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Fish Morphology and Hierarchy. Parts II and III
... Some studies (Fowler 1934;Chabanaud 1951;Kamohara 1953;Ochiai 1963;Chen & Weng 1965;Li & Wang 1995;Cheng 1997;Yamada 2000Yamada , 2002Froese & Pauly 2023) considered C. lighti as a valid species, while other works (Matsubara 1955;Menon 1977;Lindberg & Fedorov 1993;Fricke et al. 2017;Zhou et al. 2017;Wang et al. 2018;Fricke et al. 2022) concluded that C. lighti is a synonym of C. joyneri. Chabanaud (1951), in his paper examining the taxonomy of C. joyneri, C. lighti and C. tshusanensis, stated that these three nominal species have many overlapping features and that when additional specimens were available, it likely would be found that only a single species is represented by these three nominal species. ...
... Consequently, reliability of conclusions of these earlier studies is difficult to assess. Although several previous investigations concluded that C. lighti is a synonym of C. joyneri (Matsubara 1955;Menon 1977;Wang et al. 2018), C. lighti still appears in contemporary literature (Koshiishi et al. 2001;Yamaguchi & Kume 2004;Yagi et al. 2009;Kume et al. 2012;Ping & Liu 2014;Kume et al. 2015;Song et al. 2015;Wang et al. 2018;Sun et al. 2021) indicating that taxonomic status of these nominal species remains unresolved. Following their original descriptions, studies dealing with C. tenuis and C. tshusanensis have been relatively few. ...
... Based on these results, Menon (1977) concluded that both C. tenuis and C. tshusanensis are junior synonyms of C. joyneri. Other researchers also considered C. tenuis to be a junior subjective synonym of either C. joyneri (Matsubara 1955;Lindberg & Fedorov 1993;Ho & Shao 2011;Kottelat 2013) or C. lighti (Wu 1932;Kamohara 1953;Zhang & Wang 1963;Ochiai 1963;Cheng 1997), and some also considered C. tshusanensis as a junior synonym only of C. joyneri (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993;Desoutter et al. 2001;Kottelat 2013;Fricke et al. 2017), without providing further comment or evidence to support their conclusions. ...
Striking similarities in morphological characters and significant overlap in meristic features have resulted in different hypotheses regarding the taxonomic status of several nominal species of northwestern Pacific tongue soles of the genus Cynoglossus, including C. joyneri Günther, 1878, C. lighti Norman, 1925, C. tenuis (Oshima, 1927), and C. tshusanensis Chabanaud, 1951. Previous hypotheses have proposed that each taxon is a valid species; or that C. lighti and C. tshusanensis are junior subjective synonyms of C. joyneri; or that C. tenuis is a junior subjective synonym of either C. joyneri or C. lighti. Although several previous investigations concluded that C. lighti is a synonym of C. joyneri, names of both nominal species still appear in contemporary literature indicating that taxonomic status of these nominal species remains unresolved. To clarify the taxonomic status of these four nominal species, detailed study of morphological characters of 138 specimens collected from 22 localities in Japan and China, and re-examination of type specimens of three of these nominal species was conducted. The molecular barcodes of mitochondrial DNA from six representative specimens featuring morphological variation purportedly useful for distinguishing C. lighti from C. joyneri were also analyzed and then compared with sequences reported for C. joyneri in the literature. Lectotypes of C. joyneri and C. lighti differed in only two morphological characters (body depth and position of posterior tip of rostral hook relative to anterior margin of lower eye). However, when these two characters were examined in 138 recently collected non-type specimens, no differences were found among these nominal species. Our results do not support recognizing these as separate species. Results from genetic analyses also support recognizing only a single species among the material examined. Furthermore, overall similarities in morphological features between the holotype of C. tshusanensis and specimens of C. joyneri support recognizing C. tshusanensis as a junior subjective synonym of C. joyneri. Likewise, values for morphological features of C. joyneri examined in the present study also encompass the range of values reported in the original description of C. tenuis. This finding supports conclusions of previous studies that this nominal species is also a junior synonym of C. joyneri. Based on morphological and genetic evidence, we conclude that only a single species, C. joyneri, should be recognized among the four nominal species included in this study. Cynoglossus joyneri is re-described based on data from 492 specimens collected throughout nearly the entire range of the species.
... The taxonomy of the Japanese Rhynchobatus is seriously confused, for example the name R. djiddensis which known as Indian Ocean species, is still used for R. australiae in most precious studies (e.g., Jordan and Fowler 1903;Jordan et al. 1913;Okada and Matsubara 1938;Matsubara 1955;Nakaya 1984;Ishihara et al. 1999;Hatooka 2000Hatooka , 2013. The status and the Japanese names of the species of genus Rhynchobatus are also discussed. ...
... Although the validity of R. yentinensis remains uncertain, due to its limited description, the morphological characteristics indicated that the species is not close to the present new species. Following Temminck and Schlegel's (1845) report of R. laevis (as Rhinobatus laevis) from Nagasaki, Jordan and Snyder (1901) synonymized the species under Rhinobatus djiddensis, and was generally followed by later Japanese publications (e.g., Jordan and Fowler 1903;Jordan et al. 1913;Okada and Matsubara 1938;Matsubara 1955;Nakaya 1984;Ishihara et al. 1999;Hatooka 2000Hatooka , 2013. However, Compagno and Last (1999), who briefly reviewed western central Pacific Ocean rhinids, indicated that Rhynchobatus djiddensis sensu stricto was a western Indian Ocean species, and that a species complex of R. australiae, R. laevis, and R. springeri (indicated as Rhynchobatus sp. 2) occurred in the Pacific Ocean. ...
... Japanese names for species of Rhynchobatus include "Sakatazame" or "Tongari" for R. australiae (as R. djiddensis, see above), given by Jordan and Snyder (1901), and simply "Tongari", given by Okada and Matsubara (1938), Matsubara (1955), Shibusawa (1958), Hiyama andYasuda (1961), andShiino (1972), probably due to the name "Sakatazame" being applied to Rhinobatos schlegelii Müller and Henle 1841. The Japanese name was altered to "Tongari-sakatazame" by the Ichthyological Society of Japan (1981), and was followed in subsequent publications (Nakaya 1984;Ishihara et al. 1999;Hatooka 2000, 2013, Yamada 2007. ...
Rhynchobatus mononoke sp. nov. (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinidae) is described from mature male and female specimens from southern Japan. A juvenile specimen, newly born from a captive individual collected from Kagoshima, is also referenced (non-type). The new species can be distinguished from congeners by a combination of its obtusely wedge-shaped snout, bluntly rounded dorsal fins, first dorsal fin originating about level with the pelvic-fin origin, and the outer fold on the spiracle posterior margin more pronounced than the inner fold. Distinctive coloration of the new species included a black blotch, followed by a single white spot (rarely absent) posterodorsally on the middle of the pectoral disc, and a large black blotch covering the anterior half of the undersurface of snout. Distinct white spots distally on the pectoral disc to the middorsal area were absent. Most previous records of species of Rhynchobatus in Japanese waters were reidentified as Rhynchobatus australiae, except for the records from the northern East China Sea. Rhynchobatus mononoke appears to be endemic to southern Japan.
... In addition to the phylogenetic relationships and life history difference between so-called C. kazika and the other Cottus species, there are morphological (Matsubara 1943(Matsubara , 1955Watanabe 1958Watanabe , 1960Nakamura 1963;Yabe 1985;Fujii 2001), ontogenetic Kinoshita et al. 1999;Kojima 2014) and karyological (Abe 1972(Abe , 1976 differences. ...
... In such case, the valid scientific name should be followed the determination of the first reviser but not based on the principle of preemption right according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999: Arts 23, 24-2). Kuroda (1935) as the first reviser adopted C. kazika, and it has been thought as valid for the fourspine sculpin heretofore (Kuroda 1935(Kuroda , 1947Matsubara 1943Matsubara , 1955Watanabe 1958, 1960: Miyadi et al. 1963Yabe 1985;Goto 1989;Nakabo 1993;Fujii 2001;Nakabo 2002;Nelson 2006;Eschmeyer and Fricke 2010;Nakabo and Kai 2014;Fricke et al. 2019). ...
... Data on larval and Juvenile morphology cited from Goto (1977), Takeshita et al. (1997), Harada et al. (1999), Kinoshita et al. (1999) and Kojima (2014) Abe (1972), 2) from Abe (1976), 3) from Starmach (1967) of the genus. Therefore, we re-describe below the genus Rheopresbe and also R. kazika based mainly on important literatures dealing with the fourspine sculpin such as Jordan and Starks (1904), Kuroda (1935Kuroda ( , 1947, Matsubara (1943Matsubara ( , 1955, Watanabe (1958Watanabe ( , 1960, Miyadi et al. (1963), Nakamura (1963), Yabe (1985), Nakabo (1993), Fujii (2001), Nakabo (2002) and Nakabo and Kai (2014). Starks, 1904, according to recommendation 67B of ICZN (1999. ...
... In addition to the phylogenetic relationships and life history difference between so-called C. kazika and the other Cottus species, there are morphological (Matsubara 1943(Matsubara , 1955Watanabe 1958Watanabe , 1960Nakamura 1963;Yabe 1985;Fujii 2001), ontogenetic Kinoshita et al. 1999;Kojima 2014) and karyological (Abe 1972(Abe , 1976 differences. ...
... In such case, the valid scientific name should be followed the determination of the first reviser but not based on the principle of preemption right according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999: Arts 23, 24-2). Kuroda (1935) as the first reviser adopted C. kazika, and it has been thought as valid for the fourspine sculpin heretofore (Kuroda 1935(Kuroda , 1947Matsubara 1943Matsubara , 1955Watanabe 1958, 1960: Miyadi et al. 1963Yabe 1985;Goto 1989;Nakabo 1993;Fujii 2001;Nakabo 2002;Nelson 2006;Eschmeyer and Fricke 2010;Nakabo and Kai 2014;Fricke et al. 2019). ...
... Data on larval and Juvenile morphology cited from Goto (1977), Takeshita et al. (1997), Harada et al. (1999), Kinoshita et al. (1999) and Kojima (2014) Abe (1972), 2) from Abe (1976), 3) from Starmach (1967) of the genus. Therefore, we re-describe below the genus Rheopresbe and also R. kazika based mainly on important literatures dealing with the fourspine sculpin such as Jordan and Starks (1904), Kuroda (1935Kuroda ( , 1947, Matsubara (1943Matsubara ( , 1955, Watanabe (1958Watanabe ( , 1960, Miyadi et al. (1963), Nakamura (1963), Yabe (1985), Nakabo (1993), Fujii (2001), Nakabo (2002) and Nakabo and Kai (2014). Starks, 1904, according to recommendation 67B of ICZN (1999. ...
The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes introduced during the production process. Tables 1 and 2 were presented incorrectly. The original article has been corrected.
... In addition to the phylogenetic relationships and life history difference between so-called C. kazika and the other Cottus species, there are morphological (Matsubara 1943(Matsubara , 1955Watanabe 1958Watanabe , 1960Nakamura 1963;Yabe 1985;Fujii 2001), ontogenetic Kinoshita et al. 1999;Onikura 1999;Kojima 2014) and karyological (Abe 1972(Abe , 1976 differences. ...
... In such case, the valid scientific name should be followed the determination of the first reviser but not based on the principle of preemption right according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999: Arts 23, 24-2). Kuroda (1935) as the first reviser adopted C. kazika, and it has been thought as valid for the fourspine sculpin heretofore (Kuroda 1935(Kuroda , 1947Matsubara 1943Matsubara , 1955Watanabe 1958, 1960: Miyadi et al. 1963Yabe 1985;Goto 1989;Nakabo 1993;Fujii 2001;Nakabo 2002;Nelson 2006;Eschmeyer and Fricke 2010;Nakabo and Kai 2014;Fricke et al. 2019). ...
... Data on larval and Juvenile morphology cited from Goto (1977), Takeshita et al. (1997), Harada et al. (1999), Kinoshita et al. (1999) and Kojima (2014) Abe (1972), 2) from Abe (1976), 3) from Starmach (1967) Environ Biol Fish (2020) 103:213-220 of the genus. Therefore, we re-describe below the genus Rheopresbe and also R. kazika based mainly on important literatures dealing with the fourspine sculpin such as Jordan and Starks (1904), Kuroda (1935Kuroda ( , 1947, Matsubara (1943Matsubara ( , 1955, Watanabe (1958Watanabe ( , 1960, Miyadi et al. (1963), Nakamura (1963), Yabe (1985), Nakabo (1993), Fujii (2001), Nakabo (2002) and Nakabo and Kai (2014). Starks, 1904, according to recommendation 67B of ICZN (1999. ...
The scientific name Cottus kazika has been used for over a century as valid for the catadromous fourspine sculpin endemic to Japan. However, recent DNA sequence analyses have indicated a sister relationship between two catadromous species, so-called C. kazika and Trachidermus fasciatus with a great phylogenetic divergence, separated from a monophyletic freshwater spawning clade including the other Cottus species and Baikalian sculpins. Morphological, life-historical, ecological, and karyological characteristics have also suggested that the fourspine sculpin so-called C. kazika is neither a member of Cottus nor Trachidermus. Therefore, the fourspine sculpin is transferred to the genus Rheopresbe. The genus and R. kazika are re-described. The genus Rheopresbe is discriminated from related genus Trachidermus by not having bony ridges on both nape and cheeks and also by presence of entopterygoid, and from the genus Cottus by having teeth on palatines and four spines on preopercle ridges.
... 9 (Matsuura, 2001). Aracanidae (Kentrocapros) 6 (Matsubara, 1955;Matsuura, 2015). 2017 2 28 Kentrocapros flavofasciatus 1 . ...
... Kentrocapros flavofasciatus: Matsubara, 1955: 1006 (Japan); Kamohara, 1961: 6 (Japan); Matsuura and Yamakawa, 1982: 31 (Japan and East China Sea); Matsuura and Tyler, 1997: 195 (New Caledonia) ...
A single specimen of Kentrocapros flavofasciatus (measuring 145.9 mm in length) belonging to the family Aracanidae, order Tetraodontiformes, was collected for the first time in 2017 on Jeju Island, Korea. This specimen had isolated bony plates on a caudal peduncle, a carapace with six ridges, and a tail depth equal to its tail length. It is similar to K. aculeatus and K. rosapinto but differs from K. aculeatus in that its carapace is without spines; it differs from K. rosapinto in that the anterior end of its gill opening does not reach below the center of its eye. We propose new Korean names: Yug-gak-bok-gwa for the family Aracanidae, and Hwang-Jul-yug-gak-bok for the species K. flavofasciatus.
... According to recent literature, the family Bagridae (Siluriformes) in Japan is represented by the following three species: Pseudobagrus ichikawai (=Coreobagrus ichikawai), P. nudiceps (=Pelteobagrus nudiceps), and P. aurantiacus (Matsubara, 1955;Okada, 1960;Nakamura, 1963;Miyadi et al., 1976;Sawada, 1984). These species are allopatrically distributed, P. ichikawai occurring around the Ise and Mikawa Bays, Chubu District, central Honshu, P. nudiceps throughout western Honshu, Shikoku and eastern Kyushu, and P. aurantiacus discontinuously in eastern Honshu and western Kyushu. ...
Although known to be distinct genetically and recently treated as different species taxonomically, two Japanese bagrid catfishes, Pseudobagrus aurantiacus (Temminck and Schlegel) and P. tokiensisDöderlein, have not been previously scrutinized as to their morphological differences. Examination of morphometric and osteological characters revealed that the former species differs from the latter in having a higher dorsal fin, the pectoral spine more prominently serrated on the anterior edge, more densely serrated on the posterior edge, and with 1-3 antrorse serrations at the base, a broader supraoccipital process, the supraneural as long as or longer than the supraoccipital process, a broader posterior process of the cleithrum (posterior tip angle>20°), and the hyomandibular widely separated from the metapterygoid.In addition, the body color pattern of young fish differs in the two species.
... Proscyllium in Scyliorhinidae (Fowler, 1941;Matsubara, 1955;White, 1936White, , 1937, but Calliscyllium was retained as a synonym of Triakis in Triakidae (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948;Garrick, 1954). Fowler (1941) placed Proscyllium into a new subfamily (Proscylliinae) within the Scyliorhinidae, but Bigelow and Schroeder (1948) subsequently placed it into the family Triakidae, which was followed by Fowler (1968). ...
The magnificent catshark Proscyllium magnificum was described in 2004 based off five specimens collected in the Andaman Sea off Myanmar. It was originally allocated to the genus Proscyllium, but recent molecular analyses suggested it was more closely related to the harlequin catshark Ctenacis fehlmanni from the western Indian Ocean. This study incorporated meristics and external and internal morphology, together with molecular data to reclassify the magnificent catshark as Ctenacis magnificum and provides revised diagnoses for the genera Ctenacis and Proscyllium. Ctenacis consists of two allopatric Indian Ocean species, while Proscyllium is monotypic genus confined to the northwest Pacific. The revised Ctenacis can be distinguished from Proscyllium in having a broader and longer head (head length 21%–23% vs. 16%–18% of total length), distance between pectoral and pelvic bases shorter than head length (vs. greater than head length), more teeth (upper jaw with 80–86 vs. 46–62 tooth files), and a complex colour pattern of dark reddish‐brown blotches and saddles (vs. colour pattern of small black spots). A revised key to the genera of proscylliids and species of Ctenacis is provided.
... The green poacher Podothecus hamlini Jordan and Gilbert in Jordan and Evermann 1898 was originally described in the vicinity of Shana Village (Kurilskiy Bay, Okhotsk Sea coast of Iturup Island, depth 33 m). Schmidt (1904Schmidt ( , 1950, followed by Soldatov and Lindberg (1930), Matsubara (1955) and later by Lindberg and Krasyukova (1987), considered P. hamlini, along with Podothecus accipiter Jordan and Starks 1895, as a junior synonym of Agonus gilberti Collett 1895, which in turn proved to be a junior synonym of Paragonus sturioides Guichenot 1869 (see Sheiko 1993a, b). This was the main reason P. hamlini had not been recorded for many years. ...
The poacher Podothecus hamlini Jordan and Gilbert in Jordan and Evermann 1898 is redescribed on the basis of 35 specimens collected in northern Japan and southern Okhotsk Seas. This species can be distinguished from Podothecus veternus Jordan and Starks 1895 by the following combination of characters: 2–2.5 rows of dorsolateral plates between the depressed tip of first dorsal fin and the origin of second dorsal fin (almost no space in the latter); plates on caudal peduncle with conspicuous spines (no spine); no black bands on the body behind the head (present); and a black spot present between the 1st and 3rd spines of first dorsal fin (absent). It is suggested that there is no P. veternus in the Japan Sea and that all previous reports of this species are erroneous and refer to P. hamlini.
... The following four nominal species, all described from Japan, are regarded as junior synonyms of Pt. heterurus, following Matsubara (1955) and Motomura (2004a). ...
A taxonomic revision of the genus Parapterois (Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) resulted in recognition of three valid species, Pa. heterura (Bleeker 1856) (type locality: Indonesia), Pa. macrura (Alcock 1896) (India) and Pa. nigripinnis (Gilchrist 1904) (South Africa). Previously regarded (as Pterois nigripinnis) as a junior synonym of Pterois heterurus Bleeker 1856, the last-mentioned is readily distinguishable from its congeners by having interrupted or wavy white lines and/or spots present below the eye (vs. solid white lines in congeners) and the pectoral-fin axilla with many white spots (vs. spots absent). Although Pa. macrura is most similar to Pa. heterura, the two species can be distinguished from each other by several morphometric characters, including the relative position of the orbit (with respect to the top of the nasal protuberance and the first dorsal-fin base), and the number of spinules on the cheek scales. Parapterois heterura is widely distributed in the eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans, whereas Pa. macrura and Pa. nigripinnis are restricted to the Arabian and Laccadive seas, and the southwestern Indian Ocean (east coasts of Mozambique and South Africa), respectively. Pterois jordani Regan 1905, Ebosia starksi Franz 1910, Pterois tanabensis Tanaka 1918 and Ebosia pavo Schmidt 1931, all described from Japan, are regarded as junior synonyms of Pt. heterurus. Pterois natalensis von Bonde 1923 (type locality: South Africa) is synonymized under Pt. nigripinnis. Lectotypes are designated for Pt. macrura and Pt. nigripinnis, and a key to species of Parapterois is provided.
... Mastubara (1941) reported two further specimens of Lestidium nudum, both collected together with Lestrolepis japonica, recording 31-33 anal-fin rays. Matsubara (1955) recognized only Lestidium japonicum (= Lestrolepis japonica) and Lestidium prolixium from Japan, which may indicates that his previously reported L. nudum are actually L. prolixum, not pofi. Hata et al. (2018) reported an adult specimen of Lestrolepis luetkeni (KAUM-I.101199) ...
A new species of the genus Lestrolepis is described based on 6 specimens collected from the Red Sea. The species differs from the congeners in having 31‒34 anal-fin rays, 63‒65 total lateral-line scales, 28‒30 prehaemal vertebrae and 79‒81 total vertebrae. Lestidium pofi Harry, previously recognized as a junior synonym of “Lestrolepis” luetkeni (Ege), is recognized as a valid species of Lestrolepis. A redescription of pofi is provided, based on specimens collected from off Hawaii, Japan, Madagascar and Australia.
... Our analysis indicates that the latter character has a broader distribution and is actually synapomorphic for clade A, which includes all species analyzed except the chlopsid Kaupichthys (Character 41:1; Figure 11). Smith (1989), following previous works (Asano, 1962;Blache & Bauchot, 1976;Matsubara, 1955;Smith, 1971), highlighted that Coloconger should not be included in the Congridae because all characters supposedly aligning these taxa are plesiomorphic. He consequently recognized Coloconger as the sole member of a distinct family, Colocongridae, and that classification has been followed until recently. ...
A cladistic analysis of the eel families Derichthyidae and Colocongridae is herein proposed for the first time on the basis of morphological data. We discovered dozens of new phylogenetic characters derived from a detailed analysis of the pectoral skeleton, an anatomical system neglected by most previous studies. Our maximum parsimony analysis indicates that Colocongridae sensu lato is paraphyletic, with its two constituent genera Coloconger and Congriscus appearing as successive sister groups of derichthyids. Monophyly of the family Derichthyidae, which has been questioned by some studies, is herein strongly supported by 10 unambiguous synapomorphies. We also stress the importance of the appendicular skeleton as a useful source of phylogenetic information for the resolution of systematic problems within Anguilliformes.
... Although Okada and Matsubara (1938), followed by Matsubara (1955), discriminated between S. vulpes and S. ijimae (placed in genus Sebastichthys by the former) on the basis of head length relative to longest dorsal-fin spine and pelvic-fin length, these characters were not found to be significant in this study. ...
A taxonomic review of the Sebastes vulpes complex (S. vulpes, S. zonatus and S. ijimae) established the existence of two valid species, Sebastes vulpes Döderlein in Steindachner and Döderlein 1884 and Sebastes zonatus Chen and Barsukov 1976, despite evidence of hybridization between them. Similarities between the species include the following: top of cranium armed with robust nasal, preocular, postocular, tympanic and parietal spines; interorbital space flat; anterior and posterior lacrimals without distinct spines, forming two blunt lobes; thickened rays in ventral half of pectoral fin; dorsal fin usually with 13 spines and 13 soft rays; caudal fin rounded; and pored lateral-line scales usually 30–35. However, S. zonatus is distinguishable from S. vulpes in usually having distinct vertical dark bands on the dorsum (vs. usually lacking), minute cycloid scales usually present posteriorly on the lower jaw (vs. usually absent) and present on the entire basal portion of the spinous dorsal-fin membrane (vs. absent below first to ninth or to last dorsal-fin spine). Based on specimen and literature records, S. vulpes inhabits depths of 0–50 m, ranging from Hokkaido southward to Shimane and Sagami Bay, Japan, and along the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula, whereas S. zonatus inhabits depths of 50–100 m, from Hokkaido southward to Shimane and Tosa Bay, including the Seto Inland Sea, and along the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula. Sebastodes ijimae Jordan and Metz 1913 is considered to be a junior synonym of S. vulpes, based on examinations of type and other genetically assigned specimens. A lectotype is designated for S. vulpes.
... Small eyes placed away from head margin (Fig. 8 ) Eyes nearly contiguous, separated by extremely narrow interorbital space, almost filled entirely by a bony ridge in both sexes; eyes small, upper eye diameter 3. Engyprosopon xystrias Hubbs, 1915 Figure 1; Table 1 Engyprosopon xystrias Hubbs, 1915: 475 (type locality: Vincennes Strait, Japan, 30°12'N, 130°43'40"E, 83 fathoms [151.8 m]). Norman, 1934:211;Okada & Matsubara, 1938:422;Matsubara, 1955Matsubara, :1259Amaoka, 1969:87;Amaoka et al., 1993:385. Material examined. ...
Species of the bothid genus Engyprosopon Günther, 1862 from the waters off Taiwan are reviewed. Nine species are recognized and described. Of the nine species, E. grandisquama (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846), E. multisquama Amaoka, 1963 and E. maldivense (Regan, 1908) previously known from Taiwan are confirmed, whereas E. xystrias Hubbs, 1915, E. mogkii (Bleeker, 1854), E. longipelvis Amaoka, 1969 and E. mozambiquense Hensley, 2003 represent new records for Taiwan. Moreover, two further species are described new to science. Engyprosopon brevifrontale sp. nov. is characterized by a deep and short body, large eyes situated close to the head margin, 0 + 9–10 smooth gill rakers, strong rostral and upper orbital spines on the ocular side, small rostral spine on the blind side, and a dark blue peritoneum. Engyprosopon parvipectorale sp. nov. is characterized by the combination of serrate gill rakers, large head (3.1–3.4 in SL); extremely narrow or almost ridge-like interorbital in both sexes; ocular-side pectoral fin distinctly short (1.4–1.6 in HL) in both sexes; and no rostral or orbital spines in either sex. Detailed descriptions and a key to all of the species of Engyprosopon recorded from the waters off Taiwan are provided.
... Prey remains were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level using a reference collection. Matsubara (1955) was used to identify completely digested fish, whereas cephalopod beaks, fish bones, and otoliths were classified using additional references (Arai, 1993;Clarke, 1986;Deguchi, 1996;Hotta, 1973;Kubodera & Furuhashi, 1987;Ohe, 1985;Sakamoto, 1984;Yabe, 1985). ...
Inter-decadal and geographic variations in the diets of Steller sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus, were examined based on the contents of 408 stomachs collected from coastal areas around Hokkaido Island during the periods 1994–1998 and 2005–2012. The most important prey species in the 1990s were gadid fishes (walleye pollock [Gadus chalcogrammus], Pacific cod [Gadus microcephalus] and saffron cod [Eleginus gracilis]). The frequency of occurrence and gravimetric contribution of gadids decreased in the 2000s latter period at three study sites (Rausu, Shakotan and Rebun) and were replaced by Okhotsk Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus azonus) and smooth lumpsucker (Aptocyclus ventricosus). However, analysis based on gravimetric composition indicated that the dietary diversity of prey showed only a slight inter-decadal difference, reflecting the wide diversity of prey ingested during both study periods. These results indicate that Steller sea lions along the Hokkaido coast are opportunistic feeders that utilize a wide variety of prey, and appear to feed mainly upon prey that is easily obtained.
... GEOGRAPHIC ( 1860) established Synchiropus on the basis of five species. Subsequently, Regan (1908), Jordan and Thompson (1914), Norman (1939, Woods (1948), de Beaufort (1951), Matsubara (1955), Schultz (1960), Ochiai (1963) and Smith (1963) included species with no antrorse process at the base of the preopercular spine in the genus 8_ynchiropus. Recently, summing up the characters experienced by the earlier workers, Fricke ( 1981 c) regarded Synchiropus as the genus characterized by the following: 1, gill openings sublateral or lateral in position; 2, base of preopercular spine usually without an antrorse process; 3, ray~ of second dorsal fin usually all branched, the last divided at its base; 4, membrane behind the last spine of the first dorsal fin small or absent; 5, Snout very short, usually shorter than eye; 6-10, characters in the neurocranium. ...
... Therefore, the former species is to be categorized into the 48-chromosome group, while the latter is out standing by the highest diploid number (52) among the cottoid species so far studied. According to Matsubara (1955), cottoid fishes are originally derived from a percoid ancestor, bearing a close similarity to perciform fishes in their morphological charac ters. In perciform fishes, the basic chromosome number has been considered as 48, since 2n, 48 has occurred in a number of species studied (Post 1965, Nayyar 1966, Ohno et al. 1968, Chen and Ebeling 1971. ...
The chromosomes of 6 species of cottoid fishes from Japan are studied. Trachidermus fasciatus and Cottus kazika have the diploid number of 40, the arm-number being 64 in the former, while 58 in the latter. The remaining 4 species belonging to the genus Cottus have the diploid number of 48. The arm-number is 58 in C. pollux and C. nozawae, 54 in C. hangiongensis, and 60 in C. reinii. The taxonomical relationship between the 48-chromosome group and the 40-chromo-some-group are discussed on the basis of the chromosome morphology.
... 9; Okada & Matsubara, 1938:99, pl.14, fig. 3; Matsubara, 1955:354; Chen & Weng, 1967:31; Chen, 1969:129; Chen & Yu, 1986:249; Shao et al., 1994a:276. Remarks. ...
An annotated checklist of eels, orders Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes, occurring in Taiwanese waters is presented. The checklist is the result of a series of systematic studies conducted by the authors in the past few years. The eel fauna of Taiwan is one of the richest in the world with a total of 206 species in 74 genera and 13 families in Anguilliformes and a single species in Saccopharyngiformes. The most species-rich families are the Muraenidae with 71 species, followed by the Ophichthidae with 60 species, the Congridae with 29 species, and the Synaphobranchidae with 17 species. Moreover , three genera and 42 species have been described based on at least one type specimen collected from Taiwan. Of these, 36 species are recognized as valid and 23 species are known only from Taiwanese waters at present. Historical records of all Taiwanese eel species are reviewed by examining the original descriptions and figures, vouchers, as well as the recently collected specimens, where available. This represents the first detailed checklist of eels from Taiwanese waters.
... Samariscus is distinguished from Samaris in lacking the prolonged anterior rays of the dorsal and pelvic fins, and in having branched middle caudal rays (vs. prolonged dorsal and pelvic rays and all caudal rays simple in Samaris) (Norman, 1934;Matsubara, 1955;Mihara & Amaoka, 1995;Hensley, 2001). Recently, Mihara & Amaoka (2004) described two new species of Samaris that have branched middle caudal rays. ...
A new righteye flounder, Samariscus neocaledonia sp. nov., is described on the basis of two specimens collected in deep waters (244-278 m) around New Caledonia. The new species is easily distinguished from its 18 congeners in having a combination of 78-81 dorsal fin rays, 62-65 anal fin rays, five pectoral fin rays, ca. 55-62 lateral line scales, and 10 abdominal and 31-32 caudal vertebrae.
... The only substantial considerations of the relationships of Luvarus since the work of Gregory and Conrad (1943) are those of Matsubara (1955 and, the latter proposing a close relationship to carangoids. In his treatise on fish morphology and hierarchy, Matsubara (1955:539-540) considered Luvarus a highly specialized scombroid that diverged early in the evolutionary diversification of these fishes. ...
... Coelorinchus tokiensis (Steindachner and Döderlein 1887) Coelorhynchus tokiensis: Jordan and Snyder 1901: 120 (new combination;listed); Jordan and Gilbert in Jordan and Starks 1904: 617 (in key); Jordan et al. 1913: 418 (listed); Gilbert and Hubbs 1916: 179 (description;2 spec. from East China Sea); Okada and Matsubara 1938: 450 (in key);Kamohara 1950: 277 (listed;Kochi);Matsubara 1955Matsubara : 1313Kamohara 1958: 73 (listed;Kochi);Kamohara 1964: 96 (listed;Kochi);Okamura 1970a: 194, pl. XLII, text-fig. ...
The taxonomic status of two grenadiers, Coelorinchus tokiensis (Steindachner and Döderlein 1887) and Coelorinchus longicephalus Okamura 1982, is revised based on the examination of their types and 42 additional specimens from Japan. Our examinations confirmed the two nominal species to be synonymous and C. longi- cephalus is herein regarded as a junior synonym of C. tokiensis. Coelorinchus tokiensis is redescribed and com- pared with similar congeners. The species belongs to the Coelorinchus tokiensis group (herein redefined) and differs from all other congeners in having the following combi- nation of features: ca. six dark saddles on trunk and tail; light organ short, its length shorter than half orbit diameter; underside of head completely naked except for oval scaly patches on lower surfaces of preopercle; snout long (41–46 % of head length; 70–85 % of postrostral length), its dorsal profile almost straight in lateral view; tip of snout bluntly pointed, armed with three modified tubercles; lat- eral nasal ridge incompletely supported by nasal bone; premaxillary teeth in long tapered band, with outer series prominently enlarged, posterior end of tooth band almost reaching lateral corner of mouth; body scales covered with short, reclined, blade-like spinules in widely divergent, saw-toothed rows; lips usually pale; oral cavity blackish; gular and branchiostegal membranes dusky.
... —Böhlke 1953 : 136 ( type catalog ) . —Matsubara 1955 : 1193 ( southern Sea of Okhotsk ) . —Kato 1956 : 329 ( Sea of Japan , list , = C . ...
Herein we review and recognize as valid all previously described species of the Careproctus
rastrinus complex based on
morphological evidence, provide diagnoses and descriptions of all species, describe a new species
from the Beaufort Sea, and address the misapplication of several names throughout the area. In
particular, the name C. rastrinus is restricted to populations of the western Pacific and is known
conclusively only from the Sea of Okhotsk. Careproctus acanthodes, from the Sea of Japan and Sea of
Okhotsk, and C. pellucidus, from the Pacific Ocean side of northern Japan, are resurrect- ed from
synonymy with C. rastrinus. Populations of the eastern Pacific previously routinely identified as
C. rastrinus are recognized under two names: C. scottae, a name that is applied to deeper water
Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and eastern Pacific populations having a postorbital pore, and
Careproctus phasma, applied to shallow water populations of the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska
lacking a postorbital pore. Although we consider Careproctus spectrum valid, the species has been
routinely misidentified and is presently known only from the type series. Careproctus lerikimae is
a new species described from the Beaufort Sea, diagnosed from other species of the C. rastrinus
complex by the absence of the postorbital pore
and higher median fin and vertebral counts.
... USNM 51415 [9 spec.]). Ventrifossa garmani: Matsubara, 1955:1315.-Kamokara, 1964:96.-Okamura, ...
Species of grenadier fishes (Order Gadiformes) in Taiwan are reviewed. The species list of Shao et al. (2008) is revised. A total 71 species in 21 genera and 3 families is recognized, including 5 species that are tentatively identified and 5 species, Coelorinchus hexafasciatus, C. cf. macrorhynchus, C. cf. notatus, Hymenocephalus papyraceus, and Ventrifossa sazonovi, that are first records for Taiwan. Ventrifossa fusca is recognized as a junior synonym of V. misakia. Keys to families, genera and species are provided. Species descriptions are based mainly on Taiwanese specimens but supplemented with specimens from various other sources. Figures of species firstly reported by Shao et al. (2008) are provided.
... The short ninespine stickleback, Pungitius kaibarae (Tanaka 1915), is a small-sized gasterosteid fish occurring in the freshwater system on the Korean Peninsula (Kim 1997) and in southeast Russia (Amur and Primorsky Krai; Bogutskaya et al. 2008). This species has been treated as a member of P. sinensis (Kobayashi 1932), as its subspecies (Chae 1988;Chae and Yang 1988;Takahashi and Goto 2001) or as a subspecies of P. pungitius (Okada and Matsubara 1938;Matsubara 1955). Several scientists have identified this species as distinct from other Pungitius species upon taxonomic reevaluation (Igarashi 1969;Kim et al. 1989). ...
The contemporary distribution and genetic structure of a freshwater fish provide insight into its historical geodispersal and geographical isolation following Quaternary climate changes. The short ninespine stickleback, Pungitius kaibarae, is a small gasterosteid fish occurring in freshwater systems on the Korean Peninsula and in southeast Russia. On the Korean Peninsula, P. kaibarae populations are distributed in three geographically separated regions: the NE (northeast coast), SE (southeast coast), and a limited area in the ND (Nakdong River). In this study, we used mitochondrial loci and microsatellites to investigate the evolutionary history of P. kaibarae populations by assessing their pattern of genetic structure. Our analyses revealed a marked level of divergence among three regional populations, suggesting a long history of isolation following colonization, although ND individuals showed relatively higher genetic affinity to populations from SE than those from NE. The populations from NE showed a great degree of interpopulation differentiation, whereas populations from SE exhibited only weak genetic structuring. Upon robust phylogenetic analysis, P. kaibarae formed a monophyletic group with Russian P. sinensis and P. tymensis with strong node confidence values, indicating that P. kaibarae populations on the Korean Peninsula originated from the southward migration of its ancestral lineage around the middle Pleistocene.
... Snakeheads are purely carnivorous, feeding on small fish, frogs, crayfish and other aquatic animals. Channa argus is the most northern species among the member of Channidae, inhabiting Northeast China, Siberia, and Korea (Matsubara 1963), but has been recently found to populate the United States and reproduce there (Landis and Lapointe 2010). Some snakeheads attain a body length of 1.2 m (Nelson 2006). ...
... Remarks. Himantolophus Reinhardt, 1837 as Himantolophus groenlandicus Reinhardt, 1837, recognizing as a junior synonym of the former (e.g., Matsubara, 1955;Nakabo, 2002a). However, Bertelsen and Krefft (1988) revealed H. sagamius to be valid, being separable from H. groenlandicus in having the distal escal appendage length 6.2 -11% SL (0.9 -2.1% in H. groenlandicus), although this difference is evident only in specimens greater than about 100 mm SL. ...
A taxonomic examination of 3,108 specimens of mesopelagic fishes, collected around the Ogasawara Islands in December 2010 by a beam trawl net operated from the T/S Oshoro-maru, Hokkaido University, Japan, resulted in the recognition of 99 species representing 34 families and 65 genera. Descriptions are provided for all species, two of them〔 a stomiid Eustomias braueri Zugmayer, 1911 and linophrynid Haplophryne mollis (Brauer, 1902)〕 being new records for Japan. Three species, a stomiid Eustomias sp., trachipterid Desmodema sp. and oneirodid Oneirodes sp., could not be identified at the species level.
... (Aoyagi, 1954), A, fresh dead, WAM P.30909-002 [exact specimen and size not known], B, NMST-P 55637, male, 74 mm SL. (Aoyagi, 1954) ( Figs 16-19, Tables 1, 8) Dinematichthys riukiuensis Aoyagi, 1954: 235;Machida 1992: 270;Machida 1994: 461;Hayashi 1995: 11;Nielsen et al. 1999: 130. Brotulina fusca. -Matsubara 1955: 800 (not Diancistrus fuscus Fowler, 1946. ...
A revision of the dinematichthyine fishes (Ophidiiformes: Bythitidae: Brosmophycinae) of the Indo-West Pacific based on more than 6500 specimens is published in several parts. Part IV is the last part and includes 4719 identified specimens in the genera Alionematichthys (new genus with three described and eight new species), Dinematichthys Bleeker, 1855 (with one described and one new species) and Porocephalichthys (new genus with one described species). A neotype of Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides Bleeker, 1855 is here designated. The genera reviewed here have in common a high anterior nostril and are considered to be related to each other. When previously described, they were all included in the genus Dinematichthys. The separating characters of the species are the pseudoclasper morphology, morphometric characters, vertebrae and fin ray counts, otolith morphology, head squamation, presence or absence of the upper preopercular pore and development of cirri on the snout.
This study is a taxonomic review of the ponyfish genus Equulites Fowler 1904 (Leiognathidae), which is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: downward projecting mouth; small teeth forming a narrow band on jaws; a dark blotch on neither nape nor spinous dorsal fin; clearing of the guanine-lined gas bladder extending to the full length of the bladder, not restricted posteriorly, a triangular or trapezoid translucent patch ventrolaterally on body in males; dark vermiculation, broad oblong ring markings and/or short oblique lines on the dorsolateral body. Ten species are herein recognized: three species of the Equulites elongatus species group [Equulites aethopos Suzuki and Kimura 2017—restricted to the southern Red Sea; Equulites elongatus (Günther 1874)—Myanmar, Indonesia and northern Australia; Equulites popei (Whitley 1932)—the Red Sea, Mozambique, Oman, Gulf of Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines and Japan, Mediterranean by Lessepian migration]; Equulites berbis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1835) (neotype designated herein)—widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea and eastern coast of Africa to Indonesia, north to Japan, Mediterranean by Lessepian migration; Equulites laterofenestra (Sparks and Chakrabarty 2007)—Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia and northern Australia; Equulites leuciscus (Günther 1860)—Seychelles, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, northern Australia, Taiwan, and Japan; Equulites macrolepis sp. nov. Suzuki, Osmany and Kimura—Pakistan and western coast of Thailand; Equulites oblongus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1835) (lectotype designated herein)—India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia and Timor Island, north to Japan; Equulites rivulatus (Temminck and Schlegel 1845)—China, Taiwan, Korea and Japan; Equulites ryukyuensis sp. nov. Kimura and Suzuki—restricted to Okinawa, Japan. Diagnoses and descriptions (except for the Equulites elongatus species group) are provided for each species. The taxonomical status of Equula lineolata Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1835 is discussed.
Many elasmobranch populations were already depleted well before fishery surveys had even started, which means historical investigations are needed to reveal their ignored declines. This is probably the case for the Bramble shark Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre, 1788) whose populations in Europe are suspected of having decreased significantly. In order to document this data deficiency, an inventory
of Bramble shark material that had been preserved in natural history collections, was conducted in the period 2014-2022. A total of 128 collections were contacted around the world, and additional sources of information were traced and consulted (e.g. collection labels, museum registers, digital databases, index cards, pictures, manuscripts and publications). This resulted in a list of 234 entries, subsequently assigned to 169 individual Bramble sharks. These exhibits are, or had been deposited in 80 different collections, spread over 22 countries, whereas the other 48 collections yielded no results. At least 40 entries are presumed lost, so that fewer than 200 entries have been preserved to date, some of them in bad condition. Due to their historic and scientific importance, extensive efforts to preserve
these specimens are more than justified. A significant number of 64 individuals, representing more than 37% of all specimens that were recorded in this survey, have never been published, and are reported here for the first time. Associated geographical data and collection dates are present for nearly all specimens. These ‘new historical records’ can add significantly to our knowledge of the Bramble sharks’ relative abundance and geographical distribution in time. These data will be included in the ongoing Bramble shark Cold Case, a project that will document its suspected decline, and to implement appropriate conservation measures for this iconic, little-known and endangered shark species.
A taxonomic review of five scorpaenid nominal species included in the Neomerinthe bucephalus species group [Neomerinthe amplisquamiceps (Fowler 1938), Neomerinthe bucephalus (Alcock 1896), Neomerinthe kaufmani (Herre 1952), Neomerinthe megalepis (Fowler 1938), and Neomerinthe procurva Chen 1981], characterized by a lateral lacrimal spine, recognized four to be valid (N. amplisquamiceps, N. bucephalus, N. kaufmani, and N. megalepis), with N. procurva regarded as a junior synonym of N. bucephalus. A lectotype was designated for N. bucephalus in this study. The valid species, supported by a molecular analysis based on the mitochondrial marker Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I, can also be identified from combinations of the following characteristics: numbers of pectoral-fin rays, scale rows in the longitudinal series, scale rows below the lateral line, and scale rows between the sixth dorsal-fin spine and lateral line, eleventh dorsal-fin spine length, caudal-peduncle length and depth, and body coloration. In addition, the new species Neomerinthe harenartis is described based on four specimens collected from Vanuatu. This species, also bearing a lateral lacrimal spine, is distinguished from other Indo-Pacific Neomerinthe by having 19 pectoral-fin rays, 47 or 48 scale rows in the longitudinal series, 6 or 7 scale rows above the lateral line, and body depth 31.0–32.8% of SL, and lacking a second preopercular spine. A key to species in the N. bucephalus species group is given.
Histories of ichthyology and fish collection building in Japan were reviewed in this chapter. Our historical research revealed that systematic studies of Japanese fishes began with European zoologists in the late 1700s, and many new species were reported from Japan by European and American ichthyologists in the 1800s and the early 1900s. After the Meiji restoration in 1867, Japanese zoologists started systematic studies of fishes and building fish collections under the influence of European and American zoologists. Most new Japanese fishes were reported by foreign ichthyologists (e.g., David Starr Jordan and his colleagues) by 1920; however, after 1921, the number of new species described by Japanese ichthyologists became more than that by foreign ichthyologists. Before World War II, three distinguished ichthyologists, Shigeho Tanaka, Kiyomatsu Matsubara, and Keitaro Uchida, appeared to make great contributions to ichthyology in Japan. They developed not only systematic studies but also fish collections at their research institutions. After World War II, Matsubara and Uchida educated many graduate students who made subsequent contributions to ichthyology and collection building at their universities. Beginning in the 1970s and continuing to the present, large fish books were published under coauthorship with many Japanese ichthyologists, which provided beautiful color photographs and/or identification keys with helpful illustrations, making it easier for ichthyologists to understand the fish diversity of Japan. When comparing ichthyological studies before and after World War II, it is clear that there were few phylogenetic studies before the War but afterward, Matsubara
, his colleagues and students, published many phylogenetic monographs based on detailed comparative anatomical studies. This tradition has been maintained by young generations at several universities and institutions, but phylogenetic methodologies have recently been changing from morphological comparisons to molecular analysis. Thanks to the efforts of many Japanese ichthyologists, the number of recognized Japanese species has been greatly increased, now numbering 4617. Still, however, about 25 new species have been described from Japan every year for the past several decades. It will therefore be a long time before ichthyologists have a full understanding of the fish diversity of Japan.KeywordsHistorySystematicsPhylogenyLarvaeFaunaJapanese ichthyologists
The rare Japanese deep-sea snailfish Careproctus rhodomelas Gilbert and Burke, 1912 is redescribed based on the holotype and 10 newly-collected specimens (30.0–131.4 mm standard length), with notes on morphological variations in pelvic disk size and body coloration caused by ontogenetic development. An updated distribution of the species is also provided, including the first voucher-supported records off eastern Miyakejima Island and the Hatoma Knoll in the southern part of the Okinawa Trough.
All available data on sakhalin sturgeon Acipenser mikadoi are summarized. Its historical and modern habitats are described and their significant reduction is noted. Now the species is abundant in the Russian part of its range only — in the Tumnin River, where it is represented in commercial catches by two clearly different groups: large-sized juveniles (FL 43–68 cm) and mature fish (FL 135–169 cm). Juveniles of sakhalin sturgeon migrate during their first years, as their osmoregulatory system forms, to the lower reaches of Tumnin, to the internal estuary, and then to the Datta Bay, the Tatar Strait and the Japan Sea. When returned to the Tumnin, the spawners of sakhalin sturgeon have the length 135–169 cm (n = 29) and weight 15–36 kg. Sex ratio among the caught mature fish is 13.0 : 4 or 3.2 : 1 for females : males, on average. Fecundity of the sturgeon females sampled for artificial reproduction varied from 44.8 to 150.0 thousand eggs, on average 87.3 ± 12.1 . 103 eggs. In total, 17 mature spawners of A.mikadoiwere caught in the Tumnin River in 2006–2019 for artificial reproduction (♀ = 13, ♂ = 4), 13 individuals were injected, among them 4/5 of females and 2/3 of males gave high-quality sex products. Producers of this species were distinguished by high survival during manipulations of fish breeding (100 %). Their progeny had low survival, both embryos during incubation and juveniles during rearing; the survival rate for the stage from eggs laid for incubation to juveniles with weight 3.4–7.0 g was 1.85 %. The low survival was supposedly reasoned by combination of unfavorable environmental factors and fish-breeding manipulations. Totally 11,214 juveniles of sakhalin sturgeon with weight from 3.4 to 7.0 g were released into the natural habitat (Tumnin river) in 2007, 2008, 2015, 2017, and 2019. At Anyui sturgeon fish hatchery, the broodstock of sakhalin sturgeon with 274 individuals of 5 ages is created and operated successfully. The male sturgeons in the hatchery mature at the age of 8 years. Here, 11 males of the 2007–2008 year-classes participated in the spawning in 2015–2019. Re-maturation of males was not recorded yet. For the broodstock formation in other fish hatcheries, 200 juveniles of sakhalin sturgeon were transferred to them. To preserve the species, a set of measures is proposed to strengthen its protection and to enhance its artificial reproduction, including the fry releasing into the rivers of the mainland coast, Sakhalin Island, and Japan.
The new Indo-Pacific marine atherinid genus Doboatherina is established based on both morphological analysis and molecular-phylogenetic results. Furthermore, four species are described as new to science, and six species are redescribed as members of the new genus. “Atherina” valenciennei, “Atherina” woodwardi, Atherinomorus duodecimalis and Atherinomorus aetholepis are included in the new genus. The former two species had been excluded from the genus Hypoatherina by Sasaki and Kimura (2014) and the latter two species showed genetically close relationship with the former two. The new genus Doboatherina, belonging to the subfamily Atherinomorinae, is defined by the following combination of characters: ascending process of premaxilla somewhat short and blunt, its height 1.5 to 3.3 times the maximum width; premaxilla gradually tapering posteriorly, posterior lateral process small or absent; posterior upper margin of dentary usually with a process; upper posterior limb of dentary with pointed or sharply angular posterior tip; anterior preopercular ridge with a deep notch just above the corner; anus situated anterior to appressed pelvic-fin tip; dorsoventral height of exposed area in midlateral scale row wide, almost equal to the maximum height of the scale, and almost the same height as scales in just above or below midlateral row. The new genus is composed of the following ten species: D. aetholepis (Kimura, Iwatsuki and Yoshino 2002)—from the Gulf of Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea; D. balabacensis (Seale 1910)—restricted to Philippines (neotype designated herein); D. bleekeri (Günther 1861)—occurring in northern Vietnam, China including Taiwan, southern Korea and Japan; D. duodecimalis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1835)—widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, from Comoro Is., Madagascar, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Thailand (Andaman Sea), Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and New Caledonia; D. iwatsukii sp. nov.—occurring in Thailand (both Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand) and Vietnam; D. magnidentata sp. nov.—occurring in Gulf of Thailand and Vietnam; D. salangensis sp. nov.—restricted to Thailand (Andaman Sea); D. valenciennei (Bleeker 1854)—occurring in Sri Lanka, Thailand (Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea), Vietnam, Malaysia (Sabah), Singapore, and Indonesia; D. woodwardi (Jordan and Starks 1901)—restricted Okinawa Prefecture, Japan; and D. yoshinoi sp. nov.—from Yaeyama Is., Japan and Panay I., Philippines.
Examination of the syntypes of Lepadogaster minimus Döderlein in Steindachner and Döderlein 1887 showed that species to be identical with Kopua japonica Moore, Hutchins and Okamoto 2012, although long been regarded as a valid species of Aspasma. A lectotype is designated for L. minimus (= Kopua minima), which is regarded as a senior synonym of K. japonica. A species commonly regarded as Aspasma minima is described as the new species Aspasma ubauo sp. nov., on the basis of 58 specimens from the Japanese mainland, and characterized by the following characters: 5–7 dorsal-fin rays; 6–8 anal-fin rays; 19–22 pectoral-fin rays; 4–6 gill rakers on each arch; head small, moderately depressed (dorsal profile flattened), its length 25.2–34.4% SL; mouth terminal; snout slightly pointed in lateral view; no subopercular spines; dorsal and anal fins well separated from caudal fin; single row (except anteriorly on premaxilla) of rectangular incisors in each jaw, lacking posteriorly hooked tips; large circular gap absent between anterior parts of premaxilla in dorsal view; disc size moderate, its length 15.8–20.6% SL; disc region D and anterior central portion of disc region A without flattened papillae; head sensory canal pores well developed, including 2 nasal, lacrimal and postorbital, and 3 preopercular pores; body without elongated spots or stripes. Morphological changes with growth and sexual dimorphism of the new species are also described.
Dendrochirus zebra (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1829) (Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) is redescribed on the basis of 405 specimens from the Indo-West Pacific region. The species is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin soft rays usually 10 (rarely 9 or 11); anal-fin soft rays usually 6 (rarely 5 or 7); pectoral-fin rays usually 17 (rarely 15, 16 or 18); scale rows in longitudinal series 45–57; three barbels on snout tip; pectoral-fin rays with up to two branches (maximum) throughout life; and distinct horizontal T-shaped (rotated 90° counterclockwise) marking on caudal peduncle. Dendrochirus sausaulele Jordan and Seale 1906 is regarded as a junior synonym of D. zebra. A syntype of Pterois zebra from Mauritius is designated as lectotype of the species. Dendrochirus koyo sp. nov. is described on the basis of a single specimen from 143 m depth off Chichi-jima Island, Ogasawara Islands, Japan. The new species is characterized by 10 dorsal-fin soft rays, 7 anal-fin soft rays, 18 pectoral-fin rays, 51 scale rows in longitudinal series, 3 barbels on the snout tip, and a K-shaped marking on the caudal peduncle. Notes are included on the status of “Pterois zebra” Quoy and Gaimard 1825 and “Brachypterus” sensu Catala 1964.
The genus Mola of ocean sunfishes (family Molidae) is currently composed of three species: Mola mola (Linnaeus 1758), Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883), and Mola tecta Nyegaard et al. 2017. For a comprehensive revision of the genus, both literature survey and morphological investigations of Molidae were conducted. We found Mola alexandrini (Ranzani 1839) to be synonymous with M. ramsayi and we herein redescribe M. alexandrini based on the rediscovered dried holotype and 21 other fresh and preserved specimens. Mola alexandrini can be distinguished from other species of Mola by the following combination of characters in adults: head profile with bump; chin with bump; body scales rectangular; clavus rounded, supported by 14–24 (mode 17) clavus fin rays and 8–15 (12) ossicles on the rear margin. A neotype of M. mola is designated for comparison with M. alexandrini, as these two species have long been confused.
Taxonomic analysis of a group of morphologically similar and phylogenetically related ponyfishes (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) establishes the Equulites elongatus species group comprising three valid species: Equulites aethopos sp. nov., currently known only from southern Red Sea; Equulites elongatus (Günther 1874), known from northern Australia, Indonesia and Myanmar; and Equulites popei (Whitley 1932), known from Japan, Philippines, Malaysia (Sabah), Thailand (Gulf of Thailand), Oman, the Red Sea, and Mozambique. Although E. popei has previously been regarded as a junior synonym of E. elongatus, the present mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed that these two nominal species are different and that they constitute a monophyletic group separate from other species of Equulites. The E. elongatus species group can be defined by the following of characters: slender body (20–30% in standard length), deeply incised posterior margin of the adipose eyelid, and ventral surface of breast completely scaly. Equulites aethopos sp. nov. differs from the other two species in having smaller eyes (eye diameter 53–68% of postorbital head length vs. 78–137%) and tips of neural and hemal spines of the fourth preural centrum distinctly expanding (vs. slightly expanding). Equulites elongatus is distinguished from E. popei by: scales above and below the lateral line 5–9 and 9–14, respectively (vs. 8–13 and 12–19), anus anteriorly located (distance from the pelvic-fin insertion to the center of anus 30–42% of the distance from the pelvic-fin insertion to the anal-fin origin vs. 35–50%), and more numerous dorsolateral dark marks (1–9 ring marks and 0–14 dark spots smaller than a half of pupil diameter vs. 0–2 and 0–5).
A taxonomic review of the genus Banjos (Perciformes: Banjosidae), previously restricted to a single species, Banjos banjos (Richardson 1846), recorded from the northwestern Pacific Ocean from the South China Sea north to Japan, as well as Lombok (Indonesia), New Caledonia and Australia, resulted in the recognition of three species, including B. banjos (northwestern Pacific Ocean, Indonesia and western Australia), Banjos aculeatus sp. nov. (eastern Australia) and Banjos peregrinus sp. nov. [northern Australia (Timor Sea)]. Records of B. banjos from New Caledonia probably also represent B. aculeatus, which is clearly distinct from other congeners in having a relatively long, strongly serrated spine at the posteroventral angle of the preopercle and an entirely dusky membrane on the spinous dorsal fin in juveniles < ca. 70 mm SL, in addition to slightly longer first and second dorsal-fin spines. Banjos peregrinus is characterized by a relatively greater head length, orbit diameter, postorbital length and pre-pelvic-fin length, as well as poorly developed serration of the exposed margin of the cleithrum. Within B. banjos, a population from the southeastern Indian Ocean, including Indonesia and western Australia, is regarded as a distinct subspecies (Banjos banjos brevispinis ssp. nov.), distinguishable from B. b. banjos from the northwestern Pacific Ocean by a relatively narrow least interorbital width, and shorter second and eighth dorsal-fin spines. Ontogenetic morphological changes within the genus and the status of the holotype of Anoplus banjos Richardson 1846 are discussed in detail.
The genus Peristedion Lacepede, 1801 occurring around Japanese waters is reviewed, with 4 species described based on 157 Japanese specimens: Peristedion orientale Temminck and Schlegel, 1843, P. liorhynchus (Günther, 1872), P. nierstraszi Weber, 1913, and P. amblygenys Fowler, 1938. The four species are distinguished from each other by the shape of the rostral projection, the position of the fourth sensory pore on the rostral projection, the number of branches on the filamentous barbel on the lip, the total number of chin barbels, and the shape of the perifacial rim. The present study records P. amblygenys in Japanese waters for the first time.
A portion of the genus Scolecenchelys Ogilby 1897, the Scolecenchelys gymnota species group, is taxonomically revised. The S. gymnota species group is defined as having the dorsal-fin origin located posterior to the level of the anus and consists of the following 10 species: Scolecenchelys aoki (Jordan and Snyder 1901) (Japan and Korea), Scolecenchelys australis (Macleay 1881) (southern Australia and New Zealand), Scolecenchelys brevicaudata sp. nov. (Philippines), Scolecenchelys chilensis (McCosker 1970) (Desventuradas Islands and Juan Fernández Islands, off Chile), Scolecenchelys fuscogularis Hibino, Kai and Kimura 2013 (Japan and Korea), Scolecenchelys gymnota (Bleeker 1857) (tropical area of the Pacific and Indian oceans, excluding Australia and the Red Sea), Scolecenchelys iredalei (Whitley 1927) (tropical area of the Pacific and Indian oceans), Scolecenchelys laticaudata (Ogilby 1897) (tropical area of the Pacific and Indian oceans), Scolecenchelys profundorum (McCosker and Parin 1995) (the Nazca Ridge), and Scolecenchelys robusta sp. nov. (southwestern Indian Ocean). Scolecenchelys iredalei is newly regarded as a valid species, but Muraenichthys erythraeensis Bauchot and Maugé 1980, Muraenichthys japonicus Machida and Ohta 1993, and Muraenichthys tasmaniensis McCulloch 1911 known as valid species formerly are junior synonyms of S. iredalei, S. aoki, and S. australis, respectively. A detailed examination of the generic status of “Scolecenchelys” acutirostris (Weber and de Beaufort 1916) is required.
The marine atherinid fishes of the genus Hypoatherina Schultz 1948 (Atherinidae: Atherinomorinae) were redefined from both morphological and molecular analyses, and eight of the ten included species were redescribed. In the molecular phylogeny, four regions of mitochondrial DNA were analyzed. The results of both trees of maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses indicated the paraphyly of the former Hypoatherina. "Atherina" valenciennei and "Atherina" woodwardi, both formerly belonging to Hypoatherina, show closer relationships with Atherinomorus duodecimalis and Atherinomorus aetholepis. "Hypoatherina" celebesensis is also apart from the clade including the majority of Hypoatherina species. In contrast, H. panatela, formerly regarded as a member of the genus Stenatherina Schultz 1948, is included in the present Hypoatherina clade. The present molecular phylogeny of the genus Hypoatherina can be supported by morphology. The genus Hypoatherina is redefined by the following combinations of characters: ascending process of premaxilla long and slender, its height more than 2.7 times the maximum width; both anterior and posterior lateral processes of premaxilla narrow and deep, the anterior process almost the same as or slightly deeper than the posterior process; premaxilla not tapering posteriorly; posterior upper margin of dentary with a prominent process; upper posterior limb of dentary with round or somewhat angular posteroventral corner; anterior preopercular ridge with a deep notch just above the corner; anus situated posterior to or slightly anterior to appressed pelvic-fin tip in adults; dorsoventral height of exposed area in the midlateral scale (third) row wide, almost equal to the maximum height of the scale, and almost the same height as scales just above or below the midlateral row. The redefined Hypoatherina includes the following ten species: H. barnesi-widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific; H. gobio (lectotype designated herein)-restricted to the Red Sea; H. golanii-restricted to the Gulf of Aqaba, inner Red Sea; H. klunzingeri-from Mozambique to eastern South Africa; H. lunata-distributed in Japan and Indonesia; H. panatela-from western and central Pacific Ocean; H. temminckii-widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific (neotype designated herein); H. tropicalis-restricted to the northeastern coast of Australia; H. tsurugae-occurring in Japan and South Korea; and H. uisila-distributed in the western and central Pacific Ocean.
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