Content uploaded by Nicolas Van Vooren
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Nicolas Van Vooren on Dec 29, 2014
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Essai taxinomique sur le genre Gyromitra Fr. sensu lato (Pezizales) 3. Le genre Gyromitra Fr., sous-genre Discina
Abstract
The authors present the species of the subgenus Discina, including the tra-ditional Discina and some stipitate taxa in accordance with an enlarged concept
... Hydnotrya and Gymnohydnotrya are hypogeous genera, including species with irregularly globose ascomata, whereas species of the other genera possess sessile to stipitate, discoid or lobed ascocarps. Discina was reduced to the rank of subgenus in Gyromitra (Harmaja 1973) because of ascospore features, a rearrangement that has been generally accepted (Abbott and Currah 1997;Van Vooren and Moreau 2009c;Methven et al. 2013). Pseudorhizina was later treated as a subgenus of Gyromitra based on molecular evidence (Methven et al. 2013). ...
... Finally, the species of subgenus Pseudorhizina have acyanophilic, nonapiculate, and smooth or finely rugose spores (Abbott and Currah 1997;Van Vooren and Moreau 2009a;Methven et al. 2013). Sections were also proposed in some of the subgenera (Van Vooren and Moreau 2009b, 2009c, 2009d. ...
... 1-2). It differs from these two species by its saddle-shaped apothecia and finely roughened rather than reticulate ascospores (Abbott and Currah 1997;Van Vooren and Moreau 2009c). The type specimen of the fungus was first misidentified as G. infula and then as G. fastigiata and G. gigas. ...
Gyromitra species are known as "false morels" and produce cerebriform or discoid ascocarps. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, and some species are poisonous. Infrageneric phylogenies based on 28S nuc rDNA (28S) are available, but molecular analyses derived from other genes are lacking. In this study, Gyromitra specimens deposited in HMAS were reexamined. Phylogenies inferred from 28S, nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) gene were obtained, and four clades were revealed among 13 species. Two new cryptic species of Gyromitra, G. pseudogigas, sp. nov. and G. tianshanensis, sp. nov., are described. Gyromitra pseudogigas has saddle-shaped apothecia similar to those of G. infula and is sister to G. gigas in the phylogeny. Gyromitra tianshanensis clusters with G. infula and G. xinjiangensis but differs in morphology and sequence data.
... The species was designated as the type-species of Discina when FRIES (1849) raised the latter to the rank of genus ("automatic type", ICN Art. 9.1), now considered as a subgenus of Gyromitra (HARMAJA, 1973;ABBOTT & CURRAH, 1997; VAN VOOREN & MOREAU, 2009;METHVEN et al., 2013). This typification was accepted by many authors (ECKBLAD, 1968;HARMAJA, 1969;KORF, 1972;DONADINI, 1985;ABBOTT & CURRAH, 1997; VAN VOOREN & MOREAU, 2009;METHVEN et al., 2013). ...
... 9.1), now considered as a subgenus of Gyromitra (HARMAJA, 1973;ABBOTT & CURRAH, 1997; VAN VOOREN & MOREAU, 2009;METHVEN et al., 2013). This typification was accepted by many authors (ECKBLAD, 1968;HARMAJA, 1969;KORF, 1972;DONADINI, 1985;ABBOTT & CURRAH, 1997; VAN VOOREN & MOREAU, 2009;METHVEN et al., 2013). Unfortunately, as many other old names, P. perlata is not clearly typified although it is a sanctioned name. ...
... Finally the typification of Peziza perlata could also be useful to engage a process of conservation of this name against Peziza ancilis Pers., which is considered by some authors (REHM, 1896;KREISEL, 1984;BEUG et al., 2014) as a prior synonym, an opinion that we do not share (see VAN VOOREN & MOREAU, 2009). Note that the mention "= ancilis" on the label (Pl. 1) was not written by Fries and cannot be used as an evidence of the synonymy between those two names. ...
Peziza perlata Fr., basionym of Gyromitra perlata, is the type-species of the subgenus Discina. As many old names attached to supposed well-known species, its type is not clearly defined. Based on a sample from Fries’ herbarium, we propose the neotypification of this name to fix the main morphological and microscopic characters of the species.
... Por sus apotecios no estipitados, y sus esporas trigutuladas y ornamentadas, esta especie se enclava dentro del subgénero Discina (Fr.) Harmaja. Dentro de éste, VAN VOOREN (2009b) distingue la sección Pseudogyromitrae Van Vooren, de apotecios estipitados y no cupuliformes. Y la sección Discina, de apotecios subestipitados y cupuliformes, en la que situamos esta especie siguiendo la sistemática de este autor. ...
... La decoración esporal es difícilmente observable al microscopio óptico. También es complicado obtener esporas maduras de los ejemplares de las colecciones objeto de estudio, siendo a veces necesario mantener los ejemplares en el refrigerador o esperar a su putrefacción parcial ( VAN VOOREN, 2009b). Los ejemplares de la colección de Sierra Nevada (JA-CUSSTA 8079) estuvieron varios días refrigerados cerca del lugar de la recolecta, y tuvieron un posterior traslado en coche sometidos a temperaturas superiores a los 25 ºC, sufriendo putrefacción parcial antes de su estudio. ...
... VAN VOOREN (2014) señala que esta especie crece habitualmente bajo abetos (Picea abies) y alerces (Larix decidua), en caminos forestales, durante la época de fusión de la nieve. Pertenece al cortejo de especies nivícolas y es probablemente la especie de Gyromitra más abundante en los Alpes ( VAN VOOREN, 2009b). ...
Gyromitra accumbens E. Rahm ex Harmaja, an nivicolous discomycete, new for mycological flora in Spain. The study of two recent collections of apothecia identified as Gyromitra accumbens, from Sierra Nevada and the Pyrenees, provided the oppotunity to published the new species of Iberian Peninsula. The description of the specimens is accompanied by macro and microscopic photographs of the character of the species. Chorological and ecological data is offered and their morphological characteristics are compared with those of the most similar species.
... No sequences of G. ussuriensis are currently available in GenBank. It was thought to be a synonym of G. gigas [44][45][46], but occurs as a distinct species in these analyses (Figure 4d). Since the holotype specimen at VLA of G. ussuriensis is missing and presumably lost, and no original material or illustration exists (Eugenis Bulakh, pers. ...
Fungaria are an unmatched resource for providing genetic data from authoritative, taxonomically-correct fungal species, especially type specimens. These specimens serve to anchor species hypotheses by enabling the correct taxonomic placement of taxa in systematic studies. The DNA from ancient specimens older than 30 years is commonly fragmented, and sometimes highly contaminated by exogenous, non-target fungal DNA, making conventional PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing difficult or impossible. Here, we present the results of DNA extraction, PCR amplification of the ITS2 region, and Illumina MiSeq Nano sequencing of nine recent and 11 ancient specimens, including seven type specimens. The taxa sampled included a range of large and fleshy, to small and tough, or small, melanized specimens of Discina, Gyromitra, Propolis, Stictis, and Xerotrema, with a culture of Lasiosphaeria serving as a positive control. DNA was highly fragmented and in very low quantity for most samples, resulting in inconclusive or incorrect results for all but five samples. Taxonomically-correct sequences were generated from the holotype specimens of G. arctica, G. korshinskii, and G. leucoxantha, from the neotype of G. ussuriensis, and from the positive control. Taxonomic assignments were confirmed through morphology, top BLASTn hits, and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses. Though this study was not cost-effective due to the small number of samples submitted and few generating correct sequences, it did produce short DNA barcode fragments for four type specimens that are essential for their correct taxonomic placement in our ongoing systematic studies.
... Notes: Gyromitra ussuriensis is similar to G. gigas, and several researchers (Raitviir 1970;Van Vooren and Moreau 2009;Carbone et al. 2018) have placed G. ussuriensis in synonymy with G. gigas. However, molecular data supports recognition of G. ussuriensis as a distinct species. ...
Taxa in the Gyromitra gigas species complex were previously studied and their taxonomy resolved. During ongoing studies in this group, cryptic speciation was discovered in G. gigas. Sequences of the ITS and LSU regions from 75 specimens were included in maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to establish species boundaries and resolve species relationships. Sequence similarity comparisons were also conducted between the two ribosomal markers and between the ITS1 and ITS2 regions. Gyromitra gigas sensu stricto and two additional species were discovered within the G. gigas clade. Gyromitra ussuriensis was rediscovered as a distinct taxon and removed from synonymy under G. gigas. It occurs in central and eastern Asia, whereas G. gigas occurs mostly in Europe but also extends into central Asia. A neotype is designated for G. ussuriensis. A new species, Gyromitra americanigigas, is described and illustrated from eastern North America. Although morphology and the LSU exhibited little variation among the three species, the ITS1 and ITS2 regions displayed similar interspecific sequence variability around 0.5–1%, which is sufficient for species identification at the molecular level.
... Gyromitra taxa have a long, complex taxonomic history of transfers among various genera (e.g., Discina, Helvella, Maublancomyces, Neogyromitra, and Pseudorhizina among others), resegregation into multiple subgenera, and repeated splitting and recombining of taxa at the species level and below. The history and taxonomy of Gyromitra and its segregates have been summarized by numerous authors (Donadini 1984(Donadini , 1986Harmaja 1969Harmaja , 1973McKnight 1969McKnight , 1971McKnight , 1973Van Vooren and Moreau 2009a, 2009b, 2009c. ...
The Gyromitra gigas species complex includes six morphologically similar taxa, several of which have a long history of segregation, synonymization, and rearrangement among different genera. These taxa occur throughout Asia, Europe, and North America and include G. gigas, G. khanspurensis, G. korfii, G. montana, G. pseudogigas, and G. ticiniana. ITS and LSU sequences from 66 specimens, including type specimens for all six taxa, were included in phylogenetic analyses to establish species boundaries and resolve species relationships. Sequence similarity comparisons were also conducted between the two molecular markers and between the ITS1 and ITS2 regions. Although ITS exhibited sufficient variability to discriminate among species in the G. gigas species complex, LSU displayed very low variability rendering it completely useless as a molecular marker for separating taxa in this group. The ITS1 region was twice as informative as the ITS2 region and can be used as a barcode marker to identify these species. Gyromitra gigas and G. montana occur as a well-supported clade of sister species and can be distinguished based on ascospore morphology. Gyromitra korfii and G. ticiniana also form a highly supported clade and are considered distinct species based on geography. Gyromitra littiniana is confirmed to be synonymous with G. ticiniana based on molecular data. Gyromitra khanspurensis and G. pseudogigas, which also form a highly supported clade, are considered separate species early in the process of speciation that differ significantly in ascomata and ascospore morphology. A key to species based on morphology and geography is provided.
Taxa in the Gyromitra gigas species complex were previously studied and their taxonomy resolved. During ongoing studies in this group, cryptic speciation was discovered in G. gigas . Sequences of the ITS and LSU regions from 75 specimens were included in maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to establish species boundaries and resolve species relationships. Sequence similarity comparisons were also conducted between the two ribosomal markers and between the ITS1 and ITS2 regions. Gyromitra gigas sensu stricto and two additional species were discovered within the G. gigas clade. Gyromitra ussuriensis was rediscovered as a distinct taxon and removed from synonymy under G. gigas . It occurs in central and eastern Asia, whereas G. gigas occurs mostly in Europe but also extends into central Asia. A neotype is designated for G. ussuriensis . A new species, Gyromitra americanigigas , is described and illustrated from eastern North America. Although morphology and the LSU exhibited little variation among the three species, the ITS1 and ITS2 regions displayed similar interspecific sequence variability around 0.5–1%, which is sufficient for species identification at the molecular level.
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetopsina eucalypti on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Colletotrichum cobbittiense from Cordyline stricta × C. australis hybrid, Cyanodermella banksiae on Banksia ericifolia subsp. macrantha, Discosia macrozamiae on Macrozamia miquelii, Elsinoë banksiigena on Banksia marginata, Elsinoë elaeocarpi on Elaeocarpus sp., Elsinoë leucopogonis on Leucopogon sp., Helminthosporium livistonae on Livistona australis, Idriellomyces eucalypti (incl. Idriellomyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus obliqua, Lareunionomyces eucalypti on Eucalyptus sp., Myrotheciomyces corymbiae (incl. Myrotheciomyces gen. nov., Myrotheciomycetaceae fam. nov.), Neolauriomyces eucalypti (incl. Neolauriomyces gen. nov., Neolauriomycetaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus sp., Nullicamyces eucalypti (incl. Nullicamyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Oidiodendron eucalypti on Eucalyptus maidenii, Paracladophialophora cyperacearum (incl. Paracladophialophoraceae fam. nov.) and Periconia cyperacearum on leaves of Cyperaceae, Porodiplodia livistonae (incl. Porodiplodia gen. nov., Porodiplodiaceae fam. nov.) on Livistona australis, Sporidesmium melaleucae (incl. Sporidesmiales ord. nov.) on Melaleuca sp., Teratosphaeria sieberi on Eucalyptus sieberi, Thecaphora australiensis in capsules of a variant of Oxalis exilis. Brazil, Aspergillus serratalhadensis from soil, Diaporthe pseudoinconspicua from Poincianella pyramidalis, Fomitiporella pertenuis on dead wood, Geastrum magnosporum on soil, Marquesius aquaticus (incl. Marquesius gen. nov.) from submerged decaying twig and leaves of unidentified plant, Mastigosporella pigmentata from leaves of Qualea parviflorae, Mucor souzae from soil, Mycocalia aquaphila on decaying wood from tidal detritus, Preussia citrullina as endophyte from leaves of Citrullus lanatus, Queiroziella brasiliensis (incl. Queiroziella gen. nov.) as epiphytic yeast on leaves of Portea leptantha, Quixadomyces cearensis (incl. Quixadomyces gen. nov.) on decaying bark, Xylophallus clavatus on rotten wood. Canada, Didymella cari on Carum carvi and Coriandrum sativum. Chile, Araucasphaeria foliorum (incl. Araucasphaeria gen. nov.) on Araucaria araucana, Aspergillus tumidus from soil, Lomentospora valparaisensis from soil. Colombia, Corynespora pseudocassiicola on Byrsonima sp., Eucalyptostroma eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus pellita, Neometulocladosporiella eucalypti (incl. Neometulocladosporiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla, Tracylla eucalypti (incl. Tracyllaceae fam. nov., Tracyllalales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla. Cyprus, Gyromitra anthracobia (incl. Gyromitra subg. Pseudoverpa) on burned soil. Czech Republic, Lecanicillium restrictum from the surface of the wooden barrel, Lecanicillium testudineum from scales of Trachemys scripta elegans. Ecuador, Entoloma yanacolor and Saproamanita quitensis on soil. France, Lentithecium carbonneanum from submerged decorticated Populus branch. Hungary, Pleuromyces hungaricus (incl. Pleuromyces gen. nov.) from a large Fagus sylvatica log. Iran, Zymoseptoria crescenta on Aegilops triuncialis. Malaysia, Ochroconis musicola on Musa sp. Mexico, Cladosporium michoacanense from soil. New Zealand, Acrodontium metrosideri on Metrosideros excelsa, Polynema podocarpi on Podocarpus totara, Pseudoarthrographis phlogis (incl. Pseudoarthrographis gen. nov.) on Phlox subulata. Nigeria, Coprinopsis afrocinerea on soil. Pakistan, Russula mansehraensis on soil under Pinus roxburghii. Russia, Baorangia alexandri on soil in deciduous forests with Quercus mongolica. South Africa, Didymocyrtis brachylaenae on Brachylaena discolor. Spain, Alfaria dactylis from fruit of Phoenix dactylifera, Dothiora infuscans from a blackened wall, Exophiala nidicola from the nest of an unidentified bird, Matsushimaea monilioides from soil, Terfezia morenoi on soil. United Arab Emirates, Tirmania honrubiae on soil. USA, Arxotrichum wyomingense (incl. Arxotrichum gen. nov.) from soil, Hongkongmyces snookiorum from submerged detritus from a fresh water fen, Leratiomyces tesquorum from soil, Talaromyces tabacinus on leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. Vietnam, Afroboletus vietnamensis on soil in an evergreen tropical forest, Colletotrichum condaoense from Ipomoea pes-caprae. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.
Gyromitra geogenia (E. Rahm ex Donadini) Harmaja est signalé pour la pre-mière fois au Monténégro. Nous proposons sa description, illustrée de photographies prises in situ, de photographies et de dessins des caractères microscopiques. Nous proposons également des commentaires sur son écologie et sur sa taxinomie. Summary: Gyromitra geogenia (E. Rahm ex Donadini) Harmaja is a new species of the montenegrin mycological flora. We propose a description, illustrated by photographs made in situ, and drawings of microscopic features are given. We also propose some comments about its ecology and some taxonomic aspects.
Epigeous genera of the Helvellaceae (Pezizales, Ascomycota) are separated into tribes Helvelleae and Gyromitreae on the basis of excipulum structure, while hypogeous genera are included as incertae sedis at the tribe level. Ornamentation of ascospores (SEM) is valuable in the delimitation of genera, subgenera, and species. New subgenera proposed are Gyromitra subgenus Melaleucoides subgen. nov., with warted, nonapiculate, biguttulate ascospores; Gyromitra subgenus Caroliniana subgen. nov., with coarsely reticulate ascospores with multiple spicules at the poles; Helvella subgenus Cupuliformae subgen. nov., with regularly cupulate apothecia, solid terete stipes, and broadly ellipsoidal, finely rugose ascospores; and Hydnotrya subgenus Cerebriformae subgen. nov., with globose, echinate ascospores. Gyromitra subgenus Discina is emended. New combinations include Helvella subgenus Leucomelaenae comb. nov, Helvella subgenus Silvicolae comb. nov., Helvella subgenus Macropodes comb. nov., and Helvella subgenus Elasticae comb. nov. Epigeous taxa and hypogeous taxa with chambered ascocarps were studied in detail. Collections of 44 species in six genera (Gyromitra, Rhizina, Pseudorhizina, Helvella, Underwoodia, and Hydnotrya) from northern and northwestern North America are described. One extralimital genus (Gymnohydnotrya) and 15 species outside the study area are included with systematic notes. The known geographic range for many species is extended and there are several new records for North America (Helvella rivularis, H. verruculosa, H. unicolor). Maps and keys for taxa in northern and northwestern North America are provided.
Zusammenfassung An Hand besonderer Discomyceten-Funde aus dem Jahre 1961 werden einige Nachbargattungen miteinander verglichen und ihre gegenseitigen Grenzen kritisch erörtert. Danach erweist sich die Sonderstellung vonPtychoverpa Boud. nur mikroskopisch als ausreichend begründet.Helvella Quéletii Bres. kann vonAcetabula sulcata (Pers. ex Fr.) Fuck. nicht gattungsmäßig getrennt werden, sondern ist alsAcetabula Quéletii (Bres.) Bx. nov. comb. zu bezeichnen, wenn beide Gattungen nebeneinander bestehen bleiben.Paramitra ochreoides Bx. nov. gen. et nov. spec. wird erstmalig beschrieben und stellt vermutlich einen Übergang von derOtidea-Gruppe (Wynnella Boud.) zu den Aleurieen dar.