. 5 figs. 5–6 (type
locality: Malaysia: Pahang: King George V National Park
[now Taman Negara National Park], Kuala Tahan; holo-
type: ZSI F 13213/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 118)
Taxonomic notes. Tentatively placed in Balitoropsis.
Balitoropsis ophiolepis (Bleeker, 1853)
Homaloptera ophiolepis Bleeker, 1853e: 160 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Bandong [Bandung]; lectotype: RMNH
4986, designated by Alfred, 1961a: 35)
Balitoropsis sexmaculata (Fowler, 1934)
Homaloptera sexmaculata Fowler, 1934a: 98, figs. 47–48
(type locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP
56374)
Homaloptera septemmaculata Fowler, 1934a: 99, figs. 49–
50 (type locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP
56402; simultaneous subjective synonym of Homaloptera
sexmaculata Fowler, 1934a: 98, first reviser [Hora, 1950b:
51] gave precedence to H. sexmaculata)
Balitoropsis tatereganii (Popta, 1905)
Homaloptera Tate Reganii Popta, 1905a: 180 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Bo River; holotype: RMNH 7632,
Tan, 2009b: 57, fig. 7; also in Popta, 1906: 182, pl. 10
fig. 40; must be emended in tatereganii, Code art.
32.5.2.2)
Taxonomic notes. Tentatively placed in Balitoropsis.
Balitoropsis vulgaris (Kottelat & Chu, 1988)
Homaloptera vulgaris Kottelat & Chu, 1988c: 103, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mong Han
County, 21°50'N 101°E; holotype: KIZ 788229)
Balitoropsis yunnanensis Chen, 1978
Balitoropsis yunnanensis Chen, 1978: 334, figs. 1–2 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Lancang River [Mekong] in
Yongping Xian [25°28'01"N 99°32'24"E]; holotype: IHB
60VII012)
Balitoropsis yuwonoi (Kottelat, 1998)
Homaloptera yuwonoi Kottelat, 1998b: 267, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: vicinity of
Danau Sentarum Wildlife Reserve: Sungai Hulu Leboy-
an at Keluwin; 1°08'51"N 112°15'32"E; holotype: MZB
5938)
Taxonomic notes. Tentatively placed in Balitoropsis.
Balitoropsis zollingeri (Bleeker, 1853)
Homaloptera Javanica van Hasselt, 1823c: 133, 1824b: 377
(nomen nudum, Kottelat, 1987a: 373)
Homaloptera Zollingeri Bleeker, 1853e: 159 (type locality:
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
187
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta] and Bandong [Band-
ung]; syntypes: lost, Bleeker, 1860j: 89)
Homaloptera javanica Bleeker, 1860j: 89 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Homaloptera zollingeri Bleeker,
1853e: 159)
Balitoropsis bartschi Smith, 1945: 279, fig. 56 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Trang Province: waterfall stream on Kao
Chong; holotype: USNM 107963)
Homaloptera nigra Alfred, 1969: 217, pl. 1 figs. 1–2 (type
locality: Malaysia: Pahang: King George V National Park
[now Taman Negara National Park], Chegar Sireh, Tah-
an River; holotype: ZRC 2009)
Cryptotora Kottelat, 1998
Cryptotora Kottelat, 1998b: 270 (type species: Homaloptera
thamicola Kottelat, 1988c: 288, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Cryptotora thamicola (Kottelat, 1988)
Homaloptera thamicola Kottelat, 1988c: 228, fig. 4 (type
locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Tham Susa;
19°28'N 98°08'E; holotype: AMS I.25987-001)
Hemimyzon Regan, 1911
Hemimyzon Regan, 1911a: 32 (type species: Homaloptera
formosana Boulenger, 1894a: 463, by original designa-
tion). Gender masculine.
Dienbienia Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [H. D.], 2002: 9 (type
species: Dienbienia namnuensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Ngu-
yen [H. D.], 2002: 10, by original designation). Gender
feminine.
Hemimyzon confluens Kottelat, 2000
Hemimyzon confluens Kottelat, 2000a: 51, fig. 20 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Xiangkhouang Province: Nam Ngum, rap-
ids downstream of Ban Latbouak; 19°36'28"N
103°14'23"E; holotype: ZRC 45317)
Hemimyzon ecdyonuroides Freyhof & Herder, 2002
Hemimyzon ecdyonuroides Freyhof & Herder, 2002a: 54,
figs. 1–2 (type locality: Vietnam [Mekong drainage, Se-
san system]: Kontum Province: Pako River about 50 km
north of Kontum; 14°39.60'N 107°46.98'E; holotype:
ZFMK 22136)
Hemimyzon elongatus (Chen & Li, in Li & Chen, 1985)
Balitora elongata Chen & Li, in Li & Chen, 1985: 169, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Yangbi River; holotype:
KIZ 839072)
Hemimyzon khonensis Kottelat, 2000
Hemimyzon khonensis Kottelat, 2000a: 52, fig. 21 (type local
ity:
Laos: Champasak Province: Mekong mainstream at Ban
Hang Khone, below Khone Falls; holotype: ZRC 45320)
Hemimyzon nanensis Doi & Kottelat, 1998
Hemimyzon nanensis Doi & Kottelat, 1998: 8, fig. 1 (type
locality: Thailand: Nan Province: Mae Nam Wa at Ban
Nam Wa, Mae Nam Nan system, Chao Phraya drainage;
holotype: NSMT P 36130)
Hemimyzon nujiangensis (Zhang & Zheng, in Zheng &
Zhang, 1983)
Balitora nujiangensis Zhang & Zheng, in Zheng & Zhang,
1983: 66, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Nujiang
[Salween River]: Liu-ku; holotype: IHB 81X4327)
Hemimyzon papilio Kottelat, 1998
Hemimyzon papilio Kottelat, 1998a: 61, fig. 96 (type locali-
ty: Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun, waterfall
at 18°01'40"N 104°58'54"E; holotype: ZRC 41788)
Hemimyzon pengi (Huang, in Zheng, Chen & Huang,
1982)
Balitora pengi Huang, in Zheng, Chen & Huang, 1982: 395,
fig. 2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna:
Menghai County; syntypes: KIZ 73046–53 [8])
Dienbienia namnuaensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [H. D.],
2002: 10, fig. 1 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Prov-
ince: Dien Bien District: Nam Nua at Noongluong; holo-
type: NCNTTSI H.04.10.01.01; spelt nammuaensis p. 14,
an inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code
art. 32.5.1])
Hemimyzon tchangi (Zheng, in Zheng, Chen & Huang,
1982)
Balitora tchangi Zheng, in Zheng, Chen & Huang, 1982:
396, fig. 3 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangban-
na: Jinghong Xian; holotype: IHB 78III0432)
Homaloptera van Hasselt, 1823
Homaloptera van Hasselt, 1823c: 133 (type species: Homa-
loptera ocellata van der Hoeven, 1830: 211, by subse-
quent monotypy in van der Hoeven, 1830: 211; spelt
Homalophra p. 132, first reviser [Kottelat, 1987a: 373]
retained Homaloptera as correct original spelling). Gen-
der feminine.
Helgia Vinciguerra, 1890: 328 (type species: Helgia bilineata
Blyth, 1860b: 172, by subsequent designation by Jordan,
1920: 448). Gender feminine.
Homaloptera bilineata Blyth, 1860
Homoloptera bilineata Blyth, 1860b: 172 (type locality:
Burma: Tenasserim provinces; syntypes: ? ZSI, ? AMS
[? possibly the syntypes of Nemacheilus serpentarius Day,
1870b: 551])
Nemacheilus serpentarius Day, 1870b: 551 (type locality:
unknown [Burma]; syntypes [3]: ZSI A.955 [2, lost],
? AMS [lost ?], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 157, Fer-
raris et al., 2000: 301)
Homaloptera confuzona Kottelat, 2000
Homaloptera confuzona Kottelat, 2000a: 53, fig. 22 (type
locality: Thailand: Trat Province: Khlong Fit at Ban
Kraduk Chang, road 3157 from Trat to Borai, about 2–3
km after junction with road 3271; 12°28'N 102°38'E;
holotype: ZRC 45319)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
188
Homaloptera ocellata van der Hoeven, 1830
Homaloptera ocellata van den Hoeven, 1830: 211, 1833:
pl. 12 fig. 13 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype:
RMNH 2723, Roberts, 1993b: 24)
Balitora erythrorhina Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1846: 93, pl. 524 (type locality: Java: Buitenzorg
[Bogor]; syntypes: MNHN 3121 [3], Bertin & Estève,
1948: 100)
Balitora pavonina Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1846: 97 (type locality: Java [probably vicinity of Bogor];
holotype: MNHN 3123, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 100)
Homaloptera salusur Bleeker, 1853e: 161 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta] and Tjampea [Ciam-
pea]; lectotype: RMNH 5075, designated by Alfred,
1961a: 35)
Homaloptera polylepis Bleeker, 1853e: 162 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Buitenzorg [Bogor] and Tjipannas
[Cipanas]; syntypes [2]: among RMNH 7049 [13], Al-
fred, 1961a: 35)
Homaloptera ogilviei Alfred, 1967
Homaloptera ogilviei Alfred, 1967: 587, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: Malaysia: Negri Sembilan: Jelai River at 14th mile
along road from Tampin to Kuala Pilah; holotype: ZRC
1555)
Homaloptera orthogoniata Vaillant, 2002
Homaloptera orthogoniata Vaillant, 1902: 122, figs. 33–35
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur:
Bloeoe River [Bluu, 0°42'N 114°24'E]; lectotype: RMNH
7790A, designated by Tan & Ng, 2005a: 1 [abstract], 3)
Homaloptera parclitella Tan & Ng, 2005
Homaloptera parclitella Tan & Ng, 2005a: 7, figs. 5–6 (type
locality: Malaysia: Terengganu basin: Sekayu waterfalls,
rock pools about 5 minutes walk upstream of chalets [cha-
lets: 4°57.80'N 102°57.21'E]; holotype: ZRC 49257)
Homalopteroides Fowler, 1905
Homalopteroides Fowler, 1905a: 476 (type species: Homa-
loptera wassinkii Bleeker, 1853a: 163, by original desig-
nation; misidentified type species, in fact Homaloptera
weberi Hora, 1932: 284, according to Randall & Page,
2013: 335, who fixed the type species as H. wassinkii,
under Code art. 70.3.1). Gender masculine.
Chopraia Prashad & Mukerji, 1929: 188 (type species: Cho-
praia rupicola Prashad & Mukerji, 1929: 188, by origi-
nal designation). Gender feminine.
Homalopteroides modestus (Vinciguerra, 1890)
Helgia modesta Vinciguerra, 1890: 330, pl. 11 fig. 12 (type
locality: Burma: Meekalan, Salween drainage; lectotype:
MCSNG 15173-A, designated by Tortonese, 1961: 188)
Homalopteroides nebulosus (Alfred, 1969)
Homaloptera nebulosa Alfred, 1969a: 227, pl. 1 figs. 3–4
(type locality: Malaysia: Kelantan: Sok River, Kampong
Sok; holotype: ZRC 2020)
Homalopteroides rupicola (Prashad & Mukerji, 1929)
Chopraia rupicola Prashad & Mukerji, 1929: 188, pl. 8 fig. 3
(type locality: Burma: Myitkyina District: small streams
around Kamaing; holotype: ZSI F 10879/1, Menon &
Yazdani, 1968: 118)
? Homaloptera manipurensis Arunkumar, 1999: 176, fig. 1
(type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin drainage,
Lokchao River near Moreh, 110 km from Imphal City;
holotype: MUMF 3333/1A)
Nomenclatural notes. Words ending in -cola and meaning
'inhabitant of' are nouns and rupicola does not have to agree
in gender with Homalopteroides.
Homalopteroides smithi (Hora, 1932)
Homaloptera smithi Hora, 1932: 286, pl. 11 fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Nakon Sritamarat Province: Tadi Stream
and Klong Pong at Ban Kiriwong; syntypes: KUMF 165
[3], USNM 107941 [1], 109821 [5], 119459 [1], ZSI F
11293–11294/1 [4], 11295/1 [2], Menon & Yazdani, 1968:
118, Eschmeyer, 2010)
? Homaloptera maxinae Fowler, 1937: 152, figs. 52–53 (type
locality: Thailand: Tachin [Tha Chin, Samut Sakhon;
13°32'22"N 100°15'20"E]; holotype: ANSP 68004)
Homaloptera lineata Smith, 1945: 277, fig. 55 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Mekong at Chiangsen Kao; holotype:
USNM 199488)
? Homaloptera indochinensis Silas, 1953: 192, fig. 2 (type
locality: "Indo-China (? Tonkin)" [Vietnam: Kontum or
Dakto; Kottelat. 1912d: 51]; holotype: BMNH
1933.8.19.50)
Taxonomic notes. Homaloptera indochinensis is based on a
single specimen without precise locality. From Silas's de-
scription, it appears to fall within the variation of H. smithi,
a very common species in the Mekong drainage. It was col-
lected by Delacour and Lowe.
Hennache & Dickinson (2000) provided details of Dela-
cour's expeditions, and from them it appears that Delacour
and Lowe most likely collected this specimen in Kontum or
Dakto, Vietnam (Kottelat, 2012d: 51).
Homalopteroides stephensoni (Hora, 1932)
Homaloptera stephensoni Hora, 1932: 281, pl. 11 fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Upper
Mahakam River; holotype: RMNH 7633, Tan, 2009b: 61,
fig. 8)
? Homaloptera weberi Hora, 1932: 284, pl. 11 fig. 2 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Akar River; synty-
pes: BMNH 1895.7.2.81 [1], ZMA 100.990 [1], ZSI F
11292/1 [1], Nijssen et al., 1982: 29, Silas, 1953: 193,
Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 119, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Taxonomic notes. Listed as Balitoropsis by Kottelat (2012d:
46). Placed in Homalopteroides by Randall & Page (2012:
335). They also mention H. weberi but it is not clear whether
as valid species or simply as a nominal species.
Homalopteroides tweediei (Herre, 1940)
Homaloptera tweediei Herre, 1940a: 7, pl. 1 (type locality:
Malaysia: Johore: Mawai district, shallow rapid creek,
about 40 miles north of Singapore; holotype: CAS-SU
33102, Böhlke, 1953: 40)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
189
Homalopteroides wassinkii (Bleeker, 1853)
Homaloptera fasciata van Hasselt, 1823c: 133, 1824b: 377
(nomen nudum, Kottelat, 1987a: 373)
Balitora ocellata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1846: 96 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Buitenzorg
[Bogor]; syntypes: MNHN 3122 [1] and model of Kuhl
and van Hasselt's drawing [reproduced in Roberts, 1993b:
fig. 27]; secondary junior homonym of Homaloptera
ocellata van der Hoeven, 1830: 211 when placed in
Homaloptera by Bleeker, 1860j: 95)
Homaloptera Wassinkii Bleeker, 1853e: 163 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Tjampea [Campea] and Buitenzorg
[Bogor]; lectotype: RMNH 4987, designated by Alfred,
1961a: 36)
Homaloptera valenciennesi Bleeker, 1860j: 95 (replacement
name for Homaloptera ocellata Valenciennes, in Cuvier
& Valenciennes, 1846: 96)
Homaloptera fasciata Bleeker, 1860j: 96 (unnecessary re-
placement name for H. wassinkii Bleeker, 1853e: 163)
Nomenclatural notes. Roberts (1993: 25) considered speci-
men MNHN 3122 to be the holotype of Balitora ocellata.
Valenciennes based his description on a single specimen and
on the drawing sent by Kuhl and van Hasselt, as is obvious
from the mention of the live coloration (p. 97) and explicit
also from the comment at the end of the description of
B. pavonina (p. 99). Unless it can be demonstrated that the
specimen examined by Valenciennes is the same as that fig-
ured by Kuhl and van Hasselt, there is no holotype but a
series of syntypes.
Homalopteroides yuwonoi (Kottelat, 1998)
Homaloptera yuwonoi Kottelat, 1998b: 267, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: vicinity of
Danau Sentarum Wildlife Reserve: Sungai Hulu Leboy-
an at Keluwin; 1°08'51"N 112°15'32"E; holotype: MZB
5938)
Taxonomic notes. Generic placement tentatively follows
Randall & Page (2012: 335).
Homalopterula Fowler, 1940
Homalopterula Fowler, 1940: 379 (type species: Homalo-
pterula ripleyi Fowler, 1940: 379, by original designa-
tion). Gender feminine.
Homalopterula amphisquamata (Weber & de Beaufort,
1916)
Homaloptera amphisquamata Weber & de Beaufort, 1916:
12 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Sumatera Utara:
Lau Borus [stream], discharging river of Lake Kawar,
Karo Tableland Deli; syntypes [58]: ZMA 100.998 [1],
100.994 [54], Nijssen et al., 1993: 214 [Weber & de Beau-
fort stated "type of the species in" ZMA; this is not a
holotype designation as Code art. 73.1.1 requires that the
authors state "that one specimen […] is the type"; the
authors stated where the type is but not which of their
specimens is the type, so this is not a holotype designa-
tion; therefore, all specimens are syntypes])
Taxonomic notes. Tentatively placed in Homalopterula.
Homalopterula gymnogaster (Bleeker, 1853)
Homaloptera gymnogaster Bleeker, 1853e: 163 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Sumatra: lake Meninju [Maninjau]; holo-
type: BMNH 1866.5.2.49, Alfred, 1961a: 35)
Homaloptera lepidogaster Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 14
(type locality: Sumatra: Sumatera Barat: Padang High-
lands: Matur; syntypes: ZMA 100.256 [3], Nijssen et al.,
1982: 29 [Weber & de Beaufort stated "type of the spe-
cies in" ZMA; this is not a holotype designation as Code
art. 73.1.1 requires that the authors state "that one speci-
men […] is the type"; the authors stated where the type
is, but not which of their specimens is the type, so this is
not a holotype designation; in addition no specimen has
been separated and can now be recognised as the holo-
type; therefore, all specimens are syntypes])
Taxonomic notes. Tentatively placed in Homalopterula.
Homalopterula heterolepis (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)
Homaloptera heterolepis Weber & de Beaufort, 1916: 12
(type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh: Lake Tawar;
syntypes [5]: ZMA 100.999 [3], ? AMNH 9263 [1], ? ZSI
F 11035/1 [2], Nijssen et al., 1993: 214, Hora, 1950b:
47, Silas, 1953: 198 [Weber & de Beaufort stated "type
of the species in" ZMA; this is not a holotype designa-
tion as Code art. 73.1.1 requires that the authors state
"that one specimen […] is the type"; the authors stated
where the type is but not which of their specimens is the
type, so this is not a holotype designation; in addition no
specimen has been separated and can now be recognised
as the holotype; therefore, all specimens are syntypes])
Taxonomic notes. Tentatively placed in Homalopterula.
Homalopterula modiglianii (Perugia, 1893)
Homaloptera Modiglianii Perugia, 1893a: 245 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Sumatra: Si Rambé; syntypes: MCSNG
9249 [5], BMNH 1931.10.29.1–2 [2], ZSI F 11296/1 [1],
Tortonese, 1961: 189, Silas, 1953: 196, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Taxonomic notes. Tentatively placed in Homalopterula.
Homalopterula ripleyi Fowler, 1940
Homalopterula ripleyi Fowler, 1940: 379, figs. 5–7 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh: Goempang River at
Meloewak, 1640 feet; holotype: ANSP 68713, Ott, 2010:
74, fig. 1)
Homalopterula vanderbilti (Fowler, 1940)
Homaloptera vanderbilti Fowler, 1940: 375, figs. 1–2 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh: Blangnanga in Tripa
River, 3600 feet; holotype: ANSP 68688)
Homaloptera ulmeri Fowler, 1940: 377, figs. 3–4 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh: Goempang River at
Meloewak, 1640 feet; holotype: ANSP 68700; simulta-
neous subjective synonym of Homaloptera vanderbilti
Fowler, 1940: 375, first reviser [Kottelat et al., 1993: 54]
gave precedence to H. vanderbilti)
Taxonomic notes. Tentatively placed in Homalopterula.
Neohomaloptera Herre, 1944
Neohomaloptera Herre, 1944a: 50 (subgenus of Homaloptera
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
190
van Hasselt, 1823c: 133; type species: Homaloptera jo-
horensis Herre, 1944a: 51, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Neohomaloptera johorensis (Herre, 1944)
Homaloptera johorensis Herre, 1944a: 51 (type locality:
Malaysia: Johor: brook near Simpang Rengam; holotype:
CAS-SU 39840, Böhlke, 1953: 40)
Sinogastromyzon Fang, 1930
Sinogastromyzon Fang, 1930: 35 (type species: Sinogas-
tromyzon wui Fang, 1930: 36, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. The validitidy of the many names created
in recent years in the Vietnamese literature cannot be evalu-
ated. The descriptions are of little use and the quality of the
illustrations of most species does not allow to their identity
even to be guessed. As most species have very restricted
range, it is expected that those from widely distant localities
might end up being valid, while the many species described
from exactly the same locality may end as a single species.
Sinogastromyzon chapaensis Mai, 1978
Sinogastromyzon chapaensis Mai, 1978: 220, fig. 102 (type
locality: Vietnam [Lao Cai Province: Sapa; Kottelat,
2001a: 101]; syntypes: DVZUT)
? Sinogastromyzon hexaocellum Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 612,
fig. 39 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong
Tho district: Nam So stream at Muong So [Song Da drain-
age]; holotype: NCNTTSI; author indicated as "Hao &
Duc", p. 307, 612 caption of fig. 39)
? Sinogastromyzon daon Nguyen, 2005
Sinogastromyzon daon Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 605, fig. 35
(type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong Tho
district: Nam So stream [Song Da drainage]; holotype:
NCNTTSI; author indicated as "Hao & Duc", p. 306, 605
caption of fig. 35)
Taxonomic notes. Liu et al. (2010: 35) considered this spe-
cies to be valid (in a key) but without discussion and without
access to material.
? Sinogastromyzon hagiangensis Nguyen, 2005
Sinogastromyzon hagiangensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 608,
fig. 37 (type locality: Vietnam: Ha Giang Province: Ha
Giang town, Lo River; holotype: NCNTTSI)
Taxonomic notes. Liu et al. (2010: 35) considered this spe-
cies to be valid (in a key) but without discussion and without
access to material.
? Sinogastromyzon hypercorpus Nguyen, 2005
Sinogastromyzon hypercorpus Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 603,
fig. 34 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong
Tho district: Muong So, Nam So stream [Song Da drain-
age]; holotype: NCNTTSI; spelt hypercorfus p. 606, an
inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code
art. 32.5.1])
Taxonomic notes. Liu et al. (2010: 35) considered this spe-
cies to be valid (in a key) but without discussion and without
access to material.
Sinogastromyzon lixianjiangensis Liu, Chen & Yang, 2010
Sinogastromyzon lixianjiangensis Liu, Chen & Yang, 2010:
26, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Mojiang Coun-
ty: Sinanjiang River (tributary of Lixianjiang, tributary
of Red River), 23°07'38.13"N 101°47'44.32"E; holotype:
KIZ 200401799)
Sinogastromyzon macrostoma Liu, Chen & Yang, 2010
Sinogastromyzon macrostoma Liu, Chen & Yang, 2010: 31
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Mojiang County: Amojiang
River, 23°02'47.44"N 101°46'49.48"E; holotype: KIZ
200401820; compound noun, indeclinable [not adjective
because it did not agree in gender in original descrip-
tion])
? Sinogastromyzon maon Nguyen & Nguyen, 2005
Sinogastromyzon maon Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [H. D.],
in Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 607, fig. 36 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Song La Province: Song Ma district: Ma River;
holotype: NCNTTSI)
Taxonomic notes. Liu et al. (2010: 35) considered this spe-
cies to be valid (in a key) but without discussion and without
access to material.
? Sinogastromyzon minutus Mai, 1978
Sinogastromyzon minutum Mai, 1978: 222, fig. 104 (type
locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Muong Muon, Nam
Muc; syntypes: DVZUT)
Taxonomic notes. Liu et al. (2010: 35) considered this spe-
cies to be valid (in a key) but without discussion and without
access to material.
Sinogastromyzon multiocellum Nguyen, 2005
Sinogastromyzon multiocellum Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 614,
fig. 40 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong
Tho district: Nam So stream at Muong So [Song Da drain-
age]; holotype: NCNTTSI; author indicated as "Hao &
Duc" pp. 307, 614 caption of fig. 40; spelt multiocelum
p. 613, an inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spell-
ing [Code art. 32.5.1])
Taxonomic notes. Considered to be valid following Liu et
al. (2010: 35).
Sinogastromyzon namnaensis Nguyen, 2005
Sinogastromyzon namnaensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 610,
fig. 38 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Lai
Chau town, Nam Na River; holotype: NCNTTSI)
Sinogastromyzon rugocauda Mai, 1978
Sinogastromyzon rugocauda Mai, 1978: 221, fig. 103 (type
locality: Vietnam: Song La Province: Song Ma District:
Nam Cong stream; syntypes: DVZUT)
Sinogastromyzon tonkinensis Pellegrin & Chevey, 1935
Sinogastromyzon tonkinensis Pellegrin & Chevey, 1935a:
232, fig. 1 (type locality: Vietnam: Tonkin: Lai-Chau;
holotype: MNHN 1935-0041)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
191
Gastromyzontidae
Gastromyzoninae Fowler, 1905: 477 (type genus: Gastro-
myzon Günther, 1874: 454; correct stem is Gastromyzont–
and correct spelling is Gastromyzontinae)
Lepidoglanidae Jordan, 1923: 149 (type genus: Lepidogla-
nis Vaillant, 1890: 82; correct stem is Lepidoglanid– and
correct spelling is Lepidoglanididae; see below)
Crossostominae Silas, 1953: 219 (type genus: Crossostoma
Sauvage, 1878a: 88; invalid because of junior homony-
my of type genus, Code art. 39; correct stem is Crossos-
tomat– and correct spelling is Crossostomatinae)
Glaniopsini Silas, 1953: 259 (type genus: Glaniopsis Bou-
lenger, 1899a: 228)
Pseudogastromyzoni Silas, 1953: 299 (type genus Pseudo-
gastromyzon Nichols, 1925e: 1; correct stem is Pseudo-
gastromyzont– and correct spelling is Pseudogas-
tromyzontini)
Beaufortini Chen, 1980b: 207 (type genus: Beaufortia Hora,
1932a: 318; correct stem is Beauforti– and the correct
spelling is Beaufortiini)
Parhomalopterini Chen, 1980b: 207 (type genus: Parhoma-
loptera Vaillant, 1902: 129)
Annamia Hora, 1932
Annamia Hora, 1932: 306 (type species: Parhomaloptera
normanni Hora, 1930: 584, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Species inquirenda
Annamia thuathienensis Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.],
in Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 579, fig. 21 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Thua Thien Hue Province, Bo River [a coastal drain-
age]; holotype: HNUE)
Annamia normani (Hora, 1930)
Parhomaloptera normani Hora, 1930: 584, pl. 15 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Annam: Kontum [14°23'N 107°59'E;
Sesan drainage, Mekong basin]; holotype: BMNH
1930.5.5.1, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Beaufortia Hora, 1932
Beaufortia Hora, 1932: 318 (type species: Gastromyzon le-
veretti Nichols & Pope, 1927: 340, by original designa-
tion). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. The validitidy of the many names created
in recent years in the Vietnamese literature cannot be evalu-
ated. The descriptions are of little use and the quality of the
illustrations of most species does not allow to their identity
even to be guessed. As most species have very restricted
range, it is expected that those from widely distant localities
might end up being valid, while the many species described
from exactly the same locality may end as a single species.
? Beaufortia buas (Mai, 1978)
Gastromyzon buas Mai, 1978: 215, fig. 99 (type locality:
northern Vietnam [Bua River, Song La and Phu Tho Prov-
inces; Kottelat, 2001a: 98]; syntypes: DVZUT)
? Beaufortia daon (Mai, 1978)
Gastromyzon daon Mai, 1978: 216, fig. 100 (type locality:
Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong Tho and Nam Na
streams [Song Da drainage]; syntypes: DVZUT)
? Beaufortia elongata (Mai, 1978)
Gastromyzon elongatus Mai, 1978: 213, fig. 98 (type local-
ity: northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT)
Taxonomic notes. No usable locality information. Appar-
ently close to or a senior synonym of B. cyclica, known from
Pearl River drainage in Guangxi, China. Nguyen [V. H.]
(2005a: 284) identified as B. elongata material from the Song
Con River in Thai Nguyen Prov, in the Red River drainage.
The identity of this species and its distribution range remains
to be demonstrated.
[Beaufortia cyclica Chen, 1980a: 115, fig. 6 (type locality: China: Guangxi:
West River in Longzhow Xian; holotype: IHB 75IV1417)].
Beaufortia kweichowensis (Fang, 1931)
Gastromyzon leveretti kweichowensis Fang, 1931: 41, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Kweichow [Guizhou]: San-ho
Hsien; holotype: MMNHN 3539)
Beaufortia kweichowensis gracilicauda Chen & Zheng, 1980:
97, fig. 8 (type locality: China: Guangdong: East River
in Xinfeng Xian and North River in Shaoguan Shi; syn-
types: IHB 76IV5880, 5881, 6986, 6987, 7736 [5], DBJU
76IV7742–7747 [6])
Beaufortia leveretti (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Gastromyzon leveretti Nichols & Pope, 1927: 340, fig. 12
(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH
8366)
? Beaufortia loos (Mai, 1978)
Gastromyzon loos Mai, 1978: 217, fig. 101 (type locality:
Vietnam [Song Lo basin; Kottelat, 2001a: 99]; syntypes:
DVZUT)
Erromyzon Kottelat, 2004
Erromyzon Kottelat, 2004c: 306 (type species: Protomyzon
sinensis Chen, 1980a: 106, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Erromyzon compactus Kottelat, 2004
Erromyzon compactus Kottelat, 2004c: 307, fig. 8 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Quang Ninh Province: Ba Che District:
Ba Che River 4 km upriver of Ba Che city; 21°16'34"N
107°14'54"E; holotype: ZRC 49636)
Family GASTROMYZONTIDAE
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
192
Erromyzon sinensis (Chen, 1980)
Protomyzon sinensis Chen, 1980a: 106, fig. 4 (type locality:
China: Guangxi: West River in Lonsheng County, Lipu
County and Jinxiu County; syntypes [15]: IHB 75-IV-
1801–1805, 2572–2574, 2579, 2581, 2804, 3217–3220
[15])
Gastromyzon Günther, 1874
Gastromyzon Günther, 1874b: 454 (type species: Gastromy-
zon borneensis Günther, 1874b: 454, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Lepidoglanis Vaillant, 1890: 82 (type species: Lepidoglanis
monticola Vaillant, 1890: 82, by monotypy). Gender fem-
inine.
Nomenclatural notes. Vaillant (1890) did not indicate the
gender of Lepidoglanis. He also did not provide the etymol-
ogy and it is not known if he used the Greek glanis (femi-
nine) or the Latin glanis (masculine). Because lepis is a Greek
word, I consider Lepidoglanis to be formed from the Greek
glanis, hence feminine. The stem for a family group named
formed on Lepidoglanis therefore is Lepidoglanid– (e.g.
Lepidoglanididae Jordan, 1923: 149).
Gastromyzon aequabilis Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon aequabilis Tan, 2006: 147, fig. 91 (type local-
ity: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad Datu, Danum Val-
ley, Kuamut, unnamed stream at km 111 on main line
west after turnoff to Borneo Rainforest Lodge,
5°01'06.0"N 117°32'38.4"E; holotype: MUS uncat.)
Gastromyzon aeroides Tan & Sulaiman, 2006
Gastromyzon aeroides Tan & Sulaiman, 2006: 9, figs. 3–4
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Mengalong Riv-
er basin: Sipitang: Sungai Malamum, about 9 km into
track, tributary to Mengalong River; 4°59.120'N
115°37.581'E; holotype: MUS uncat.)
Gastromyzon auronigrus Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon auronigrus Tan, 2006: 177, fig. 114, pl. 17B
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kota Marudu:
Marak Parak: Sungai Kinarom, Kampong Loguhang,
about 6 km downstream of Serinsim Station, 6°19.733'N
116°44.403'E; holotype: ZRC 47121)
Gastromyzon bario Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon bario Tan, 2006: 76, figs. 34–36, pl. 11A (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River ba-
sin, Arur Dalan, headwater of Sungai Padapur, near
Bario; holotype: IRSNB 824)
Gastromyzon borneensis Günther, 1874
Gastromyzon borneensis Günther, 1874b: 454 (type locali-
ty: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Beaufort, sources of Ming-
along River [near Labuan]; lectotype: BMNH
1874.11.24.1, designated by Roberts, 1982a: 502, Tan,
2006: 56, fig. 12)
Gastromyzon contractus Roberts, 1982
Gastromyzon contractus Roberts, 1982a: 504, fig. 6 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungai
Tebelian where it flows into Sungai Pinoh, 19 km up-
stream from Nangapinoh, 0°30'S 111°45'E; holotype:
MZB 3447)
Gastromyzon cornusaccus Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon cornusaccus Tan: 2006: 68, fig. 26, pl. 10B
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kota Marudu,
Sungai Kinarom; holotype: UMSB 02233)
Gastromyzon cranbrooki Tan & Sulaiman, 2006
Gastromyzon cranbrooki Tan & Sulaiman, 2006: 3, figs. 1–
2 (type locality: Brunei Darussalam: Temburon district:
Temburong River drainage, Sungai Belalong, in front and
near Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, 4°32'50.4"N
115°09'27.6"E; holotype: UBD uncat.)
Gastromyzon crenastus Tan & Leh, 2006
Gastromyzon crenastus Tan & Leh, 2006: 9, figs. 3–4 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Serian, Sungai
Kubas, 6.9 km from Tebelu Tebakang turnoff, 5.8 km
inside right side road, 1°09°10.0"N 110°29'22.7"E; ho-
lotype: SMK uncat.)
Gastromyzon ctenocephalus Roberts, 1982
Gastromyzon ctenocephalus Roberts, 1982a: 505, fig. 7 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Senah; holotype:
BMNH 1893.3.6.269)
Gastromyzon danumensis Chin & Inger, 1989
Gastromyzon danumensis Chin & Inger, 1989: 54, fig. 2 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad Datu district:
Sungei Palum Tambun, a tributary of Segama River in
Danum Valley Conservation Area; holotype: FMNH
98126 [not 98125], Tan, 2006: 145, fig. 88)
Gastromyzon embalohensis Rachmatika, 1998
Gastromyzon embalohensis Rachmatika, 1998: 652, fig. 1
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: un-
named stream near its confluence with Sungai Tekelan,
tributary of Embaloh River, about «126'646"N
11228'196"E» [? 1°26.646'N 112°28.196'E]; holotype:
MZB 9205)
Gastromyzon extrorsus Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon extrorsus Tan, 2006: 70, figs. 28–29, pl. 10C
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Penampang:
Petagas basin, Penampang River, Sungai Moyog, Kam-
pong Kibunut, 5°53.301'N 116°14.102'E; holotype: MUS
uncat.)
Gastromyzon farragus Tan & Leh, 2006
Gastromyzon farragus Tan & Leh, 2006: 15, figs. 5–6 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Serian, Sungai
Kubas, 6.9 km from Tebelu Tebakang turnoff, 5.8 km
inside right side road, 1°09'10.0"N 110°29'22.7"E; holo-
type: SMK uncat.)
Gastromyzon fasciatus Inger & Chin, 1961
Gastromyzon fasciatus Inger & Chin, 1961: 173 (type local-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
193
ity: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Third Division: Sungai
Dapu, tributary of Baleh River near mouth of Sungai
Putai, 1°48'N 113°45'E; holotype: FMNH 68119, Tan,
2006: 94, fig. 48)
Gastromyzon ingeri Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon ingeri Tan, 2006: 149, fig. 94 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Tawau: Tawau Hill Parl, Tawau
River; holotype: FMNH [ex 108270])
Gastromyzon introrsus Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon introrsus Tan, 2006: 72, figs. 31–32, pl. 10D
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Keningau: Sun-
gai Agudon, mile 1 from Keningau to Crocker Range
National Park HQ, Padas drainage, 5°21.206'N
116°07.532'E; holotype: MUS uncat.)
Gastromyzon katibasensis Leh & Chai, 2003
Gastromyzon katibasensis Leh & Chai, 2003: 277, fig. 1 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Katibas, Song:
Menyarin Camp [1°39.212'N 112°13.568'E] at estuary
of Menyarin stream with Katibas headwaters; holotype:
SMK FE.KTB.01-03)
Gastromyzon lepidogaster Roberts, 1982
Gastromyzon lepidogaster Roberts, 1982a: 509, figs. 9–10
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Beaufort Dis-
trict: sources of Mengalong; holotype: BMNH
1874.11.24.5)
Gastromyzon megalepis Roberts, 1982
Gastromyzon megalepis Roberts, 1982a: 510, fig. 11 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Third District: trib-
utary of Baleh River between Sungai Entunau and Sun-
gai Putai, Rajang drainage; holotype: FMNH 68126)
Gastromyzon monticola (Vaillant, 1890)
Lepidoglanis monticola Vaillant, 1890: 82 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Mt. Kinabalu [headwaters of
Tampassuk River; Tan, 2006: 58]; lectotype: MNHN
1889-0084, designated by Tan, 2006: 61, fig. 17; illus-
trated in Vaillant, 1893b: pl. 1 fig. 3)
Nomenclatural notes. Words ending in -cola and meaning
'inhabitant of' are nouns and monticola does not have to agree
in gender with Gastromyzon.
Gastromyzon ocellatus Tan & Ng, 2004
Gastromyzon ocellatus Tan & Ng, 2004: 269, figs. 1, 5 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Bau, Serikin area,
Sungai Petiak, 1°21.25'N 110°06.81'E; holotype: SBC
uncat.)
Gastromyzon ornaticauda Tan & Martin-Smith, 1998
Gastromyzon ornaticauda Tan & Martin-Smith, 1998: 367,
figs. 3–4 (type locality: Sabah: Lahad Datu: Kuamut,
unnamed stream at km 113 on Main Line West logging
track, 5°00'40"N 117°31'40"E; holotype: MUS uncat.)
Gastromyzon pariclavis Tan & Martin-Smith, 1998
Gastromyzon pariclavis Tan & Martin-Smith, 1998: 362,
fig. 1 (type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad
Datu: Kuamut, unnamed stream at km 111 on Main Line
West logging track, 5°01'05"N 117°32'40"E; holotype:
MUS uncat.)
Gastromyzon praestans Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon praestans Tan, 2006: 96, figs. 51–52 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: mainstream
of Sungai Pinoh 20–60 km upstream from Nangapinoh,
0°27.5'–0°41.5'S 111°39'–111°45.5'E; holotype: MZB
3450)
Gastromyzon psiloetron Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon psiloetron Tan, 2006: 126, pl. 14A, fig. 73 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Kayan
basin, Bahau: Lalut Birai River next to Lalut Birai field
station, tributary to Enggeng Bio, itself draining to Ba-
hau River, 2°52.58'N 115°49.19'E; holotype: MZB 9348)
Gastromyzon punctulatus Inger & Chin, 1961
Gastromyzon punctulatus Inger & Chin, 1961: 173 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Third Division: Sun-
gai Dapu, tributary of Baleh River near mouth of Sungai
Putai, 1°48'N 113°45'E; holotype: FMNH 68116, Tan,
2006: 84, fig. 40)
Gastromyzon ridens Roberts, 1982
Gastromyzon ridens Roberts, 1982a: 515, fig. 14 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungai Pi-
noh 20–60 km upstream from Nangapinoh; holotype:
MZB 3455)
Gastromyzon russulus Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon russulus Tan, 2006: 163, pl. 16B, fig. 105 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Kayan
basin, Bahau: Enggeng Bio Rio, draining to Bahau Riv-
er, up to 6 riffles upstream of field station, 2°52.58'N
115°49.19'E; holotype: MZB 10702)
Gastromyzon scitulus Tan & Leh, 2006
Gastromyzon scitulus Tan & Leh, 2006: 3, figs. 1–2 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Serian, Sungai
Kubas, 6.9 km from Tebelu Tebakang turnoff, 5.8 km
inside right side road, 1°09'10.0"N 110°29'22.7"E; holo-
type: SMK uncat.)
Gastromyzon spectabilis Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon spectabilis Tan, 2006: 161, pl. 16A, fig. 102
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad Datu,
Sungai Danum camp II; holotype: MUS 0366)
Gastromyzon stellatus Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon stellatus Tan, 2006: 136, fig. 82, pl. 14C (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Bau, Serikin area,
Sungai Petiak, 1°21.25'N 110°06.81'E; holotype: SMK
uncat.)
Gastromyzon umbrus Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon umbrus Tan, 2006: 106, figs. 60–61 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Sungai
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
194
Sebuku basin: Sungai Bantul at Bantul logging camp,
draining to Sungai Tulit, 4°08'54"N 116°48'18"E; holo-
type: MZB 16471)
Gastromyzon venustus Tan & Sulaiman, 2006
Gastromyzon venustus Tan & Sulaiman, 2006: 13, figs. 5–6
(type locality: Brunei Darussalam: Temburong district:
Temburong River drainage, Sungai Belalong, in front and
near Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, 4°32'50.4"N
115°09'27.6"E; holotype: UBD uncat.)
Gastromyzon viriosus Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon viriosus Tan, 2006: 165, fig. 107 (type locali-
ty: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Bintulu, Tatau district,
Sungai Sawi; holotype: ZRC 39709)
Gastromyzon zebrinus Tan, 2006
Gastromyzon zebrinus Tan, 2006: 139, fig. 84, pl. 15A (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas
basin: Bengkayan, about 60–70 km from Sarawak bor-
der; holotype: MZB 9350)
Glaniopsis Boulenger, 1899
Glaniopsis Boulenger, 1899b: 228 (type species: Glaniopsis
hanitschi Boulenger, 1899b: 228, by monotypy). Gender
feminine.
Glaniopsis denudata Roberts, 1982
Glaniopsis denudata Roberts, 1982a: 517, fig. 17 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Sungai Kidikarok; ho-
lotype: BMNH 1957.2.27.1)
Glaniopsis gossei Roberts, 1982
Glaniopsis gossei Roberts, 1982a: 518, fig. 18 (type locali-
ty: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Arur Dalan, a torrential
headwater of Sungai Padapur, Baram basin, near Bario;
holotype: IRNSB 621)
Glaniopsis hanitschi Boulenger, 1899
Glaniopsis Hanitschi Boulenger, 1899b: 228 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kadamaian River on Mount
Kinabalu; syntypes: BMNH 1898.8.19.17–18 [2], ZRC
1753 [1], Alfred, 1970: 69, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Glaniopsis multiradiata Roberts, 1982
Glaniopsis multiradiata Roberts, 1982a: 521, fig. 20 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Arur Dalan, a tor-
rential headwater of Sungai Padapur, Baram basin, near
Bario; holotype: IRNSB 619)
Hypergastromyzon Roberts, 1989
Hypergastromyzon Roberts, 1989: 91 (type species: Hyper-
gastromyzon humilis Roberts, 1989: 92, by original des-
ignation; spelt Hypogastromyzon p. 83, an inadvertent
error as evidenced by etymology p. 92, thus incorrect
original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]). Gender masculine.
Hypergastromyzon eubranchus Roberts, 1991
Hypergastromyzon eubranchus Roberts, 1991: 334, fig. 1
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Batang Ai near
Wong Mepal; holotype: BMNH 1984.11.15.1)
Hypergastromyzon humilis Roberts, 1989
Hypergastromyzon humilis Roberts, 1989: 92, fig. 72 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungei
Tamang, a tributary of Sungei Pinoh entering it opposite
mouth of Sungei Kelawai, 0°35'S 111°44'E; holotype:
MZB 3480)
Katibasia Kottelat, 2004
Katibasia Kottelat, 2004c: 302 (type species: Katibasia in-
sidiosa Kottelat, 2004c: 303, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Katibasia insidiosa Kottelat, 2004
Katibasia insidiosa Kottelat, 2004c: 303, fig. 2 (type locali-
ty: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Song District: Sungai
Melinau, Ulu Katibas, Rajang drainage; holotype: ZRC
49631)
Liniparhomaloptera Fang, 1935
Liniparhomaloptera Fang, 1935a: 93 (type species: Par-
homaloptera disparis Lin, 1934b: 225, by original des-
ignation). Gender feminine.
Liniparhomaloptera disparis (Lin, 1934)
Parhomaloptera disparis Lin, 1934b: 225, figs. 1–3 (type
locality: China: Guangdong: Poh-lo County: Loh Fau
Shan; holotype: FESC H 15)
? Liniparhomaloptera monoloba (Mai, 1978)
Homaloptera monoloba Mai, 1978: 207, fig. 94 (type local-
ity: Vietnam: Bac Thai Province: Ky Phu stream; synty-
pes: DVZUT)
Liniparhomaloptera qiongzhongensis Zheng & Chen, 1980
Liniparhomaloptera disparis qiongzhongensis Zheng &
Chen, 1980: 91, fig. 2 (type locality: China: Hainan:
Wanquan River in Quiongzhong Xian; syntypes: IHB
76V9621–9624, 9626 [5], DBJU 76V9629, 9630, 9632,
9634 [4]; spelt qiongzhengensis p. 89, an inadvertent er-
ror, thus incorrect original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1])
Neogastromyzon Popta, 1905
Neogastromyzon Popta, 1905a: 180 (type species: Neogas-
tromyzon nieuwenhuisii Popta, 1905a: 181, by monoty-
py). Gender masculine.
Neogastromyzon brunei Tan, 2006
Neogastromyzon brunei Tan, 2006: 194, fig. 127, pl. 18C
(type locality: Brunei Darussalam: Temburong district:
Belalong basin: Sungai Enkabang, about 15 minutes up-
stream of Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre,
4°32'13.5"N 115°09'35.0"E; holotype: UBD uncat.)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
195
Neogastromyzon chini Tan, 2006
Neogastromyzon chini Tan, 2006: 189, figs. 122–123,
pl. 18A–B (type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak:
Third Division: Rejang basin, tributary Baleh River, be-
tween Sungai Entunau and Sungai Putai; holotype:
FMNH 97439)
Neogastromyzon crassiobex Tan, 2006
Neogastromyzon crassiobex Tan, 2006: 187, fig. 120, pl. 17C
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad Datu:
Kuamut drainage, unnamed hill stream, 5°00'20"N
117°30'10"E; holotype: ZRC 47396)
Neogastromyzon kottelati Tan, 2006
Neogastromyzon kottelati Tan, 2006: 192, fig. 125 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Danau Sen-
tarum area, Sungai Hulu Leboyan at Keluwin, 1°08'51"N
112°15'32"E; holotype: MZB 10704)
Neogastromyzon nieuwenhuisii Popta, 1905
Neogastromyzon Nieuwenhuisii Popta, 1905a: 181 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Howong
River [about 0°15'N 115°30'E]; holotype: RMNH 7640;
also in Popta, 1906: 192, pl. 10 fig. 41)
Neogastromyzon pauciradiatus (Inger & Chin, 1961)
Gastromyzon pauciradiatus Inger & Chin, 1961: 174 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Third Division:
unnamed tributary of Baleh River opposite Sungai Laie;
holotype: FMNH 68121, Tan, 2006: 185, fig. 118)
Parhomaloptera Vaillant, 1902
Parhomaloptera Vaillant, 1902: 129 (type species: Parhoma-
loptera obscura Vaillant, 1902: 130, by monotypy). Gen-
der feminine.
Parhomaloptera microstoma (Boulenger, 1899)
Homaloptera microstoma Boulenger, 1899b: 228 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Akar River; holotype:
BMNH 1895.7.2.49, Eschmeyer, 2010)
Parhomaloptera obscura Vaillant, 1902: 130, figs. 36–38
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur:
Bloeoe River [Bluu, 0°42'N 114°24'E]; syntypes [3]:
RMNH, MNHN 1903-0196 [1], Bertin & Estève, 1948:
103)
Plesiomyzon Zheng & Chen, 1980
Plesiomyzon Zheng & Chen, 1980: 90 (type species: Plesi-
omyzon baotingensis Zheng & Chen, 1980: 90, by origi-
nal designation). Gender masculine.
Plesiomyzon baotingensis Zheng & Chen, 1980
Plesiomyzon baotingensis Zheng & Chen, 1980: 90, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Hainan: Baoting Xian; syntypes:
IHB 76VI6077, 6079 [2], DBJU 76VI6078 [1])
Protomyzon Hora, 1932
Protomyzon Hora, 1932: 306 (type species: Homaloptera
whiteheadi Vaillant, 1893b: 92, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Progastromyzon Hora & Jayaram, 1952: 191 (type species:
Progastromyzon griswoldi Hora & Jayaram, 1952: 192,
by original designation). Gender masculine.
Protomyzon aphelocheilus Inger & Chin, 1962
Protomyzon aphelocheilus Inger & Chin, 1962: 110, fig. 53
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Tambunan Dis-
trict: Sungei Kaingeran; holotype: FMNH 68166)
Protomyzon borneensis Hora & Jayaram, 1952
Protomyzon borneensis Hora & Jayaram, 1952: 193, fig. 2
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Mount Kinabalu,
Bohanan River between Jinompan and Ranan, Kampong
Kundasang; holotype: MCZ 37207 [not 34801])
Protomyzon griswoldi (Hora & Jayaram, 1952)
Progastromyzon griswoldi Hora & Jayaram, 1952: 192, fig. 1
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Mount Kina-
balu: Kaddamayaa River at Kiau; holotype: MCZ 37206
[not 34806])
Protomyzon whiteheadi (Vaillant, 1893)
Homaloptera Whiteheadi Vaillant, 1893b: 92, pl. 1 fig. 2 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kinabalu; syntypes:
MNHN 1889-0086 [1], 1889-0087 [1], 1889-0088 [5])
Sewellia Hora, 1932
Sewellia Hora, 1932: 315 (type species: Balitora lineolata
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 99, by
original designation). Gender feminine.
Diardichthys Roberts, 1998c: 275 (subgenus of Sewellia
Hora, 1932: 315; type species: Sewellia diardi Roberts,
1998c: 281, by original designation). Gender masculine
Parasewellia : Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [H. D.], in Nguyen
[V. H.], 2005a: 543 (type species: Parasewellia tetralo-
bata Nguyen [V. H.] & Nguyen [H. D.], in Nguyen [V. H.],
2005a: 545, by original designation). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. The validitidy of the many names created
in recent years in the Vietnamese literature cannot be evalu-
ated. The descriptions are of little use and the quality of the
illustrations of most species does not allow to their identity
even to be guessed. As most species have very restricted
range, it is expected that those from widely distant localities
might end up being valid, while the many species described
from exactly the same locality may end as a single species.
Sewellia albisuera Freyhof, 2003
Sewellia albisuera Freyhof, 2003: 226, figs. 1–2 (type local-
ity: Vietnam: Quang Nam Da Nang Province: Thu Bon
River about 16 km west of Than My; 15°40.33'N
107°48.45'E; holotype: ZFMK 32913)
Parasewellia tetralobata Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.],
in Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 545, fig. 1 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Quang Nam Province: Thu Bon River [a coastal
drainage south of Danang]; holotype: HNUE)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
196
Sewellia analis Nguyen
Sewellia analis Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], in Ngu-
yen [V. H.], 2005a: 587, fig. 25 (type locality: Vietnam:
Thua Thien Hue Province: A Luoi district, A Sap, Hong
Van, Tarinh; holotype: HNUE; spelt analus p. 278, 587
fig. 25, 689, first reviser [Kottelat, 2012d: 70] gave pre-
cedence to analis)
Sewellia breviventralis Freyhof & Serov, 2000
Sewellia breviventralis Freyhof & Serov, 2000a: 231, figs.
9–10 (type locality: Vietnam: Kontum Province: Pako
River about 50 km north of Kontum, a tributary of Se-
san, Mekong drainage; 14°39'60"N 107°46'98"E; holo-
type: ZFMK 20955)
Sewellia diardi Roberts, 1998
Sewellia diardi Roberts, 1998c: 281, fig. 6 (type locality:
Laos: Attapeu Province: lower Xe Nam Noi 1.5 km down-
stream from bridge on route 232 to Attapeu, 26 km from
Ban Nam Tang, 270 masl; holotype: ZRC 40364)
Sewellia elongata Roberts, 1998
Sewellia elongata Roberts, 1998c: 283, fig. 7 (type locality:
Laos: Champasak Province: Bolavens plateau: Xe Nam
Noi at proposed dam site for Xe Nam Noi–Xe Pian hy-
dropower dam [15°03'27.0"N 106°36'10.0"E], 16 km SE
of Ban Nam Tang, 730 masl; holotype: ZRC 40361)
Sewellia lineolata (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1846)
Balitora lineolata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1846: 99 (type locality: Vietnam: Cochinchine; syntypes:
MNHN 2906 [3], BMNH 1931.10.26.3 [1], RMNH 2011 [2],
ZSI F 11291/1 [1],
Hora, 1932: pl. 11 fig. 10, Bertin &
Estève, 1948: 104, Silas, 1953: 230, Kottelat, 1994b: 109)
Sewellia songboensis Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], in
Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 581, fig. 22 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Thua Thien Hue Province: A Luoi district: A Sap;
holotype: HNUE)
Sewellia marmorata Serov, 1996
Sewellia marmorata Serov, 1996: 197, fig. 1 (type locality:
Vietnam: Province Zalai-Kontum, "a mountain brook at
the area of the forestry Kon-Khanym", 1250 masl,
13°57'N 107°32'E [Gia Lai Province: stream at Kon Ha
Nuong, about 70 km north of An Khe, 13°57'N 108°32'E;
Freyhof & Serov, 2000a: 223]; holotype: ZMMU
P 19760)
Sewellia media Nguyen & Nguyen, in Nguyen, 2005
Sewellia medius Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], in Ngu-
yen [V. H.], 2005a: 585, fig. 24 (type locality: Vietnam:
Thua Thien Hue Province: A Luoi district, A Sap, Hong
Van, Tarinh; holotype: HNUE)
Sewellia brevis Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], in Nguyen
[V. H.], 2005a: 278, 585, fig. 24 (an alternative name
used
simultaneously for Sewellia medius Nguyen [H. D.] &
Nguyen [V. H.], in Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 585, first re
vis-
er [Kottelat, 2012d: 70] gave precedence to S. medius)
Sewellia monolobata (Nguyen & Nguyen, in Nguyen, 2005)
Parasewellia monolobata Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.],
in Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 546, fig. 2 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Quang Nam Province: Thu Bon River [a coastal
drainage south of Danang]; holotype: HNUE)
Parasewellia polylobata Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.],
in Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 548, fig. 3 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Quang Nam Province: Thu Bon River [a coastal
drainage south of Danang]; holotype: HNUE; spelt poly-
loba in caption of fig. 3, first reviser [Kottelat, 2012d:
71] retained polylobata as the correct original spelling;
subjective simultaneous synonym of Parasewellia mono-
lobata Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], in Nguyen [V.
H.], 2005a 546, first reviser [Kottelat, 2012d: 70], gave
precedence to P. monolobata)
Sewellia patella Freyhof & Serov, 2000
Sewellia patella Freyhof & Serov, 2000a: 235, figs. 13–14
(type locality: Vietnam: Gia Lai Province: stream Azun
about 30 km east of Pleiku; 14°02'34"N 108°21'07" E;
holotype: ZFMK 20962)
Sewellia pterolineata Roberts, 1998
Sewellia pterolineata Roberts, 1998c: 277, fig. 4 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Nghia Bin Province: Trac Khuc River;
holotype: RMNH 31832)
Sewellia speciosa Roberts, 1998
Sewellia speciosa Roberts, 1998c: 279, fig. 5 (type locality:
Laos: Attapeu Province: lower Xe Nam Noi 1.5 km down-
stream from bridge on route 232 to Attapeu, 26 km from
Ban Nam Tang, 270 masl; holotype: ZRC 40368)
Sewellia trakhucensis Nguyen & Nguyen, in Nguyen, 2005
Sewellia trakhucensis Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], in
Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 583, fig. 23 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Quang Ngai Province: Son Ha, Tra Khuc River;
holotype: HNUE)
Vanmanenia Hora, 1932
Homalosoma Boulenger, 1901: 270 (name not available, in-
correct subsequent spelling for Homaloptera van Has-
selt, 1823: 133 [Boulenger, in litt. to Hora, 1932: 309];
[if treated as available then: type species: Homalosoma
stenosoma Boulenger, 1901: 270, by monotypy; junior
homonym of Homalosoma Wagler, 1830: 190 in Reptil-
ia, and Homalosoma Agassiz, 1848: 531 in Coleoptera;
not junior homonym of Homalosoma Oersted, in
Kefer-
stein, 1865: 436, in Vermes, which is not available because
listed in synonymy [Code art. 11.6]]). Gender neuter.
Vanmanenia Hora, 1932: 309 (type species: Homalosoma
stenosoma Boulenger, 1901a: 270, by original designa-
tion). Gender feminine.
Praeformosania Fang, 1935a: 71 (type species: Praeformo-
sania pingchowensis Fang, 1935a: 72, by original desig-
nation). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. The validitidy of the many names created
in recent years in the Vietnamese literature cannot be evalu-
ated. The descriptions are of little use and the quality of the
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
197
illustrations of most species does not allow to their identity
even to be guessed. As most species have very restricted
range, it is expected that those from widely distant localities
might end up being valid, while the many species described
from exactly the same locality may end as a single species.
The colour pattern of Vanmanenia species strikingly chang-
es with growth.
Nomenclatural notes. Boulenger (1901: 270) used the name
Homalosoma, without mentioning it as a new genus. This
was a lapsus as he explained himself in a letter to Hora (1932:
309): "Homalosoma stenosoma is obviously a lapsus cala-
mi for Homaloptera stenosoma and only a lapsus memoriae
could account for my using Homalosoma to denote a new
genus, that name being in use for a well known genus of
snakes". Therefore, Homalosoma is an incorrect subsequent
spelling of Homaloptera. Should one consider it to be avail-
able, it would be permanently invalid as a junior homonym
for Homalosoma Wagler, 1830 (see above).
Species inquiranda et incertae sedis
Vanmanenia multiloba (Mai, 1978)
Homaloptera multiloba Mai, 1978: 208, fig. 95 (type local-
ity: northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT)
Species inquiranda et incertae sedis
Vanmanenia nahangensis Nguyen, 2005
Vanmanenia nahangensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 572, fig. 17
(type locality: Vietnam: Tuyen Quang Province: Na Hang
district: Gam River; holotype: NCNTTSI; spelt nahange-
nis p. 573, an inadvertent error, thus incorrect original
spelling [Code art. 32.5.1])
Species inquiranda et incertae sedis
Vanmanenia tetraloba (Mai, 1978)
Homaloptera tetraloba Mai, 1978: 210, fig. 97 (type locali-
ty: northwestern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT)
Species inquiranda et incertae sedis
Vanmanenia ventrosquamata (Mai, 1978)
Homaloptera ventrosquamata Mai, 1978: 209, fig. 96 (type
locality: Vietnam: Cau River [Bac Thai, Bac Giang and
Bac Ninh provinces]; syntypes: DVZUT)
Vanmanenia crassicauda Kottelat, 2000
Vanmanenia crassicauda Kottelat, 2000a: 75, fig. 66 (type
locality: Laos: Houaphan Province: Houay Keap, water-
fall adjacent to road on creek entering Nam Xam at km 5
on road from Xam Tai to Ban Houatangoua; 20°01'00"N
104°35'44"E; holotype: ZRC 45390)
? Vanmanenia microlepis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 578, fig. 20
(type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong Tho
district: Nam So stream [Song Da drainage]; holotype:
NCNTTSI)
Vanmanenia hainanensis Chen & Zheng, in Zheng &
Chen, 1980
Vanmanenia hainanensis Chen & Zheng, in Zheng & Chen,
1980: 93, fig. 4 (type locality: China: Hainan: mountain
stream of Chang Jiang in Qiongzhong Xian; syntypes:
IHB 76V9142, 9168, 9173–9179 [9], DBJU 76V9181,
9183, 9185, 9188, 9190, 9191 [6])
Vanmanenia serrilineata Kottelat, 2000
Vanmanenia serrilineata Kottelat, 2000a: 76, fig. 68 (type
locality: Laos: Louangnamtha Province: Nam Tha at Ban
Finho, about 14 km north of Luang Nam Tha; 21°04'44"N
101°24'09"E; holotype: ZRC 45392)
? Vanmanenia monofasciodorsalata Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a:
574, fig. 18 (type locality: Vietnam: Dien Bien Province:
Nam Rom River; holotype: NCNTTSI; spelt monofas-
ciodorsala p. 574, fig. 18, 577, monofasciodossalata p.
574, monofasciodorsalata p. 689, first reviser [Kottelat,
2012d: 72] selected monofasciodorsalata as the correct
original spelling)
? Vanmanenia trifasciodorsalata Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 576,
fig. 19 (type locality: Vietnam: Dien Bien Province: Nam
Rom River; holotype: NCNTTSI; spelt trifasciodorsala
p. 268, 575, triofasciodossalata p. 576, trifaseudorsala
p. 576, fig. 19, trifasciodorsalata p. 689, first reviser
[Kottelat, 2012d: 73] selected trifasciodorsalata as the
correct original spelling)
Vanmanenia striata Chen, 1980
Vanmanenia striata Chen, 1980a: 101, fig. 2 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: Yuanjiang [Red River], Xiaguan Shi;
syntypes: IHB 585280–285, 446, 450, 480, 482, 646483–
485 [13])
Family SERPENTICOBITIDAE
Serpenticobitidae Kottelat, 2012
Serpenticobitinae Nalbant, 2002: pl. 7 (not available, no ex-
plicitly indicated as intentionally new, Code art. 16.1, no
type genus cited, art. 16.2)
Serpenticobitidae Kottelat, 2012d: 73 (type genus: Serpenti-
cobitis Roberts, 1997a: 109)
Serpenticobitis Roberts, 1997
Serpenticobitis Roberts, 1997a: 109 (type species: Serpenti-
cobitis octozona Roberts, 1997a: 112, by original desig-
nation). Gender feminine.
Bangfaia Kottelat, 1998a: 96, fig. 134 (name published by
inadvertence [existed in manuscript, corrected in proofs
after receiving description of Serpenticobitis, but some
mentions were overlooked], no type species designated,
nomen nudum)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
198
Serpenticobitis cingulata Roberts, 1997
Serpenticobitis cingulata Roberts, 1997a: 113, fig. 6 (type
locality: Thailand: Loei Province [actually Chiang Rai
Province]: Huay Ngao where it enters Mekong main-
stream, 1 km south of Ban Chaem Pong, about 30 km
south of Chiang Khong; holotype: CAS 95170)
Serpenticobitis octozona Roberts, 1997
Serpenticobitis octozona Roberts, 1997a: 112, fig. 5 (type
locality: Laos: Attapeu Province: Xe Nam Noi, eastern
slope of Bolavens Plateau, about 3 km downstream from
ferry crossing road Saravan to Attapeu and 30 km from
Ban Nam Tang; holotype: CAS 95165)
Serpenticobitis zonata Kottelat, 1998
Serpenticobitis zonata Kottelat, 1998a: 92, fig. 135 (type
locality: Laos: Khammouan Province: Xe Bangfai basin:
about 3 km upriver of Ban Pakphanang; 17°24'20"N
104°45'50"E; holotype: ZRC 41810)
Family NEMACHEILIDAE
Nemacheilidae Regan, 1911
Nemacheilinae Regan, 1911: 31 (type genus: Nemacheilus
Bleeker, 1863a: 37)
Adiposiidae Jordan, 1923: 145 (type genus: Adiposia An-
nandale & Hora, 1920: 182)
Lefuini Prokofiev, 2010: 890 (type genus: Lefua Herzenstein,
1888: 3)
Yunnanilini Prokofiev, 2010: 890 (type genus: Yunnanilus
Nichols, 1925b: 1)
Triplophysini Prokofiev, 2010: 892 (type genus: Triplophy-
sa Rendahl, 1933: 21 [indicated as "Triple-space Rendahl,
1933" [probably a software problem], treated as an in-
correct subsequent spelling of Triplophysa])
Species inquirenda et incertae sedis
Nemacheilus blythii Day, 1870a: 552 (type locality: unknown;
syntypes: ZSI A.960 [2, lost], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976:
156; noun in genitive, indeclinable)
Aborichthys Chaudhuri, 1913
Aborichthys Chaudhuri, 1913: 244 (type species: Aborich-
thys kempi Chaudhuri, 1913: 245, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Aborichthys kempi Chaudhuri, 1913
Aborichthys kempi Chaudhuri, 1913: 245, pl. 7 figs. 1–1b
(type locality: N.E. India: Abor Hills: Egar Stream be-
tween Renging and Rotung / Dihang River near Yem-
bung / Sirpo River near Renging; syntypes: ZSI F 7721/
1–7723/1 [3], ZSI F 7725/1–7727/1 [3], ZSI 7769/1–
7770/1 [2], ZSI F 7778/1–7779/1 & 7878/1–7879/1 &
8297/1–8298/1 [8], Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 119)
Acanthocobitis Peters, 1861
Acanthocobitis Peters, 1861: 712 (type species: Acanthoco-
bitis longipinnis Peters, 1861: 712, by monotypy). Gen-
der feminine.
? Paracanthocobitis Grant, 2007c: 3 [2007d: unnumbered
p. 51] (type species: Cobitis zonalternans Blyth, 1860b:
172, by original designation). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. With the published information, the char-
acters mentioned to diagnose Paracanthocobitis do not jus-
tify a name (Kottelat, 2012b: 51, 2012d: 74). It is, however,
possible that a proper study could show that A. pavonaceus
(a supposed senior synonym of A. longipinnis, type species
of Acanthocobitis) is not congeneric with the other species
currently placed in Acanthocobitis.
[Cobitis pavonacea M'Clelland, 1839: 305, 437, pl. 52 fig. 1 (type locality:
India: Assam; syntypes: ? SMF 68 [1], 9070 [1], 9090–9091 [2], Grant,
2007c: 2, fig. 5, Eschmeyer, 2010)].
[Acanthocobitis longipinnis Peters, 1861: 712 (type locality: India: Ganges;
holotype: ZMB 4795, Grant, 2007c: 1, fig. 1)].
Acanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822)
Cobitis botia Hamilton, 1822: 350, 394 (type locality: India:
"northeastern parts of Bengal" [Brahmaputra River at
Goalpara; Hora, 1929: 318, 1935a: 49]; types: NT; Hamil-
ton's unpublished figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839:
pl. 51 fig. 4)
Cobitis turio Hamilton, 1822: 358, 395 (type locality: India:
Brahmaputra River [at Goalpara; Hora, 1935: 49]; types:
NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced in
M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 52 fig. 7; simultaneous subjective
synonym of Cobitis botia Hamilton, 1822: 350, first re-
viser [Hora, 1935a: 52] gave precedence to C. botia)
Cobitis bilturio Hamilton, 1822: 358, 395 (type locality: In-
dia: "along with the 10th species" [C. turio; Brahmaputra
at Goalpara; Hora, 1935: 49]; types: NT; Hamilton's un-
published figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 51
fig. 6; simultaneous subjective synonym of Cobitis botia
Hamilton, 1822: 350, first reviser [Günther, 1868a: 349]
gave precedence to C. botia; simultaneous subjective
synonym of Cobitis turio Hamilton, 1822: 358, first re-
viser [Kottelat, 2012d: 75] gave precedence to C. turio)
Cobitis bimucronata M'Clelland, 1839: 304, 435, pl. 51 fig.
4 (unnecessary replacement name for Cobitis botia Hamil-
ton, 1822: 350)
Cobitis ocellata M'Clelland, 1839: 304, 436, pl. 51 fig. 6
(unnecessary replacement name for Cobitis bilturio
Hamilton, 1822: 358)
Cobitis gibbosa M'Clelland, 1839: 304, 436, pl. 52 fig. 7
(unnecessary replacement name for Cobitis turio Hamil-
ton, 1822: 358)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
199
Cobitis monocera M'Clelland, 1839: 305, 438, pl. 52 fig. 2
(type locality: India: Assam; types: LU)
Cobites argentata Swainson, 1839: 310 (available by indi-
cation to Hamilton, 1822: 358, No. 10 [which is Cobitis
turio]; type locality: India: Brahmaputra River [at Goal-
para; Hora, 1935: 49]; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished
figure reproduced in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 52 fig. 7)
Canthophrys unispina Swainson, 1839: 311 (available by
indication to Hamilton, 1822: 350 [which is Cobitis botia];
type locality: India: "northeastern parts of Bengal"
[Brahmaputra River at Goalpara; Hora, 1929b: 318, 1935:
49]; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced
in M'Clelland, 1839: pl. 51 fig. 4)
Cobitis arenata Valenciennes, in Jacquemont, 1839: pl. 15
fig. 1 (type locality: Inde; holotype: MNHN 3811, Fang,
1943: 404, Daget, 1984: 512])
Nemachilus mackenziei Chaudhuri, 1910: 183 (type locali-
ties: India: Uttar Pradesh: Cheriyadang near Kathgodam /
Jaulasal in Naini Tal District / Bengal: Jharai and Jam-
wari Nadi near Siripur, Saran / Jhil at Purnahia, P. O. Ghorasan,
Champaran District; syntypes [12]: ZSI F
2017/1 [1], ZSI
F 4170/1–4171/1 [2], ZSI F 4172/1–4173/1 [2], Menon
& Yazdani, 1968: 123)
Acanthocobitis mandalayensis (Rendahl, 1948)
Nemacheilus rubidipinnis mandalayensis Rendahl, 1948: 21,
figs. 7 A–B (type locality: Burma: Mandalay; holotype:
NRM 13179 [ex MAL/1935139.3179], Kottelat, 1990e:
30])
Acanthocobitis pictilis Kottelat, 2012
Acanthocobitis pictilis Kottelat, 2012b: 45, figs. 1 (type lo-
cality: Myanmar: Kayin State: stream 'Chon Son' between
Kyondaw and Phadaw, about 20 km northwest of
Payathouzu (at border with Thailand near Chedi Sam Ong,
Three Pagoda Pass); approx 15°25'N 98°15'E; holotype:
MHNG 2727.066)
Acanthocobitis rubidipinnis (Blyth, 1860)
Cobitis rubidipinnis Blyth, 1860b: 170 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Rangoon [original type locality: Burma: Tenasserim
provinces]; neotype: NRM 13743 [ex NRM MAL
1935809.3743], designated by Kottelat, 1990e: 35)
Cobitis semizonata Blyth, 1860b: 171 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Rangoon [original type locality: Burma: Tenasserim
provinces]; neotype: NRM 13743 [ex MAL/
1935809.3743], designated by Kottelat, 1990e: 35; si-
multaneous objective synonym of Cobitis rubidipinnis
Blyth, 1860b: 170, first reviser [apparently Day, 1878:
614] gave precedence to C. rubidipinnis)
Acanthocobitis zonalternans (Blyth, 1860)
? Cobitis chlorosoma M'Clelland, 1839: 305, 437, pl. 52 fig. 3
(type locality: India: Upper Assam; types: LU)
Cobitis zonalternans Blyth, 1860b: 172 (type locality: Thai-
land: Tak Province: Huai Mae Charno, 4 km south of
Amphoe Mae Ramat, 16°58'N 98°34'E [original type lo-
cality: Burma: Tenasserim provinces]; neotype: ZSM
27468, designated by Kottelat, 1990e: 42)
Noemacheilus phuketensis Klausewitz, 1957a: 195, fig. 1,
pl. 18 fig. 1 (type locality: Thailand: Phuket Island; holo-
type: SMF 3966)
Taxonomic notes. Several species are presently confused
under this name.
Draconectes Kottelat, 2012
Draconectes Kottelat, 2012c: 342 (type species: Draconectes
narinosus Kottelat, 2012c: 342, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Draconectes narinosus Kottelat, 2012
Draconectes narinosus Kottelat, 2012c: 342, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Quang Ninh Province: Ha Long Bay:
island Dao Van Gio: phreatic lake in cave Dong Duc Tien,
20°50.34'N 107°16.77'E; holotype: MHNG 2730.080;
figure repeated in Kottelat, 2012e: 571)
Homatula Nichols, 1925
Homatula Nichols, 1925c: 2 (subgenus of Barbatula Linck,
1790: 38; type species: Nemacheilus potanini Günther,
1896: 20, by original designation). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. Usually identified as Paracobitis by Chi-
nese authors. Paracobitis is restricted to Southwest Asia.
[Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863a: 37 (type species: Cobitis malapterura Valen-
ciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 88, by original designation;
also in Bleeker, 1863c: 3). Gender feminine].
Homatula acuticephala (Zhou & He, 1993)
Paracobitis acuticephala Zhou & He, 1993: 5, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Eryuan County: Haixihai Lake
near Niujie; holotype: YU 784141)
Taxonomic notes. Possibly a junior synonym of H. anguil-
lioides according to Min et al. (2012: 89).
Homatula anguillioides (Zhu & Wang, 1985)
Paracobitis anguillioides Zhu & Wang, 1985: 210, figs. 1–4
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Eryuan County: Longtang
Spring, near Yousuo (26°N 99°50'E) [Mekong drainage];
holotype: NIG 820134 [now IHB 820134], Hu & Zhang,
2010: 55, fig. 4a)
Homatula disparizona Min, Yang & Chen, 2013
Homatula disparizona Min, Yang & Chen, 2013: 351, figs. 1–
2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Xichou County: Wens-
han City: Panlong River (Red River drainage);
21°21'03.6"N 104°36'47.1"E [erroneous, 23°21'23.1"N
104°37'06.4"E, X.-Y. Chen, in litt.]; holotype: KIZ
2012000623)
Homatula erhaiensis (Zhu & Cao, 1988)
Paracobitis erhaiensis Zhu & Cao, 1988: 95, figs. 1–2 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Wase, eastern bank of Erhai
Lake; holotype: IHB 64VI0012)
Homatula pycnolepis Hu & Zhang, 2010
Homatula pycnolepis Hu & Zhang, 2010: 52, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan Province: Jianchuan County:
Yangbi River, a tributary of upper Mekong, at Shaxi
Town; about 26°19'N 99°51'E; holotype: IHB 814045)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
200
Homatula wuliangensis Min, Yang & Chen, 2012
Homatula wuliangensis Min, Yang & Chen, 2012: 315, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Jingdong County: Pu-Er
City: "Wuliang Mountain (24°17'26.6"N 100°39'03.6"E
– 24°20'37.5"N 100°41'18.2"E, 1274–1781 masl)", Lan-
cang River [Mekong]; holotype: KIZ 2008008158)
Micronemacheilus Rendahl, 1944
Micronemacheilus Rendahl, 1944: 45 (subgenus of Nema-
cheilus Bleeker, 1863i: 37; type species: Nemacheilus
cruciatus Rendahl, 1944: 37, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Micronemacheilus cruciatus (Rendahl, 1944)
Nemacheilus cruciatus Rendahl, 1944: 37, fig. 19 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Thua Luu, 50 km SE of Hué; holotype:
NHMG)
Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863
Naunacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 1823c:
132 (nomen nudum)
Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 1823c:
133, 1824b: 376 (nomen nudum, Kottelat, 1987a: 371)
Naemacheilus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:
26 (nomen nudum, name cited in synonymy)
Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863i: 37 (type species: Cobitis fas-
ciata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 25,
by original designation; also in Bleeker, 1863m: 4,
pl. 103). Gender masculine.
Nemacheilos Kner, 1867: 366 (incorrect subsequent spelling)
Nematocheilos Kner, 1867: 366 (incorrect subsequent spell-
ing)
Nemachilus Günther, 1868a: 347 (unjustified emendation of
Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863i: 37). Gender masculine.
Modigliania Perugia, 1893a: 246 (type species: Modigliania
papillosa Perugia, 1893a: 246, by monotypy). Gender
feminine.
Pogononemacheilus Fowler, 1937: 158 (subgenus of Nema-
cheilus Bleeker, 1863i: 37; type species: Nemacheilus
masyae Smith, 1933a: 58, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. Noemacheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt is
a nomen nudum. As a curiosity, it is worth mentioning that
this spelling, which has been used to form numerous genus-
group names, is erroneous. The name is also spelt Nauna-
cheilus in the same work. Van Hasselt's text was not an arti-
cle but a letter he sent to Temminck. Several of the names in
the published letter are misspelt or have aberrant or multiple
spellings. Most likely the intended spelling was Naemacheilus
and a type setter probably confused the ligatures æ (ae) and
œ (oe) and it became printed oe. Some fonts also do not make
the difference. Nemacheilus or Næmacheilus has an obvious
etymology (νµα, nema, a thread; χεϊλος, keilos, a lip; Greek),
which Noemacheilus does not have.
Species inquirenda
Lepidocephalus weberi Ahl, 1922a: 32 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Benkulen; syntypes: ZMB 7670 [2,
lost ?], Paepke, 1995: 91)
Taxonomic notes. Species level identification will be possi-
ble only if the syntypes can be found, or after some nema-
cheilines are collected at the type locality and a neotype des-
ignated.
Nemacheilus arenicolus Kottelat, 1988
Nemacheilus arenicolus Kottelat, 1998a: 65, fig. 102 (type
locality: Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun ba-
sin: Nam Xot in Ban Nam Xot; 17°53'20"N 105°05'10"E;
holotype: ZRC 41790; originally proposed as adjective)
Nomenclatural notes. Words ending in -cola and meaning
'inhabitant of' are nouns and need not agree in gender. But
when proposed, arenicolus was explicitly proposed as an
adjective and therefore it has to agree in gender with the
genus name.
Nemacheilus banar Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Nemacheilus banar Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 135, figs. 1–2
(type locality: Vietnam: Kontum Province: middle Pako
River about 50 km north of Kontum; 14°39.6'N
107°46.98'E; holotype: ZFMK 28588)
Nemacheilus binotatus Smith, 1933
Nemacheilus binotatus Smith, 1933a: 61, pl. 1 fig. 4 (type
locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Mekhan, tribu-
tary of Meping, southwest of Doi Sutep; holotype: KUMF
167, Monkolprasit, 1969: 6)
Nemacheilus chrysolaimos (Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1846)
Cobitis chrysolaimos Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1846: 27, pl. 521 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; lec-
totype: MNHN 3961, designated by Kottelat, 1984c: 241)
Nemacheilus cleopatra Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Nemacheilus cleopatra Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 138, figs. 5–
6 (type locality: Vietnam: Gia Lai Province: Sol River
near Plao Ganong about 60 km south of Pleiku;
13°31.82'N 108°18.63'E; holotype: ZFMK 27155)
Nemacheilus elegantissimus Chin & Samat, 1992
Nemacheilus elegantissimus Chin & Samat, 1992: 26, fig. 2
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad Datu
District: Sungai Payau, a tributary of Sungai Segama,
Danum Valley Conservation Area; holotype: FMNH
100749)
Nemacheilus ornatissimus Doi, 1997: 16 (nomen nudum;
apparently lapsus for Nemacheilus elegantissimus Chin &
Samat, 1992: 26, fig. 1)
Nemacheilus fasciatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1846)
Noemacheilus fasciatus Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt,
1823c: 133, 1824b: 376 (nomen nudum, Kottelat, 1987a:
371)
Cobitis fasciata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1846: 25 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Buitenzorg
[Bogor]; holotype: MNHN B.2798, Kottelat, 1984c: 247,
fig. 18a [as lectotype], 1987a: 371, Roberts, 1993b: 26)
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201
Cobitis suborbitalis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1846: 26 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype:
MNHN 3930, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 96, Kottelat, 1984c:
250; simultaneous subjective synonym of Cobitis fascia-
ta Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846: 25, first
reviser [Bleeker, 1860j: 79] gave precedence to C. fas-
ciata)
? Nemacheilus jaklesii (Bleeker, 1852)
Cobitis Jaklesii Bleeker, 1852r: 604 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Sumatra: Pajacombo [Payakumbuh]; lectotype:
RMNH 7055, designated by Alfred, 1961a: 33)
Nemacheilus kapuasensis Kottelat, 1984
Noemacheilus kapuasensis Kottelat, 1984c: 244, fig. 16 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: rocky
channel in main stream of Sungai Pinoh at Nanga Saian,
45 km south of Nangapinoh, 0°43'S 11°83'E; holotype:
MZB 4004)
Nemacheilus longipectoralis Popta, 1905
Nemachilus longipectoralis Popta, 1905a: 182 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Upper Ma-
hakam; lectotype: RMNH 7641, designated by Kottelat,
1984c: 239; also in Popta, 1906: 198, pl. 10 fig. 42)
Nemacheilus longipinnis Ahl, 1922
Nemachilus longipinnis Ahl, 1922a: 31 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Central Sumatra [upper and middle sections of
Rokan Kanan, Rokan Kiri and Siak drainages ("Sultan-
ate of Siak" [Kabupaten Siak, Riau Province, Sumatra]
and "Rokan states"; Moszkowski, 1909a–b: maps]; ho-
lotype: ZMB 20547; potentially junior secondary hom-
onym of Acanthocobitis longipinnis Peters, 1861: 712 if
treated as valid in Nemacheilus, which has apparently
never been done)
Nemacheilus lactogeneus Roberts, 1989: 107, fig. 82 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas
mainstream 58 km northeast of Sintang and 1 km down-
stream from Sebruang, 0°25.5'N 111°52.5'E; holotype:
MZB 3542)
Nemacheilus longistriatus Kottelat, 1990
Nemacheilus longistriatus Kottelat, 1990e: 51, fig. 26 (type
locality: Thailand: Loei Province: Mekong main stream
between Chiang Khan (17°50'N 101°45'E) to 70 km
downstream; holotype: CAS 62547)
Nemacheilus marang Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2010
Nemacheilus marang Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2010: 41, figs. 2–
3 (type locality: Indonesia: Kalimantan Timur: Kabupa-
ten, Kutai Timur: Kecamatan Kelai: Tepian Langsat vil-
lage, Sungai Marang (1°42.465'N 117°45.549'E),
Bengalon drainage; holotype: MZB 13301)
Nemacheilus masyae Smith, 1933
Nemacheilus masyae Smith, 1933a: 58, fig. 3, pl. 1 fig. 3
(type locality: Thailand: Nakhon Sritamarat: Ban Ta Yai,
Tadi stream; holotype: KUMF 714; masyae is correct
original spelling [Code art. 31.1.1 and Example], masyai
is either an incorrect subsequent spelling or an unjusti-
fied emendation)
Nemacheilus olivaceus Boulenger, 1894
Nemachilus olivaceus Boulenger, 1894a: 250 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Bongon; lectotype: BMNH
1893.5.30.63, designated by Kottelat, 1984c: 234)
Nemacheilus ornatus Kottelat, 1990
Nemacheilus ornatus Kottelat, 1990e: 61, fig. 34 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Surat Thani Province: Khlong Sok at
Ban Khlong Sok, 8°49'N 98°35'E [contra Eschmeyer,
2010, "L. Sonkphan" in original description is not a lake
but the name of one of the collectors]; holotype: ZRC
38466 [was on loan as ZSM 27469])
Nemacheilus pallidus Kottelat, 1990
Nemacheilus pallidus Kottelat, 1990e: 63, fig. 36 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Lampang Province: Mae Nam Yom ba-
sin: Huai Mae Phlung from Ban Pong [18°42'N 99°58'E]
to 17 km upstream; holotype: ZRC 38468 [was on loan
as ZSM 27470])
Nemacheilus papillos Tan & Kottelat, 2009
Nemacheilus papillos Tan & Kottelat, 2009: 53, fig. 40 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Sumatera Selatan: Sungai
Sentang near Desa Sukajaya, about 5 km from road (turn-
off at about 12 km on road from Bayung Lencir to Jam-
bi); holotype: MZB 10994)
? Nemacheilus papillosus (Perugia, 1893)
Modigliania papillosa Perugia, 1893a: 246 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Balighe, Lake Toba; syntypes:
MCSNG 9230 [6], ZMA 112.874 [2], Tortonese, 1961:
188, Nijssen et al., 1993: 214)
Nemacheilus paucimaculatus Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011
Nemacheilus paucimaculatus Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011b:
201, figs. 1–2 (type locality: Malaysia: Johor: tributary
of Segamat River upstream of Segamat, 2°28'47"N
103°05'13"E; holotype: ZRC 52361)
Nemacheilus pfeifferae (Bleeker, 1853)
Cobitis Pfeifferi Bleeker, 1853f: 298 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Sumatra: Lake Meninju [Maninjau]; lectotype:
RMNH 7053, designated by Alfred, 1961a: 34; incorrect
original spelling, as species is explicitly named for Mrs.
Ida Pfeiffer, must be emended to pfeifferae, Code arts.
31.1.2, 31.1.3)
Nemachilus dunckeri Ahl, 1922a: 30 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Sumatra: Padang; holotype: ZMB 20546)
Nemacheilus platiceps Kottelat, 1990
Nemacheilus platiceps Kottelat, 1990e: 66, figs. 38–39 (type
locality: Vietnam: Trang Bom; holotype: NRM 15095)
Nemacheilus saravacensis Boulenger, 1894
Nemachilus saravacensis Boulenger, 1894a: 251 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Senah; lectotype:
BMNH 1893.3.6.277, designated by Kottelat, 1984c: 236)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
202
Nemacheilus selangoricus Duncker, 1904
Nemachilus selangoricus Duncker, 1904: 175 (type locality:
Malaysia: surroundings of Kuala Lumpur; lectotype:
ZMH 386 [formerly 8464], designated by Ladiges et al.,
1958: 159)
Nemachilus kuiperi de Beaufort, 1939: 190, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Billiton [Belitung]; lectotype: ZMA
112.889, designated by Kottelat, 1984c: 255)
Nemacheilus trans-lineatus Fowler, 1939: 63, fig. 13 (type
locality: Thailand: waterfall at Trang; holotype: ANSP
68493; incorrect original spelling, must be emended to
translineatus, Code art. 32.5.2.3)
Nemacheilus spiniferus Kottelat, 1984
Noemacheilus spiniferus Kottelat, 1984c: 250, fig. 20 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Fourth Division:
Sungai Liam, tributary of Baram River, 3°19'N 114°45'E;
holotype: ROM 39890)
Nemacheilus tebo Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009
Nemacheilus tebo Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009a: 120, fig. 3 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Berau
Regency, Kelai District, Merapun Village, Lake Tebo area,
a pond at mouth of west cave, 17°00'13"N 54°10'54"E;
holotype: MZB 13367)
Nemacheilus troglocataractus Kottelat & Géry, 1989
Nemacheilus troglocataractus Kottelat & Géry, 1989: 273,
fig. 1 (type locality: Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province:
Tham Sai Yok Noi, 3 km north-northwest of Nam Tok;
14°15'N 99°04'E; holotype: MHNG 2407.54)
Nemacheilus tuberigum Hadiaty & Siebert, 2001
Nemacheilus tuberigum Hadiaty & Siebert, 2001: 183, fig. 1
(type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh Selatan: Keca-
matan Kluet Selatan, Desa Pucuk Lembang, Gunung
Leuser National Park, forest stream tributary to Sungai
Lembang; holotype: MZB 9356)
Neonoemacheilus Zhu & Guo, 1985
Neonoemacheilus Zhu & Guo, 1985: 321 (type species Ne-
macheilus labeosus Kottelat, 1982b: 169, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Infundibulatus Menon, 1987: 177 (subgenus of Nemachei-
lus Bleeker, 1863i: 37; type species: Nemacheilus peguen-
sis Hora, 1929b: 321, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Neonoemacheilus labeosus (Kottelat, 1982)
Noemacheilus labeosus Kottelat, 1982b: 169, fig. 1 (type
locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Salween
River at Mae Sahm Leap, 17°59'N 97°44'E; holotype:
USNM 230060)
Neonoemacheilus mengdingensis Zhu & Guo, in Zhu, 1989
Neonoemacheilus mengdingensis Zhu & Guo, in Zhu, 1989:
67, fig. 46 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Gengmaxian
County: Nanding River near Mengding [Salween drain-
age]; holotype: NGI 806206)
? Neonoemacheilus morehensis Arunkumar, 2000
Neonoemacheilus morehensis Arunkumar, 2000a: 44, fig. 1
(type locality: India: Manipur: Lokchao River at Moreh,
110 km south of Imphal [Chindwin drainage]; holotype:
MUMF F 620/1A)
Neonoemacheilus peguensis (Hora, 1929)
Nemachilus peguensis Hora, 1929b: 321, pl. 14 figs. 1–2
(type locality: Burma: Pegu Yoma range; holotype: ZSI
F 11057/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 123)
Oreonectes Günther, 1868
Oreonectes Günther, 1868a: 369 (type species: Oreonectes
platycephalus Günther, 1868a: 369, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Octonema Martens, 1869a: 608 (subgenus of Homaloptera
van Hasselt, 1823c: 133; type species: Homaloptera ro-
tundicauda Martens, 1869a: 608, by monotypy). Gender
neuter.
Oreonectes platycephalus Günther
Oreonectes platycephalus Günther, 1868a: 369 (type locali-
ty: China: Hongkong Mountains; syntypes: BMNH
1848.7.12.6–7 [2], 1855.3.27.16–18 [3], 1858.9.19.155–
173 [19], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Homaloptera rotundicauda Martens, 1869a: 608 (type lo-
cality: China: Hong Kong; holotype: ZMB 6842)
Oreonectes yenlingi Lin, 1932b: 380 (type locality: China:
Kwangtung [Guangdong]: Canton: White Cloud Moun-
tain; holotype: FESC 1098)
Petruichthys Menon, 1987
Petruichthys Menon, 1987: 181 (subgenus of Nemacheilus
Bleeker, 1863i: 37; type species: Nemachilus brevis
Boulenger, 1893: 203, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Ealier considered to be a synonym of
Yunnanilus.
[Yunnanilus Nichols, 1925c: 1 (subgenus of Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863i:
37; type species: Nemacheilus pleurotaenia Regan, 1904a: 192, by sub-
sequent designation by Norman, 1926: 31). Gender masculine].
Species incertae sedis et inquirenda
Petruichthys salmonides (Chaudhuri, 1911)
Nemachilus salmonides Chaudhuri, 1911b: 18, pl. 1 figs. 3–
3a (type locality: China: Yunnan: Tengyueh District:
Mongpan [Mengban, 23°07'N 100°23'N, Mekong drain-
age; Coggin Brown, 1910]; holotype: ZSI F 4732/1,
Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 124)
Taxonomic notes. Usually considered to be a synonym of
Yunnanilus pleurotaenia, which seems unlikely considering
the usually very restricted ranges of Yunnanilus species and
the widely disjunct range. Also the original description shows
a very different fish.
[Nemachilus pleurotaenia Regan, 1904a: 192 (type locality: China: Yun-
nan: Sea of Tien at Yunnan Fu [Lake Dianchi, Kunming]; lectotype:
BMNH 1904.1.26.36, designated by Kottelat & Chu, 1988b: 82)].
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203
Petruichthys brevis (Boulenger, 1893)
Nemachilus brevis Boulenger, 1893: 203 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Southern Shan States: Inlé Lake, Fort Stedman; lec-
totype: BMNH 1893.6.30.83, designated by Kottelat &
Chu, 1988b: 79)
Physoschistura Banarescu & Nalbant, in Singh, Sen, Ba-
narescu & Nalbant, 1982
Physoschistura Banarescu & Nalbant, in Singh, Sen, Banares-
cu & Nalbant, 1982: 208 (type species: Nemacheilus brun-
neanus Annandale, 1918: 45, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Physoschitura brunneana (Annandale, 1918)
Nemachilus brunneanus Annandale, 1918: 44, pl. 2 fig. 2
(type locality: Burma: Yawnghwe Valley and Inlé Lake;
holotype: ZSI F 9406/1, probably lost, Lokeshwor & Vish-
wanath, 2012d: 254)
Physoschistura chindwinensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath,
2012
Physoschistura chindwinensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath,
2012a: 231, fig. 1 (India: Manipur: Lokchao River at
Moreh [Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype: MUMF 11077)
Physoschistura pseudobrunneana Kottelat, 1982
Physoschistura pseudobrunneana Kottelat, 1990e: 81, fig. 49
(type locality: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Nam Mae
Lao at km 62 and 65 along road from Chiang Mai to Chiang
Rai; holotype: ZRC 38473 [was on loan as ZSM 27471])
Physoschistura raoi (Hora, 1929)
Nemachilus raoe Hora, 1929b: 332, pl. 15 figs. 7–8 (type
locality: Burma: Northern Shan States: Mongyai [22°26'N
98°03'E]; holotype: ZSI F 11062/1, Menon & Yazdani,
1968: 124; incorrect original spelling, must be emended
to raoi, Code art. 31.1.2)
Physoschistura rivulicola (Hora, 1929)
Nemachilus rivulicola Hora, 1929b: 324, pl. 15 figs. 3–4 (type
locality: Burma: Southern Shan States: Yawnghwe Val-
ley and He-Ho plain; holotype: ZSI F 11060/1)
Nomenclatural notes. Words ending in -cola and meaning
'inhabitant of' are nouns and indeclinable.
Physoschistura shanensis (Hora, 1929)
Nemachilus shanensis Hora, 1929b: 322, fig. 2, pl. 15 figs. 5–
6 (type locality: Burma: Southern Shan States: Thale-ú
stream near Fort Stedman; holotype: ZSI F 11058/1, prob-
ably lost, Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2012d: 254)
Physoschistura tigrina Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2012
Physoschistura tigrinum Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2012c:
97, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Ukhrul district:
Phungrei, Changa River, Chindwin system; 25°12'26"N
94°31'35"E; holotype: MUMF 11051)
Physoschistura yunnaniloides Chen, Kottelat & Neely, 2011
Physoschistura yunnaniloides Chen, Kottelat & Neely, 2011:
180, fig. 1 (type locality: Myanmar: Sagaing Division:
Kalemyo fish markets [Kalaymio, 23°11'20"N
94°04'00"E; Chindwin drainage]; holotype: CAS 88871)
Protonemacheilus Yang & Chu, 1990
Protonemacheilus Yang & Chu, 1990: 109 (type species:
Protonemacheilus longipectoralis Yang & Chu, 1990:
110, by original designation; spelt Protenemacheilus
p. 109, an inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spell-
ing [Code art. 32.5.1]). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Possibly a junior synonym of Physoschis-
tura or senior synonym of Pteronemacheilus.
Protonemacheilus longipectoralis Yang & Chu, 1990
Protonemacheilus longipectoralis Yang & Chu, 1990: 110,
fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Luxi County: Mu-
kang, Fangmaqiao River, 24°30'N 98°37'E [Dehong Pre-
fecture; Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype: KIZ 193001724
[8310110])
Pteronemacheilus Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011
Pteronemacheilus Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011a: 5 (type spe-
cies: Pteronemacheilus lucidorsum Bohlen & Šlechtová,
2011: 6, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Pteronemacheilus lucidorsum Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011
Pteronemacheilus lucidorsum Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011a:
5, figs. 4–5 (type locality: Myanmar: Shan State: stream
Nam Paw west of Hsipaw city; 22°37'37"N 97°17'19"E
[Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype: ZRC 52039)
Pteronemacheilus meridionalis (Zhu, 1982)
Nemachilus meridionalis Zhu, 1982a: 108, fig. 5 (type lo-
cality: China: Yunnan: Mengla County: Menglun; holo-
type: NPIB 780503 [780530, p. 111])
Schistura McClelland, 1838
Schistura McClelland, 1838: 944, 947 (type species: Schis-
tura rupecula McClelland, 1838: 948, by subsequent
designation by Jordan, 1919a: 195; also in M'Clelland,
1839: 306, 439). Gender feminine.
Acoura Swainson, 1839: 310 (subgenus of Cobitis Linnaeus,
1758: 303; type species: Cobitis obscura Swaison, 1839:
310, by subsequent designation by Swain, 1883: 281; spelt
Acourus on pp. 190, first reviser [Jordan, 1919a: 204]
gave precedence to Acoura; as there is no etymology can-
not be treated as an inadvertent error) Gender feminine.
Acura Agassiz, 1846: 7 (unjustified emendation of Acoura
Swainson, 1839: 310). Gender feminine.
? Longischistura Banarescu & Nalbant, 1995: 444 (type spe-
cies: Nemacheilus striatus Day, 1867b: 347, by original
designation). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. Schistura chindwinica was originally de-
scribed from Chindwin drainage in Manipur but is not in-
cluded here. Vishwanath & Nebeshwar (2004: 329) showed
that the species does not occur in the Chindwin drainage but
in Brahmaputra drainage.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
204
The description of Longischistura is accompanied by
neither a diagnosis nor a discussion and it is impossible to
know why the characters mentioned would diagnose a dis-
tinct lineage; at best they seem to be autapomorphies. In ad-
dition, there is no clear indication of what material was ex-
amined.
Nomenclatural notes. Two species were originally includ-
ed in Schistura: S. rupecula and S. montana. Schistura is a
feminine noun because it ends with the Greek word
ουρ
(tail),
which is feminine. Further, the species names rupecula and
montana are adjectives with feminine ending and also indi-
cate that the genus name was meant to be feminine (see also
under S. rupecula).
Schistura rupecula first appeared in McClelland (1838).
It was repeated in M'Clelland (1839: 309, 441). The erratum
sheet in the second work includes a correction of rupecula
into rupicola. Such a correction would have been valid only
if included in the original description. The correction was
linguistically correct but for nomenclature, formally, it is an
unjustified emendation.
Names ending in -cola (of which -cula is a misspelling)
are nouns; they are often mistaken as adjectives. McClel-
land (1838) did not indicate if it was an noun or an adjective
and this is not apparent from the species account alone; there-
fore it could be considered to be a noun in apposition (Code
art. 31.2.2). But elsewhere in both the 1838 and 1839 works
M'Clelland described a Gonorhynchus rupeculus, in which
rupeculus is an adjective. I take this as an indication that, in
Schistura too, rupecula is an adjective.
[Nemacheilus chindwinicus Tilak & Husain, 1990: 51, figs. 1–5 (type local-
ity: India: Manipur: tributary stream of Chindwin [erroneous; India:
Manipur: Brahmaputra basin: Barak drainage, Lankha stream, a tribu-
tary of Irang River; Vishwanath & Nebeshwar, 2004: 329]; holotype:
ZSI/NRS F 613)].
[Schistura rupecula McClelland, 1838: 948, pl. 55 fig. 3 (type locality: In-
dia: Himachal Pradesh: Simla [Shimla, 31°06'12"N 77 10'20"E]; syn-
types: SMF 8993 [6]; also in M'Clelland, 1839: 309, 441, erratum)].
[Schistura rupicola M'Clelland, 1839: erratum (unjustified emendation of
Schistura rupecula McClelland, 1838: 948)].
Species incertae sedis
Schistura sonlaensis (Nguyen, Nguyen & Hoang, 2010)
Oreias sonlaensis Nguyen [T. H.], Nguyen [V. H.] & Hoang,
2010: 45, fig. 1 (type locality: Vietnam: Son La Prov-
ince: Son La District: Chieng Xom commune [about
21°24'N 103°56'E], lake Born Hau [apparently a resur-
gence], in Song Da drainage; holotype: NCNTTSI (?)
SL.08.11.001)
Taxonomic notes. Originally described in Oreias, which in
other papers of the authors mainly corresponds to Schistura.
The data in the original description does not allow to decide
on generic position.
Species incertae sedis
Schistura trilineata (Nguyen, Nguyen & Hoang, 2010)
Oreias trilineatus Nguyen [T. H.], Nguyen [V. H.] & Hoang,
2010: 47, fig. 2 (type locality: Vietnam: Son La Prov-
ince: Son La District: Chieng Xom commune [about
21°24'N 103°56'E], lake Born Hau [apparently a resur-
gence], in Song Da drainage; holotype: ? NCNTTSI
SL.08.11.011)
Taxonomic notes. Originally described in Oreias, which in
other papers of the authors mainly corresponds to Schistura.
The data in the original description does not allow to decide
on generic position.
Schistura acuticephala (Hora, 1929)
Nemachilus acuticephalus Hora, 1929b: 328, pl. 14 figs. 5–
6 (type locality: Burma: Northern Shan States: Hsipaw
State: Monglong Subdivision: Hwe-gna-sang River, Pazi
Township [Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype: ZSI F
6675/1)
Schistura albirostris Chen & Neely, 2012
Schistura albirostris Chen & Neely, 2012: 222, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Tengchong County: Jie Tou
township: Longchuanjiang near Shuang Zhu Yuang vil-
lage, approximately 3 km upstream of Qiao Tou village
[Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype: KIZ 20060415122)
Nomenclatural notes. The species name albirostris was stat-
ed to be an "adjective in the feminine nominative singular".
In fact, it ends with the noun rostris and is a compound noun
that would have been indeclinable. This can no longer be
changed and, as an adjective, it must be declined.
Schistura alticrista Kottelat, 1990
Schistura alticrista Kottelat, 1990e: 98, fig. 68 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Salween basin: Mae Hong Son Province:
Mae La Ka, Huei Nong Heng, Tambon Muang Bon,
Amphoe Khum Yuan; holotype: ZRC 38469 [was on loan
as ZSM 27472])
Schistura amplizona Kottelat, 2000
Schistura amplizona Kottelat, 2000a: 54, fig. 24 (type local-
ity: Laos: Louangnamtha Province: Nam Tha at Ban Fin-
ho, about 14 km north of Luang Nam Tha; 21°04'44"N
101°24'09"E; holotype: ZRC 45321)
Schistura antennata Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Schistura antennata Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 140, figs. 8–9
(type locality: Vietnam: Ha Tinh Province: stream at Son
Kim; 18°24.25'N 105°11.10'E; holotype: ZFMK 27934)
Schistura aramis Kottelat, 2000
Schistura aramis Kottelat, 2000a: 54, fig. 25 (type locality:
Laos: Phongsali Province: Houay Chik, about 2 km east
of Muang Mai; 21°10'26"N 102°44'06"E, Mekong drain-
age; holotype: ZRC 45323)
Schistura athos Kottelat, 2000
Schistura athos Kottelat, 2000a: 55, fig. 26 (type locality:
Laos: Louangphabang Province: Houay Houn, about
3 km upstream of Ban Houay Lek, in gorges; approx.
20°32'32"N 102°40'51"E, Mekong drainage; holotype:
ZRC 45325)
Oreias punctatus Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 570, fig. 15 (type
locality: Vietnam: Dien Bien Province: Dien Bien dis-
trict: Nua Ngam, Nam Ngam stream, Mekong drainage;
holotype: NCNTTSI)
Schistura atra Kottelat, 1998
Schistura atra Kottelat, 1998a: 69, fig. 107 (type locality:
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
205
Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun basin: Upper
Nam Theun at 17°59'31"N 105°27'49"E, Mekong drain-
age; holotype: ZRC 41792)
Schistura aurantiaca Plongsesthee, Page & Beamish, 2011
Schistura aurantiaca Plongsesthee, Page & Beamish, 2011:
170, figs. 1–2 (type locality: Thailand: Kanchanaburi
Province: Thong Pha Phum, Mae Khlong basin, Kwai
Noi River system, Khayeng River at bridge on Route
3272, 14°39'35"N 98°32'01"E; holotype: UF 178532)
Schistura bachmaensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Schistura bachmaensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 143, figs. 11–
12 (type locality: Vietnam: Thua Thien Hue Province:
stream Suoi Voi at Thua Luu, 55 km south of Hue;
16°14.58'N 107°59.39'E; holotype: ZFMK 27942)
Schistura bairdi Kottelat, 2000
Schistura bairdi Kottelat, 2000a: 55, fig. 27 (type locality:
Laos: Champasak Province: Mekong mainstream at Ban
Hang Khone below Khone Falls; holotype: ZRC 45327)
Schistura balteata (Rendahl, 1948)
Nemacheilus balteatus Rendahl, 1948: 42, figs. 20–22 (type
locality: Burma: Tenasserim: Malwedaung; holotype:
NRM 14741)
Schistura bannaensis Chen, Yang & Qi, 2005
Schistura bannaensis Chen, Yang & Qi, 2005: 147, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla
County: Nanla River drainage; holotype: KIZ 200107)
Taxonomic notes. Possibly a synonym of or related to
S. crabro or S. hoai.
Schistura bella Kottelat, 1990
Schistura bella Kottelat, 1990e: 104, fig. 72 (type locality:
Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Mae Nam Fang, 35 km
south of Fang on road to Chiang Mai, Mekong drainage;
holotype: ZRC 38465 [was on loan as ZSM 27473])
Schistura bolavenensis Kottelat, 2000
Schistura bolavenensis Kottelat, 2000a: 56, fig. 28 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Champasak Province: Huay Makchan-Gnai
(Xe Nam Noy basin), south of Ban Taot, at turnoff to Xe
Nam Noy Project [Xe Namnoy dam site], on road from
Pakse to Attapu; 15°04'14"N 106°32'33"E, Mekong drain-
age; holotype: ZRC 45328)
Schistura breviceps (Smith, 1945)
Noemacheilus breviceps Smith, 1945: 308, fig. 63 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Menam Mao, a
tributary of Menam Fang, itself an affluent of Mekong;
holotype: USNM 177751)
Schistura bucculenta (Smith, 1945)
Noemacheilus bucculentus Smith, 1945: 326, fig. 74 (type
locality: Laos: Huey Nam Puat at Ban Nam Puat, Mekong
drainage; holotype: USNM 107942)
Schistura callichroma (Zhu & Wang, 1985)
Noemacheilus callichromus Zhu & Wang, 1985: 214, figs.
13–17 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Jingdong County:
Babianjiang River [Red River drainage], 24°20'N
100°10'E; holotype: NGI 810233)
Schistura callidora Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011
Schistura callidora Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011a: 2, figs. 1–2
(type locality: Myanmar: Shan State: mouth of Nam Paw
at confluence with Myit Nge River at Hsipaw city,
22°37'24"N 97°18'12"E [Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype:
ZRC 52037)
Schistura carbonaria Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Schistura carbonaria Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 145, figs. 14–
15 (type locality: Vietnam: Thua Thien Hue Province:
stream Khe Vinh An at Nam Dong village about 40 km
south of Hue; 16°11.58'N 107°43.76'E; holotype: ZFMK
26593)
Schistura cataracta Kottelat, 1998
Schistura cataracta Kottelat, 1998a: 70, fig. 109 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun, water-
fall at 18°01'40"N 104°58'54"E, Mekong drainage; ho-
lotype: ZRC 41793)
Schistura caudofurca (Mai, 1978)
Barbatula caudofurca Mai, 1978: 233, fig. 106 (type locali-
ty: Vietnam: Nam Cong, Song Ma; syntypes: DVZUT)
Noemacheilus laterivittatus Zhu & Wang, 1985: 213, figs. 9–
12 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Jingdong County: Ba-
bianjiang River [Red River drainage], 24°20'N
100°10'E; holotype: NGI 810205)
Schistura chapaensis (Rendahl, 1944)
Nemacheilus chapaensis Rendahl, 1944: 35, fig. 18 (type
locality: Vietnam: Lao Cai Province: Chapa [Sapa] in
Fansipan Range [Red River drainage]; holotype: NHMG)
Schistura cincticauda (Blyth, 1860)
Cobitis cincticauda Blyth, 1860b: 172 (type locality: Thai-
land: Tak Province: Amphoe Tha Song Yang, Huei
Jawang, Salween drainage [original type locality: Bur-
ma: Tenasserim provinces (Pegu according to Day, 1870b:
553)]; neotype: ZSM 27474, designated by Kottelat,
1990e: 118)
Schistura clatrata Kottelat, 2000
Schistura clatrata Kottelat, 2000a: 56, fig. 29 (type locality:
Laos: Xekong Province: Houay Cha Ngao, an east side
tributary of Xe Kong, entering it about 8 km upriver of
Muang Kaleum, Mekong drainage; 15°46'08"N
106°45'54"E; holotype: ZRC 45330)
Schistura conirostris (Zhu, 1982)
Nemachilus conirostris Zhu, 1982a: 104, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: China: Yunnan: Jinghong County, Lancang-jiang
drainage [Mekong]; holotype: NPIB 780464)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
206
Schistura coruscans Kottelat, 2000
Schistura coruscans Kottelat, 2000a: 57, fig. 30 (type local-
ity: Laos: Saisomboun Special Zone: Houay Sala Yai, a
tributary of Nam San, Mekong drainage; 18°35'17"N
103°05'00"E; holotype: ZRC 45332)
Schistura crabro Kottelat, 2000
Schistura crabro Kottelat, 2000a: 57, fig. 31 (type locality:
Laos: Bolikhamsai Province: Nam Ngiap, Mekong drain-
age; holotype: ZRC 45334)
Schistura cryptofasciata Chen, Kong & Yang, 2005
Schistura cryptofasciata Chen, Kong & Yang, 2005: 28, fig. 2
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Lincang Prefecture:
Yongde County: Great Snow Mountain township: Nant-
ing River (23°58"N 99°39'E), a tributary of Salween Riv-
er; holotype: KIZ 20026453)
Schistura dalatensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Schistura dalatensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 150, figs. 19–
20 (type locality: Vietnam: Lam Dong Province: Dai Tan
River about 30 km south of Da Lat; 11°46.64'N
108°19.28'E; holotype: ZFMK 23906)
Schistura daubentoni Kottelat, 1990
Schistura daubentoni Kottelat, 1990e: 118, fig. 85 (type lo-
cality: Cambodia: bridge on Prek Preas at km 369 on road
from Saigon to Stung Treng, near Ph Khsang Hong,
Mekong drainage, 13°09'N 106°09'E; holotype: MNHN
1988-0088)
Schistura deansmarti Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003
Schistura deansmarti Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003: 168,
fig. 6 (type locality: Thailand: Phitsanulok Province:
Thung Salaeng Luang National Park: Tham Phra Sai
Ngam cave, about 200 m from entrance; 16°37'23"N
100°39'47"E; holotype: NIFI 3152)
Schistura defectiva Kottelat, 2000
Schistura defectiva Kottelat, 2000a: 58, fig. 32 (type locali-
ty: Laos: Xiangkhouang Province: Nam Ngum at Ban
Phianglouang, Mekong drainage; 19°31'21"N
103°03'58"E; holotype: ZRC 45335)
Schistura desmotes (Fowler, 1934)
Nemacheilus desmotes Fowler, 1934a: 107, fig. 59 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Chiang Mai [Chao Phraya drainage];
holotype: ANSP 60082)
? Nemacheilus myrmekia Fowler, 1935a: 106, fig. 32 (type
locality: Thailand: Hua Hin Province: Keng Sok [about
20 km northwest of Hua Hin; near Ban Thung Luang,
12°41'N 99°51'E]; holotype: ANSP 63546)
Taxonomic notes. Schistura myrmekia was treated as a syn-
onym of S. desmotes by Kottelat (1990e: 120) and later
(2012d: 108) as a possible synonym. Singer & Page (2013)
treated it as distinct and conjectured that it might be extinct.
Schistura diminuta Ou, Montaña, Winemiller & Conway,
2011
Schistura diminuta Ou, Montaña, Winemiller & Conway,
2011: 194, fig. 1 (type locality: Cambodia: Stung Treng
province: Mekong River drainage, lower Sekong River
in Siem Pang district, 14º07'11.88"N 106º23'11.36"E;
holotype: ZRC 53105)
Schistura disparizona Zhou & Kottelat, 2005
Schistura disparizona Zhou & Kottelat, 2005: 17, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Cangyuan: Nangun River (a
Salween tributary), 0.5 km to Manglai on road from Ban-
hong to Mangku, 23°16.49'N 99°04.34'E; holotype:
SWFC 00203035)
Schistura dorsizona Kottelat, 1998
Schistura dorsizona Kottelat, 1998a: 73, fig. 112 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Khammouan Province: Xe Bangfai drain-
age: Nam Phao about 10 km upriver of Ban Nape,
Mekong drainage; approximately 18°22'N 105°08'E;
holotype: ZRC 41795)
Schistura dubia Kottelat, 1990
Schistura dubia Kottelat, 1990e: 123, fig. 89 (type locality:
Thailand: Phrae Province: Nam Mae Kham Mi, near Ban
Mae Krating, road from Nan to Phrae, km 66, Chao
Phraya drainage; 18°22'N 100°25'E; holotype: ZRC
38474 [was on loan as ZSM 27475])
Schistura ephelis Kottelat, 2000
Schistura ephelis Kottelat, 2000a: 59, fig. 33 (type locality:
Laos: Saisomboun Special Zone: Houay Sala Yai, a trib-
utary of Nam San, Mekong drainage; 18°35'17"N
103°05'00"E; holotype: ZRC 45337)
Schistura fasciolata (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Homaloptera fasciolata Nichols & Pope, 1927: 339, fig. 11
(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH
8365)
Nemachilus humilis Lin, 1932c: 515 (type locality: China:
Kweichow [Guizhou]: Yunkiang; holotype: BLG K.107)
Schistura finis Kottelat, 2000
Schistura finis Kottelat, 2000a: 59, fig. 34 (type locality: Laos:
Xiangkhouang Province: Nam Kan, a small creek mak-
ing the border between Laos and Vietnam at Ban Xay-
den, Nam Mo drainage [Song Ca]; 19°28'19"N
104°05'04"E; holotype: ZRC 45339)
Schistura fusinotata Kottelat, 2000
Schistura fusinotata Kottelat, 2000a: 60, fig. 35 (type local-
ity: Laos: Xekong Province: Nam Vi at ford downriver
(1.5 km NW) of Ban Kasang-Kan, Mekong drainage;
15°17'55"N 106°54'10"E; holotype: ZRC 45341; see also
Kottelat, 2005a: 65)
Schistura geisleri Kottelat, 1990
Schistura geisleri Kottelat, 1990e: 127, fig. 91 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Nam Mae Taeng at
Ban Mae Ta Man, Chao Phraya drainage; 19°12'N
98°53'E; holotype: ZRC 38475 [was on loan as ZSM
27476])
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
207
Schistura globiceps Kottelat, 2000
Schistura globiceps Kottelat, 2000a: 60, fig. 36 (type local-
ity: Laos: Louangnamtha Province: unnamed forest creek
tributary to Nam Talan, at about km 60 on road from
Oudomxai to Luang Nam Tha, about 3 km south of Ban
Nateuy, Mekong drainage; 20°59'56"N 101°39'47"E;
holotype: ZRC 45343)
? Schistura hagiangensis (Nguyen, 2005)
Paracobitis hagiangensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 565, fig. 12
(type locality: Vietnam: Ha Giang Province: Lo River, near
Ha Giang [Red River drainage]; holotype: NCNTTSI)
Taxonomic notes. Possibly a junior synonym of Schistura
incerta.
Schistura hingi (Herre, 1934)
Homaloptera hingi Herre, 1934c: 287 (type locality: China:
Hong Kong: mountain torrent at Pok Fu Lam; holotype:
CAS-SU 29086)
? Schistura hoai (Nguyen, 2005)
Oreias hoai Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 568, fig. 14 (type local-
ity: Vietnam: Dien Bien Province: Dien Bien district: Nua
Ngam, Nam Ngam stream, Mekong drainage; holotype:
NCNTTSI)
Taxonomic notes. The original description includes few in-
formative data and the accompanying figure is of very poor
quality. However, recent sampling in Laos very close to the
border with Vietnam and in the catchment of the same stream
as the type locality yielded a single nemacheilid species that
could match the figure in the original description, especially
the shape of the caudal fin, the shape of the black bar at its
base, and the bars in front of the dorsal fin much narrower
than those behind. This species had been earlier identified as
S. poculi (e.g. Kottelat, 2001b: 113), from which it differs by
details of the colour pattern and the shape of the black bar at
the base of the caudal fin.
Schistura huongensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Schistura huongensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 155, figs. 24–
25 (type locality: Vietnam: Thua Thien Hue Province:
stream Khe Vinh An at Nam Dong village, about 40 km
south of Hue; 16°11.58'N 107°43.76; holotype: ZFMK
26810)
Schistura imitator Kottelat, 2000
Schistura imitator Kottelat, 2000a: 61, fig. 37 (type locality:
Laos: Xekong Province: Xe Namnoy, rapids about 1 km
upriver of Tad Feak waterfall, Mekong drainage;
15°14'09"N 106°44'55"E; holotype: ZRC 45344)
Schistura implicata Kottelat, 2000
Schistura implicata Kottelat, 2000a: 62, fig. 38 (type locali-
ty: Laos: Houaphan Province: Nam Poun at confluence
with Nam Xang, downstream of Ban San, Nam Ma drain-
age; 20°19'25"N 104°31'36"E; holotype: ZRC 45346)
Schistura incerta (Nichols, 1931)
Barbatula incerta Nichols, 1931b: 458, fig. 2 (type locality:
China: Kwangtung [Guangdong]: Lung T'au Shaan, Tso
Tsz Hoh; holotype: AMNH 9690)
? Barbatula uniformis Mai, 1978: 235, fig. 107 (type locali-
ty: northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT)
Schistura irregularis Kottelat, 2000
Schistura irregularis Kottelat, 2000a: 62, fig. 39 (type local-
ity: Laos: Xiangkhouang Province: Nam Khan at Muang
Hian, Mekong drainage; 20°05'18"N 103°22'09"E; ho-
lotype: ZRC 45348)
Schistura isostigma Kottelat, 1998
Schistura isostigma Kottelat, 1998a: 76, fig. 114 (type local-
ity: Laos: Nam Leuk about 1 km downstream of conflu-
ence with Nam Ngang [error for Nam Gnong], Mekong
drainage; 18°22'03"N 103°06'03"E; holotype: ZRC
41797)
Schistura jarutanini Kottelat, 1990
Schistura jarutanini Kottelat, 1990c: 49, pl. 1 fig. 1 (type
locality: Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province: Amphoe Sri
Sawat, Tham Ba Dan [cave]; holotype: ZRC 38479 [was
on loan as ZSM 27171])
Schistura kangjupkhulensis (Hora, 1921)
Nemachilus kangjupkhulensis Hora, 1921a: 202, pl. 10
figs. 4–4a (type locality: India: Manipur: Yaribuk [Ir-
rawaddy drainage]; holotype: ZSI F 10060/1)
Schistura kaysonei Vidthayanon & Jaruthanin, 2002
Schistura kaysonei Vidthayanon & Jaruthanin, 2002: 18, fig. 1
(type locality: Laos: Khammouan Province: cave in Phu
Tham Nam, Ban Don Yom village in Khammouan karst,
between 18°45' and 18°30'N 104°45' and 105°E [appar-
ently erroneous, Phu Tham Nam is a hill at 17°29'00"N
104°54'00"E], Mekong drainage; holotype: NIFI 3131)
Schistura kengtungensis (Fowler, 1936)
Nemacheilus kengtungensis Fowler, 1936a: 509, fig. 1 (type
locality: Burma: Shan States: Loi Mwe [21°10'N 99°45'E],
Keng Tung [see Fowler, 1937: 125], Mekong drainage;
holotype: ANSP 64157)
Schistura khamtanhi Kottelat, 2000
Schistura khamtanhi Kottelat, 2000a: 63, fig. 40 (type local-
ity: Laos: Xekong Province: Houay Pao, a west side trib-
utary of Xe Kong, entering it about 16 km upriver of
Muang Kaleum, Mekong drainage; 15°50'17"N
106°45'40"E; holotype: ZRC 45349)
Schistura khugae Vishwanath & Shanta, 2004
Schistura macrocephalus Vishwanath & Shanta, 2004a: 138,
figs. 1–2 (type locality: India: Manipur: Churachandpur
District: Khuga River, a tributary of Loktak Lake, Chind-
win drainage; holotype: MUMF 5013; junior primary
homonym of Schistura macrocephalus Kottelat, 2000a:
65)
Schistura khugae Vishwanath & Shanta, 2004b: 330 (repla-
cement name for Schistura macrocephalus Vishwanath
& Shanta, 2004a: 138)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
208
Schistura kloetzliae Kottelat, 2000
Schistura kloetzliae Kottelat, 2000a: 63, fig. 41 (type local-
ity: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County:
Mengla market, Mekong drainage; holotype: NRM
33199)
Schistura kohchangensis (Smith, 1933)
Nemacheilus kohchangensis Smith, 1933a: 56, fig. 2, pl. 1
fig. 2 (type locality: Thailand: Trat Province: waterfall
stream on Koh Chang Island; holotype: KUMF 169,
Monkolprasit, 1969: 6)
Noemacheilus deignani Smith, 1945: 320, fig. 70 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Chantaburi Province: Kao Sabap, near
Chantabun; holotype: USNM 107946)
Schistura koladynensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath. 2012
Schistura koladynensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath. 2012b:
140, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Mizoram: Lawntlai Dis-
trict: Koladyne River at Kolchaw, 22°23'45"N
92°55'56"E; holotype: MUMF 11048)
Schistura kongphengi Kottelat, 1998
Schistura kongphengi Kottelat, 1998a: 77, fig. 116 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Khammouan Province: upper Nam Theun
at 17°59'31"N 105°27'49"E, Mekong drainage; holotype:
ZRC 41799)
Schistura kontumensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Schistura kontumensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 160, figs. 29–
30 (type locality: Vietnam: Kontum Province: stream Ia-
sia about 25 km west of Kontum; 14°23.63'N
107°48.64'E; holotype: ZFMK 26687)
Schistura laterimaculata Kottelat, 1990
Schistura laterimaculata Kottelat, 1990e: 141, fig. 103 (type
locality: Thailand: Chayaphum Province: Kuan Gielom,
Mekong drainage; holotype: ZRC 38470 [was on loan as
ZSM 27477])
Taxonomic notes. Tentatively listed as synonym of S. nichol-
si in Kottelat (2012d: 114), but information and photographs
provided by J. Bohlen show it is distinct.
Schistura latidens Kottelat, 2000
Schistura latidens Kottelat, 2000a: 64, fig. 42 (type locality:
Laos: Savannakhet Province: Xe Pon between rapids
upstream and downstream of Ban Fuang, Mekong drain-
age; 16°37'06"N 106°33'30"E; holotype: ZRC 45351)
Schistura latifasciata (Zhu & Wang, 1985)
Noemacheilus latifasciatus Zhu & Wang, 1985: 211, figs. 5–
6 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yunxian County: Nan-
qiao River, tributary of Lancangjiang River [Mekong],
24°N 100°E; holotype: NGI 810367)
Schistura leukensis Kottelat, 2000
Schistura leukensis Kottelat, 2000a: 64 [not fig. 44 which
shows S. kongphengi] (type locality: Laos: Vientiane
Province: Nam Leuk at dam site, Mekong drainage;
18°26'15"N 102°56'48"E; holotype: ZRC 45353, figured
in Kottelat, 2005a: 65)
Schistura longa (Zhu, 1982)
Nemachilus longus Zhu, 1982a: 105, fig. 2 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: Lushui County: tributary of Nu-jiang
River [Salween]; holotype: NPIB 785032)
Schistura macrocephalus Kottelat, 2000
Schistura macrocephalus Kottelat, 2000a: 65, fig. 45 (type
locality: Laos: Louangnamtha Province: Nam Youan at
ford south of Ban Muang Mon, Mekong drainage;
21°19'28"N 101°10'19"E; holotype: ZRC 45355; pro-
posed as a noun in apposition, indeclinable)
Schistura macrotaenia (Yang, in Chu & Chen, 1990)
Nemacheilus macrotaenia Yang, in Chu & Chen, 1990: 36,
fig. 30 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Pingbian County:
Nan-Qi River, Red River drainage, 23°00'N 103°18'E;
holotype: KIZ 8540217)
'Schistura' maculiceps (Roberts, 1989)
Nemacheilus maculiceps Roberts, 1989: 108, fig. 83 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: rocky
channel in mainstream of Sungai Pinoh, 37 km south of
Nangapinoh, 0°39.5'S 111°40'E; holotype: MZB 3543)
Taxonomic notes. Apparently represents a distinct genus.
Schistura maejotigrina Suvarnaraksha, 2012
Schistura maejotigrina Suvarnaraksha, 2012: 132, fig. 1 (type
locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Maechaem dis-
trict: Mae Abb, near waterfall and terraced rice fields,
822 masl, 18°17'55.2"N 98°10'29.9"E, tributary of Ping
River, Maechaem River sytem; holotype: MARNM 2435)
Schistura maepaiensis Kottelat, 1990
Schistura maepaiensis Kottelat, 1990e: 143, fig. 105 (type
locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Nam Mae
Cha at Ban Pha Bong, 19°12'N 97°59'E, 12 km south of
Mae Hong Son, Salween drainage; holotype: ZRC 38476
[was on loan as ZSM 27479])
Schistura magnifluvis Kottelat, 1990
Schistura magnifluvis Kottelat, 1990e: 146, fig. 107 (type
locality: Thailand: Loei Province: Mekong main stream
between Chiang Khan [17°50'N 101°45'E] to 70 km
downstream by road; holotype: CAS 62549)
Schistura mahnerti Kottelat, 1990
Schistura mahnerti Kottelat, 1990e: 151, fig. 110 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: 20 km north
of Mae Sariang, Salween drainage; holotype: ZRC 38477
[was on loan as ZSM 27478])
Schistura malaisei Kottelat, 1990
Schistura malaisei Kottelat, 1990e: 154, fig. 113 (type lo-
cality: Burma: Putao, Irrawaddy drainage; holotype: NRM
25083)
Schistura manipurensis (Chaudhuri, 1912)
Nemachilus manipurensis Chaudhuri, 1912: 443, pl. 40 figs.
4–4b, pl. 41 figs. 1–1b (type locality: India: Manipur,
Irrawaddy drainage; syntypes: ZSI [3])
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
209
Schistura melarancia Kottelat, 2000
Schistura melarancia Kottelat, 2000a: 65, fig. 46 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Oudomxai Province: Nam Kouat near Ban
Nam Kouat, a tributary of Nam Nga, Mekong drainage;
20°34'35"N 102°07'56"E; holotype: ZRC 45357)
Oreias lineatus Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 567, fig. 13 (type
locality: Vietnam: Dien Bien Province: Dien Bien dis-
trict: Nua Ngam, Nam Ngam stream, Mekong drainage;
holotype: NCNTTSI)
Schistura menanensis (Smith, 1945)
Noemacheilus menanensis Smith, 1945: 310, fig. 65 (type
locality: Thailand: Nan Province: Menam Kon, tributary
of Menam Nan, Chao Phraya drainage; holotype: USNM
117753)
Schistura mobbsi Kottelat & Leisher, 2012
Schistura mobbsi Kottelat & Leisher, 2012: 240, fig. 3 (type
locality: Vietnam: Thai Nguyen Province: Phuong
Hoang Cave, about 32 km from Bac Song (Lang Song
Province), probably draining to Cau River, draining to
Hai Phong; 21°46'31''N 106°07'10''E; holotype: MHNG
2732.044)
Schistura moeiensis Kottelat, 1990
Schistura moeiensis Kottelat, 1990e: 164, fig. 120 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Tak Province: Amphoe Mae Sot: Tam-
bon Kanei Jiu, Huei Kit, Salween drainage; holotype:
ZRC 38471 [was oon loan as ZSM 27480])
? Schistura nagaensis (Menon, 1987)
Noemacheilus nagaensis Menon, 1987: 117 (type locality:
India: Nagaland: Phodung River, tributary of Tizu River
[Chindwin basin; Vishwanath & Laisram, 2001: 209];
holotype: ZSI/SRS F 574)
Taxonomic notes. Possibly a synonym of S. kangjupkhu-
lensis.
Schistura namboensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Schistura namboensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 163, figs. 32–
34 (type locality: Vietnam: Dac Lac Province: small
stream at Ea Nuol, about 20 km north-west of Buon Ma
Thuot; 12°41.58'N 107°57.74'E; holotype: ZFMK 24094)
Schistura nandingensis (Zhu & Wang, 1985)
Noemacheilus nandingensis Zhu & Wang, 1985: 212, figs. 7–
8 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yunxian County: small
tributary of Nanding River [Salween drainage], near
Xingfu, 24°30'N 100°10'E; holotype: NGI 810497)
Taxonomic notes. Treated as synonym of Pteronemacheilus
meridionalis by Yang (in Chu & Chen, 1990: 49).
Schistura nasifilis (Pellegrin, 1936)
Nemachilus spilopterus var. nasifilis Pellegrin, 1936: 247
(type locality: Vietnam: Annam: Nha Trang: Song Cai
basin: Song Ko, 680 masl / Song Tan, 1400 masl; synty-
pes: MNHN 1936-0021–0025 [19], MNHN 1936-0026–
0028 [20], BMNH 1936.7.30.3 [1], Kottelat, 1990e: 168)
Schistura nicholsi (Smith, 1933)
Nemacheilus nicholsi Smith, 1933a: 53, fig. 1, pl. 1 fig. 1
(type locality: Thailand: Pak Jong, circle of Nakon Ra-
jasima [Nakhon Ratchasima Province], Mekong drain-
age; holotype: KUMF 170, Monkolprasit, 1969: 6)
Nemacheilus thai Fowler, 1934a: 104, fig. 56 (type locality:
Thailand: Bua Yai, Mekong drainage; holotype: ANSP
56655)
Schistura nomi Kottelat, 2000
Schistura nomi Kottelat, 2000a: 66, fig. 47 (type locality:
Laos: Attapu Province: Xe Kaman at Muang Xaisettha,
Mekong drainage; 14°48'27"N 106°55'52"E; holotype:
ZRC 45359)
Schistura novemradiata Kottelat, 2000
Schistura novemradiata Kottelat, 2000a: 66, fig. 48 (type
locality: Laos: Louangnamtha Province: Nam Luang
about 2 km upstream of Ban Namluang, Mekong drain-
age; 21°09'05"N 101°20'34"E; holotype: ZRC 45360)
Schistura nudidorsum Kottelat, 1998
Schistura nudidorsum Kottelat, 1998a: 80, fig. 119 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun basin:
Nam Phao at waterfall immediately downriver of border
post on road from Lak Sao to Vinh (Vietnam), Mekong
drainage; 18°23'00"N 105°09'20"E; holotype: ZRC 41801)
Schistura obeini Kottelat, 1998
Schistura obeini Kottelat, 1998a: 83, fig. 122 (type locality:
Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun basin: Nam
Phao at waterfall immediately downriver of border post
on road from Lak Sao to Vinh (Vietnam), Mekong drain-
age; 18°23'00"N 105°09'20"E; holotype: ZRC 41803)
Schistura oedipus (Kottelat, 1988)
Nemacheilus oedipus Kottelat, 1988c: 225, figs. 1–3 (type
locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Nam Lang
Cave, 19°31'N 98°09'E; holotype: AMS I 25986-002)
? Schistura orthocauda (Mai, 1978)
Barbatula orthocauda Mai, 1978: 231, fig. 105 (type local-
ity: northern Vietnam; holotype: DVZUT)
Distribution notes. Type locality information useless. Ngu-
yen [V. H.] (2005a: 245) identified material from Ky Phu
Dai Tu (Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam; Red River drain-
age) as S. orthocauda. A proper allocation of the name will
only be possible after a critical revision of the barred Schis-
tura from the Red River drainage.
Schistura pantherina Page, Plongsesthee & Randall, in
Page, Plongsesthee, Beamish, Kangrang, Randall,
Singer & Martin, 2012
Schistura pantherina Page, Plongsesthee & Randall, in Page,
Plongsesthee, Beamish, Kangrang, Randall, Singer &
Martin, 2012: 320, figs. 1–2 (type locality: Thailand: Kan-
chanaburi Province: Thong Pha Phum, Mae Khlong ba-
sin, Mae Nam Kwai Noi system, Kroeng Krawia on High-
way 323 at km 32, near Prang Phe, 14°58'17"N
98°38'24"E; holotype: NIFI 4675)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
210
Schistura paucicincta Kottelat, 1990
Schistura paucicincta Kottelat, 1990e: 177, fig. 133 (type
locality: Thailand: Tak Province: Salween basin, Huai
Mae Charno, 4 km south of Amphoe Mae Ramat on road
1085, Mekong drainage, 16°58'N 98°34'E; holotype: ZRC
38464 [was on loan as ZSM 27481])
Schistura paucifasciata (Hora, 1929)
Nemachilus paucifasciatus Hora, 1929b: 330, fig. 3, pl. 15
figs. 1–2 (type locality: Burma: Northern Shan States:
Hsipaw State: Monglong Subdivision: Hwe-gna-sang
River, Pazi Township [Irrawaddy drainage]; holotype: ZSI
F 6314/1)
Schistura pawensis Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2013
Schistura pawensis Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2013a: 26, figs. 4–
5 (type locality: Myanmar: Shan state: stream Nam Paw
west of Hsipaw city, Irrawaddy drainage; 22°37'40''N
97°18'17''E; holotype: ZRC 53776)
Schistura personata Kottelat, 2000
Schistura personata Kottelat, 2000a: 67, fig. 49 (type local-
ity: Laos: Saisomboun Special Zone: Houay Sala Yai, a
tributary of Nam San, Mekong drainage; 18°35'17"N
103°05'00"E; holotype: ZRC 45362)
Schistura pertica Kottelat, 2000
Schistura pertica Kottelat, 2000a: 67, fig. 50 (type locality:
Laos: Phongsali: Nam Ou at confluence with Houay Nam,
3 km east-southeast of Muang Khoa, Mekong drainage;
21°04'10.4"N 102°31'43.8"E; holotype: ZRC 45364)
Schistura pervagata Kottelat, 2000
Schistura pervagata Kottelat, 2000a: 68, fig. 51 (type local-
ity: Laos: Houaphan Province: small stream tributary of
Nam Hao, Nam Ma drainage; 20°31'09"N 104°21'44"E;
holotype: ZRC 45366)
? Schistura phongthoensis (Nguyen, 2005)
Paracobitis phongthoensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 564,
fig. 11 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong
Tho district: Muong So [Song Da drainage]; holotype:
NCNTTSI)
Schistura poculi (Smith, 1945)
Noemacheilus poculi Smith, 1945: 323, fig. 72 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Doi Angka [Doi In-
thanon], Chao Phraya drainage; holotype: MCZ 35525)
Schistura polytaenia (Zhu, 1982)
Nemachilus polytaenia Zhu, 1982a: 106, fig. 3 (type locali-
ty: China: Yunnan: tributary of Irrawaddy River in Teng-
chong County; holotype: NPIB 784092)
Schistura porocephala Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2013
Schistura porocephala Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2013: [2],
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Mizoram: Lunglei district: a
[tributary?] stream of Mat River near Thualthu, Koladyne
drainage; 22°46'17"N 92°56'27" E, 547 masl; holotype:
MUMF 11092)
Schistura porthos Kottelat, 2000
Schistura porthos Kottelat, 2000a: 69, fig. 52 (type locality:
Laos: Louangnamtha Province: Nam Tha at Ban Finho,
about 14 km north of Luang Nam Tha, Mekong drain-
age; 21°04'44"N 101°24'09"E; holotype: ZRC 45368)
Schistura prashadi (Hora, 1921)
Nemachilus prashadi Hora, 1921a: 203, pl. 10 figs. 2–2a
(type localities: India: Manipur: Thonagpal Tank, Thoubal
Stream and Sikmai Stream, Irrawaddy drainage; holotype:
ZSI F 9987/1)
Schistura pridii Vidthayanon, 2003
Schistura pridii Vidthayanon, 2003: 307, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: stream Nam Muen, a
tributary of Mae Taeng, upper Chao Phraya drainage;
holotype: NIFI 2909)
Schistura procera Kottelat, 2000
Schistura procera Kottelat, 2000a: 69, fig. 53 (type locality:
Laos: Oudomxai Province: Nam Phak watershed: water-
fall Taad Lak Sip Et, km 11 on road from Oudomxai to
Nambak, Mekong drainage; 20°37'01.8"N
102°00'12.0"E; holotype: ZRC 45370)
Schistura prolixifasciata Zheng, Yang & Chen, 2012
Schistura prolixifasciata Zheng, Yang & Chen, 2012b: 64,
fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Cangyuan County,
Mengnonghe River, a tributary of Nangunhe River (Sal-
ween drainage) at Banlao Village, 23°30'08.9"N
99°01'42.9"E, 510 masl; holotype: KIZ 200504111365)
Schistura psittacula Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Schistura psittacula Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 170, figs. 37–
38 (type locality: Vietnam: Quang Tri Province: middle
Cam Lo River about 20 km west of Dong Ha; 16°47.00'N
106°53.86'E; holotype: ZFMK 27015)
Schistura pumatensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2007
Schistura pumatensis Nguyen [X. K.] & Nguyen [H. D.],
2007: 17, fig. (type locality: Vietnam: Nghe An Prov-
ince: Khe Bu stream in Pumat National Park, Lam drain-
age; holotype: Pumat National Park PM020170)
Schistura puncticeps Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2013
Schistura puncticeps Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2013b: 86, figs. 1,
2, 4 (type locality: Myanmar: Shan state: stream Nam
Paw west of Hsipaw city, Irrawaddy drainage; 22°37'40''N
97°18'17''E; holotype: ZRC 53782)
Schistura punctifasciata Kottelat, 1998
Schistura punctifasciata Kottelat, 1998a: 84, fig. 123 (type
locality: Laos: Khammouan Province: Xe Bangfai basin:
Nam Kathang, 5 km north of Ban Gnomalat at Ban Ke-
ovilay, Mekong drainage; 17°39'N 105°10'20"E; holo-
type: ZRC 41804)
Schistura quaesita Kottelat, 2000
Schistura quaesita Kottelat, 2000a: 70, fig. 54 (type locali-
ty: Laos: Xiangkhouang Province: Nam Ngum, rapids
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
211
downstream of Ban Latbouak, Mekong drainage;
19°36'28"N 103°14'23"E; holotype: ZRC 45372)
Schistura quasimodo Kottelat, 2000
Schistura quasimodo Kottelat, 2000a: 70, fig. 55 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Saisomboun Special Zone: Houay Sala Yai,
a tributary of Nam San, Mekong drainage; 18°35'17"N
103°05'00"E; holotype: ZRC 45373)
Schistura reidi (Smith, 1945)
Noemacheilus reidi Smith, 1945: 313, fig. 67 (type locality:
Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Huey Mekong Kha,
a mountain torrent at base of Doi Mekong Kha, Salween
drainage; holotype: USNM 107944)
Schistura reticulata Vishwanath & Nebeshwar Sharma,
2004
Schistura reticulata Vishwanath & Nebeshwar Sharma, 2004:
324, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin drain-
age: Ukhrul District: Maklang River; holotype: MUMF
4400)
Schistura rikiki Kottelat, 2000
Schistura rikiki Kottelat, 2000a: 71, fig. 56 (type locality:
Laos: Attapu Province: Xe Kong between Attapu and
downstream to Ban Ouk, Mekong drainage; 14°44'51"N
106°43'59"E; holotype: ZRC 45375)
Schistura robertsi Kottelat, 1990
Schistura robertsi Kottelat, 1990e: 198, fig. 148 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Phangnga Province: tributary of Khlong
Khao Thalu at Ban Bang Kan, 8°33'N 98°28'E, road from
Phangnga to Kapong, km 22; holotype: ZRC 38472 [was
on loan as ZSM 27482])
Schistura rubrimaculata Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2013
Schistura rubrimaculata Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2013a: 22,
figs. 1–2 (type locality: Myanmar: Magway devision:
stream Man Chaung about 10 km upstream of Datkon
village, Irrawaddy drainage; 19°55.008'N 94°30.104'E;
holotype: ZRC 53773)
Schistura russa Kottelat, 2000
Schistura russa Kottelat, 2000a: 71, fig. 57 (type locality:
Laos: Louangnamtha Province: Nam Tha at Ban Finho,
about 14 km north of Luang Nam Tha, Mekong drain-
age; 21°04'44"N 101°24'09"E; holotype: ZRC 45377)
Schistura schultzi (Smith, 1945)
Noemacheilus schultzi Smith, 1945: 317, fig. 69 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Huey Melao on Doi
Hua Mot, Mekong drainage; holotype: USNM 107953)
Schistura sertata Kottelat, 2000
Schistura sertata Kottelat, 2000a: 71, fig. 58 (type locality:
Laos: Louangphabang Province: Mekong basin, Nam Xi
below Kuang Xi waterfall, upstream of Ban Thapen,
Mekong drainage; 19°45'10"N 102°00'10"E; holotype:
ZRC 45379)
Schistura sexcauda (Fowler, 1937)
Nemacheilus sexcauda Fowler, 1937: 156, figs. 75–76 (type
locality: Thailand: Me Poon [Mae Phun, a stream enter-
ing Mae Nam Yom at 17°40'N 99°42'E, Chao Phraya
drainage; de Schauensee, 1946: 5; see Kottelat, 1990e:
207]; holotype: ANSP 68007, Page et al., 2012: 326, fig. 7)
Noemacheilus fowlerianus Smith, 1945: 306 (type locality:
Thailand: Me Poon [Mae Phun, a stream entering Mae
Nam Yom at 17°40'N 99°42'E, Chao Phraya drainage; de
Schauensee, 1946: 5; see Kottelat, 1990e: 207]; lecto-
type: ANSP 108189, designated by Kottelat, 1990e: 207)
Schistura shuangjiangensis (Zhu & Wang, 1985)
Noemacheilus shuangjiangensis Zhu & Wang, 1985: 215, figs.
18–23 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Shuangjiang
Coun-
ty: Xiaoheijiang River, tributary of Lancangjiang River
[Mekong], 23°20'N 99°50'E; holotype: NGI 810443)
Schistura sigillata Kottelat, 2000
Schistura sigillata Kottelat, 2000a: 72, fig. 59 (type locality:
Laos: Saisomboun Special Zone: Houay Sala Yai, a trib-
utary of Nam San, Mekong drainage; 18°35'17"N
103°05'00"E; holotype: ZRC 45381)
Schistura sikmaiensis (Hora, 1921)
Nemachilus sikmaiensis Hora, 1921a: 201, pl. 9 fig. 4, pl. 10
figs. 1–1a (type locality: Burma: Putao, Irrawaddy drain-
age [original type locality: India: Manipur: Sikmai stream
near Palel]; neotype: NRM 10740, designated by Kotte-
lat, 1990e: 210)
Nemacheilus putaoensis Rendahl, 1948: 27, figs. 11–12 (type
locality: Burma: Putao, Irrawaddy drainage; holotype:
NRM 10740; junior objective synonym of Nemachilus
sikmaiensis Hora, 1921a: 201)
Schistura similis Kottelat, 1990
Schistura similis Kottelat, 1990e: 210, fig. 156 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Tak Province: Amphoe Tha Song Yang: Huei
Ki Teu, Tambon Kanei Jiu, Salween drainage; holotype:
ZRC 38478 [was on loan as ZSM 27483])
Schistura sokolovi Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Schistura sokolovi Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 172, figs. 40–41
(type locality: Vietnam: Gia Lai Province: Azun River
about 30 km east of Pleiku, a tributary to Ba River;
14°02.34'N 108°21.07'E; holotype: ZFMK 27116)
Schistura sombooni Kottelat, 1998
Schistura sombooni Kottelat, 1998a: 88, fig. 125 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun basin:
Nam Phao 2 km upriver of Ban Lak Song (5 km upriver
of Ban Nape), tributary of Nam Theun, Mekong drain-
age; approx. 18°20'40"N 105°07'30"E; holotype: ZRC
41806)
Schistura spekuli Kottelat, 2004
Schistura spekuli Kottelat, 2004b: 187, fig. 1 (type locality:
Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: cave in centre of Chin Chu
Chai village [10 km south of Tam Duong]; about 22°24'N
103°26'E; holotype: IRSNB 823)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
212
Schistura spiesi Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003
Schistura spiesi Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003: 165, fig. 4
(type locality: Thailand: Phitsanulok Province: Thung
Salaeng Luang National Park: upstream section of Tham
Phra Wang Daeng cave, 100–200 m from entrance;
16°40'41"N 100°41'24"E; holotype: NIFI 3150)
Schistura spiloptera (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1846)
Cobitis spiloptera Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1846: 27, pl. 522 (type locality: Vietnam: Cochinchine;
syntypes: MNHN 3434 [19], Bertin & Estève, 1948: 96)
Nemacheilus pellegrini Rendahl, 1944: 26, fig. 13 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Annam: Thua Luu, 50 km SE of Hué;
holotype: NHMG)
Schistura spilota (Fowler, 1934)
Nemacheilus spilotus Fowler, 1934a: 105, fig. 57 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Metang River
[Nam Mae Taeng], 35 miles north of Chiang Mai, Chao
Phraya drainage; holotype: ANSP 56528)
Schistura suber Kottelat, 2000
Schistura suber Kottelat, 2000a: 72, fig. 60 (type locality:
Laos: Vientiane Province: unnamed small forest stream
along road from Thad Leuk to Nam Leuk dam site, Mekong
drainage; 18°27'05"N 103°04'06"E; holotype: ZRC 45383)
Schistura susannae Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Schistura susannae Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 179, figs. 46–47
(type locality: Vietnam: Quang Nam Danang Province:
stream Mong Mo south of Hai Van Pass at national high-
way Nr. 1; 16°09.67'N 108°07.73'E; holotype: ZFMK
28382)
Schistura tenebrosa Kangrang, Page & Beamish, 2012
Schistura tenebrosa Kangrang, Page & Beamish, 2012: 70,
fig. 1 (type locality: Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province:
Thong Pha Phum, Mae Khlong drainage, Kwai Noi [Kh-
wae Noi] system, Pakkok River, 14°36'22"N 98°28'14"E;
holotype: UF 181417)
Schistura tenura Kottelat, 2000
Schistura tenura Kottelat, 2000a: 73, fig. 61 (type locality:
Laos: Vientiane Province: Nam Leuk about 1 km down-
stream of dam site, Mekong drainage; 18°26'10"N
102°57'01"E; holotype: ZRC 45384; compound adjec-
tive but proposed as noun in apposition, indeclinable)
Schistura thanho Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Schistura thanho Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 182, figs. 49–50
(type locality: Vietnam: Binh Dinh Province: Vinh Thanh
River, about 65 km north-west Quy Nhon; 14°16.19'N
108°45.69'E; holotype: ZFMK 21047)
Schistura tizardi Kottelat, 2000
Schistura tizardi Kottelat, 2000a: 73, fig. 62 (type locality:
Laos: Attapu Province: Xe Kaman at Muang Xaisettha,
Mekong drainage; 14°48'27"N 106°55'52"E; holotype:
ZRC 45386)
Schistura tubulinaris Kottelat, 1998
Schistura tubulinaris Kottelat, 1998a: 89, fig. 127 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Khammouan Province: Nam Theun, from
Ban Signo to about 6 km upriver, Mekong drainage;
17°50'50"N 105°03'00"E; holotype: ZRC 41808)
Schistura udomritthiruji Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2010
Schistura udomritthiruji Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2010: 320,
figs. 1–2 (type locality: Thailand: Ranong Province: small
stream draining into Andaman Sea upstream of Kapoe;
9°34'14"N 98º41'40"E; holotype: ZRC 51724)
Schistura vinciguerrae (Hora, 1935)
Nemachilus vinciguerrae Hora, 1935: 62, pl. 3 fig. 12 (type
locality: Burma: Meekalan; holotype: ZSI F 11754/1;
Vinciguerra is treated as a latinized name and vinciguer-
rae is correct original spelling [Code art. 31.1.1 and Ex-
ample], vinciguerrai is an incorrect subsequent spelling)
Schistura waltoni (Fowler, 1937)
Nemacheilus waltoni Fowler, 1937: 157, figs. 77–79 (type
locality: Thailand: Me Poon [Mae Phun, a stream enter-
ing Mae Nam Yom at 17°40'N 99°42'E, Chao Phraya
drainage; de Schauensee, 1946: 5; see Kottelat, 1990e:
207]; holotype: ANSP 68008)
Noemacheilus obscurus Smith, 1945: 316, fig. 68 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Doi Angka [Doi
Inthanon], Chao Phraya drainage; holotype: MCZ 35520;
junior secondary homonym of Cobitis obscura Swain-
son, 1839: 310, when both placed in Schistura by Kotte-
lat, 1990e: 90, 222)
Schistura xhatensis Kottelat, 2000
Schistura xhatensis Kottelat, 2000a: 74, fig. 63 (type locali-
ty: Laos: Louangphabang Province: Nam Xhat, upstream
of Ban Nam Sa, Mekong drainage; 20°06'43"N
103°19'56"E; holotype: ZRC 45388)
Schistura yersini Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Schistura yersini Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 186, figs. 52–53
(type locality: Vietnam: Lam Dong Province: small stream
running to Da Dung River south of Da Lat; 11°46.86'N
108°25.04'E; holotype: ZFMK 23579)
Schistura yingjiangensis (Zhu, 1982)
Nemachilus yingjiangensis Zhu, 1982a: 107, fig. 4 (type lo-
cality: China: Yunnan: Yingjiang County: Daying River,
a tributary of Irrawaddy River; holotype: NPIB 784147)
Sectoria Kottelat, 1990
Sectoria Kottelat, 1990e: 229 (type species: Noemacheilus
atriceps Smith, 1945: 312, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Sectoria atriceps (Smith, 1945)
Noemacheilus atriceps Smith, 1945: 312, fig. 66 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Nan Province: Menam Kon, tributary of
Menam Nan, at Ban Khana, Chao Phraya drainage; ho-
lotype: USNM 117750)
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213
Sectoria heterognathos (Chen, 1999)
Schistura heterognathos Chen, 1999: 301, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County:
Nanla River, Nazhao (21°40'55"N 101°35'20"E), about
25 km from Mengla, Mekong drainage; holotype: IHB
8810240)
Sectoria megastoma Kottelat, 2000a: 74, fig. 64 (type local-
ity: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: market in Mengla,
Mekong drainage; holotype: NRM 33232; originally pro-
posed as compound noun, indeclinable)
Speonectes Kottelat, 2012
Speonectes Kottelat, 2012d: 139 (type species: Sundoreo-
nectes tiomanensis Kottelat, 1990b: 52, by original des-
ignation). Gender masculine.
Speonectes tiomanensis (Kottelat, 1990)
Sundoreonectes tiomanensis Kottelat, 1990c: 52, pl. 1 fig. 2
(type locality: Malaysia: Pulau Tioman: cave in Gunung
[Mount] Kajang, at 3400 feet; holotype: BMNH
1989.2.23.1)
Sundoreonectes Kottelat, 1990
Sundoreonectes Kottelat, 1990c: 52 (type species: Nemachei-
lus obesus Vaillant, 1902: 134, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Sundoreonectes obesus (Vaillant, 1902)
Nemacheilus obesus Vaillant, 1902: 134, figs. 39–40 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bloeoe
River [Bluu, 0°42'N 114°24'E]; lectotype: RMNH 7780,
designated by Kottelat, 1984c: 232)
Sundoreonectes sabanus (Chin, 1990)
Elxis sabanus Chin, 1990: 74, fig. 3 (type locality: Malay-
sia: Borneo: Sabah: Sipitang District: mountain stream
in Mendolong area; holotype: FMNH 98130)
Traccatichthys Freyhof & Serov, 2001
Traccatichthys Freyhof & Serov, 2001: 188 (type species:
Nemacheilus taeniatus Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936b: 229,
by original designation). Gender masculine.
Traccatichthys pulcher (Nichols & Pope, in Nichols, 1925)
Nemacheilus pulcher Nichols & Pope, in Nichols, 1925c: 1
(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa [possibly errone-
ous; Du et al., 2012: 309]; holotype: AMNH 8364 [ap-
parently based on single specimen listed by Nichols &
Pope, 1927: 339)
Distribution notes. Du et al. (2012: 309) commented that
the
locality of the holotype is probably erroneous since the spe-
cies has not been observed again on Hainan Island. In area,
recorded from coastal drainages of Guangxi and Guangdong.
Traccatichthys taeniatus (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
Nemacheilus pulcher var. taeniata Pellegrin & Chevey,
1936b: 229, fig. 6 (type locality: Vietnam: Tonkin: Thiong
Khé, Phu Tho, Red River drainage; holotype: MNHN
1935-0348)
Micronemacheilus bacmeensis Nguyen & Vo, in Nguyen [V.
H.], 2005a: 562, fig. 10 (type locality: Vietnam: Ha Gi-
ang Province: Bac Me district: Minh Son stream, Red
River drainage; holotype: NCNTTSI)
Traccatichthys zispi (Prokofiev, 2004)
Micronemacheilus zispi Prokofiev, 2004: 158, fig. 2 [p. 195
in translation] (type locality: China: Hainan: Sanya, a
mountain stream 110 km from Duao-Lyu-Shan village;
holotype: ZISP 46740)
Taxonomic notes. Treated as valid following Du et al. (2012).
Triplophysa Rendahl, 1874
Diplophysa Kessler, 1874: 57 (type species: Diplophysa
strauchii Kessler, 1874: 58, by subsequent designation
by Berg, 1916: 348; junior homonym of Diplophysa Ge-
genbaur, 1850: 291 in Coelenterata). Gender feminine.
Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933: 21 (subgenus of Nemacheilus
Bleeker, 1863i: 37; type species: Nemacheilus hutjertju-
ensis Rendahl, 1933: 28, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Tauphysa Rendahl, 1933: 22 (subgenus of Nemacheilus Blee-
ker, 1863i: 37, type species: Diplophysa kungessana
Kessler, 1878: 286, by original designation). Gender fem-
inine.
Deuterophysa Rendahl, 1933: 23 (replacement name for
Diplophysa Kessler, 1874: 57; junior homonym of Deu-
terophysa Warren, 1889: 272 in Lepidoptera). Gender
feminine.
Didymophysa Whitley, 1950a: 44 (replacement name for
Diplophysa Kessler, 1874: 57 and Deuterophysa Rendahl,
1933: 23). Gender feminine.
Diplophysoides Fowler, 1958a: 13 (replacement name for
Diplophysa Kessler, 1874: 57 and Deuterophysa Rendahl,
1933: 23). Gender masculine.
Linemacheilus Anonymous, 2005: 67 (nomen nudum)
Taxonomic notes. Records of T. brevicauda and T. orienta-
lis from the Mekong drainage (Zheng et al., 2010) are likely
to be mis-identifications. The type locality of T. brevicauda
is in the Gobi Desert and that of T. orientalis in Qinghai.
Triplophysa is an artificial assemblage of species. Among
them some species have been grouped in a few diagnosable
lineages that have recently been named (Hedinichthys, Qing-
haichthys, Labiatophysa, Indotriplophysa, Tarimichthys) and
treated as subgenera of Triplophysa, while the relationships
of the majority are still unresolved. At this stage, these lin-
eages seem well supported but their interrelationships are
still not established. In such a situation, there does not seem
to be reason or advantage in using a subgeneric rank, which
implies that some relationship has been worked out. They
are therefore treated as genera.
[Nemachilus Stoliczkae brevicauda Herzenstein, 1888: 23, pl. 5 fig. 4 (type
locality: "Dabsun-Gobi" [apparently China: Qinghai: Dabsan Nur Lake,
56°58'N 95°00'E]; lectotype: ZISP 7370, designated by Prokofiev,
2007b: 12, fig. 5a)].
[Nemachilus kungessanus orientalis Herzenstein, 1888: 44, pl. 6 fig. 2 (type
locality: China: Qinghai: Zaidam [Quaidam basin]; syntypes: ZISP 7271
[more than 6] "and others")].
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
214
Triplophysa gejiuensis (Chu & Chen, 1979)
Noemacheilus gejiuensis Chu & Chen, 1979: 285, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Gejiu County: Bajianjing near
Qiafang [Bajiaojing 4 km from Kafang, 23°16'N
103°09'E; Romero et al., 2009: 260]; holotype: KIZ
7803001)
Triplophysa grahami (Regan, 1906)
Nemachilus grahami Regan, 1906b: 333 (type locality: Chi-
na: Yunnan: Yunnan-Fu [Kunming]; syntypes: BMNH
1905.10.28.16–17 [2])
Triplophysa jianchuanensis Zheng, Du, Chen & Yang,
2010
Triplophysa jianchuanensis Zheng, Du, Chen & Yang, 2010:
22, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Lancangjiang
drainage: Dali Prefecture: Jianchuan County: Jiangkou
spring, 26°31'22.6"N 99°57'30.4"E; holotype: KIZ
2008004424)
Triplophysa laticeps Zhou & Cui, 1997
Triplophysa laticeps Zhou & Cui, 1997: 179, figs. 2–3 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Lufeng County: Luzhijiang, trib-
utary of Yuanjiang River [upper Red River], near Lufeng
city [25°15'N 102°03'E, 1600 masl]; holotype: KIZ
914077)
Triplophysa microps (Steindachner, 1866)
Cobitis microps Steindachner, 1866e: 794, pl. 13 figs. 3–3a
(type localities: India: Ladakh: Rupshu: Leh and Phirse
stream near Manechan, alt. about 16000 ft.; syntypes [10]:
NMW 48562 [11 ?], Eschmeyer, 2010)
Triplophysa nujiangensa Chen, Cui & Yang, 2004
Triplophysa nujiangensa Chen, Cui & Yang, 2004: 505, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Yunnan: about 20 km south of
Liuku, left bank tributaries of Nujiang River [Salween]
in north of Shangjiang Xiang, altitude; 25°40'59"N
98°52'27"E; holotype: KIZ 20007496)
Triplophysa stenura (Herzenstein, 1888)
Nemachilus stenurus Herzenstein, 1888: 64, pl. 1 fig. 1 (type
localities: China: Tibet: Dy-Tschu [Tongtian He, in up-
per Yangtze basin; He et al., 2008: 48]; lectotype ZISP
7355, designated by Prokofiev, 2009: 699)
? Nemachilus lhasae Regan, 1905c: 301 (type locality: Ti-
bet: Lhasa; holotype: BMNH 1905.2.8.16)
Distribution notes. Triplophysa stenura is recorded from
the upper Yangtze, Mekong, Salween and Brahmaputra drain-
ages, which suggests that several species are confused under
this name. Material from the Yalong (a Yangtze tributary)
earlier identified as T. stenura is now T. pseudostenura.
[Triplophysa pseudostenura He, Zhang & Song, 2012: 273, fig. 1a (type
locality: China: Sichuan: Ganzi Prefecture: Ganzi County: Yalong Riv-
er (Yangtze drainage) at Gala village, 31°37'02.76"N 99°58'02.20"E,
3350 masl; holotype: HIB 20070703001)].
Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner, 1866)
Cobitis Stoli
č
kai Steindachner, 1866: 793, pl. 14 fig. 2 (type
locality: India: Ladakh: Rupshu: rivulets in vicinity of
Lake Tsumureri [Tso Morari] [contra Eschmeyer &
Fricke, 2010, "Umgebung" is not the name of a river but
the German word meaning vicinity]; syntypes [12]: NMW
48436 [5], 48439 [1], 50477 [4], Eschmeyer, 2010; the
č
in original spelling must be emended in c, Code art.
32.5.2.1)
Taxonomic notes. The identity of the species recorded in
the upper Mekong and Salween as T. stolickai is not clear.
The synonymy of this species (e.g. Wu & Wu, 1992: 212,
586) includes nominal species whose type localities are in
the drainages of the Caspian Sea, Huang He and Yangtze
Rivers and in a number of endorheic basins of Central Asia
(Helmand, Tarim, Qaidam), which seems unrealistic consid-
ering the huge area, the topography and the highly fragmented
habitats. Prokofiev (2007b: 4) recognised a number of them
as valid subspecies. The type locality of T. stolickai is in
Ladakh, in the upper Indus drainage.
Tuberoschistura Kottelat, 1990
Tuberoschistura Kottelat, 1990e: 232 (type species: Nema-
cheilus baenzigeri Kottelat, 1983a: 151, by original des-
ignation). Gender feminine.
Tuberoschistura baenzigeri (Kottelat, 1983)
Noemacheilus baenzigeri Kottelat, 1983a: 151, figs. 1–2 (type
locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Mae Nam Taeng
at Mae Taeng, Chao Phraya drainage, 19°07'N 98°56'E;
holotype: MHNG 2081.32)
Tuberoschistura cambodgiensis Kottelat, 1990
Tuberoschistura cambodgiensis Kottelat, 1990e: 237, fig. 178
(type locality: Cambodia: Stung Chihreng, a northern trib-
utary of Grand Lac, at "Pont Khmer" on road from Siem
Reap to Kompong Thom, Mekong drainage; holotype:
MNHN 1988-0099)
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215
Gymnocorymbus Eigenmann, 1908
Gymnocorymbus Eigenmann, 1908: 93 (type species: Gym-
nocorymbus thayeri Eigenmann, 1908: 93, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Order CHARACIFORMES
Family CHARACIDAE
*Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Boulenger, 1895)
Tetragonopterus ternetzi Boulenger, 1895c: 528 (type local-
ity: Brazil: Mato Grosso: Descalvados; syntypes: BMNH
1895.5.17.163–167 [5], Reis et al., 2003: 128)
Distribution notes. Introduced to Thailand (Welcomme &
Vidthayanon 2003: 37).
Family SERRASALMIDAE
Colossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903
Colossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903: 530 (type species:
Myletes oculus Cope, 1872b: 268, by original designa-
tion). Gender neuter.
*Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816)
Myletes macropomus Cuvier, 1816b: 185, pl. 10 fig. 1 (type
locality: Brazil; holotype: MNHN A.8626, Reis et al.,
2003: 183)
Distribution notes. Said to be introduced in Thailand.
Order SILURIFORMES
holotype: lost, Bleeker, 1863a: 61; Bleeker considered
the origin of the specimen questionable and suggested
that it is possibly a neotropical Rhamdia)
Rhamdia javanica Bleeker, 1858j: 244 (unjustified emen-
dation of Pimelodus javus Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1840b: 187)
Nomenclatural notes. Family-group names updated from
Ferraris & de Pinna (1999)
Species inquirendae et incertae sedis
Pimelodus javus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 187 (type locality: reportedly Indonesia: Java;
Family LORICARIIDAE
Hypostomus La Cepède, 1803
Hypostomus La Cepède, 1803: 144 (type species: Hyposto-
mus guacari La Cepède, 1803: 145, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
*Hypostomus plecostomus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Acipenser plecostomus Linnaeus, 1758: 238 (based on spec-
imen [Linnaeus, 1754: 55, pl. 28 fig. 4] and Plecosto-
mus dorso dipterygio of Gronovius, 1754: 24, pl. 3 figs.
1–2; type locality: Suriname; syntypes: NRM 32 (small-
est of 3), Fernholm & Wheeler, 1983: 222; invalid neo-
type designation by Boeseman, 1968: 9, pl. 3 figs. 1–2)
Distribution notes. Introduced, but most mentions of this
species probably refer to species of the genus Pterygoplich-
thys.
Pterygoplichthys Gill, 1858
Pterygoplichthys Gill, 1858: 408 [48 of reprint] (type spe-
cies: Hypostomus duodecimalis Valenciennes, in Cuvier
& Valenciennes, 1840b: 498, by subsequent designation
by Bleeker, 1862a: 2, 1863b: 78). Gender masculine.
Liposarcus Günther, 1864a: 238 (type species: Hypostomus
multiradiatus Hancock, 1828: 246, by subsequent des-
ignation by Jordan, 1919b: 332). Gender masculine.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
216
*Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855)
Hypostomus pardalis Castelnau, 1855: 42, pl. 20 fig. 3 (type
locality: Brazil: Amazon River; holotype: MNHN
A.9574, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 69)
Distribution notes. Introduced.
*Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber, 1991)
Liposarcus disjunctivus Weber, 1991: 638 (type locality:
Brazil: Amazonas: Amazon River drainage, Rio Madei-
ra, Restauracao; holotype: MZUSP 28360)
Distribution notes. Introduced.
Family AMBLYCIPITIDAE
Amblycipitidae Day, 1873
Amblycepinae Day, 1873c: cclxviii (type genus: Amblyceps
Blyth, 1858b: 281; correct stem is Amblycipit- and cor-
rect spelling is Amblycipitinae)
Taxonomic notes. Molecular studies suggest that Ambly-
cipitidae could be polyphyletic and that Liobagrus belongs
to a separate family (Sullivan et al., 2008). This requires
confirmation.
Amblyceps Blyth, 1858
Amblyceps Blyth, 1858b: 281 (type species: Amblyceps cae-
cutiens Blyth, 1858b: 282, by monotypy). Gender neuter.
Branchiosteus Gill, 1861h: 52 (type species: Olyra laticeps
M'Clelland, 1842a: 588, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Amblyceps caecutiens Blyth, 1858
Amblyceps caecutiens Blyth, 1858b: 282 (type locality:
Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Amphoe Khum
Yuam: Tambon Muang Bon: Huai Nong Heng, Mae La
Ka, 18°37'N 97°55'E; [original type locality: Burma:
Maulmein and Pegu]; neotype: UMMZ 248766, desig-
nated by Ng & Wright, 2009: 374)
Amblyceps mucronatum Ng & Kottelat, 2000c: 340, fig. 6
(type locality: Thailand: Loei Province: Mekong River
basin, Huang River tributary at 17°16'00.9"N
101°08'29.2"E; holotype: ZRC 41323, Ng & Lim, 2008:
20, fig. 14)
Amblyceps carinatum Ng, 2005
Amblyceps carinatum Ng, 2005b: 243, fig. 1 (type locality:
Myanmar: Kachin State: Irrawaddy drainage: hillstreams
at Tonpan village, on road from Myitkyina to Tanai; ho-
lotype: UMMZ 245588)
Amblyceps foratum Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Amblyceps foratum Ng & Kottelat, 2000c: 338, fig. 4 (type
locality: Malaysia: Terengganu: Sungai Brang just out-
side Sekayu Waterfall Park; 4°57'51"N 102°57'46"E;
holotype: ZRC 43718, Ng & Lim, 2008: 18, fig. 13)
Amblyceps kurzii (Day, 1872)
Akysis kurzii Day, 1872: 703 (type locality: Burma: Pegu Yoma
[range]; holotype: LU, Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 157)
Amblyceps murraystuarti Chaudhuri, 1919
Amblyceps murray-stuarti Chaudhuri, 1919: 272, pl. 22 fig. 1
(type locality: Burma: Putao plains; holotype: ZSI
F 9736/1, Ng & Kottelat, 2000c: 342)
Amblyceps platycephalus Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Amblyceps platycephalus Ng & Kottelat, 2000c: 343, fig. 8
(type locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Nam
Mae Pai basin, Nam Mae Sa-Nga at Ban Yang Top Sok,
immediately downstream of Nam Tok Pa Sua,
19°29'00"N 97°57'50"E; holotype: ZRC 42745, Ng &
Lim, 2008: 21, fig. 15; proposed as a noun in apposi-
tion, invariable)
Amblyceps protentum Ng & Wright, 2009
Amblyceps protentum Ng & Wright, 2009: 370, fig. 1 (type
locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province: Amphoe
Khum Yuam: Tambon Muang Bon: Huai Nong Heng,
Mae La Ka, 18°37'N 97°55'E; holotype: UMMZ 248731)
Amblyceps serratum Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Amblyceps serratum Ng & Kottelat, 2000c: 344, fig. 9 (type
locality: Cambodia: Stung Treng Province: shallow chan-
nel across south end of Kaoh Han, 14 km northeast of
Stung Treng, 13°37'N 106°03'E; holotype: UMMZ
234708)
Amblyceps torrentis Linthoingambi & Vishwanath, 2008
Amblyceps torrentis Linthoingambi & Vishwanath, 2008:
168, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Ukhrul Dis-
trict: Laniye River, Chindwin drainage: Jessami village,
Manipur–Nagaland state border, 25°38'20"N
94°32'29"E; holotype: MUMF 6170)
Amblyceps tuberculatum Linthoingambi & Vishwanath,
2008
Amblyceps tuberculatum Linthoingambi & Vishwanath,
2008: 170, fig. 5 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chan-
del District: Lokchao River, Chindwin drainage: Moreh
town at Indo-Myanmar border, 24°24'17"N 94°21'15"E;
holotype: MUMF 6184)
Amblyceps variegatum Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Amblyceps variegatum Ng & Kottelat, 2000c: 345, fig. 10
(type locality: Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province: Mae
Nam Khwae Noi basin, Nam Khung, upstream of Ban
Huai Pak Khung, riffles between second ford and reser-
voir, 14°37'20"N 98°31'24"E; holotype: ZRC 43719, Ng
& Lim, 2008: 22, fig. 16)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
217
Liobagrus Hilgendorf, 1878
Liobagrus Hilgendorf, 1878: 155 (type species: Liobagrus
reinii Hilgendorf, 1878: 155, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Neobagrus Bellotti, 1892: 100 (type species: Neobagrus
fuscus Bellotti, 1892: 101, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine.
Liobagrus nigricauda Regan, 1904
Liobagrus nigricauda Regan, 1904a: 193 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: "Sea of Tien" [Dianchi Lake]; syntypes:
BMNH 1904.1.26.42–43 [2], Ferraris, 2007: 20)
Nahangbagrus Nguyen & Vo, in Nguyen, 2005
Nahangbagrus Nguyen & Vo, in Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a:
550 (type species: Nahangbagrus songamensis Nguyen
& Vo, in Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 551, by original desig-
nation). Gender masculine.
Nahangbagrus songamensis Nguyen & Vo, in Nguyen,
2005
Nahangbagrus songamensis Nguyen & Vo, in Nguyen [V.
H.], 2005a: 551, fig. 4 (type locality: Vietnam: Tuyen
Quang Province: Na Hang district: Thanh Tuong, Mo
Tom [22°20'N, 105°20'E; Eschmeyer, 2010]; holotype:
NCNTTSI)
Family AKYSIDAE
Akysidae Gill, 1861
Akyses Gill, 1861h: 52 (type genus: Akysis Bleeker, 1858g:
419)
Parakysidae Roberts, 1989: 141 (type genus: Parakysis
Herre, 1940a: 11)
Acrochordonichthyini Pinna, 1996: 61 (type genus: Acro-
chordonichthys Bleeker, 1857n: 473)
Acrochordonichthys Bleeker, 1857
Acrochordonichthys Bleeker, 1857n: 473 (type species:
Pimelodus melanogaster Bleeker, 1854v: 89, designat-
ed by Ferraris, 2007: 12 [designation by Gill, 1861h: 53
and Bleeker, 1862c: 13, invalid as A. platycephalus was
not originally included]). Gender masculine.
Sosia Vaillant, 1902: 81 (type species: Sosia chamaeleon
Vaillant, 1902: 82, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Acrochordonichthys chamaeleon (Vaillant, 1902)
Sosia chamaeleon Vaillant, 1902: 82, figs. 19–21 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: mouth of
the Raoen [Raun, 0°39'N 113°10'E] (Mandai system,
Kapuas drainage); lectotype: RMNH 7849, designated
by Ng & Ng, 2001: 406)
Acrochordonichthys falcifer Ng & Ng, 2001
Acrochordonichthys falcifer Ng & Ng, 2001: 408, fig. 16
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Sungai Sega-
ma; holotype: ZRC 43321, Ng & Lim, 2008: 4, fig. 1)
Acrochordonichthys guttatus Ng & Ng, 2001
Acrochordonichthys guttatus Ng & Ng, 2001: 394, fig. 10
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah:
Barito River at Muara Laung; holotype: MZB 9301)
Acrochordonichthys gyrinus Vidthayanon & Ng, 2003
Acrochordonichthys gyrinus Vidthayanon & Ng, 2003: 2,
fig. 1 (type locality: Thailand: Phitsanulok Province: Yom
River at Prompiram; holotype: NIFI 2645)
Acrochordonichthys ischnosoma Bleeker, 1858
Acrochordonichthys ischnosoma Bleeker, 1858g: 419 (no-
men nudum)
Acrochordonichthys ischnosoma Bleeker, 1858j: 232 (type
locality: Indonesia: Java: Preanger Province: Tjitarum
River in Parongkalong; holotype [115 mm TL]: BMNH
1863.12.4.151, Ng & Ng, 2001: 392, fig. 4, Ng & Tan,
2002: 449)
Acrochordonichthys mahakamensis Ng & Ng, 2001
Acrochordonichthys mahakamensis Ng & Ng, 2001: 400,
fig. 11 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan
Timur: Mahakam River, upstream of Melak, 0°12'S
115°47'E; holotype: MZB 5952)
Acrochordonichthys pachyderma Vaillant, 1902
Acrochordonichthys pachyderma Vaillant, 1902: 66, figs. 11–
13 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur:
Bloeoe River [Bluu, 0°42'N 114°24'E]; holotype: RMNH
7843 [not syntype, as stated by Ng & Ng, 2001: 410])
Acrochordonichthys rugosus (Bleeker, 1846)
Pimelodus rugosus Bleeker, 1846d: 11 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Solo River [or Surakarta, in Pepeh River;
Bleeker, 1858j: 229]; syntypes [2]: RMNH 6883 [2], Ng
& Ng, 2001: 413; also in Bleeker, 1847d: 168)
Pimelodus melanogaster Bleeker, 1854v: 89 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang Province: confluence of
Lamatang and Enim Rivers; holotype [110 mm TL]: ?
BMNH 1863.12.4.160, Ng & Ng, 2001: 413)
Pimelodus pleurostigma Bleeker, 1855b: 442 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes [8, 48–
76 mm TL]: RMNH 4188 [1], 6879 [4], ? NMV 45993
[1], BMNH 1863.12.4.161, Ng & Ng, 2001: 413, Fer-
raris, 2007: 13)
Pimelodus zonatus Bleeker, 1855b: 444 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes [9, 54–80 mm
TL]: RMNH 6880 [5], BMNH 1863.12.4.175 [1], ? NMV
45992 [1], Ng & Ng, 2001: 413, Ferraris, 2007: 13)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
218
Acrochordonichthys platycephalus Bleeker, 1858j: 224 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [97
mm TL]: BMNH 1863.12.4.152, Ng & Ng, 2001: 413)
Sosia chamaeleon var. pallida Vaillant, 1902: 87, figs. 22–
24 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat:
Kapuas, probably Sintang; lectotype: RMNH 7848, des-
ignated by Ng & Ng, 2001: 406, 413)
Acrochordonichthys obscurus Popta, 1904: 187 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Bongan Riv-
er; holotype: RMNH 7556; also in Popta, 1906: 55, pl. 3
fig. 11)
Acrochordonichthys Büttikoferi Popta, 1904: 188 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas
drainage, Bongan River / Kalimantan Timur: Mahakam
drainage, Bo River; syntypes: RMNH 7557 [1], 7558
[2]; incorrect original spelling, must be emended to buet-
tikoferi, Code art. 32.5.2.1; also in Popta, 1906: 58, pl. 3
fig. 12)
Acrochordonichthys varius Popta, 1904: 189 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bo River; syntypes:
RMNH 7559 [2]; also in Popta, 1906: 63, pl. 4 fig. 13)
Acrochordonichthys septentrionalis Ng & Ng, 2001
Acrochordonichthys septentrionalis Ng & Ng, 2001: 401,
fig. 12 (type locality: Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province:
Kwae Noi River; holotype: NIFI 3128)
Acrochordonichthys strigosus Ng & Ng, 2001
Acrochordonichthys strigosus Ng & Ng, 2001: 403, fig. 13
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat:
Sungai Sibau, from mouth of Sungai Putan to 3 km down-
strean, 1°02'28"N 112°59'59"E; holotype: MZB 9333)
Akysis Bleeker, 1858
Akysis Bleeker, 1858g: 419 (type species: Pimelodus varie-
gatus Bleeker, 1846a: 53, by monotypy; also in Bleeker,
1858j: 204, 234). Gender masculine.
Akysis bilustris Ng, 2011
Akysis bilustris Ng, 2011: 62, fig. 1 (type locality: Laos:
Attapeu Province: Xe Kong where Houai Tamopat en-
ters it, downstream of Ban Khanmaknao, 14°36'31"N
106°33'8"E; holotype: ZRC 53111)
Akysis brachybarbatus Chen, in He & Chen, 1981
Akysis brachybarbatus Chen, in He & Chen, 1981: 210, fig. 2
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Manglian County: Nan-
rui River, a tributary of Mekong; holotype: KIZ 787162)
Akysis clavulus Ng & Freyhof, 2003
Akysis clavulus Ng & Freyhof, 2003: 312, figs. 1–2 (type
locality: Vietnam: Khanh Hoa Province: Song Duc My
about 10 km west of Ninh Hoa; 12°32.22'N 109°01.38'E;
holotype: ZFMK 27159)
Akysis clinatus Ng & Rainboth, 2005
Akysis clinatus Ng & Rainboth, 2005: 34, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Cambodia: Stung Chhay River, Tok Kong village
on road from Phnom Penh to Sianoukville; 10°56'37.8"N
113°47'47.4"E; holotype: ZRC 47288, Ng & Lim, 2008:
5, fig. 3)
Akysis ephippifer Ng & Kottelat, 1998
Akysis ephippifer Ng & Kottelat, 1998a: 1078, fig. 11 (type
locality: Cambodia: Stung Santréa, 40 km from Pom-
nac; holotype: MNHN 1997-0034)
Akysis fontaneus Ng, 2009
Akysis fontaneus Ng, 2009a: 42, fig. 1 (type locality: Sumatra:
Jambi, Sungai Jernih at Desa Jernih, about 25 km on road
to Sarolangun after turnoff at Pauh, 2°00.215'S
102°42.475'E; holotype: MZB 10989)
Taxonomic notes. Presently known from a single specimen.
Possibly a synonym of Akysis heterurus Ng, 1996: 4.
Akysis fuliginatus Ng & Rainboth, 2005
Akysis fuliginatus Ng & Rainboth, 2005: 35, fig. 4 (type
locality: Cambodia: Stung Treng Province: Mekong Riv-
er on western edge of Kaoh Han, 16 km northeast of
Stung Treng; 13°38'N 106°03'E; holotype: UMMZ
241338)
Akysis galeatus Page, Rachmatika & Robins, in Page,
Hadiaty, López, Rachmatika & Robins, 2007
Akysis galeatus Page, Rachmatika & Robins, in Page, Had-
iaty, López, Rachmatika & Robins, 2007: 299, fig. 6 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Lampung: Way Gedong-
wani (Way Sekampung drainage), 5°14.499'S
105°29.060'E; holotype: MZB 15192)
Akysis hendricksoni Alfred, 1986
Akysis hendricksoni Alfred, 1966a: 467, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: Malaysia: Terengganu: Terengganu River at Kuala
Brang; holotype: ZRC 1414, Ng & Lim, 2008: 8, fig. 4)
Akysis heterurus Ng, 1996
Akysis heterurus Ng, 1996: 4, figs. 1–2 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Jambi: Sungai Alai at 19.5 km on road
from Muara Bungo to Muara Tebo; holotype: ZRC
34194, Ng & Lim, 2008: 9, fig. 5)
Akysis longifilis Ng, 2006
Akysis longifilis Ng, 2006a: 20, fig. 1 (type locality: Myan-
mar: Bago Division: Pyu township, Pyu stream (tribu-
tary of Sittang River) about 229 km from Yangon,
18°29'N 96°26'E; holotype: UMMZ 246172)
Akysis maculipinnis Fowler, 1934
Akysis maculipinnis Fowler, 1934a: 97, fig. 46 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Chantaboon [Chantaburi]; holotype: ANSP
59366, Böhlke, 1984: 18)
Akysis manipurensis (Arunkumar, 2000)
Laguvia manipurensis Arunkumar, 2000c: 194, fig. 1 (type
locality: India: Manipur: Lairaok [Lairok] Maru stream
near Moreh, 110 km from Imphal, Yu River drainage
[Chindwin basin]; holotype: MUMF 300/1A, Vishwanath
et al., 2007: 2675)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
219
Akysis microps Ng & Tan, 1999
Akysis microps Ng & Tan, 1999: 359, fig. 5 (type locality: Ma-
laysia:
Johor: Sungai Kahang and tributary, about 44.4 km
from Mersing turnoff to Kluang just before side road to
Endau Rompin Taman Negara, km 96 from Mersing to
Batu Pahat; 2°03'55.8"N 103°31'34.8"E; holotype: ZRC
42596, Ng & Lim, 2008: 11, fig. 7)
Akysis pictus Günther, 1883
Akysis pictus Günther, 1883: 138 (type locality: Burma:
Tenasserim; syntypes: BMNH 1880.12.1.25–26 [2], Al-
fred, 1966a: 469, Ng, 1999f: 542, fig. 1)
Akysis portellus Ng, 2009
Akysis portellus Ng, 2009c: 3, figs. 1–5 (type locality: Myan-
mar: Bago Division: Shwe Kyin, 17°55'N 96°53'E; ho-
lotype: ZRC 51138)
Akysis prashadi Hora, 1936
Akysis variegatus subsp. variegatus Prashad & Mukerji,
1929: 180, pl. 8, figs. 1 & 2 (type locality: Burma: My-
itkyina District: south end of Indawgyi Lake and along
west shore near Lonton village [holotype data accord-
ing to Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 126]; holotype: ZSI
F 10873/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 126, Ng, 1999f:
545; secondary junior homonym of Pimelodus variega-
tus Bleeker, 1846a: 53)
Akysis prashadi Hora, 1936a: 200 (type locality: Burma:
Myitkyina District: Indawgyi Lake: south end of In-
dawgyi Lake and along west shore near Lonton village
[holotype data according to Menon & Yazdani, 1968:
126]; holotype: ZSI F 10873/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968:
126; junior objective synonym of Akysis variegatus var-
iegatus Prashad & Mukerji, 1929: 180)
Akysis pulvinatus Ng, 2007
Akysis pulvinatus Ng, 2007b: 52, figs. 1, 2, 5a (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Ranong Province: stream draining into
Andaman Sea upstream of Kapoe, 9°34'14"N
98°41'40"E; holotype: UMMZ 248249)
Akysis recavus Ng & Kottelat, 1998
Akysis recavus Ng & Kottelat, 1998a: 1090, fig. 16 (type
locality: Thailand: western Chao Phraya basin [Nakhon
Sawan province: Mae Nam Wong at confluence with
Khlong Huai Sai, about 15 km west of Makha,
15°54'04"N 99°26'49"N; pers. obs., 1999, locality re-
visited with original collector]; holotype: ZRC 40716,
Ng & Lim, 2008: 12, fig. 8)
Akysis scorteus Page, Hadiaty & López, in Page, Hadia-
ty, López, Rachmatika & Robins, 2007
Akysis scorteus Page, Hadiaty & López, in Page, Hadiaty,
López, Rachmatika & Robins, 2007: 296, fig. 2 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Lampung: Way Seputih,
5°04.310'S 104°53.048'E; holotype: MZB 15191)
Akysis variegatus (Bleeker, 1846)
Pimelodus variegatus Bleeker, 1846a: 53 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [see Bleeker,
1858j: 236]: mixed with RMNH 6881 [16], BMNH
1863.12.11.187 [1], ? NMV 46004 [1], ? ZSI [1], Ng,
1996: 9, Alfred, 1966a: 469, Ferraris, 2007: 15, Page et
al., 2007: 293, fig. 1; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 177)
Akysis varius Ng & Kottelat, 1998
Akysis varius Ng & Kottelat, 1998a: 1093, fig. 18 (type lo-
cality: Laos: Khammouan Province: Xe Bangfai about
3 km upriver of Ban Pakphanang; holotype: ZRC 41015,
Ng & Lim, 2008: 13, fig. 9)
Akysis vespa Ng & Kottelat, 2004
Akysis vespa Ng & Kottelat, 2004b: 194, figs. 1–3 (type
locality: Myanmar: Kayin State: stream Chon Son be-
tween Kyondaw and Phadaw, about 20 km northwest of
Payathouzu [Payathonzu] (at border with Thailand),
15°25'N 98°15'E; holotype: ZRC 46423, Ng & Lim,
2008: 15, fig. 10)
Akysis vespertinus Ng, 2008
Akysis vespertinus Ng, 2008d: 256, figs. 1, 4a, 5a (type lo-
cality: Myanmar: Rakhine State: headwaters of Ann
Chaung drainage, approx. 19 km SE of Ann, 19°43'N
94°11'E; holotype: UMMZ 248755)
Breitensteinia Steindachner, 1881
Breitensteinia Steindachner, 1881a: 46 (type species: Brei-
tensteinia insignis Steindachner, 1881: 46, by monoty-
py; also in Steindachner, 1881d: 213). Gender feminine.
Breitensteinia cessator Ng & Siebert, 1998
Breitensteinia cessator Ng & Siebert, 1998: 647, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas
mainstream 58 km northeast of Sintang and 1 km down-
stream from Sebruang, 0°25'30"N 111°52'30"E; holo-
type: MZB 3693)
Breitensteinia hypselurus Ng & Siebert, 1998
Breitensteinia hypselurus Ng & Siebert, 1998: 650, fig. 3
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat:
Kapuas basin: Sanggau; holotype: RMNH 16048; pro-
posed as a noun in apposition, indeclinable)
Breitensteinia insignis Steindachner, 1881
Breitensteinia insignis Steindachner, 1881a: 46 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Borneo: Teweh [Kalimantan Tengah:
Muara Teweh, Barito drainage]; holotype: NMW 55042,
Ng & Siebert, 1998: 653; also in Steindachner, 1881d:
213, 1881b: pl. 1 fig. 2)
Parakysis Herre, 1940
Parakysis Herre, 1940a: 11 (type species Parakysis verru-
cosa Herre, 1940a: 12, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Parakysis anomalopteryx Roberts, 1989
Parakysis anomalopteryx Roberts, 1989: 142 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungai Seri-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
220
ang, a tributary of Sungai Palin, 37 km west of Putussi-
bau, 0°51.5'N 112°36'E; holotype: MZB 3702)
Parakysis grandis Ng & Lim, 1995
Parakysis grandis Ng & Lim, 1995: 260, fig. 7 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Sumatra: Riau: small stream near
Pangkalankasai, 43 km south of Rengat; holotype: ZRC
39111a, Ng & Lim, 2008: 16, fig. 11)
Parakysis hystriculus Ng, 2009
Parakysis hystriculus Ng, 2009b: 40, fig. 1 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Sumatera Selatan, Lalang drainage,
swamp forest at Sentang, about 5 km after turnoff about
12 km after Bayung Lencir on Bayung Lencir–Jambi
road, 1°56.192'S 103º42.532'E; holotype: MZB 10985)
Parakysis longirostris Ng & Lim, 1995
Parakysis longirostris Ng & Lim, 1995: 262, fig. 8 (type
locality: Singapore: Nee Soon swamp forest; holotype:
ZRC 34491, Ng & Lim, 2008: 17, fig. 12)
Parakysis notialis Ng & Kottelat, 2003
Parakysis notialis Ng & Kottelat, 2003: 48, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Barito
River drainage, area of Tamiyang Layang, 2°01'S
115°07'E; holotype: MZB 5994)
Parakysis verrucosus Herre, 1940
Parakysis verrucosa Herre, 1940a: 12, pl. 6 (type locality:
Malaysia: Johor: Mawai District; holotype: CAS-SU
33009, Ng & Lim, 1995: 264)
Pseudobagarius Ferraris, 2007
Pseudobagarius Ferraris, 2007: 16 (type species: Akysis
pseudobagarius Roberts, 1989: 138, by original desig-
nation). Gender masculine.
Pseudobagarius alfredi (Ng & Kottelat, 1998)
Akysis alfredi Ng & Kottelat, 1998a: 1063, fig. 5 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: Pahang, Tasek Bera, approx. 300 m east
of Fort Iskandar; holotype: ZRC 40714, Ng & Lim, 2008:
5, fig. 2)
Pseudobagarius baramensis (Fowler, 1905)
Akysis baramensis Fowler, 1905a: 472, fig. 4 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River; holotype:
ANSP 114887 [formerly WIAP 14149], Böhlke, 1984: 17)
Pseudobagarius filifer (Ng & Rainboth, 2005)
Akysis filifer Ng & Rainboth, 2005: 37, fig. 5 (type locality:
Cambodia: Tonle Sap, Kandal, fishing lot 8, 22 miles
upstream from Phnom Penh, 11°44'N 104°50'E; holo-
type: UMMZ 235728)
Pseudobagarius fuscus (Ng & Kottelat, 1998)
Akysis fuscus Ng & Kottelat, 1996: 20, fig. 1 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Danau Sentarum
area: Sungai Hulu Leboyan at Keluwin, 1°08'51"N
112°15'32"E; holotype: MZB 5934)
Pseudobagarius hardmani (Ng & Sabaj, 2005)
Akysis hardmani Ng & Sabaj, 2005: 218, fig. 3 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Nakhon Sawan Province: Mae Nam Chao
Phraya and tributaries in the vicinity of Phayuha Khiri;
holotype: ANSP 178858)
Pseudobagarius inermis (Ng & Kottelat, 2000)
Akysis inermis Ng & Kottelat, 2000a: 8, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: Laos: Attapeu province: unnamed creek entering Xe
Kaman from north at proposed Xe Kaman dam site,
14°57'40"N 107°09'16"E; holotype: ZRC 45401, Ng &
Lim, 2008: 10, fig. 6)
Pseudobagarius leucorhynchus (Fowler, 1934)
Akysis leucorhynchus Fowler, 1934a: 97, figs. 44–45 (type
locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP 59346,
Böhlke, 1984: 18)
Pseudobagarius macronema (Bleeker, 1860)
Akysis macronema Bleeker, 1860h: 11 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Lahat; syntypes [4, 36–55 mm TL]:
RMNH 6729 [2], BMNH 1863.12.4.188 [1], Ng, 1996: 9,
Ng & Kottelat, 1998: 1095)
Pseudobagarius meridionalis (Ng & Siebert, 2004)
Akysis meridionalis Ng & Siebert, 2004: 2, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Barito
drainage: Sungai Laung at Dessa Maruwei, 0°21.986'S
114°44.103'E; holotype: MZB 6102)
Pseudobagarius nitidus (Ng & Rainboth, 2005)
Akysis nitidus Ng & Rainboth, 2005: 40, fig. 8 (type locali-
ty: Laos: Champasak Province: Mekong River at Ban
Han Khone, just downstream from Khone falls; holo-
type: UMMZ 235400)
Pseudobagarius pseudobagarius (Roberts, 1989)
Akysis pseudobagarius Roberts, 1989: 138, fig. 107 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: mouth
of Sungai Melawi in Sintang, 0°35'S 111°29'E; holotype:
MZB 3691)
Pseudobagarius similis (Ng & Kottelat, 1998)
Akysis similis Ng & Kottelat, 1998a: 1074, fig. 9 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Kihn Thuy Cai canal 10 km east of Vinh
Long, at mouth of canal into Mekong; holotype: UMMZ
214902)
Pseudobagarius sinensis (He, in He & Chen, 1981)
Akysis sinensis He, in He & Chen, 1981: 209, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Lancangjiang
[Mekong]; syntypes: IHB 638237 [1], 638283 [1], KIZ
735007–008 [2])
Pseudobagarius subtilis (Ng & Kottelat, 1998)
Akysis subtilis Ng & Kottelat, 1998a: 1076, fig. 10 (type
locality: Thailand: Nakhon Phanom Province: Mekong
River, 21.5 km downstream from Ban Tha Kai, 21.5 km
downstream from Mukdahan; holotype: UMMZ 214910)
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221
Silurus tegrinus Hora, 1933: 133 (not available, name listed
in synonymy)
Bagarius rutilus Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Bagarius rutilus Ng & Kottelat, 2000a: 10, fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: market in Hanoi; holotype: ZRC 40440,
Ng & Lim, 2008: 58, fig. 46)
Bagarius suchus Roberts, 1983
Bagarius suchus Roberts, 1983: 442, figs. 2c, 4 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Kemarat, Mekong drainage; holotype:
ANSP 89521)
Bagarius yarrelli (Sykes, 1839)
Bagrus Yarrelli Sykes, 1839a: 163 (type locality: India: Mota
Mola River at Poona; types: BMNH ?; also in Sykes,
1839b: 60, 1841: 370, pl. 65 fig. 1)
Pimelodus Carnaticus Jerdon, 1849: 341 (type locality: In-
dia: Bowany River; types: NT)
Bagarius lica Volz, 1903a: 557 (type locality: Indonesia:
Sumatra: Moesi River [Musi] near Palembang; holotype:
NMBE 10207663; also in Volz, 1903b: 391)
Bagarius Nieuwenhuisii Popta, 1904: 190 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bo River; holo-
type: RMNH 7561, Roberts, 1983: 438; also in Popta,
1906: 66, pl. 4 fig. 14)
Caelatoglanis Ng & Kottelat, 2005
Caelatoglanis Ng & Kottelat, 2005: 14 (type species: Cae-
latoglanis zonatus Ng & Kottelat, 2005: 14, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. The word glanis can be Greek (fem-
inine gender) or Latin (masculine gender). The original de-
scription explicitly indicated that the Latin glanis was used
to form the name, therefore it is masculine.
Caelatoglanis zonatus Ng & Kottelat, 2005
Caelatoglanis zonatus Ng & Kottelat, 2005: 14, fig. 2 (type
locality: Myanmar: Kayin State, stream "Chon Son" be-
tween Kyondaw and Phadaw, about 20 km northwest of
Payathouzu [Payathonzu] (at border with Thailand),
15°25'N 98°15'E; ZRC 49885, Ng & Lim, 2008: 56,
fig. 47)
Chimarrichthys Sauvage, 1874
Chimarrichthys Sauvage, 1874: 332 (type species: Chimar-
richthys davidi Sauvage, 1874: 333, by monotypy; not a
junior homonym of Cheimarrhichthys Haast, 1874 [June]:
103). Gender masculine.
Euchiloglanis Regan, 1907e: 158 (unnecessary replacement
name for Chimarrichthys Sauvage, 1874: 332). Gender
feminine.
Family SISORIDAE
Sisoridae
Sisorichthyoidei Bleeker, 1858j: 48, 50 (type genus: Sisor
Hamilton, 1822: 208, 379)
Glyptosterni Gill, 1861h: 53 (type genus: Glyptosternon
M'Clelland, 1842a: 584)
Erethistides Bleeker, 1862c: 13 (type genus: Erethistes
Müller & Troschel, 1849: 12)
Bagarina Günther, 1864a: 183 (type genus: Bagarius Blee-
ker, 1853o: 121
Exostomastina Günther, 1864a: 264 (type genus: Exostoma
Blyth, 1860b: 155)
Nangrina Pinna, 1996: 62 (type genus: Nangra Day, 1877a:
493)
Pseudecheneidina Pinna, 1996: 64 (type genus: Pseudeche-
neis Blyth, 1860b: 154)
Glyptothoracini Pinna, 1996: 64 (type genus: Glyptothorax
Blyth, 1860b: 154)
Continae Pinna, 1996: 64 (type genus: Conta Hora, 1950a:
194)
Laguviini Pinna, 1996: 65 (type genus: Laguvia Hora,
1921d: 739)
Taxonomic notes. Compilation by Thomson & Page (2006).
Placement of Erethistidae in Sisoridae follows Ng (2010b).
Ayarnangra Roberts, 2001
Ayarnangra Roberts, 2001: 83 (type species: Ayarnangra
estuarius Roberts, 2001: 84, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Ayarnangra estuarius Roberts, 2001
Ayarnangra estuarius Roberts, 2001: 84, figs. 1–3 (type lo-
cality: Myanmar: Pathein Chaung (= Ngawan Chaung)
near Pathein, lower Ayeyarwady basin; holotype: KUMF
3190)
Bagarius Bleeker, 1853
Bagarius Bleeker, 1853o: 121 (type species: Bagarius bu-
chanani Bleeker, 1853o: 121, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton, 1822)
Pimelodus bagarius Hamilton, 1822: 186, 378, pl. 7 fig. 62
(type locality: India: Ganges basin [Calcutta; Hora, 1949:
70]; types: NT [Eschmeyer, 2010 recorded a syntype as
BMNH 1857.6.13.151, which is unlikely since Hamil-
ton's is not known to have preserved specimens])
? Pimelodus platespogon Valenciennes, in Jacquemont,
1839: pl. 18 fig. 3 (type locality: India: holotype: fig-
ured specimen out of MNHN 2904 [2], Daget, 1984: 514)
Bagarius Buchanani Bleeker, 1853o: 121 (type locality:
India: Hooghly River in Calcutta / Indonesia: Java: Pepeh
River in Surakarta; syntypes [3, 318–370 mm TL]:
? NMV 46015 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 383)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
222
Coraglanis Hora & Silas, 1952: 12 (type species: Euchilogla-
nis kishinouyei Kimura, 1934: 178, by original designa-
tion). Gender masculine (Code art. 30.1.4.2).
Nomenclatural notes. Regan (1907e: 158) created Eu-
chiloglanis as a replacement name for Chimarrichthys, which
he considered preoccupied by Cheimarrhichthys Haast,
1874: 103. Because the two names differ by one letter, they
are not homonyms and Chimarrichthys is available. As Chi-
marrichthys has been used as valid after 1900 (e.g. Regan,
1905b: 183), it cannot be declared a nomen oblitum under
Code art. 23.9.2 and must be used.
Regan (1907) did not indicate the gender of Euchilogla-
nis. The word glanis can be Greek (feminine gender) or Latin
(masculine gender). Because Regan used the Greek prefix
eu-, I conclude he intended the Greek glanis and therefore
Euchiloglanis is feminine (Code art. 30.1.2).
Hora & Silas (1938) did not indicate the gender of Cora-
glanis. I retain it as masculine under Code art. 30.1.4.2.
[Cheimarrichthys Haast, 1874: 103 (type species: Cheimarrichthys fos-
teri Haast, 1874: 103, by monotypy). Gender masculine].
Chimarrichthys longus (Zhou, Li & Thomson, 2011)
Euchiloglanis longus Zhou, Li & Thomson, 2011a: 13, fig. 7
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Jingdong County: Mola,
24°26'54.07"N 100°49'58.77"E, a small tributary of
Chuanhe, upper Lixian-Jiang, a tributary of Red River;
holotype: SWFC 200311007)
Creteuchiloglanis Zhou, Li & Thomson, 2011
Creteuchiloglanis Zhou, Li & Thomson, 2011b: 227 (type
species: Creteuchiloglanis longipectoralis Zhou, Li &
Thomson, 2011b: 236). Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. Although Euchiloglanis and Pareu-
chiloglanis are feminine, Creteuchiloglanis is masculine,
since the authors decided so.
Creteuchiloglanis brachypterus Zhou, Li & Thomson, 2011
Creteuchiloglanis brachypterus Zhou, Li & Thomson,
2011b: 227, fig. 4 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Teng-
chong County: Houqiao of Guyong, 25°19.00'N
98°18.00'E, Binglang-Jiang, upper Daying-Jiang, Ir-
rawaddy River basin; holotype: SWFC 0102191)
Creteuchiloglanis gongshanensis (Chu, 1981)
Pareuchiloglanis gongshanensis Chu, 1981a: 28, fig. 2 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Gongshan County: Gongshan
City [27°44.27'N 98°40.02'E], upper reaches of Nu Jiang
River [Salween]; holotype: KIZ 731202)
Taxonomic notes. Zhou et al. (2011b: 232) listed the type
locality of C. gongshanensis as Gongshan Town in the up-
per Salween drainage. In the original description, Chu (1981:
31, English summary) gave it as "Gongshan Xian, a county
at the upper reaches of Lantsang River", which is the
Mekong. The Chinese text mentions only "Gongshan County
City". The only Gongshan of which I am aware is on the
Salween.
Creteuchiloglanis kamengensis (Jayaram, 1966)
Euchiloglanis kamengensis Jayaram, 1966a: 85, fig. 1 (type
locality: India: NEFA [Northeast Frontier Agency,
Arunachal Pradesh]: Kameng Frontier Division: Norgum
River at Kalaktang, 1372 masl; holotype: ZSI F 2105/2,
Zhou et al., 2011b: 235, fig. 7)
Creteuchiloglanis longipectoralis Zhou, Li & Thomson,
2011
Creteuchiloglanis longipectoralis Zhou, Li & Thomson,
2011b: 236, fig. 8 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Lan-
ping County: Yingpan, from mainstream of Lancang-
Jiang [Mekong], 26°28.29'N 99°09.27'E; holotype:
SWFC 0411001)
Creteuchiloglanis macropterus (Ng, 2004)
Pareuchiloglanis macropterus Ng, 2004c: 3, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Salween [Nu Jiang] drainage:
Laowo River, a tributary of Salween, about 5 km before
Liuku on Yongping–Liuku road; 25°50'18.6"N
98°53'46.8"E; holotype: ZRC 49124, Ng & Lim, 2008:
63, fig. 50)
Erethistes Müller & Troschel, 1849
Erethistes Müller & Troschel, 1849: 12 (type species: Ere-
thistes pusillus Müller & Troschel, 1849: 12, by mono-
typy). Gender masculine.
Erethistes pusillus Müller & Troschel, 1849
Erethistes pusillus Müller & Troschel, 1849: 12, pl. 1 fig. 3
(type locality: India: Assam; holotype: ZMB 3102, Fer-
raris, 2007: 384; figure reproduced in Hora, 1950a: 187)
Erethistoides Hora, 1950
Erethistoides Hora, 1950a: 190 (type species: Erethistoides
montana Hora, 1950a: 191, by original designation).
Gender feminine (Code art. 30.1.4.4, use of feminine
ending for single included species).
Erethistoides longispinis Ng, Ferraris & Neely, 2012
Erethistoides longispinis Ng, Ferraris & Neely, 2012: 56,
fig. 1 (type locality: Myanmar: Magway Division: Chind-
win River, ca. 7.6 km SE of Pakangyi, 21°29'54.4"N
95°15'58.7"E; holotype: CAS 229022)
Erethistoides luteola Ng, Ferraris & Neely, 2012
Erethistoides luteolus Ng, Ferraris & Neely, 2012: 60, fig. 3
(type locality: Myanmar: Mandalay Division: Sittang
River drainage, Newin River at bridge, 438 km from
Yangon on road to Mandalay, 20°4'46.9"N 96°15'17.9"E;
holotype: NRM 61894)
Erethistoides vescula Ng, Ferraris & Neely, 2012
Erethistoides vesculus Ng, Ferraris & Neely, 2012: 64, fig. 4
(type locality: Myanmar: Rakhine State: headwaters of
Ann Chaung drainage, approx 19 km E by S of Ann,
19°43'N 94°11'E; holotype: UMMZ 249554)
Exostoma Blyth, 1860
Exostoma Blyth, 1860b: 155 (type species: Exostoma berd-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
223
morei Blyth, 1860b: 155, by subsequent designation by
Bleeker, 1862c: 13). Gender neuter.
Exostoma berdmorei Blyth, 1860
Exostoma Bermorei Blyth, 1860b: 155 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Tenasserim; syntypes: ZSI ASB 597 [2], ZSI ASB
600 [1], Hora & Silas, 1952: 23, 27, Menon & Yazdani,
1968: 127)
Exostoma chaudhurii (Hora, 1923)
Glyptosternum chaudhurii Hora, 1923a: 41, fig. 7 (type lo-
cality: Burma: Putao plains; holotype: ZSI F 9741/1,
Hora & Silas, 1952: 25, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 127)
Exostoma labiatum (M'Clelland, 1842)
Glyptosternon labiatus M'Clelland, 1842a: 588 (type local-
ity: India: Meghalaya: Mishmee Hills; holotype [p. 174]:
BMNH 1860.3.19.97, Ferraris, 2007: 385)
Exostoma stuarti (Hora, 1923)
Glyptosternum stuarti Hora, 1923a: 39, pl. 2 figs. 4–6 (type
locality: Burma: "northern frontier" [Putao Plains ?]:
Nam-Yak River at Tanja; holotype: ZSI F 9742/1, Me-
non & Yazdani, 1968: 127)
Exostoma vinciguerrae Regan, 1905
Exostoma Vinciguerrae Regan, 1905b: 184 (type locality:
Burma: Khakhyen Hills [land of the Catcin Cauri and
valley of Iado; Vinciguerra, 1890: 252]; syntypes: BMNH
1898.2.16.17, Ferraris, 2007: 385 [as holotype] and
material of Exostoma labiatum of Vinciguerra, 1890: 252:
MCSNG, ZSI 10259/1 [2], NMW 46487, Hora & Silas,
1952: 25, Steinitz, 1961: 113; vinciguerrae is correct
original spelling [Code art. 31.1.1 and Example], vin-
ciguerrai is either an incorrect subsequent spelling or an
unjustified emendation)
Gagata Bleeker, 1858
Gagata Bleeker, 1858j: 204, 206 (type species: Pimelodus
gagata Hamilton, 1822: 197, by absolute tautonymy).
Gender masculine [Code art. 30.2.3].
Callomystax Günther, 1864a: 218 (type species: Pimelodus
gagata Hamilton, 1822: 197; not a replacement name;
objective junior synonym of Gagata Bleeker, 1858j: 204,
206). Gender masculine.
Gagata dolichonema He, 1996
Gagata dolichonema He, 1996: 380, fig. 1 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: Baoshan County: Daojieba [24°41'N
99°10'E]; holotype: IHB 791)
Gagata gasawyuh Roberts & Ferraris, 1998: 325, figs. 6–7
(type locality: Myanmar: Tenasserim River mainstream
upstream from Kita (or Htee-tah); holotype: CAS 95544)
Gagata melanopterus Roberts & Ferraris, 1998
Gagata melanopterus Roberts & Ferraris, 1998: 330, fig. 10
(type locality: Myanmar: Yangon Division: Hlaing
River, 16°53'41"N 96°05'28"E; holotype: USNM
348852)
Glaridoglanis Norman, 1925
Glaridoglanis Norman, 1925b: 574 (type species: Exosto-
ma andersonii Day, 1870a: 524, by monotypy). Gender
feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. Norman (1925b) did not indicate the
gender of Glaridoglanis. The word glanis can be Greek (fem-
inine gender) or Latin (masculine gender). Because he used
the prefix glarido- (from the Greek word glaris, chisel),
I conclude he intended the Greek glanis. Therefore the gen-
der is feminine (Code art. 30.1.2).
Glaridoglanis andersonii (Day, 1870)
Exostoma andersonii Day, 1870a: 524 (type locality: Chi-
na: Yunnan: Hotham [Hotha in Hora & Silas, 1952: 22;
now Husa, in Irrawaddy basin] / China: Yunnan: Ponsee
[a Kakhyen village on Daying Jiang; Anderson, 1879:
xiv, 1876: map]; syntypes [4]: ZSI A.595 [2], A.596 [2,
lost], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 157, or ZSI F 9173/1
[1], 9174/1 [1], AMS B.8081 [1], Hora & Silas, 1952:
22, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 127 [3 catalogue numbers
listed for 2 syntypes], Ferraris et al., 2000: 294)
Glyptosternon M'Clelland, 1842
Glyptosternon M'Clelland, 1842a: 584 (type species: Glyp-
tosternon reticulatus M'Clelland, 1842a: 584, by
subse-
quent designation by Blyth, 1860b: 154). Gender neuter.
Glyptosternum Agassiz, 1846: 164 (unjustified emendation of
Glyptosternon M'Clelland, 1842a: 584). Gender neuter.
Parexostoma Regan, 1905b: 182 (type species: Exostoma
stoliczkae Day, 1877b: 782, by subsequent designation
by Jordan, 1920: 515). Gender neuter.
Glyptosternon malaisei Rendahl & Vestergren, 1941
Glyptosternon malaisei Rendahl & Vestergren, 1941: 213
(type locality: N. E. Burma: [Kachin State, Irrawaddy
drainage]: Kambaiti; holotype: NRM 10721)
Glyptothorax Blyth, 1860
Glyptothorax Blyth, 1860b: 154 (type species: Glyptoster-
non striatus M'Clelland, 1842a: 587, by subsequent des-
ignation by Bleeker, 1862c: 13). Gender masculine.
Aglyptosternon Bleeker, 1862c: 12 (type species: Silurus
cous Linné, 1766: 504, by original designation). Gender
neuter.
Euclyptosternum Günther, 1864a: 183 (unnecessary repla-
cement name for Aglyptosternon Bleeker, 1862c: 12).
Gender neuter.
Aclyptosternon Günther, 1864a: 183 (incorrect subsequent
spelling of Aglyptosternon Bleeker, 1862c: 12).
Aclyptostenon Day, 1877a: 499 (unjustified emendation of
Aglyptosternon Bleeker, 1862c: 12). Gender neuter.
Pteroglanis Fowler, 1934a: 92 (type species: Pteroglanis
horai Fowler, 1934a: 92, by original designation; junior
homonym of Pteroglanis Eigenmann & Pearson, in Pear-
son, 1924: 9, in Pisces). Gender feminine.
Pteropsoglanis Fowler, 1934b: 351 (replacement name for
Pteroglanis Fowler, 1934a: 92). Gender feminine.
Sundagagata Boeseman, 1966: 243 (type species: Sunda-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
224
gagata robusta Boeseman, 1966: 243, by original des-
ignation). Gender feminine [Code art. 30.2.3].
Superglyptothorax Li, 1986: 524 (subgenus of Glyptotho-
rax Blyth, 1860b: 154; type species: Glyptothorax co-
heni Ganguly, Datta & Sen, 1972: 342, by original des-
ignation). Gender masculine.
Paraglyptothorax Li, 1986: 524 (subgenus of Glyptothorax
Blyth, 1860b: 154; type species: Glyptothorax pallozo-
num Lin, 1934b: 228, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. Pteroglanis, being explicitly formed
on the classical Greek word glanis (see Steyskal, 1980: 170),
it is feminine (Code art. 30.1.2). The etymology of Ptero-
psoglanis, a replacement for Pteroglanis, was not given; it
seems logical that the Greek word glanis was also used and
it too is feminine.
Euclyptosternum Günther, 1864a: 183 is not an emen-
dation of Aglyptosternon Bleeker, 1862c: 12. Bleeker based
the new genus and its name on the absence of the adhesive
apparatus (the prefix a– means without). Günther observed
that in the type material of the type species this apparatus is
present and therefore the name was not appropriate. As the
name was not appropriate, Günther "altered" it (his word)
and renamed it with a more appropriate name (the prefix
eu– means true). In the present case, the "alteration" is not
the correction of a spelling (an emendation) but the correc-
tion of an unappropriate name (a new name), which formal-
ly is a replacement name, whatever the wording used by
Günther. Although Günther's action makes sense, it is not
allowed by the Code.
Nomen nudum
Glyptothorax raobutensis Nguyen [T. T.], 2003: 44 (not
available, nomen nudum; locality: Vietnam: Phong Nha-
Ke Bang)
Glyptothorax ater Anganthoibi & Vishwanath, 2011
Glyptothorax ater Anganthoibi & Vishwanath, 2011: 324,
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Mizoram: Lawntlai District:
Koladyne River at Kolchaw, 22°23'N 92°57'E; holotype:
MUMF 10044)
Glyptothorax buchanani Smith, 1945
Glyptothorax buchanani Smith, 1945: 402, fig. 89 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Metum, small
swift affluent of Mechem, tributary of Meping [Mae Nam
Ping]; holotype: USNM 117754)
Glyptothorax burmanicus Prashad & Mukerji, 1929
Glyptothorax burmanicus Prashad & Mukerji, 1929: 184,
fig. 5, pl. 7 fig. 3 (type locality: Burma: Myitkyina Dis-
trict: stream Sankhla, midway between Kamaing and
Mogaung; holotype: ZSI F 10877/1, Menon & Yazdani,
1968: 129)
Glyptothorax chindwinica Vishwanath & Linthoingambi,
2007: 2622 [+ fig. 6 in "web supplement"] (type locali-
ty: India: Manipur: Iril River, Urup, Chindwin drainage;
holotype: MUMF 6366)
Taxonomic notes. Glyptothorax burmanicus was earlier
considered to be a synonym of G. cavia; treated as valid
fol-
lowing Ng & Kottelat (2008b: 133). Synonymy follows Ng
& Lalramliana (2012: 47) and Ng & Kullander (2013: 560).
[Pimelodus cavia Hamilton, 1822: 188, 378 (type locality: India: "north-
ern rivers of Bengal"; types: NT)].
Glyptothorax callopterus Smith, 1945
Glyptothorax callopterus Smith, 1945: 400, fig. 87 (type
locality: Thailand: Trang Province: waterfall stream on
Kao Chong, near Trang; holotype: USNM 109820)
Glyptothorax caudimaculatus Anganthoibi & Vish-
wanath, 2011
Glyptothorax caudimaculatus Anganthoibi & Vishwanath,
2011: 326, fig. 3 (type locality: India: Mizoram: Lawnt-
lai District: Koladyne River at Kolchaw, 22°23'N
92°57'E; holotype: MUMF 10029)
Glyptothorax chimtuipuiensis Anganthoibi & Vish-
wanath, 2010
Glyptothorax chimtuipuiensis Anaganthoibi & Vishwanath,
2010a: 57, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Mizoram: Lawnt-
lai District: Koladyne River at Kolchaw, 22°23'N
92°57'E; holotype: MUMF 10022)
Glyptothorax churamanii Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2012
Glyptothorax churamanii Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2012b:
80, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Mizoram: Lawntlai: Ka-
ladan River at Kolchaw, 22°23'N 92°57'E; holotype:
MUMF 14023)
Glyptothorax coracinus Ng & Rainboth, 2008
Glyptothorax coracinus Ng & Rainboth, 2008: 61, fig. 1
(type locality: Cambodia: Pursat, Ket River on road be-
tween Pramaoy and Thmor Da, 12°12'N 102°47'E; ho-
lotype: UMMZ 248415)
Glyptothorax cyanochloros (Bleeker, 1846)
Pimelodus cyanochloros Bleeker, 1846d: 11 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Solo River; syntypes: ? SMNS 10569
[6], Fricke, 1991: 20; also in Bleeker, 1847d: 168)
Glyptothorax deqinensis Mo & Chu, 1986
Glyptothorax deqinensis Mo & Chu, 1986: 345, fig. 6 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Deqin County, 28°30'N 99°00'E
[Mekong drainage]; holotype: KIZ 748621)
Glyptothorax dorsalis Vinciguerra, 1890
Glyptothorax dorsalis Vinciguerra, 1890: 246, pl. 7 figs. 4–
4a (type locality: Burma: Meetan [Mitan Chaung, rivu-
let flowing south from summit of Mulayet Taung,
16°11'N 98°32'E; Ng & Kottelat, 2001: 500]; holotype:
MCSNG 14417, Ferraris, 2007: 389)
Glyptothorax minutus Hora, 1921a: 180, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: India: Manipur: Imphal stream near Karong; synty-
pes [4]: ZSI, lost, Hora, 1921a: 182)
Glyptothorax exodon Ng & Rachmatika, 2005
Glyptothorax exodon Ng & Rachmatika, 2005: 251, fig. 1
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat:
Sungai Tekelan; holotype: MZB 9940)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
225
Glyptothorax filicatus Ng & Freyhof, 2008
Glyptothorax filicatus Ng & Freyhof, 2008: 12, fig. 1 (type
locality: Vietnam: Thua Thien Hue Province: Mekong
drainage, stream draining to Se Sap River, 12 km east of
A Luoi, 16°20.57'N 107°09.41'E; holotype: ZFMK
34398)
Glyptothorax fucatus Jiang, Ng, Yang & Chen, 2012
Glyptothorax fucatus Jiang, Ng, Yang & Chen, 2012: 380,
fig. 10 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Lincang Prefec-
ture: Cangyuan County: Banhong Township: Fugong
Village, Fungong River (a tributary of Xiaohei, itself trib-
utary of Nanting, Salween drainage), 963 masl,
23°19'47.2"N 99°07'28.3"E; holotype: KIZ 20050410936)
Glyptothorax fuscus Fowler, 1934
Glyptothorax fuscus Fowler, 1934a: 89, figs. 31–33 (type
locality: Thailand: Chantaboon [Chantaburi]; holotype:
ANSP 59358, Böhlke, 1984: 157)
Glyptothorax granosus Jiang, Ng, Yang & Chen, 2012
Glyptothorax granosus Jiang, Ng, Yang & Chen, 2012: 377,
fig. 9 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Nujiang Prefecture:
Lushui County: Liuku Township: Manbu Village, Man-
bu River (a tributary of Salween), 25°52'44.4"N
98°50'27.8"E; holotype: KIZ 2000000586)
Glyptothorax granulus Vishwanath & Linthoingambi,
2007
Glyptothorax granulus Vishwanath & Linthoingambi, 2007:
2620 [+ fig. 5 in "web supplement"] (type locality: In-
dia: Manipur: Ukhrul District: Iril River, Phungdar,
Chindwin drainage; holotype: MUMF 6151)
Glyptothorax hainanensis (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Glyptosternon hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927: 333, fig. 7
(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH
8362)
Taxonomic notes. Record of G. fokiensis from coastal drain-
ages of Guangxi (Shi Wan Da Shan) by Zhao & Zhang
(2001b) is G. hainanensis. See also Chen et al. (2007).
[Glyptosternum fokiensis Rendahl, 1925: 307 (type locality: China: Fok-
ien [Fujian]: Lian Cheng County: Lieng-Cheng-Hsien, Lan-Hiao [Lian
Cheng, Lan Chiao bridge]; syntypes [2]: NRM 10018 [2])].
Glyptothorax honghensis Li, 1984
Glyptothorax fukiensis honghensis Li, 1984b: 66, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Hekou [22°36'N, 103°58'E],
Weisnan [Weishan County, 25°16'N 100°21'E], Nanjian
Xian [Nanjian County, 25°04'N 100°32'E], all in Hong
He drainage [Yuan Jiang, Red River, Song Hong]; syn-
types: KIZ 6440430, 474, 6507022, 133, 134, 137 [6];
spelt honghenensis p. 69, first reviser [Ferraris, 2007:
390] gave precedence to honghensis)
Glyptothorax horai (Fowler, 1934)
Pteroglanis horai Fowler, 1934a: 92, figs. 37–40 (type lo-
cality: Burma: S. Shan States: Sop Lao, in Maun Luang;
holotype: ANSP 59462, Böhlke, 1984: 157)
Nomenclatural notes. Glyptothorax horai Shaw & Sheb-
beare, 1936: 189 is a junior secondary homonym, replaced
by G. indicus Talwar & Jhingran, 1991: 654.
Glyptothorax igniculus Ng & Kullander, 2013
Glyptothorax igniculus Ng & Kullander, 2013: 553, fig. 1
(type locality: Myanmar: Sagaing Region: left bank of
Myittha River approximately 8 km NE by E of Kalay-
myo, 23°13'41"N 94°07'59"E; holotype: NRM 64520)
Glyptothorax interspinalum (Mai, 1978)
Glyptosternon interspinalum Mai, 1978: 271, fig. 120 (type
locality: northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT)
Glyptothorax merus Li, 1984a: 79, fig. 2 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: Jingdong County [Red River drainage];
holotype: KIZ 737159)
Nomenclatural notes. Although they look like Latin words,
the words spinalum and interspinalum are not Latin (they
do not exist in dictionaries) and therefore they do not have
to agree in gender with the genus name (Code art. 31.2.3).
Glyptothorax jayarami Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2012
Glyptothorax jayarami Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2012a:
55, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Mizoram: Lawntlai Dis-
trict: Kaladan River at Kolchaw, 22°23'N 92°57'E; ho-
lotype: MUMF 14012)
Glyptothorax ketambe Ng & Rachmatika, 2009
Glyptothorax ketambe Ng & Rachmatika, 2009: 62, fig. 1
(type locality: Sumatra: Nangroe Aceh Darussalam Prov-
ince: Sungai Alas at Ketambe Research Station; holo-
type: MZB 8694)
Glyptothorax laak (Popta, 1904)
Glyptosternum laak Popta, 1904: 190 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Howong River [about
0°15'N 115°30'E]; syntypes: RMNH 7562 [3]; also in
Popta, 1906: 71, pl. 4 fig. 15)
Glyptothorax lampris Fowler, 1934
Glyptothorax lampris Fowler, 1934a: 91, figs. 34–36 (type
locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP 59357,
Böhlke, 1984: 157)
Glyptothorax lanceatus Ng, Jiang & Chen, 2012
Glyptothorax lanceatus Ng, Jiang & Chen, 2012: 55: figs. 1–
2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Baoshan Prefecture:
Bawan township: Nujiang [Salween] at Mangdan vil-
lage; 24°56'00"N 98°53'29"E, 690 masl; holotype: KIZ
2006009835)
Glyptothorax laosensis Fowler, 1934
Glyptothorax laosensis Fowler, 1934a: 88, figs. 28–30 (type
locality: Thailand: Bua Yai, East Siam; holotype: ANSP
59412, Böhlke, 1984: 157)
Glyptothorax longicauda Li, 1984
Glyptothorax longicauda Li, 1984a: 80, fig. 3 (type locali-
ty: China: Yunnan: Tengchong [upper Irrawaddy drain-
age]; holotype: KIZ 764126)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
226
Glyptothorax longinema Li, 1984
Glyptothorax longinema Li, 1984a: 81, fig. 6 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: Nujiang Prefecture: Lushui County:
Liuku Township: Bijiang [Salween drainage]; holotype:
KIZ 741097, Jiang et al., 2012: 373, fig. 8a)
Glyptothorax rubermentus Li, 1984a: 83, fig. 8 (type local-
ity: China: Yunnan: Baoshan County: Wayao Township
[Mekong drainage]; holotype: KIZ 749356, Jiang et al.,
2012: 375, fig. 8c; spelt rubenmentus p. 88, an inadvert-
ent error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code art.
32.5.1]; simultaneous subjective synonym of Glyptotho-
rax longinema Li, 1984a: 81, first revisers [Jiang et al.,
2012: 377] gave precedence to G. longinema)
Glyptothorax longjiangensis Mo & Chu, 1986
Glyptothorax longjiangensis Mo & Chu, 1986: 344, fig. 5
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Tengchong County:
Longjiang River (upper tributary of Irrawaddy), 25°00'N
98°30'E; holotype: KIZ 764246)
Glyptothorax macromaculatus Li, 1984
Glyptothorax macromaculatus Li, 1984a: 82, fig. 7 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Yangbi County [Mekong drain-
age]; holotype: KIZ 748804 [19740011228, Jiang et al.,
2012: 386])
Taxonomic notes. Pteroglanis horai Fowler, 1934a: 92 was
listed as a possible senior synonym by Kottelat (2001c: 138).
It is treated as distinct following Jiang et al. (2012: 385).
Glyptothorax major (Boulenger, 1894)
Akysis major Boulenger, 1894a: 246 (type locality: Malaysia:
Borneo: Sarawak: Senah, Tagora and Baram Rivers; synty-
pes: BMNH 1892.9.2.59 [1], 1892.10.7.26 [1], 1893.3.6.173–
177 [5], 1893.3.6.178 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 391)
Glyptosternum kükenthali Steindachner, 1901: 448, pl. 18
fig. 5 (type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram
River; holotype: SMF 752, Ferraris, 2007: 391; incor-
rect original spelling, must be emended to kuekenthali,
Code art. 32.5.2.1)
Glyptosternum tiong Popta, 1904: 191 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Kajan River; syntypes:
RMNH 7564 [2]; also in Popta, 1906: 75, pl. 4 fig. 16)
Glyptothorax manipurensis Menon, 1955
Glyptothorax manipurensis Menon, 1955: 23, fig. 1 (type
locality: India: Manipur: Brahmaputra basin: Barak Riv-
er, Karong; holotype: ZSI F 738/2, Menon & Yazdani,
1968: 130)
Glyptothorax minimaculatus Li, 1984
Glyptothorax minimaculatus Li, 1984a: 81, fig. 5 (type lo-
cality: China: Yunnan: Tengchong [upper Irrawaddy
drainage]; holotype: KIZ 764336)
Glyptothorax ngapang Vishwanath & Linthoingambi,
2007
Glyptothorax ngapang Vishwanath & Linthoingambi, 2007:
2619 [+ fig. 4 on "web supplement"] (type locality: In-
dia: Manipur: Iril River, Bamonkampu, Chindwin drain-
age; holotype: MUMF 6131)
Glyptothorax nieuwenhuisi (Vaillant, 1902)
Glyptosternon Nieuwenhuisi Vaillant, 1902: 72, figs. 14–15
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur:
Bloeoe River [Bluu, 0°42'N 114°24'E] / Kalimantan
Barat: Kapuas basin: Sebroeang [Sebruang] [Vaillant,
1893b: 73]; syntypes: RMNH, MNHN 1891-0483–0487
[5, now 4], 1903-0189, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 33)
Glyptothorax obliquimaculatus Jiang, Chen & Yang, 2010
Glyptothorax obliquimaculatus Jiang, Chen & Yang, 2010:
126, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Lincang City,
Gengma County, Mengding Township: Xiaohei River (a
primary tributary of Nanting River, itself a tributary of
Salween); 23°30'08.9"N 99°01'42.9"E; holotype: KIZ
200504151904)
Glyptothorax pallozonus (Lin, 1934)
Glyptosternum pallozonum Lin, 1934b: 228, figs. 7–8 (type
locality: China: Guangdong: Poh-Lo District: Loh Fau
Shan; holotype: FESC G 10)
Glyptothorax panda Ferraris & Britz, 2005
Glyptothorax panda Ferraris & Britz, 2005: 376, fig. 1 (type
locality: Myanmar: Kachin State: Upper Irrawaddy Riv-
er drainage, hill stream 8 miles from Kamaing on road
to Tanai, vicinity of Myitkyina; holotype: USNM
384824)
Glyptothorax platypogon (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Va-
lenciennes, 1840)
Pimelodus platypogon Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1840b: 152 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; syn-
types: MNHN 2903 [2], B.196 [2], RMNH 2998 [3],
Roberts, 1993b: 31, Ng & Rachmatika, 2005: 255)
Pimelodus gymnocephalus Bleeker, 1863a: 63 (not avail-
able, name listed in synonymy)
Sundagagata robusta Boeseman, 1966: 243, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Java: river near Buitenzorg [Bogor];
holotype: RMNH 25264)
Glyptothorax platypogonides (Bleeker, 1855)
Pimelodus platypogonides Bleeker, 1855h: 272 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Sumatra: Lahat; syntypes: [4, 70–85 mm
TL]: part of RMNH 6912 [4], 15289 [3], BMNH
1863.12.4.154 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 392)
Nomenclatural notes. Correct spelling is G. platypogonides,
not G. platypogonoides.
Glyptothorax plectilis Ng & Hadiaty, 2008
Glyptothorax plectilis Ng & Hadiaty, 2008: 138, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh: Sungai Ketambe, a
tributary of Sungai Alas, 3°41'N 97°39'E; holotype: MZB
8702)
Glyptothorax prashadi Mukerji, 1932
Glyptothorax prashadi Mukerji, 1932: 281, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Burma: Mergui District: Kyenchaung River; ho-
lotype: ZSI F 11334/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 129)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
227
Glyptothorax quadriocellatus (Mai, 1978)
Glyptosternon quadriocellatum Mai, 1978: 272, fig. 121
(type locality: northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT)
Glyptosternon minutum Mai, 1978: 274, fig. 122 (type lo-
cality: northern Vietnam; syntypes: DVZUT; secondary
junior homonym of Glyptothorax minutus Hora, 1921a:
180; simultaneous subjective synonym of Glyptosternon
quadriocellatum Mai, 1978: 272, first reviser [Kottelat,
2001a: 54] gave precedence to G. quadriocellatum)
Glyptothorax obscura Li, 1984a: 78, fig. 1 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: Jingdon County [Red River drainage];
holotype: KIZ 737197)
Glyptothorax spectrum Kottelat, 2001a: 55 (replacement
name for Glyptosternon minutum Mai, 1978: 274)
Glyptothorax rugimentum Ng & Kottelat, 2008
Glyptothorax rugimentum Ng & Kottelat, 2008b: 129, fig. 1
(type locality: Myanmar: Kayin State: Ataran River drain-
age, stream "Chon Son" between Kyondaw and Phadaw,
about 20 km northwest of Payathouzu [Payathonzu] (at
border with Thailand), 15°25'N 98°15'E; holotype: ZRC
50572)
Glyptothorax schmidti (Volz, 1904)
Callomystax schmidti Volz, 1904: 470 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Simbolon hills [Dolok Simbolon; 3°01'N
98°54'E], 1400 masl, 4 hours from Talun Madear [see
also Schneider, 1905: 15]; syntypes [5]: NMBA 2827
[1], MHNG 682.22 [1], NMW, Weber & de Beaufort,
1921: 71, Kottelat & Sutter, 1988: 54, Weber, 1998: 9)
Glyptothorax siamensis Hora, 1923
Glyptothorax siamensis Hora, 1923b: 168, pl. 12 figs. 1–3
(type locality: Thailand: Nakon Sritamarat hills; holo-
type: ZSI F 10548/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 129)
Glyptothorax strabonis Ng & Freyhof, 2008
Glyptothorax strabonis Ng & Freyhof, 2008: 16, fig. 4 (type
locality: Vietnam: Quang Binh Province: market in Phong
Nha; holotype: UMMZ 245669)
Glyptothorax trilineatus Blyth, 1860
Glyptothorax trilineatus Blyth, 1860b: 154 (type locality:
Burma: Tenasserim; syntypes: ZSI F 10380/1 [2], Me-
non & Yazdani, 1968: 130)
Glyptothorax trilineatoides Li, 1984a: 80, fig. 4 (type lo-
cality: China: Yunnan: Luxi County; holotype: KIZ
765480)
? Glyptothorax ventrolineatus Vishwanath & Linthoingam-
bi, 2006: 201, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Ukhrul
District: Iril River; holotype: MUMF L0221)
Glyptothorax verrucosus Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2012
Glyptothorax verrucosus Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2012c:
148, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Mizoram: Lawntlai Dis-
trict: Kaladan River at Kolchaw, 22°23'N 92°57'E; ho-
lotype: MUMF 14001)
Glyptothorax zanaensis Wu, He & Chu, 1981
Glyptothorax zanaensis Wu, He & Chu, 1981: 74, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Xizang: Changdu Zana, Nu Jiang
drainage; syntypes: IHB 606164–166, 168, 170–174,
178, 651–653 [13], Jiang et al., 2012: 369, fig. 4a)
Hara Blyth, 1860
Hara Blyth, 1860b: 152 (type species: Hara buchanani
Blyth, 1860b: 152, by original designation). Gender fem-
inine.
Laguvia Hora, 1921d: 739 (type species: Pimelodus aspe-
rus M'Clelland, 1844a: 404, by subsequent designation
by Jordan, 1923: 148). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. Synonymies follow Ng & Kottelat (2007b).
Records of Hara hara in the area are mis-identifications.
[Pimelodus hara Hamilton, 1822: 190, 378 (type locality: India: Hooghly
River south of Ranaghat [original type locality: India: Kosi River;
Nathpur; Hora, 1949: 70]; neotype: UMMZ 244697, designated by
Ng & Kottelat, 2005: 20; Hamilton's unpublished figure reproduced
in Hora, 1929a: pl. 21 fig. 5, Ng & Kottelat, 2005: 20, fig. 6)].
Hara filamentosa Blyth, 1860
Hara filamentosa Blyth, 1860b: 152 (type locality: Myan-
mar: Kayin state: Ataran River drainage: Megathat
Chaung system, stream "Chon Son" between Kyondaw
and Phadaw, about 20 km northwest of Payathouzu
[Payathonzu] (at border with Thailand), 15°25'N 98°15'E
[original type locality: Burma: Tenasserim]; neotype:
MHNG 2687.038, designated by Ng & Kottelat, 2007b:
502 [original potential syntypes: ZSI 585 [6, of which 1
is Erethistes pusillus Müller & Troschel, 1849: 12 ac-
cording to Hora, 1950a: 188, 201]])
Erethistes maesotensis Kottelat, 1983b: 71, figs. 1–2 (type
locality: Thailand: Tak Province: Mae Nam Moei, 5 km
west of Mae Sot, 16°41'N 98°31'E; holotype: MHNG
2096.63)
Hara koladynensis Anganthoibi & Vishwanath, 2009
Hara koladynensis Anganthoibi & Vishwanath, 2009: 466,
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Mizoram: Lawntlai District:
Koladyne River at Kolchaw, 22°23'N 92°57'E; holotype:
MUMF 10001)
Hara longissima Ng & Kottelat, 2007
Hara longissima Ng & Kottelat, 2007b: 486, fig. 6 (type
locality: Myanmar: Kachin State: Myitkyina District:
hillstreams approximately 2 hours by foot on road from
Mogaung to Kamaing; holotype: UMMZ 245902)
Hara mesembrina Ng & Kottelat, 2007
Hara mesembrina Ng & Kottelat, 2007b: 489, fig. 7 (type
locality: Thailand: Ranong Province: Baan Na District:
hillstreams flowing from Langkatuek, Khlong Naka;
holotype: UMMZ 245903)
Hara minuscula Ng & Kottelat, 2007
Hara minuscula Ng & Kottelat, 2007: 492, fig. 8 (type lo-
cality: Myanmar: Bago: Dayame Chaung, 1.6 km north
of Daik-U; holotype: CAS 223734)
Hara spinulus Ng & Kottelat, 2007
Hara spinulus Ng & Kottelat, 2007b: 496, fig. 9 (type lo-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
228
cality: Myanmar: Rakhine State: Baw Di Chaung at Baw
Di bridge, 32 km from Gwa on road to Ngathaingchaung,
17°34'15"N 94°43'47"E; holotype: NRM 52556)
Myersglanis Hora & Silas, 1952
Myersglanis Hora & Silas, 1952: 19 (type species: Exosto-
ma blythii Day, 1870a: 525, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine (Code art. 30.1.4.2).
Nomenclatural notes. Hora & Silas (1938) did not indi-
cate the gender of Myersglanis. The word glanis can be
Greek (feminine gender) or Latin (masculine gender). I re-
tain it as masculine under Code art. 30.1.4.2.
Myersglanis jayarami Vishwanath & Kosygin, 1999
Myersglanis jayarami Vishwanath & Kosygin, 1999: 291,
pl. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chindwin drainage:
Laniye River at Jessami; 94°32'E 25°38'N; holotype:
MUMF 2138)
Oreoglanis Smith, 1933
Oreoglanis Smith, 1933: 70 (type species: Oreoglanis sia-
mensis Smith, 1933: 72, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Paroreoglanis Pellegrin, 1936: 244 (type species: Paroreo-
glanis delacouri Pellegrin, 1936: 244, by monotypy).
Gender feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. Smith (1933) did not indicate the
gender of Oreoglanis. The word glanis can be Greek (fem-
inine gender) or Latin (masculine gender). Because he used
the prefix oreo- (from the Greek word oreos, mountain),
I conclude he intended the Greek glanis. Therefore the gen-
der is feminine (Code art. 30.1.2). The same applies to Par-
oreoglanis.
Unavailable name
Oreoglanis libertis Nguyen [T. T.] & Le, in Eve et al., 2000:
49, 135, 138, 139 (not available, location of holotype
not mentioned, Code art. 16.4.2, and intention not ex-
plicit, Code art. 16.1; locality: Vietnam: Ha Tinh Prov-
ince: Vu Quang Nature Reserve: Saola camp)
Species inquirenda
Oreoglanis pumatensis Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.],
in Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 648, fig. 57 (type locality:
Vietnam: Nghe An Province: Pu Mat; holotype: HNUE)
Oreoglanis colurus Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng,
2009
Oreoglanis colurus Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009:
129, fig. 1 (type locality: Thailand: Nan Province: Bhu-
ka, Nam Dun, 19°29'N 101°08'E; holotype: NIFI 3190)
Oreoglanis delacouri (Pellegrin, 1936)
Paroreoglanis Delacouri Pellegrin, 1936: 244 (type locali-
ty: Laos: Xieng Khouang; lectotype: MNHN 1936-0031,
designated by Ng & Kottelat, 1999: 379)
Taxonomic notes. The type series of Oreoglanis delacouri
is part of material collected in 'Xieng Khouang' by the sec-
ond Delacour and Lowe expedition (1925–1926) (see un-
der Homaloptera indochinensis). Hennache & Dickinson
(2000) mentioned two localities near Xieng Khouang (the
name of a province and of its former capital [destroyed dur-
ing the war]) where Delacour collected while in Xieng Kh-
ouang: Muongsui [Muang Sui, nowaday Phu Kut, about
19°40'N 103°E in Nam Ngum drainage, a Mekong tribu-
tary] and Phu Ké, which is not on my maps, possibly Phu
Keng, a hill about 18 km west-northwest of Phonsavan and
also in Nam Ngum drainage. The species is recorded by Ng
& Kottelat (1999: 379) from headwaters of the Nam Ngiap
on the Plain of Jars, near the earlier Xieng Khouang.
Oreoglanis frenata Ng & Rainboth, 2001
Oreoglanis frenatus Ng & Rainboth, 2001: 7, fig. 6 (type
locality: Laos: Xieng Khouang Province: Nam Ka ba-
sin, Houay Kheua at Highway 7 bridge, 19°38'N
103°28'E; holotype: UMMZ 236811)
Oreoglanis heteropogon Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng &
Ng, 2009
Oreoglanis heteropogon Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng,
2009: 131, fig. 2 (type locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son
Province: Mae Yuam Luang stream, Salween drainage,
18°50'N 98°03'E; holotype: NIFI 3135)
Oreoglanis hypsiura Ng & Kottelat, 1999
Oreoglanis hypsiurus Ng & Kottelat, 1999: 376, fig. 1 (type
locality: Laos: Khammouan province: upper Nam The-
un, about 1 km upstream of confluence with Houay Nuok
Lan, 18°04'09"N 105°29'44"E; holotype: ZRC 40440,
Ng & Lim, 2008: 61, fig. 49)
Oreoglanis immaculata Kong, Chen & Yang, 2007
Oreoglanis immaculatus Kong, Chen & Yang, 2007: 225,
fig. 3 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Yongde County:
Nanjing River (tributary of Salween); holotype: KIZ
200261015)
Oreoglanis infulata Ng & Freyhof, 2001
Oreoglanis infulatus Ng & Freyhof, 2001: 1165, fig. 1 (type
locality: Vietnam: Ha Tinh Province: stream at Son Kim,
a tributary of Song Lam; 18°24'25"N 105°11'10"E; ho-
lotype: ZFMK 35719)
Oreoglanis insignis Ng & Rainboth, 2001
Oreoglanis insignis Ng & Rainboth, 2001: 15, fig. 8 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Baoshan Prefecture: Longchua-
njiang and Dajiang, near Qushi; holotype: KIZ 9810191)
Oreoglanis jingdongensis Kong, Chen & Yang, 2007
Oreoglanis Jingdongensis Kong, Chen & Yang, 2007: 224,
fig. 2 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Jingdong County:
Mengpian River [Mekong drainage]; holotype: KIZ
200104003)
Oreoglanis laciniosa Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng,
2009
Oreoglanis laciniosus Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng,
2009: 133, fig. 5 (type locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
229
Province: Pai, Mae Ya, 19°14'N 98°36'E; holotype: NIFI
3189)
Oreoglanis lepturus Ng & Rainboth, 2001
Oreoglanis lepturus Ng & Rainboth, 2001: 17, fig. 10 (type
locality: Laos: Bolikamxai Province: Nam Phao stream
about 2 km from Vietnam border, 18°23'N 105°19'E;
holotype: UMMZ 236814; proposed as noun in apposi-
tion, indeclinable)
Taxonomic notes. Possibly synonym of Oreoglanis hypsi-
urus.
Oreoglanis macronemus Ng, 2004
Oreoglanis macronemus Ng, 2004: 209, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: Laos: Xieng Khouang; holotype: BMNH
1933.8.19.51)
Taxonomic notes. The type series of Oreoglanis macrone-
mus is part of material collected in 'Xieng Khouang' by the
second Delacour and Lowe expedition (1925–1926) (see
under Homaloptera indochinensis). Hennache & Dickinson
(2000) mentioned two localities near Xieng Khouang (the
name of a province and of its former capital [destroyed dur-
ing the war]) where Delacour collected while in Xieng Kh-
ouang: Muongsui [Muang Sui, nowaday Phu Kut, about
19°40'N 103°E in Nam Ngum drainage, a Mekong tribu-
tary] and Phu Ké, which is not on my maps, possibly Phu
Keng, a hill about 18 km west-northwest of Phonsavan and
also in Nam Ngum drainage.
Oreoglanis macroptera (Vinciguerra, 1890)
Exostoma macropterum Vinciguerra, 1890: 253, pl. 8 fig. 5
(type locality: Burma: "paese dei Catcin" [Kachin State,
probably near Bhamo]; syntypes: MCSNG 14410 [3],
BMNH 1893.2.16.18 [1], NMW 46488 [1], RMNH
10236 [1], USNM 44805 [1], ZSI [1, lost], Tortonese,
1963a: 309, Ferraris & Vari, 1992: 40, Hora & Silas,
1952: 22, Eschmeyer, 2011; a compound adjective)
Oreoglanis nakasathiani Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng &
Ng, 2009
Oreoglanis nakasathiani Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng,
2009: 135, figs. 7–8 (type locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai
province: Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Nam Mae
Kok, 19°20'N 98°50'E; holotype: NIFI 3195)
Oreoglanis setigera Ng & Rainboth, 2001
Oreoglanis setiger Ng & Rainboth, 2001: 23, fig. 12 (type
locality: Laos: Louang Namtha Province: Nam Ma Oun,
21°05'N 101°04'E; holotype: UMMZ 236813)
Nomenclatural notes. Oreoglanis is feminine. The species
name setiger was proposed as an adjective and must agree
in gender, therefore the spelling is setigera (see also exam-
ple under Code art. 31.2.2).
Oreoglanis siamensis Smith, 1933
Oreoglanis siamensis Smith, 1933: 72, fig. 4, pl. 3 (type
locality: Thailand: Chiang Mai Province: Kang River
near base of Doi Angka [Doi Inthanon]; holotype: KUMF
172, Monkolprasit, 1969: 6)
Nomenclatural notes. Menon & Yazdani (1968: 131) list-
ed ZSI F 12233/1 as holotype. Smith described the species
from a holotype and a paratype and mentioned that the 'to-
potype' [paratype] was in ZSI (see also Ferraris, 2007: 398).
Hora & Silas (1952: 23) stated that a "topotype" was in ZSI
but was lost.
Oreoglanis sudarai Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng,
2009
Oreoglanis sudarai Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng,
2009: 139, fig. 10 (type locality: Thailand: Mae Hong
Son Province: Ping Noi, Ban Tun at Mae La Noi, upper
Chao Phraya River drainage, 18°35' 98°10'E; holotype:
NIFI 3193)
Oreoglanis suraswadii Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng,
2009
Oreoglanis suraswadii Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng,
2009: 143, figs. 11–12 (type locality: Thailand: Chiang
Rai Province: Huay Mae Pern at Doi Tung, 20°20'N
99°50'E, Mekong River drainage; holotype: NIFI 3192)
Oreoglanis tenuicauda Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng &
Ng, 2009
Oreoglanis tenuicauda Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng,
2009: 145, figs. 13 (type locality: Thailand: Nan Prov-
ince: Chalermprakiat, Nam Chang stream, 19°33'N
101°12'E; holotype: NIFI 3191)
Oreoglanis vicina Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng,
2009
Oreoglanis vicinus Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009:
148, fig. 14 (type locality: Thailand: Nan Province: Pua,
Silaphet waterfall, 19°7'N 100°57'E; holotype: NIFI
3194)
Pareuchiloglanis Pellegrin, 1936
Pareuchiloglanis Pellegrin, 1936: 245 (type species:
Pareuchiloglanis poilanei Pellegrin, 1936: 246, by mono-
typy). Gender feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. Pellegrin (1936) did not indicate the
gender of Pareuchilognalis. It was obviously based on Eu-
chiloglanis Regan, 1907. The word glanis can be Greek
(feminine gender) or Latin (masculine gender). Because
Regan used the Greek prefix eu-, I conclude he intended the
Greek glanis and therefore Euchiloglanis and Pareuchilogla-
nis are feminine (Code art. 30.1.2).
The validitidy of the many names created in recent
years in the Vietnamese literature cannot be evaluated. The
descriptions are of little use and the illustrations of most
species are of such a poor quality that the identity cannot
even be guessed. As most species have very restricted range,
it is expected that those from widely distant localities might
end up being valid, while the many species described from
exactly the same locality may end as a single species.
Species inquirendae
Pareuchiloglanis songdaensis Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen
[V. H.], 2001: 67, fig. 1 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau
Province: Muong Tè District: Da River in Muong Tè;
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
230
holotype: HNUE LM.2001.01H)
Pareuchiloglasus namdeensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 638,
fig. 52 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong
Tho District: Nam De stream [Song Da drainage]; holo-
type: NCNTTSI; spelt Paseuchiloglanis namdenesis
p. 639 fig. 52, 697, as first reviser I select namdeensis as
the correct original spelling)
Paseuchiloglasus tamduongensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a:
640, fig. 53 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province:
Phong Tho District: Tam Duong town [Song Da drain-
age]; holotype: NCNTTSI)
Pareuchiloglasus brevicaudatus Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 642,
fig. 54 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong
Tho District: Nam Na River [Song Da drainage];
NCNTTSI; spelt Paseuchiloglanis brericaudatus p. 642,
an inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spelling
[Code art. 32.5.1])
Euchiloglanis dorsoarcus Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 644,
fig. 55 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong
Tho District: Binh Lu, Nam Mu stream [Song Da drain-
age]; NCNTTSI; spelt dosoarcus p. 490, doroarcus p.
645 fig. 55, as first reviser I select dorsoarcus as the
correct original spelling)
Euchiloglanis phongthoensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 646,
fig. 56 (type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Phong
Tho District: km 44 on road from Tam Duong to Sa Pa
[Song Da drainage]; NCNTTSI)
Pareuchiloglanis abbreviata Li, Zhou, Thomson, Zhang
& Yang, 2007
Pareuchiloglanis abbreviatus Li, Zhou, Thomson, Zhang
& Yang, 2007: 2, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan:
Jingdong County: Chuanghe (upper Lixianjiang, tribu-
tary of Red River), Mona (22°27'54"N 100°46'79"E
[sic]); holotype: SWFC 0311021)
Pareuchiloglanis feae (Vinciguerra, 1890)
Exostoma Feae Vinciguerra, 1890: 256, pl. 8 fig. 6 (type
locality: Burma: Taò [Salween drainage; map in Fea,
1896: pl. 3] and Iadò; syntypes: MCSNG 14411 [4],
14412 [3], BMNH 1893.2.16.19–20 [2], 1893.2.16.21–
22 [3], 1893.2.16.23 [1], MSNM 38 [ex 5117], NMW
9064–9065 [2], RMNH 10237 [3],USNM 44743 [3], ZSI
F 10260/1 [1], Tortonese, 1963a: 309, Conci & Miche-
langeli, 1974: 226, Hora & Silas, 1952: 16, Ferraris &
Vari, 1992: 40, Ferraris, 2007: 398)
Pareuchiloglanis gracilicaudata (Wu & Chen, 1979)
Euchiloglanis gracilicaudata Wu & Chen, 1979: 294, fig. 4
(type locality: China: Qinghai: Za Qu, upper Lancang
Jiang in Nangqen; syntypes [12]: NPIB)
Pareuchiloglanis macrotrema (Norman, 1925)
Euchiloglanis macrotrema Norman, 1925b: 570 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: "Ngoi-Tio, Col des Nuages, Tonkin";
syntypes: BMNH 1925.2.19.5–6 [2], Ng & Kottelat,
2000a: 13)
Pareuchiloglanis myzostoma (Norman, 1923)
Euchiloglanis myzostoma Norman, 1923b: 562 (type local-
ity: China: Yunnan: Lo-ma Ho [Lamahe, now Jiduhe],
tributary of Mekong at Lanping [26°27'15"N
99°25'19"E]; syntypes: BMNH 1923.2.21.40–49 [10],
ZSI F 10435/1 [1], Hora & Silas, 1952: 16, Chu et al.,
1999: 171, Li et al., 2007: 15)
Taxonomic notes. Norman (1923: 562) indicated the type
locality of E. myzostoma only as "Yunnan". The BMNH reg-
ister indicates that the material was obtained in the Lo-ma
Ho [Lamahe, now Jiduhe], a tributary of the Mekong at
Lanping. See also the itinerary and maps of the collectors
(Gregory & Gregory, 1923a–b).
Pareuchiloglanis nebulifera Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Pareuchiloglanis nebulifer Ng & Kottelat, 2000a: 11, fig. 4
(type locality: Laos: Houaphan province, small creek,
tributary of Houai Siam, upstream of Ban Kangpabong,
20°19'36"N 104°25'01"E; holotype: ZRC 45706, Ng &
Lim, 2008: 64, fig. 51; nebulifer was proposed as an
adjective (p. 12) and has to agree in gender with the ge-
nus name, Code art. 31.2.2, Example)
? Pareuchiloglanis songmaensis Nguyen [H. D.] & Ngu-
yen [V. H.], 2001, 2005a: 68, fig. 2 (type locality: Viet-
nam: Son La Province: Song Ma District: Song Ma Riv-
er in Muong Va; holotype: HNUE LM.2001.02H)
Pareuchiloglanis poilanei Pellegrin, 1936
Pareuchiloglanis Poilanei Pellegrin, 1936: 246 (type local-
ity: Vietnam: Nha Trang: Song Cai basin: Song Ko,
680masl / confluence of Song Tan and Song Do, 420
masl / Song Tan, 1400 masl; syntypes: MNHN 1936-
0005–0014 [10], 1936-0015–0018 [4], 1936-0019–0020
[5])
Pareuchiloglanis prolixdorsalis Li, Zhou, Thomson,
Zhang & Yang, 2007
Pareuchiloglanis prolixdorsalis Li, Zhou, Thomson, Zhang
& Yang, 2007: 15, fig. 8 (type locality: China: Yunnan:
Jinghong County: Xiaonuoyou (22°14'04"N
100°36'75"E), Nabanhe (small tributary of Lan-
cangjiang); holotype: SWFC 0105002)
Pareuchiloglanis rhabdura Ng, 2004
Pareuchiloglanis rhabdurus Ng, 2004c: 7, fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Ha Giang Province: Vi Xuyen District:
Red River [Song Hong] drainage, Cao Bo stream (Bac
Trao River); 22°45'18.0"N 104°52'11.4"E; holotype:
AMNH 211153)
Pseudecheneis Blyth, 1860
Pseudecheneis Blyth, 1860b: 154 (type species: Glyptoster-
non sulcatus M'Clelland, 1842a: 587, by monotypy).
Gender feminine.
Parapseudecheneis Hora, in Hora & Chabanaud, 1930: 216
(type species: Pseudecheneis paviei Vaillant, 1892: 126,
by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Propseudecheneis Hora, 1937b: 348 (type species: Propseu-
decheneis tchangi Hora, 1937b: 348, by monotypy [the
mention "gen. et sp. nov.", p. 349, does not constitute an
original designation; conditions of Code art. 68.2.1 only
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
231
applies if two or more new nominal species are includ-
ed]). Gender feminine.
Pseudecheneis brachyura Zhou, Li & Yang, 2008
Pseudecheneis brachyurus Zhou, Li & Yang, 2008: 108, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Yingjiang County: Shu-
dian (25°06.62'N 97°56.21'E) at a branch of Dayinjiang,
a tributary of Irrawaddy; holotype: SWFC 200103294)
Pseudecheneis gracilis Zhou, Li & Yang, 2008
Pseudecheneis gracilis Zhou, Li & Yang, 2008: 111, fig. 7
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Tengchong County: Qushi
(25°14'N 98°36.43'E) at upper edge of Longchuanjiang,
a tributary of Irrawaddy; holotype: SWFC 200102125)
Pseudecheneis immaculata Chu, 1982
Pseudecheneis immaculatus Chu, 1982: 428, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan: Weixi County: Baijixun, upper
reaches of Lancang Jiang [Mekong]; holotype: KIZ
748742)
Pseudecheneis koladynae Anganthoibi & Vishwanath,
2010
Pseudecheneis koladynae Anganthoibi & Vishwanath,
2010b: 200, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Mizoram: Lawnt-
lai district: Koladyne River, 22°23'N 92°57'E; holotype:
MUMF 10020)
Pseudecheneis longipectoralis Zhou, Li & Yang, 2008
Pseudecheneis longipectoralis Zhou, Li & Yang, 2008: 114,
fig. 9 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Changning County:
Kejiehe (24°52'36"N 99°26'03"E) (a tributary of Salween
River) at Kejie; holotype: SWFC 0202003)
Pseudecheneis maurus Ng & Tan, 2007
Pseudecheneis maurus Ng & Tan, 2007: 26, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality:
Vietnam: Da Nang Province: Song Thuy Loan
drainage, Ban Na hill station, Cat Long stream, about 9 km
along road before summit, 16°00'39.2"N
108°01'02.6"E;
holotype: ZRC 50638, Ng & Lim, 2008: 66, fig. 53)
Pseudecheneis paucipunctata Zhou, Li & Yang, 2008
Pseudecheneis paucipunctatus Zhou, Li & Yang, 2008: 116,
fig. 10 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Cangyuan Coun-
ty: Nangunhe (23°16.49'N 99°04.34'E) (a tributary of
Salween); holotype: SWFC 200203003)
Pseudecheneis paviei Vaillant, 1892
Pseudecheneis Paviei Vaillant, 1892: 126 (type locality:
Vietnam: Tonkin: area of Lai-Chau or Muong-Lai, un-
named torrent [details in Vaillant, 1904a: 461]; holotype:
MNHN 1892-0049, Vaillant, 1904a: 464, pl. 23 fig. 3,
Hora & Chabanaud, 1930: 218)
Pseudechenis intermedius Chu, 1982: 430, fig. 2 (type local-
ity: China: Yunnan: Jingdong County: Dongbao,
a stream
in upper reaches of Babian River, Red River drainage;
holotype: KIZ 737173)
Pseudecheneis stenura Ng, 2006
Pseudecheneis stenura Ng, 2006b: 57, fig. 5 (type locality:
China: Yunnan: Baoshan Prefecture, Longchuanjiang at
Lianmengjie bridge, Irrawaddy River drainage; holotype:
KIZ 199811999)
Pseudecheneis sulcatoides Zhou & Chu, 1982
Pseudecheneis sulcatoides Zhou & Chu, 1992: 111, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Mekong drainage, Yang-
bi, 25°40'N 99°57'E; holotype: KIZ 839059)
Pseudecheneis sympelvica Roberts, 1998
Pseudecheneis sympelvicus Roberts, 1998d: 290, fig. 1 (type
locality: Laos: Nam Theun drainage: Nam Veo, tribu-
tary of Nam Phao 25 km east of Lak Sao; holotype: ZRC
40359, Ng & Lim, 2008: 67, fig. 54)
Pseudecheneis tchangi (Hora, 1937)
Propseudecheneis tchangi Hora, 1937b: 348, fig. 11b (based
on Pseudecheneis sulcatus of Tchang, 1936: 47, figs. 4–
5; type locality: China: Yunnan; holotype: ASIZB 20010
[ex ZMFMIB 12016], Ng, 2006b: 67)
Pseudecheneis ukhrulensis Vishwanath & Darshan, 2007
Pseudecheneis ukhrulensis Vishwanath & Darshan, 2007:
2627 [+ fig. 1 on "web supplement"] (type locality: In-
dia: Manipur: Ukhrul district: Momo stream, Tusom C.V.,
Chindwin drainage; holotype: MUMF 2280)
Pseudexostoma Chu, 1979
Pseudexostoma Chu, 1979: 78 (type species: Glyptosternun
yunnanensis Tchang, 1935b: 174, by original designa-
tion). Gender neuter.
Pseudexostoma brachysoma Chu, 1979
Pseudexostoma yunnanensis brachysoma Chu, 1979: 78,
fig. 3 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Dali Bai Autono-
mous Prefecture: Yunlong County [25°53'N 99°22'E]:
Nu Jiang [Salween] near Laowo; holotype: KIZ 742093)
? Pseudexostoma longipterus Zhou, Yang, Li & Li, 2007:
150, fig. 5 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Gongshan
County: Cikai; 27°44.27'N 98°40.02'E; holotype: SWFC
200308022)
Pseudexostoma yunnanense (Tchang, 1935)
Glyptosternun yunnanensis Tchang, 1935b: 174, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Yunnan; holotype: ZMFMIB 12027)
Pseudolaguvia Misra, 1976
Pseudolaguvia Misra, 1976: 253 (type species: Glyptotho-
rax tuberculatus Prashad & Mukerji, 1929: 128, by orig-
inal designation). Gender feminine.
Pseudolaguvia nubila Ng, Lalramliana, Lalronunga &
Lalnuntluanga, 2013
Pseudolaguvia nubila Ng, Lalramliana, Lalronunga & Lal-
nuntluanga, 2013: 519, figs. 1–3 (type locality: India:
Mizoram: Saiha District: Sala River (a tributary of Ka-
ladan River) in the vicinity of Lungpuk village,
22°03'36.11"N 92°55'15.37"E; holotype: ZSI FF 4861)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
232
Family SILURIDAE
Belodontichthys macrochir Bleeker, 1857n: 472 (unneces-
sary replacement name for Wallago dinema Bleeker,
1851l: 202; also in Bleeker, 1858j: 266)
Belodontichthys truncatus Kottelat & Ng, 1999
Belodontichthys truncatus Kottelat & Ng, 1999: 388, fig. 1
(type locality: Thailand: Maharaj Province: Chao Phraya
River, 17.5 km north of Ayuthya; holotype: UMMZ
235105)
Ceratoglanis Myers, 1938
Ceratoglanis Myers, 1938: 98 (type species: Hemisilurus
scleronema Bleeker, 1863a: 93, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. Myers (1938) did not indicate the
gender of Ceratoglanis. The word glanis can be Greek (fem-
inine gender) or Latin (masculine gender). Because he used
the prefix kerato- (from the Greek word keras, hook), I con-
clude he intended the Greek glanis. Therefore the gender is
feminine (Code art. 30.1.2).
Siluridae Cuvier, 1816
Siluroïdes Cuvier, 1816a: 199 (type genus: Silurus Linnaeus,
1758: 304; originally not latinized but available under
Code art. 11.7.2)
Silurichthyoidei Bleeker, 1858j: 218 (not a new name; -ich-
thyoidei is the suffix used by Bleeker for the subfamily
rank)
Kryptopterini Bleeker, 1862c: 18, 85 (type genus: Bleeker,
1857n: 472)
Phalacronotini Bleeker, 1862c: 18, 90 (type genus: Phala-
cronotus Bleeker, 1857n: 472)
Belodontichthys Bleeker, 1857
Belodontichthys Bleeker, 1857n: 472 (type species: Belo-
dontichthys macrochir Bleeker, 1857n: 472, by mono-
typy; also in Bleeker, 1858j: 266). Gender masculine.
Belodontichthys dinema (Bleeker, 1851)
Wallago dinema Bleeker, 1851l: 202 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; synty-
pes [2, 190–195 mm TL]: part of RMNH 6834 [5],
BMNH 1863.12.4.64 [1], Eschmeyer, 2011)
Pseudolaguvia tenebricosa Britz & Ferraris, 2003
Pseudolaguvia tenebricosa Britz & Ferraris, 2003: 2, fig. 1
(type locality: Myanmar: Kayin Division: Pathe Chaung,
hill stream, 13 miles east of Taungoo, 19°01'11"N
96°35'33"E; holotype: USNM 373293)
Pseudolaguvia tuberculata (Prashad & Mukerji, 1929)
Glyptothorax tuberculatus Prashad & Mukerji, 1929: 182,
fig. 4, pl. 7 fig. 2 (type locality: Burma: Myitkyina Dis-
trict: stream Sankha, midway between Kamaing and
Mogaung; holotype: ZSI F 10876/1, Menon & Yazdani,
1968: 129, Ng, 2005: 178)
Family CRANOGLANIDIDAE
Cranoglanididae Myers, 1931
Cranoglanididae Myers, 1931: 261 (type genus: Cranogla-
nis Peters, 1881b: 1030)
Cranoglanis Peters, 1881
Cranoglanis Peters, 1881b: 1030 (type species: Cranogla-
nis sinensis Peters, 1881b: 1030, by monotypy). Gender
feminine.
Anopleutropius Vaillant, 1893c: 198 (type species: Ano-
pleutropius henrici Vaillant, 1893c: 43, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Pseudeutropichthys Koller, 1926b: 74 (type species: Pseu-
deutropichthys multiradiatus Koller, 1926b: 74, by orig-
inal designation; also in Koller, 1927: 28). Gender mas-
culine.
Nomenclatural notes. Cranoglanis being explicitly formed
on the classical Greek word glanis, it is feminine (Code art.
30.1.2).
Cranoglanis henrici (Vaillant, 1893)
Anopleutropius Henrici Vaillant, 1893c: 199 (type locality:
Vietnam: Rivière Noire [Song Da, Black River]; holo-
type: MNHN 1892-0259 [1, listed as syntype by Bertin
& Estève, 1950a: 43], Ng & Kottelat, 2000: 848)
? Cranoglanis songhongensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 636,
fig. 51 (type locality: Vietnam: Song Hong [Red River],
Hanoi; holotype: NCNTTSI)
Cranoglanis multiradiata (Koller, 1926)
Pseudeutropichthys multiradiatus Koller, 1926b: 74 (type
locality: China: Hainan: Kan-Kong River; syntypes:
NMW 5059–5061 [3], Ferraris, 2007: 165; also in Kol-
ler, 1927: 29, pl. 1 fig. 2)
? Cranoglanis caolangensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 634,
fig. 50 (type locality: Vietnam: Cao Bang Province: Cao
Bang; holotype: NCNTTSI)
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233
Ceratoglanis pachynema Ng, 1999
Ceratoglanis pachynema Ng, 1999b: 390, fig. 3 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Prachinburi market; holotype: CAS
96577)
Ceratoglanis scleronema (Bleeker, 1863)
Hemisilurus scleronema Bleeker, 1863a: 93, pl. 101 (type
locality: Indonesia: Java: Krawang; holotype [399 mm
TL]: RMNH 2918, Ng, 1999b: 388; also in Bleeker,
1863j: 74)
Hemisilurus Bleeker, 1857
Hemisilurus Bleeker, 1857n: 472 (type species: Wallago
heterorhynchus Bleeker, 1854d: 514, by monotypy; also
in Bleeker, 1858j: 295). Gender masculine.
Diastatomycter Vaillant, 1891: 182 (type species: Diastato-
mycter chaperi Vaillant, 1891: 182, by monotypy; also
in Vaillant, 1893b: 66). Gender masculine.
Hemisilurus heterorhynchus (Bleeker, 1854)
Wallago heterorhynchus Bleeker, 1854d: 514 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi: Muara Kompeh; holo-
type [326 mm TL]: RMNH 6849, Ferraris, 2007: 368)
Diastatomycter Chaperi Vaillant, 1891: 182 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas River
[Knapei Stream near Smitow [Semitau]; Bertin & Es-
tève, 1950a: 22]; holotype: MNHN 1891-0458, Bertin
& Estève, 1950a: 22; also in Vaillant, 1893b: 70, pl. 2
fig. 2)
Hemisilurus mekongensis Bornbusch & Lundberg, 1989
Hemisilurus mekongensis Bornbusch & Lundberg, 1989:
435, fig. 1 (type locality: Thailand: Ubon Ratchatani
Prov-
ince: Khong Chiam District: Mae Nam Mun at Ban Dan,
3 km upstream of confluence with Mekong, 15°18'N
105°31'E; holotype: UMMZ 214565)
Hemisilurus moolenburghi Weber & de Beaufort, 1913
Hemisilurus moolenburghi Weber & de Beaufort, 1913: 212,
figs. 84–85 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi
Province: Batang Hari River; syntypes: ZMA 113.564
[2], Nijssen et al., 1993: 222, Bornbusch & Lundberg,
1989: 443)
Kryptopterus Bleeker, 1857
Kryptopterus Bleeker, 1857n: 472 (type species: Kryptopter-
us micropus Bleeker, 1857n: 472, by subsequent desig-
nation by Bleeker, 1862b: 395). Gender masculine.
Kryptopterichthys Bleeker, 1857n: 472 (type species: Silu-
rus palembangensis Bleeker, 1852r: 584, by subsequent
designation by Bleeker, 1862b: 395; simultaneous sub-
jective synonym of Kryptopterus Bleeker, 1857n: 472,
first reviser [Günther, 1864a: 38] gave precedence to
Kryptopterus). Gender masculine.
Kryptopterichthijs Bleeker, 1858j: 288 (incorrect subsequent
spelling of Kryptopterichthys Bleeker, 1857n: 472)
Cryptopterus Günther, 1864a: 38 (unjustified emendation
of Kryptopterus Bleeker, 1857n: 472; junior homonym
of Cryptopterus Kaup, 1859: 11 in Pisces). Gender mas-
culine.
Cryptopterella Fowler, 1944d: 1 (type species: Cryptopter-
ella beldti Fowler, 1944d: 2, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Kryptopterus baramensis Ng, 2002
Kryptopterus baramensis Ng, 2002b: 68, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Borneo: Sarawak: Sungai Akah, above Long Teban-
gan, 300 m below confluence with Sungai Pahang, be-
low falls; 3°22'12"N 114°56'06"E; holotype: ROM
72477)
Kryptopterus bicirrhis (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1840)
Silurus bicirrhis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 367, pl. 411 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; ho-
lotype: MNHN A.9932, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 22,
Bornbusch, 1995: 44)
Cryptopterus amboinensis Günther, 1864a: 40, 429 (type
locality: Indonesia: Ambon [erroneous]; syntypes [2]:
BMNH 1855.3.24.14 [1, specimen of p. 40, Eschmeyer,
2011], BMNH [1, listed p. 429])
Kryptopterus cryptopterus (Bleeker, 1851)
Silurus cryptopterus Bleeker, 1851d: 270 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; ho-
lotype [110 mm TL]: RMNH 6840 [1 of 16], Ferraris,
2007: 369)
Kryptopterus micropus Bleeker, 1857n: 472 (unnecessary
replacement name for Silurus cryptopterus Bleeker, 1851)
Kryptopterus dissitus Ng, 2001
Kryptopterus dissitus Ng, 2001b: 198, fig. 1 (type locality:
Laos: Champasak Province: Mekong River at Ban Hang
Khone, just downstream from Khone falls; holotype:
UMMZ 238017)
Kryptopterus geminus Ng, 2003
Kryptopterus geminus Ng, 2003e: 2, fig. 1 (type locality:
Cambodia: Stung Treng, Mekong River 2 km down-
stream from mouth of Tonle San on sandbars, 13°31'N
105°56'E; holotype: UMMZ 234664)
Kryptopterus hesperius Ng, 2002
Kryptopterus hesperius Ng, 2002b: 70, fig. 3 (type locality:
Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province: Kwae Noi River at
Sai Yok; holotype: ZMUC P28551)
Kryptopterus lais (Bleeker, 1851)
Silurus laïs Bleeker, 1851p: 428 (type locality: Indonesia:
Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; holotype [125 mm
TL]: RMNH 6839 [1 of 2], Ferraris, 2007: 370)
Kryptopterus limpok (Bleeker, 1852)
Silurus limpok Bleeker, 1852r: 583 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [175 mm TL]: ?
BMNH 1863.12.4.100, Bornbusch, 1995: 44)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
234
Kryptopterus lumholtzi Rendahl, 1922
Cryptopterus lumholtzi Rendahl, 1922b: 200 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Kayan River near
Bulungan, from coast to Pipa River; holotype: ZMUO
J5310, Pethon, 1969: 4)
Kryptopterus macrocephalus (Bleeker, 1858)
Kryptopterichthys macrocephalus Bleeker, 1858j: 293 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra ?: Padang ?; holotype
[113 mm TL]: ? BMNH 1863.12.4.99 or 1863.12.4.101,
Bornbusch, 1995: 44, Roberts, 1989: 148)
? Cryptopterella beldti Fowler, 1944d: 2, fig. (type locality:
Borneo; holotype: ANSP 71571)
Kryptopterus minor Roberts, 1989
Kryptopterus minor Roberts, 1989: 149, fig. 115 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungai Pi-
noh at Nanga Saian, 45 km south of Nangapinoh, 0°43'S
111°38.5'E; holotype: MZB 3638; spelt minimus p. 146,
first reviser [Ferraris, 2007: 370] gave precedence to mi-
nor)
Kryptopterus mononema (Bleeker, 1846)
Silurus mononema Bleeker, 1846d: 8 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Solo River [Surakarta, in Pepeh River; Blee-
ker, 1858j: 288]; syntypes [2; see Bleeker, 1858j: 288]:
? RMNH 6835 [2], ? BMNH 1863.12.4.93 [1], Ferraris,
2007: 370; also in Bleeker, 1847d: 166)
Kryptopterus palembangensis (Bleeker, 1852)
Silurus palembangensis Bleeker, 1852r: 584 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [169 mm TL]:
LU [not BMNH 1863.12.4.101, Ferraris, 2007: 370])
Kryptopterus paraschilbeides Ng, 2003
Kryptopterus paraschilbeides Ng, 2003g: 3, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Cambodia: Kompong Chhnang: Tonle Sap River,
17 km upstream from Kompong Chhnang; holotype:
UMMZ 238788)
Kryptopterus piperatus Ng, Wirjoatmodjo & Hadiaty,
2004
Kryptopterus piperatus Ng, Wirjoatmodjo & Hadiaty, 2004:
92, fig. 1 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh Sela-
tan: Sungai Lembang, Suag Balimbing Research Station,
Gunung Leuser National Park; MZB 8717)
Kryptopterus schilbeides (Bleeker, 1858)
Hemisilurus schilbeides Bleeker, 1858j: 297 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang / Borneo: Kalimantan Se-
latan: Banjarmasin; syntypes [2, 96–99 mm TL]:
? BMNH
1863.12.4.157 [1], 1864.5.15.6 [1], Ng, 2003g: 2)
Kryptopterus vitreolus Ng & Kottelat, 2013
Kryptopterus vitreolus Ng & Kottelat, 2013b: 309, figs. 1–
2 (type locality: Thailand: Trat Province: Amphoe Khao
Saming; holotype: UMMZ 249801; also in Ng & Kotte-
lat, 2013c: 299)
Taxonomic notes. The original description of K. vitreolus
in Ng & Kottelat (2013: 309) did not include the words 'new
species' after the name and does not mention the location of
the holotype in words and some wondered whether the name
was available or not under Code art. 16.1. The text, abstract
and running title make it obvious that the name was new;
the reference to Ferraris (2007) for the explanation of the
code of the institution explains where the holotype is locat-
ed. To avoid pointless discussions, these informations were
spelled out in Ng & Kottelat (2013b: 299). Nevertheless,
I consider that the species name was validly made available
in the 2013b publication.
Micronema Bleeker, 1857
Micronema Bleeker, 1857n: 472 (type species: Silurus
hexapterus Bleeker, 1851l: 203, by monotypy). Gender
neuter.
Micronema cheveyi (Durand, 1940)
Cryptopterus Cheveyi Durand, 1940: 19, pl. 4 (type locali-
ty: Cambodia: stream of Kaskos; holotype: ION)
? Kryptopterus moorei Smith, 1945: 342, fig. 78 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Menam Chao Phya [Chao Phraya] near
Paknampo; holotype: USNM 109787)
Micronema hexapterus (Bleeker, 1851)
Silurus hexapterus Bleeker, 1851l: 203 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; holo-
type [145 mm TL]: LU [not BMNH 1863.12.4.73, too
large, 159 mm SL; Bornbusch, 1995: 45]; compound
adjective)
Nomenclatural notes. Hexapterus can be a noun or an ad-
jective. As used in the original description by Bleeker, it
cannot be decided if he regarded it as a noun or an adjec-
tive, and therefore it is a noun (Code art. 31.2.2). At the
time of the creation of Micronema, he treated hexapterus as
a noun (Bleeker, 1857n: 472).
Micronema platypogon (Ng, 2004)
Kryptopterus platypogon Ng, 2004a: 2, fig. 1 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Rajang River drainage:
market at Sibu; 2°17'18.6"N 111°49'49.2"E; holotype:
ZRC 45838, Ng & Lim, 2008: 46, fig. 35)
Ompok La Cepède, 1803
Ompok La Cepède, 1803: 49 (type species: Ompok siluroi-
des La Cepède, 1803: 50, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine.
Callichrous Hamilton, 1822: 149 (subgenus of Silurus Lin-
naeus, 1758: 304; type species: Silurus pabda Hamil-
ton, 1822: 150, by subsequent designation by Bleeker,
1862b: 395, 1862c: 17). Gender masculine.
Silurodes Bleeker, 1857n: 472 (type species: Silurus ma-
cronema, Bleeker, 1851l: 203, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Pseudosilurus Bleeker, 1857n: 472 (type species: Wallago
leiacanthus Bleeker, 1853l: 189, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
235
Species inquirenda
Belodontichthys javanensis Hardenberg, 1938: 311 (type
locality: Indonesia: fish market in Batavia [Jakarta]; ho-
lotype: LU)
Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794)
Silurus bimaculatus Bloch, 1794: 24, pl. 364 (type locality:
India: Malabar coast [Tranquebar, Tharangambadi,
11°01'37"N 79°51'E]; lectotype: ZMB 2916, designated
by Paepke, 1999: 139, pl. 25 fig. 2)
Silurus canio Hamilton, 1822: 151, 374 (type locality: In-
dia: "north-east parts of Bengal" [Goalpara; Hora, 1949:
66]; types: NT; Hamilton's unpublished figure repro-
duced in Hora, 1929a: pl. 20 fig. 5)
Silurus duda Hamilton, 1822: 152, 375 (type locality: In-
dia: Kusi River; types: NT)
Silurus chechra Hamilton, 1822: 152, 375 (type locality:
India: Kusi River [Mainayi; Hora, 1949: 67]; types: NT)
Silurus nebulosus Swainson, 1839: 306 (unnecessary repla-
cement name for Silurus chechra Hamilton, 1822: 152)
Silurus immaculatus Swainson, 1839: 306 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Silurus canio Hamilton, 1822: 151)
Silurus affinis Swainson, 1839: 306 (unnecessary replace-
ment name for Silurus duda Hamilton, 1822: 152)
Silurus anostomus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 363, pl. 410 (type locality: India: Bengal; synty-
pes: MNHN A.8949 [2], A.8950 [2], Bertin & Estève,
1950a: 21, Bornbusch, 1995: 43)
Silurus Mysoricus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 364 (type locality: India: Mysore; syntypes:
MNHN 3107 [2], Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 21, Bornbusch,
1995: 43)
Silurus microcephalus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1840a: 365 (type locality: India: Bengal; holo-
type: MNHN)
Silurus indicus M'Clelland & Griffith, in M'Clelland, 1842a:
583 (type locality: Afghanistan: rivers Loodianah, Pun-
jab and Cabool at Jullalabad [Palai-Kut]; holotype
[p. 574]: LU)
Pseudosilurus macropthalmos [sic] Blyth, 1860b: 156 (type
locality: Burma: Tenasserim; holotype: ? ZSI)
? Callichrous ceylonensis Günther, 1864a: 46 (type locality:
Ceylon [Sri Lanka]; syntypes: BMNH 1852.2.19.107–108
[2], 1853.3.30.60 [1], Ng, 2013: 165, Eschmeyer, 2011)
Callichrous notatus Day, 1870c: 616 (type locality: rivers
of Burma; syntypes: ZSI 1275 [1], A.499 [2, lost], AMS
B.7982 [1 of 2], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 157, Fer-
raris et al., 2000: 300)
Callichrous sindensis Day, 1877a: 476, pl. 110 fig. 1 (type
locality: India: Sind: Indus River; holotype: ZSI 505,
Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 157, Hora, 1936c: 358)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Ng & Hadiaty (2009:
56) and Ng (2013: 165) but probably includes several spe-
cies (Kottelat & Lim, 1995: 240). In area, present only in
Irrawaddy and Salween drainages, and possibly Tenasserim.
Ompok binotatus Ng, 2002
Ompok binotatus Ng, 2002a: 26, fig. 1 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungai Mandai Kechil
near its confluence with Kapuas mainstream, 18 km west-
southwest of Putussibau; 0°48'N 112°47'E; holotype:
FMNH 94243)
Ompok borneensis (Steindachner, 1901)
Callichrous borneensis Steindachner, 1901: 445, pl. 18 fig. 3
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram Riv-
er; holotype: ? SMF)
Ompok jaynei Fowler, 1905a: 466, fig. 3 (type locality:
Borneo [Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River;
Böhlke, 1984: 157]; holotype: ANSP 114890 [formerly
WIAP 13929], Böhlke, 1984: 157)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Ng & Tan (2004: 8).
Ompok brevirictus Ng & Hadiaty, 2009
Ompok brevirictus Ng & Hadiaty, 2009: 51, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Nangroe Aceh Darussalam
Province: Lawe Sawah, Lawe Mokap, 3°09'46.0"N
97°25'03.0"E; holotype: MZB 16670)
Ompok eugeneiatus (Vaillant, 1893)
Callichrous eugeneiatus Vaillant, 1893a: 61 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: streams Knapei
and Sebroeang [Sebruang] [near Smitow [Semitau];
Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 22]; syntypes: MNHN 1891-
0459 [1], 1891-0460 [1], Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 22,
Bornbusch, 1995: 44; also in Vaillant, 1893b: 65, pl. 2
fig. 3)
Ompok fumidus Tan & Ng, 1996
Ompok fumidus Tan & Ng, 1996: 537, fig. 3 (type locality:
Malaysia: Selangor: North Selangor peat swamp forest,
43 km on road from Tanjong Malim to Sungai Besar;
holotype: ZRC 15049, Ng & Lim, 2008: 47, fig. 36)
Ompok hypophthalmus (Bleeker, 1846)
Silurus hypophthalmus Bleeker, 1846a: 20 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in
Bleeker, 1846b: 149)
Silurus macronema Bleeker, 1851l: 203 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; ho-
lotype [140 mm TL]: ? BMNH 1863.12.11.155, Ferraris,
2007: 372)
Ompok leiacanthus (Bleeker, 1853)
Wallago leiacanthus Bleeker, 1853l: 189 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Jambi: east end of Danau Arang Arang
[original type locality: Indonesia: Bangka: Marawang];
neotype: ZRC 38538, designated by Tan & Ng, 1996:
536, fig. 1a, Ng & Lim, 2008: 56, fig. 44)
Ompok miostoma (Vaillant, 1902)
Wallago miostoma Vaillant, 1902: 44 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Mahakam River at
Tepoe ["3 hours upstream of Melak by steamer", Nieu-
wenhuis, 1900: 354; based on Nieuwenhuis' map appar-
ently today's Tering Lama [Tring]; about 0°04'10"S
115°38'40"E]; syntypes: RMNH 7811 [2], Roberts,
1982d: 892, fig. 3b; compound noun, indeclinable [not
adjective because it did not agree in gender in original
description])
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
236
Ompok pabo (Hamilton, 1822)
Silurus pabo Hamilton, 1822: 153, 375, pl. 17 [22] fig. 48
(type locality: India: "Brahmaputra River, towards
Asam"; types: NT)
Silurus erythrogaster Swainson, 1839: 306 (available by
indication to Hamilton, 1822: pl. 17 [22] fig. 48 [Silurus
pabo]; type locality: India: "Brahmaputra River, towards
Asam"; holotype: model of Hamilton's figure, lost)
Callichrous nigrescens Day, 1870c: 616 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Irrawaddy, Pegu and Sittoung Rivers; syntypes: ZSI
A.500 [2], AMS B.7636 [1], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976:
157, Ferraris et al., 2000: 300)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Ng & Hadiaty (2009:
56) and Ng (2013: 165).
Ompok pinnatus Ng, 2003
Ompok pinnatus Ng, 2003a: 48, fig. 1 (type locality: Cam-
bodia: Tonle Sap at Kompong Chhnang, fishing lot 9 in
second channel East of town; holotype: UMMZ 232679)
Ompok platyrhynchus Ng & Tan, 2004
Ompok platyrhynchus Ng & Tan, 2004: 2, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Borneo: Brunei Darussalam: Temburong District:
Temburong basin, Belalong sub-basin, Sungai Esu, about
15 minutes upstream of Kuala Belalong Field studies
Centre; 4°32'17.9"N 115°09'35.2"E; holotype: ZRC
48678, Ng & Lim, 2008: 48, fig. 37)
Ompok pluriradiatus Ng, 2002
Ompok pluriradiatus Ng, 2002a: 28, fig. 3 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Mahakam River
drainage, a swift blackwater stream entering Mahakam
River from the left side downriver of Muarapahu; 0°14'S
116°07'E; holotype: MZB 5951)
Ompok rhadinurus Ng, 2003
Ompok rhadinurus Ng, 2003c: 1299, fig. 3 (type locality:
Malaysia: Selangor: North Selangor peat swamp forest,
irrigation canal on western boundary; holotype: ZRC
14897, Ng & Lim, 2008: 49, fig. 38)
Ompok sabanus Inger & Chin, 1959
Ompok sabanus Inger & Chin, 1959: 282 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Lahad Datu district: Segama
River at Segama Estate near Lahad Datu; holotype:
FMNH 44828)
Ompok siluroides La Cepède, 1803
Ompok siluroïdes La Cepède, 1803: 50, pl. 1 fig. 2 (type
locality: not indicated but likely to be Indonesia: Java:
Batavia [Jakarta; see below]; holotype: MNHN A.8669,
Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 21, Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1840a: 362, Bornbusch, 1995: 43)
Wallago krattensis Fowler, 1934b: 335, fig. 1 (type locality:
Thailand: Kratt [Trat]; holotype: ANSP 60177, Böhlke,
1984: 157)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Ng & Hadiaty (2009:
56). Ompok siluroides was earlier treated as a synonym of
O. bimaculatus
La Cepède (1803: 50) did not mention the type locality
of Ompok siluroides. But he mentioned "a label attached to
this individual indicated that the name given to this species
in the country that it inhabited is Ompok". There is no rea-
son to doubt that 'ompok' is either an erroneous transcrip-
tion, or a misreading of limpok, which is still the name of a
number of Ompok and Kryptopterus species in Indonesia.
At that time, freshwater fish material from Southeast Asia,
especially material received in the Netherlands, did not usu-
ally originate from elsewhere than Batavia [Jakarta], on Java.
Therefore the inference is that the type locality is probably
Batavia, a conclusion already reached by Bleeker (1858j:
304). See also Ng & Hadiaty (2009: 56).
Ompok supernus Ng, 2008
Ompok supernus Ng, 2008e: 60, figs. 2, 4 (type locality:
Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah, Rungan River drainage in
vicinity of Tangkiling; holotype: MZB 10983)
Ompok urbaini (Fang & Chaux, in Chaux & Fang, 1849)
Cryptopterus urbaini Fang & Chaux, in Chaux & Fang,
1949a: 197, fig. 2 (type locality: Cambodia; holotype:
MNHN 1966-0706 [1], Ng, 2003c: 1304 [as syntype],
Ferraris, 2007: 373)
Ompok weberi (Hardenberg, 1936)
Callichrous weberi Hardenberg, 1936: 232 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Padang Tikar Bay;
holotype: LU, probably lost, Ng & Siebert, 2002: 170)
Phalacronotus Bleeker, 1857
Phalacronotus Bleeker, 1857n: 472 (type species: Silurus
phalacronotus Bleeker, 1851p: 429, by absolute tauton-
ymy). Gender masculine.
Phalacronotus apogon (Bleeker, 1851)
Silurus apogon Bleeker, 1851j: 67 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; synty-
pes [4, 118–175 mm TL]: ? part of RMNH 6843 [8],
Bornbusch, 1995: 45)
Silurus leptonema Bleeker, 1852r: 584 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [268 mm TL]: LU)
Silurus micropogon Bleeker, 1855l: 419 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Silurus apogon Bleeker, 1851j: 67)
Phalacronotus bleekeri (Günther, 1864)
Micronema Bleekeri Bleeker, 1864g: 34 (nomen nudum);
1864j: 175 (nomen nudum)
Cryptopterus bleekeri Günther, 1864a: 44 (type locality:
Thailand; syntypes: BMNH 1863.12.4.105 [1],
? 1862.11.1.208 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 374)
Micronema Bleekeri Bocourt, 1866: 17, pl. 1 fig. 3 (type
locality: Thailand: Mé-nam [Chao Phraya]; syntypes:
MNHN 1546 [3], Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 22, Bornbusch,
1995: 45; secondary junior homonym of Cryptopterus
bleekeri Günther, 1864a: 44)
Phalacronotus micronemus (Bleeker, 1846)
Silurus micronemus Bleeker, 1846a: 18 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [326 mm TL;
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
237
see Bleeker, 1858j: 301]: RMNH 6841, Bornbusch, 1995:
45; also in Bleeker, 1846c: 289)
Silurus phalacronotus Bleeker, 1851p: 429 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; holotype
[220 mm TL]: LU)
Phalacronotus micruropterus Bleeker, 1857n: 473 (unnec-
essary replacement name for Silurus phalacronotus Blee-
ker, 1851p: 429)
Micronema typus Bleeker, 1858g: 420 (unnecessary repla-
cement name for Silurus micronemus Bleeker, 1846a:
18; also Bleeker, 1858j: 300)
Kryptopterus deignani Fowler, 1937: 136, figs. 10–12 (type
locality: Thailand: Me Poon [Mae Phun, a stream enter-
ing Mae Nam Yom at 17°40'N 99°42'E; de Schauensee,
1946: 5; see Kottelat, 1990e: 207]; holotype: ANSP
67884, Böhlke, 1984: 156)
Phalacronotus parvanalis (Inger & Chin, 1959)
Kryptopterus parvanalis Inger & Chin, 1959: 284, fig. 46
(type locality: Borneo: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kina-
batangan District: Kinabatangan River at Deramakot;
holotype: FMNH 68014)
Pterocryptis Peters, 1861
Pterocryptis Peters, 1861: 712 (type species: Pterocryptis
gangelica Peters, 1861: 712, by monotypy). Gender fem-
inine.
Apodoglanis Fowler, 1905a: 463 (type species: Apodogla-
nis furnessi Fowler, 1905a: 463, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Penesilurus Herre, 1924a: 1570 (type species: Penesilurus
palavanensis Herre, 1924a: 1570, by original designa-
tion; also in Herre, 1924c: 703). Gender masculine.
Hitoichthys Herre, 1924a: 1570 (type species: Hitoichthys
taytayensis Herre, 1924a: 1570, by original designation;
precedence of Hito and Hitoichthys not fully certain but
there are indications that Herre, 1924a appeared before
Herre, 1924c, see Bibliographic notes; if precedence
cannot be determined, first reviser [Haig, 1952: 82] gave
precedence to Hito). Gender masculine.
Hito Herre, 1924c: 702 (type species: Hito taytayensis Herre,
1924c: 703, by original designation; objective junior
synonym of Hitoichthys Herre, 1924a: 1570). Gender
masculine.
Herklotsella Herre, 1933a: 179 (type species: Herklotsella
anomala Herre, 1933a: 179, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. Apodoglanis being explicitly formed
on the classical Greek word glanis (see Steyskal, 1980: 170),
it is feminine (Code art. 30.1.2). Herklotsella Herre is dated
December 1933 but appatrently appeared only in early 1934
(Eschmeyer, 2011) and Herklotsella Fowler, published on
20 January 1934, might have precedence.
Pterocryptis anomala (Herre, 1933)
Herklotsella anomala Herre, 1933a: 179 (type locality: Chi-
na: Hong Kong market; holotype: CAS-SU 26769,
Böhlke, 1953: 42, Ng & Chan, 2005: 52)
Silurus sinensis Hora, 1937b: 343, fig. 8c–d (based on Silu-
rus wynaadensis of Tchang, 1936: 35; type locality: Chi-
na: Guangxi: Lunchow; holotype: ASIZB [ex ZMFMIB
13692], Ferraris, 2007: 375; primary junior homonym
of Silurus sinensis La Cepède, 1803: 82, pl. 2 fig. 1 and
Silurus sinensis M'Clelland, 1844a: 402)
Silurus gilberti Hora, 1938: 243 (replacement name for Si-
lurus sinensis Hora, 1937b: 343)
Pterocryptis berdmorei (Blyth, 1860)
Siluricthys Berdmorei Blyth, 1860b: 156 (type locality:
Burma: Tenasserim; holotype: ZSI 481, Hora, 1936c:
355)
Silurus torrentis Kobayakawa, 1989: 171, fig. 33 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Trang Province: stream Lampae in Kha-
oluk village; holotype: NSMT-P 50234)
Silurus morehensis Arunkumar & Tombi Singh, 1997: 73,
fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Chandel District:
Moreh Bazar [Chindwin drainage: headwaters of Yu
River]; holotype: MUMF 2211/1A)
Pterocryptis bokorensis (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1937)
Penesilurus bokorensis Pellegrin & Chevey, 1937: 315 (type
locality: Cambodia: Bokor, 800–1000 masl; holotype:
MNHN 1936-0167, Ng & Chan, 2005: 60)
Pterocryptis buccata Ng & Kottelat, 1998
Pterocryptis buccata Ng & Kottelat, 1998c: 394, fig. 1 (type
locality: Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province: Amphoe Sai
Yok [district], Mae Khlong basin [Sai Yok village:
14°14'N 99°04'E]; holotype: ZRC 41496, Ng & Lim,
2008: 51, fig. 39)
Pterocryptis cochinchinensis (Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1840)
Silurus Cochinchinensis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1840a: 352 (type locality: Vietnam: "Cochin-
chine"; syntypes: MNHN 573 [1], B.602 [1, listed as
holotype by Kobayakawa, 1989: 156], Bertin & Estève,
1950a: 23, Ng & Freyhof, 2001: 625)
Pterocryptis crenula Ng & Freyhof, 2001
Pterocryptis crenula Ng & Freyhof, 2001: 630, fig. 6 (type
locality: Vietnam: Quang Ninh Province: Hai Ninh Dis-
trict: torrent at km 5 on road from Bac Phong Sinh to
Mong Cai, 21°35'31"N 107°43'52"E; holotype: ZRC
46317, Ng & Lim, 2008: 52, fig. 40)
Pterocryptis cucphuongensis (Mai, 1978)
Silurus cucphuongensis Mai, 1978: 245, fig. 112 (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Thanh Hoa Province: Cuc Phuong Na-
tional Park [from a cave, about 20°19'N 105°22'E; Esch-
meyer, 2011]; holotype: DVZUT 345, Ng & Freyhof,
2001: 633)
Pterocryptis furnessi (Fowler, 1905)
Apodoglanis furnessi Fowler, 1905a: 463, fig. 2 (type local-
ity: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River; holotype:
ANSP 114894 [formerly WIAP 2485], Böhlke, 1984:
157, Bornbusch, 1991: 1071)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
238
Pterocryptis inusitata Ng, 1999
Pterocryptis inusitata Ng, 1999c: 372, fig. 1 (type locality:
Laos: Nam Theun drainage: Nam Ong [error for Nam
On] at Ban Don; holotype: ZRC 41455, Ng & Lim, 2008:
53, fig. 41)
Pterocryptis taytayensis (Herre, 1924)
Hitoichthys taytayensis Herre, 1924a: 1570 (type locality:
Phillipines: Palawan: small creek near Taytay; holotype:
BSM 9357, lost; also in Herre, 1924c: 703 [as Hito tay-
tayensis])
Penesilurus palavanensis Herre, 1924a: 1570 (type locali-
ty: Philipines: Palawan: Lake Manguao; holotype: BSM,
lost; simultaneous subjective synonym of Hitoichthys
taytayensis Herre, 1924a: 1570, first reviser [Haig, 1952:
102] gave precedence to H. taytayensis; also in Herre,
1924c: 704)
Pterocryptis verecunda Ng & Freyhof, 2001
Pterocryptis verecunda Ng & Freyhof, 2001: 636, fig. 9 (type
locality: Vietnam: Hai Phong Province: Cat Ba Island,
stream near eastern entrance of Trung Trang cave,
20°47'17"N 107°00'04"E; holotype: ZRC 46316, Ng &
Lim, 2008: 54, fig. 42)
Silurichthys Bleeker, 1856
Silurichthys Bleeker, 1856h: 417, 418 (type species: Silu-
rus phaiosoma Bleeker, 1851p: 428, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Silurichthys citatus Ng & Kottelat, 1997
Silurichthys citatus Ng & Kottelat, 1997: 204, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungai
Sekumpai where it flows into Sungai Pinoh, 19 km south
of Nangapinoh, 0°32'S 111°39.5'E; holotype: MZB 3670)
Silurichthys gibbiceps Ng & Ng, 1998
Silurichthys gibbiceps Ng & Ng, 1998: 301, fig. 6 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Barito
basin, Sungai Paku Merah, 0°35.171'S 115°11.398'E
[0°35'10.3"S 115°11'23.9"E]; holotype: MZB 6101)
Silurichthys hasseltii Bleeker, 1858
Silurichthys Hasseltii Bleeker, 1858j: 270 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Tjisekat; neotype: RMNH 2992, desig-
nated by Ng & Ng, 1998: 305)
Silurichthys indragiriensis Volz, 1904
Silurichthys indragiriensis Volz, 1904: 464 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Kwantan River [Kuantan; upper
Indragiri] near Djapura [see Schneider, 1905: 28]; holo-
type: NMW 44622, Ng & Ng, 1998: 308)
Silurichthys ligneolus Ng & Tan, 2011
Silurichthys ligneolus Ng & Tan, 2011: 57, fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Kahay-
an River drainage, Rungan River sub-drainage, Sungai
Panta, blackwater river draining into Rungan River and
its confluence, connected to Nyaru Menteng, 2°02'01.0"S
113°47'05.5"E; holotype: MZB 17184)
Silurichthys marmoratus Ng & Ng, 1998
Silurichthys marmoratus Ng & Ng, 1998: 310, fig. 11 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Sungai Sebiris,
13.8 km after Kampung Puteh turnoff, towards Lundu
on Sematan–Lundu road; 1°41'32"N 109°47'00.8"E;
holotype: ZRC 40293, Ng & Lim, 2008: 55, fig. 43)
Silurichthys phaiosoma (Bleeker, 1851)
Silurus phaiosoma Bleeker, 1851p: 428 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; holotype
[82 mm TL]: RMNH 6831)
Silurichthys sanguineus Roberts, 1989
Silurichthys sanguineus Roberts, 1989: 151, fig. 119 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sungai
Tekam where it enters Kapuas about 5–6 km upstream
from Sanggau, 0°06.5'N 110°37'E; holotype: MZB 3673)
Silurichthys schneideri Volz, 1904
Silurichthys schneideri Volz, 1904: 463 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Sumatera Utara: Upper Langkat,
Danau near Sukaranda [Sukaranda Estate, north of
Serapit; 3°37'N 98°14'E; see also Schneider, 1905: 4];
holotype: NMW 44623, Ng & Ng, 1998: 318)
Silurichthys leucopodus Fowler, 1939b: 56, figs. 4–6 (type
locality: Thailand: waterfall at Trang; holotype: ANSP
68463, Böhlke, 1984: 157)
Silurus Linnaeus, 1758
Silurus Linnaeus, 1758: 304 (type species: Silurus glanis
Linnaeus, 1758: 304, by Linnaean tautonymy; on Offi-
cial List of Generic Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1956b:
339 [Direction 56]). Gender masculine.
Glanis Agassiz, 1856: 333 (nomen nudum; not junior hom-
onym of Glanis Rafinesque, 1818b: 447 (a nomen nu-
dum); junior homonym of Glanis Agassiz, 1829: 10 and
Glanis Gronow, in Gray, 1854: 135). Gender feminine.
Parasilurus Bleeker, 1862b: 394 (type species: Silurus
japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 226, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. Eschmeyer (2011) considered that
the type species designation for Silurus is by subsequent
designation and not by Linnaean tautonymy. He comment-
ed that "Silurus" appears in the synonymy of 4 of the 14
nominal species described by Linnaeus (1758). This is cor-
rect, but Code art. 68.5 requires the citation of a pre-1758
name of one word identical with the new genus-group name;
S. glanis is the only species including in its synonymy the
one-word name "Silurus", and therefore it is type species
by Linnaean tautonymy.
Silurus asotus Linnaeus, 1758
Silurus Asotus Linnaeus, 1758: 304 (type locality: Asia;
types: NT; invalid neotype designation by Chen, 1977:
206, 216)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
239
Silurus dauuricus Pallas, 1787: 359, pl. 11 fig. 11 (type lo-
cality: Russia: Dauuria: Onon, Ingoda and Argun drain-
ages; types: ? ZMB, ? ZISP)
Silurus punctatus Cantor, 1842: 485 (type locality: China:
Chusan Island [Zhoushan Dao]; syntypes: BMNH
1968.3.11.29 [3], ? 1843.7.21.6 [1], ? 1843.7.21.24 [1],
? 1843.7.2.1.25 [1], ? 1860.3.19.736–737 [2],
? 1860.3.19.785–786 [2], Ferraris, 2007: 379; primary
junior homonym of Silurus punctatus Rafinesque, 1818a:
355)
Silurus xanthosteus Richardson, 1845b: 133, pl. 56 figs. 12–
14 (type locality: China: Chusan [Zhoushan Dao] and
Canton; syntypes: BMNH 1968.3.11.29 [3] and speci-
men on which is based Reeves unpublished drawing,
Whitehead, 1970a: 210)
Silurus japonicus Richardson, 1846a: 282 (type locality: Sea
of Japan; holotype: BMNH LU)
Silurus japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 226, pl. 104
fig. 1 (type locality: Japan: Higo, Satzuma and Nagasa-
ki [locality of lectotype not stated]; lectotype: RMNH
D.675, designated by Boeseman, 1947: 169)
? Silurichthys basilewskii Bleeker, 1858j: 256 (based on
Silurus asotus of Basilewski, 1855: 240, pl. 3 fig. 4; type
locality: China: flowing and standing waters, and in Gulf
of Tschili; types: LU)
Silurus cinereus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 189, pl. 47 fig. 1
(type locality: China: Yang-tse-kiang [Yangtze River];
types: ? MNHN)
Silurus bedfordi Regan, 1908a: 61, pl. 2 fig. 3 (type locali-
ty: South Korea: Kimhoa and Chong-ju; syntypes:
BMNH 1907.12.10.67 [1], 1907.12.10.66 [1, listed as
holotype by Kobayakawa, 1989: 156], Ferraris, 2007:
379)
Parasilurus asotus var. longus Wu, 1930c: 255, fig. 1 (type
locality: China: Tchekiang [Zhejiang]: creek on the hill
of Tian-Tai; syntypes [2]: ? MNHN)
Taxonomic notes. Silurus inermis Houttuyn, 1782, S. im-
berbis Gmelin, 1789 and Centranodon japonicus La Cepède,
1803 are tentative synonyms of Sphyraena acutipinnis Day,
1876.
Nomenclatural notes. Chen (1977: 216) designated "ten
specimens [...] from the Heilung Kiang River [...] as neo-
type" of Silurus asotus. As the neotype must be a single
specimen, this designation is not valid.
Silurus burmanensis Khin Thant, 1967
Silurus burmanensis Khin Thant, 1967: 219, pls. 1–3 (type
locality: Burma: Southern Shan States: Inlé Lake
(20°35'N 95°57'E): southern part of marginal zone, about
a mile from In-Paw-Khon village; holotype: Zoology
Museum, Arts and Science University, Rangoon Lpi 332
[destroyed; Britz & Win, 2010: 66])
Wallago Bleeker, 1851
Wallago Bleeker, 1851d: 265 (type species: Silurus muel-
leri Bleeker, 1846a: 18, by subsequent designation by
Bleeker, 1862c: 17, 79 [see Kottelat, 2000d: 87; Esch-
meyer, 2011]). Gender masculine.
? Silurodon Kner, 1866: 546 (type species: Siluranodon
hexanema Kner, 1866: 546, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine.
Wallagonia Myers, 1938: 98 (type species: Wallago leerii
Bleeker, 1851p: 427, by original designation). Gender
feminine.
Wallago attu (Schneider, 1801)
Silurus attu Schneider, 1801: 378, pl. 75 (type locality: In-
dia: "Habitat in lacubus Malabariae" [in lakes of Mala-
bar]; holotype: ZMB 8783, lost, Paepke, 1999: 139; spelt
athu pp. xlviii, 378, first reviser [Bleeker, 1858j: 263,
1863a: 79] retained attu as correct original spelling)
Silurus boalis Hamilton, 1822: 154, 375, pl. 29 fig. 49 (type
locality: "Gangetic provinces and all over India"; types:
NT)
Silurus macrostomus Swainson, 1839: 306 (available by
indication to Hamilton, 1822: 154, pl. 29 fig. 49 [Silu-
rus boalis]; type locality: "Gangetic provinces and all
over India"; types: NT)
Silurus Wallagoo Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 354 (type locality: India: Calcutta, Bengal, Viza-
gapattam, Coromandel and Malabar Coast / Burma; syn-
types: MNHN and material on which are based Silurus
attu Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 378, Silurus boalis
Hamilton, 1822: 154 and Wallagoo of Russell, 1803b:
pl. 165)
Silurus Mülleri Bleeker, 1846a: 18 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU, but possibly in-
cluded in type series of Wallago Russellii Bleeker, 1853o:
108; incorrect original spelling, must be emended to
muelleri, Code art. 32.5.2.1; also in Bleeker, 1846c: 289)
Wallago Russellii Bleeker, 1853o: 108 (type locality: India:
Hooghly River in Calcutta / Indonesia: Java: Batavia
[Jakarta]; syntypes [4: 285–485 mm TL, possibly includ-
ing type(s) of Silurus muelleri Bleeker, 1846]: LU)
? Silurodon hexanema Kner, 1866: 546 (type locality: Chi-
na: Shanghai [probably erroneous, Haig, 1952: 80];
types: NMW; also in Kner, 1867: 305, pl. 12 fig. 2)
Silurus pelorius Hora, 1933: 133 (not available, name listed
in synonymy)
Wallago attu valeya Deraniyagala, 1953: 45 (type locality:
Sri Lanka: Western Province: Yakvala; holotype: NMSL
FF187, Pethiyagoda, 1991a: 336; holotype figured in
Deraniyagala, 1952: pl. 13)
Wallago leerii Bleeker, 1851
Wallago Leerii Bleeker, 1851p: 427 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas / Sumatra: Pa-
lembang; syntypes [2, 225–230 mm TL]: part of RMNH
6833 [4], Ferraris, 2007: 81)
Wallago nebulosus Vaillant, 1902: 46 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Mahakam River at
Tepoe ["3 hours upstream of Melak by steamer", Nieu-
wenhuis, 1900: 354; based on Nieuwenhuis' map appar-
ently today's Tering Lama [Tring]; about 0°04'10"S
115°38'40"E]; holotype: RMNH 7812, Roberts, 1982d:
893, fig. 3a)
? Wallagonia tweediei Hora & Misra, in Hora & Gupta, 1941:
18, figs. 2–3 (type locality: Malaysia: Pahang: Kuala
Tahan; holotype: ZRC 350 [head and fins, plaster cast],
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
240
Family CHACIDAE
Chaca bankanensis Bleeker, 1852
Chaca bankanensis Bleeker, 1852p: 455 (type locality: In-
donesia: Banka [Bangka]; holotype [68 mm TL]: RMNH
5405, Roberts, 1982c: 899, Ng & Kottelat, 2012: 43)
Chaca Bankae Giebel, 1862: 323 (type locality: Indonesia:
Banka [Bangka]; holotype (?): LU [was in Zoologisches
Museum, Halle], Ng & Kottelat, 2012: 44)
Chaca burmensis Brown & Ferraris, 1988
Chaca burmensis Brown & Ferraris, 1988: 3, fig. 1 (type
locality: Burma: Sittang River; holotype: BMNH
1891.11.30.144)
Chaca serica Ng & Kottelat, 2012
Chaca serica Ng & Kottelat, 2012: 38, fig. 2 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Kahayan River
drainage, Danau Tahai; holotype: MZB 17202)
Chacidae Bleeker, 1858
Chacini Bleeker, 1858j: 50, 310, 322 (type genus: Chaca
Gray, 1831b: 9)
Chaca Gray, 1831
Chaca Gray, 1831b: 9 (type species: Chaca hamiltonii Gray,
1831b: 9, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Chaca Valenciennes, 1832b: 386 (type species: Chaca
lophioides Cuvier & Valenciennes, in Valenciennes,
1832b: 386, by monotypy; junior homonym of Chaca
Gray, 1831b: 9). Gender feminine.
Brachystacus van der Hoeven, 1850–51: 280 (type species:
Platystacus chaca Hamilton, 1822: 140, 374, by mono-
typy). Gender masculine.
Alfred, 1970: 68, Ng & Lim, 2008: 57, fig. 45, ZSI F
13365/1 [right anterior gill-arch], Menon & Yazdani,
1968: 125)
Wallago maculatus Inger & Chin, 1859
Wallago maculatus Inger & Chin, 1959: 279 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kinabatangan District: Kina-
batangan River at Deramakot; holotype: FMNH 68038)
Wallago micropogon Ng, 2004
Wallago micropogon Ng, 2004b: 93, fig. 1 (type locality:
Cambodia: Stung Treng market; 13°30'N 105°58'E; ho-
lotype: UMMZ 232320)
Family PLOTOSIDAE
Plotosidae Bleeker, 1858
Plotosichthyoidei Bleeker, 1858j: 49, 309 (type genus: Plo-
tosus La Cepède, 1803: 129)
Paraplotosus Bleeker, 1863
Paraplotosus Bleeker, 1863a: 100 (type species: Plotosus
albilabris Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 427, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Endorrhis Ogilby, 1898d: 283 (type species: Copidoglanis
longifilis Macleay, 1881d: 207 [143 in 1884 edition], by
original designation). Gender feminine.
Paraplotosus albilabris (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Va-
lenciennes, 1840)
Plotosus albilabris Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1840b: 427 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Batavia
[Jakarta]; holotype: MNHN A.9544, Bertin & Estève,
1950a: 20, Allen, 1998: 127)
Plotosus macrophthalmus Bleeker, 1846a: 56 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in
Bleeker, 1846b: 179)
Copidoglanis longifilis Macleay, 1881d: 207 [143 of 1884
edition] (type locality: Australia: Queensland: Long Is-
lands, Torres Strait; syntypes: AMS I.16269-001 [2],
Paxton et al., 1989: 225, Allen, 1998: 127)
Plotosus La Cepède, 1803
Plotosus La Cepède, 1803: 129 (type species: Platystacus
anguillaris Bloch, 1794: 61, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Plotosis Duméril, 1805: 340 (incorrect subsequent spelling
of Plotosus La Cepède, 1803: 129)
Plotoseus Lesson, 1829a: 435, 1832: pl. 31 (incorrect sub-
sequent spelling of Plotosus La Cepède, 1803: 129)
Plotosius Temminck & Schlegel, in Siebold, 1846: 228 (in-
correct subsequent spelling of Plotosus La Cepède, 1803:
129)
Deportator Gistel, 1848: x (unnecessary replacement name
for Plotosus La Cepède, 1803: 129). Gender masculine.
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241
Plotosus abbreviatus Boulenger, 1895
Plotosus abbreviatus Boulenger, 1895a: 247 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: mouth of Baram River;
holotype: BMNH 1894.8.3.35, Ng & Sparks, 2002: 567)
Taxonomic notes. Treated as valid by Yoshino & Kishimo-
to (2008: 7).
Plotosus canius Hamilton, 1822
Plotosus canius Hamilton, 1822: 142, 374, pl. 15 fig. 44
(type locality: India: rivers of southern parts of Bengal;
types: NT)
Plotosus caesius Cuvier, 1829: 297 (available by indication
to Hamilton, 1822: pl. 15 fig. 44; type locality: India:
rivers of southern parts of Bengal; holotype: specimen
figured by Hamilton)
Plotosus unicolor Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 426 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype:
MNHN A.8924, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 19)
Plotosus viviparus Bleeker, 1846a: 59 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: RMNH 8066
[1], 15875 [6], SMNS 10624 [1], Fricke, 1991: 18, 2005:
54; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 182)
Plotosus horridus Bleeker, 1846a: 59 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in Blee-
ker, 1846b: 183)
Plotosus multiradiatus Bleeker, 1846a: 60 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in
Bleeker, 1846b: 183)
Plotosus caesius Hyrtl, 1859: 5, 6, 17 (type locality: not
stated; types: LU; junior homonym of Plotosus caesius
Cuvier, 1829: 297)
Silurus unitus Hora, 1933: 133 (not available, name listed
in synonymy)
Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1775)
Silurus Arab Forskål, 1775: xvi (reference to "Silurus arab"
as a name available from Forskål is incorrect as Forskål
used 'Arab' to indicate vernacular name in Arabian [the
section 'Nominati' is a glossary giving translation of each
name into different languages]; see Jordan & Fowler,
1903b: 898, Weber, 1913a: 30, Smith, 1941a: 15 and
Klausewitz & Nielsen, 1965: 24)
Silurus lineatus Thunberg, 1787: 31 (type locality: Indian
Ocean [Thunberg, 1791: 191]; syntypes: UUZM 285,
ZMUC P 28555, Wallin, 1996: 62, Ferraris, 2007: 350;
also in Thunberg, 1791: 191, pl. 6)
Platystacus anguillaris Bloch, 1794: 61, pl. 373 fig. 1 (type
locality: India: Tranquebar [Tharangambadi, 11°01'37"N
79°51'E]; lectotype: ZMB 3078, designated by Taylor &
Gomon, in Daget et al., 1986: 160)
Plotosus thunbergianus La Cepède, 1803: 693, 694 (unnec-
essary replacement name for Silurus lineatus Thunberg,
1787: 31)
Plotosus marginatus Bennett, 1830: 691 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra; syntypes: BMNH 1855.12.26.452 [1],
Ferraris, 2007: 350; not anonymous, see pp. xi, 629)
Plotoseus ikapor Lesson, 1829a: 435 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Waigiou: Offach Bay [Waigeo Island: Teluk Fo-
fak]; types: holotype: ? NT; also in Lesson, 1831: pl. 31
fig. 3 [5 Sept.], p. 132 [13 Oct.])
Plotosus vittatus Swainson, 1839: 307 (available by indica-
tion to Bloch, 1794: pl. 373 fig. 1 [Platystacus anguil-
laris]; type locality: India: Tranquebar [Tharangamba-
di, 11°01'37"N 79°51'E]; holotype: ZMB, model of
Bloch's figure)
Plotosus lineatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 412 (type locality: Red Sea / Seychelles / Isle-
de-France [Mauritius] / Sri Lanka: Trinquemale / India:
Pondicherry / Indonesia: Sulawesi and Ambon / Iles des
Amis [Tonga Islands] / Society Islands / Macao / Phil-
ippines; syntypes: MNHN 8932 [10 or 11], A.8930 [1],
A.8931 [2], A.8936 [1], Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 19, and
material on which are based the accounts of various au-
thors cited; secondary junior homonym of Silurus linea-
tus Thunberg, 1787: 31 [Plotoseus lineatus of Temminck
& Schlegel, 1846: 228 is not a new species but explicit-
ly said to have been described by Valenciennes])
Plotosus malignus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 420 (not available, name listed in synonymy)
Plotosus castaneus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1840b: 421 (type locality: India: Mahé; holotype:
MNHN A.8929, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 19)
Plotosus castaneoïdes Bleeker, 1851q: 490 (type locality:
Indonesia: Rio [Riau]; syntypes [2, 160–170 mm TL]:
RMNH)
Plotosus arab Bleeker, 1862a: 111 (available by indication
to Plotosus anguillaris of La Cepède, 1803: 130, pl. 3
fig. 2, itself based on specimens and Platystacus anguil-
laris Bloch, 1794: 61, pl. 373 fig. 1; type locality: India:
Tranquebar [Tharangambadi, 11°01'37"N 79°51'E]
[Bloch; locality of Commerson's material reported by
La Cepède not known]; syntypes: MNHN, ZMB 3078
[1], 3079 [1])
Plotosus flavolineatus Stuart, in Whitley, 1941b: 311, fig.
(nomen nudum)
Plotosus brevibarbus Bessednov, 1967: 446, fig. 3 (type
locality: Vietnam: Tonkin Bay [Gulf of Tonkin], 21°10'N
108°30'E; holotype: TINRO 3667)
Nomenclatural notes. See under Ophichthus for comments
on names in some of Thunberg's publication. The author of
Plotosus lineatus is Thunberg and the respondent was
Holmer.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
242
Family CLARIIDAE
Clariidae Bonaparte, 1846
Heterobranchia Latreille, 1825: 125 (not available; not based
on a genus recognised as valid; Code art. 11.7.1.1)
Clariadini Bonaparte, 1845d: 387, 1845e: 8 (type genus:
Clarias Scopoli, 1777: 455)
Heterobranchoidei Bleeker, 1858j: 33, 37, 41, 333 (type
genus: Heterobranchus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1808:
pls. 16–17)
Saccobranchini Bleeker, 1858j: 336 (type genus: Saccobran-
chus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 399)
Heteropneustidae Hora, 1936a: 209 (type genus: Hetero-
pneustes Müller, 1840: 115)
Taxonomic notes. Heteropneustes, formerly constituting the
family Heteropneustidae, is included in Clariidae, follow-
ing de Pinna (1998) and Diogo et al. (2003).
Nomenclatural notes. Synonymy not complete.
Clarias Scopoli, 1763
Clarias Gronovius, 1763: 100 (not available, name in a re-
jected work, ICZN, 1925: 27 [Opinion 89]).
Chlarias Scopoli, 1777: 455 (type species: Silurus anguil-
laris Linnaeus, 1758: 305, by subsequent designation
by Teugels, in Daget et al., 1986: 69 [not Teugels &
Roberts, 1987: 96, not Roberts, 1989: 127]; no species
originally included, first inclusion by Swainson, 1839:
307, not Cuvier, 1816a: 206, where it is used only as
vernacular; spelling Clarias is correct original spelling
by virtue of Code art. 33.3.1). Gender masculine.
Macropteronotus La Cepède, 1803: 84 (type species: Macro-
pteronotus
charmuth La Cepède, 1803: 85, by subsequent
designation by Jordan, 1917: 65). Gender masculine.
Cossyphus M'Clelland, 1844a: 403 (type species: Cossyphus
ater M'Clelland, 1844a: 403, by monotypy; junior hom-
onym of Cossyphus Olivier, 1791: 121 in insects, Cossy-
phus Fabricius, 1798: 123 in insects, and Cossyphus
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1839: 102 in
fishes). Gender masculine.
Phagorus McClelland, 1844b: 225 (replacement name for
Cossyphus M'Clelland, 1844a: 403). Gender masculine.
Dinotopteroides Fowler, 1930a: 41 (type species: Dinoto-
pteroides prentissgrayi Fowler, 1930a: 41, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Heterobranchoides David, 1935: 82, 99 (subgenus of Cla-
rias Scopoli, 1777: 455; not available, published after
1930 without type species designation, Code art. 13.3)
Clarioides David & Poll, 1937: 231 (subgenus of Clarias
Scopoli, 1777: 455; not available, published after 1930
without type species designation, Code art. 13.3)
Prophagorus Smith, 1939: 236 (type species: Clarias nieu-
hofii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b:
386, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Platycephaloides Teugels, 1982a: 11 (subgenus of Clarias
Scopoli, 1777: 455; type species: Clarias platycephalus
Boulenger, 1902b: 35, by original designation; also in
Teugels, 1982b: 736). Gender masculine.
Clarioides Teugels, 1982a: 12 (subgenus of Clarias Sco-
poli, 1777: 455; type species: Clarias angolensis Stein-
dachner, 1866b: 766, by original designation; also in
Teugels, 1982b: 737). Gender masculine.
Anguilloclarias Teugel, 1982a: 13 (subgenus of Clarias
Scopoli, 1777: 455; type species: Clarias theodorae
Weber, 1897: 150, by original designation; also in Teu-
gels, 1982b: 738). Gender masculine.
Brevicephaloides Teugels, 1982a: 14 (subgenus of Clarias
Scopoli, 1777: 455; type species: Clarias camerunensis
Lönnberg, 1895: 182, by original designation; also in
Teugels, 1982b: 739). Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. Clarias Cuvier, 1816a: 206 is not a
new name, but a misspelling of Chlarias Scopoli, 1777. This
spelling is listed in synonymy of Macropteronotus ("Les uns,
les MACROPTÉRONOTES. Lacép. CLARIAS, Gronov. n'ont qu'une
dorsale toute rayonnée").
Species inquirenda
Clarias magony Mason, 1850: 325 (type locality: Myan-
mar: Tenasserim; types: NT)
Clarias anfractus Ng, 1999
Clarias anfractus Ng, 1999e: 18, fig. 1a (type locality: Ma-
laysia: Borneo: Sabah: Danum, forest stream 600 m into
conservation area, tributary of Sungai Segama; holotype:
ZRC 42598, Ng & Lim, 2008: 38, fig. 30)
Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Silurus Batrachus Linnaeus, 1758: 305 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: vicinity of Bandung [original type local-
ity: "Asia, Africa"]; neotype: NRM 54718, designated
by Ng & Kottelat, 2008c: 726, fig. 1 [not NRM LP 71
listed by Fernholm & Wheeler, 1983: 219; see Teugels
& Roberts, 1987: 96])
Clarias punctatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 384 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype:
MNHN)
Clarias batu Lim & Ng, 1999
Clarias batu Lim & Ng, 1999: 158, fig. 1 (type locality:
Malaysia: Pahang: Tioman Island: Sungai Baharu, on
right side of Telek-Juara trail (towards Juara); holotype:
ZRC 40087, Ng & Lim, 2008: 39, fig. 31)
Clarias fuscus (La Cepède, 1803)
Macropteronotus fuscus La Cepède, 1803: 88, pl. 2 fig. 2
(type locality: China; types: specimen[s] on which
figure[s] is based)
? Macropteronotus hexacicinnus La Cepède, 1803: 88, pl. 2
fig. 3 (type locality: China; types: specimen[s] on which
figure[s] is based)
? Clarias abbreviatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
243
ennes, 1840b: 386 (type locality: China: Macao; synty-
pes: MNHN A.9592 [2], Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 46)
Clarias pulicaris Richardson, 1845b: 135, pl. 62 figs. 5–6
(type locality: China: Canton; holotype: BMNH
1868.3.11.21–22 [1 of 2], Whitehead, 1970a: 210 [or
syntype if Reeves drawing is based on another speci-
men])
Clarias sauteri Regan, 1908c: 151 (type locality: Formosa:
Kagi [Taiwan: Chia-yi]; syntypes: BMNH 1908.5.27.16–
22 [7], SMNS 4369 [12], Ho & Shao, 2011: 33, fig. 4,
Eschmeyer, 2013)
*Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Silurus Gariepinus Burchell, 1822: 425, fig p. 445 (type
locality: South Africa, Cape Province: Vaal River [tribu-
tary of Orange River], at Smidtsdrift, above confluence
with Riet River, 28°42'10"S 24°04'29"E; neotype: RUSI
520, designated by Skelton & Teugels, 1992: 1)
Distribution notes. Introduced.
Clarias gracilentus Ng, Dang & Nguyen, 2011
Clarias gracilentus Ng, Dang & Nguyen, 2011: 62, fig. 1
(type locality: Vietnam: Phu Quoc Island: swamp drain-
ing into Rach Vem, approx. 10°22'N 103°56'E; holotype:
UMMZ 248862)
Clarias insolitus Ng, 2003
Clarias insolitus Ng, 2003d: 2, fig. 1 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Barito drainage: small
stream flowing into Sungai Rekut (tributary of Sungai
Busang) about 1.5 km upstream from Project Barito Ulu
base camp on Sungai Busang; holotype: MZB 6112)
Clarias intermedius Teugels, Sudarto & Pouyaud, 2001
Clarias intermedius Teugels, Sudarto & Pouyaud, 2001: 86,
fig. 5 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Ten-
gah: Palangkaraya market; holotype: MZB 10574)
Clarias kapuasensis Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2003
Clarias kapuasensis Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2003: 156,
fig. 2 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan
Barat: upper Kapuas basin: peat swamp bordering
Melawi River at Nanga Pinoh; holotype: MZB 10965)
Clarias leiacanthus Bleeker, 1851
Clarias leiacanthus Bleeker, 1851p: 430 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; holotype
[160
mm TL]: BMNH 1863.12.4.55, Sudarto et al., 2003: 154)
Clarias liacanthus Günther, 1864a: 20 (incorrect subsequent
spelling of Clarias leiacanthus Bleeker, 1851p: 430)
Clarias Teijsmanni Bleeker, 1857i: 344 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Buitenzorg [Bogor] Province: Tjikoppo;
holotype [110 mm TL]: RMNH 6803, Ng, 1999e: 29)
? Clarias pulcher Popta, 1904: 179 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Howong River [about
0°15'N 115°30'E]; holotype: RMNH 7542; also in Pop-
ta, 1906: 21, pl. 1 fig. 2)
Phagorus cataractus Fowler, 1939b: 54, figs. 1–3 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: waterfall at Trang; holotype: ANSP
68462, Böhlke, 1984: 59, Ng, 2001a: 161)
Clarias macrocephalus Günther, 1864
Clarias macrocephalus Günther, 1864a: 18 (type locality:
Thailand; lectotype: BMNH 1862.11.1.216, designated
by Teugels et al., 1999: 287)
Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822)
Macropteronotus magur Hamilton, 1822: 146, 374, pl. 26
fig. 45 (type locality: Ganges ["stagnis et fopis [sic; fos-
sis ?] Bengala inferioris in luto Post", Hora, 1949: 66];
types: NT ["syntypes" listed by Sudarto et al., 2004: 9
have no type status])
Macropteronotus jagur Hamilton, 1822: 145, 374 (type lo-
cality: India: Ganges basin ["stagnis Bengala inferioris
Lukipura", Hora, 1949: 66]; types: NT; simultaneous
subjective synonym of Macropteronotus magur Hamil-
ton, 1822: 146, 374, first reviser [Day, 1889: 115] gave
precedence to M. magur)
Plotosus Hamiltonii Swainson, 1839: 307 (available by in-
dication to Hamilton, 1822: 146, pl. 26 fig. 45 [Macro-
pteronotus magur]; type locality: India: Ganges ["stag-
nis et fopis Bengala inferioris in luto Post", Hora, 1949:
66]; types: NT)
Clarias marpus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 378 (type locality: India: Vizagapatham [Visa-
khapatnam], Calcutta and Pondicherry / Burma:
Rangoon / Syria: Alep; syntypes: MNHN B.685 [2],
Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 45, and specimens on which
are based P. Russell, 1803b: pl. 168 [Marpoo], A. Rus-
sell, 1756: pl. 12 fig. 1 and Gronovius, 1763: 100, pl. 8a
figs. 3–5)
? Cossyphus ater M'Clelland, 1844a: 403, pl. 22 fig. 3 (type
locality: "China: Chusan" [Zhoushan Dao]; holotype: ?
ZSI)
Clarias Assamensis Day, 1877a: 485 (type locality: India:
Assam: Goalpara and Suddya; syntypes: ZSI 1268 [1,
lost], AMS B.7485 [1], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 158,
Ferraris et al., 2000: 294)
Taxonomic notes. The records of Clarias batrachus from
Myanmar are tentatively identified as C. magur, but this
requires confirmation. It might be an unnamed species.
Clarias meladerma Bleeker, 1846
Clarias meladerma Bleeker, 1846a: 54 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; lectotype: RMNH 13709,
designated by Teugels et al., 2001: 90 [but no evidence
is given that this specimen is part of the type series: part
of A series of Bleeker's auction catalogue is not evidence
of being part of type series]; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 178)
Clarias melasoma Bleeker, 1852o: 427 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kusan River at Prabukarta / Sumatra:
Musi River in Palembang; syntypes [2, 170–300 mm TL]:
? RMNH 16413 [1], Teugels et al., 2001: 90)
Clarias melanoderma Bleeker, 1857n: 474 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Clarias melasoma Bleeker, 1852o:
427)
Clarias melanosoma Bleeker, 1858n: 1 (incorrect subsequent
spelling of Clarias melasoma Bleeker, 1852o: 427)
Clarias microspilus Ng & Hadiaty, 2011
Clarias microspilus Ng & Hadiaty, 2011: 1578, fig. 1 (type
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
244
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Nangroe Aceh Darussal-
am Province: Kabupaten Aceh Selatan: Sungai Lembang
at Pasilembang, 3°01'N 97°21'E); holotype: MZB 8706)
Clarias microstomus Ng, 2001
Clarias microstomus Ng, 2001a: 158, fig. 1 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Kayan River
drainage, Ladang near Sungai Pingai, 2°00'09.6"N
115°09'13.8"E; holotype: MZB 9336)
Clarias nieuhofii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1840
Clarias Nieuhofii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 386 (type locality: not stated [India: Bertin &
Estève, 1950a: 47; apparently erroneous]; lectotype:
MNHN B.300, designated by Ng, Dang & Nguyen, 2011:
65 [listed as holotype by Lim & Ng, 1999: 165; synty-
pes also included material on which is based Anguille
tachetée [bont-ael] of Nieuhof, 1682: (2) 271; figure re-
produced in Ng, Dang & Nguyen, 2011: 65, fig. 3])
Clarias pentapterus Bleeker, 1851l: 206 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; ho-
lotype [350 mm TL]: RMNH 6804 [as syntype in Ng,
1999e: 29])
Clarias gilli Smith & Seale, 1906: 74, fig. b (type locality:
Philippines: Mindanao: Rio Grande near Cotabato; ho-
lotype: USNM 55620, Ferraris & Vari, 1992: 17)
Clarias nigricans Ng, 2003
Clarias nigricans Ng, 2003h: 393, fig. 1 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: market in Samarin-
da; holotype: MZB 10705)
Clarias olivaceus Fowler, 1904
Chlarias olivaceus Fowler, 1904b: 499, pl. 28 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Sumatra: Padang; holotype: ANSP 27280,
Ng, 1999e: 30)
Clarias thienemanni Ahl, 1934: 235 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Sumatra: Lake Toba at Porsea; syntypes [4]: ZMB
20931 [2], 20934 [1], 20944 [1], Ng, 1999e: 29, 2001:
161, Paepke, 1995: 92)
Clarias planiceps Ng, 1999
Clarias planiceps Ng, 1999e: 22, fig. 1b (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Belakin area, Ulu Sungai
Anap; holotype: SMK uncat.)
Clarias pseudoleiacanthus Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud,
2003
Clarias pseudoleiacanthus Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud,
2003: 156, fig. 1 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Ka-
limantan Barat: Satong, peat swamp about 30 km after
Ketapang on road to Sukadana; holotype: MZB 10964)
Clarias pseudonieuhofii Sudarto, Pouyaud & Teugels,
2004
Clarias pseudonieuhofii Sudarto, Pouyaud & Teugels, 2004:
15, fig. 3 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan
Barat: upper Kapuas River, Semitau on road between
Sintang and Putussibau; holotype: MZB 10966)
Clarias sulcatus Ng, 2004
Clarias sulcatus Ng, 2004f: 290, fig. 1 (type locality: Ma-
laysia: Terengganu: Pulau Redang, stream on east slope
of west ridge; holotype: ZRC 22665, Ng & Lim, 2008:
42, fig. 32)
Encheloclarias Myers, in Herre & Myers, 1937
Encheloclarias Myers, in Herre & Myers, 1937: 66 (type
species: Heterobranchus tapeinopterus Bleeker, 1853b:
732, by original designation; authorship as indicated
p. 53). Gender masculine.
Encheloclarias baculum Ng & Lim, 1993
Encheloclarias baculum Ng & Lim, 1993: 27, fig. 5 (type
locality: probably Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Bar-
at: Sambas; holotype: BMNH 1863.12.11.162)
Encheloclarias curtisoma Ng & Lim, 1993
Encheloclarias curtisoma Ng & Lim, 1993: 32, figs. 9–11
(type locality: Malaysia: Selangor: north Selangor peat
swamp forest, stream at 39-km stone on road from Sungei
Besar to Tanjong Malim; holotype: ZRC 14886, Ng &
Lim, 2008: 43, fig. 33)
Encheloclarias kelioides Ng & Lim, 1993
Encheloclarias kelioides Ng & Lim, 1993: 30, figs. 7–8 (type
locality: Malaysia: Pahang: south of Pekan, 69-km stone
on road from Mersing to Pekan, near Kuantan; holotype:
ZRC 29401, Ng & Lim, 2008: 44, fig. 341)
Encheloclarias medialis Ng, 2012
Encheloclarias medialis Ng, 2012c: 112, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah, Mentaya
drainage, Pundu-Plantarang area, stream at km 142 on
Palangkaraya–Sampit road, 2°01'39.9"S 112°59'48.2"E;
holotype: MZB 10984)
Encheloclarias prolatus Ng & Lim, 1993
Encheloclarias prolatus Ng & Lim, 1993: 29, fig. 6 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Kuching; holotype:
SMK 5686)
Encheloclarias tapeinopterus (Bleeker, 1853)
Heterobranchus tapeinopterus Bleeker, 1853b: 732 (type
locality: Indonesia: Banka [Bangka]: Toboali Province;
holotype [124 mm TL]: RMNH 6806, Ng & Lim, 1993:
25, fig. 3)
Encheloclarias velatus Ng & Tan, 2000
Encheloclarias velatus Ng & Tan, 2000: 536, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi, Angso Duo Mar-
ket; holotype: MZB 9335)
Heteropneustes Müller, 1840
Heteropneustes Müller, 1840: 115 (type species: Silurus fos-
silis Bloch, 1794: 46, by monotypy; also in Müller, 1841:
243). Gender masculine.
Saccobranchus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
245
Silurus singio Hamilton, 1822: 147, 374, pl. 37 fig. 46 (type
locality: India: Ganges basin ["stagnorum et fossarum
luto", Hora, 1949: 66]; types: NT [specimens listed as
syntypes by Eschmeyer, 2011 unlikely to be types, needs
confirmation])
Silurus laticeps Swainson, 1838: 345, fig. 84 (type locality:
India [Swainson, 1839: 306, 393]; types: NT; also in
Swainson, 1839: 306, 393)
Silurus biserratus Swainson, 1839: 306, 393 (available by
indication to Hamilton, 1822: pl. 37 fig. 46 [Silurus sin-
gio]; type locality: India: Ganges basin ["stagnorum et
fossarum luto", Hora, 1949: 66]; holotype: model of
Hamilton's figure, lost)
Saccobranchus microps Günther, 1864a: 31 (type locality:
Sri Lanka [Dambuwa; Pethiyagoda & Bahir, 1998: 113];
syntypes: BMNH 1859.5.31.9–11 [3], Pethiyagoda &
Bahir, 1998: 113)
Saccobranchus microcephalus Günther, 1864a: 31 (type
locality: Sri Lanka; holotype: BMNH 1864.3.18.1, Fer-
raris, 2007: 151)
Silurus pungentispinus Hora, 1933: 133 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Heteropneustes kemratensis (Fowler, 1937)
Clarisilurus kemratensis Fowler, 1937: 133, figs. 5–7 (type
locality: Thailand: Kemrat [Kemarat]; holotype: ANSP
67880)
1840b [Nov.]: 399 (type species: Silurus singio Hamil-
ton, 1822: 147, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Clarisilurus Fowler, 1937: 133 (type species: Clarisilurus
kemratensis Fowler, 1937: 133, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. Heteropneustes and Saccobranchus
were both published in 1840. Volume 15 of Cuvier & Va-
lenciennes (1840b) appeared in November, 1840 (Sherborn,
1925: 600; Bailey, 1957a: 312). The date of publication of
Müller (1840) is not yet clear and formally it should be dat-
ed to 31 December 1840. But this work was read on 11
November and 9 December 1839 at meetings of the Acade-
my of Sciences in Berlin and, although supporting evidenc-
es are not yet available, considering the practices of that
time the paper was probably published in the beginning of
1840, and likely before Valenciennes's work, which appeared
close to the end of the year. Considering that the genus name
Heteropneustes is well established, it would not be appro-
priate to change usage as long as we do not know the exact
publication date of Müller (1840).
Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794)
Silurus fossilis Bloch, 1794: 46, pl. 370 fig. 2 (type locality:
India: Tranquebar [Tharangambadi, 11°01'37"N
79°51'E]; lectotype: ZMB 3074, designated by Paepke,
1999: 87, pl. 25 fig. 3)
Family ARIIDAE
Ariidae Bleeker, 1858
Ariodontes Bleeker, 1858j: v, 57 (type genus: Arius Valen-
ciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 53; -odontes
is suffix used by Bleeker for the phalanx level in 1858)
Hemipimelodinae Gill, 1861h: 46 (type genus: Hemipimelo-
dus Bleeker, 1857n: 473)
Arii Bleeker, 1862c: 7, 25 (not a new name; same as Ari-
odontes, stem ari- and suffix -i used by Bleeker for the
phalanx rank in 1862)
Batrachocephalinae Gill, 1893: 132 (type genus: Batra-
chocephalus Bleeker, 1846a: 16, 52)
Doiichthyidae Weber, 1913c: 532 (type genus: Doiichthys
Weber, 1913c: 532)
Bagreidae Schultz, 1944: 182 (type genus: Bagre Oken,
1817: 1782 [error for 1182], 1182a)
Ostegeneiosinae Fowler, 1951: 3 (type species: Osteogeneio-
sus Bleeker, 1846b: 146, 173; available when published,
but now not available under 1961, 1985 and 1999 edi-
tions of the Code art. 13.1, Ferraris & de Pinna, 1999: 2,
7; action by Ferraris & de Pinna also makes the name
unavailable under art. 13.2.1)
Taxonomic notes. See Kailola (2004) for phylogeny and
synopsis.
Species inquirendae
Silurus Ascita Linnaeus, 1758: 306 (type locality: India; syn-
types: NRM LP 72 [4], Fernholm & Wheeler, 1983: 222)
Arius argenteus Lütken, 1874: 211, abstr. p. 29 (type local-
ity: China: Canton; holotype: ZMUC 29624 [earlier 485],
Nielsen, 1974: 49, Ferraris, 2007: 56)
Species incertae sedis
Arius subrostratus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1840
Arius subrostratus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 62 (type locality: India: Malabar; holotype:
MNHN 1190, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 5)
Arius Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840
Arius Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 53
(type species: Pimelodus arius Hamilton, 1822: 170, by
absolute tautonymy, Wheeler & Baddokwaya, 1981:
769). Gender masculine.
Ariodes Müller & Troschel, 1849: 6, 9 (subgenus of Bagrus
Bosc, 1816: 147; type species: Bagrus arenarius Müller
& Troschel, 1849: 9, by subsequent designation by Blee-
ker, 1862c: 8). Gender masculine.
Pseudarius Bleeker, 1862c: 8, 1863a: 35 (type species:
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
246
Pimelodus arius Hamilton, 1822: 170, by original des-
ignation; objective junior synonym of Arius Valencien-
nes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 53). Gender mas-
culine.
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy partly follows Kailola (1990: 4).
Arius acutirostris Day, 1877
Arius acutirostris Day, 1877a: 459, pl. 107 fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Burma: Salween River at Moulmein; types: among
ZSI 454, 500, A.569 [13], BMNH 1870.6.14.34 [1],
NMW 44358, 48327 [1], RMNH 2735, Whitehead &
Talwar, 1976: 158, Ferraris, 2007: 31)
Arius arenarius (Müller & Troschel, 1849)
Bagrus arenarius Müller & Troschel, 1849: 9 (type locali-
ty: China; syntypes: ZMB 3001 [1], Kailola, 2004: 156)
Arius fangi Chaux, in Chaux & Fang, 1949a: 194, fig. 1
(type locality: Vietnam: Tonkin; holotype: MNHN 1966-
0726, Kottelat, 2001a: 56)
Arius arius (Hamilton, 1822)
Pimelodus arius Hamilton, 1822: 170, 376 (type locality:
India: estuaries of Bengal; types: NT)
Arius falcarius Richardson, 1845b: 134, pl. 62 figs. 7–9 (type
locality: China: Canton; syntypes [2]: BMNH
2005.9.12.1 [1], 2005.9.12.2 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 34, and
specimen on which is based Reeves unpublished draw-
ing, Whitehead, 1970a: 210)
Bagrus crinalis Richardson, 1846a: 282 (type locality: Chi-
na: Canton; holotype: specimen on which is based Reeves
unpublished drawing, reproduced in Whitehead, 1970a:
210, pl. 19c)
Pimelodus mong Richardson, 1846a: 286 (type locality:
China: Canton; holotype: specimen on which is based
Reeves unpublished drawing, reproduced in Whitehead,
1970a: 210, pl. 20b)
Arius cochinchinensis Günther, 1864a: 170, figs. (type lo-
cality: Vietnam: Cochinchina [southern Vietnam]; holo-
type: BMNH)
Arius Boakeii Turner, 1867: 82 (type locality: Sri Lanka:
Caltura; syntypes [3]: BMNH 1866.7.11.1 [1], ? NMSZ
1987.030 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 34)
? Arius buchanani Day, 1877a: 463, pl. 105 fig. 6 (type lo-
cality: India: Hooghly River at Calcutta / Burma: Ir-
rawaddy; syntypes: ZSI 456 [1], 1302 [1, lost], White-
head & Talwar, 1976: 158, and material on which is based
Pimelodus arius Hamilton, 1822: 170)
Arius dispar Herre, 1926
Arius dispar Herre, 1926b: 405, pl. 1 fig. 6 (type locality:
Philippines: Luzon: Pacomarket, Manila; holotype: BSM,
lost)
Arius gagora (Hamilton, 1822)
Pimelodus gagora Hamilton, 1822: 167, 376, pl. 10 fig. 54
(type locality: India: estuaries of Bengal; types: NT)
? Arius macracanthus Günther, 1864a: 167, 2 figs. (type
locality: Thailand; holotype: BMNH 1862.11.1.222, Fer-
raris, 2007: 36)
? Arius jella Day, 1877a: 467, pl. 106 fig. 3 (type locality:
India: Coromandel Coast / Madras; syntypes: ZSI 1304
[1], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 158)
Arius jatius (Hamilton, 1822)
Pimelodus jatius Hamilton, 1822: 171, 376 (type locality:
India: estuaries of Bengal; types: NT; jatius is a noun in
apposition, indeclinable)
Arius leptonotacanthus Bleeker, 1849
Arius leptonotacanthus Bleeker, 1849e: 11 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Madura Strait near Kammal and Sura-
baya; holotype [211 mm TL, Bleeker, 1858j: 106]:
BMNH 1863.12.4.114 [1])
Arius maculatus (Thunberg, 1792)
Silurus maculatus Thunberg, 1792: 31, pl. 1 fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: China, Japan; types: LU)
Silurus ocellatus Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 379 (unneces-
sary replacement name for Silurus maculatus Thunberg,
1792: 31)
Silurus thunberg La Cepède, 1803: 691, 692 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Silurus maculatus Thunberg, 1792: 31)
Bagrus gagorides Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 441 (type locality: India: Bengal: Ganges; holo-
type: MNHN A.9330, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 3)
Arius sinensis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 72 (type locality: "Touraine" [Vietnam: Da Nang,
earlier Tourane; not Touraine in France]; holotype:
MNHN; secondary junior homonym of Tachysurus sin-
ensis La Cepède, 1803: 151 when both are placed in
Tachysurus or Arius)
Arius gagoroides Bleeker, 1846a: 42 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: ? SMNS 10567
[2], Fricke, 1991: 8; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 168)
Arius Heckelii Bleeker, 1846a: 42 (type locality: Indonesia:
Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in Bleeker,
1846b: 169)
Arius pidada Bleeker, 1846a: 43 (type locality: Indonesia:
Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: ? AMS B.7965 [1], ?
BMNH 1863.12.4.57 [1], NMV 45948 [1], Ferraris,
2007: 55; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 169; potential synty-
pes also include material of Arius utik Bleeker, 1846a,
Kailola, 2004: 127; a lectotype is needed to fix the iden-
tity of this nominal species)
Arius angulatus Bleeker, 1846a: 44 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in Bleeker,
1846b: 170)
Arius chondropterygioides Bleeker, 1846a: 44 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in
Bleeker, 1846b: 170)
Arius viviparus Bleeker, 1846a: 45 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in Bleeker,
1846b: 171)
Arius borneënsis Bleeker, 1851j: 67 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; synty-
pes [2, 101–170 mm TL]: LU)
Hemipimelodus bicolor Fowler, 1935a: 100, fig. 23 (type
locality: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 60777,
Böhlke, 1984: 22)
Hemipimelodus atripinnis Fowler, 1937: 145, fig. 34 (type
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
247
locality: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 67906,
Böhlke, 1984: 22)
Arius manillensis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1840
Arius Manillensis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 93 (type locality: Philippines: Manila; holotype:
MNHN 1209)
Pseudarius philippinus Sauvage, 1880c: 226 (type locality:
Philippines: Luzon ["L. Laglaize" in original descrip-
tion is the collector's name not "Lake Laglaize" as listed
by Eschmeyer, 2011]; holotype: MNHN A.2615, Bertin
& Estève, 1950a: 8)
Arius microcephalus Bleeker, 1855
Arius microcephalus Bleeker, 1855l: 423 (type locality: In-
donesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; syn-
types [2, 140–213 mm TL]: RMNH 6902 [1], BMNH
1863.12.4.149 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 35)
Arius sciurus Smith, 1931a: 30 (type locality: Thailand: Tapi
River near Bandon [Surat Thani]; holotype: USNM
90310)
Arius sumatranus (Bennett, 1830)
Bagrus Sumatranus Bennett, 1830: 691 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra; syntypes: BMNH 1855.12.26.485 [1],
Ferraris, 2007: 36; not anonymous, see pp. xi, 629)
Arius utik Bleeker, 1846
Arius utik Bleeker, 1846a: 40 (type locality: Indonesia: Java:
Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: ? BMNH 1863.12.4.111 [1],
? NMV 45987 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 35)
Arius oetik Bleeker, 1846b: 166 (incorrect subsequent spell-
ing of Arius utik Bleeker, 1846a: 40)
Arius venosus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840
Arius venosus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 69 (type locality: Burma: Rangoon / Philippines:
Manila; syntypes: MNHN 1205 [1 of 2], Bertin & Es-
tève, 1950a: 6, and specimen on which is based drawing
by Mertens)
Arius micronotacanthus Bleeker, 1846a: 36 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in
Bleeker, 1846b: 162)
Arius manjong Bleeker, 1846a: 36 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in Bleeker,
1846b: 163)
Arius macruropterygius Bleeker, 1846a: 37 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in
Bleeker, 1846b: 164)
Arius micruropterygius Bleeker, 1846a: 38 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in
Bleeker, 1846b: 164)
Arius laeviceps Bleeker, 1846a: 38 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in Bleeker,
1846b: 165)
Batrachocephalus Bleeker, 1846
Batrachocephalus Bleeker, 1846a: 16, 52 (type species:
Batrachocephalus ageneiosus Bleeker, 1846a: 52, by
monotypy; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 147, 176). Gender
masculine.
Batrachocephalus mino (Hamilton, 1822)
Ageneiosus mino Hamilton, 1822: 159, 375 (type locality:
India: "upper part of the estuaries [of the Ganges] [...]
where the water possesses little or no saltness" [Sundar-
bon; Hora, 1949: 67]; types: NT)
Batrachocephalus ageneiosus Bleeker, 1846a: 52 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype: LU
[based on a single specimen, see Bleeker, 1858j: 117];
also in Bleeker, 1846b: 176)
Batrachocephalus micropogon Bleeker, 1858j: 68, 118 (un-
necessary replacement name for Batrachocephalus age-
neiosus Bleeker, 1846a: 52 [see p. 117])
Cephalocassis Bleeker, 1857
Cephalocassis Bleeker, 1857n: 473 (type species: Arius
melanochir Bleeker, 1852r: 590, by subsequent desig-
nation by Bleeker, 1862c: 7). Gender feminine.
Hemipimelodus Bleeker, 1857n: 473 (type species: Pimelo-
dus borneensis Bleeker, 1851p: 430, by monotypy; si-
multaneous subjective synonym of Cephalocassis Blee-
ker, 1857n: 473, first reviser [apparently Kailola, 2004:
132, not Marceniuk & Menezes, 2007: 47] gave prece-
dence to Cephalocassis). Gender masculine.
Species inquirendae
Pimelodus manillensis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1840b: 192 (type locality: Philippines: Manila;
holotype: MNHN 1209, Desoutter, 1977: 16)
Hemipimelodus sundanensis Hardenberg, 1948: 411 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Kota Agung (Sunda Strait);
syntypes [2]: LU, probably lost)
Cephalocassis borneensis (Bleeker, 1851)
Pimelodus borneënsis Bleeker, 1851p: 430 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sambas; holotype
[110 mm TL]: RMNH 6906, Desoutter, 1977: 21)
Hemipimelodus macrocephalus Bleeker, 1858j: 239 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Ban-
jarmasin; syntypes [3, 125–140]: RMNH 27618 [1],
BMNH 1863.12.4.116 [1], Desoutter, 1977: 21, Ferraris,
2007: 41)
Hemipimelodus siamensis Sauvage, 1878b: 234 (type lo-
cality: "Laos siamois" [Isarn, the northeastern part of
Thailand]; holotype: MNHN 9649, Kottelat, 1984a: 816)
? Hemipimelodus intermedius Vinciguerra, 1880: 17, figs. 8
(type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak; syntypes:
MCSNG 15429 [2], Tortonese, 1963a: 308)
Nomenclatural notes. Specimen MCSNG 8024 received
from RMNH and listed as syntype of Pimelodus borneensis
by Tortonese (1963: 308) cannot be a syntype as the species
was originally described on the basis of a single specimen
(RMNH 6906).
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
248
Cephalocassis melanochir (Bleeke, 1852)
Arius melanochir Bleeker, 1852r: 590 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [302 mm TL]:
RMNH 6892, Ferraris, 2007: 41)
? Arius doriae Vinciguerra, 1880: 174, fig. (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak; syntypes [3]: MCSNG 8135
[2], RMNH 10889 [1], Tortonese, 1963a: 306, Ng, in
Kailola, 2004: 133)
Cochlefelis Whitley, 1940
Cochlefelis Whitley, 1941a: 8 (type species: Arius spatula
Ramsay & Douglas-Ogilby, 1886c: 15, by original des-
ignation). Gender feminine.
Cochlefelis burmanica (Day, 1870)
Arius burmanicus Day, 1870c: 618 (type locality: Burma:
Irrawaddi, Bassein District and Salween in Tenasserim
provinces; syntypes: among ZSI 456, A.568 [8], B.292
[lost], BMNH 1870.6.14.43–44 [2], AMS B.7520 [1],
RMNH 8787, ZMB 2754, Whitehead & Talwar, 1976:
158, Ferraris et al., 2000: 295)
Cryptarius Kailola, 2004
Cryptarius Kailola, 2004: 134 (type species: Arius trunca-
tus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 64,
by original designation). Gender masculine.
Cryptarius daugueti (Chevey, 1932)
Hemipimelodus Daugueti Chevey, 1932b: 41, pl. 13 (type
locality: Cambodia: Phnom Penh and Snoc Trou; synty-
pes: ION, lost, Desoutter, 1977: 15 [key implies at least
2 specimens, 3 localities mentioned])
Cryptarius truncatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1840)
Arius truncatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 64 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype:
MNHN B.590, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 5)
Hemipimelodus cochlearis Fowler, 1935a: 101, fig. 25 (type
locality: Thailand: Paknam; holotype: ANSP 60767,
Böhlke, 1984: 22)
Hemiarius Bleeker, 1862
Hemiarius Bleeker, 1862c: 7, 29 (type species: Cephalo-
cassis stormii Bleeker, 1858j: 246, by original designa-
tion). Gender masculine.
Notarius Gill, 1863b: 171 (type species: Arius grandicassis
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 54,
pl. 427, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Hemiarius harmandi Sauvage, 1880
Hemiarius Harmandi Sauvage, 1880d: 230 (type locality:
Vietnam: Phu-Quoc Island, Gulf of Thailand; holotype:
MNHN A.2390, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 15)
? Arius brevirostris Steindachner, 1901: 447 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River; holotype:
SMF)
Hemiarius sona (Hamilton, 1822)
Pimelodus sona Hamilton, 1822: 172, 376 (type locality:
India: estuaries of Bengal; types: NT; Hamilton's unpub-
lished figure reproduced in Hora, 1929a: pl. 19 fig. 7)
? Bagrus trachipomus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1840a: 443 (type locality: India: Bengal; holo-
type: MNHN A.9346, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 4)
? Hexanematichthys leptocassis Bleeker, 1861g: 65 (type
locality: Malaysia: Pinang [Penang]; syntypes [350–360
mm TL]: not preserved)
Hemiarius stormii (Bleeker, 1858)
Cephalocassis Stormii Bleeker, 1858j: 246 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Musi River in Palembang; synty-
pes [2, 415–520 mm TL]: ? RMNH 6893 [1], Eschmey-
er, 2011, not BMNH 1863.12.4.65, which is too small
[315 mm TL, Ferraris, 2007: 45])
Hemiarius verrucosus (Ng, 2003)
Arius verrucosus Ng, 2003f: 3, fig. 1 (type locality: Laos:
Champasak Province: Mekong River at Ban Hang
Khone, just downstream from Khone Falls; holotype:
UMMZ 235408)
Hexanematichthys Bleeker, 1858
Hexanematichthys Bleeker, 1858g: 416 (type species:
Bagrus sondaicus Valenciennes, 1840a: 444, by mono-
typy; also in Bleeker, 1858j: 126, 1858o: 2). Gender
masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Treated as a synonym of Sciades by
Marceniuk & Menezes (2007: 102).
[Sciades Müller & Troschel, 1849: 6 (subgenus of Bagrus Bosc, 1816:
147; type species: Bagrus emphysetus Müller & Troschel, 1849: 8, by
subsequent designation by Bleeker, 1862c: 8). Gender masculine].
Hexanematichthys sagor (Hamilton, 1822)
Pimelodus sagor Hamilton, 1822: 169, 376 (type locality:
India: estuaries of Bengal; types: NT)
Bagrus Sondaicus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 444 (type locality: Strait of Sunda; holotype:
MNHN B.604, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 4)
? Bagrus Javensis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 445 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype:
MNHN)
Bagrus doroides Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 447, pl. 418 (type locality: India: Pondicherry /
Bengal: mouth of Ganges; syntypes [2]: MNHN A.8668
[1], A.9349 [1], Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 4)
Hexanematichthys sundaicus Bleeker, 1858o: 2 (unjustified
emendation of Bagrus sondaicus Valenciennes, in Cu-
vier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 444)
Ketengus Bleeker, 1846
Ketengus Bleeker, 1846d: 9 (type species: Ketengus typus
Bleeker, 1846d: 9, by original designation [use of
typus]; also in Bleeker, 1847d: 167). Gender masculine.
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
249
Ketengus typus Bleeker, 1846
Ketengus typus Bleeker, 1846d: 9 (type locality: Indonesia:
Java: Madura Strait; syntypes: BMNH 1863.12.4.112 [1];
also in Bleeker, 1847d: 167)
Pimelodus pectinidens Cantor, 1849: 1243 (type locality:
Malaysia: freshwater, Pinang; holotype: BMNH
1860.3.19.499, Ferraris, 2007: 46)
Nemapteryx Ogilby, 1908
Nemapteryx Ogilby, 1908b: 3, 10 (type species: Arius stir-
lingi Ogilby, 1898d: 281, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Nemapteryx bleekeri (Popta, 1900)
Arius Bleekeri Popta, 1900: 71 (type locality: not stated,
possibly Indonesia; syntypes: RMNH 6825 [4])
Nemapteryx macronotacantha (Bleeker, 1846)
Arius macronotacanthus Bleeker, 1846a: 32 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype [290 mm
TL; see Bleeker, 1858j: 108]: RMNH 6901 [1] or
? BMNH 1863.12.4.59, Ferraris, 2007: 47; also in Blee-
ker, 1846b: 159)
? Arius parvipinnis Day, 1877a: 460 (type locality: India:
Coromandel coast; types: LU; not pl. 113 fig. 1, which
is A. macronotacanthus)
Nemapteryx nenga (Hamilton, 1822)
Pimelodus nenga Hamilton, 1822: 171, 376 (type locality:
India: Ganges River; types: NT)
Bagrus arioides Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 440 (type locality: India: Bengal; holotype:
MNHN)
Arius caelatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 66 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakar-
ta] / India: Bombay; syntypes: MNHN B.589 [1], B.614
[2], Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 5)
Arius aequibarbis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 68 (type locality: Burma: Rangoon / India: Ben-
gal; syntypes [2]: MNHN 1200 [1 of 2], B.682 [1], Ber-
tin & Estève, 1950a: 5)
Arius granosus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 69 (type locality: India: Pondicherry; holotype:
MNHN B.681, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 6)
Arius caelatoides Bleeker, 1846a: 32 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in Blee-
ker, 1846b: 159)
Arius microgastropterygius Bleeker, 1846a: 33 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also
in Bleeker, 1846b: 160)
Arius clijpeaster Bleeker, 1846a: 34 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in Bleeker,
1846b: 161)
Arius clypeastroides Bleeker, 1846a: 34 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in Blee-
ker, 1846b: 161)
Arius chondropterygius Bleeker, 1846a: 35 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in
Bleeker, 1846b: 162)
Arius melanopterygius Bleeker, 1849e: 10 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Madura Strait near Kammal and Sura-
baya; holotype ? [301 mm TL]: LU)
Netuma Bleeker, 1858
Catastoma Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b:
60 (not available, name listed in synonymy)
Netuma Bleeker, 1858g: 415 (type species: Arius nasutus
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 60, by
monotypy; also in Bleeker, 1858j: 93). Gender feminine.
Sarcogenys Bleeker, 1858j: 96 (not available, name listed
in synonymy)
Pararius Whitley, 1940b: 409 (subgenus of Tachysurus La
Cepède, 1803: 150; type species: Arius proximus Ogil-
by, 1898d: 280, by original designation). Gender mas-
culine.
Distribution notes. Records of Netuma thalassina from
inland waters seem erroneous.
Nomenclatural notes. The type species of Netuma is Arius
nasutus by monotypy, not Bagrus netuma by tautonymy
(contra Eschmeyer, 2011, Ferraris, 2007: 49).
[Bagrus thalassinus Rüppell, 1837: 75, pl. 20 fig. 2 (type locality: Eritrea:
Massaua [Massawa]; syntypes: SMF 544 [1], 5414 [1], 2627 [1], 5740
[1], Kailola, 1986: 546, Ferraris, 2007: 49)].
[Bagrus netuma Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 438, pl.
417 (type locality: India: Pondicherry; holotype: MNHN 9345, Kailola,
1986: 546)].
[Arius nasutus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 60 (type
locality: Indonesia: Java / India: Malabar Coast / Red Sea; syntypes:
MNHN A.9407 [1], A.9408 [1], A.9409 [1], Bertin & Estève, 1950a:
4, and specimen on which Kuhl & van Hasselt's unpublished figure is
based, possibly RMNH D.2390, Ferraris, 2007: 49)].
Netuma bilineata (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1840)
Bagrus bilineatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 434 (type locality: India: Pondicherry and Viza-
gapatham [Visakhapatnam] / Burma: Rangoon; synty-
pes: MNHN A.9344 [1, Pondicherry], Kailola, 1986: 546
and material on which is based Russell, 1803b: 54,
pl. 169 [Deddi Jellah])
Bagrus rhodonotus Bleeker, 1846a: 29 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: RMNH 15865 [5], SMNS
10568 [1], Fricke, 1991: 8; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 157)
Arius andamanensis Day, 1871c: 699 (in part; type locality:
India: Andaman Islands; syntypes: possibly ZSI 1307
[1, N. thalassinus], Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 158,
AMS B.7931 [1, Netuma bilineatus], Kailola, 1986: 546,
Ferraris et al., 2000: 294; type series includes two spe-
cies, a lectotype designation is needed)
Netuma osakae Jordan & Kasawa, in Jordan & Hubbs, 1925:
157, pl. 9 fig. 1 (type locality: Japan: Osaka market; holo-
type:
FMNH 59388 [ex CM 7808], Kailola, 1986: 546)
Arius dayi Dmitrenko, 1974: 39, figs. 1a, 2 (type locality:
Oman: Masir Strait, 19°47'08"N 58°28'03"E; holotype:
ZMUAS TNPMAN Pi 2/1–2)
Distribution notes. In estuaries but probably not in fresh-
water, see Kailola (1986: 540).
Netuma proxima (Ogilby, 1898)
Arius proximus Ogilby, 1898d: 280 (type locality: Austra-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
250
lia: Northern Territory: Port Darwin; holotype: AMS
I.25691-001 [ex MAMU F.1174], Eschmeyer, 2011)
Arius arafurensis Hardenberg, 1948: 409, fig. (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Aru Islands: Dobo market; holotype: LU,
probably lost)
Osteogeneiosus Bleeker, 1846
Osteogeneiosus Bleeker, 1846b: 146, 173 (type species: Si-
lurus militaris Linnaeus, 1758: 305, by subsequent des-
ignation by Bleeker, 1862c: 8). Gender masculine.
Osteogeniosus Günther, 1864a: 181 (unjustified emenda-
tion of Osteogeneiosus Bleeker, 1846b: 146, 173). Gen-
der masculine.
Osteogeneiosus militaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Silurus militaris Linnaeus, 1758: 305 (type locality: 'Asia';
types: NT)
Osteogeneiosus macrocephalus Bleeker, 1846a: 49 (type
locality: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: ?
BMNH 1863.12.4.51 [1], ? NMV 45847 [1], Ferraris,
2007: 51; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 173)
Osteogeneiosus longiceps Bleeker, 1846a: 50 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in
Bleeker, 1846b: 174)
Osteogeneiosus ingluvies Bleeker, 1846a: 50 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in
Bleeker, 1846b: 174)
Osteogeneiosus gracilis Bleeker, 1846a: 51 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in
Bleeker, 1846b: 175)
Osteogeneiosus Blochii Bleeker, 1846a: 51 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU; also in
Bleeker, 1846b: 175)
Osteogeneiosus Valenciennesi Bleeker, 1846a: 51 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: ?
BMNH 1863.12.4.53 [1], ? NMV 46593 [1], 46594 [1],
Ferraris, 2007: 51; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 175)
Osteogeneiosus Cantoris Bleeker, 1853o: 120, pl. 2 fig. 4
(type locality: India: Hooghly River at Calcutta; synty-
pes [2, 198–225 mm TL]: RMNH 6907 [1], Ferraris,
2007: 51)
Osteogeniosus sthenocephalus Day, 1877a: 469, pl. 108
fig. 3 (type locality: Burma: Moulmein; holotype: ZSI
1263, Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 158)
Plicofollis Kailola, 2004
Plicofollis Kailola, 2004: 141 (type species: Arius argy-
ropleuron Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 104, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Plicofollis argyropleuron (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Va-
lenciennes, 1840)
Arius argyropleuron Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1840b: 104 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holo-
type: RMNH 3041, Ferraris, 2007: 51)
Arius acutus Bleeker, 1846a: 41 (type locality: Indonesia:
Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: RMNH 15975 [2],
SMNS 10566 [4], ? BMNH 1863.12.4.67 [1], Fricke,
1991: 7, Ferraris, 2007: 51; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 167)
Arius macrocephalus Bleeker, 1846a: 40 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes [2, 370–401
mm TL]: RMNH 6896 [1], BMNH 1863.12.4.78 [1],
Ferraris, 2007: 51; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 167)
Arius Hamiltonis Bleeker, 1846a: 47 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: ? part of RMNH
6895 [12], Ferraris, 2007: 51; also in Bleeker, 1846c: 291)
Arius Schlegeli Bleeker, 1863o: 146 (type locality: China:
Amoy; syntypes [2, 206–266 mm TL]: RMNH, ? AMS
B.8123 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 56)
Tachysurus broadbenti Ogilby, 1908a: 8 (type locality: Aus-
tralia: Queensland: Cape York; syntypes [3]: QM I.9745
[1], I.9746 [1], Paxton et al., 1989: 220)
Hemipimelodus colcloughi Ogilby, 1910a: 7 (type locality:
Australia: Northern Territory: Crocker Island; holotype:
QM I.1538, Paxton et al., 1989: 218)
Plicofollis dussumieri (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1840)
Arius Dussumieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 84 (type locality: India: Malabar Coast; holotype:
MNHN A.9401, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 6)
? Arius Belangerii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 71 (type locality: India: Bombay; holotype:
MNHN)
Arius goniaspis Bleeker, 1857a: 44 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Sumatra: Priaman; syntypes [2, 100–113 mm TL]:
BMNH 1863.12.4.159 [1])
Arius kirkii Günther, 1864a: 163, fig. (type locality: [Zam-
bia ?:] Zambezi River, Shupanga; holotype: BMNH
1864.1.9.54, Ferraris, 2007: 52)
Plicofollis layardi (Günther, 1866)
Arius Layardi Günther, 1866b: 474, pl. 15 (type locality:
Sri Lanka; holotype: BMNH 1866.7.13.13, Ferraris,
2007: 52)
Arius tenuispinis Day, 1877: 466, pl. 107 fig. 5 (type local-
ity: India: Bombay; holotype: ZSI F482, Whitehead &
Talwar, 1976: 152)
Arius satparanus Chaudhuri, 1916a: 430, figs. 6–8 (type
locality: India: Orissa: Chilka Lake, channel between
Satpara and Barnikuda; holotype: ZSI F 8784/1, Me-
non & Yazdani, 1968: 125)
Taxonomic notes. Validity and synonymy follow Kailola
(2004: 142).
Plicofollis magatensis (Herre, 1926)
Arius magatensis Herre, 1926b: 396, pl. 1 fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Philippines: Luzon: Magat River at Bagabag / Ca-
gayan River and larger tributaries in upper Cagayan Val-
ley; syntypes: BSM, lost)
Plicofollis nella (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1840)
Pimelodus nella Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840b: 162 (based on Russell, 1803b: n° 170; type lo-
cality: India: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype:
specimen on which is based Russell, 1803b: 55, pl. 170
[Nalla Jellah])
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
251
Family SCHILBEIDAE
some pages are numbered 1779–1782, instead of 1179–1182.
There is also an unnumbered page between pages 1782 and
1183. It is indicated here as 1182a. The indication making
the name Schilbe available is on p. 1182a because it is the
reference to the sequence of names mentioned by Cuvier
(1816a: 202). The mention on p. 1782 is not an indication.
Bleeker (1858j: 49) established the name Ailichtoidei at
the subfamily rank and Schilbeini at a lower rank (phalanx),
and Ailichthoidei (Ailiidae) would have precedence over
Schilbeini (Schilbeidae), under Code art. 24.1. But, as Schil-
beidae is in prevailing use at the family rank and Ailiidae in
occasional use at the subfamily rank, Schilbeidae has pre-
cedence under Code art. 35.5 [in which precedence under
art. 24.1 is understood as equivalent to 'older' in art. 35.5]).
[Schilbe Oken, 1817: 1182a (based on "les schilbé" of Cuvier, 1816a: 202;
type species: Silurus mystus Linnaeus, 1758: 305, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine].
[Horabagrus Jayaram, 1955: 261 (type species: Pseudobagrus brachyso-
ma Günther, 1864: 86, by original designation). Gender masculine].
Clupisoma Swainson, 1838
Clupisoma Swainson, 1838: 347, 351, 354 (subgenus of Si-
lurus Linnaeus, 1758: 304; type species: Silurus garua
Hamilton, 1822: 156, by original designation). Gender
neuter.
Schilbeichthys Bleeker, 1858j: 255, 256 (unnecessary re-
placement name for Clupisoma Swainson, 1838: 347).
Gender masculine.
Clupisoma longianale (Huang, 1981)
Platytropius longianalis Huang, 1981: 438, fig. 5 (type lo-
cality: China: Yunnan: Simao Prefecture: Puer County:
Tongxing township, a tributary of Pu-Er River at
Xiaoganlanba [Mekong basin] [Chen et al., 2005: 570];
holotype: KIZ 735118)
Schilbeidae Bleeker, 1858
Ailichthoidei Bleeker, 1858j: 49, 248 (type genus: Ailia Gray,
1830: vol. 1: pl. 85 fig. 2; proposed as subfamily rank
and has precedence over Schilbeini Bleeker, 1858j: 49
proposed at a lower rank (phalanx), Code art. 24.1, but
precedence reversed under Code art. 35.5)
Schilbeini Bleeker, 1858j: 49, 250, 256 (type genus: Schilbe
Oken, 1817: 1182a)
Siluranodontinae Regan, 1911e: 568 (type genus: Siluran-
odon Bleeker, 1858j: 253, 255, 256)
Horabagrinae Jayaram, 2006: 141 (type genus: Horabagrus
Jayaram, 1955: 261)
Taxonomic notes. Systematics at genus level follows Vid-
thayanon & Roongthongbaisuree (1993). Morphological
(Mo, 1991: 195) and molecular data (Hardman, 2005; Sul-
livan et al., 2008) indicate that Schilbeidae as traditionally
understood is polyphyletic and that some of the Asian spe-
cies they analysed are closely related to Horabagrus and
may justify placement in a separate family for which the
name Horabagridae Jayaram (2006: 141) is available. The
African species they examined constitute a distinct lineage.
Their taxonomic sampling, however, is limited and without
inclusion of a greater number of genera and species in such
an analysis it is premature to formally transfer all Asian Schil-
beidae to Horabagridae.
Nomenclatural notes. Schilbeidae is formed on Schilbe
Oken, 1817: 1182a, a transcription or mistranscription of the
Egyptian name of the type species (schilbe). As the name is
not formed on a Latin or Greek word, it takes the stem used by
the
author of the family-group name (Bleeker, 1858j: 49). This
stem is Schilbe and the family name is Schilbeidae (Code
art. 29.3.3). Schilbidae is an incorrect subsequent spelling.
There is a problem with the numbering of the pages in
Oken (1817). The whole paper has pages 1145–1184, but
Arius leiotetocephalus Bleeker, 1846a: 48 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: RMNH
16011 [5], 5277 [1], SMNS 817et [2, lost], Fricke, 1991:
8, Ferraris, 2007: 52; also in Bleeker, 1846c: 292)
Bagrus Meyenii Müller & Troschel, 1849: 9 (type locality:
not stated; holotype: ZMB 3002, Ferraris, 2007: 52)
Ariodes leiocephalus Bleeker, 1858j: 88 (unjustified emen-
dation of Arius leiotetocephalus Bleeker, 1846a: 48)
Plicofollis polystaphilodon (Bleeker, 1846)
Arius polystaphylodon Bleeker, 1846a: 46 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype: ? BMNH
1863.12.4.98 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 52; also in Bleeker,
1846b: 172)
Nomenclatural notes. Bleeker (1846a: 46) described A.
polystaphilodon from Batavia without stating the number
of specimens on which it is based. Later (Bleeker, 1858j:
91) he mentioned having seen only 2 specimens, one from
Batavia and the other from Priaman; therefore the original
description was based on a single specimen. The size of the
2 specimens was 150 and 160 mm TL. The 121 mm SL spec-
imen (BMNH 1863.12.4.98; Ferraris, 2002: 52) could be
the holotype or the Priaman specimen.
Plicofollis tonggol (Bleeker, 1846)
Arius tonggol Bleeker, 1846a: 48 (type locality: Indonesia:
Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: part of RMNH 6894
[3], BMNH 1863.12.4.56 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 52; also in
Bleeker, 1846c: 292)
Arius crossocheilos Bleeker, 1846a: 46 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: part of RMNH
6894 [3], Ferraris, 2007: 52; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 172;
simultaneous subjective synonym of Arius tonggol Blee-
ker, 1846a: 48, first reviser [Bleeker, 1858j: 68, 84] gave
precedence to A. tonggol)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
252
Clupisoma prateri Hora, 1937
Clupisoma prateri Hora, 1937c: 671, figs. 2b, 3b, 6 (type
locality: Burma: Irrawaddy; holotype: ZSI "Duplicate
catalogue" 219, Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 131)
Clupisoma roosae Ferraris, 2004
Clupisoma roosae Ferraris, 2004: 2, fig. 1 (type locality:
Myanmar: Kachin State: Myitkyina market; holotype:
NRM 40030)
Clupisoma sinense (Huang, 1981)
Platytropius sinensis Huang, 1981: 437, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: China: Yunnan: Simao Prefecture: Puer County:
Tongxing township, a tributary of Pu-Er River at
Xiaoganlanba [Mekong basin] [Chen et al., 2005: 570];
holotype: KIZ 735124)
Clupisoma yunnanense (He, Huang & Li, 1995)
Platytropius yunnanensis He, Huang & Li, 1995: 281, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Yunnan: Nujiang [Salween] drain-
age: Baoshan County: Daojie; holotype: YU 8040066)
Clupisoma nujiangense Chen, Ferraris & Yang, 2005: 566,
fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Longling County:
Baoshan City, Mengnuo township, Sanjiangkou, Nu
Jiang River [Salween], 24°25'18.6"N 98°58'21.2"E; ho-
lotype: KIZ 200310118)
Eutropiichthys Bleeker, 1862
Eutropiichthys Bleeker, 1862b: 398 (type species: Pimelo-
dus vacha Hamilton, 1822: 196, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Distribution notes. Records of E. vacha from Myanmar
and Thailand refer to E. britzi, E. burmannicus and E. sal-
weenensis (see Ferraris & Vari, 2007: 871).
[Pimelodus vacha Hamilton, 1822: 196, 378, pl. 19 fig. 64 (type locality:
India: "all larger fresh water rivers of the Gangetic provinces"; types:
NT)].
Eutropiichthys britzi Ferraris & Vari, 2007
Eutropiichthys britzi Ferraris & Vari, 2007: 867, fig. 2 (type
locality: Myanmar: Kachin State: Irrawaddy River at
Myitkyina, obtained at Myitkyina Market, approximately
25°26'N 97°26'E; holotype: USNM 344657)
Eutropiichthys burmannicus Day, 1877
Eutropiichthys Burmannicus Day, 1877a: 490 (type locali-
ty: Burma; lectotype: specimen described and illustrat-
ed in Hora (1937e: 438, fig. 1b) as "Dup. Cat. No. 39",
designated by Ferraris & Vari, 2007: 875, probably ZSI
B.39 in Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 157)
Eutropiichthys salweenensis Ferraris & Vari, 2007
Eutropiichthys salweenensis Ferraris & Vari, 2007: 878,
fig. 8 (type locality: Thailand: Mae Hong Son Province:
Salween River, 20 km upriver from Mae Sam Lap [Mae
Sam Leap]; holotype: CAS 76261)
Laides Jordan, 1919
Laïs Bleeker, 1857n: 473 (type species: Pangasius hexane-
ma Bleeker, 1852r: 588, by monotypy; junior homonym
of Lais Gistel, 1848: viii in Tunicata; also in Bleeker,
1858j: 170). Gender masculine [lais is a Malay word,
not a Greek word and Code art. 30.2.4 applies].
Laides Jordan, 1919b: 293 (replacement name for Lais Blee-
ker, 1857n: 473). Gender masculine.
Laides hexanema (Bleeker, 1852)
Pangasius hexanema Bleeker, 1852r: 588 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang / Java: Batavia [Jakar-
t
a]; syntypes [2, 102–152 mm TL]: ? BMNH
1863.12.4.1007 [1], ? NMV A928 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 358)
Laides longibarbis (Fowler, 1934)
Pangasius longibarbis Fowler, 1934a: 87, fig. 27 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Mekong at Chiang
Sen; holotype: ANSP 59441, Böhlke, 1984: 136, Ng,
1999d: 382)
Pachypterus Swainson, 1838
Pachypterus Swainson, 1838: 346 (type species: Silurus
atherinoides Bloch, 1794: 48, by subsequent designa-
tion by Swain, 1883: 281 [no species originally includ-
ed; first inclusion by Swainson, 1839: 306]; not a junior
homonym of Pachypterus Solier, in Dejean, 1834: 192
[nomen nudum] in Coleoptera, not a junior homonym of
Pachypterus Lucas, 1847: 325, pl. 29 in Coleoptera
which appeared later). Gender masculine.
Neotropius Kulkarni, 1952: 231 (type species: Neotropius
khavalchor Kulkarni, 1952: 232, by original designa-
tion). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Placed in Bagridae by Tilak (1964: 18),
Mo (1991: 133) and Jayaram (2006: 74).
Pachypterus acutirostris (Day, 1870)
Pseudeutropius acutirostris Day, 1870c: 618 (type locality:
throughout Burma; syntypes: among BMNH
1889.2.1.2413 [1], 1889.2.1.2462 [1], ZSI A.484 [1], A.505
[1, lost], AMS B.7967 [1], NMW 48327 [1],
Whitehead
& Talwar, 1976: 157, Ferraris et al., 2000: 294)
Platytropius Hora, 1937
Platytropius Hora, 1937a [Jan.]: 352 (type species: Pseu-
deutropius siamensis Sauvage, 1883b: 154, by original
designation; also in Hora, 1937d [Nov.]: 39, 43). Gen-
der masculine.
Nemasiluroides Fowler, 1937 [May]: 137 (type species:
Nemasiluroides furcatus Fowler, 1937: 138, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Platytropius siamensis (Sauvage, 1883)
Pseudeutropius siamensis Sauvage, 1883b: 154 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Mé-Nam [Mae Nam Chao Phraya] in
Bangkok; holotype: MNHN A.5002, Bertin & Estève,
1950a: 44, Kottelat, 1984a: 811)
Nemasiluroides furcatus Fowler, 1937: 138, figs. 16–19 (type
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
253
locality: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 67893,
Böhlke, 1984: 136)
Proeutropiichthys Hora, 1937
Proeutropiichthys Hora, 1937a: 353 (type species: Eutropius
macropthalmos Blyth, 1860b: 156, by original designa-
tion). Gender masculine.
Proeutropiichthys macropthalmos (Blyth, 1860)
Eutropius macropthalmos Blyth, 1860b: 156 (type locality:
Burma: Tenasserim; syntypes: LU, Ferraris, 2007: 362,
or ? AMS B.7982 [1], Eschmeyer, 2011)
Proeutropiichthys taakree burmanicus Tilak, 1981: 35, figs.
1, 3, 5 (type locality: Burma; holotype: ZSI FF 771, Fer-
raris, 2007: 362)
Pseudeutropius Bleeker, 1862
Pseudeutropius Bleeker, 1862b: 398 (type species: Eutropius
brachypopterus Bleeker, 1858j: 169, by original desig-
nation). Gender masculine.
Pseudeutropius brachypopterus (Bleeker, 1858)
Eutropius brachypopterus Bleeker, 1858j: 169 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [115 mm
TL]: LU)
Pseudeutropius indigens Ng & Vidthayanon, 2011
Pseudeutropius indigens Ng & Vidthayanon, 2011: 46, fig.
1 (type locality: Thailand: Narathiwat Province: Toh
Daeng peat swamp, Khlong Pak Pla, 6°11'11"N
102°01'32"E; holotype: NIFI 3074)
Pseudeutropius moolenburghae Weber & de Beaufort,
1913
Pseudeutropius moolenburghae Weber & de Beaufort, 1913:
249, fig. 100 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Batang
Hari River; syntypes: ZMA 112.681 [6], AMNH 9283
[1], Nijssen et al., 1993: 224, Ferraris, 2007: 362)
Silonia Swainson, 1838
Silonia Swainson, 1838: 345, 1839: 305 (subgenus of Age-
neiosus La Cepède, 1803: 132; type species: Ageneio-
sus lurida Swainson, 1838: 345, by monotypy). Gender
feminine.
Silundia Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b:
48 (type species: Silundia gangetica Valenciennes, in
Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 49, by subsequent des-
ignation by Bleeker, 1862b: 399). Gender feminine.
Silondia Günther, 1864a: 65 (unjustified emendation of Si-
lundia Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b:
48). Gender feminine.
Silonopangasius Hora, 1937a: 352 (type species: Ageneio-
sus childreni Sykes, 1839a: 165, by original designa-
tion). Gender masculine.
Silonia silondia (Hamilton, 1822)
Pimelodus silondia Hamilton, 1822: 160, 375, pl. 7 fig. 50
(type locality: India: "Gangetic estuaries"; types: NT)
Ageneious lurida Swainson, 1838: 345, fig. 85 (unneces-
sary replacement name for Pimelodus silondia Hamil-
ton, 1822: 160, pl. 7 fig. 50)
Silundia Gangetica Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1840b: 49, pl. 426 (unnecessary replacement name
for Pimelodus silondia Hamilton, 1822: 160)
Silurus tonsus Hora, 1933: 132 (not available, name listed
in synonymy)
Family PANGASIIDAE
Pangasiidae Bleeker, 1858
Pangasini Bleeker, 1858j: 49, 58, 63 (type genus: Pangasius
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 45)
Pangasianodonini Fowler, 1958a: 14 (type genus: Panga-
sianodon Chevey, 1931: 538; correct stem is Pangasia-
nodont- and correct spelling is Pangasianodontini)
Taxonomic notes. Systematics at genus level follows Vid-
thayanon & Roongthongbaisuree (1993).
Helicophagus Bleeker, 1857
Helicophagus Bleeker, 1857a: 45 (type species: Helicopha-
gus typus Bleeker, 1857a: 46, by original designation
[use of typus]; also in Bleeker, 1858j: 58). Gender mas-
culine.
Helicophagus leptorhynchus Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Helicophagus leptorhynchus Ng & Kottelat, 2000d: 55, fig. 1
(type locality: Thailand: Ubon Ratchathani Province:
Mun River at Bung Wai, about 7 km west of Ubon Rat-
chathani; 15°12'30"N 104°47'30"E; holotype: USNM
288676)
Helicophagus typus Bleeker, 1857
Helicophagus typus Bleeker, 1857a: 46 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Musi River in Palembang; holotype
[220 mm TL]: BMNH 1863.12.4.118, Roberts & Vid-
thayanon, 1991: 139)
Helicophagus waandersii Bleeker, 1858
Helicophagus Waandersii Bleeker, 1858j: 175 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [340 mm
TL]: BMNH 1863.12.4.89, Roberts & Vidthayanon,
1991: 141)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
254
Pangasianodon Chevey, 1931
Pangasianodon Chevey, 1931: 538 (type species: Panga-
sianodon gigas Chevey, 1931: 538, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Pangasianodon gigas Chevey, 1931
Pangasianodon gigas Chevey, 1931: 538, figs. 1–2, pl. 1
(type locality: Cambodia: Phnom Penh; types: market
specimens, not preserved, but a cast was in Musée
Economique de Phnom-Penh)
Pangasius paucidens Fang & Chaux, in Chaux & Fang,
1949b: 344, fig. 6 (type locality: Cambodia; holotype:
MNHN 1966-0730, Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991: 117)
Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)
Helicophagus hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878b: 235 (type
locality: Laos; lectotype: MNHN A.745, designated by
Kottelat, 1984a: 812)
Pangasius sutchi Fowler, 1937: 141, figs. 27–29 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 67902,
Böhlke, 1984: 136)
Pangasius Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840
Pangasius Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b:
45 (type species: Pimelodus buchanani Valenciennes, in
Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 45, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Pseudopangasius Bleeker, 1862b: 399 (type species: Pan-
gasius polyuranodon Bleeker, 1852o: 425, by original
designation; also in Bleeker, 1862c: 14). Gender mascu-
line.
Neopangasius Popta, 1904: 180 (type species: Neopangasius
nieuwenhuisii Popta, 1904: 180, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Sinopangasius Chang & Wu, 1965: 11 (type species: Sino-
pangasius semicultratus Chang & Wu, 1965: 11, by orig-
inal designation). Gender masculine.
Pangasius bocourti Sauvage, 1880
Pangasius Bocourti Sauvage, 1880d: 229 (type locality:
Cambodia: Phnom-Penh; holotype: MNHN 9528, Kot-
telat, 1984a: 812)
Pangasius altifrons Durand, 1940: 23, pl. 5 (type locality:
Cambodia: Phnom Penh, Tonlé Sap; holotype: ION)
Pangasius conchophilus Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991
Pangasius conchophilus Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991: 114,
fig. 5 (type locality: Thailand: Nong Khai Province:
Thabo; holotype: NIFI 2227)
Pangasius djambal Bleeker, 1846
Pangasius djambal Bleeker, 1846a: 21 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia (Jakarta); lectotype: RMNH 6854,
designated by Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 487 and
Pouyaud
et al., 1999: 258 [invalid neotype designation by Roberts
& Vidthayanon, 1991: 116]; also in Bleeker, 1846c: 290)
Pangasius bedado Roberts, 1999b: 110, fig. 1 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype: MZB 2598)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Gustiano et al. (2004).
Pangasius elongatus Pouyaud, Gustiano & Teugels, 2002
Pangasius elongatus Pouyaud, Gustiano & Teugels, 2002:
248, fig. 5 (type locality: Vietnam: "Lower Mekong River
Delta"; holotype: MZB 10890)
Pangasius humeralis Roberts, 1989
Pangasius humeralis Roberts, 1989: 131, fig. 100 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sintang
market; holotype: MZB 3680)
Pangasius kinabatanganensis Roberts & Vidthayanon,
1991
Pangasius kinabatanganensis Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991:
123, fig. 10 (type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah:
Kina-
batangan River at Deramakot; holotype: FMNH 68042)
Pangasius krempfi Fang & Chaux, in Chaux & Fang, 1949
Pangasius krempfi Fang & Chaux, in Chaux & Fang, 1949b:
343, fig. 5 (type locality: Vietnam: "in sea at Bong-Lao"
[bong lao might in fact be a vernacular name on the la-
bel, not a locality; Rainboth, 1996b: 155]; holotype:
MNHN 1966-0729, Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991: 124)
Sinopangasius semicultratus Chang & Wu, 1965: 11, fig. 1
(type locality: China: Guangdong: off Paihai; holotype:
ASIZB 56-1174)
Pangasius kunyit Pouyaud, Teugels & Legendre, 1999
Pangasius kunyit Pouyaud, Teugels & Legendre, 1999: 251,
fig. 2 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan
Timur: Sangasanga village, 30 km SE of Samarinda,
Mahakam drainage; holotype: MZB 10009)
Pangasius larnaudii Bocourt, 1866
Pangasius Larnaudii Bleeker, 1864g: 34, 1864j: 175 (no-
men nudum)
Pangasius Larnaudii Bocourt, 1866: 15, pl. 1 fig. 2 (type
locality: Thailand: "large lakes located in the North of
the kingdom" and Ajuthia [Ayuthaya]; syntypes: MNHN
1549 [1], A.9423 [1], Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 40, Rob-
erts & Vidthayanon, 1991: 126)
Pangasius taeniura Fowler, 1935a: 98, fig. 19 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 61753, Böhlke,
1984: 136)
Pangasius burgini Fowler, 1937: 141, figs. 24–26 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 67901,
Böhlke, 1984: 136)
Pangasius lithostoma Roberts, 1989
Pangasius lithostoma Roberts, 1989: 132, fig. 102 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sintang
market; holotype: MZB 3678; compound noun, indeclin-
able [not adjective because it did not agree in gender in
original description])
Pangasius macronema Bleeker, 1850
Pangasius macronema Bleeker, 1850i: 11 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin;
holotype [116 mm TL]: among RMNH 6855 [1 of 10],
BMNH 1863.12.4.66 [1], NMV 45892, Ferraris, 2007:
327, Eschmeyer, 2011)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
255
? Pangasius delicatissimus Bleeker, 1863a: 73 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Java: Krawang Province; holotype: mod-
el of the drawing [contra Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991:
127, this name is available, Code art. 12.1])
Pangasius siamensis Steindachner, 1878: 156 (nomen nu-
dum)
Pangasius siamensis Steindachner, 1879c: 393 (type local-
ity: Thailand: "Meinam-Fluss bei Bangkok" [Mae Nam
Chao Phraya near Bangkok]; syntypes: NMW 45469 [1],
76998 [1], Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991: 127)
? Pangasius aequilabialis Fowler, 1937: 140, figs. 20–23
(type locality: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP
67897, Böhlke, 1984: 136)
Taxonomic notes. Comment in Kottelat (1989: 14) that
Pangasius siamensis is possibly extinct is a typesetter's mis-
take; this actually applies to Platytropius siamensis, one line
below.
Pangasius mahakamensis Pouyaud, Gustiano & Teugels,
2002
Pangasius mahakamensis Pouyaud, Gustiano & Teugels,
2002: 246, fig. 4 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Ka-
limantan Timur: Mahakam River at Samarinda; holotype:
MZB 10886)
Pangasius mekongensis Gustiano, Teugels & Pouyaud,
2003
Pangasius mekongensis Gustiano, Teugels & Pouyaud,
2003: 370, fig. 7 (type locality: Vietnam: Binh Dai,
Mekong delta; holotype: MZB 10847)
Pangasius myanmar Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1191
Pangasius myanmar Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991: 131,
fig. 17 (type locality: Myanmar: Rangoon; holotype:
CAS-SU 33787)
Pangasius nasutus (Bleeker, 1863)
Pseudopangasius nasutus Bleeker, 1863j: 72 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin;
holotype [270 mm TL]: ? BMNH 1863.12.4.113, Rob-
erts & Vidthayanon, 1991: 132, Ferraris, 2007: 327; also
in Bleeker, 1863a: 76)
Pangasius ponderosus Herre, in Herre & Myers, 1937: 67,
pl. 6 (type locality: Malaysia: Perak: Chandra Dam
[Chan-
deroh Dam; Böhlke, 1953: 43]; holotype: CAS-SU
14162, Böhlke, 1953: 43; authorship as indicated p. 53)
Pangasius nieuwenhuisii (Popta, 1904)
Neopangasius Nieuwenhuisii Popta, 1904: 180 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bo River;
ho-
lotype: RMNH 7546; also in Popta, 1906: 30, pl. 1 fig. 3)
Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822)
Pimelodus pangasius Hamilton, 1822: 163, 376, pl. 33 fig.
52 (type locality: India: estuaries of Bengal; types: NT)
Pachypterus luridus Swainson, 1839: 306 (available by indi-
cation to Hamilton, 1822: 163, fig. 62 [should apparent-
ly read 52; p. 163 refers to P. pangasius, fig. 62 to Pimelo-
dus bagarius; position of the species in Pachypterus
Swainson, 1839, suggests that P. pangasius was meant];
type locality: estuaries of Bengal; types: NT)
Pangasius Buchanani Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1840b: 45, pl. 425 (unnecessary replacement name
for Pimelodus pangasius Hamilton, 1822: 163)
Silurus sagittatus Hora, 1933: 132 (not available, name list-
ed in synonymy)
Pangasius pangasius godavarii David, 1962: 151, fig. 3G
(type locality: India: Andhra Pradesh: Godavari River at
Rajahmundry; syntypes: not preserved, or at Central In-
land Fisheries Tank Fisheries Unit, Bangalore)
Pangasius pangasius upiensis Srivastava, 1968: 97, fig. 60
(type locality: India: Uttar Pradesh: Gorakhpur: Rohini
River at Bale-ka-Maidan; holotype: Zoological Muse-
um of Gorakhpur University)
Pangasius polyuranodon Bleeker, 1852
Pangasius polyuranodon Bleeker, 1852o: 425 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarma-
sin; holotype [160 mm TL]: ? RMNH 6855, Roberts &
Vidthayanon, 1991: 136)
Pangasius juaro Bleeker, 1852r: 589 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [336 mm TL]: part
of BMNH 1863.12.4.79 [1], RMNH 6855 [3 of 4], Rob-
erts & Vidthayanon, 1991: 137)
Pangasius rheophilus Pouyaud & Teugels, 2000
Pangasius rheophilus Pouyaud & Teugels, 2000: 194, figs.
1–2 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur:
Bulungan Regency: Bahau River, tributary of Upper
Kayan at Longpujungan; holotype: MZB 10010)
Pangasius sabahensis Gustiano, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2002
Pangasius sabahensis Gustiano, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2002:
372, fig. 8 (type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah:
Sukau, Kinabatangan River; holotype: MZB 10848)
Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith, 1931
Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith, 1931a: 29, figs. 13–14 (type
locality: Thailand: Mae Nam Chao Phraya at Koh Yai;
holotype [616 mm]: KUMF)
Pangasius beani Smith, 1931a: 26 (type locality: Thailand:
Klong Ban Poh, off Lopburi River, near Ayuthia
[Ayuthaya]; holotype: USNM 90308; simultaneous sub-
jective synonym of Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith,
1931a: 29, first revisers [Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991:
138] gave precedence to P. sanitwongsei)
Pseudolais Vaillant, 1902
Pseudolais Vaillant, 1902: 51 (type species: Pseudolais
tetranema Vaillant, 1902: 52, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine [lais is a Malay and Indonesian word, not a Greek
word, and Code art. 30.2.4 applies].
Pteropangasius Fowler, 1937: 142 (type species: Pangasius
cultratus Smith, 1931a: 25, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Pseudolais micronemus (Bleeker, 1846)
Pangasius micronemus Bleeker, 1846d: 8 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Solo River; syntypes: ? part of RMNH
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
256
6856 [3], BMNH 1863.12.4.82 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 328;
spelt Pangasiu smicronemus p. 8, an inadvertent error,
thus incorrect original spelling [Code art. 32.5.1]; also
in Bleeker, 1847d: 166)
Pangasius rios Bleeker, 1851l: 205 (type locality: Indonesia:
Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; holotype [115
mm TL]: ? BMNH 1863.12.4.92 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 328)
Pseudolais tetranema Vaillant, 1902: 52, fig. 3 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Mahakam
River at Tepoe ["3 hours upstream of Melak by steam-
er", Nieuwenhuis, 1900: 354; based on Nieuwenhuis'
map apparently today's Tering Lama [Tring]; about
0°04'10"S 115°38'40"E]; holotype: ? RMNH 7821, Fer-
raris, 2007: 328)
Pangasius de Zwaani Weber & de Beaufort, 1912a: 535, pl.
12 fig. 3 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Taluk, up-
per Kuantan River; holotype: ZMA 113.011, Nijssen et
al., 1993: 223, Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991: 130)
? Pangasius hoeksi Hardenberg, 1948: 412 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas River;
holotype: LU, probably lost)
Pangasius tubbi Inger & Chin, 1959: 287, fig. 47 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kinabatangan District:
confluence of Deramakot and Kinabatangan Rivers; ho-
lotype: FMNH 68047)
Pseudolais pleurotaenia (Sauvage, 1878)
Pangasius pleurotaenia Sauvage, 1878b: 235 (type locali-
ty: Laos; lectotype: MNHN 9529, designated by Kotte-
lat, 1984a: 813, fig 8)
Pangasius cultratus Smith, 1931a: 25 (type locality: Thai-
land: Tapi River near Bandon [Surat Thani]; holotype:
USNM 90306)
Pangasius fowleri Smith, 1931a: 28 (type locality: Thailand:
Lopburi River at Lopburi; holotype: USNM 90309)
Family BAGRIDAE
Bagridae Bleeker, 1858
Bagrichthyoidei Bleeker, 1858j: 49, 54 (type genus: Bagrus
Bosc, 1816: 147 [not Bagrichthys; Bleeker used the suf-
fix -ichthyoidei for the subfamily level; on Official List
of Generic Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1986b: 233 [Opin-
ion 1402]))
Bagrini Bleeker, 1858j: 50, 53 (not a new name, same as
subfamily Bagrichthyoidei, stem bagr- and suffix -ini
used by Bleeker for the cohort rank)
Bagrichthyes Bleeker, 1862a: 8, 48 (type genus: Bagrich-
thys Bleeker, 1857n: 473)
Ritae Bleeker, 1862a: 8 (type genus: Rita Bleeker, 1853o: 122)
Tachysurinae Jordan, 1888: 35 (type genus: Tachysurus La
Cepède, 1803: 150; misidentified type genus [interpret-
ed in a sense other than defined by its type species] when
established, the case should be referred to the ICZN if
the name were to be used [type species interpreted as a
member of Ariidae while it is a Bagridae], Code art. 65.2.1)
Olyrinae Gill, 1893: 132 (type genus: Olyra M'Clelland,
1842a: 588)
Porcinae Fowler, 1915: 219 (type genus: Porcus Geoffroy
Saint-Hilaire, 1808: pl. 15; Porcus is on Official Index
of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology,
ICZN, 1986b: 233 [Opinion 1402])
Mystidae Fowler, 1935c: 275 (nomen nudum; Code art. 13.2)
Bagroidinae Jayaram, 1966b: 1066 (type genus: Bagroides
Bleeker, 1851l: 204)
Pelteobagrini Jayaram, 1966b: 1071 (type genus: Pel-
teobagrus Bleeker, 1864d: 9)
Batasinae Tilak, 1967b: 431 (type genus: Batasio Blyth,
1860b: 149)
Taxonomic notes. Pseudobagrus nudiceps is described by
Sauvage (1883a: 145) from Japan and 10 pages later (Sau-
vage, 1883b: 155) from Siam. Smith (1934: 296; 1945: 6)
and Kottelat (1984a: 811) concluded that it is a Japanese
fish and that its duplicate description from Siam is an error.
Nomenclatural notes. Synonymy does not include all taxa
based on African genera.
Species inquirenda
Pimelodinae (breviceps) Mason, 1850: 322 (not available,
name not published in combination with a generic name,
Code art. 11.9.3; locality: Myanmar: Tenasserim)
Bagrichthys Bleeker, 1857
Bagrichthys Bleeker, 1857n: 473 (type species: Bagrus
hypselopterus Bleeker, 1852r: 588, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Pseudobagrichthys Bleeker, 1862c: 9, pl. 67 (type species:
Bagroides macropterus Bleeker, 1854d: 515, by origi-
nal designation; also in Bleeker, 1863a: 49). Gender
masculine.
Bagrichthys hypselopterus (Bleeker, 1852)
Bagrus hypselopterus Bleeker, 1852r: 588 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Palembang; holotype [260 mm TL]:
? RMNH 6877, Ferraris, 2007: 82)
Bagrichthys macracanthus (Bleeker, 1854)
Bagroïdes macracanthus Bleeker, 1854v: 88 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: confluence of Lamatang and Enim
Rivers; holotype [240 mm TL]: RMNH 5216 [1 of 27],
Ferraris, 2007: 82 or BMNH 1863.12.4.60, Desoutter,
1975: 458)
Bagrichthys macropterus (Bleeker, 1854)
Bagroïdes macropterus Bleeker, 1854d: 515 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi: Muara Kompeh; holotype
[256 mm SL]: BMNH 1863.12.4.108, Desoutter, 1975:
457 [not type, Eschmeyer, 2011])
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
257
Bagrichthys majusculus Ng, 2002
Bagrichthys majusculus Ng, 2002d: 50, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Ubon Ratchathani Province: Khong Chi-
am District: Mun River at Ban Dan, 3 km upstream from
Mekong River confluence; holotype: UMMZ 214916)
Bagrichthys micranodus Roberts, 1989
Bagrichthys micranodus Roberts, 1989: 115, fig. 89 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Kapuas
mainstream 58 km northeast of Sintang and 1 km down-
stream from Sebruang, 0°25.5'N 111°52.5'E; holotype:
MZB 3578)
Bagrichthys obscurus Ng, 1999
Bagrichthys obscurus Ng, 1999a: 546, fig. 1 (type locality:
Thailand: Roi Et Province: Lam Chi, 1.5 km below high-
way 23 bridge, 4 km west of Selaphum; holotype: USNM
317511)
Bagrichthys vaillantii (Popta)
Leiocassis macropterus Vaillant, 1902: 58, figs. 6–7 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Ma-
hakam River at Tepoe ["3 hours upstream of Melak by
steamer", Nieuwenhuis, 1900: 354; based on Nieuwen-
huis' map apparently today's Tering Lama [Tring]; about
0°04'10"S 115°38'40"E]; holotype: RMNH 7839, Ng,
2000: 329; secondary junior homonym of Bagroides ma-
cropterus Bleeker, 1854d: 515 when placed in Bagroi-
des by Popta, 1906: 228)
Bagroides Vaillantii Popta, 1906: 228 (replacement name
for Leiocassis macropterus Vaillant, 1902: 58)
Bagroides Bleeker, 1851
Bagroïdes Bleeker, 1851l: 204 (type species: Bagroides
melapterus Bleeker, 1851l: 204, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Bagroides melapterus Bleeker, 1851
Bagroïdes melapterus Bleeker, 1851l: 204 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin;
syntypes [2, 142–200 mm TL]: BMNH 1863.12.4.71,
? NMV 46011 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 83)
Bagroïdes melanopterus Bleeker, 1852o: 413 (incorrect sub-
sequent spelling of Bagroides melapterus Bleeker, 1851l:
204)
Batasio Blyth, 1860
Batasio Blyth, 1860b: 149 (type species: Batasio bucha-
nani Blyth, 1860b: 150, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine [Code art. 30.2.4].
Duxordia Day, 1888a: 805 (not available, name published
in synonymy; mention by Myers, 1951: 26 does not make
it available as it does not satisfy all conditions of Code
art. 11.6.1)
Macronoides Hora, 1921a: 179 (subgenus of Macrones
Duméril, 1856: 484; type species: Batasio affinis Blyth,
1860b: 150, by subsequent designation by Jordan, 1923:
148). Gender masculine.
Batasio affinis Blyth, 1860
Batasio affinis Blyth, 1860b: 150 (type locality: Burma:
Tenasserim [Sittang River; label data, probably not orig-
inal data; Ng & Kottelat, 2001: 497]; holotype: ZSI
F 7880/1, Ng & Kottelat, 2001: 497, 2008: 290, listed
by Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 126 as holotype of Macrones
blythi Day, 1877a: 445; not a junior homonym of Bagrus
affinis Jerdon, 1849: 338 when placed in synonymy of
Macrones vittatus by Day, 1877a: 445, Ng & Kottelat,
2001: 500)
Macrones Blythii Day, 1877a: 445 (unnecessary replacement
name for Batasio affinis Blyth, 1860b: 150)
Batasio niger Vishwanath & Darshan, 2006: 2160, fig 1w
(type locality: India: Manipur: Chandel District: Khu-
jailok stream, a tributary of Lokchao River [Chindwin
drainage]; holotype: MUMF 9028)
Taxonomic notes: Synonymy follows Ng & Kottelat (2008:
290).
Batasio convexirostrum Darshan, Anganthoibi & Vish-
wanath, 2011
Batasio convexirostrum Darshan, Anganthoibi & Vish-
wanath, 2011: 53, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Mizoram:
Luglei District: Mat River (tributary of Koladyne River)
near Mat bridge, 22°54'N 92°52'E; holotype: MUMF
9525)
Batasio dayi (Vinciguerra, 1890)
Macrones Dayi Vinciguerra, 1890: 230, pl. 7 fig. 3 (type
locality: Burma: Meetan [Mitan Chaung, rivulet flow-
ing south from summit of Mulayet Taung, 16°11'N
98°32'E; Ng & Kottelat, 2001: 500] / Biapò District: hills
east of Toungoo; syntypes [6]: MCSNG 14586 [1],
BMNH 1893.2.16.8 [1], NMW 45184 [1], RMNH 10225
[1], Tortonese, 1963a: 307, Ng & Kottelat, 2001: 500,
Ferraris, 2007: 85)
Batasio elongatus Ng, 2004
Batasio elongatus Ng, 2004d: 68, fig. 1 (type locality: Myan-
mar: Rakhine State: Baw Di Chaung drainage: Baw Di
Chaung at Baw Di bridge, 20 miles from Gwa on road to
Ngathaingchaung; 17°34'15"N 94°43'47"E; holotype:
NRM 40748)
Batasio feruminatus Ng & Kottelat, 2008
Batasio feruminatus Ng & Kottelat, 2008a: 295, fig. 7 (type
locality: Myanmar: Kayin [Karen] State: stream "Chon
Son" between Kyondaw and Phadaw, about 20 km north-
west of Payathouzu [Payathonzu] (at border with Thai-
land); about 15°25'N 98°15'E; holotype: ZRC 50716,
Ng & Lim, 2008: 24, fig. 18)
Batasio fluviatilis (Day, 1888)
Leiocassis fluviatilis Day, 1888a: 805 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Tenasserim Provinces: Anin, a stream near Wey-
woon, Wagroo [Anin Chaung, near Wewun; 15°41'N
97°48'E; Ng & Kottelat, 2001: 497]; syntypes [4]: LU,
Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 157, one of which figured
in Tickell's manuscript, reproduced in Ng & Kottelat,
2008a: 294, fig. 8)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
258
Mystus havmolleri Smith, 1931a: 24, fig. 12 (type locality:
Thailand: Peninsula: Khlong Thalerng near Ronpibun;
holotype: USNM 90304)
Mystus stigmaturus Fowler, 1934a: 94, figs. 41–42 (type
locality: Thailand: Nakon Sritamarat; holotype: ANSP
59338, Böhlke, 1984: 25)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Ng & Kottelat (2008:
293). See under Mystacoleucus for comments on author-
ship of names usually attributed to Tickell (in Day, 1888).
Batasio procerus Ng, 2008
Batasio procerus Ng, 2008b: 2, fig. 1 (type locality: Myan-
mar: Kachin State: Nan Hto Chaung in Putao;
27°19'44"N 97°22'36"E; holotype: NRM 40927)
Batasio tigrinus Ng & Kottelat, 2001
Batasio tigrinus Ng & Kottelat, 2001: 504, fig. 6 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province: Mae Nam
Khwae Noi basin, Huai Lia, km 49 on road from Thon
Pha Phun to Sangkhla Buri, 15°04'25"N 98°33'51"E;
holotype: ZRC 40624, Ng & Lim, 2008: 26, fig. 20)
Hemibagrus Bleeker, 1862
Hemibagrus Bleeker, 1862c: 9, pls. 69–72 (type species:
Bagrus nemurus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1840a: 423, by original designation; placed on
Official List of Generic Names in Zoology, ICZN, 2002:
220 [Opinion 2011]). Gender masculine.
Macropterobagrus Nichols, 1925f: 1 (subgenus of Hemi-
bagrus Bleeker, 1862c: 9; type species: Hemibagrus
macropterus Bleeker, 1870e: 257, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Brachymystus Fowler, 1937: 148 (subgenus of Mystus Sco-
poli, 1777: 451; type species: Bagrus nemurus Valenci-
ennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 423, by origi-
nal designation; objective junior synonym of Hemibagrus
Bleeker, 1862c: 9). Gender masculine.
Remarks. Revised by Ng & Kottelat (2013).
Hemibagrus baramensis (Regan, 1906)
Macrones baramensis Regan, 1906c: 68 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River; holotype:
BMNH 1895.7.2.50, Ng & Dodson, 1999: 55)
Hemibagrus furcatus Ng, Martin-Smith & Ng, 2000: 66,
figs. 1, 3 (type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: La-
had Datu District: Danum Valley Conservation Area,
Sungai Segama; holotype: MUS uncat.)
Hemibagrus bongan (Popta, 1904)
Macrones bongan Popta, 1904: 182 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Bongan River; syntypes:
RMNH 7548 [1], 7549 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 87; also in
Popta, 1906: 35, pl. 2 fig. 5)
Hemibagrus capitulum (Popta, 1904)
Macrones Bleekeri Volz, 1903a: 556 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Sumatra: Palembang: Banju Asin, brackish water;
holotype: NMBE 1020756, Ng & Dodson, 1999: 55;
primary junior homonym of Macrones bleekeri Day,
1877a: 451; also in Volz, 1903b: 387, pl. 26 [not 25] fig. 3)
Macrones fortis var. capitulum Popta, 1906: 48, pl. 3 fig. 9
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bo
River; holotype: RMNH 7552)
Mystus pahangensis Herre, 1940a: 14, pl. 9 (type locality:
Malaysia: Pahang: Sungai Garam near Karak; holotype:
CAS-SU 33025, Böhlke, 1953: 42)
Mystus johorensis Herre, 1940a: 13, pls. 7–8 (type locality:
Malaysia: Johor: Sungai Kayu, 16 miles north of Kota
Tinggi; holotype: CAS-SU 33026, Böhlke, 1953: 42,
Ng & Rainboth, 1999: 559; simultaneous subjective syn-
onym of Mystus pahangensis Herre, 1940a: 14, as first
reviser I give precedence to M. pahangensis)
Hemibagrus chrysops Ng & Dodson, 1999: 48, fig. 1 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Serian market, from
Sadong River; holotype: ZRC 42653, Ng & Lim, 2008:
27, fig. 21)
Hemibagrus caveatus Ng, Wirjoatmodjo & Hadiaty, 2001
Hemibagrus caveatus Ng, Wirjoatmodjo & Hadiaty, 2001a:
359, fig. 1 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh:
Sungai Soraya, a tributary of Sungai Alas; holotype:
MZB 8714)
Hemibagrus centralus Mai, 1978
Hemibagrus centralus Mai, 1978: 253, fig. 115 [not fig. 116
of erratum, see Ng & Kottelat, 2013a: 224] (type locali-
ty: Vietnam: Quang Binh [Kottelat, 2001a: 107]; synty-
pes: DVZUT 409 [2])
Hemibagrus divaricatus Ng & Kottelat, 2013
Hemibagrus divaricatus Ng & Kottelat, 2013a: 254, fig. 34
(type locality: Malaysia: Perak: Sungai Perak at Kam-
pung Kenderong, 3 km from Gerik, 5°24'52.5"N
101°09'05.1"E; holotype: ZRC 41151)
Hemibagrus filamentus (Fang & Chaux, in Chaux & Fang,
1949)
Macrones filamentus Fang & Chaux, in Chaux & Fang,
1949a: 200, fig. 4 (type locality: Cambodia; holotype:
MNHN 1966-0728, Ng & Rainboth, 1999: 572)
Hemibagrus fortis (Popta, 1904)
Macrones fortis Popta, 1904: 185 (type locality: Indonesia:
Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bo River; syntypes: RMNH
7551 [4]; also in Popta, 1906: 44, pl. 2 fig. 8)
Macrones howong Popta, 1904: 181 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Howong River [about
0°15'N 115°30'E]; holotype: RMNH 7547; also in Popta,
1906: 32, pl. 1 fig. 4; simultaneous subjective synonym
of Macrones fortis Popta, 1904: 185, first revisers [Tan
& Ng, 2000: 271] gave precedence to M. fortis)
Macrones bo Popta, 1904: 183 (type locality: Indonesia:
Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Bo River; holotype: RMNH
7549; also in Popta, 1906: 38, pl. 2 fig. 6; simultaneous
subjective synonym of Macrones fortis Popta, 1904: 185,
first revisers [Tan & Ng, 2000: 271] gave precedence to
M. fortis)
Macrones kajan Popta, 1904: 184 (type locality: Indonesia:
Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Kajan River; holotype:
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
259
RMNH 7550; also in Popta, 1906: 41, pl. 2 fig. 7; simul-
taneous subjective synonym of Macrones fortis Popta,
1904: 185, first revisers [Tan & Ng, 2000: 271] gave
precedence to M. fortis)
Hemibagrus gracilis Ng & Ng, 1995
Hemibagrus gracilis Ng & Ng, 1995: 136, fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: Malaysia: Johor: Sungei Jasin in Ulu Endau; ho-
lotype: ZRC 21484, Ng & Lim, 2008: 28, fig. 28)
Hemibagrus guttatus (La Cepède, 1803)
Pimelodus guttatus La Cepède,
1803: 96, 111, 113, pl. 5 fig. 1
(type locality: China; holotype: a "Chinese painting" [see
also Bauchot & Daget, 1996: 236])
Macrones elongatus Günther, 1864a: 77 (type locality: Sin-
gapore [erroneous; probably South China; Kottelat; Ng
& Ng, 1998: 567]; holotype: BMNH 1855.9.19.1099,
Jayaram, 1978: 224, fig. 2, Kottelat, Ng & Ng, 1998:
566, fig. 1)
Macrones chinensis Steindachner, 1883: 196 (type locality:
China: Canton; holotype: NMW, Jayaram, 1978: 225,
fig. 3; also in Steindachner, 1884: 1111, pl. 8)
Hemibagrus elongatus hongus Mai, 1978: 252 (type local-
ity: Vietnam: Song Hong [Red River] and Song Lam riv-
ers; syntypes: DVZUT, lost, Ng & Kottelat, 2013a: 218)
Hemibagrus dongbacensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 631,
fig. 48 (type locality: Vietnam: Lang Son Province: Ky
Cung River; holotype: NCNTTSI; author indicated as
"Hao & Binh" in caption of Fig. 48)
Hemibagrus hainanensis (Tchang, 1935)
Leiocassis hainanensis Tchang, 1935b: 175, fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: China: Hainan; holotype: ASIZB 12904)
Hemibagrus hoevenii (Bleeker, 1846)
Bagrus Hoevenii Bleeker, 1846a: 26 (type locality: Malay-
sia: Johor: Muar River at Kampong Bukit Kebong [orig-
inal type locality: Indonesia: Java: Batavia (Jakarta)];
neotype: ZRC 37472, designated by ICZN, 1996: 138
[Opinion 1840], Kottelat, Lim & Ng, 1994: 322, Ng &
Lim, 2008: 23, fig. 17; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 154)
Hemibagrus imbrifer Ng & Ferraris, 2000
Hemibagrus imbrifer Ng & Ferraris, 2000: 126, fig. 1 (type
locality: Thailand: Tak Province: Salween basin, Mae
Nam Moei at Ban Wa Le, 16°17'24"N 98°48'21"E; ho-
lotype: ZRC 45406, Ng & Lim, 2008: 29, fig. 22, Ng &
Kottelat, 2013a: 267, fig. 42; figure in original descrip-
tion shows paratype CMK 13445, not holotype, Ng &
Kottelat, 2013a: 268)
Hemibagrus lacustrinus Ng & Kottelat, 2013
Hemibagrus lacustrinus Ng & Kottelat, 2013a: 257, fig. 36
(type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Sumatera Barat, Hulu
Batang Ombilin; holotype: MZB 17183)
Hemibagrus macropterus Bleeker, 1870
Hemibagrus macropterus Bleeker, 1870e: 257, pl. (type lo-
cality: China: Yangtze River; holotype: LU)
Aoria Amemiyai Kimura, 1934: 166, pl. 5 fig. 2 (type local-
ity: China: Sichuan: Howchwan; holotype: BDSSI; spelt
amemiyae pp. 12 and 166, amemiyai on pl. 5, first revis-
ers [Kottelat et al., 1998: 570] gave precedence to
amemiyai)
Hemibagrus microphthalmus (Day, 1877)
Macrones microphthalmus Day, 1877a: 446, pl. 100 fig. 4
(type locality: Burma: Irrawaddy valley; syntypes: ZSI
2592 [listed as holotype by Ng & Rainboth, 1999: 576],
AMS B.7918, Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 157, Ferraris
et al., 2000: 299)
Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1840)
Bagrus nemurus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 423 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype:
RMNH or MNHN; placed on Official List of Specific
Names in Zoology, ICZN, 2002: 220 [Opinion 2011])
Bagrus Sieboldii Bleeker, 1846a: 27 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: RMNH 15881 [5],
SMNS 10572 [1], Fricke, 1991: 8; placed on Official
List of Specific Names in Zoology, ICZN, 2002: 220
[Opinion 2011]; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 155)
Bagrus tetragonocephalus Ng et al., 1999: 38 (not avail-
able, name on a label)
Hemibagrus olyroides (Roberts, 1989)
Mystus olyroides Roberts, 1989: 124, fig. 95 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: Sintang market,
reportedly from Sungai Kebian; holotype: MZB 3625)
Hemibagrus peguensis (Boulenger, 1894)
Macrones peguensis Boulenger, 1894b: 196 (type locality:
Burma: Sittang River near Tounggoo; syntypes: BMNH
1894.5.21.25–26 [2], Ng & Ferraris, 2000: 137)
Distribution notes. Records of Hemibagrus menoda from
Myanmar refer to H. peguensis (Ng & Kottelat, 2013a: 227).
[Pimelodus menoda Hamilton, 1822: 203, 379 [pl. 1 fig. 72, as Mugil cor-
sula] (type locality: Bangladesh: Surma (Meghna) drainage: Shari-
ghat bazaar, 22 miles northeast of Sylhet on Sylhet–Shillong high-
way, said to be from Shari River [original type locality: India: Kosi,
Mahananda, and other rivers in the north of Behar and Bengal]; neo-
type: UMMZ 208726, designated by Ng & Ferraris, 2000: 132, fig. 5)].
Hemibagrus planiceps (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1840)
Bagrus planiceps Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 421 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; lectotype:
RMNH 2939, designated by Ng et al., 1999: 38; on Of-
ficial List of Specific Names in Zoology, ICZN, 2002:
220 [Opinion 2011])
Bagrus anisurus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 422 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; lectotype:
RMNH 2956, designated by Kottelat, 1999b: 272, Rob-
erts, 1993b: 30, fig. 66; simultaneous subjective synonym
of Bagrus planiceps Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1840a: 421, first reviser [Bleeker, 1858g: 417]
gave precedence to B. planiceps;
on Official List of Spe-
cific Names in Zoology, ICZN, 2002: 220 [Opinion 2011])
Bagrus flavus Bleeker, 1846a: 28 (type locality: Indonesia:
Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype: probably part of
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
260
RMNH 15897 [4], van Oijen, 1999: 201; SMNS 10570
[1, Fricke, 1991: 8] has no type status; based on a single
specimen, Bleeker, 1858j: 155; also in Bleeker, 1846b:
156; on Official List of Specific Names in Zoology,
ICZN, 2002: 220 [Opinion 2011])
Nomenclatural notes. Roberts (1993: 30) listed specimen
MNHN B.615 as holotype of Bagrus planiceps. As Valen-
ciennes explicitly stated having examined specimens (num-
ber not stated) 4 and 8 inches long [TL], however, there is
no holotype but a series of syntypes. All specimens collect-
ed by Kuhl and van Hasselt and of about this size should be
considered to be syntypes. Valenciennes explicitly stated that
MNHN had received one specimen from RMNH. Accord-
ing to Roberts, specimen MNHN B.615 is 102 mm SL, which
makes it too large to bethe 4-inch TL syntype and too small
to be the 8-inch one.
Roberts (1993: 30) listed specimen RMNH 2956 as ho-
lotype of Bagrus anisurus. Valenciennes based his descrip-
tion on a specimen 14 inches long (TL) but it is clear from
his first sentence that he had seen more specimens ("Kuhl
and van Hasselt [...] sent samples [plural] to [RMNH]"). As
these specimens are included by Valenciennes in his B. ani-
surus, they are syntypes and there is no holotype.
Hemibagrus pluriradiatus (Vaillant, 1892)
Macrones pluriradiatus Vaillant, 1892: 126 (type locality:
Vietnam: Tonkin: area of Lai-Chau or Muong-Lai: Nam
Tiong Kong, a stream whose source is near Na-Ho vil-
lage, first left-hand tributary of Nam Ma on which Pou-
Fang [22°18'N 100°06'E] is located [details in Vaillant,
1904a: 461]; holotype: MNHN 1892-0048, Vaillant,
1904a: 462, pl. 23 fig. 2, Jayaram, 1978: 226, fig. 1,
Kottelat, Ng & Ng, 1998: 568)
Hemibagrus taybacensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 625, fig. 45
(type locality: Vietnam: Lai Chau Province: Lai Chau
town; holotype: NCNTTSI)
Hemibagrus chiemhoaensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 627,
fig. 46 (type locality: Vietnam: Tuyen Quang Province:
Chiem Hoa District: Gam River; holotype: NCNTTSI)
Hemibagrus songdaensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 629, fig. 47
(type locality: Vietnam: Son La Province: Yen Chau, Van
Yen; holotype: NCNTTSI)
Hemibagrus sabanus (Inger & Chin, 1959)
Mystus sabanus Inger & Chin, 1959: 294 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kinabatangan District: Kina-
batangan River at Deramakot; holotype: FMNH 68088)
Hemibagrus semotus Ng & Kottelat, 2013
Hemibagrus semotus Ng & Kottelat, 2013a: 215, fig. 6 (type
locality: Borneo: Sabah, Padas River at Tenom; holo-
type: ZRC 46121)
Hemibagrus spilopterus Ng & Rainboth, 1999
? Macrones luridus Pétillot, 1911: 164 (nomen nudum)
? Macrones luridus Chevey, 1937: 250 (nomen nudum)
Hemibagrus spilopterus Ng & Rainboth, 1999: 562, fig. 5
(type locality: Cambodia: Kandal, Bassac River at vil-
lage of Prek Chey on Vietnamese border; 10°57'N
105°06'E; holotype: UMMZ 232611)
Hemibagrus variegatus Ng & Ferraris, 2000
Hemibagrus variegatus Ng & Ferraris, 2000: 139, fig. 12
(type locality: Myanmar: Tenasserim River; holotype:
BMNH 1992.11.16.11)
Hemibagrus velox Tan & Ng, 2000
Hemibagrus velox Tan & Ng, 2000: 272, fig. 2a (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Sumatera Barat: Sungai
Dareh, Pulau Punjung market; holotype: MZB 9305)
Hemibagrus vietnamicus Mai, 1978
Hemibagrus vietnamicus Mai, 1978: 252, fig. 116 [of erra-
tum, not fig. 115, see Ng & Kottelat, 2013a: 224] (type
locality: northern Vietnam [including Cho Moi, Cau Riv-
er; Kottelat, 2001a: 107]; syntypes: DVZUT 250 [15],
260 [12], Ng & Kottelat, 2013a: 222; spelt vietnammicus
[p. 337], first reviser [Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 1760] re-
tained vietnamicus as correct original spelling)
Hemibagrus camthuyensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 632, fig.
49 (type locality: Vietnam: Thanh Hoa Province: Cam
Thuy District: Ma River; holotype: NCNTTSI)
Hemibagrus wyckii (Bleeker, 1858)
Bagrus Wijckii Bleeker, 1858g: 418 (nomen nudum)
Bagrus Wyckii Bleeker, 1858j: 156 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Preanger Province: Tjitarum River [Citarum],
near village Parongkalong; syntypes [2, 320–440 mm
TL]: BMNH 1863.12.4.88 [1], RMNH 6897 [1], Des-
outter, 1975: 452, Ng & Rainboth, 1999: 575)
Hemibagrus wyckioides (Fang & Chaux, in Chaux & Fang,
1949)
Macrones Wyckioides Fang & Chaux, in Chaux & Fang,
1949a: 199, fig. 3 (type locality: Cambodia; holotype:
MNHN 1966-0727, Ng & Rainboth, 1999: 575)
Macrones rubicauda Bardach, 1959: 32a (nomen nudum)
Mystus aubentoni Desoutter, 1975: 449, figs. 2–3 (type lo-
cality: Cambodia: Stung Treng; holotype: MNHN 1974-
0039)
Hemileiocassis Ng & Lim, 2000
Hemileiocassis Ng & Lim, 2000: 192 (type species:
Hemileiocassis panjang Ng & Lim, 2000: 192, by orig-
inal designation). Gender feminine.
Hemileiocassis panjang Ng & Lim, 2000
Hemileiocassis panjang Ng & Lim, 2000: 192, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Java: Bogor; holotype: ZMA
121.529)
Hyalobagrus Ng & Kottelat, 1998
Hyalobagrus Ng & Kottelat, 1998b: 336 (type species:
Pseudobagrus ornatus Duncker, 1904: 173, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Hyalobagrus flavus Ng & Kottelat, 1998
Hyalobagrus flavus Ng & Kottelat, 1998b: 340, fig. 6 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi, Danau Arang Arang
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
261
in the vicinity of Muara Kompeh, 1°37'32.0"S
103°47'19.0"E; holotype: MZB 9302)
Hyalobagrus leiacanthus Ng & Kottelat, 1998
Hyalobagrus leiacanthus Ng & Kottelat, 1998b: 341, fig. 9
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah:
Sungai Barito at Muara Laung; 0°35'34.6"S
114°44'12.3"E; holotype: MZB 9304)
Hyalobagrus ornatus (Duncker, 1904)
Pseudobagrus ornatus Duncker, 1904: 173, pl. 2 fig. 13 (type
locality: Malaysia: Muar River near Tubing Tinggi; lec-
totype: ZMH 69 [ex 8654], designated by Ladiges et al.,
1958: 160)
Leiocassis Bleeker, 1857
Leiocassis Bleeker, 1857n: 473 (type species: Bagrus mi-
cropogon Bleeker, 1852c: 94, by monotypy; also in Blee-
ker, 1858e: 225, 1858g: 416; described in Bleeker, 1858j:
139). Gender feminine.
Liocassis Günther, 1864a: 86 (unjustified emendation of
Leiocassis Bleeker, 1858g: 416). Gender feminine.
Leiocassis aculeata Ng & Hadiaty, 2005
Leiocassis aculeatus Ng & Hadiaty, 2005: 84, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh province: Sungai
Soraya, tributary of Sungai Alas; holotype: MZB 8715)
Leiocassis collina Ng & Lim, 2006
Leiocassis collinus Ng & Lim, 2006: 166, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Danum Valley, Segama
River drainage, Sungai Palum Tambun, tributary of Sun-
gai Segama, upstream of Danum Valley Field Center;
holotype: ZRC 46154, Ng & Lim, 2008: 31, fig. 25)
Leiocassis hosii Regan, 1906
Liocassis Hosii Regan, 1906c: 67 (type locality: Malaysia:
Borneo: Sarawak: Sibu; syntypes [6]: BMNH
1906.10.29.18–22 [5], Ng & Hadiaty, 2005: 91, Ng &
Lim, 2006: 172)
Leiocassis micropogon (Bleeker, 1852)
Bagrus micropogon Bleeker, 1852c: 94 (type locality: In-
donesia: Belitung: Tjirutjup River; holotype [79 mm TL]:
RMNH 6873 [out of 2], Ng & Hadiaty, 2005: 91)
Liocassis saravacensis Boulenger, 1894a: 246 (type locali-
ty: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Senah; syntypes: BMNH
1893.3.6.168–169 [2], Ng & Hadiaty, 2005: 91)
Liocassis baramensis Regan, 1906c: 67 (type locality: Ma-
laysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Baram River; holotype: BMNH
1898.11.4.1, Ng & Hadiaty, 2005: 91)
Liocassis merabensis Regan, 1913c: 550 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Merabeh; syntypes: BMNH
1893.3.6.170–171 [2], Ng & Hadiaty, 2005: 91)
Liocassis doriae Regan, 1913c: 551 (type locality: Borneo
[Sarawak]; holotype: BMNH 1868.1.28.30, Ng & Had-
iaty, 2005: 91)
Leiocassis regani Jayaram, 1965: 9 (type locality: Malay-
sia: Borneo: Sarawak: Sadong; holotype: USNM 35732,
Jayaram, 1968: 353)
Taxonomic notes. Roberts (1993: 27) showed that Bagrus
poecilopterus Valenciennes (in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 431) is the species called L. micropogon by later
authors (a conclusion already reached by Bleeker, 1858j:
143). Roberts (1989: 117) tentatively treated a number of
nominal species as synonyms of L. poecilopterus. Ng &
Rachmatika (1999: 174) disagreed with Roberts's synony-
my and considered L. micropogon and L. poecilopterus to
be specifically distinct, but did not discuss the status of the
synonyms listed by Roberts. They are here tentatively listed
under L. micropogon on geographic ground. This requires
confirmation.
Leiocassis poeciloptera (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Va-
lenciennes, 1840)
Bagrus poecilopterus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1840a: 431 (type locality: Indonesia: Java: river
of Hèbak [Lebak]; syntypes: RMNH 3004 and speci-
men figured by Kuhl and van Hasselt, reproduced in
Roberts, 1993b: fig. 32)
Bagrus ramentosus Müller & Troschel, 1849: 7 (type local-
ity: "America" [erroneous]; syntypes: ZMB 2948 [1],
2949 [1], Paepke, 1999: 47)
Leiocassis chaseni de Beaufort, 1933: 34 (type locality:
Malaysia: Pahang: Ulu Jelai; holotype: ZRC 290, Al-
fred, 1970: 68, Ng & Lim, 2006: 171, 2008: 31, fig. 24)
Nomenclatural notes. Roberts (1993: 27) considered spec-
imen RMNH 3004 to be the holotype of Bagrus poecilopter-
us. Unless it can be demonstrated that this specimen is the
same as that illustrated by Kuhl and van Hasselt and men-
tioned by Valenciennes, the species is not based on a holo-
type but on a series of syntypes. Poecilopterus is a com-
pound adjective and has to agree in gender with the femi-
nine noun Leiocassis.
Leiocassis tenebrica Ng & Lim, 2006
Leiocassis tenebricus Ng & Lim, 2006: 169, fig. 3 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Kayan
River drainage, Sungei Nah, tributary of Kayan River
about 20 minutes upstream of confluence with Iwan Riv-
er, 1°57'43.2"N 115°06'35.4"E; holotype: MZB 10718)
Mystus Scopoli, 1777
Mystus Gronovius, 1763: 124, pl. 8a fig. 6 (not available,
name in a rejected work, ICZN, 1925: 27 [Opinion 89])
Mystus Scopoli, 1777: 451 (type species: Bagrus halepen-
sis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 413,
by subsequent designation by Jordan & Evermann, 1917:
21, 42, as ruled by ICZN, 2008: 237 [Opinion 2209]; on
Official List of Generic Names in Zoology; see Kotte-
lat & Ng, 2007). Gender masculine.
Aspidobagrus Bleeker, 1862c: 9 (type species: Pimelodus
gulio Hamilton, 1822: 201, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Hypselobagrus Bleeker, 1862c: 10 (type species: Bagrus
macronemus Bleeker, 1846a: 22, by original designa-
tion). Gender masculine.
Heterobagrus Bleeker, 1864b: 355 (type species: Hetero-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
262
bagrus bocourti Bleeker, 1864b: 355, by original desig-
nation). Gender masculine.
Prajadhipokia Fowler, 1934b: 338 (type species: Prajadhi-
pokia rex Fowler, 1934b: 339, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Mystus abbreviatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1840)
Bagrus abbreviatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1840a: 420 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holo-
type: RMNH 2942, Roberts, 1993b: 28, fig. 62)
Bagrus gulioides Bleeker, 1846a: 24 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes: part of RMNH
6862 [23]; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 152)
Bagrus melas Bleeker, 1846a: 24 (type locality: Indonesia:
Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU, probably lost; also in
Bleeker, 1846b: 152)
Bagrus Schlegelii Bleeker, 1846a: 25 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU, probably lost;
also in Bleeker, 1846b: 153)
Bagrus rhodopterygius Bleeker, 1846a: 25 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; types: LU, probably
lost; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 153)
Mystus alasensis Ng & Hadiaty, 2005
Mystus alasensis Ng & Hadiaty, 2005: 86, fig. 3 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh Province: Sungai Lem-
bang, Gunung Leuser National Park; holotype: MZB
8704)
Mystus albolineatus Roberts, 1994
Mystus albolineatus Roberts, 1994a: 245, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Thailand: Bangpakong basin: Prachinburi market;
holotype: CAS 79030)
Mystus armatus (Day, 1865)
Macrones armatus Day, 1865b: 289 (type locality: India:
Kerala: Cochin; syntypes: among ZSI 1084 [lost], BMNH
1865.7.17.21 [1], 1975.9.30.13 [1], NMW 45165, White-
head & Talwar, 1976: 157, Pethiyagoda et al., 2008b:
239, fig. 5a; also in Day, 1865c: 187 [as Hypselobagrus
armatus])
Distribution notes. Recorded from Tenasserim by Jayaram
& Sanyal (2003: 38), but identification seems unlikely con-
sidering that the species is otherwise known only from pen-
insular India. Although recorded from Manipur by Jayaram
& Sanyal, it is not listed by Vishwanath et al. (1999)
Mystus atrifasciatus Fowler, 1937
Mystus atrifasciatus Fowler, 1937: 146, figs. 35–37 (type
locality: Thailand: Pitsanulok; holotype: ANSP 67907,
Böhlke, 1984: 25)
Mystus bimaculatus (Volz, 1904)
Macrones bimaculatus Volz, 1904: 466 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Indragiri drainage: Sungei Si Russu,
Djapura / tributary of Kwantan [= upper Indragiri],
Djapura [see also Schneider, 1905: 28]; syntypes [5]:
MHNG 683.28, NMW 45166 [1], 45167 [1], Ferraris,
2007: 94)
Mystus bocourti (Bleeker, 1864)
Heterobagrus Bocourti Bleeker, 1864b: 355, pl. (type lo-
cality: "Siam" [Thailand: Chao Phraya in Bangkok; Ber-
tin & Estève, 1950a: 30]; holotype: MNHN 1553, Des-
outter, 1975: 455)
Prajadhipokia rex Fowler, 1934b: 339, figs. 3–4 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 60179,
Böhlke, 1984: 25)
Mystus castaneus Ng, 2002
Mystus castaneus Ng, 2002c: 163, fig. 2 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Serian market, from Sun-
gai Sadong; holotype: ZRC 41848, Ng & Lim, 2008:
33, fig. 26)
Mystus cineraceus Ng & Kottelat, 2009
Mystus cineraceus Ng & Kottelat, 2009: 245, fig. 1 (type
locality: Myanmar: Kachin State: lower 300 m of Nant
Yen Khang Chaung, affluent of Lake Indawgyi, little
south of Lonton village, 25°06'00"N 96°16'59"E; holo-
type: NRM 41017)
Mystus falcarius Chakrabarty & Ng, 2005
Mystus falcarius Chakrabarty & Ng, 2005: 13, fig. 7 (type
locality: Myanmar: Kachin State: Myitkyina market;
holotype: CAS 89001)
Mystus gulio (Hamilton, 1822)
Pimelodus gulio Hamilton, 1822: 201, 379, pl. 23 fig. 66
(type locality: India: "higher parts of the Gangetic estu-
aries"; types: NT)
Bagrus albilabris Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 416 (type locality: India: Calcutta, Bengal and
Pondichery / Sri Lanka [Trincomalee harbour; Bertin &
Estève, 1950a: 26]; syntypes: MNHN A.8967 [6], A.9009
[1], 4172 [1], 4336 [2], Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 26)
Bagrus fuscus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a:
417 (type locality: India: brackish pools near Cananor;
holotype: MNHN 590, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 27)
Bagrus birmannus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 419 (type locality: Burma: Irrawaddy River [at
Rangoon; Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 27]; holotype: MNHN
577, Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 27, Ferraris, 2007: 95)
Silurus porosus Hora, 1933: 133 (not available, name listed
in synonymy)
Mystus impluviatus Ng, 2003
Mystus impluviatus Ng, 2003b: 373, fig. 1 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: small river on
road 12.2 km from Sebulu crossroads towards forest and
59 km from Air Putih crossroads; 0°16'S 117°00'E; ho-
lotype: CAS 97049)
Mystus leucophasis (Blyth, 1860)
Bagrus leucophasis Blyth, 1860b: 148 (type locality: Bur-
ma: Sitang and other Burmese rivers; syntypes: ? AMS
B.7925 [1], Ferraris, 2007: 96)
Mystus multiradiatus Roberts, 1992
Mystus multiradiatus Roberts, 1992d: 82, fig. 3b (type lo-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
263
cality: Thailand: Prachinburi market; holotype: CAS
76119)
Mystus mysticetus Roberts, 1992
Mystus mysticetus Roberts, 1992d: 84, fig. 3c (type locali-
ty: Thailand: Nakorn Phanom market; holotype: CAS
76121)
Mystus ngasep Darshan, Vishwanath, Mahanta Barat,
2011
Mystus ngasep Darshan, Vishwanath, Mahanta Barat, 2011:
2178, fig. 1 (type locality: India: Manipur: Irrawaddy
drainage, Nambul River at Bijoygovinda-Polemleikai
Bridge, 24°48'N 93°55’E; holotype: MUMF 9500)
Mystus nigriceps (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1840)
Bagrus nigriceps Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 412 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype:
RMNH 2948, Ng, 2002c: 166 [invalid neotype designa-
tion by Roberts, 1993b: 29])
Bagrus micracanthus Bleeker, 1846a: 23 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; neotype [106 mm TL]:
RMNH 15857, designated by Roberts, 1989: 121 [des-
ignation might be invalid if some of the following are
syntypes: RMNH 5216 [29], AMS B.7574 [1], B.7979
[1], BMNH 1863.12.4.77 [1], NMV 46463 [1], Ferraris,
2007: 96; reasons of invalidation listed by Ng, 2002c:
166 are not correct]; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 151)
Taxonomic notes. Mystus keletius was described on mate-
rial from India and Java, which in fact belongs to two spe-
cies. A lectotype designation restricted the name to the Indi-
an species (Ng, 2002c: 166; Pethiyagoda et al., 2008: 238).
The Javanese material is Mystus nigriceps.
[Bagrus Keletius Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 411 (type
locality: India: Pondicherry; lectotype: MNHN A.9011, designated by
Ng, 2002c: 166, Pethiyagoda et al., 2008b: 239, fig. 4a)].
Mystus pulcher (Chaudhuri, 1911)
Macrones pulcher Chaudhuri, 1911b: 20, pl. 1 fig. 4 (type
locality: Burma: Bhamo; syntypes: ZSI F 4716–4719/1
[4], Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 126)
Mystus punctifer Ng, Wirjoatmodjo & Hadiaty, 2001
Mystus punctifer Ng, Wirjoatmodjo & Hadiaty, 2001b: 356,
fig. 1 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Aceh: Gunung
Leuser National Park, trail in Suag Belimbing Research
Station; holotype: MZB 8703)
Mystus rhegma Fowler, 1935
Mystus rhegma Fowler, 1935a: 102, fig. 27 (type locality:
Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 61748, Böhlke,
1984: 25)
Mystus rufescens (Vinciguerra, 1890)
Macrones rufescens Vinciguerra, 1890: 226, pl. 7 fig. 2 (type
locality: Burma: Meetan [Mitan Chaung, rivulet flow-
ing south from summit of Mulayet Taung, 16°11'N
98°32'E; Ng & Kottelat, 2001: 500]; holotype: MCSNG
14585, Tortonese, 1963a: 307)
Macrones bleekeri var. burmanicus Jenkins, 1910b: 138
(nomen nudum; locality: Burma: Bhamo)
Taxonomic notes. The type series of Macrones bleekeri
includes material from three localities, two in India and one
in Myanmar. At least two species are included, and the
Myanmar material is M. rufescens (Roberts, 1994: 246; Ng &
Kottelat, 2009: 249). The designation of a lectotype by Shar-
ma & Dutt (1983: 334) restricted the name to a species from
India (see Ng & Kottelat, 2009: 249).
[Macrones Bleekeri Day, 1877a: 451, pl. 101 fig. 1 (type locality: appar-
ently India: Sind: Jumna [Yamuna] [see discussion in Ng & Kottelat,
2009: 249; locality of lectotype not stated by Sharma & Dutt, 1983;
confirmed as Yamuna in Darshan et al., 2011: 2182]; lectotype: ZSI
1076, designated by Sharma & Dutt, 1983: 334 [designation of RMNH
3024 by Roberts (1994: 246) is not valid])].
Mystus singaringan (Bleeker, 1846)
Bagrus singaringan Bleeker, 1846a: 22 (type locality: In-
donesia: western Java [original type locality: Java: Bat-
avia [Jakarta]]; neotype: RMNH 2951, designated by
Roberts, 1994a: 253; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 150)
Bagrus macronemus Bleeker, 1846a: 22 (type locality: In-
donesia: western Java [original type locality: Java: Bat-
avia [Jakarta]]; neotype: RMNH 2951, designated by
Roberts, 1994a: 253 [designation might be invalid if
SMNS 10571 [2] are really syntypes, Fricke, 1991: 8];
junior primary homonym of Bagrus macronemus Ran-
zani, 1841a: 65 [also 1841b: 116, 1842a: 334, pl. 28];
simultaneous objective synonym of Bagrus singaringan
Bleeker, 1846a: 22, first reviser [Roberts, 1994a: 252]
gave precedence to B. singaringan; also in Bleeker,
1846b: 150)
Bagrus heterurus Bleeker, 1846a: 23 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: western Java [original type locality: Java: Batavia
[Jakarta]]; neotype: RMNH 2951, designated by Rob-
erts, 1994a: 253; simultaneous objective synonym of
Bagrus singaringan Bleeker, 1846a: 22, first reviser
[Roberts, 1994a: 252] gave precedence to B. singarin-
gan; also in Bleeker, 1846b: 151)
Taxonomic notes. The fish earlier called M. micracanthus
(Bleeker, 1846) actually is M. nigriceps (Roberts, 1993b:
29); the fish earlier called M. nigriceps has been called
M. macronema (Bleeker, 1846) by Roberts (1993: 28) and
actually is M. singaringan (Bleeker, 1846) (Roberts, 1994a:
253).
Mystus velifer Ng, 2012
Mystus velifer Ng, 2012b: 59, figs. 1, 5 (type locality: Cam-
bodia: Kompong Thom Province: Tonlé Sap at exit to
Great Lake, 4 km NW of Chhnok Trou, at Kompong
Thom fishing lot 2; holotype: UMMZ 232733)
Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794)
Silurus vittatus Bloch, 1794: 50, pl. 371 fig. 2 (type locali-
ty: India: Tranquebar [Tharangambadi, 11°01'37"N
79°51'E]; holotype: ZMB 2939, Paepke, 1999: 48)
Mystus vittatus horai Jayaram, 1954: 536, fig. 4, pl. 19 (type
locality: India: Indus River, Kalabagh; syntypes: ZSI [4])
Silurus quadrivittatus Hora, 1933: 133 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Taxonomic notes. Included on the basis of various litera-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
264
ture records from Myanmar, e.g. by Jayaram & Sanyal (2003:
115), although presence seems doubtful (see Roberts, 1992d:
81). Mystus carcio and M. tengara are sometimes consid-
ered to be synonyms but are valid species (Darshan et al.,
2010).
[Pimelodus carcio Hamilton, 1822: 181, 377 [pl. 23 fig. 60, erroneously
labelled P. batasius; Day, 1871a: 200, Hora, 1929a: 182, Jayaram,
1954: 538] (type locality: India: "ponds of northern parts of Bengal";
types: NT)].
[Pimelodus Batasius Hamilton, 1822: pl. 23 fig. 60 (alternative name for
Pimelodus carcio Hamilton, 1822: 181; first reviser not researched)].
[Pimelodus tengara Hamilton, 1822: 183, 377, pl. 3 fig. 61 (type locality:
"ponds of India" ["stagnis Bengala inferioris", ponds of lower Ben-
gal; Hora, 1949: 70; Goalpara, Mukerji, in Darshan et al., 2013: 3539];
types: NT)].
Mystus wolffii (Bleeker, 1851)
Bagrus Wolffii Bleeker, 1851l: 205 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; holotype
[131 mm TL]: RMNH 6866, Ng, 2004g: 887 [not BMNH
1863.12.4.94, listed by Desoutter, 1975: 447])
Mystus armiger Ng, 2004g: 883, fig. 1 (type locality: Ma-
laysia: Kelantan: Kelantan River at Kampung Kuala
Besar, 200 m from sea; 6°12'N 102°12'E; holotype: CAS
218896)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Ng (2012a).
Nanobagrus Mo, 1991
Nanobagrus Mo, 1991: 125, 143 (type species: Akysis ar-
matus Vaillant, 1902: 64, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Nanobagrus armatus (Vaillant, 1902)
Akysis armatus Vaillant, 1902: 64, fig. 10 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Mahakam River
at Tepoe ["3 hours upstream of Melak by steamer", Nieu-
wenhuis, 1900: 354; based on Nieuwenhuis' map appar-
ently today's Tering Lama [Tring]; about 0°04'10"S
115°38'40"E]; holotype: RMNH 7844, Roberts, 1989:
117)
Nanobagrus fuscus (Popta, 1904)
Liocassis fuscus Popta, 1904: 186 (type locality: Indonesia:
Borneo: Kalimantan Timur: Upper Mahakam; holotype:
RMNH 7555; also in Popta, 1906: 52, pl. 3 fig. 10)
Nanobagrus immaculatus Ng, 2008
Nanobagrus immaculatus Ng, 2008a: 93, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: blackwater
stream about 14 km northwest of Palangkaraya,
2°05'06"S 113°46'23"E; holotype: MZB 10720)
Nanobagrus lemniscatus Ng, 2010
Nanobagrus lemniscatus Ng, 2010c: 61, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: Malaysia: Terengganu: Sungai Terengganu drainage:
unnamed stream 5 km from Kuala Brang in the direction
of Kuala Terengganu, 5°04'25.0"N 103°03'19.8"E; ho-
lotype: ZRC 51981)
Nanobagrus nebulosus Ng & Tan, 1999
Nanobagrus nebulosus Ng & Tan, 1999: 357, fig. 3a (type
locality: Malaysia: Johor: Sungai Kahang and tributary
about 44.4 km from Mersing turnoff to Kluang just be-
fore side road to Endau Rompin Taman Negara, km 96
from Mersing to Batu Pahat; 2°03.93'N 103°31.58'E;
holotype: ZRC 42600, Ng & Lim, 2008: 34, fig. 27)
Nanobagrus stellatus Tan & Ng, 2000
Nanobagrus stellatus Tan & Ng, 2000: 278, fig. 5a (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi Province: Sungai
Alai; holotype: MZB 9306)
Nanobagrus torquatus Thomson, López & Hadiaty, in
Thomson, López, Hadiaty & Page, 2008
Nanobagrus torquatus Thomson, López & Hadiaty, in
Thomson, López, Hadiaty & Page, 2008: 68, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Sumatera Selatan: Air Ram-
bang about 80 km southwest of Palembang, Musi River
drainage, 3°33'02"S 104°15'50"E; holotype: MZB
15315)
Olyra M'Clelland, 1842
Olyra M'Clelland, 1842a: 588 (type species: Olyra longi-
caudata M'Clelland, 1842a: 588, by subsequent desig-
nation by Gill, 1861h: 51). Gender feminine [a classical
Latin noun, Code art. 30.1.2].
Taxonomic notes. Earlier placed in a separate family Olyr-
idae.
Olyra burmanica Day, 1872
Olyra burmanica Day, 1872: 711 (type locality: Burma: Pegu
Yoma [range]; lectotype: AMS B.7560 [1], designated
by Jayaram, 1980: 19)
Olyra horae (Prashad & Mukerji, 1929)
Amblyceps horae Prashad & Mukerji, 1929: 173, fig. 1, pl. 7
fig. 1 (type locality: Burma: Lake Indawgyi near Loi-
non; holotype: ZSI F 10854/1, Menon & Yazdani, 1968:
126; horae is correct original spelling [Code art. 31.1.1
and Example], horai is either an incorrect subsequent
spelling or an unjustified emendation)
Olyra longicaudata M'Clelland, 1842
Olyra longicaudatus M'Clelland, 1842a: 588, pl. 21 fig. 1
(type locality: India: "Khasya, Boutan, and Mishmee
Collections" [p. 586]; holotype: lost [p. 574]; invalid
neotype designation [need not justified, 3 'neotypes'] by
Arunachalam et al., 2013: 56, fig. 6; spelt O. longicau-
data p. 574)
Olyra elongata Günther, 1883: 140 (type locality: Burma:
Tenasserim; syntypes: BMNH 1880.12.1.64–67 [7 ?],
Ferraris, 2007: 97)
? Heptapterus Collettii Steindachner, 1881b: 98 (type lo-
cality: Argentina: water bodies near Maldonado or from
the La Plata ?" [erroneous, see Bockmann & de Pinna,
2004: 665]; syntypes: NMW 46191 [2], Bockmann &
de Pinna, 2004: 666, fig. 1, Ferraris, 2007: 99; also in
Steindachner, 1882: 7, pl. 5 fig. 1)
Olyra kempi Chaudhuri, 1912: 443, pl. 41 figs. 4–4b (type
locality: India: Assam: Dishnor River, Mangaldai Dis-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
265
trict, Assam–Bhutan frontier; syntypes [5]: ZSI F 5387/
1 [1], Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 131)
Nomenclatural notes. Arunachalam et al. (2013: 56) des-
ignated a neotype for Olyra longicaudata. This designation
is invalid since it does not satisfy the requirements of Code
art. 75.3 (justification not explained, need not stated). Fur-
ther, 3 specimens are listed as "neotype" (p. 56), which is
also incorrect.
Pseudomystus Jayaram, 1968
Pseudomystus Jayaram, 1968: 359 (subgenus of Leiocassis
Bleeker, 1858g: 416; type species Bagrus stenomus Va-
lenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 415, by
original designation). Gender masculine.
Pseudomystus bomboides Kottelat, 2000
Pseudomystus bomboides Kottelat, 2000a: 77, fig. 69 (type
locality: Laos: Vientiane Province: Mekong basin: con-
fluence of Nam Leuk and Nam Ngong [error for Nam
Gnong]; 18°22'04"N 103°05'27"E; holotype: ZRC
45426, Ng & Lim, 2008: 35, fig. 28)
Pseudomystus breviceps (Regan, 1913)
Liocassis breviceps Regan, 1913c: 551 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sumatra: Deli [Medan]; syntypes [3]: BMNH
1889.11.12.64–65 [2], Ng & Lim, 2005: 14)
Pseudomystus carnosus Ng & Lim, 2005
Pseudomystus carnosus Ng & Lim, 2005: 7, fig. 5 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Sukadana; holotype:
RMNH 15859)
Pseudomystus flavipinnis Ng & Rachmatika, 1999
Pseudomystus flavipinnis Ng & Rachmatika, 1999: 175,
fig. 5 (type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan
Barat: Sungai Embaloh at Benua Martinus; holotype:
MZB 6593)
Pseudomystus fumosus Ng & Lim, 2005
Pseudomystus fumosus Ng & Lim, 2005: 11, fig. 6 (type
locality: Malaysia: Pahang: Taman Negara, Kuala Tah-
an; holotype: ZRC 3229, Ng & Lim, 2008: 37, fig. 29)
Pseudomystus funebris Ng, 2010
Pseudomystus funebris Ng, 2010a: 87, fig. 1 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah: Rungan River
drainage in the vicinity of Tangkiling, 2°01'S 113°44'E;
holotype: MZB 17181)
Pseudomystus heokhuii Lim & Ng, 2008
Pseudomystus heokhuii Lim & Ng, 2008: 38, fig. 1 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Jambi: Batang Hari drain-
age at Rantau Panjang; holotype: MZB 10717)
Pseudomystus inornatus (Boulenger, 1894)
Liocassis inornatus Boulenger, 1894a: 245 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Senah; holotype: BMNH
1893.3.6.179, Ferraris, 2007: 104)
Pseudomystus leiacanthus (Weber & de Beaufort, 1912)
Leiocassis leiacanthus Weber & de Beaufort, 1912a: 536,
pl. 11 fig. 1 (type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra: Taluk on
upper Kuantan River / Ringat on lower Kuantan River;
syntypes: ZMA 112.671 [1], 112.672 [1], Nijssen et al.,
1993: 223)
Pseudomystus mahakamensis (Vaillant, 1902)
Leiocassis mahakamensis Vaillant, 1902: 55, figs. 4–5 (type
locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Mahakam River at Tepoe
["3 hours upstream of Melak by steamer", Nieuwenhuis,
1900: 354; based on Nieuwenhuis' map apparently to-
day's Tering Lama [Tring]; about 0°04'10"S 115°38'40"E];
syntypes: RMNH 7838 [2], Ng & Siebert, 2005: 6, fig. 2)
Pseudomystus moeschii (Boulenger, 1890)
Liocassis moeschii Boulenger, 1890: 39 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Deli [Medan]; lectotype: BMNH
1889.11.12.66, designated by Ng & Lim, 2005: 14, Ng &
Rachmatika, 1999: 179, Grant, 2009: 25, figs. 10–11)
Pseudomystus myersi (Roberts, 1989)
Leiocassis myersi Roberts, 1989: 117, fig. 92 (type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: stream flowing
into Kapuas River, northeast of Gunung Setunggul,
53 km northwest of Sintang, about 0°24'N 11°51'E; ho-
lotype: MZB 3588)
Pseudomystus robustus (Inger & Chin, 1959)
Leiocassis robustus Inger & Chin, 1959: 290, fig. 48 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Kinabatangan Dis-
trict: Kinabatangan River at Deramakot; holotype:
FMNH 68001)
Pseudomystus rugosus (Regan, 1913)
Liocassis rugosus Regan, 1913c: 552 (type locality: Malay-
sia: Borneo: Sarawak: Poeh; holotype: BMNH 1893.3.
6.172)
Pseudomystus siamensis (Regan, 1913)
Liocassis siamensis Regan, 1913c: 550 (type locality: Thai-
land: Bangpakong River; holotype: BMNH 1897.10.8.126)
Leiocassis bicolor Fowler, 1934a: 95, fig. 43 (type locality:
Thailand: Chiang Mai; holotype: ANSP 59284, Böhlke,
1984: 25)
Leiocassis albicollaris Fowler, 1934b: 337, fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP 60178,
Böhlke, 1984: 25)
Leiocassis albicollis Jayaram, 1968: 367 (not available, name
listed in synonymy; refers to Fowler, 1939b: 58 but no
species described under that name)
Pseudomystus sobrinus Ng & Freyhof, 2005
Pseudomystus sobrinus Ng & Freyhof, 2005: 745, fig. 1
(type locality: Vietnam: Phu Yen Province: stream about
15 km south of Tuy Hoa, 12°53'05"N 109°23'70"E; ho-
lotype: ZFMK 27167)
Pseudomystus stenogrammus Ng & Siebert, 2005
Pseudomystus stenogrammus Ng & Siebert, 2005: 2, fig. 1
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
266
(type locality: Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah:
Sungai Laung at Desa Maruwei; holotype: MZB 6103)
Pseudomystus ornatus Ng & Siebert, 2005: 3, 4 [captions
of Figs. 1, 3a] (a simultaneous objective synonym of P.
stenogrammus Ng & Siebert, 2005: 2, obviously pub-
lished by inadvertence, first reviser [Ferraris, 2007: 104]
gave precedence to P. stenogrammus)
Pseudomystus stenomus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Va-
lenciennes, 1840)
Bagrus stenomus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 415 (type locality: Indonesia: Java; holotype:
RMNH 2986, Roberts, 1993b: 27, fig. 61, Grant, 2009:
16, figs. 1–2, 8)
Leiocassis Ellenriederii Bleeker, 1860h: 10 (type locality:
Indonesia: Sumatra: Lahat; syntypes [3, 105–120 mm
TL]: RMNH 6874 [2], BMNH 1863.12.4.156 [1], Grant,
2009: 16, figs. 3–5)
Pseudomystus vaillanti (Regan, 1913)
Liocassis vaillanti Regan, 1913c: 549 (based on Leiocassis
moeschii of Vaillant, 1902: 61, figs. 8–9; type locality:
Indonesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Barat: mouth of the
Raoen [Raun, 0°39'N 113°10'E]; holotype: RMNH 7840,
Ferraris, 2007: 105)
Rita Bleeker, 1853
Rita Bleeker, 1853o: 122 (type species: Rita buchanani Blee-
ker, 1853o: 123, by monotypy). Gender feminine.
Gogrius Day, 1867c: 563 (type species: Gogrius sykesii Day,
1867c: 563, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Rita sacerdotum Anderson, 1879
Rita sacerdotum Anderson, 1879: 864, pl. 79 fig. 3 (type
locality: Upper Burma: pagoda of Thingadaw [also Thee-
hadaw; ? 22°50'46"N 95°57'55"E], 3rd defile of Irrawad-
dy River [see Anderson, 1876: 24 for capture of the ho-
lotype]; holotype: BMNH 1875.8.4.7, Ferraris, 1999: 18,
fig. 2)
Sperata Holly, 1939
Macrones Duméril, 1856: 484 (type species: Bagrus lama-
rrii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840a: 407,
by monotypy; junior homonym of Macrones Newman,
1841: 33 in Coleoptera). Gender masculine.
Aoria Jordan, 1919c: 341 (replacement name for Macrones
Duméril, 1856: 484; junior homonym of Aoria Baly,
1863: 149 in Coleoptera). Gender feminine.
Sperata Holly, 1939 [15 Feb]: 143 (replacement name for
Macrones Duméril, 1856: 484). Gender feminine.
Aorichthys Wu, 1939 [Dec]: 131 (replacement name for
Aoria Jordan, 1919c: 341). Gender masculine.
Macronichthys White & Moy-Thomas, 1940: 505 (replace-
ment name for Aoria Jordan, 1919c: 341). Gender mas-
culine.
Osteobagrus Jayaram, 1954: 529, 547 (subgenus of Mystus Sco-
poli, 1777: 451; type species: Pimelodus aor Hamilton,
1822: 205, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Sperata acicularis Ferraris & Runge, 1999
Sperata acicularis Ferraris & Runge, 1999: 403, fig. 3 (type
locality: Myanmar: Yangon Div.: South Oak-ka-lar-pa
market; holotype: CAS 209024)
Sperata seenghala (Sykes, 1839)
Platystoma Seenghala Sykes, 1839a [May]: 164 (type lo-
cality: India: Deccan [Mota Mola River at Poona]; holo-
type: lost; also in Sykes, 1839b: 61, 1841: 371, pl. 65
fig. 2)
Bagrus aorinus Valenciennes, in Jacquemont, 1839 [after
October]: pl. 17 fig. 1 (type locality: India; holotype:
lost, Daget, 1984: 513; figure reproduced in Ferraris &
Runge, 1999: 419, fig. 8)
Bagrus Lamarrii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840a: 407, pl. 415 (type locality: India [Ganges River;
Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 26]; holotype: MNHN A.9343,
Bertin & Estève, 1950a: 26, Ferraris & Runge, 1999: 416)
Tachysurus La Cepède, 1803
Tachysurus La Cepède, 1803: 150 (type species: Tachysu-
rus sinensis La Cepède, 1803: 151, by monotypy; pro-
posal to give precedence to Pseudobagrus Bleeker,
1858j: 60 rejected by ICZN, 2011: 152 [Opinion 2274]).
Gender masculine.
Pseudobagrus Bleeker, 1858j: 60 (type species: Bagrus
aurantiacus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 227, by mono-
typy [p. 65]). Gender masculine.
Rhinobagrus Bleeker, 1864d: 7 (type species Rhinobagrus
dumerili Bleeker, 1864d: 7, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine.
Pelteobagrus Bleeker, 1864d: 9 (type species: Silurus cal-
varius Basilewsky, 1855: 241, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Adelopeltis Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 189, 190 (type spe-
cies: Adelopeltis angusticeps Dabry de Thiersant, 1872:
189, designated by Ferraris, 2007: 107). Gender feminine.
Fluvidraco Jordan & Fowler, 1903b: 904 (type species:
Pseudobagrus ransonnettii Steindachner, in Steindachner
& Döderlein, 1887: 287, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Nasocassis Nichols, 1925f: 1 (subgenus of Leiocassis Blee-
ker, 1858g: 416; type species: Liocassis longirostris
Günther, 1864a: 87, by original designation). Gender
feminine.
Dermocassis Nichols, 1925f: 1 (subgenus of Leiocassis
Bleeker, 1858g: 416; type species: Bagrus ussuriensis
Dybowski, 1872: 210, by original designation). Gender
feminine.
Nomenclatural notes. Validity of Tachysurus is discussed
by Ng & Kottelat (2007c, 2008d). A proposal to give prece-
dence to Pseudobagrus over Tachysurus was rejected by
the ICZN (2011: 152, Opinion 2274). Pelteobagrus is a jun-
ior synonym of Pseudobagrus (Ng & Freyhof, 2007: 14)
and Tachysurus. See also Ku et al. (2007).
Rhinobagrus is usually listed as a synonym of Leiocas-
sis. The type species of Rhinobagrus (R. dumerili) is a syn-
onym of L. longirostris, treated as a valid species of
Pseudobagrus by Mo (1991: 135) and others, and now in
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
267
Tachysurus. Rhinobagrus dumerili is usually listed as a jun-
ior synonym of L. longirostris (e.g. Lee & Kim, 1990: 132),
following Günther (1873b: 245) who listed them as pub-
lished in April 1864 and February 1864, respectively. In fact,
these dates are not the dates of publication but the dates at
which the respective manuscripts were completed (Bleeker,
1864d: 10; Günther, 1864a: vi). Rhinobagrus dumerili was
published between May and August 1864 and has prece-
dence over L. longirostris, published on 10 December 1864
(see Bibliography; Rendahl, 1927b: 2).
[Rhinobagrus dumerili Bleeker, 1864d [May–Aug.]: 7 (type locality:
China; holotype: ? MNHN)].
[Liocassis longirostris Günther, 1864a [10 Dec.]: 87 (type locality: Japan
[erroneous; China; Ferraris, 2007: 93]; holotype: BMNH 1862.11.1.1,
Ferraris, 2007: 93)].
Unavailable names
Pelteobagrus virgatus vinhensis Nguyen [T. T.], 1982: 26
(nomen nudum)
Leiocassis vinhensis Nguyen [T. T.], in Nguyen [V. H.],
2005a: 334, fig. 170 (not available; locality: Vietnam:
Song Ngan Pho, Lam Nghe An; material: VUP [2])
Nomenclatural notes. Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 334) listed
Nguyen [T. T.], 1983: 91) as author of Pseudobagrus vinh-
ensis. Nguyen (1983) is an unpublished thesis and the name
is not available from it. As the description in Nguyen [V.
H.] (2005a) is from Nguyen [T. T.] (1983), I treat the author
as Nguyen [T. T.], in Nguyen [V. H.]. The Code art. 16.1
requires that, after 1999, a new name must be explicitly in-
dicated as intentionally new. This is not the case for L. vinh-
ensis and the name is not available. Further, to be available,
a new specific name published after 1999 must be accom-
panied by the explicit designation of a holotype or syntypes
(art. 16.4). Nguyen [V. H.] (2005a) mentions that the de-
scription is based on two specimens but they are not men-
tioned as a holotype or syntypes.
Species inquirendae
Pelteobagrus tonkinensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 615, fig. 41
(type locality: Vietnam: vicinity of Hanoi; holotype:
NCNTTSI)
Leiocassis longispinalis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 617, fig. 42
(type locality: Vietnam: Lao Cai Province: Bao Thang
District: Gia Phu, Ngoi Bo; holotype: NCNTTSI; spelt
longispinnis p. 328, as first reviser I select longispinalis
as the correct original spelling)
Leiocassis brevirostris Nguyen [V. H.], 2005a: 619, fig. 43
(type locality: Vietnam: Lao Cai Province: Bat Sat Dis-
trict: Trinh Quyen stream; holotype: NCNTTSI)
Leiocassis yeni Nguyen [H. D.] & Nguyen [V. H.], in Ngu-
yen [V. H.], 2005a: 621, fig. 44 (type locality: Vietnam:
Nam Dinh Province: Giao Thien, Giao Thuy; holotype:
NCNTTSI)
Tachysurus crassilabris (Günther, 1864)
Liocassis crassilabris Günther, 1864a: 88 (type locality:
China; holotype: BMNH 1864.7.9.9, Ferraris, 2007: 92)
? Liocassis crassirostris Regan, 1913: 552 (type locality:
China: Sichuan: Kia-ting-fu [Loshan]; syntypes [2]:
BMNH 1891.6.13.23)
Leiocassis crassilabris macrops Nichols, 1926a: 2, fig. 2 (type
locality: China: Fujian: Min River, near Yenping [Yan-
ping; 26°51'50"N 117°50'50"E]; holotype: AMNH 8445)
Tachysurus fulvidraco (Richardson, 1846)
Pimelodus fulvi-draco Richardson, 1846a: 286 (type local-
ity: China: Canton; holotype: specimen on which is based
Reeves unpublished drawing, reproduced in Whitehead,
1970a: 210, pl. 1b and Ng & Kottelat, 2007c: 41, fig. 3a)
Taxonomic notes. Known in area from coastal drainages of
Guangxi. Records from Vietnam apparently refer to one or
more of the species listed as species inquirendae.
Tachysu-
rus sinensis La Cepède, 1803 is sometimes listed as a syn-
onym but is a distinct species; Pimelodus tachisurus is a syn-
onym. Silurus calvarius and Pseudobagrus wittenburgii are
tentative synonyms of T. sinensis (Ng & Kottelat, 2007c: 37).
[Tachysurus sinensis La Cepède, 1803: 151, pl. 5 fig. 2 (type locality:
China: Beijing: Huairou County: Huairou Reservoir, approx. 2 km
northeast of observatory, 40°19'00"N 116°37'31"E [original type lo-
cality: China]; neotype: USNM 336888, designated by Ng & Kotte-
lat, 2007c: 37, fig. 1, 2008d: 154].
[Pimelodus tachisurus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b:
163 (unnecessary replacement name for Tachysurus sinensis La
Cepède, 1803: 151)].
[? Silurus calvarius Basilewsky, 1855: 241, pl. 9 fig. 1 (type locality: Chi-
na: running and stagnant waters of Gulf of Tschili; types: ? ZISP)].
[? Pseudobagrus Wittenburgii Popta, 1911b: 335, fig. (type locality: Rus-
sia: Blagoweschtensk a. Amur ["Blagoweschtensk on Amur";
Blagoveshch; 50°16'N 127°32'E]; syntypes: SMNS 4390 [2], Fricke,
1995: 5)].
Tachysurus intermedius (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Pseudobagrus intermedius Nichols & Pope, 1927: 331, fig. 5
(type locality: China: Hainan: Nodoa; holotype: AMNH 8360)
? Aoria henryi Herre, 1932b: 432 (type locality: China: Can-
ton [Guangzhou] fish market; holotype: CAS-SU 25724,
Böhlke, 1953: 42)
Tachysurus kyphus (Mai, 1978)
Pseudobagrus kyphus Mai, 1978: 261, fig. 119 (type local-
ity: Vietnam [Thai Nguyen Province: Dai Tu District:
Ky Phu stream; Kottelat, 2001a: 108, Watanabe et al.,
2002: 385]; syntypes: DVZUT, ASIZB 72830, Watanabe
et al., 2002: 385, fig. 1)
Tachysurus nubilosus (Ng & Freyhof, 2007)
Pseudobagrus nubilosus Ng & Freyhof, 2007: 10, fig. 1 (type
locality: Vietnam: Binh Dinh Province: Nuoc Choc
stream, tributary of Song Vinh Thanh about 60 km north-
west of Qui Nhon, 14°12'37.2"N 108°45'42.6"E; holo-
type: UMMZ 246370)
Tachysurus spilotus Ng, 2009
Tachysurus spilotus Ng, 2009d: 17, fig. 1 (type locality:
Vietnam: Da Nang province: Song Thuy Loan drainage,
Suoi Mo, Ba Na foothills, 16°00'28.8"N 108°02'35.0"E;
holotype: ZRC 51722)
Tachysurus vachellii (Richardson, 1846)
Bagrus vachellii Richardson, 1846a: 284 (type locality:
China: Chekiang [Zhejiang] [original type locality: Chi-
na: Canton]; neotype: BMNH 1855.3.27.9, designated
by Jayaram, 1968: 300 [holotype: UMZC, lost, White-
head & Joysey, 1967: 130])
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
268
Order OSMERIFORMES
Family PLECOGLOSSIDAE
Plecoglossus altivelis chinensis Wu & Shan, in Shan, Wu &
Kang, 2005: 63, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Shandong:
Qingdao, Baisha River; holotype: OUC 79803030)
Taxonomic notes. Based on published data (especially
Nishida, 1988, Shan et al., 2005), I consider the Ryukyu
'subspecies' as a valid species, P. ryukyuensis. The status of
the Japanese and Chinese 'subspecies' should be re-evaluat-
ed, using more populations from China and Korea.
[Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis Nishida, 1988: 236, fig. 1 (type local-
ity: Japan: Ryukyu Islands: Amami-oshima Island, Sumiyo River,
27°16.0'N 129°24.5'E; holotype: URM P18462)].
Taxonomic notes. See comment on family-level classifica-
tion under Salangidae.
Plecoglossus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846
Plecoglossus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 229 (subgenus
of Salmo Linnaeus, 1758: 308; type species: Salmo al-
tivelis Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 229, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Salmo altivelis Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 229, pl. 105
fig. 1 (type locality: Japan; lectotype: RMNH 3179a,
designated by Boeseman, 1947: 170)
Family SALANGIDAE
Taxonomic notes. Revised by Roberts (1984), based on a
limited number of samples, so that the identity of several
taxa is still not clear. The geographic distribution of the spe-
cies recognised by Roberts is usually not given (and cannot
be reconstructed from the literature) and the following spe-
cies are tentatively recognised as occurring in area.
Salangidae is considered by some to be a tribe Salangini
and sister-group of Osmerini. Together they would form the
subfamily Osmerinae in the family Osmeridae, with Pleco-
glossinae and Hypomesinae being two additional subfami-
lies (Johnson & Patterson, 1996). In this system, Osmeridae
is the only family of the Superfamily Osmeroidea. Treating
the three subfamilies and the two tribes as families within
Osmeroidea is equivalent and allows the family level clas-
sification in current use to be retained; I see no reason not to
retain it.
Neosalanx Wakiya & Takahasi, 1937
Neosalanx Wakiya & Takahasi, 1937: 282 (type species:
Neosalanx jordani Wakiya & Takahasi, 1937: 282, by
original designation). Gender masculine.
Microsalanx Zhang, Li, Xu, Takita & Wei, 2007: 337 (not
available, no type species designated, Code art. 13.3)
Neosalanx brevirostris (Pellegrin, 1923)
Protosalanx brevirostris Pellegrin, 1923: 351 (type locali-
ty: Vietnam: Tonkin ["abundant in Hanoï"]; syntypes:
MNHN 1922-0184–0189 [6])
? Salanx argentea Lin, 1932a: 63 (type locality: China:
Guangdong: Sanchang stream / Heungchow Bay /
Guangdong market; syntypes: ? FESC [7])
Protosalanx brevirostralis Fang, 1934a: 232, 236, 240 (in-
correct subsequent spelling of Protosalanx brevirostris
Pellegrin, 1923: 351)
Taxonomic notes. Neosalanx hubbsi is treated as a synonym
of N. brevirostris by Roberts (1984: 212) and as valid by,
e.g., Kim & Park (2007: 271). Protosalanx tangkahkeii is
treated as a synonym of N. brevirostris by Roberts (1984:
212) but is treated as valid by most recent authors (e.g. Zhang
et al., 2007: 336).
[Protosalanx tangkahkeii Wu, 1931b: 219 (type locality: China: Amoï
[Amoy, Xiamen]; syntypes [3]: ? MNHN)].
[Neosalanx hubbsi Wakiya & Takahasi, 1937: 284, pl. 17 figs. 9–10, pl. 21
figs. h1–h2 (type locality: China: Tien-tsin and Swatow [Shantou] /
Korea: Orykkô (Yalu River), Daidôkô (Tadon River) and Kanko (Han
River); syntypes: UMMZ 180146 [1])].
? Adelopeltis laticeps Dabry de Thiersant, 1872: 190, pl. 48
fig. 5 (type locality: China: Yang-tsee-kiang [Yangtze];
types: ? MNHN)
Pseudobagrus chinensis Wu, 1930b: 53, fig. 4 (type locali-
ty: China: Sichuan; holotype: ? SSCN)
? Pseudobagrus fangi Wu, 1930a: 84, fig. 8 (type locality:
China: Sichuan: Kiating [Loshan]; holotype: MMNHN)
? Pseudobagrus wui Miao, 1934: 210, fig. 42 (type locali-
ty: China: Jiangsu: Chinkiang [Zhenjiang, Jingjiang];
holotype: SSCN 12495)
Tachysurus virgatus (Oshima, 1926)
Aoria virgatus Oshima, 1926: 4 (type locality: China: Hain-
an: Kachek River, about 40 miles above Kachek; holo-
type: LU)
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269
Parasalanx Regan, 1908
Parasalanx Regan, 1908f: 444 (type species: Parasalanx
gracillimus Regan, 1908f: 446, by subsequent designa-
tion by Jordan, 1920: 530). Gender masculine.
Reganisalanx Fang, 1934b: 508 (type species: Reganisa-
lanx normani Fang, 1934b: 509, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. This genus has often been called Sa-
lanx (e.g. Wakiya & Takahasi, 1937: 286, Roberts, 1984: 206,
Zhang & Qiao, 1994: 103, Zhang et al., 2007: 334). In fact,
the type species of Salanx is L. reevesii, therefore
Salanx is
the name of the genus including L. reevesii. The valid name
of the genus including S. ariakensis and S. cuvieri is
Para-
salanx, whose type species is P. gracillimus, which is tenta-
tively considered to be a synonym of P. cuvieri (Roberts,
1984: 207) or P. ariakensis (Wakiya & Takahasi, 1937: 288).
Parasalanx cuvieri (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1850)
Salanx Cuvieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1850: 360 (type locality: unknown; holotype: MNHN
A.9900, Bertin, 1940: 308, Roberts, 1984: 207, fig. 2a)
? Parasalanx gracillimus Regan, 1908f: 446 (type locality:
China: Shanghai; holotype: BMNH 1891.1.31.20, Rob-
erts, 1984: 207)
Parasalanx angusticeps Regan, 1908f: 446 (type locality:
China; holotype: BMNH 1855.9.19.1539, Roberts, 1984:
207)
Parasalanx cantonensis Herre, 1932b: 425 (type locality:
China: Canton [Guangdong]; holotype: CAS-SU 25732,
Böhlke, 1953: 16, Roberts, 1984: 207)
Taxonomic notes. The map in Zhang & Qiao (1994: 107)
shows that part of the records of S. cuvieri in area would be
S. ariakensis. In the absence of explicit data, this species is
not included here.
[(Salanx ariakensis Kishinouye, in Jordan & Snyder, 1902c: 592 (type
locality: Japan: Kyushu Island: weir in Ariake Sea; syntypes [2]: LU)].
Protosalanx Regan, 1908
Protosalanx Regan, 1908f: 444 (type species: Salanx hy-
alocranius Abbott, 1901: 491, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Paraprotosalanx Fang, 1934a: 246 (type species: Protosa-
lanx anderssoni Rendahl, 1923: 92, by monotypy; mis-
identified type species, in fact Eperlanus chinensis Ba-
silewsky, 1855: 242, according to Roberts, 1984: 205;
type species here fixed as Protosalanx anderssoni
Rendahl, 1923: 32, under Code art. 70.3.1). Gender mas-
culine.
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy based on generic position of
the type species of Paraprotosalanx. See molecular phy-
logeny of Zhang et al. (2007).
Protosalanx chinensis (Basilewsky, 1855)
Eperlanus chinensis Basilewsky, 1855: 242 (type locality:
China: Gulf of Tschili; types: ? ZISP)
Salanx hyalocranius Abbott, 1901: 490, fig. (type locality:
China: Hebei: Pei-Ho River at Tien-Tsin; holotype:
USNM [ex CAS-SU 6305], Böhlke, 1953: 16)
Salanx Cuvier, 1816
Albula Osbeck, 1765: 309 (type species: Albula chinensis
Osbeck, 1765: 309, by monotypy; senior homonym of
Albula Scopoli, 1777: 450; declared a nomen oblitum
by Kottelat, 2001a: 57, under Code art. 23.9.2, but dec-
laration repeated here because of problem discussed
above under Albula Scopoli, 1777; translated in Osbeck,
1771: 385 [contrary to statements in literature, Osbeck
(1765, 1771) consistently used binominal nomenclature
and names are available from this work]). Gender femi-
nine.
Salanx Cuvier, 1816a: 185 (type species: Leucosoma reevesii
Gray, 1831b: 4, by subsequent designation, apparently
by Jordan & Evermann, 1917: 99; no species originally
included, first inclusion by Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1850: 360). Gender masculine.
Leucosoma Gray, 1831b: 4 (type species: Leucosoma reevesii
Gray, 1831b: 4, by monotypy; objective junior synonym
of Salanx Cuvier, 1816a: 185). Gender neuter.
Nomenclatural notes. This genus has been called Leuco-
soma (e.g. Wakiya & Takahasi, 1937: 290, Roberts, 1984:
216, Zhang & Qiao, 1994: 103, Zhang et al., 2007: 334).
The confusion seems to go back to Fang (1934b: 506) and
Wakiya & Takahasi (1937: 286), who considered that the
type species of Salanx is S. cuvieri. In fact, the type species
of Salanx is L. reevesii. Cuvier (1816a: 185) included a sin-
gle species in Salanx but he did not use a species name for
it; because it has no name it cannot be the type species. The
first author to use species names in combination with
Salanx was Valenciennes (in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850)
who included S. cuvieri (p. 360) and S. reevesii (p. 363).
Valenciennes did not designate a type species. The first des-
ignation of a type species is by Jordan & Evermann (1917:
99) who designated L. reevesii, which is also the type spe-
cies of Leucosoma and therefore they are synonyms.
Salanx is the older name and has precedence. The valid name
for the genus called Salanx by, e.g. Wakiya & Takahasi
(1937) is Parasalanx.
Salanx reevesii (Gray, 1831)
? Albula chinensis Osbeck, 1757: 237 (not available, pre-
Linnean work)
? Albula chinensis Osbeck, 1765: 309 (type locality: China:
Canton; types: ? NT; translated in Osbeck, 1771: 385
[contrary to statements in literature, Osbeck (1765, 1771)
consistently used binominal nomenclature and names are
available from this work])
Leucosoma Reevesii Gray, 1831b: 4 (type locality: China:
Canton; syntypes: BMNH uncat. [1], ? MNHN 6372 [1],
Bertin, 1940: 308)
Taxonomic notes. Albula chinensis is sometimes treated as
the valid name for this species. The original description in-
cludes very limited information and in the absence of types
it is not possible to identify it objectively with a known spe-
cies. Its identity can be solved only by the designation of a
neotype.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
270
Order SALMONIFORMES
Family SALMONIDAE
S. gairdneri has been treated as a junior synonym of
O. mykiss, which has now established as the name for the
rainbow trout.
However, Russian taxonomists consider that the Pacific
salmons and the rainbow trouts are two distinct genera
(Oncorhynchus and Parasalmo, respectively) (e.g. Boguts-
kaya & Naseka, 2004: 154; Reshetnikov, 2002). They also
consider that O. mykiss is a species with a small distribution
range, restricted to Kamtschatka and distinct from the vari-
ous North American trouts. The cultivated rainbow trouts
should then be known as P. gairdneri. I conservatively re-
tain the name as O. mykiss, since the present work does not
seem the appropriate place to introduce such a change.
[Salmo gairdnerii Richardson, 1837: 221 (type locality: U.S.A.: "the Banks
of the Columbia"; types: NT)].
[Parasalmo Vladykov, 1963: 471 (not available, no type species designa-
tion)].
[Parasalmo Vladykov, in Vladykov & Gruchy, 1972: 1632 (subgenus of
Salmo Linnaeus, 1758: 308; type species: Salmo clarkii Richardson,
1837: 225, by original designation). Gender masculine].
Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861
Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861: 313 (subgenus of Salmo Lin-
naeus, 1758: 308; type species: Salmo scouleri Richard-
son, 1837: 158, by original designation). Gender mas-
culine.
*Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)
Salmo mykiss Walbaum, 1792: 59 (based on Mykiss of Pen-
nant, 1784: cxxvi; type locality: Russia: Kamtschatka;
types: NT)
Systematic notes. This species is widely introduced and
stocked worldwide and has become established in some ar-
eas. It is said to be "successfully" introduced in northern
Vietnam, but evidence of establishment is missing. The spe-
cies was long known as Salmo gairdnerii Richardson, 1837.
Smith & Stearley (1989) showed that it is more closely re-
lated to the Pacific salmons (genus Oncorhynchus) than to
the real trouts and Atlantic salmon (genus Salmo). It was
therefore transferred to the genus Oncorhynchus. Since then,
Order AULOPIFORMES
Family SYNODONTIDAE
Taxonomic notes. Besides the species listed below Trachi-
nocephalus miops is recorded from Sikao estuary (Trang,
Thailand) (Tongnunui et al., 2002a–b) but it is not clear if it
was inland or at sea.
[Trachinocephalus Gill, 1861a: 53 (type species: Salmo myops Schneider,
1801: 421, by monotypy). Gender masculine].
[Salmo Myops Schneider, 1801: 421 (type locality: Saint Helena Island;
types: NT ?)].
Harpadon Lesueur, 1825
Harpadon Lesueur, 1825a: 51 (subgenus of Salmo Linnaeus,
1758: 308; type species: Salmo microps Lesueur, 1825a:
48, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Harpodon Cuvier, 1829: 314 (incorrect subsequent spell-
ing of Harpadon Lesueur, 1825a: 51)
Triurus Swainson, 1839: 185, 288 (subgenus of Laurida
Swainson, 1838: 242, 246; type species: Triurus micro-
cephalus Swainson, 1839: 288, by monotypy; junior
homonym of Triurus La Cepède, 1800: 200 in Pisce).
Gender masculine.
Sauridichthys Bleeker, 1858o: 2 (type species: Saurus ophi-
odon Cuvier, 1829: 314, by monotypy). Gender mascu-
line.
Peltharpadon Fowler, 1934c: 281 (subgenus of Harpadon
Lesueur, 1825a: 51; type species: Harpodon squamosus
Alcock, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891: 127, by orig-
inal designation). Gender masculine.
Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822)
Osmerus nehereus Hamilton, 1822: 209, 380 (type locality:
India: Ganges River mouths / Vizagapatham [Visakhap-
atnam; Wana Motta of Russell, 1803b: pl. 181 [error for
171]]; syntypes: Hamilton's material [not preserved] and
model of figure in Russell; spelt neherius p. 380, ne-
hareus p. 210, first reviser not researched)
Salmo microps Lesueur, 1825a: 48, pl. 3 (type locality: East
Indian Seas; types: LU)
Saurus ophiodon Cuvier, 1829: 314 (based on Russell,
1803b: n° 171; type locality: India: Vizagapatham [Visa-
khapatnam]; types: material on which is based Russell,
1803b: 55, pl. 171 [Wanna Mottah])
Distribution notes. Records in inland waters from Myan-
mar (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850: 494;
Vidthayanon et al., 2006: 122) and from Sumatra. Saurus
ophiodon in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1850: 490) is not a
distinct name as the text explicitly refers to S. ophiodon
Cuvier, 1829. Record of H. translucens from the Mekong
delta seems erroneous as the species is presently known only
from Australia.
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271
[Harpodon translucens Saville-Kent, 1889a: 222, 234, pl. 13 fig. 2 (type
locality: Australia: Cambridge Gulf: Ord River; lectotype: AMS I.2772,
designated by Whitley, 1937: 121)].
Saurida Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850
Saurida Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850: 499
(type species: Salmo tumbil Bloch, 1795: 112, by subse-
quent designation by Jordan, Tanaka & Snyder, 1913:
53). Gender feminine.
Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795)
Salmo tumbil Bloch, 1795: 112, pl. 430 (type locality: In-
dia: not stated [Tranquebar, Tharangambadi, 11°01'37"N
79°51'E; Schneider, 1801: 405]; holotype: ZMB 32625
[1], Paepke, 1999: 147)
Saurus badi Cuvier, 1829: 314 (available by indication to
Russell, 1803b: n° 172; type locality: India: Vizagapa-
tham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype: specimen on which is
based Russell, 1803b: 56, pl. 172 [Badi Mottah])
Saurus Badimottah Rüppell, 1837: 77 (type locality: Gulf
of Suez; syntypes: SMF 1056 [1], 3070–3072 [3], 5404–
5405 [2] and specimen on which is based Russell, 1803b:
pl. 172).
Salmo tumbel Swainson, 1839: 288 (incorrect subsequent
spelling of Salmo tumbil Bloch, 1795: 112)
Saurus argyrophanes Richardson, 1846: 302 (type locality:
"most probably China seas"; holotype: specimen on
which is based Reeves' unpublished drawing, reproduced
in Whitehead, 1970a: 209, pl. 12b)
Saurida tombil Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1850: 500 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Salmo
tumbil Bloch, 1795: 112)
Saurida australis Castelnau, 1879: 393 (type locality: Aus-
tralia: Port Jackson; holotype: LU)
Saurida truculenta Macleay, 1881d: 219 [1884a: 2: 155]
(type locality: Australia: Port Jackson; holotype: AMS
I.6270-001 [ex MAMU F174], Stanbury, 1969: 205)
Saurida ferox Ramsay, 1883: 177 (type locality: Australia:
Port Jackson; holotype: AMS, lost, Eschmeyer, 2011)
Distribution notes. Inland water record from Singapore
mangroves (H. H. Tan, pers. comm.).
Order GADIFORMES
Family BREGMACEROTIDAE
Taxonomic notes. See Cohen et al. (1990: 16), D'Ancona
& Cavinato (1965) for revision. Synonymy commented by
Masuda et al. (1986: 398).
Bregmaceros Thompson, 1840
Bregmaceros Thompson, 1840: 185 (type species: Bregma-
ceros mcclellandi Thompson, 1840: 185, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Calloptilum Richardson, 1845a: 94 (type species: Callopti-
lum mirum Richardson, 1845a: 95, by monotypy). Gen-
der neuter.
Asthenurus Tickell, 1865: 32 (type species: Asthenurus
atripinnis Tickell, 1865: 32, by monotypy). Gender mas-
culine.
Bregmaceros mcclellandi Thompson, 1840
Bregmaceros Mcclellandi Thompson, 1840: 184, fig. (type
locality: India: Ganges Delta; syntypes [2]: lost, Torii et
al., 2003: 130; spelt mcclellandii in figure caption, first
reviser [apparently Eschmeyer et al., 1998: 1040] retained
mcclellandi)
Bregmaceros macclellandii Günther, 1862a: 368 (unjusti-
fied emendation of Bregmaceros mcclellandi Thompson,
1840: 184)
Asthenurus Atripinnis Tickell, 1865: 32, pl. 1 (type locality:
Burma: Arakan: Akhyab harbor and estuary of Koladyn
at Akyab; syntypes [4 or 5]: ZSI ?)
Bregmaceros atripinnis Day, 1870a: 522 (type locality: prob-
ably Myanmar; syntypes: NMW 43192 [1], 43196 [1],
RMNH 9563 [1], 10797 [1], ZMB 2001 [1], 4333 [1],
Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 158)
Order OPHIDIIFORMES
Family CARAPIDAE
Encheliophis Müller, 1842
Encheliophis Müller, 1842a: 205 (type species Encheliophis
vermicularis Müller, 1842a: 205, by monotypy; also in
Müller, 1842b: 323). Gender masculine.
Enchelyophis Müller, 1846: 177 (incorrect subsequent spell-
ing of Encheliophis Müller, 1842a: 205)
Oxybeles Richardson, 1846b: 73 (type species: Oxybeles
homei Richardson, 1846b: 74, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
272
Family BYTHITIDAE
Parabrosmolus Machida, 1996: 147 (type species: Parabros-
molus novaeguineae Machida, 1996: 148, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Schwarzhans et al.
(2005: 82).
Diancistrus typhlops Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Hadiaty,
2009
Diancistrus typhlops Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Hadiaty, 2009:
241, fig. 1 (type locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Sulawesi
Tenggara: Muna Island: Tongkuno District: Oempo vil-
lage, Walengkabola, Alam Moko cave, 5°10'27.5"S
122°35'00.6"E; holotype: MZB 17174)
Diancistrus Ogilby, 1899
Diancistrus Ogilby, 1899: 743 (type species: Diancistrus
longifilis Ogilby, 1899: 744, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Calcarbrotula Fowler, 1946: 193 (type species: Calcarbro-
tula erythraea Fowler, 1946: 193, by original designa-
tion). Gender feminine.
Brotulina Fowler, 1946: 195 (type species: Brotulina fusca
Fowler, 1946: 195, by original designation). Gender fem-
inine.
Oxybelus Bleeker, 1851e: 278 (incorrect subsequent spell-
ing of Oxybeles Richardson, 1846b: 73; spelt Oxijbelus
on plate)
Rhizoiketicus Vaillant, 1893d: 746 (type species: Rhizoiketi-
cus carolinensis Vaillant, 1893d: 746, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Jordanicus Gilbert, 1905: 656 (type species: Fierasfer um-
bratilis Jordan & Evermann, 1903: 206, by original des-
ignation). Gender masculine.
Encheliophiops Reid, 1940: 47 (type species: Encheliophi-
ops hancocki Reid, 1940: 47, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Species inquirenda
Fierasfer frantii Popta, 1912: 185 (type locality: Indonesia:
Sulawesi Tenggara: Muna Island: Raha, brackishwater
[4°52'S 122°43'E; see Elbert, 1911: map 3]; holotype:
SMF 6499, Eschmeyer, 2011; justified emendation trautii
in Table of content for vol. 34, Code arts.32.5.1.1, 32.2.2)
Taxonomic notes. A larval form of Encheliophis according
to Nielsen et al. (1999: 16).
Order BATRACHOIDIFORMES
Family BATRACHOIDIDAE
Taxonomic notes. See Greenfield et al. (2008) for system-
atics.
Allenbatrachus Greenfield, 1997
Encheliopus Jarocki, 1822: 307 (type species: Cottus grun-
niens of Bloch, 1786: 157, pl. 179 [= Cottus grunniens
Linnaeus, 1758: 264; Greenfield, 1997: 309], by mono-
typy; junior homonym of Encheliopus Cloquet, 1821:
456; not homonym of Encheliopus Walbaum, 1792: 583
[not available, part of work rejected, ICZN, 1910: 51,
Opinion 21], Enchelyopus Gronovius, 1760: 259 [not
available, work not consistently binominal], Enchelyo-
pus Klein, 1744: 52, 1775: 32 [not available, work not
consistently binominal] and Enchelyopus Bloch, in
Schneider, 1801: xxvi, 50 [one letter difference, Code
art. 56.2]). Gender masculine.
Allenbatrachus Greenfield, 1997: 307 (type species: Cottus
grunniens Linnaeus, 1758: 264, by original designation;
objective junior synonym of Encheliopus Jarocki, 1822:
307). Gender masculine.
Nomenclatural notes. Enchelyopus, established by Klein
(1744: 52, 1775: 32), is not available. Though used regular-
ly in the early literature, the name is not available before
Bloch. Cloquet (1821) used Encheliopus, with a diagnosis,
in a discussion of Klein's system, which makes the name
available. Because Bloch's Enchelyopus is not mentioned,
Cloquet's is not an emendation or an incorrect spelling, but
a distinct name, and a senior homonym of Encheliopus Jaroc-
ki (1822). To my knowledge Encheliopus Cloquet has not
been used since and no species has been included before.
I designate Gadus cimbrius as type species of Encheliopus
Cloquet. This makes Encheliopus Cloquet an objective jun-
ior synonym of Enchelyopus Bloch. This allows Allenbatra-
chus to be maintained.
If Encheliopus Cloquet is not accepted as an available
name, then Encheliopus Jarocki, 1822 would be a senior
synonym of Allenbatrachus. Encheliopus Jarocki cannot be
declared a nomen oblitum under Code art. 23.9.2, because
Allenbatrachus, since its description in 1997, has not yet
been been used in at least 25 works. Also, Encheliopus Jaroc-
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
273
ki is not a homonym of Enchelyopus Bloch, in Schneider,
1801, because they differ by one letter.
[Enchelyopus Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: xxvi, 50 (type species: Gadus
cimbrius Linné, 1766: 440, by subsequent designation by Jordan &
Evermann, 1898: 2560). Gender masculine].
[Encheliopus Cloquet, 1821: 456 (type species: Gadus cimbrius Linné,
1766: 440, by present designation; no originally included species; not
homonym of Encheliopus Walbaum, 1792: 583 [not available, part of
work rejected, ICZN, 1910: 51, Opinion 21], Enchelyopus Gronovius,
1760: 259 [not available, work not consistently binominal], Enche-
lyopus Klein, 1744: 52 [not available, work not consistently binomi-
nal] and Enchelyopus Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: xxvi, 50 [one letter
difference, Code art. 56.2]). Gender masculine].
Allenbatrachus grunniens (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cottus grunniens Linnaeus, 1758: 264 (based on Linnaeus,
1764: 65, 66 [then unpublished], Marcgrave, 1648: 178
[Niqui], Willughby, 1686: appendix p. 3, pl. 4 fig. 1
[Knorhaen, gallus gruniens; from Nieuhof, 1682: (2)
271], Gronovius, 1754: 46, n°106 [based on Artedi's
manuscript for Seba, 1759: 80, pl. 28 fig. 4, Marcgrave,
1648: 178, Piso, 1648: 45, Willughby, 1686: 1, fig. 1,
appendix pl. 4 fig. 1], and on specimens; type locality:
"America" ["India", see below]; syntypes: NRM 5633
[1, lakes of Sweden], Fernholm & Wheeler, 1983: 225
[actually a Raniceps raninus (Linnaeus, 1758: 258)];
appears as grunmens in some copies, apparently the re-
sult of a damaged letterpress type [see below])
Cottus indus Linnaeus, 1764: 66 (type locality: "India";
holotype: lost; junior synonym of Cottus grunmens Lin-
naeus, 1758: 264)
Batrachoides gangene Hamilton, 1822: 34, 365, pl. 14 fig. 8
(type locality: India: salt-water estuaries of the Ganges;
types: NT ['holotype' listed by Hutchins, 1981: 336 has
no type status])
Nomenclatural notes. Linnaeus' (1758) original descrip-
tion of Cottus grunniens is based on his own data and liter-
ature reference. His own data include a first set of counts.
A second set appears as "varietas alia" [a different variety].
His data are extracted from his manuscript "Mus. Ad. Fr.
2. p.", which is Linnné (1764), with page number then still
unknown (1764: 65, 66). In 1764, the data of the 'real'
C. grunniens and the 'varietas alia' are interchanged: on p.
65, under C. grunniens the data are the same as those under
'varietas alia' in 1758, while those on p. 66, under C. indus
are the same as those on the first line (the 'real' grunniens)
in 1758. The heading on p. 66 is Cottus [indus] "(an prioris
varietas ?)" [a variety of the preceeding ?].
The specimen(s) that Linnaeus (1758: 264) referred to
as 'varietas alia' is excluded from the type series (Code art.
72.4.1). This means that the material of C. grunniens of 1764
is not part of the type series, while the C. indus of 1764
actually is the 'real' C. grunniens of 1758. This makes
C. indus an objective junior synonym of C. grunniens.
It is not clear whether the bibliographic references listed
by Linnaeus (1758: 265) refer to the 'true' C. grunniens or
to the 'varietas alia', but they include at least two species.
The references are:
– Willughby, 1686: appendix p. 3, pl. 4 fig. 1 [itself based
on "knorhaen", a batrachoidid from the East Indies in Nieu-
hof, 1682: (2) 271];
– Marcgrave, 1648: 178 [niqui, a batrachoid from Brazil];
– Gronovius, 1754: 46 [itself based on the Brazilian batra-
choid of Marcgrave and Piso, 1648: 45, on the East Indies
one of Willughby, and Artedi's manuscript for Seba (1759:
80, pl. 28 fig. 4)].
Linnaeus (1758) indicated the locality as "America" al-
though the bibliographic references include material from
the East Indies. In the detailed description of 1764, he indi-
cated the locality of C. indus [the 'real' C. grunniens of 1758]
as "India" and the locality of C. grunniens [the 'varietas alia'
of 1758] as "Mari Mediterraneo".
Linnaeus' (1758) account is based on possibly up to 4
species: (1) his own material of 'true' C. grunniens, from
India (= C. indus); (2) his own material of 'varietas alia',
apparently NRM 5633 which is the gadid Raniceps raninus
(Linnaeus, 1758) from "lakes of Sweden" (Fernholm &
Wheeler, 1983: 225; see also Hutchins, 1981: 337). (3) Marc-
grave's account refers to a South American toadfish (which
I have not attempted to identify). (4) Nieuhof's account re-
fers to a species from the East Indies to which Willughby
gave the name gallus grunniens and which has usually been
identified as today's Batrachus grunniens, but could as well
be another Asian species.
A neotype is needed in order to definitively link the name
Cottus gruniens to the species for which it has been used
since its original description. This will be done in a separate
publication.
The species name appears as grunniens in some copies
of Linnaeus (1758: 264) (e.g. the copy on www.biodiversity
library.org) and as grunmens in others (e.g. the 1956 reprint
and the copy on animalbase.org). This probably resulted from
the replacement of a damaged letterpress type. This makes
grunmens a typesetter or copyist error for grunniens and it
must be corrected [Code art. 32.5.1]. The correct spelling is
grunniens as Linnaeus mentions the Gallus grunniens of
Willughby in the list of synonyms. The spelling grunniens
is also used by Linnaeus (1764). A similar case of damaged
letterpress type is reported by Bogutskaya et al. (2005).
Allenbatrachus reticulatus (Steindachner, 1870)
Batrachus reticulatus Steindachner, 1870b: 564 (type lo-
cality: "Singapore and immediate vicinity" [original type
locality: near Singapore]; neotype: CAS 82188, desig-
nated by Greenfield, 1997: 311)
Distribution notes. Inland record from Singapore. Fresh-
water record from Vietnam by Rainboth et al. (2012: 75).
Batrachomoeus Ogilby, 1908
Pseudobatrachus Castelnau, 1875: 24 (type species:
Pseudobatrachus striatus Castelnau, 1875: 24, by mono-
typy; junior homonym of Pseudobatrachus Peters, 1873:
414 in Amphibia). Gender masculine.
Pelophiletor Ogilby, 1906: 9 (nomen nudum)
Batrachomoeus Ogilby, 1907c: 10 (nomen nudum)
Batrachomoeus Ogilby, 1908b: 46, 54 (type species: Batra-
chomoeus broadbenti Ogilby, 1908b: 49, by subsequent
designation by Jordan, 1920: 529). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy from Hutchins (1976: 20) and
Greenfield et al. (2008: 681).
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
274
Batrachomoeus trispinosus (Günther, 1861)
Batrachus trispinosus Günther, 1861a: 169 (type locality:
Malaysia: Sea of Pinang / Singapore; syntypes [2]:
BMNH 1847.2.9.39 [1], Hutchins, 1981: 337)
Batrachomoeus broadbenti Ogilby, 1908b: 49 (type locali-
ty: Australia: Queensland: Cardwell; holotype: QM I.874,
Hutchins, 1976: 37, Paxton et al., 1989: 272)
Pseudobatrachus eugeneius Fowler, 1937: 260, fig. 288
(type locality: Thailand: Rayong; holotype: ANSP 68256)
Order LOPHIIFORMES
Family ANTENNARIIDAE
Taxonomic notes. Synonymies from Pietsch & Grobecker
(1987).
Antennarius Daudin, 1816
Antennarius Commerson, in La Cepède, 1798: 327 (sup-
pressed by ICZN, 1925: 27 [Opinion 89]; anyway not
available, not binominal)
Antennarius Daudin, 1816 [Oct]: 193 (type species: Loph-
ius chironecte Anonymous, 1798b: 681 [predates L. chi-
ronectes Latreille, 1804a: 73] by subsequent designa-
tion by Bleeker, 1865n: 5; no species originally includ-
ed [only vernacular names included], under Code art.
67.7 first inclusion by Cuvier, 1816a [Nov]: 310]). Gen-
der masculine.
Antennarius Cuvier, 1816a [Nov]: 310 (type species: Loph-
ius commersonii Shaw, 1804b: 387, by subsequent des-
ignation by Jordan & Evermann, 1917: 104 ["Antenna-
rius princeps Commerson" designated by Gill, 1863h:
90 does not exist, may be Chironectes principis Valenci-
ennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837: 416 ?, which
was not originally included; only name of Commerson
included: "lophius antenna tricorni", which is not an
available name [Commerson's name in La Cepède, 1798:
325]; mention of Lophius histrio Linnaeus, 1758: 237
by Jarocki, 1822: 410 is not a type designation but an
exemple ["n.p." means "i.e."]). Gender masculine.
Chironectes Cuvier, 1817: 418, 433 (type species: Anten-
narius chironectes Anonymous, 1798b: 681, by abso-
lute tautonymy (p. 433; also Code art. 67.7); junior hom-
onym of Chironectes Illiger, 1811: 76 in Mammalia and
Chironectes Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1814: 19). Gender
masculine.
Antennaria Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822a: 411 (incorrect
subsequent spelling of Antennarius Daudin, 1816: 193)
Artennarius Garthe, 1837: table 4 (incorrect subsequent
spelling of Antennarius Daudin, 1816: 193)
Capellaria Gistel, 1848: viii (replacement name for Chi-
ronectes Cuvier, 1817: 418). Gender feminine.
Saccarius Günther, 1861a: 183 (type species: Saccarius
lineatus Günther, 1861a: 183, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Phrynelox Whitley, 1931c: 328 (type species: Lophius stri-
atus Shaw, 1794: 2 unnumb. pp., pl. 175, by original
designation). Gender masculine.
Fowlerichthys Barbour, 1941: 12 (type species: Fowlerich-
thys floridanus Barbour, 1941: 12, by original designa-
tion). Gender masculine.
Kanazawaichthys Schultz, 1957: 62 (type species: Kanaza-
waichthys scutatus Schultz, 1957: 63, by original desig-
nation). Gender masculine.
Abantennarius Schultz, 1957: 66 (type species: Antenna-
rius duescus Snyder, 1904: 537, pl. 13 fig. 24, by origi-
nal designation). Gender masculine.
Triantennatus Schultz, 1957: 74 (subgenus of Phrynelox
Whitley, 1931c: 328; type species: Phrynelox zebrinus
Schultz, 1957: 75, by original designation). Gender mas-
culine.
Uniantennatus Schultz, 1957: 83 (subgenus of Lophiocharon
Whitley, 1933: 104; type species: Antennarius horridus
Bleeker, 1853j: 83, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Phymatophryne Le Danois, 1964: 115 (type species: Chi-
ronectes maculatus Desjardins, 1840: 1, pl. 2, by mono-
typy). Gender feminine.
Antennarius biocellatus (Cuvier, 1817)
Chironectes biocellatus Cuvier, 1817: 427, pl. 17 fig. 3 (type
locality: unknown; holotype: MNHN A.4620, Pietsch &
Grobecker, 1987: 174, Pietsch et al., 1986: 139)
Antennarius notophthalmus Bleeker, 1854e: 544 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Java: Djungkulan [Ujung Kulong] in
the strait of Meeuwenbaai; holotype: RMNH 6280, Pi-
etsch & Grobecker, 1987: 174)
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275
Order MUGILIFORMES
Family MUGILIDAE
Crenimugil crenilabis (Forskål, 1775)
Mugil crenilabis Forskål, 1775: xiv, 73 (type locality: Red
Sea; types: NT; invalid neotype designation by Fricke,
1999a: 358 [need not demonstrated])
Mugil cirrhostomus Forster, in Schneider, 1801: 121 (type
locality: Pacific Ocean; types: NT [specimen listed as
holotype by Thomson, 1997: 509 has no type status])
Mugil fasciatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 125 (type locality: Red Sea; holotype: MNHN
A.3637, Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 692)
Mugil macrocheilos Bleeker, 1854u: 43 (type locality: Co-
cos-Keeling Islands: Nova Selma; holotype [310 mm
TL]: LU)
Mugil rüppellii Günther, 1861a: 458 (type locality: Red Sea;
syntypes: BMNH 1945.10.29.57, SMF [specimens of
Mugil crenilabris of Rüppell, 1838: 132]; must be emend-
ed to rueppellii, Code art. 32.5.2.1)
Mugil neocaledonicus Castelnau, 1873: 116 (type locality:
New Caledonia: Nouméa; syntypes: ? NMV 51860
[A9739] [1], Eschmeyer, 2011)
Mugil tearlachi Curtiss, 1938: 47 (type locality: Society Is-
lands: Tahiti: lagoon near Tautira; syntypes: probably not
preserved)
Distribution notes. Occasional records in lower reaches of
estuaries.
Crenimugil heterocheilos (Bleeker, 1855)
Mugil heterocheilos Bleeker, 1855g: 198 (type locality: In-
donesia: Batjan; syntypes [5, 100–114 mm TL]: RMNH
6408 [part of 5], Thomson, 1997: 510)
Mugil papillosus Macleay, 1883c: 270, fig. (type locality:
Papua New Guinea: Normanby Island, freshwater; syn-
types: AMS I.13392 [1], I.13393 [1], 13394 [1], Esch-
meyer, 2011)
Mugil banksi Seale, 1910a: 501, pl. 5 (type locality: Philip-
pines: Siquijor Island; holotype: BSM 1412, lost)
Ellochelon Whitley, 1930
Ellochelon Whitley, 1930b: 251 (type species: Mugil vaigien-
sis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825: 337, by original designa-
tion). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Treated as valid following Senou (in
Randall & Lim, 2000: 625; in Nakabo, 2002: 1510).
Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Mugil vaigiensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825: 337, pl. 59 fig. 2
(type locality: Indonesia: Waigeo Island; holotype:
MNHN A.3641, Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 700)
Mugil macrolepidotus Rüppell, 1830: 140, pl. 35 [not 32]
fig. 2 (type locality: southern half of Red Sea; lectotype:
SMF 3067, designated by Dor, 1984: 192; specimen list
ed
Taxonomic notes. Synonymies mostly follow Thomson
(1997).
Species inquirenda
Myxus malayanus Herre, 1936b: 286 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: north end of Sulawesi [Lembeh Strait; Böhlke,
1953: 64]; holotype: CAS-SU 30975 [1 of 5], Böhlke,
1953: 64)
Cestraeus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836
Cestraeus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836:
157 (type species: Cestraeus plicatilis Valenciennes, in
Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836: 157, by subsequent des-
ignation by Jordan, 1919a: 85). Gender masculine.
Gonostomyxus Macdonald, 1869: 39 (type species: Gono-
stomyxus loaloa Macdonald, 1869: 39, by original des-
ignation [in title]). Gender masculine.
Aeschrichthys Macleay, 1883d: 5 (type species: Aeschrich-
thys goldiei Macleay, 1883d: 5, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Cestraeus goldiei (Macleay, 1883)
Aeschrichthys Goldiei Macleay, 1883d: 5, figs. 1–2 (type
locality: New Guinea: Goldie River; lectotype: AMS
I.13395, designated by Thomson, 1997: 470)
Cestraeus oxyrhyncus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1836
Cestraeus oxyrhyncus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1836: 162 (type locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi, in
freshwater; holotype: MNHN A.4313, Blanc & Hureau,
1972: 678)
Cestraeus plicatilis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1836
Cestraeus plicatilis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1836: 157, pl. 315 (type locality: Indonesia: Sulawe-
si, in freshwater; holotype: MNHN A.2894, Blanc &
Hureau, 1972: 679)
Gonostomyxus loa-loa Macdonald, 1869: 38, pl. 1 (type lo-
cality: Fiji Islands: Na Viti Levu: Wai Manu, tributary of
Rewa River; holotype: Haslar Museum; must be emend-
ed to loaloa)
Crenimugil Schultz, 1946
Crenimugil Schultz, 1946: 387 (type species: Mugil cre-
nilabis Forskål, 1775: xiv, 73, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
276
as holotype by Thomson, 1997: 482 has no type status)
Mugil melanochir Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 143 (type locality: Indonesia: Java / Guam; syn-
types: MNHN A.844 [1], A.3630 [1], Blanc & Hureau,
1972: 695)
Mugil Rossii Bleeker, 1854u: 45 (type locality: Cocos Islands:
Nova Selma; holotype [264 mm TL]: RMNH 1641 [Esch-
meyer, 2011] or RMNH 6397 [Thomson, 1997: 538])
Mugil tegobuan Montrouzier & Thiollière, in Montrouzier,
1857: 462 (type locality: Woodlark Island [Moiou]; syn-
types: lost)
Mugil occidentalis Castelnau, 1873: 135 (type locality: "riv-
ers of western Australia" [Dampierre archipelago; Blanc
& Hureau, 1972: 696]; syntypes: MNHN A.3654 [3],
A.3655 [3], NMV 51852 [ex A.9732] [1], Blanc &
Hureau, 1972: 696, Eschmeyer, 2011)
Mugil ventricosus Castelnau, 1875: 32 (type locality: Aus-
tralia: Dampier Archipelago: Nicol Bay; syntypes:
MNHN A.3725 [3], Blanc & Hureau, 1971: 700; junior
homonym of Mugil ventricosus Richardson, 1846a: 249)
Liza Jordan & Swain, 1884
Liza Jordan & Swain, 1884: 261 (subgenus of Mugil Lin-
naeus, 1758: 316; type species: Mugil capito Cuvier,
1829: 232, by original designation). Gender feminine.
Protomugil Popov, 1930: 64, 117 (subgenus of Liza Jordan
& Swain, 1884: 261; type species: Mugil saliens Risso,
1810: 345, by original designation). Gender masculine.
Gracilimugil Whitley, 1941a: 18 (type locality: Mugil ram-
sayi Macleay, 1883b: 208, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Planiliza Whitley, 1945a: 17 (subgenus of Moolgarda Whit-
ley, 1945a: 14; type species: Moolgarda ordensis Whit-
ley, 1945a: 17, by original designation). Gender feminine.
Heteromugil Schultz, 1946: 394 (type species: Mugil tri-
cuspidens Smith, 1935a: 618, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Pteromugil Smith, 1948b: 837 (type species: Mugil diade-
ma Gilchrist & Thompson, 1911: 42, by original desig-
nation). Gender masculine.
Strializa Smith, 1948b: 838 (type species: Mugil canalicu-
latus Smith, 1935a: 630, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Oxymugil Whitley, 1948b: 271 (type species: Mugil acutus
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836: 140, by
original designation ["as identified below", which means
that Whitley apparently considered that his material could
be misidentified]). Gender masculine.
Paramugil Ghasemzadeh, Ivantsoff & Aarn, 2004a: 12 (type
species: Mugil parmatus Cantor, 1849: 1076, by origi-
nal designation). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. The genus Liza is possibly not mono-
phyletic (Rossi et al., 2004). Senou (in Nakabo, 2002: 1511;
in Randall & Lim, 2000: 625) considered that Liza is a jun-
ior synonym of Chelon. [See Bibliographic Notes, Cuvier
1816, for comments on etymology of Chelon.]
[Chelon Artedi, 1793: 118 (type species: Mugil chelo Cuvier, 1829: 232,
by subsequent designation, possibly Jordan & Evermann, 1917: 52).
Gender masculine].
Liza alata (Steindachner, 1892)
Mugil alatus Steindachner, 1892a: 133 (type locality: Mada-
gascar: rivers [interior of Madagascar in neighborhood
of Antananarivo]; holotype: NMW 86329, Eschmeyer,
2011; also in Steindachner, 1892b: 364)
Mugil diadema Gilchrist & Thompson, 1911: 42 (type lo-
cality: South Africa: Natal: Durban Bay; holotype: LU)
Moolgarda ordensis Whitley, 1945a: 17, fig. 9 (type locali-
ty: Australia: Ord River, Carlton Reach; holotype: WAM
P.2758-001, Hutchins & Smith, 1991: 32)
Liza haematocheila (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
Mugil haematocheilus Temminck & Schlegel, 1845: 135,
pl. 72 fig. 2 (type locality: Japan: small streams near
Nagasaki; lectotype: RMNH D.1160, designated by
Boeseman, 1947: 117)
Mugil xanthurus Richardson, 1846a: 248 (type locality:
China: Canton and Seas of China; types: specimen on
which is based Reeves' unpublished drawing, reproduced
in Whitehead, 1970a: 215, pl. 24b)
Mugil So-iuy Basilewsky, 1855: 226, pl. 4 fig. 3 (type local-
ity: China: Gulf of Tschili and tributary streams; synty-
pes: ZISP 5901 [1], Eschmeyer, 2011; must be emended
as M. soiuy)
Mugil sinensis Bleeker, 1872c: 143 (available by indication
to Mugil haematocheilus of Richardson, 1846a: 249, it-
self based on Mugil haematocheilus Temminck & Schle-
gel, 1845: 135, figure
β
.49 of Reeves, and figure "Acanth.
262" of Hardwicke [which is probably the same Reeves'
figure]; type locality: Seas of China / Japan; syntypes:
material of Temminck & Schlegel, and Reeves)
Mugil Joyneri Günther, 1878: 486 (type locality: Japan:
Tokei [Tokyo]; syntypes: BMNH 1878.4.5.90–91 [2],
Thomson, 1997: 523)
Liza menada Tanaka, 1916: 394 (type locality: Japan: To-
kyo fish market; syntypes: ZUMT 3338 [1, lost], Esch-
meyer, 2011)
Liza borealis Popov, 1930: 80, 119, pl. 2 fig. 1, pl. 4 fig. 1
(type locality: Russia: Vladivostok and Tumangan Riv-
er / Yellow Sea / Japan: Hokkaido: Hokodate; syntypes:
ZISP 1573 [1], 8401 [1], 9570 [1], 12533 [1], 12606 [1],
22249 [2], Eschmeyer, 2011)
Taxonomic notes. Earlier recorded as Mugil lauvergnii
Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850 (Harrison, in Miller, 2004: 470).
Liza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850)
Mugil Lauvergnii Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850: 174, pl. 4 fig. 3
(type locality: China: Macao; holotype: MNHN 8138,
Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 693, Thomson, 1997: 523)
Mugil affinis Günther, 1861a: 433, fig. (type locality: Chi-
na: Amoy; holotype: BMNH 1860.7.20.11, Thomson,
1997: 514, Eschmeyer, 2011)
Myxus profugus Mohr, 1927: 184, fig. 6 (type locality: Ja-
pan and Taiwan; syntypes: ZMB 20287 [2], Ho & Shao,
2011: 39)
Myxus philippinus Roxas, 1934: 424, pl. 2 fig. 1 (type lo-
cality: Philippines: Palawan: Lumbucan Island, near
Balabac; holotype BSM 28473, lost)
Taxonomic notes. Liza lauvergnii is usually listed as a syn-
onym of L. haematocheila and L. affinis as a valid species.
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277
The holotype of L. lauvergnii is conspecific with L. affinis
(Harrison, in Miller, 2004: 470) and this makes L. lauverg-
nii the valid name of the species earlier called L. affinis.
Liza macrolepis (Smith, 1846)
Mugil Macrolepis A. Smith, 1846: unnumb. p., pl. 28 fig. 2
(type locality: rivers and lakes of South Africa; holo-
type: BMNH 1859.5.7.56, Dor, 1984: 191, Thomson,
1997: 525)
Mugil borneënsis Bleeker, 1851l: 201 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Kalimantan Selatan: Banjarmasin; lecto-
type: RMNH 6403 [1 of 14], designated by Thomson,
1997: 525)
Mugil adustus Bleeker, 1854d: 503 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Sumatra: Padang; holotype [153 mm TL]: LU)
Mugil Troschelii Bleeker, 1858g: 386 (nomen nudum)
Mugil Troschelii Bleeker, 1858h: 277 (name available from
key; type locality: not stated [Sumatra, Borneo]; synty-
pes: RMNH 6402 [2], AMS B.8007 [1], Dor, 1984: 191,
Thomson, 1997: 525, Eschmeyer, 2011)
Mugil smithii Günther, 1861a [14 Dec]: 447, fig. (unneces-
sary replacement name for Mugil macrolepis Smith, 1846:
pl. 28 fig. 2, considered to be a junior homonym of Mugil
macrolepidotus Rüppell, 1830: 140, pl. 35 fig. 2; senior
[?] homonym of Mugil smithii Castelnau, 1861: 47)
Mugil smithii Castelnau, 1861: 47 (type locality: South Af-
rica: Table Bay market; types: NT; junior [?] homonym
of Mugil smithii Günther, 1861a: 447)
Mugil crenilepis Castelnau, 1861: 49 (type locality: South Af-
rica:
Cape Province: mouth of Comptoos River; types: NT)
? Mugil cunnumboo Day, 1865c: 141, fig. (type locality:
India: Malabar; holotype: ? ZSI F1418, Whitehead &
Talwar, 1976: 160)
Mugil rodericensis Günther, 1876b: 397 (type locality: Ro-
driguez Island in freshwater; syntypes: BMNH
1876.3.11.11–14 [4], 1876.3.11.30 [1], Eschmeyer, 2011;
repeated in Günther, 1879: 471)
Mugil olivaceus Day, 1876a: 357 (type locality: "Seas of
India, ascending rivers"; types: among ZSI F 2142,
BMNH 1889.2.1.3753–3756 [2], MZUF 4701, White-
head & Talwar, 1976: 160)
Agonostoma dorsalis Streets, 1877: 102 (type locality: Sa-
moa Island; holotype: USNM 15111)
Liza pescadorensis Oshima, 1922: 254, pl. 12 fig. 1 (type
locality: Taiwan: Pescadores Islands: Bakô; holotype:
FMNH 59147 [ex CM 8285], Ibarra & Stewart, 1987: 53)
Liza melinoptera (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1836)
Mugil melinopterus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1836: 146, pl. 313 (type locality: Solomon Islands:
Santa Cruz Islands: Vanikoro [11°37'S 166°59'E]; holo-
type: MNHN A.3669, Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 696; a
compound adjective)
Mugil ceramensis Bleeker, 1853a: 699 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Ceram [Seram]: Wahai; syntypes [3, 87–100 mm
TL]: ? RMNH 640 [part of 4], Thomson, 1997: 527)
? Mugil compressus Günther, 1861a: 451 (type locality:
Australia: New South Wales; syntypes [3]: BMNH
1928.8.3.21 [1], Eschmeyer, 2011)
Liza parmata (Cantor, 1849)
Mugil parmatus Cantor, 1849: 1076 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Borneo: Pamangkat and Sampit [original type local-
ity: Malaysia: Pinang]; neotype: RMNH 6405, designated
by Ghasemzadeh et al., 2004b: 96 [designation in
Ghasemzadeh et al., 2004a: 15 invalid because speci-
men cannot be recognised, Code art. 75.3.3])
Mugil macrolepis Bleeker, 1852o: 422 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Borneo: Pamangkat and Sampit; lectotype: RMNH
6405, designated by Ghasemzadeh et al., 2004b: 96; jun-
ior homonym of Mugil macrolepis Smith, 1846: pl. 28
fig. 2; junior objective synonym of Mugil parmatus Can-
tor, 1849: 1076)
Mugil oligolepis Bleeker, 1857n: 461 (replacement name
for Mugil macrolepis Bleeker, 1852o: 422)
Liza parsia (Hamilton, 1822)
Mugil parsia Hamilton, 1822: 215, 380, pl. 17 fig. 71 (type
locality: India: fresh water rivers of Bengal; types: NT
[status of 'syntypes' listed by Eschmeyer, 2011, Thom-
son, 1997: 529, doubtful])
Mugil latus Hora, 1933: 134 (not available, name listed in
synonymy)
Distribution notes. Recorded in area from Andaman Islands.
Liza subviridis (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836)
Mugil subviridis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 115 (type locality: India: Malabar Coast [Bom-
bay], Ganges and Pondicherry; syntypes: MNHN A.3649
[1], A.3650 [1], A.3651 [1], 1990-132 [1, ex A.3649],
? ZMB 1834 [1], Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 699, Eschmeyer,
2011)
Mugil Dussumieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 147 (type locality: India: Bombay and Coroman-
del Coast; syntypes: MNHN A.3634 [1], 1990-0134 [2],
Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 691, Eschmeyer, 2011; simulta-
neous subjective synonym of Mugil subviridis Valenci-
ennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836: 115, first revis-
er [Thomson, in Fischer & Bianchi, 1984: MUGIL Liza
14] gave precedence to M. subviridis)
Mugil ventricosus Richardson, 1846a: 249 (type locality:
China: Canton and Chinese seas; holotype: specimen on
which is based Reeves' unpublished drawing, reproduced
in Whitehead, 1970a: 215, pl. 24a [specimens listed as
syntypes by Thomson, 1997: 538 have no type status])
Mugil javanicus Bleeker, 1853a: 701 (type locality: not stat-
ed, but name implies Indonesia: Java; types: not stated;
name available because accompanied by very brief di-
agnosis)
Mugil sundanensis Bleeker, 1853f: 265 (type locality: In-
donesia: Sumatra: Benculen [Bengkulu] / Java: Batavia
[Jakarta]; syntypes [8, 150–216]: part of RMNH 6387
[8], ? BMNH 1880.4.21.162–163 [2], Thomson, 1997:
534)
Mugil Cantoris Bleeker, 1853o: 100, pl. 1 fig. 4 (type local-
ity: India: Calcutta, in Hooghly River; syntypes [5, 68–
130 mm TL]: RMNH 6402 [3], Thomson, 1997: 534)
Mugil brachysoma Bleeker, 1855k: 399 (type locality: In-
donesia: Java: Pasuruan; holotype [94 mm TL]: LU
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
278
[specimens in RMNH 6387 listed by Thomson, 1997:
534 are too large to be holotype])
Mugil Valenciennesii Bleeker, 1858g: 386 (nomen nudum)
Mugil Valenciennesii Bleeker, 1858h: 277 (name available
from key; type locality: not mentioned [East Indies];
types: ? RMNH 6389 [3], Thomson, 1997: 534)
Mugil nepalensis Günther, 1861a: 424 (type locality: Ne-
pal: holotype: BMNH 1853.8.16.25, Thomson, 1997: 534)
Mugil laevis Day, 1871a: 203 (unnecessary replacement
name for Mugil nepalensis Günther, 1861a: 424)
Mugil Meyeri Günther, 1872c: 439 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Sulawesi: Makassar [Ujung Pandang]; syntypes:
BMNH 1872.3.12.25–26 [2], Thomson, 1997: 534)
Mugil jerdoni Day, 1876a: 352 (type locality: "Seas of In-
dia" / material listed by Day, 1865c: 138 as Mugil sun-
danensis; types: among ZSI 1404–1405 [4, lost], 2909
[1, lost], BMNH 1889.2.1.3702–3705 [4], AMS B.7983
[1], ? B.7967 [1], NMW 67694, ZISP 8238, FMNH 2449,
Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 160, Thomson, 1997: 534,
Ferraris et al., 2000: 298)
Mugil stevensi Ogilby, 1908a: 19 (type locality: Australia:
Queensland: Rockhingham Bay, Gold Island; holotype:
QM I.774, Eschmeyer, 2011)
Mugil alcocki Ogilby, 1908a: 21 (type locality: India: Ma-
dras; holotype: BMNH [specimen of Mugil subviridis
of Günther, 1861a: 423])
Mugil tadopsis Ogilby, 1908a: 27 (type locality: Australia:
Queensland: Moreton Bay: Brisbane market; syntypes
[3]: QM I.1570 [1], Eschmeyer, 2011)
Mugil ruthveni Fowler, 1918: 3, fig. 1 (type locality: Philip-
pines; holotype: ANSP 47478)
Mugil ogilbyi Fowler, 1918: 5, fig. 2 (type locality: Philip-
pines; holotype: ANSP 47479)
Mugil philippinus Fowler, 1918: 7, fig. 3 (type locality:
Philippines; holotype: ANSP 47481)
Mugil lepidopterus Fowler, 1918: 9, fig. 4 (type locality:
Philippines; holotype: ANSP 47483)
Mugil anpinensis Oshima, 1922: 245, pl. 11 fig. 2 (type lo-
cality: Taiwan: Anpin near Tainan, or Kwaren River at
Kada, Kwarenke; holotype: FMNH 59143 [ex CM 8281],
Ibarra & Stewart, 1987: 58)
Mugil medius Machan, 1931: 221 (type locality: Indonesia:
Java: coastal waters near Batavia [Jakarta]; holotype:
NMW)
Liza tade (Bloch, in Schneider, 1801)
Mugil crenilabis tâde Forskål, 1775: xiv, 74 (not available,
vernacular name [in Forskål, names preceded by Greek
letters in the conspectus are varieties recognized by ver-
nacular names, binominal names of earlier authors or
descriptive words or phrases; even if made of a single
word, these are clearly not intended as scientific names])
Mugil crenilabis var. täde Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 116
(based
on Forskål, 1775: xiv, 74; type locality: Red Sea; types:
lost, Nielsen, 1974: 73, Trewavas & Ingham, 1972: 24)
Mugil planiceps Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 122 (type locality: India: Bengal, Calcutta; synty-
pes: MNHN A.3647 [1], A.3648 [2], A.3659 [2], Blanc
& Hureau, 1972: 698)
Mugil bontah Bleeker, 1853o: 48 (available by indication
to Bontah of Russell, 1803a: n° 180; type locality: In-
dia: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; types: material on
which is based Bontah of Russell, 1803a: 64, pl. 180
[Bontah]; material listed as syntypes by Thomson, 1997:
536 has no type status; also in Bleeker, 1857i: 336)
Mugil belanak Bleeker, 1857i: 337 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta]; syntypes [6, 130–201 mm
TL]: part of RMNH 6388 [8], SMNS 10616 [3], BMNH
1860.3.19.367–370 [4], Thomson, 1997: 536, Fricke,
1991: 17)
Mugil poicilus Day, 1865a: 33 (type locality: India: Kerala;
Cochin; syntypes: among ZSI 2135, BMNH 1865.1.19.8
[1], NMW 67381, ZMB 10775, RMNH 1638, ZISP 8272,
FMNH 2448, Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 160; also in
Day, 1865c: 140, pl. 9)
Taxonomic notes. In recent years some authors have con-
sidered L. tade to be a junior synonym of L. planiceps (e.g.
Harrison & Senou, in Carpenter & Niem, 1999: 2091, Esch-
meyer, 2011), which is not possible since tade is older. Fricke
et al. (2011: 369) treated them as distinct species.
Moolgarda Whitley, 1945
Moolgarda Whitley, 1945a: 14 (type species: Moolgarda
pura Whitley, 1945a: 15, by original designation). Gen-
der feminine.
Valamugil Smith, 1948b: 841 (type species: Mugil seheli
Forskål, 1775: xiv, 73, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Osteomugil Luther, 1975: 107 (nomen nudum)
Osteomugil Luther, 1982: 7 (type species: Mugil cunnesius
Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836: 114, by
original designation). Gender masculine.
Taxonomic notes. Moolgarda pura is type species of Mool-
garda. Thomson (1997: 534) treated M. pura as a synonym
of Liza subviridis, but, judging from the locality of the
specimen(s) he examined, he had not seen the holotype. From
Whitley's description and Thomson's comments (1997: 512),
it appears likely that Whitley had two species. The holotype
of M. pura is a specimen of M. seheli according to Senou
(in Nakabo, 2002: 1511). The figured holotype keys out as
M. seheli or possibly M. buchanani using the keys in Harri-
son & Senou (in Carpenter & Niem, 1999a: 2070) and in
Thomson (1997: 500). This makes Moolgarda a senior syn-
onym of Valamugil.
Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes, 1836)
Mugil Cunnesius Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 114 (type locality: India: Vizagapatham [Visakha-
patnam] and Bombay / Indonesia: Moluccas; syntypes:
MNHN A.4636 [1], A.3701 [2], A.3702 [2], A.3726 [2],
A.3727 [1], B.2678 [1], B.2629 [1], 1992-0561 [1], Blanc
& Hureau, 1972: 688, Eschmeyer, 2011, and specimen
on which is based Russell, 1803b: pl. 181 [Kunnesee])
Mugil Ophuysenii Bleeker, 1858h: 279 (name available from
key; type locality not stated, but apparently Sumatra:
Benkulen [see below]; holotype or syntypes [1 or 2, 110–
144 mm TL]: RMNH 6394 [2], Eschmeyer, 2011 or
RMNH 4394 [2], Thomson, 1997: 502)
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
279
Mugil atherinoides Duncker & Mohr, 1926: 133, figs. 7–8
(type locality: Bismarck Archipelago: New Britain Is-
land: 1 nautical mile west of Cap Beechy; lectotype: ZMH
163 [ex 16190], designated by Ladiges et al., 1958: 162)
? Mugil tehu Curtiss, 1938: 46 (type locality: Society Is-
lands: Tahiti: lagoon near Tautira; syntypes: probably not
preserved)
Nomenclatural notes. The original description of Mugil
ophuysenii appeared in a key, without information on the
number of types and their locality. The species is mentioned
next in Bleeker (1860a: 78); Bleeker listed 2 specimens from
Benkulen.
On pp. 1–15 of his 1860a article, Bleeker listed material
in various collections obtained from Sumatra, only one of
which included M. ophuysenii, received from Mr. Ophuys-
en in Bankulen on 5 January 1859, that is after the 1858h
key was written (see Nomenclatural notes under Moolgar-
da engeli). The same list includes other material sent earlier
by Mr. Ophuysen, but no M. ophuysenii. These earlier lists
had been published in previous issues of Natuurkundig Tijd-
schrift voor Nederlandsch Indië, one of them on the same
page as the 1858h key. This suggests that the account of
M. ophuysenii was possibly based on a single specimen and
that a second one was received later.
Moolgarda engeli (Bleeker, 1858)
Mugil Engeli Bleeker, 1858g: 385 (nomen nudum)
Mugil Engeli Bleeker, 1858h: 277 (name available from key;
type locality not stated, possibly Indonesia: Java: Bata-
via [Jakarta] / Sumatra: Benkulen / Bali: Boleling [see
below]; lectotype: RMNH 6392, designated by Thom-
son 1997: 503)
Mugil kandavensis Günther, 1877: 215 (type locality: Fiji
Islands: Kandavu Island; holotype: BMNH 1877.4.18.4
[ex Mus. Godeffroy 5141], Thomson, 1997: 503, Esch-
meyer, 2011)
Mugil rechingeri Steindachner, 1907: 1416 (type locality:
Samoa Islands: Upolu; syntypes [6]: NMW 67390 [1],
67395 [3], Eschmeyer, 2011)
Agonostoma Birarae Duncker & Mohr, 1926: 134, fig. 9
(type locality: New Pommerania [Bismarck Archipela-
go: New Britain Island]: southwest coast, Liebliche In-
seln [Gracious Isles; Arawe]; lectotype: ZMH 155 [ex
16241], designated by Ladiges et al., 1958: 162)
Nomenclatural notes. The original description of Mugil
engeli appeared in a key, without information on type mate-
rial and locality. The species is next mentioned in Bleeker
(1858m: 147) from material collected in 1856 in Bali (Bo-
leling). Bleeker dated most of his papers (date of writing,
not date of publication), but the key (1858h) is not dated;
article 1858m appeared in the next volume of the same jour-
nal and is dated June 1858.
The next use of the name appeared, with a description,
in Bleeker (1860a: 78). Bleeker listed 7 specimens, 131–
133 mm TL from three localities (Indonesia: Java: Batavia
[Jakarta] / Sumatra: Benkulen / Bali: Boleling). Among these
7 specimens, one or several from Benkulen are probably
those listed (p. 13) as received on 5 February 1859; as Bleek-
er's key (1858h) was probably written before June 1858,
these specimens are probably not part of the type series [but
there is no way to recognize which ones they are]. Howev-
er, it is not possible to exclude Benkulen from the type lo-
cality because Bleeker might have had other specimens from
some other earlier collections received from Benkulen. The
type locality is thus Batavia, Benkulen and Boleling.
Moolgarda malabarica (Shaw, 1804)
Mullus Malabaricus Shaw, 1804a: 137 (available by indi-
cation to Peddaraki Sovere of Russell, 1803b: pl. 182;
type locality: India: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam];
holotype: specimen on which is based Russel, 1803b:
pl. 182)
Mugil peradak Cuvier, 1829: 232 (available by indication
to Russel, 1803b: n° 182; type locality: India: Vizagapa-
tham [Visakhapatnam]; holototype: specimen on which
is based Russell, 1803b: 66, pl. 182 [Peddaraki Sovere];
junior objective synonym of Mullus malabaricus Shaw,
1804a: 137; note that correct original spelling is per-
adak, not pedarak)
Mugil pedaraki Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 137 (based on Russell, 1803b: pl. 182; type local-
ity: India: Vizagapatham [Visakhapatnam]; holotype:
specimen on which is based Russell, 1803b: pl. 182 [Ped-
daraki Sovere]; junior objective synonym of Mullus
malabaricus Shaw, 1804a: 137)
Mugil buchanani Bleeker, 1853o: 99 (type locality: India:
Hooghly River in Calcutta; holotype [128 mm TL]:
RMNH 6383, Thomson, 1997: 500)
? Mugil radians Castelnau, 1861: 49 (type locality: South
Africa: Natal; types: NT)
Mugil ceylonensis Günther, 1861a: 446, fig. (type locality:
Sri Lanka; syntypes [4]: BMNH 1860.3.19.792–794 [3],
Thomson, 1997: 500, Eschmeyer, 2011)
Oedalechilus kesteveni Whitley, 1943a: 178 (type locality:
Australia: Northern Territory: Port Essington; holotype:
AMS A.4797, Thomson, 1997: 500)
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy partly follows Senou (in Ran-
dall & Lim, 2000: 625; in Nakabo, 2002: 1511).
Nomenclatural notes. Eschmeyer (2011) "reversed the pri-
ority" between M. pedaraki and M. peradak because the
second name had not been used as valid after 1899. Rever-
sal of precedence requires that the procedure prescribed by
Code art. 23.9.1 be followed, which has not been done. Fur-
ther, it has not been demonstrated that the conditions of art.
23.9.1.2 have been satisfied. This species is still commonly
called M. buchanani; the name M. pedaraki having been re-
introduced only recently,is still little used, and its validity
or identity with M. buchanani is still doubted (even Esch-
meyer, 2011, is confused on this); it is therefore difficult to
justify that M. pedaraki was the prevailing usage before 2011.
Moolgarda perusii (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1836)
Mugil Perusii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836:
116 (type locality: Solomon Islands: Santa Cruz Islands:
Vanikoro [11°37'S 166°59'E]; holotype: MNHN A.3645,
Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 697)
? Mugil amarulus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 133 (type locality: Indonesia: Java / India: Coro-
mandel Coast [Bombay] and Pondicherry in Arian-
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
280
Coupan River; syntypes: MNHN A.3720 [1], A.3721 [4],
A.3722 [1], Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 680; subjective si-
multaneous synonym of Mugil perusii Valenciennes, in
Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836: 116, first reviser not re-
searched, possibly Harrison & Senou, in Carpenter &
Niem, 1999b: 2106, who gave precedence to M. perusii)
Mugil strongylocephalus Richardson, 1846a: 249 (type lo-
cality: Hong Kong; holotype: BMNH 1972.11.27.1,
Eschmeyer, 2011, Thomson, 1997: 502)
Mugil longimanus Günther, 1861a: 428 (type locality: East
Indies / Indonesia: Banka [Bangka]: Muntok / Java: Ba-
tavia [Jakarta], Bantam, Tegal, Pekalongan, Samarang,
Surabaja, Bezuki, Pasuruan / Madura: Kammal /
Sumatra: Telokbetong, Benculen [Bengkulu], Padang and
Trussan [Tarusan] / Sulawesi: Manado / Buru: Kajeli /
Ambon; syntypes: BMNH 1858.8.15.24 [1], Eschmey-
er, 2011 and material of Mugil cunnesius in Bleeker,
1852p: 454 [12, 140–188 mm TL], 1860h: 8 [13, 140–
223 mm TL])
Mugil kelaartii Günther, 1861a: 429 (type locality: Sri Lan-
ka: Point de Galle / Philippines; syntypes [2]: BMNH
1843.8.17.9 [1], 1859.5.7.38 [1], Thomson, 1997: 502,
Eschmeyer, 2011)
Liza akame Tanaka, 1916: 395 (type locality: Japan: Urado,
near Kochi city; holotype: ZUMT, lost, Eschmeyer, 2011)
Liza parva Oshima, 1922: 253, pl. 11 fig. 2 (type locality:
Taiwan: Anpin near Tainan; holotype: FMNH 59146 [ex
CM 8284], Ibarra & Stewart, 1987: 53)
Moolgarda seheli (Forskål, 1775)
Mugil seheli Forskål, 1775: xiv, 73 (type locality: Red Sea:
Yemen Lohaja [Al Luhayyah]; holotype: ZMUC P
71373, Nielsen, 1974: 73, Klausewitz & Nielsen, 1965:
26, pl. 37 fig. 68 [as Mugil tade]; neotype [BMNH
1869.2.8.2, Red Sea, designated by Thomson, 1997: 506]
apparently is not valid; see Trewavas & Ingham, 1972:
24 [although listed as a variety by Forskål, the species is
clearly given a binominal name on p. 73; it also has the
typography and punctuation of binominal names])
Mugil caeruleomaculatus La Cepède, 1803: 385, 389 (based
on Commerson's manuscripts; type locality: not stated
[possibly from Mauritius, Java or India]; types: NT)
Mugil axillaris Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 131 (type locality: Isle-de-France [Mauritius] /
New Guinea; syntypes [2]: MNHN A.842 [1], A.3622
[1], Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 682, Dor, 1984: 193)
Mugil cylindricus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 132 (type locality: Indonesia: Java [Batavia (Jakar-
ta); label data]; holotype: MNHN A.3618, Blanc &
Hureau, 1972: 690)
Mugil melancranus Richardson, 1846a: 248 (type locality:
China: Canton and Chinese seas; syntypes: BMNH, lost,
and specimen on which is based Reeves' unpublished
drawing, Whitehead, 1970a: 215)
Mugil suppositus Günther, 1861a: 437 (type locality: Ma-
laysia: Penang, Penang River; holotype: BMNH
1860.3.19.361, Thomson, 1997: 506, Eschmeyer, 2011)
Mugil bleekeri Günther, 1861a: 445 (type locality: Indone-
sia: Banka [Bangka]: Blinju; syntypes [2, 110–112 mm
TL, material listed by Bleeker, 1859f: 376 as Mugil bor-
bonicus]: LU)
Mugil decem-radiatus Günther, 1861a: 452 (type locality:
Indonesia: Java: Batavia [Jakarta] / Timor Kupang; syn-
types [4, 90–212 mm TL, material listed by Bleeker,
1852e: 166 as Mugil parsia]: LU)
Mugil delicatus Alleyne & Macleay, 1877: 341, pl. 15 fig. 1
(type locality: Australia: Queensland: Cape York; synty-
pes: AMS I.16294-001 [4, ex MAMU F306], Eschmey-
er, 2011)
Mugil delicatulus Saville-Kent, 1889b: 10 (nomen nudum)
Mugil splendens De Vis, 1885: 871 (type locality: Austra-
lia: Queensland: Cardwell; holotype: QM I.967)
Liza formosae Oshima, 1922: 251, pl. 12 fig. 2 (type local-
ity: Taiwan: Anpin near Tainan; holotype: FMNH 59145
[ex CM 8283], Ibarra & Stewart, 1987: 53)
? Moolgarda pura Whitley, 1945a: 15, fig. 8 (type locality:
Western Australia: Point Cloates; holotype: ? AMS
I.13225, Eschmeyer, 2011)
Taxonomic notes. Mugil delicatus is considered to be a valid
species of Moolgarda by Senou (in Randall & Lim, 2000:
625). Liza formosae is considered to be a valid species of
Moolgarda by Chang et al. (1999: 39).
Moolgarda speigleri (Bleeker, 1858)
Mugil Speigleri Bleeker, 1858g: 386 (nomen nudum)
Mugil Speigleri Bleeker, 1858h: 279 (name available from
key; type locality not stated, possibly Indonesia: Java:
Batavia [Jakarta] / Borneo: Kalimantan Barat:
Sinkawang / Halmahera: Sindangole; syntypes [possi-
bly 17, 116–225 mm TL]: RMNH 6395 [12], Thomson,
1997: 507)
? Myxus trimaculatus Klunzinger, 1870: 832 (type locality:
Red Sea: Egypt: Kosseir [Al-Quseir]; syntypes: SMNS
1749 [several, lost], ZMB 8000 [4], ZISP 2603 [2],
Fricke, 1992: 14)
? Mugil sordidus Duncker & Mohr, 1926: 132, fig. 6 (type
locality: New Pomerania [Bismarck Archipelago: New
Britain Island]: south coast, Möwe-Hafen [Sea-Mew
Harbour; Kandrian, 6°13'S 149°33'E], stream mouth,
brackish water; lectotype: ZMH 158 [ex 16188], desig-
nated by Ladiges et al., 1958: 162)
? Mugil speigleri naziri Rizvi & Iqbal, 1986: 85, fig. 2 (type
locality: Pakistan: Baluchistan: Hub River; holotype:
"F.Z.R 1982 M.A.I.")
Nomenclatural notes. The original description of Mugil
speigleri is in a key, without information on type material
and locality. The species is then mentioned next in Bleeker
(1860g: 58); Bleekers listed 17 specimens from Java, Borneo
and Halmahera. They are tentatively treated as syntypes.
Mugil Linnaeus, 1758
Mugil Linnaeus, 1758: 316 (type species: Mugil cephalus
Linnaeus, 1758: 316, by monotypy; on Official List of
Generic Names in Zoology, ICZN, 1922a: 35 [Opinion
75]). Gender masculine.
Mugil Catesby, 1771: vol. 2: 6, pl. 6 (not available, name in
a rejected work; ICZN, 1910a: 22 [Opinion 13], 1925:
27 [Opinion 89], 1947: 351 [Opinion 13], 1950: 568,
1954c: 253 [Opinion 259], 1955c: 351 [Opinion 13])
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281
Cestreus Walbaum, 1792: 584 (not available, in a part of
work rejected for nomenclatural purposes, ICZN, 1910b:
51, Opinion 21)
Cephalus La Cepède, 1800: 589 (not available, name listed
in synonymy)
Mugie Macklot, 1830: 177 (incorrect subsequent spelling
of Mugil Linnaeus, 1758: 316; on Official Index of Re-
jected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology, ICZN,
1956b: 345, 359 [Direction 56])
Arnion Gistel, 1848: x (unnecessary replacement name for
Mugil Linnaeus, 1758: 316). Gender neuter.
Ello Gistel, 1848: 109 (unnecessary replacement name for
Mugil Linnaeus, 1758: 316; also in Gistel, in Gistel &
Bromme, 1850: 356). Gender masculine.
Querimana Jordan & Gilbert, 1883a: 588 (type species:
Myxus harengus Günther, 1861a: 467, by original des-
ignation). Gender feminine.
Xenomugil Schultz, 1946: 386 (type species: Mugil thobur-
ni Jordan & Starks, in Jordan & Evermann, 1896b: 812,
by original designation). Gender masculine.
Mugil broussonnetii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1836
Mugil broussonnetii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1836: 117 (type locality: "mer du Sud" [southern
sea]; holotype: MNHN A.3656, Bauchot, 1969: 130,
Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 681)
Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758
Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758: 316 (type locality: "Habi-
tat in Oceano Europaeo, fluvios subiens" [inhabits the
European Ocean, moves up the streams; also Turkey:
Smyrna and "est etiam in Nilo frequens" [also frequent
in the Nile; reference to Hasselqvist, 1757: 385]; synty-
pes: NRM 43 [1], 44 [2], 143 [1], Fernholm & Wheeler,
1983: 258)
Mugil Albula Linné, 1766: 520 (type locality: U.S.A.: South
Carolina: Charleston / Jamaica; syntypes: LSL 139,
Wheeler, 1985: 63 and material on which are based Cates-
by, 1754: vol. 2: 6, pl. 6 [Albula bahamensis] and
Browne, 1756: 450 [Mugil argenteus etc.])
Mugil crenilabis Öûr Forskål, 1775: xiv, 74 (not available,
a vernacular name)
Mugil cephalus var. minor Forskål, 1775: xvi (nomen nu-
dum, not available)
Mugil tang Bloch, 1794: 171, pl. 395 (type locality: Acara
on the Guinean coast [Ghana: Accra]; lectotype: ZMB
1785, designated by Paepke, 1999: 102 [but this speci-
men is labelled "Red Sea", status need confirmation])
Mugil Plumieri Bloch, 1794: 173, pl. 396 (type locality:
streams on St. Vincent Island; types: NT)
Mugil crenilabis Öur Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 116 (avail-
able by indication to Mugil crenilabris our of Forskål,
1775: xiv, 74; type locality: Red Sea; holotype: ZMUC
P 71372, Klausewitz & Nielsen, 1965: 26, pl. 36 fig. 67,
Nielsen, 1974: 73)
Cephalus americanus La Cepède, 1803: 388 (not available,
name listed in synonymy)
Mugil cephalus var. cestreo Rafinesque Schmaltz, 1810b:
33, 56 (based on material and/or Rondelet, 1554: 265
[lib. 9. cap. 3]; type locality: Italy: Sicily and localities
cited by Rondelet; types: NT)
Mugil cephalus var. myxone Rafinesque Schmaltz, 1810b:
33, 56 (based on material and/or Rondelet, 1554: 265
[lib. 9. cap. 4]; type locality: Italy: Sicily and localities
cited by Rondelet; types: NT)
Mugil cephalus var. chelone Rafinesque Schmaltz, 1810b:
33, 56 (based on material and/or Rondelet, 1554: 266
[lib. 9. cap. 5]; type locality: Italy: Sicily and localities
cited by Rondelet; types: NT)
Mugil Provensalis Risso, 1810: 346 (type locality: France:
Var River, near Nice; syntypes: apparently lost)
? Mugil curtus Yarrell, 1836 [March]: 210, fig. (type local-
ity: England: between Brownsey Island and South Ha-
ven, at mouth of Poole Harbour; holotype: LU)
Mugil lineatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 96 (type locality: U.S.A.: New York; syntypes:
MNHN 5485 [3], Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 694)
Mugil Constantiae Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 107 (type locality: South Africa: freshwaters near
Constance [Constantia, Cape Town]; syntypes [2]: MNHN
A.3663 [1], A.3664 [1], Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 688)
Mugil cephalotus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 110 (type locality: India: Pondicherry and Mala-
bar Coast [Dussumier's material] / Red Sea; syntypes:
MNHN 8102 [1], A.4645 [1], A.4698 [1], Blanc &
Hureau, 1972: 685, ZMUC P 71372 [material of Mugil
crenilabis our of Forskål, 1775: xiv, 74])
Mugil borbonicus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 113 (type locality: Bourbon Island [Réunion];
holotype: MNHN A.3660, Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 681)
Mugil ciliilabis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836: 151 (type locality: Peru: Callao de Lima; synty-
pes: MNHN A.3627 [7], A.3628 [6], Blanc & Hureau,
1972: 687)
Mugil japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1845: 134, pl. 72
fig. 1 (type locality: Japan: Cape Nomo, and bays of
Nagasaki and Simabara; lectotype: RMNH D.1166, des-
ignated by Boeseman, 1947: 116)
Mugil rammelsbergii Tschudi, 1845: 20 (type locality: Peru:
San Lorenzo Island; syntypes: MZB 1853 [1], 1854 [1],
Kottelat, 1987b: 51; specimens listed as syntype by Tor-
tonese, 1963b: 334 probably have no type status, Kotte-
lat, 1987b: 51)
Mugil Vulpinus Nardo, 1847: 127 (not available, name list-
ed in synonymy)
Mugil Chaptalii Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850: 171, pl. 4 fig. 1
(type locality: U.S.A.: Sandwich Islands [Hawaii]; ho-
lotype: MNHN 8100, Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 685)
Mugil berlandieri Girard, 1858a: 167 (type locality: U.S.A.:
Texas: Indianola, Brazos Santiago, Galveston and St. Jo-
seph Island; syntypes: USNM 763 [4], 764 [12], 765 [5],
766 [8], 767 [12], Eschmeyer, 2011; also in Girard, 1859:
20, pl. 10 figs. 1–4 [with additional locality: Brazos])
Mugil dobula Günther, 1861a: 420, fig. (type locality: Aus-
tralia: Perth / Aneiteum; syntypes [10]: BMNH
1844.2.15.51–52 [2], 1847.6.17.23 [1], 1848.10.25.30
[1], 1848.10.25.32 [1], 1851.2.20.7–8 [2], 1860.7.18.3
[1], Eschmeyer, 2011, Thomson, 1997: 485)
? Mugil Camptosiensis Castelnau, 1861: 48 (type locality:
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282
South Africa: Comptoos River near Algoa Bay; types: NT)
Mugil ashanteënsis Bleeker, 1864r: 91, pl. 19 fig. 2 (type
locality: Guinea [now Ghana]: Ashanti; holotype: RMNH
1631, Boeseman, 1963: 14, pl. 2 fig. 4)
Myxus superficialis Klunzinger, 1870: 831 (type locality:
Egypt: Al-Qusayr [Dor, 1984: 192]; syntypes: SMF 1869
[2 or 3], SMNS 1743 [3], MCZ 3813 [2], ZISP 2640 [2],
ZMB 10511 [1], 7999 [3], Fricke, 1992: 13, Dor, 1984:
192, Eschmeyer, 2011)
Mugil gelatinosus Klunzinger, 1872: 35 (type locality: Aus-
tralia: ? Murray River [Hobson Bay, Victoria; Fricke,
1992: 13]; holotype: SMNS 1563, Fricke, 1992: 13)
? Mugil trichilus Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875: 281 (type lo-
cality: Iles Sandwich [Hawaii]: Honolulu [Blanc &
Hureau, 1971: 700]; syntypes: MNHN 8073 [3], 8074
[3], A-0467 [2], Blanc & Hureau, 1971: 699)
Myxus caecutiens Günther, 1876b: 397 (type locality: Indian
Ocean: Rodriguez Island; syntypes: BMNH 1876.3.11.31–
32 [2], Eschmeyer, 2011, Thomson, 1997: 485)
Mugil mexicanus Steindachner, 1876: 86, pl. 8 (type locali-
ty: Mexico: Acapulco; holotype: NMW 67346, Eschmey-
er, 2011)
Mugil grandis Castelnau, 1879: 386 (type locality: Austra-
lia: N.S.W.: Port Jackson; syntypes: LU)
Mugil tongae Günther, 1880a: 58 (type locality: Tonga Is-
lands: Tongatabu; holotype: BMNH 1879.4.14.497,
Thomson, 1997: 485; also in Günther, 1881: 217)
Mugil Mülleri Klunzinger, 1879: 259 (type locality: West-
ern Australia: King George Sound [Klunzinger, 1880:
395]; holotype: SMNS 2572, lost, Fricke, 1992: 13; in-
correct original spelling, must be emended to muelleri
[Code art. 32.5.2.1]; also in Klunzinger, 1880: 395)
Mugil marginalis De Vis, 1885: 870 (type locality: Austra-
lia: Queensland: Brisbane; syntypes: ? QM I.121 [1, listed
as holotype by Thomson, 1997: 486], I.9774 [1], Esch-
meyer, 2011)
Sparus cetaceus Cabrera, Pérez & Haenseler, in Graells,
1887: 154, 179 (type locality: Spain: "Sea of Andalu-
sia"; types: NT)
Mugil marginatus Saville-Kent, 1889b: 10 (nomen nudum)
Mugil marginatus Saville-Kent, 1893: 370 (incorrect sub-
sequent spelling of Mugil marginalis De Vis, 1885: 870)
Mugil hypselosoma Ogilby, 1897b: 74 (type locality: Aus-
tralia: New South Wales: Port Jackson and Botany Bay;
syntypes [2]: ? QM)
Myxus barnardi Gilchrist & Thompson, 1914: 83 (type lo-
cality: South Africa: Natal: Durban Bay; holotype: SAM
12428, Eschmeyer, 2011)
Myxus lepidopterus Mohr, 1927: 181, fig. 3 (type locality:
Peru; holotype: ZMH 127 [ex 2704], Wilkens & Dohse,
1993: 405)
Myxus flavus Mohr, 1927: 182, fig. 4 (type locality: Mexi-
co: Sinaloa: Mazatlan; lectotype: ZMH 58 [ex 2853],
designated by Ladiges et al., 1958: 162)
Myxus niger Mohr, 1927: 183, fig. 5 (type locality: Peru:
Lima; lectotype: ZMH 174 [ex ZMB 1844], designated
by Ladiges et al., 1958: 162)
Myxus tincoides Mohr, 1927: 186, fig. 8 (type locality:
U.S.A.: North Carolina: Cape Hatteras; lectotype: ZMH
72 [ex 8875], designated by Ladiges et al., 1958: 163)
Mugil bangon Hora, 1933: 135 (not available, name listed
in synonymy)
Mugil peruanus Hildebrand, 1946: 424, fig. 82 (type local-
ity: Peru: Independencia Bay, near La Lagunilla; holo-
type: USNM 127877)
Mugil catalarum Whitley, 1951b: 394 (type locality: New
Caledonia: Bogny River at La Foa; holotype: AMS
IB.2242)
Mugil galapagensis Ebeling, 1961: 296, fig. 1 (type locali-
ty: Galapagos Islands: southeast corner of Barrington
Island; holotype: USNM 190589)
Rhinomugil Gill, 1863
Rhinomugil Gill, 1863b: 169 (type species: Mugil corsula
Hamilton, 1822: 221, by monotypy). Gender masculine.
Squalomugil Ogilby, 1908a: 3, 28 (type species: Mugil na-
sutus De Vis, 1883a: 621, by original designation). Gen-
der masculine.
Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton, 1822)
Mugil corsula Hamilton, 1822: 221, 381, pl. 9 fig. 97 (type
locality: India: "most rivers of the Gangetic provinces";
types: NT)
Mugil squamipinnis Swainson, 1839: 234, 413 (type local-
ity: India: Ganges; holotype: LU; spelt squamopennis
pp. 413, 452, first reviser not researched, possibly Esch-
meyer et al. (1998: 1598) who retained squamipinnis as
correct original spelling)
Mugil protuberans Hora, 1933: 134 (not available, name
listed in synonymy)
Sicamugil Fowler, 1939
Sicamugil Fowler, 1939c: 9 (type species: Mugil hamiltonii
Day, 1870c: 614, by original designation). Gender mas-
culine.
Sicamugil hamiltonii (Day, 1870)
Mugil hamiltonii Day, 1870c: 614 (type locality: Burma:
Irrawaddy, Pegu and other rivers; syntypes: among ZSI
1401 [1], B.150 [1], A.355 [1], BMNH 1889.2.1.3724–
3725 [2], AMS B.7993, NMW 67653, MCZ 17525 [1],
Whitehead & Talwar, 1976: 160, Eschmeyer, 2011, Fer-
raris et al., 2000: 297)
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283
Order ATHERINIFORMES
Family TELMATHERINIDAE
Marosatherina Aarn, Ivantsoff & Kottelat, 1998
Marosatherina Aarn, Ivantsoff & Kottelat, 1998: 319 (type
species: Telmatherina ladigesi Ahl, 1936: 175, by origi-
nal designation). Gender feminine.
Marosatherina ladigesi (Ahl, 1936)
Telmatherina ladigesi Ahl, 1936: 175 (type locality: Indo-
nesia: Sulawesi: "hinterland von Macassar" [back coun-
try of Ujung Pandang]; lectotype: ZMB 21224, desig-
nated by Paepke & Seegers, 1986: 178)
Paratherina Kottelat, 1990
Paratherina Aurich, 1935b: 170 (no type species designa-
tion, name not available; Code art. 13.3)
Paratherina Kottelat, 1990d: 236 (type species: Paratheri-
na wolterecki Aurich, 1935b: 170, by original designa-
tion). Gender feminine.
Paratherina cyanea Aurich, 1935
Paratherina cyanea Aurich, 1935b: 175, fig. 9 (type locali-
ty: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Towuti; syntypes: lost,
Kottelat, 1990d: 237)
Paratherina labiosa Aurich, 1935
Paratherina labiosa Aurich, 1935b: 172, figs. 6a, 7a (type
locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Wawontoa; holotype:
lost, Kottelat, 1990d: 237)
Paratherina striata Aurich, 1935
Paratherina striata Aurich, 1935b: 173, figs. 7c, 8 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lakes Towuti and Wawon-
toa; syntypes: lost, Kottelat, 1990d: 237)
Paratherina wolterecki Aurich, 1935
Paratherina wolterecki Aurich, 1935b: 170, figs. 6b, 7b (type
locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Towuti at Telok Ba-
laote, about 8 km south of Timampu [original type lo-
cality: Lake Mahalona]; neotype: ZRC 38448 [was on
loan as ZSM 27767], designated by Kottelat, 1990d: 238)
Telmatherina Boulenger, 1897
Telmatherina Boulenger, 1897b: 428 (type species: Telma-
therina celebensis Boulenger, 1897b: 428, by monoty-
py). Gender feminine.
Telmatherina abendanoni Weber, 1913
Telmatherina Abendanoni Weber, 1913b: 208, fig. 6 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Matano at Soroako;
lectotype: ZMA 103.195, designated by Kottelat, 1991a:
324 [listed as holotype by Hoedeman, 1960: 217])
Telmatherina albolabiosa Tantu & Nilawati, 2008
Telmatherina albolabiosus Tantu & Nilawati, 2008: 21, fig. 1
(type locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Matano; syn-
types [5]: LU)
Telmatherina antoniae Kottelat, 1991
Telmatherina antoniae Kottelat, 1991a: 327, figs. 3–5 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Matano at Mengonu-
wai; holotype: MZB 5886)
Telmatherina bonti Weber & de Beaufort, 1922
Telmatherina bonti Weber & de Beaufort, 1922: 280 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Towuti; syntypes:
ZMA 103.193 [2], Kottelat, 1990d: 229 or ZMA 110.177
[1], 110.178 [1], Nijssen et al., 1993: 215)
Telmatherina celebensis Boulenger, 1897
Telmatherina celebensis Boulenger, 1897b: 428, pl. 28 fig. 3
(type locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Towuti [erro-
neously given as Lake Matano by Boulenger; see Kotte-
lat, 1990d: 233, Kottelat & Sutter, 1988: 56]; lectotype:
NMBA 1116, designated by Kottelat, 1990d: 233)
Telmatherina obscura Kottelat, 1991
Telmatherina obscura Kottelat, 1991a: 330, fig. 7 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Matano at Mengonu-
wai; holotype: MZB 5853)
Telmatherina opudi Kottelat, 1991
Telmatherina opudi Kottelat, 1991a: 332, figs. 9–10 (type
locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Matano about 2 km
south-east of Matano; holotype: MZB 5846)
Telmatherina prognatha Kottelat, 1991
Telmatherina prognatha Kottelat, 1991a: 335, figs. 12–13
(type locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Matano east
of Soroako; holotype: MZB 13211)
Telmatherina sarasinorum Kottelat, 1991
Telmatherina sarasinorum Kottelat, 1991a: 337, figs. 15–
16 (type locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Matano at
Mengonuwai; holotype: MZB 5848)
Telmatherina wahjui Kottelat, 1991
Telmatherina wahjui Kottelat, 1991a: 340, fig. 18 (type lo-
cality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Matano at Alaponke-
pi, outlet of lake; holotype: MZB 5854)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
284
Family PHALLOSTETHIDAE
Taxonomic notes. Revised by Parenti (1989).
Gulaphallus Herre, 1925
Gulaphallus Herre, 1925b: 508 (type species: Gulaphallus
eximius Herre, 1925b: 509, by subsequent designation
by Myers, 1928: 9). Gender masculine.
Mirophallus Herre, 1926c: 539 (type species: Mirophallus
bikolanus Herre, 1926c: 540, by monotypy). Gender
masculine.
Acanthostethus Herre, 1939c: 142 (type species: Gulaphal-
lus falcifer Manacop, 1936: 375, by original designa-
tion; junior homonym of Acanthostethus Smith, 1869:
306 in Hymenoptera). Gender masculine.
Manacopus Herre, 1940c: 141 (replacement name for Acan-
thostethus Herre, 1939c: 142). Gender masculine.
Gulaphallus bikolanus (Herre, 1926)
Mirophallus bikolanus Herre, 1926c: 540, pl. 3 (type local-
ity: Philippines: Luzon: Camarines Sur Province: Lake
Bato; lectotype: CAS-SU 24475, designated by Böhlke,
1953: 68; spelt bicolanos on pl. 3, considered to be an
inadvertent error, thus incorrect original spelling [Code
art. 32.5.1])
Gulaphallus eximius Herre, 1925
Gulaphallus eximius Herre, 1925b: 509, pl. 1, pl. 2 figs. 1–
2 (type locality: Philippines: Luzon: Nueva Vizcaya Prov-
ince: creek at Santa Fe; lectotype: CAS-SU 24474, des-
ignated by Böhlke, 1953: 68)
Gulaphallus falcifer Manacop, 1936
Gulaphallus falcifer Manacop, 1936: 375, pl. 1 (type local-
ity: Philippines: Luzon: Pampanga Province: pond at
Barrio Laput, Mexico; holotype: BSM 31778, lost)
Gulaphallus mirabilis Herre, 1925
Gulaphallus mirabilis Herre, 1925b: 511, pl. 2 figs. 3–5 (type
locality: Philippines: Luzon: Bulacan Province: mouth
of Ibo Creek, tributary of Angat River, about 60 km north-
east of Manila; syntypes [48]: USNM 104412 [2], BSM,
lost, Eschmeyer, 2011)
Gulaphallus panayensis (Herre, 1942)
Neostethus panayensis Herre, 1942b: 153 (type locality:
Philippines: Panay: Capiz; holotype: CAS-SU 36539,
Böhlke, 1953: 68, Parenti, 1989: 275)
Neostethus Regan, 1916
Neostethus Regan, 1916b: 2 (type species: Neostethus
lankesteri Regan, 1916b: 2, by original designation [use
of "gen. et sp. nov.", Code art. 68.2.1]). Gender mascu-
line.
Plectrostethus Myers, 1935a: 5 (type species: Plectrostethus
palawanensis Myers, 1935a: 5, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Ceratostethus Myers, 1937: 141 (type species: Neostethus
bicornis Regan, 1916b: 14, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Solenophallus Aurich, 1937: 264 (no type species designat-
ed, name not available)
Ctenophallus Herre, 1939c: 144 (type species: Solenophal-
lus ctenophorus Aurich, 1937: 272, by monotypy). Gen-
der masculine.
Sandakanus Herre, 1942b: 151 (subgenus of Neostethus
Regan, 1916b: 2; type species: Neostethus borneensis
Herre, 1939c: 143, by original designation). Gender
masculine.
Solenophallus Herre, 1953a: 242 (type species: Solenophal-
lus thessa Aurich, 1937: 264, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Neostethus amaricola (Villadolid & Manacop, 1935)
Gulaphallus amaricola Villadolid & Manacop, 1935: 194,
pl. 1 (type locality: Philippines: Luzon: Rizal Province:
sloughs of Manila Bay near Pasay; syntypes: College of
Agriculture, University of Philippines, lost ?, Parenti,
1989: 270)
Nomenclatural notes. Words ending in -cola and meaning
'inhabitant of' are nouns and amaricola does not have to
agree in gender with Neostethus.
Neostethus bicornis Regan, 1916
Neostethus bicornis Regan, 1916b: 14, fig. 11 (type locali-
ty: Malaysia: Kuala Langat, brackish water; lectotype:
BMNH 1937.12.9.4, designated by Parenti, 1989: 270)
Tominanga Kottelat, 1990
Tominanga Kottelat, 1990d: 241 (type species: Tominanga
aurea Kottelat, 1990d: 241, by original designation).
Gender feminine.
Tominanga aurea Kottelat, 1990
Tominanga aurea Kottelat, 1990d: 241, fig. 12 (type local-
ity: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Mahalona, southern coast;
holotype: MZB 5878)
Tominanga sanguicauda Kottelat, 1990
Tominanga sanguicauda Kottelat, 1990d: 244, figs. 14–15
(type locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi: Lake Towuti: mouth
of cold tributary about 7 km south of Timampu, Tand-
jung Balaote; holotype: MZB 5880)
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285
Neostethus borneensis Herre, 1939
Neostethus borneensis Herre, 1939c: 143 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah: Sandakan District: Kabili Riv-
er; lectotype: CAS-SU 33018, by present designation
[listed as holotype by Parenti, 1989: 271]; also in Herre,
1940a: 14, pls. 10–11)
Neostethus coronensis Herre, 1942b: 152 (type locality:
Philippines: Busuanga: Coron; holotype: CAS-SU
36542, Böhlke, 1953: 68, Parenti, 1989: 271)
Neostethus ctenophorus (Aurich, 1937)
Solenophallus ctenophorus Aurich, 1937: 272, fig. 1b (type
locality: Philippines: Luzon: tributaries of Laguna de
Bay; types: lost, Parenti, 1989: 272, Kottelat, pers. obs.)
Neostethus djajaorum Parenti & Louie, 1998
Neostethus djajaorum Parenti & Louie, 1998: 142, fig. 3
(type locality: Indonesia: Sulawesi Selatan: Ujung Pan-
dang: Gowa District: irrigation ditch approximately 5 km
SE of road from Ujung Pandang to Patalasang; approx.
5°07'S 119°24'E; holotype: MZB 6730)
Neostethus lankesteri Regan, 1916
Neostethus lankesteri Regan, 1916b: 2, fig. 2 (type locality:
Malaysia: Johor: mouth of Muar River at Banda Maha-
rani; lectotype: BMNH 1937.12.9.7, designated by
Parenti, 1989: 269)
Neostethus siamensis Myers, 1937: 139 (type locality: Thai-
land: Chantaburi Province: estuary of Chantaburi River;
holotype: USNM 102140)
Neostethus palawanensis (Myers, 1935)
Plectrostethus palawanensis Myers, 1935a: 5 (type locali-
ty: Philippines: Palawan: mouth of Caiholo River, Ulu-
gan Bay, west coast of Palawan; holotype: USNM 93421,
Parenti, 1989: 271)
Neostethus robertsi Parenti, 1989
Neostethus robertsi Parenti, 1989: 272, figs. 12–13 (type
locality: Philippines: Luzon: Pangasinan Province: Ca-
lasiao River about 12 km north of San Carlos City; holo-
type: CAS 50723)
Neostethus thessa (Aurich, 1937)
Solenophallus thessa Aurich, 1937: 264, fig. 1a (type local-
ity: Philippines: Mindanao: Lake Mainit; types: lost,
Parenti, 1989: 272, Kottelat, pers. obs.)
Neostethus villadolidi Herre, 1942
Neostethus villadolidi Herre, 1942b: 150 (type locality: Phil-
ippines: Mindanao: Misamis Oriental Province: swamp
next to Fishery Experimental Station at Cagayan de Mis-
amis; holotype: CAS-SU 36537 [not 23637], Böhlke,
1953: 68, Parenti, 1989: 271)
Neostethus zamboangae Herre, 1942
Neostethus zamboangae Herre, 1942b: 153 (type locality:
Philippines: Mindanao: near Fishery Station at Zamboan-
ga; holotype: CAS-SU 36544, Böhlke, 1953: 68, Paren-
ti, 1989: 271)
Phallostethus Regan, 1913
Phallostethus Regan, 1913d: 549 (type species: Phal-
lostethus dunckeri Regan, 1913d: 550, by monotypy).
Gender masculine.
Phallostethus dunckeri Regan, 1913
Phallostethus dunckeri Regan, 1913d: 550, figs. 1–4 (type
locality: Malaysia: Johor: Muar River near Bandar Ma-
harani; lectotype: ZMH 193 [formerly 8554], designat-
ed by Ladiges et al., 1958: 161)
Phallostethus lehi Parenti, 1996
Phallostethus lehi Parenti, 1996: 705, fig. 3 (type locality:
Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Kuching: tidal portion of
Sungai Sarawak between boat launch at fish market and
just past State Mosque, 1°33'N 110°25'E; holotype:
USNM 329349)
Phenacostethus Myers, 1928
Phenacostethus Myers, 1928: 6 (type species: Phenaco-
stethus smithi Myers, 1928: 6, by original designation).
Gender masculine.
Phenacostethus posthon Roberts, 1971
Phenacostethus posthon Roberts, 1971: 12, figs. 3, 5, 6 [not
7] (type locality: Thailand: Phangnga Province: Khlong
Kla Sohm about 15 km southwest of Pungah [Phang-
nga], where it is crossed by a bridge on Pakasem Road
(between Pungah [Phangnga] and Phuket; holotype:
MCZ 43700)
Phenacostethus smithi Myers, 1928
Phenacostethus smithi Myers, 1928: 6, figs. 1–2 (type lo-
cality: Thailand: Bangkok, freshwater stream; holotype:
AMNH 9247)
Phenacostetethus thai Fowler, 1937: 219, figs. 189–190
(type locality: Thailand: Bangkok; holotype: ANSP
51352, Böhlke, 1984: 140)
Phenacostethus trewavasae Parenti, 1986
Phenacostethus trewavasae Parenti, 1986: 226, figs. 1 (type
locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak: Fourth Division:
Sungei Kejin Tugang, tributary of Sungei Kejin, Baram
basin, 0°41'30"N 114°27'15"E; holotype: ROM 41826)
Kottelat: Inland fishes of Southeast Asia
286
Family ATHERINIDAE
Atherinomorus Fowler, 1903
Atherinomorus Fowler, 1903b: 730 (subgenus of Atherina
Linnaeus, 1758: 315; type species: Atherina laticeps
Poey, 1860: 265, by original designation). Gender mas-
culine.
Pranesus Whitley, 1930c: 9 (type species: Pranesus ogilbyi
Whitley, 1930c: 9, by original designation [use of "gen.
et sp. nov.", Code art. 68.2.1]). Gender masculine.
Thoracatherina Fowler, 1941b: 249 (type species: Atherina
insularum Jordan & Evermann, 1903: 170, by original
designation). Gender feminine.
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Ivantsoff & Crowley
(1991).
Atherinomorus aetholepis Kimura, Iwatsuki & Yoshino,
2002
Atherinomorus aetholepis Kimura, Iwatsuki & Yoshino,
2002: 241, fig. 1 (type locality: Indonesia: Ambon: Ba-
guala Bay; holotype: MNHN 2001-1247)
Atherinomorus duodecimalis (Valenciennes, in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1835)
Atherina duodecimalis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes, 1835: 458 (type locality: Sri Lanka; holotype:
MNHN A.4382, Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 705, Kimura et
al., 2001: 174, fig. 5a)
Atherina balabacensis Seale, 1910a: 498, pl. 3 fig. 2 (type
locality: Philippines: Balabac: near mouth of small
stream; holotype: BSM 4983, lost)
Atherinomorus endrachtensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1925)
Atherina endrachtensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825: 334 (type
locality: Australia: "baie des Chiens-Marins, terre
d'Endracht" [Western Australia: Shark Bay; possibly er-
roneous, hypothesised to be in New Guinea or Waigeo
by Kimura et al., 2001: 172]; lectotype: MNHN A.4385,
fig. 1A, by present designation)
Atherina lineata Günther, 1872d: 398 (type locality: Philip-
pines: Cebu; lectotype: BMNH 1872.10.18.58, designat-
ed by Kimura et al., 2001: 168, fig. 1b)
Nomenclatural notes. Kimura et al. (2001: 171) consider
the original description of A. endrachtensis to have been
based on a single specimen, which they treat as holotype,
although MNHN has 5 specimens (including 2 from the same
jar as the holotype) collected together by Quoy & Gaimard.
They do not give their reason for deciding that the remain-
ing 4 specimens are not part of the type series (Code art.
72.4.1). In the absence of contrary evidence, I do not see
anything in the original description allowing it to be con-
cluded that Quoy & Gaimard's description was based on a
single specimen. The specimen considered to be the holo-
type (MNHN A.4385) by Kimura et al. is here designated as
lectotype.
Atherinomorus lacunosus (Forster, in Schneider, 1801)
Atherina lacunosa Forster, in Schneider, 1801: xxxi, 112
(type locality: New Caledonia; holotype: MNHN A.4400,
Bauchot, 1969: 129, Blanc & Hureau, 1972: 706, White-
head & Ivantsoff, 1983: 358, fig. 1, Kimura et al., 2007:
151, fig. 8a)
Atherina pinguis La Cepède, 1803: 372, 373, 376, pl. 11
fig. 1 (type locality: Réunion: west coast, 1.6 km south
of St-Leu, 21°11'51"S 55°16'53"E [original type locali-
ty: not stated; probably Mauritius]; neotype: SMNS
20821, designated by Fricke, 1999a: 112; invalid neo-
type designation by Kimura et al., 2007: 151, fig. 9a)
? Atherina affinis Bennett, 1832: 166 (type locality: Mauri-
tius; type: NT; invalid neotype designation by Fricke,
1999a: 113 [no justification, Code art. 75.1])
? Atherina punctata Bennett, 1833a: 184 (type locality:
Mauritius; type: NT; invalid neotype designation by
Fricke, 1999a: 113 [no justification, Code art. 75.1])
Atherina morrisi Jordan & Starks, 1906: 697, fig. 3 (type
locality: Japan: Yakushima: Miyanoura [Tanegashima;
Böhlke, 1953: 65]; holotype: CAS-SU 9359, Böhlke,
1953: 65, Springer & Eschmeyer, 1974: 567, Whitehead
& Ivantsoff, 1983: 358, Kimura et al., 2007: 151, fig. 8a
[as CAS-SU 9354])
Hepsetia pinguis mineri Nichols & Roemhild, 1951: 57,
fig. 1 (type locality: Samoa: Pago Pago; holotype:
AMNH 19519, Kimura et al., 2007: 151, fig. 8c)
Pranesus capricornensis Woodland, 1961: 540, fig. 1 (type
locality: Australia: Capricorn Group, Heron Island; ho-
lotype: QM I.8201, Kimura et al., 2007: 151, fig. 8d)
Pranesus maculatus Taylor, 1964: 140, pl. 26 (type locali-
ty: Australia: Northern Territory: coral reef at Yirrkala;
holotype: AMS IB.5238, Paxton et al., 1989: 356, White-
head & Ivantsoff, 1983: 358, Kimura et al., 2007: 151,
fig. 8e)
Pranesus pinguis ruppelli Smith, 1965: 611, pl. 99 fig. B
(type locality: Red Sea: Saudi Arabia: Jiddah [Jeddah];
holotype: SMF 6858 [same specimen listed as SMF 6856
by Kimura et al., 2007: 151, fig. 8f, who listed SMF
6858 as P. forskalii; specimens have possibly been in-
terchanged after 1965 ?])
Taxonomic notes. Synonymy follows Kimura et al. (2007).
Atherina forskalii usually listed as a synonym of Atherino-
morus lacunosus is a valid species endemic to the Red Sea
(Kimura et al., 2007: 146).
Nomenclatural notes. See under A. nesogallicus.
[Atherina Forskålii Rüppell, 1838: 132, pl. 33 fig. 1 (type locality: Red
Sea; lectotype: SMF 1898 designated by Smith, 1965b: 617, pl. 99
fig. F [not by Dor, 1984: 67], Kimura et al., 2007: 149, fig. 1a [as
holotype])]
Atherinomorus nesogallicus (Cuvier, 1829)
Atherina neso-gallica Cuvier, 1829: 235 (available by indi-
cation to La Cepède, 1803: pl. 11, fig. 1, which is
THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2013
287
A. pinguis [figured specimen not conspecific with La
Cepède's description, see Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Va-
lenciennes, 1835: 448]; type locality: not stated, but Isle-
de-France in Commerson's manuscript [Réunion; Valen-
ciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835: 450]; holo-
type: model of figured specimen)
Atherina pectoralis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valencien-
nes, 1835: 447 (type locality: Mauritius; lectotype:
MNHN A.4305, designated by Kimura et al., 2007: 155,
fig. 9b)
Nomenclatural notes. The original type material of A. pin-
guis is lost. Because he could not determine its identity on
the basis of the original description and illustration, Fricke
(1999a: 112) designated SMNS 20821 as neotype. Later,
Fricke (2000) "withdrew" this neotype designation. The
Code does not allow the withdrawal of nomenclatural acts.
The neotype designation fulfilled all the requirements of the
Code and therefore it is valid.
Kimura et al. (2007) showed that two species have been
mixed in the synonymy of A. lacunosus and they retained
A. pinguis as the name of the second species. They desig-
nated a neotype for A. pinguis (probably misled by Fricke's
invalid "withdrawal" of his earlier designation). This sec-
ond neotype designation is invalid. Kimura et al. (2007: 152)
identified the neotype of A. pinguis (SMNS 20821) as
A. lacunosus, which makes A. pinguis a junior synonym of
A. lacunosus.
Therefore, the valid name of A. 'pinguis' of Kimura et al.
should be the oldest of the synonyms that they listed. They
listed only A. pectoralis Valenciennes, 1835 for which they
designated a lectotype. They discussed A. affinis Bennett,
1832 and A. punctata Bennett, 1833a and concluded that
they cannot be identified and they left them as nomina dubia.
Kimura et al. did not mention the earlier A. nesogallica