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Haïti et le conflit des deux « France »
Abstract
In 2005, the centennial commemoration of the law separating church and state provided an opportunity for French academics to review the progress and limits of secularism in the world. Some of these works further clarified the context of the passage of this law and its consequences. Our article examines the influence of the "conflict of two Frances" on the intellectual and militant life of Haitian elites. These elites, at the end of the 19th century, had a particular interest in the course of the debates on secularism in France. Despite their Francophila and their anticlerical discourse, intellectuals and Masonic politicians in Haiti avoided following the path of France. The Concordat of 1860, signed between Haiti and the Holy See, continued to be the legal basis governing relations between the State and the Roman Catholic Church.
... Ils ont, dans le but spécifique de détruire la langue créole, empêché la transmission de cette langue aux jeunes générations. À l'école, le créole était formellement interdit sous peine de renvoi et de punition; tous les documents sont rédigés en français, la langue d'apartheid et de la ségrégation (Abraham, 2018 (Hurbon, 2004) cité par (Clorméus, 2013). Un tel accord ne fait que bannir la religion de la grande masse. ...
This article aims to understand and explain, through a reflection focused on the historical epistemology and habitus of Bourdieu, how the Western countries, specifically, United States of America, Spain, Germany, Canada, and France are carefully and subtly planning Haiti’s collapse by substitution. It highlights five methods of latent destruction in which is inscribed the setting of gradual deconstruction to replace the Haitian society by imposing a socio-political environment in perpetual instability that encourages young people to flee their country. At the end of the reflection, the article concludes that the Western countries want to take over the land of Haiti and drive out the black savages of the Caribbean (as they used to treat them) who inhabited it.
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This article aims to understand and explain through a reflection focused on the historical epistemology and habitus of Bourdieu, how the Western countries, specifically, United States of America, Spain, Germany, Canada, and France are carefully and subtly planning Haiti's collapse by substitution. It highlights five methods of latent destruction in which is inscribed the setting of gradual deconstruction to replace the Haitian society by imposing a soci-political environment in perpetual instability that encourages young people to flee their country. At the end of the reflection, the article conxludes that the Western countries want to take over the land of Haiti and drive out the black savages of the Caribbean (as they used to treat them) who inhabited it.
L’idéologie de la créolité en vogue dans les Antilles françaises connaît un faible succès en Haïti, où elle ne parvient pas à concurrencer le discours de l’haïtianité élaboré par les tenants du nationalisme culturel de la fin des années 1920 et qui s’est imposé au cours des générations suivantes. L’influence d’un tel discours sur les arts et la littérature est bien étudié. Cet article aborde son influence sur les principales Églises chrétiennes et le vodou. Il montre comment il contribue à la transformation du champ religieux en Haïti, entre haïtianisation des principales Églises chrétiennes et reconnaissance progressive du vodou comme une composante majeure de l’identité culturelle.
Très peu d’études scientifiques concernent l’histoire de la franc-maçonnerie en Haïti. Pourtant, particulièrement au xix e siècle, cette association a eu une influence considérable sur la vie sociale et politique du pays. Par tradition, la plupart des hommes d’Etat haïtiens ont fréquenté des loges maçonniques qui, bien que se rejoignant autour de certains principes idéologiques, se sont souvent opposées sur le plan politique. En conséquence, la franc-maçonnerie peut être considérée comme un espace de sociabilité et de pouvoir pour les élites politiques d’Haïti.
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