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Ramaria Subgenus Lentoramaria with Emphasis on North American Taxa
Mycologia
... Based on Rick's description and the data results from our microscopic analysis these collections refer to Ramaria stricta. This species has straight and ascending branches, dull yellowish buff with yellow tips, and the surface of the basidiomes discolor to purplish brown when damaged (Petersen 1975). The thick-walled hyphae, clamped and indistinctly roughned basidiospores are diagnostic characters (Thind 1961;Petersen 1975). ...
... This species has straight and ascending branches, dull yellowish buff with yellow tips, and the surface of the basidiomes discolor to purplish brown when damaged (Petersen 1975). The thick-walled hyphae, clamped and indistinctly roughned basidiospores are diagnostic characters (Thind 1961;Petersen 1975). The yellowish color of the hymenium and the subhymenium is caused by the guttula of the basidia (Corner 1950). ...
Seventy-two clavarioid specimens from Johannes Rick's collection at PACA and BPI were revised. Eleven taxa are presented. Illustrations of the microstructures are provided for nine taxa. The description of Scytinopogon robustus includes information from recently collected specimens and SEM photographs of the basidiospores. A new combination, Clavulina ridleyi, is proposed.
... The spores have warts or lobes, which are rounded, and regularly linked to form ridges or waves known as verrucose. In striate spores, the ornamentation consists of shallow linear ridges over the surface of the spore (Petersen, 1975(Petersen, , 1981. Morphologically the apparent characteristic features are looking similar in species of Ramaria so the researchers use a couple of key micromorphological characteristics to differentiate those species. ...
... For one of us (R.H.P.), early mycotaxonomic training dealt exclusively with morphological species concepts, mostly in clavarioid fungi (e.g., Petersen 1974Petersen , 1975Petersen , 1978aPetersen , 1981. ...
The Pacific Ocean and the “Pacific Rim” include a vast geographic area and most categories of the earth's ecological niches. As could be expected, macrofungi conform to many distribution patterns, some of which are discussed in this article. An introduction to species concepts and some other ancillary methodological considerations is followed by examples of some distributional patterns: Gondwanan, Transberingian, and island biogeographic. Some considerations of changing distributional patterns are also discussed: widening distributions, probable human mediation, and some unique cases that seem not to conform to accepted patterns. Not surprisingly, we conclude that concerted future collecting and comparison of specimens using multiple methodologies offer the only hope for understanding mushroom distributions, regardless of the geographic area of interest.
... Duży udział w poszerzeniu listy grzybów tego terenu mieli: Lisiewska (1978Lisiewska ( , 1979, Domański (1997) i Łuszczyński (2008). Równocześnie powstały prace, które również, choć w mniejszym stopniu przyczyniły się do pełniejszego rozpoznania mykobioty ŚPN, były to: Skirgiełło (1972, 1984, Petersen (1975), Nespiak (1975Nespiak ( , 1981, Wojewoda (1977Wojewoda ( , 1979, Niemelä i Ryvar-den (1983), Domański (1991), Niemelä i Dai (1997), Piątek i Miśkiewicz (2000), Holec (2001) i Łubek (2002). W efekcie badań, których wyniki zaprezentowano w powyższych pracach, na terenie ŚPN znanych jest dotychczas 709 gatunków grzybów wielkoowocnikowych. ...
During field research conducted from August to November 2020, 63 species of macrofungi were found in the peak parts of Łysa Góra Mt in the Świętokrzyski National Park. These were, among others valuable species, i.e. seven under species protection, 23 on the national and regional red lists, incl. Hypsizygus ulmarius, considered ans extinct in this area, and three rarely recorded in the country, such as eg Henningsomyces candidus. The found valuable fungi found, were mainly associated with silver fir, Abies alba wood - 14 species, and common beech, Fagus sylvatica wood - 9 species. The sites of 23 valuable species were found in the buffer zone adjacent to the monastery and meadows. One species - Pleurotus dryinus, has been observed in the vicinity of buildings settlements. 20 of the species identified during this research are new taxa for the Świętokrzyski National Park.
... Vouchers were characterized according to Cifuentes et al. [53] and Lodge et al. [54]. Taxonomic identification was based on the analysis of micro-and macroscopic traits, using taxonomic keys corresponding to particular genus [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. Authors and nomenclature of the species were consulted in Index Fungorum and MycoBank. ...
Introduction
One of the main goals of ethnomycological studies has been understanding the role of wild edible mushrooms (WEM) in diverse cultures. To accomplish such a purpose, the local knowledge of WEM and their cultural importance have been evaluated and compared using qualitative and quantitative methods. However, few studies have documented these aspects in non-edible mushrooms, because they are considered to be in a category of residual cultural importance. To make up for this lack of investigation, this paper analyzes the traditional knowledge of non-edible mushrooms to understand their cultural role and break it down to its components. The analysis of this topic shows how this knowledge represents a good strategy to prevent mushroom intoxications in humans.
Methods
This study was carried out in two communities residing in La Malintzi National Park, Tlaxcala, Mexico. Mushroom species indicated as non-edible were collected during 13 ethnomycological expeditions and seven requests. To get an insight into the local knowledge about these mushrooms, we used ethnographic techniques, 91 free listings and 81 semi-structured interviews.
Results
In total, we collected 178 specimens of wild mushrooms recognized as non-edible by locals, which corresponded to 103 species belonging to 45 genera. People who participated in the study had a vast and deep understanding of non-edible mushrooms. For them, the most important species were Amanita muscaria, Neoboletus aff. erythropus, Xerocomellus chrysenteron, and Suillus tomentosus. Two uses were the most mentioned by respondents: as an insecticide and for medicinal purposes. Of note, however, is that A. muscaria was reported as edible years ago. To avoid possible intoxication, all non-edible mushrooms were included in the general category of “poisonous mushrooms.” Non-edible species are seen as a cosmogonic counterpart (“twins”) of the edible species that they resemble. We obtained 101 specific recognition criteria, useful only when comparing paired species: edible vs non-edible. The most culturally important non-edible groups were differentiated by clear and precise characteristics, which were reflected in the nomenclature and allowed their classification into specific ethnotaxa.
Conclusions
We found that non-used resources can be the object of a deep traditional knowledge and have a vast cultural importance. In the case of wild non-edible mushrooms in particular: the species are named; they are the subject of vast traditional knowledge which is based on their edible/non-edible duality; this knowledge is widespread but has limited consensus, there is little lexical retention; and this knowledge is vital to avoid fatal intoxications. In consequence, both deadly species and species that share similarities with the most important edible mushrooms have a high cultural importance.
... Vouchers were characterized according Cifuentes et al. [54] and Lodge et al. [55]. Taxonomic identi cation was based on the analysis of micro and macroscopic traits, using taxonomic keys corresponding to particular genus [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. Authors and nomenclature of the species were consulted in Index Fungorum and MycoBank. ...
Introduction One of the main goals of ethnomycological studies is to understand the role of wild edible mushrooms (WEM) in diverse cultures. To that end, the local knowledge of WEM and their cultural importance are evaluated and compared using qualitative and quantitative methods. However, few studies have attempted to discern such aspects about non-used mushrooms, since they are considered as a residual category without cultural relevance. Therefore, this paper analyses the traditional knowledge of non-edible mushrooms to understand their cultural role and break it down in its components.
Methods This study was carried out in two communities from La Malintzi National Park, Tlaxcala, Mexico. Mushroom species indicated as non-edible were collected during 13 ethnomycological expeditions and 7 requests. To get an insight of local knowledge, we used ethnographic techniques, 91 free listings and 81 semi-structured interviews.
Results In total, we collected 178 specimens of wild mushrooms recognized as non-edible by locals, which corresponded to 103 species belonging to 45 genera. The people who participated in the study had a vast and deep understanding of non-edible mushrooms. To avoid intoxications, all non-edible mushrooms were included in the general category of “poisonous mushrooms”. The knowledge and the nomenclature of non-edible mushrooms, as well as the ability to identify them, all emanate from the Mesoamerican duality conceptualization of the universe. Therefore, non-edible species are conceived as a cosmogonic counterpart ("twins") of the edible species to which they resemble. We obtained 101 specific recognition criteria, useful only when comparing species pairs: edible vs non-edible. The most culturally important non-edible groups were differentiated by clear and precise characteristics, which were reflected in the nomenclature and allowed their classification into specific ethnotaxa.
Conclusions We found that non-used resources can be the object of a deep traditional knowledge and have a vast cultural importance. In the case of wild non-edible mushrooms in particular: the species are named, they are the subject of a vast traditional knowledge which is based on the edible/non-edible duality, this knowledge is widespread but has limited consensus, there is little lexical retention, and this knowledge is vital to avoid fatal intoxications. In consequence, deadly species and species that share similarities with the most important edible mushrooms have a high cultural importance.
... El estudio microscópico se efectuó con preparaciones de cortes finos montados en soluciones de KOH al 5 y 10%, reactivo de Melzer, azul algodón y rojo Congo; en la medición de estructuras se consideraron al menos 30 repeticiones y en el caso de las esporas se obtuvieron los siguientes estadísticos: L= media del largo, A= media del ancho, Q= L/A. Para la determinación específica se emplearon claves taxonómicas como: Corner (1966Corner ( , 1970; Marr y Stuntz (1973); Petersen (1971Petersen ( , 1975Petersen ( , 1988 y R. stricta, aunque también son abundantes y de buena talla (4-14 cm de alto, 4-9 cm de ancho), no son consumidas por el 68% de los encuestados, debido a su consistencia coriácea (atributo que adquieren por la gran cantidad de hifas esqueléticas presentes en el basidioma) y a su sabor resinoso o ligeramente astringente. ...
Introducción Son numerosas las especies que se han descrito para el orden Gomphales (Kirk et al., 2008), de las cuales la gran mayoría son inocuas para el hombre y se consumen como alimento en distintos países. En México, de las más de 200 especies de hongos silvestres comestibles que existen, por lo menos el 14% corresponden a este taxón (Pérez-Moreno et al., 2008), para el cual las especies más frecuentemente reportadas (tres o más citas) son: Clavariadelphus truncatus (Quél.) Donk, Gomphus floccosus (Schwein.) Singer, Ramaria aurea (Schaeff.) Quél., R. bonii Estrada, R. cystidiophora (Kauffman) Corner, R. botrytis (Pers.) Ricken, R. flava Edible Gomphales from Villa del Carbon municipality, Estado de Mexico This study presents ten wild edible species of Gomphales from the municipality of Villa del Carbón, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. Ramaria armeniaca is cited here for the first time from Mexico and R. araiospora var. araiospora, R. celerivirescens and Gomphus kauffmanii had not been reported as edibles to Mexico. Furthermore, the traditional names, information about costs in the market and preference for consumption for local people are presented. wild edible mushrooms, traditional names, clavarioids. En este trabajo se estudiaron diez especies de Gomphales silvestres comestibles del municipio de Villa del Carbón, Estado de México. De éstas Ramaria armeniaca es un nuevo registro para México y R. araiospora var. araiospora, R. celerivirescens y Gomphus kauffmanii no se conocían como comestibles para el país. Se presentan sus nombres vernáculos, información sobre su costo en el mercado y las preferencias de consumo de los pobladores. Hongos comestibles silvestres, nombres tradicionales, clavarioides. Abstract.
... Clavariaceae now includes ca. 110 known species that are mostly distributed in temperate regions in the northern hemisphere , Thind & Rattan 1967, Petersen 1964, 1965, 1975, 1988, Petersen 1999, García-Sandoval et al., 2005, Dentinger & McLaughlin 2006, Shiryaev 2009, Kautmanová et al. 2012, Olariaga et al. 2015. Compared with temperate regions of Europe or North America, there are few collections from tropical and subtropical regions, although it is believed that the family is very diverse in these areas . ...
his book, as part of the "Natural Products Chemistry of Global Plants" series, describes in detail the health promoting wild edible and medicinal mushrooms specific to the Himilayas region. The focus of the book is to draw on the rich culture, folklore, and environment of the Upper Himilayas, which represents a scientifically significant region. The Himilayas has rich plant resources and a large diversity of plants and mushrooms, which can provide important health benefits as detailed throughout the text. Drawing attention to these mushrooms with detailed scientific descriptions may help in the awareness and in developing sustainable growth of these important resources.
Features:
Provides an opportunity to describe the wild edible and medicinal mushrooms from this scientifically significant region.
Represents a wider variety of mushrooms than previously published in other books.
Presents more content related to traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, distribution, processing, toxicology, conservation and future prospective of individual mushrooms.
The plants and mushrooms of the region are valuable resources not only to local populations but to those living outside the region.
Scientists are monitoring the rich Himalayan plant resources and the consequences of climate change on this precarious ecosystem.
Ramaria kafaensis spec. nov., a hitherto undescribed species from coffee forests of Ethiopia is introduced on the basis of fruit body morphology, microscopical characteristics and ITS-based phylogenetics. Phylogenetics and the bluish-grey reaction on TL4 indicate a close relationship to monotypic genus Schildia. However, the new species is described in the genus Ramaria as the generic delimitation within the Gomphales seems far from being resolved. Ramaria kafaensis spec. nov. is characterised by unique crystal needles in the hyphae of the basal mycelium and rhizomorphs.
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