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Exclusion from the Nation
Abstract
Using data from the 2007 survey on "Realms of Exclusion in Poland" this article examines Poles' attitudes toward immigrants and ethnic minorities, particularly Roma, Jews, Vietnamese, and Ukrainians. The analysis explores the relationship between the criteria of inclusion of foreigners in the Polish nation and opinions on the reasons for their exclusion. The main thesis of the study is that in Poland, as in other countries of the European Union, there is a transformation of the legitimate forms of exclusion from the nation: from exclusion of internal ethnic minorities to external foreigners (immigrants and refugees) and from collectivistic to individualistic forms of inclusion and exclusion based on universalistic criteria. The analysis shows the influence of the socioeconomic situation and political views on social distance from ethnic minorities. A tendency to exclude others from the national community is strongest among those who find themselves in a condition perceived as a cause of social exclusion; those who feel themselves excluded tend to exclude others. Support for Poland's membership in the European Union has a significant effect on open and tolerant attitudes toward ethnic minorities and immigrants.
... dnostima/resursima i cesto se u javnom diskursu kao takvi i predstavljaju, dobiveni rezultati ne iznenaduju. Na traguje toga i nalaz kako su nize obrazovani pojedinci skloniji iskazivanju predrasuda spram sviju cetiriju analiziranih skupina. To su u praviiu pokazivale i ranije studije (usp. Quillian, 1995.;Semyonov i sur., 2004.;Zick i sur., 2008.;Jasinska-Kania, 2009.), naglasavajuCi kako je teznja vecem iskazivanju socijalne distance karakteristicnija za osobe koje same sebe iii uvjete u kojima zive dozivljavaju »iskljucujucima« iii marginaliziranijima (npr. nizeg su obrazovanja, dozivljavaju svoju materijalnu situaciju losijom, imaju nizu poziciju na radnom mjestu, stariji su iii zive u manjim mjest ...
... nizeg su obrazovanja, dozivljavaju svoju materijalnu situaciju losijom, imaju nizu poziciju na radnom mjestu, stariji su iii zive u manjim mjestima). To posebice pokazuju studije socijalne distance spram migranata, gdje je vjerojatnije da ce se, sukladno teoriji integrirane prijetnje te koncepta realisticne prijetnje, osobe nizega ekonomskog, socijalnog iii kulturnog kapitala bojati kako ce stranci jos vise smanjiti pristup vee oskudnim resursima te oslabiti nacionalni identitet sto ce pridonijeti iskazivanju antiimigrantskih stavova (Schneider, 2008;Jasinska-Kania, 2009.). Sukladno tome potvrdiia se i ocekivana negativna veza izmedu veliCine mjesta i iskazivanja socijalne distance (usp. ...
Ovaj rad pobliže proučava iskazivanje predrasuda prema četiri skupine koje su u društvima poput hrvatskog percipirane kao drugačije: Romima, homoseksualcima, Muslimanima i imigrantima, kao i čimbenike tih predrasuda. U radu se fokusiramo na postkomunističke zemlje koje uspoređujemo s južnoeuropskim zemljama koje nisu proživjele turbulentnost postkomunističke transformacije, ali su po mnogim obilježjima slične postkomunističkim društvima. Ova usporedba omogućava bolje razumijevanje širih obrazaca iskazivanja predrasuda u različitim društvenim kontekstima. Također, kako analiziramo iskazivanje predrasuda prema međusobno vrlo različitim skupinama, ova analiza omogućuje i dodatni uvid u mehanizame iskazivanja predrasuda prema skupinama čija se „drugačijost“ temelji na različitim kriterijima (etnicitet/rasa, seksualnost, religija, percipirana ekonomska i/ili kulturna prijetnja). Iskazivanje predrasuda promatramo pomoću koncepta socijalne distance prema Romima, homoseksualcima, Muslimanima i imigrantima na temelju rezultata Europske studije vrednota (EVS) iz 2008. godine.
Drawing on trail anthropology and the notion of the through line of action, this article tracks the feeling of awkwardness I experienced in an imaginative ethnography project I conducted in collaboration with a Polish Romani woman, Randia, in an attempt to re-envision anthropology as an engaged, collaborative and interventionist practice. I follow the trail, its offshoots and connections to arrive at what I call an awkward anthropology, which entails a radical and imaginative epistemic politics. Reflecting on how working at the intersections of ethnography, performance, storytelling and fiction shifted reflexivity from the purview of the anthropologist to that of the interlocutor, I propose an imaginative and creative praxis as a starting point for reinventing anthropology.
This article examines the potential of a transdisciplinary ethnographic approach that bridges ethnography, performance, storytelling, and imagination to contribute to an activist research practice within anthropology and other disciplines. It focuses on my current research project that studies, by means of dramatic storytelling, the impact of migration on Polish Romani women’s experiences of aging. In the dramatic storytelling sessions, the ethnographer and the interlocutor stepped into character and co-performed fictional stories loosely based on their own lives. Situating the project within the context of an “imaginative ethnography” that is concerned with people’s imaginative lifeworlds, and methodological experimentations at the ground level of fieldwork, this article discusses the ways the project challenged traditional conceptions of engagement and advocacy. It considers the silence—“quiet theatre”—that engulfed the interlocutor–ethnographer interactions in the storytelling sessions as a form of radical empathic politics that works through affect, projective approximation, and empathy. In doing so, the article proposes a conceptualization of interventionist research practice as a contextually specific particularity that takes to task the meanings of politics in academic activism.
Cross-cultural attitudes are gaining more importance as contacts between people from different cultures are increasing in a globalized world. This is particularly the case and relevant for the tourism industry. The major purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cross-cultural attitudes and the attitudes toward foreign language within the tourism education context. An empirical study of 482 tourism students in South Korea revealed that cross-cultural attitudes had significant associations with attitudes toward studying a foreign language. Specifically, the ‘integrative attitude’, among the three types of attitudes toward foreign language study, showed the highest relationship with the ‘cross-cultural attitude’, being followed by the ‘intrinsically motivated attitude’. However, the ‘instrumental attitude’ showed no significant relationship. Based on these findings, a need to approach language study from cultural perspectives is emphasized, suggesting a provision of programs and activities inspiring direct and indirect contacts with foreign cultures and people. The integration of cultural aspects of the tourism industry into foreign language study was also discussed in this context. Finally, the study's results were compared with those of previous studies and a tentative generalization that foreign language study has an effect in reducing social distance was proposed.
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