... Specifically, social media is mostly asynchronous (i.e., there is time lapse due to the time taken to construct messages, though videoconferencing is an exception), permanent (i.e., texts and other content is stored or can be recorded), public (i.e., usually accessible by large audiences), almost universally available (i.e., can be shared regardless of physical location), lacks certain cues (i.e., physical cues such as gesture may be absent), quantifiable (i.e., use of social metrics, such as likes), and visual (i.e., use of photographs and videos). According to proponents of the transformation framework, these aspects of social media communication can have an impact in five key ways: changing the frequency and/or immediacy of experiences (e.g., frequency may be higher, leading to increased friendship quality and well-being; e.g., Burke & Kraut, 2016); amplifying experiences and demands (e.g., being available all the time elicits feelings of pressure or guilt to be available online and to respond to communication; Fox & Moreland, 2015); altering the qualitative nature of interactions (e.g., misinterpretation of information in online conversations leading to higher levels of social anxiety; Kingsbury & Coplan, 2016); facilitating new opportunities for compensatory behaviours (e.g., higher self-esteem in shy or introverted adolescents interacting with exclusively online friends; van Zalk et al., 2014), and; creating entirely novel behaviours (e. g., adolescents adjusting their offline behaviours to avoid a negative self-image presentation to their online audience through statements, pictures, or videos; Marder et al., 2016). ...