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Krause's Food & the Nutrition Care Process
... Some examples of food and constituents found in food include vitamins, minerals, fat, proteins, caffeine, or alcohol. [16,18] There are two general concerns regarding interactions between nutrients and medications: the impact the nutrient has on the medication and the impact the medication has on nutritional status. Although nutrients can dramatically impact the effectiveness of medications, the focus of this risk is on the impact that medications may have on an individual's nutritional status. ...
... Although nutrients can dramatically impact the effectiveness of medications, the focus of this risk is on the impact that medications may have on an individual's nutritional status. The interactions that may occur between medications and nutrients can be physical, chemical, physiological, and/or pathophysiological [18,19] ENT medications may impact nutritional status directly or indirectly. Direct impacts of medications on nutritional status include changes to the following: The absorption and the distribution of the nutrient, The metabolism of the nutrient, and the rate at which the nutrient is excreted. ...
... These direct impacts of ENT medications among others may be severe enough to lead to nutrient deficiency and/or nutrient toxicity, which can then impact gastrointestinal system and other human systems such as bone formation, immune system function, and energy metabolism, which will in turn destabilize the homeostasis of the body. [18] These medications can cause indirect impacts on nutritional status, and these include the following: Changes to appetite, Changes to taste and smell, a dry or sore mouth, and Epigastric distress, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and/or constipation. These indirect medications related side-effects can impact the amount and/or variety of foods consumed by the individual and may lead to weight changes and/or the development of nutrient deficiency diseases. ...
Objectives: This study reviewed recent advances in medications of ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialty over two decades by identifying the priority conditions in children and adult, as well as the essential medicines used for treating these conditions, and identifying the impact of drug-nutrient interaction on metabolism of drugs and nutrition status of its users. Method: A systematic electronic literature search of Medline/PubMed, ResearchGate, Cochrane reviews, and Web of Science was conducted for journals and published articles describing pattern of drug prescription in ENT medical Practice. Articles on pattern of ENT drugs prescribed, the impact of drugs on homeostasis of the body, and current trend of drug utilization were considered for review. Results: A total of 43 articles were identified for this review. Most of the studies revealed prescribing more than one medication. Most used antibiotic was Amoxicillin-Clavulanate followed by fluoroquinolones. Along with the antibiotics, analgesics and antihistamines were commonly prescribed. Mostly, antibiotics were prescribed without culture and sensitivity reports. Conclusion: The reviews showed that more than one medication was prescribed, most of which were fixed dose combinations or by Brand name. Mainly, antibiotic was prescribed before culture and sensitivity tests, which may be the core factor of growing antibiotic resistance. Creating awareness among physicians via Continuous Medical Educations may overcome drug prescription pattern, drug-nutrient interactions, and drug utilization trend.
... the emergence of organic acids in high concentrations, and lead to demineralization of tooth enamel (Mahan & Raymond, 2016;Stanski & Palmer, 2015). If demineralization exceeds remineralization over time, cavitation of the enamel surface will occur, leading to decay (Kleinman & Greer, 2014). ...
... If demineralization exceeds remineralization over time, cavitation of the enamel surface will occur, leading to decay (Kleinman & Greer, 2014). The type, form, and frequency of food and drink consumed have a direct effect on oral pH and microbial activity, which can increase tooth decay (Mahan & Raymond, 2016). ...
... Por tal motivo, el primer escalón en el abordaje terapéutico será a través del manejo psicológico, ya que con éste se puede modificar la estructura mental del paciente en la interrelación con el alimento como objeto de descarga emocional; mejora la autoestima, el autoconcepto y la autoimagen; controla el simbolismo que el paciente da al alimento como medio de transferencia de sus emociones negativas; ayuda a romper la relación emocional de ingerir alimento durante situaciones de estrés o emocionales, y logra mantener estable el peso alcanzado con la disminución de recaídas del paciente. 12,23 La nutrición y los planes alimenticios también pueden ayudar en gran medida en la reducción de la obesidad. Actualmente, la nutrición basada en evidencias muestra diferentes sustancias o compuestos activos presentes en algunos alimentos que probablemente ayuden a la reducción de comorbilidades. ...
El presente trabajo es un resumen de obesidad enfocado a la fisiopatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento, y tiene como objetivo ofrecer las actualidades en investigación. En la génesis de la obesidad se involucran factores relacionados al estilo de vida, como una dieta inadecuada, falta de actividad física, cambios neuroendocrinos y la genética, principalmente. Esto provoca acumulación de grasa visceral y por ende obesidad, factor desencadenante de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, tales como: diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, hipertensión y síndrome metabólico. La obesidad está relacionada con el desequilibro entre consumo y gasto energético, por lo que, a largo plazo, una dieta alta en hidratos de carbono y grasas acelera su desarrollo. El sobrepeso y la obesidad se han convertido en un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, y en México las cifras son alarmantes, ya que más del 70% de la población adulta lo presenta. Es debido a esto que se realizan nuevas investigaciones con el objetivo de entender adecuadamente el proceso fisiopatológico de la obesidad, así como todas las cascadas de señalización implicadas en la génesis de complicaciones, con la finalidad de actuar oportunamente a través del manejo multidisciplinario e impedir que continúe siendo una epidemia.
... This increase results in the kidneys having to filter out more salt and water. The walls of the blood vessels then react by thickening and narrowing, thereby increasing resistance which in turn requires higher pressure to move blood to the organs and the result is hypertension (Mahan & Raymond, 2017). Knowledge is divided into 3 categories, good (80-100%), sufficient (60-79%), and poor (<60%). ...
Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus are the most common causes of Metabolic Syndrome, one of which leads to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Risk factors associated with this condition are diet and nutritional knowledge. This study aims to determine differences in nutritional intake and nutritional knowledge in patients with kidney disease on hemodialysis who have comorbid hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and/or both. The number of respondents in this cross-sectional study was 27 outpatients undergoing hemodialysis at RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang, taken by consecutive sampling which met the inclusion criteria. The variables studied were dietarily obtained from the SQ-FFQ and nutritional knowledge was obtained from interviews using a questionnaire form containing questions related to diet, food consumed, restricted foods, and foods to avoid. The results showed that 17 hemodialysis patients suffered from hypertension and 10 patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. There was no difference in dietary intake between the hypertension group and hypertension and the diabetes mellitus group (p>0.05), the results of the analysis of nutritional knowledge also showed no difference between the two groups (p>0.05). This study concluded that hemodialysis patients who experienced hypertension and hypertension with Diabetes Mellitus did not show differences in dietary intake and nutritional knowledge.
... Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are among the most common and chronically persistent disorders affecting the digestive system (Okawa et al., 2019). Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is an apt example of chronic FGID that is associated with abdominal pain and discomfort which may be present along with other gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, fullness, belching, constipation, diarrhoea etc. (Mahan & Raymond, 2017). Functional constipation, indigestion and IBS are the most reoccurring gastrointestinal disorders affecting the quality of life, with an increase in economic burden (Hanel et al., 2021;Okawa et al., 2019).Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) patients have reported that IBS symptoms can lead to absenteeism and loss of work (Frändemark et al., 2022). ...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a condition affecting the lower gastrointestinal tract which is characterized by unexplained abdominal pain or discomfort along with other symptoms such as constipation, diarrhoea, bloating etc. which may be vague and transient. Studies have reported that IBS affects the quality of life among the IBS patients. With an increase in globalization and urbanization the roles of females in India are also changing. Thus, study is an attempt to understand the effect of IBS symptoms on the work-life balance of working females. This is a prospective case-control study conducted in the gastroenterology outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary health care centre. The sample consisted of 50 working females suffering from IBS (case) and 50 healthy working females (control). Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Scale (updated 2021), Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Symptom Severity Score Scale (IBS-SSS) and Likert scale were used in this study. The data was analysed using IBM SPSS Version 20. The results reported that IBS affects all the socioeconomic groups. The IBS symptoms such as abdominal distention reported a highly significant positive correlation with factors affecting work-life balance i.e., fatigue (p<0.001) and taking help from co-workers (p<0.001). Abdominal pain also showed a significant positive correlation with fatigue (p<0.008) and a highly negative correlation with enjoying leisure time (p<0.001). The comparison between IBS females (case) and healthy females (control) also indicated that the working females suffering from IBS symptoms complete official work on weekends, miss out quality time with family and friends and find it difficult to maintain a balance between career and personal life as compared to healthy working females. Thus, this study emphasizes that there is a need for multidimensional support from family, co-workers, doctors, dieticians and counsellors so that the working females suffering from IBS can improve their physical as well as mental health ultimately achieving the desired work-life balance.
... Hal ini diperlukan untuk kelangsungan dalam mencapai status gizi optimal sehingga terlepas dari risiko KEK. Berdasarkan kelompok sumber zat gizi, makanan yang beragam dikelompokan menjadi makanan pokok sebagai sumber karbohidrat, lauk pauk hewani sebagai sumber protein hewani, lauk pauk nabati sebagai sumber protein nabati, sayuran sebagai sumber vitamin dan mineral (Mahan dan Raymond, 2016). Keseluruhan zat gizi tersebut dibutuhkan oleh WUS risiko KEK untuk mengoptimalkan status gizi. ...
Rendahnya kualitas dan kuantitas makanan merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya kurang energi kronik (KEK) pada wanita usaia subur (WUS). Prevalensi KEK pada WUS cukup tinggi. Kajian Kualitas pangan pada WUS masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas pangan pada WUS yang beresiko KEK. Desain studi yang digunakan obeservasional. Responden merupakan wanita usia subur derusia 19-23 tahun yang memiliki LILA < 23,5 cm. Data MDDW diambil menggunakan recall 24-hour. Semua makanan yang dilaporkan dikonsumsi selama recall 24-hour diklasifikasikan ke dalam sepuluh kelompok pangan. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS 20.0, data MDDW di sajikan dalam data frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa skor mddw 6 merupakan skor yang paling tinggi dengan presentase 31,4%. dari 35 wanita usia subur sebesar 100% wanita usia subur mengkonsumsi kelompok makanan pokok yaitu serealia dan umbi umbian, sebesar 88,6% mengkonsumsi kelompok sayuran lainnya dan 85,7 % mengkonsumsi daging. Sedangkan konsumsi terendah berada pada kelompok kacang kacangan dan kacang polong yaitu sebesar 15,3%. Skor Minimum Dietary Diversity Women (MDDW) pada Wanita Usia Subur 30% berada pada kategori Tinggi. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan Minimum Dietary Diversity Women (MDDW) pada wanita usia subur yang beresiko KEK menunjukkan kelompok pangan makanan pokok merupakan kelompok pangan yang dikonsumsi paling banyak oleh wus dan kemudian kelompok pangan sayur lainnya. Berdasarkan MDDW pada wanita usai subur skor 6 merupakan skor dengan persentase terbanyak. Sebagian besar subjek memiliki keragaman pangan yang tinggi. Kata Kunci: Keragaman pangan, MDDW, Wanita Usia Subur The prevalence of chronic energy deficiency among women of reproductive age in Indonesia is high. Low dietary diversity is one of the main risk factors for chronic energy deficiency in women of childbearing age. Several different tools are used to assess the variety of food consumption. One is the Minimum Dietary Diversity Women (MDDW) score. The MDDW score is an indicator recommended by FAO to provide comprehensive data on community dietary diversity as reflected in dietary diversity. The limited number of reports on dietary diversity in specific groups, particularly women of childbearing age at risk of chronic energy deficiency, and the inconsistent results of studies on dietary diversity prompted this study as an effort to provide evidence-based information. It will evaluate dietary diversity in women of reproductive age at risk of chronic energy intake. Type of study used: observational, cross-sectional. Respondents were women of childbearing age aged 19-23 years with upper arm circumference < 23.5 cm. MDDW scores were collected using 24-hour recall and analyzed. Descriptive analysis was used in this study, with MDDW score data presented as frequencies and percentages. SPSS 20.0 was used for data analysis. The results showed that the MDDW score of women of childbearing age was highest at a score of 6, with a rate of 31.4%. All respondents (100%) consumed staple food groups such as cereals and tubers, 88.6% consumed other vegetable groups, and 85.7% consumed meat. The beans and peas group had the lowest consumption, at 15.3%. In total, 30% of the respondents had a high MDDW score. The conclusion of this study shows that MDDW in women of childbearing age at risk of chronic energy deficiency consume staple foods and other vegetable food groups. Most of the subjects have a high dietary diversity. Keywords: Dietary diversity, MDDW, Women of reproductive age
... GFR that reaches <15 ml/min per 1,73 2 indicates that chronic renal failure has occurred and requires dialysis therapy, transplantation, or other treatments to replace kidney functions. 1 Chronic renal failure in the early stages tends to be asymptomatic, so it can only be detected through blood or urine tests. However, at stage 4 or 5, symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, decreased appetite, swelling, shortness of breath due to pulmonary edema, and low urine output (oliguria). 2 The causes of CKD are diverse globally, however, the two main causes are diabetes mellitus, both type 1 and 2, and hypertension. ...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a form of renal failure for 3 consecutive months that can be treated with hemodialysis. CKD patients need to undergo diet according to their kidney condition to prevent complications. On Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of CKD reached 3.8 percent for population aged ≥15 years. The study aimed to determine the effect of nutritional counseling with dietary journal on the knowledge, attitudes, and dietary compliance of CKD patients who were undergoing hemodialysis at PGI Cikini Hospital. The study used a one-group pre and post-test design with 39 samples. Nutrition counseling was carried out using dietary journal twice. Knowledge and attitudes of samples were collected by asking samples to fill out questionnaire before and 1 week after nutrition counselings. Dietary compliances were collected from energy intake, macro and micronutrients, and IDWG values. The results showed that there were increases in the number of samples with adequate and good knowledge levels, positive attitudes, and in the compliant group to 84.6 percent; 94.9 percent; and 69.3 percent, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the level of knowledge and compliance of CKD patients underwent hemodialysis at RSI PGI Cikini after nutrition counseling with a dietary journal. However, nutrition counseling has no effect on patients’ attitudes towards hemodialysis diet. It was concluded that nutritional counseling with a dietary journal affected the knowledge and dietary compliance of CKD patients underwent hemodialysis at PGI Cikini Hospital. Dietary journal can be used as a tool to monitor patient’s dietary compliance. Keywords: nutrition counseling, dietary journal, CKD
Preference could be the trigger for fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in children and could be modified by appropriate intervention to increase the acceptance of FVs. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the three-year school-based multicomponent intervention “Nutri-školica” on the FV preferences of primary school children. It also aimed to explore whether a positive change in FV preferences could lead to an increase in actual FV consumption. The study was conducted in 14 primary schools from the city of Zagreb on 193 children (52.3% boys; age, 7.7 ± 0.4 years; n = 85 in the control group and n = 108 in the intervention group) who completed a preference questionnaire before and after the intervention with a 5-point hedonic smiley-face scale, where 5 means “I like it a lot.” The per-protocol approach was used for data analysis (28.3% of children from the study sample). After the intervention, children in the intervention group (before: 3.1 ± 0.8; after: 3.5 ± 0.8) increased their FV preferences significantly more than children in the control group (before: 3.2 ± 0.8; after: 3.3 ± 0.7). Children’s FV preferences changed most toward the varieties for which they had the least preferences at the beginning of the study. Participation in the intervention had a stronger effect on changing FV intake than change in FV preferences among primary school children. In summary, the present study highlighted that a targeted intervention can increase children’s FV preferences, but that participation in the intervention is substantial for increasing FV intake.
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