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Research Article
Bidyut Kumar Jana
, IJPRBS, 2013
Availab
CYPSELAR
CHARACTER
(ASTERACEAE), O
BIDYUT KU
Taxonomy and
Biosystemat
Accepted Date:
22/02/2013
Publish Date:
27/02/2013
Keywords
Cypselar morphology,
Senecioneae,
Asteraceae
Corresponding Author
Mr. Bidyut Kumar Jana
IJPRBS-QR CODE
RBS, 2013; Volume 2(1
): 261-266
Available Online At www.ijprbs.com
RACTERS OF SOME SPECIES OF THE TRIBE
-
CEAE), ON THE BASIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL ST
YUT KUMAR
JANA,
SOBHAN KUMAR MUKHERJEE
ystematics Laboratory, Department of Botany, Univ
Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
Abstract
This paper deals with the detail morpholo
mature cypselas of some species (
Senecio
MacMill.; Doronicum grandiflorum
Lam.;
Cass. ) of the tribe-
Senecioneae, with
microscope. Morphologically, special e
given on some exomorphic
features includi
and size of the ribs and furrows; di
stribu
surface twin hairs; structure and thick
carpopodia and type and distribution of pap
ISSN: 2277-8713
IJPRBS
SENECIONEAE
GICAL STUDY
HERJEE
ny, Unive
rsity of Kalyani,
orphological structures of
Senecio ovatus
( Walter)
Lam.;
Homogyne alpina
e, with the help of light
ecial e
mphasis has been
s including number, shape
stribution and types of
nd thickness of cells in
on of pappus bristles.
PAPER-QR CODE
Research Article ISSN: 2277-8713
Bidyut Kumar Jana, IJPRBS, 2013; Volume 2(1): 261-266 IJPRBS
Available Online At www.ijprbs.com
INTRODUCTION
The Senecioneae is cosmopolitan, (Bremer,
1996) and one of the largest tribes in the
family Asteraceae with 100 genera
(Nordenstam, 1977, Jeffrey, 1992) and
3,400 species (Hind, 1993). In this tribe
secondary compound (pyrrolizidine
alkaloids) is present (Mabry and Bohlmann,
1977). Exomorphic character of cypselas
have been applied for better
identification purposes in conventional
taxonomic description of different genera
and species of the tribe Senecioneae
(Nordenstam 1977,Jeffrey and Chen 1984,
Hind 1993). The purpose of the present
study is to show the detail morphological
characters of studied cypselas.
MATERIALS AND SOURCES:
Mature, identified, disease free cypselas
were collected from foreign Herbarium,
which are given in the table- 1
Methods:
Morphological study
For morphological study, cypselas were
softened by boiled in water, then they were
soaked in 2N KOH solution for one to three
days depending on the amount of
mechanical tissue within the pericarp.
Softened cypselas were crushed "and
stressed for measurement of relative
thickness of ribs and furrows. Different
parts of cypselas were mounted in phenol
glycerine after staining with 0.1% aqueous
safranin solution.
RESULTS
Doronicum grandiflorum
Morphology (Fig. 1 D-G)
Cypsela heteromorphic. Ray cypsela 9 mm x
1 mm including pappus, 4 mm x 1 mm
excluding pappus, yellow brown, narrow
oblong, straight, upper part truncate
whereas lower part tapered. Disk cypsela
6mm x 0.5 mm including pappus, 3 mm x
0.5 mm excluding pappus, yellow brown,
linear, straight. More or less rounded in
cross section. Surface pubescent. Surface
hair inclined in orientation with the cypselar
wall, made up of body and basal cells,
approximately 30 µ in length. The tip
portion of body cells are arranged in
different plain. Surface containing 11 ribs,
conspicuous, alternating with furrow.
Furrows wider than ribs. At the upper
portion of cypsela, pappus present;
homomorphic, represented by 35-42
barbellate pappus bristles, unequal in
Research Article ISSN: 2277-8713
Bidyut Kumar Jana, IJPRBS, 2013; Volume 2(1): 261-266 IJPRBS
Available Online At www.ijprbs.com
length, white yellow in colour. At the upper
portion of cypsela, stylopodium present,
inconspicuous, fully immersed in the
nectary. At the basal region of cypsela,
carpopodium present, same as the
diameter of the base of cypsela, basal in
position, symmetric, complete ring like.
Carpopodial cells with thick - walled,
square, large, not pitted, arranged in single
row.
Homogyne alpina
Morphology (Fig 1 H-J)
Cypsela homomorphic, 10 mm x 0.5 mm
including pappus, 5 mm x 0.5 mm excluding
pappus, dark brown, oblong-linear, straight,
tapered at both the ends, rounded in cross
sectional configuration. Surface rough and
glabrous, containing 8 ribs, alternating with
furrow. Furrows wider than ribs. At the
upper portion of cypsela, stylopodium
present; inconspicuous, fully immersed in to
the nectary. Pappus homomorphic,
represented by 35-40, unequally arranged,
barbellate pappus bristles, white, arranged
in single circle. At the basal region of
cypsela, carpopodium present; narrow than
the base, symmetric, ring like. Carpopodial
cells with thick walled, not pitted, large,
barrel shape, arranged in single circle.
Senecio ovatus
Morphology (Fig 1 A-C)
Cypsela homomorphic, 5 mm x 1 mm,
yellow brown, oblong, slightly curved,
upper part truncate whereas lower part
tapered, ellipsoidal in cross sectional
configuration. Surface rough and glabrous,
containing 9 ribs, alternating with furrow.
Furrows wider than ribs. The distance
between 2 ribs 6 μ. Surface hair absent. At
the upper part of cypsela, stylopodium
present; enlarge, dome shape, partially
immersed in the nectary. At the upper part
of cypsela, pappus absent. At the basal part
of cypsela, carpopodium present, narrow
than the base, ring like. Carpopodial cells
with thick-walled, more or less
quadrangular, small, not pitted, arranged in
3 rows.
DISCUSSIONS
Three species of the tribe Senecioneae have
been studied to observe the detail morpho-
anatomical characters of cypselas. In the
cypsela of Doronicum grandiflorum,
heteromorphism is present whereas in
remaining studied cypselas are
Research Article ISSN: 2277-8713
Bidyut Kumar Jana, IJPRBS, 2013; Volume 2(1): 261-266 IJPRBS
Available Online At www.ijprbs.com
homomorphic in nature. In the cypselas of
studied species, shape, size, colour etc. are
also variable. Though, any one character
among them is not an important
morphological character. Presence of
pappus bristles is an important
morphological character. The function of
pappus is to the dispersal of cypselas of
Asteraceae. Another function of pappus
structure is the protection against
predation on the fruits or ovaries, as
discussed by Stuessy & Garver (1996). The
pappus structure is also variable in the
family Asteraceae. It may be scabrid setose,
simple setose, serrulate setose, barbellate
setose, plumose setose, paleaceous setose
etc. Among the studied cypselas, in case of
the cypsela of Doronicum grandiflorum and
Homogyne alpina, barbellate pappus
bristles are present whereas in case of the
remaining cypsela ( Senecio ovatus )
pappus is absent. The pappus is a
taxonomically important and useful organ
in Asteraceae, as noted by many
synantherologists including, of course,
Cassini (e.g., 1827). Stylopodium is another
morphological character which is present at
the upper part of cypsela. It is actually the
modified style base. In the cypsela of
Senecio ovatus, stylopodium is enlarged and
dome shape. In the cypselas of remaining
studied species, stylopodia are
inconspicuously developed. At the basal
region of cypsela, carpopodium is present.
It is a meristematic zone, by which; cypsela
is attached with thalamus. In case of the
studied cypselas, carpopodia are always
symmetric and carpopodial cells are varies
from 1-3 rows. From the above
morphological observations, we can clearly
separate the studied cypselas.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are grateful to the Directors and
Curators of the herbarium (Botanischer
Garten der Universitat Zurich (Z)) for
supplying identified cypselas for this study.
Research Article ISSN: 2277-8713
Bidyut Kumar Jana, IJPRBS, 2013; Volume 2(1): 261-266 IJPRBS
Available Online At www.ijprbs.com
Table 1
Materials Sources
1. Doronicum grandiflorum Lam. Botanischer Garten der Universitat Zurich (Z).
CHOZ 20031709
2. Homogyne alpina Cass. Botanischer Garten der Universitat Zurich (Z).
CHOZ 20042004
3. Senecio ovatus (Walter) MacMill. Botanischer Garten der Universitat Zurich (Z).
CHOZ- 20080790
Research Article ISSN: 2277-8713
Bidyut Kumar Jana, IJPRBS, 2013; Volume 2(1): 261-266 IJPRBS
Available Online At www.ijprbs.com
REFERENCES
1. Cassini H: Saussuress. In: Cuvier, G. (Ed.).
Dictionriaire des Sciences Naturelles. 1827;
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2. Stuessy TF and Garver D: The defensive
role of pappus in heads of Compositae. In:
Caligari, P. D. S. & Hind, D. J.N. (Eds.).
Compositae: Biology & Utilization, Proceed.
Intem. Compositae Conf. Kew 1994; 2: 8l-
91. Royal Bot. Gard. Kew.
3. Bremer K: Major clades and grades of the
Asteraceae. In: D.J.N. HIND & H.J. 1996.
4. Beentje, (Eds.), Proceedings of the
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6. Jeffrey C: The tribe Senecioneae
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8. Mabry, T.J. & F. Bohlmann, 1977.
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