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The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work.
... Yet the incorporation of leisure activities, fun, and non-work activities into work (Hochschild, 1998) also implicitly constitutes a "neo-normative" form of managerial control (Fleming and Sturdy, 2009;Kunda, 1992), designed to improve productivity, such that care ultimately devolves into control. Modern attempts to stretch the limits of the workplace by creating homelike working environments can also thus be grasped through this central tension. ...
... According to English-Lueck (2000), founders of Silicon Valley even reinvent the company town, by creating a community in which work filters all activities, penetrating and dominating the lives of its inhabitants, such that the sociocultural order of the region becomes conditioned by employing companies. In reverse, employers and managers in modern organizations that introduce non-work elements into work spaces (Hochschild, 1998) extend the boundaries of the workplace, whether by intentionally dissolving the traditional split between home and office or by integrating both spheres. Whereas industrial company towns and phalansteries were designed with the aim to organize workers' houses to be closer to the factory (Green, 2010), modern companies can be interpreted as managerial attempts to extend their own boundaries to keep employees within and attached to the workplace (Crawford, 1995). ...
... Similarly, Fleming and Spicer (2004) note that in the scant literature that examines the power-laden nature of spatiality, the focus has consistently been within the workplace itself, even though the boundary that separates the inside from the outside is equally important in terms of controlling employees. With few exceptions (Fleming and Spicer, 2004;Hochschild, 1998;Kooijman, 2000;Shortt, 2015;Taylor and Spicer, 2007;Vidaillet and Bousalham, 2020), modern innovations in working arrangements, in particular home-like work environments fusing the personal and professional spheres, rarely have been questioned. In most cases, different types of modern workplaces (e.g., call centers, open plans, open spaces, corridor offices, team-based spaces) are conceptualized as spatial configurations that favor control over activities, whether in the form of "boundary control" by managers (Fleming and Spicer, 2004) or "visual control" and "monitoring" by peers. ...
This study aims to better understand the modern evolution of the workplace not only as a place to work but also increasingly as a place to live. Current research largely excludes the instrumental aspects of this blurring of personal and professional spheres at work, as manifested in an intentional dissolution of the boundaries between work and non-work activities. To understand the meaning and implications of these new workplaces, which rely on a central tension between care and control and tend to reinterpret paternalism as an organizing principle, this study develops a conceptual framework derived from Michel Foucault’s concept of pastoral power. This framework helps make sense of a caring mode of power that marks modern organizations. The application of this framework—using a qualitative case study of a French company’s home-like working environment—suggests a processual and constructivist conceptualization of these workplaces as a manifestation of pastoral power, embedded in a broader governmentality strategy. It emphasizes the material and discursive construction of the workplace as a place to live and highlights the emergence of neo-paternalism as a new form of care and control. This critical perspective informs discussion on the implications of this caring mode of control for workers, in a hopeful call to stay alert to modern capitalist intrigues.
... Новые исследования родства включают критический анализ власти, свободы воли и социальности, особое внимание уделено гендерным отношениям. здесь особенно важна работа Арли Хохшильда [Hochschild 1997] о «трудовых эмоциях», поскольку она ПамяТь мигранТов или миграция ПамяТи проливает свет на политические, культурные и экономические контексты амбивалентности [Hochschild 1997, 210]. Хохшильд [Hochschild 1983] показывает, что «чем глубже личная связь, тем больше эмоциональной работы происходит и тем больше мы не осознаем ее» [Ibid., 68]. ...
... Более того, ожидается, что женщины не только будут выполнять большую часть работы по уходу за домом и семьей, но и находить в этом удовлетворение. Таким образом, амбивалентные чувства, которые это может вызвать, являются структурными [Hochschild 1997]. ...
Many of Vienna’s labor migrants who entered Austria as so-called “guest workers” together with their spouses long nurtured the dream of returning to their country of origin, at the latest when they retired. By then, however, returning became less than straightforward leading to ambivalence regarding questions of belonging/return and transnational mobility and late-life care. Based on rich qualitative data, in this article, I show that ambivalences are found in the complexity of migrants’ narratives, particularly in the way they (1) reassess past choices, (2) negotiate feelings of belonging, and (3) assess future options for late life and care. I argue that the social dimension of ambivalence, which I term “relational ambivalence,” is crucial to understanding the labor migrants’ experiences, reflections, and choices. The analysis shows that ambivalence must be understood as a product of relationships rather than solely an individual experience. The concept of relational ambivalence captures these social and discursive dimensions of ambivalence. The article ultimately carves out the particularity of ambivalence in the general context of migration and in the specific context of Vienna’s labor migrants, while accepting feelings of ambivalence or the simultaneity of different, opposing positions in one and the same person as a core human experience.
... Alternatively, viewing workplaces as 'a family' could also mitigate workers' ability to separate their work and non-work lives (and selves). When work becomes a substantial source of meaningfulness and when work is perceived to impact one's colleaguesas-extended-family, workers, particularly women, are more likely to devote more of themselves to it, thus forcing them to continuously regulate time and identity at both work and home (Hochschild, 1997). Such oppositional -perhaps incommensurable -narratives of one's roles at home and work illustrate some reasons why women engaged in anxious self-talk around their conflicted identities and sense of self that undercut somewhat the notion of the entrepreneurial subject. ...
... Perhaps the paradoxical dynamic in which workers invest their selves in work in exchange for a sense of meaningfulness manifests profoundly for female managers in non-profit work. Female interviewees expressed a struggle not only to develop a meaningful non-profit work identity comprised of 'integrity with self ' and a 'unity with others' (see Lips-Wiersma et al, 2020) but also to contend with the burden of conflicting societal expectations around sources of meaningfulness in which women are expected to find meaningfulness at home and with families as well as with work (see Hochschild, 1997; see also Lopez and Ramos, 2017). All of this is exacerbated by the gender inequalities that pervade non-profit work (Themudo, 2009;Teasdale et al, 2011; see also Heckler, 2019). ...
Neoliberal marketisation is altering the nature of non-profit work, leaving workers to navigate a ‘double bind’ of mission- and market-based values. Some feminist scholars suggest these dynamics are particularly challenging for female workers. Drawing on a larger study of meaningful non-profit work and neoliberal marketisation as well as on contemporary critical and feminist scholarship, this exploratory study examines how neoliberalism’s entrepreneurial subject manifests along gender lines among non-profit managers. Data from interviews with 28 non-profit managers demonstrate that while both men and women evoke elements of neoliberalism’s entrepreneurial subject, female managers wrestle more with conflicting discourses of market and mission values and rhetoric as well as sociocultural expectations around gender, resulting in a ‘triple bind’. This article suggests that neoliberal market discourses are impactful in the manner suggested by feminist scholarship but not necessarily totalising nor deterministic.
... Another, related, way of looking at family practices comes from Hochschild (2000Hochschild ( , 2003 and what she calls the development of emotional labour or emotion management. These concepts are intended to illustrate the reality of many jobs, such as daycare workers, eldercare workers, that are performed mainly by women. ...
... In relation to this, several of the participating carers described themselves as gradually becoming (transforming into) something similar to 'home care staff', 'project leader', 'nurse', 'housewife' or 'parent', rather than a husband/wife (c.f., Gallagher & Rickenbach, 2019). Such use of terminology correlates with Hochschild's (2000) ideas about the family/work crisis and processes through which the domestic sphere seems to gradually revert to work, becoming a place with 'too much to do and too little time' (see also Olson, 2015). Although several of the carers have developed a perspective whereby they look at themselves as having a more professional approach in relation to their spouse, it is not always possible (or desirable) to maintain such a perspective. ...
Building on an ethnographic approach, this study aims to explore how the notion of couplehood and family life is understood and negotiated in everyday life by older carers and their spouses. Inspired by Morgan’s perspective on the doing of family life, and Hochschild’s analysis of emotion work and feeling rules, the article shows how the process of becoming a carer/care recipient creates a new life situation for couples. The findings show that gendered tasks of family life such as housework and financial responsibilities change between spouses, and new practicalities emerge. This in turn changes the power balance between the spouses and how they do couplehood. The findings also reveal how the participants’ sense of we and I are negotiated to do family life, with regards to their health, sense of moral obligation, personal autonomy, love and caregiving. A sense of social isolation is apparent, and social media, apps and online games are sometimes used to create digital spaces in which participants can maintain connections with friends and children, find solitude and regain energy by getting a temporary pause from spousal informal care. Such strategies enable couples to find balance and a sense of autonomy in their lives as a family.
... The process of managerial-and academic career-making provides an interesting angle on the issue of work-family balance and the division of labor within the private sphere, as the work culture surrounding these types of careers not only associates long working hours with workplace loyalty and commitment but also considers them essential for career progression (Bryson, 2007;Hochschild, 1997;Schneer & Reitman, 2002). Moreover, despite the breadwinner model no longer serving as the dominant family model, a modified bread-winner model in which women temporarily leave the labor market (Le Feuvre et al., 2020) is still common in Europe. ...
... According to feminist scholars, it is not uncommon that partners throughout their educational and/or career paths continuously make unequal employment and domestic decisions that favor men over women. This contributes to the reproduction of gendered power within relationships as men work longer hours and, thus, expedite their careers and increase their earnings, whereas their partners invest more time in unpaid household responsibilities (Bryson, 2007;Everingham, 2002;Hochschild, 1997;Hochschild & Machung, 2012). An Icelandic study conducted by Thorsdottir (2012) among the general public makes this pattern visible. ...
At the international level, Iceland is faring well on gender assessments concerning economic status, political position, education, and health. However, these rankings fail to assess what is happening within the private sphere regarding gender equality. We argue that research on the interplay between the domestic and public spheres is important because these overlapping fields affect the lives of women and men differently. By focusing on the earnings of doctorate holders in Iceland, we aim to obtain a better understanding of the gendered meaning and implications of found earnings inequalities. Relying on longitudinal population register data, as well as 32 in-depth interviews with doctorate holders, we find that the men earn significantly more than the women. While the quantitative model only explains a small part of the inequality, the qualitative findings indicate that decisions made within the household, referred to as team play, negotiation, and choices, play a defining role in post-doctorate career development. We conclude that, despite the male breadwinner model being outdated in Icelandic society, some of its pillar thoughts still persist beneath the surface, keeping gender inequality within the household in place.
... When we think of work, we often assume that it must be completed outside of the home, but this is not the case for many women, including farm women. Work and home life, according to sociologist Hochschild (2001), are in the American imagination in opposition to one another. However, this positioning fails to recognize the work that women like Annie performed on their family farm, where home and work life were intertwined. ...
... However, this positioning fails to recognize the work that women like Annie performed on their family farm, where home and work life were intertwined. Hochschild (2001) claims women are more likely than men in families to be "starved for time," which results from women working, taking care of childcare, and home needs (p. 229). ...
Women have always contributed to family farming operations; however, their labor was largely positioned as “women’s work” and ignored as contributing to the economics of the farming enterprise. Through examining the stories of farmers’ wives, this essay examined how the gender division of work and the ideology of domesticity silenced women’s contributions to family farming operations. Through oral history interviews and thematic analysis, this research project presents stories from two farmers’ wives (Annie and Belle) from western Illinois. The resultant analysis reveals that Annie and Belle labored on their family farming operations for most of their lives.
... Rachel and Farida, who married in the meanwhile, do the bulk of the household work while also working daytime jobs. They do not (yet) have children, so their days do not yet feel like "double-shifts" (Hochschild, 1997;Hochschild & Machung, 1989). The question for women in Amsterdam as well as Beirut is how they can win space for themselves. ...
... Most likely these demands pertained to the double standard of being allowed to be successful as long as they remained "feminine. " In a very real sense their "double (or even triple) shifts" (Hochschild, 1997(Hochschild, , 2003Hochschild & Machung, 1989) started in their parental households. ...
In Amsterdam and Beirut, Abdallah has ethnographically researched interactional dynamics between disadvantaged young people, regarding experiences of success, in settings of education, work, sports, and music. He analyzed how focus, mood, and bodily deployment produced shared symbols, emotional contagions, and situated solidarities and moralities.
He came to characterize constructive interactions as a main context for young people to experience three components of success: boosts, elevation, and grounding. Combinations of these experiences have important restorative effects for young people who suffer from an abundance of adversity and discouragement. Tensions arise for young people between, on the one hand, their loyalties toward old settings of belonging with their short-term, at times destructive, tendencies and, on the other hand, their success in new settings which demanded of them new types of discipline and commitments. Continued success depends partly on young people’s abilities, but more so on the availability of constructive interaction rituals helping them manage such tensions, without necessarily committing to one loyalty over the other. Next to young people’ s dynamics and processes, Abdallah has focused on the input of NGO professionals and volunteers in such constructive interactions to learn how their involvement can help young people in their struggles for success.
The analysis employs concepts of sociological studies of emotions, such as interaction rituals, emotion management, and embodied dispositions to clarify how emotion, experience and energy act as driving forces in young people’s activities and development.
... Le soin à autrui est souvent présenté, comme le faisait Rose-Marie Charest (Blanchette, 2014), comme une tâche, un fardeau à porter. On parle beaucoup de la fatigue des mères et des proches aidants en donnant l'impression que, de la famille ou du travail, c'est toujours la famille qui est trop exigeante (Hochschild, 1997). Il existe pourtant une pléthore d'études démontrant que les gestes de soin offerts à autrui comportent aussi des bienfaits pour le donneur (Boerner et al., 2004;Brown et al. 2015;Haley et al., 2003et Raposa et al., 2016. ...
... Despite women's increasing involvement in the paid labor force and some increase in men's participation in recent years Guppy et al., 2019), women are still doing significantly more housework (Daly et al., 2008;Milan et al., 2011;Moyser & Burlock, 2018) and childcare than men. Hochschild (1997) called this phenomenon the stalled revolution and explained that true gender equality will not be achieved until women's contributions to paid work and men's contributions to unpaid work are more balanced. The current imbalance leaves women with what is referred to as the second shift, which implies putting in a full day at work and then coming home to more unpaid work in the evening (Hochschild, 1989;Moyser & Burlock, 2018). ...
In January 2020, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged as a global concern and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020 (WH0, 2020). The Canadian government responded with directives encouraging people to wear masks and practice physical distancing, along with a shelter-in-place order implemented mid-March (Terry, 2020). Employers scrambled to respond with new workfrom-home policies and universities were expeditiously transitioned from face-to-face course delivery to online delivery. Primary and secondary schools and childcare facilities also closed mid-March per the government directives (Franklin, 2020). These unprecedented events resulted in employees working from home (if feasible) and professors and students transitioning to online classes, thus having to adapt to new technology (See et al., 2020) while parenting and home-schooling children.
... As a result, working itself can become a meaningful experience. In her research, Hochschild, (1997) found that some professionals and managers may actively decide to work overtime because they find their job not only financially rewarding but also more interesting and fulfilling than their social lives at home. ...
The aim of the DPhil thesis is to explore the particular case of the migration decision-making and experiences of German professionals in Britain. Not only is the mobility of professionals an integral factor for the economies, but it is also promoted and facilitated on the national and EU levels. Mobile professionals may be regarded as the ideal type of mover: invisible, young, highly-talented, competent in the local language, well-integrated. Indeed, due to these characteristics, they are assumed to integrate easily and enjoy the mobile lifestyle. However, some empirical studies highlight the complexities of this mobility suggesting that even those highly-desired mobile professionals are not immune to challenges, which may lead to instability, insecurity, and stress, suggesting that such migration is not as frictionless and easy as may be suggested.
In this thesis, I aim to address these aspects. Based on the qualitative analysis of 64 interviews with professionals and some of their partners, I draw our attention to the complexities in the lives of these privileged mobile professionals. On the one hand, German professionals moving to Britain may exemplify the notion of frictionless mobility, as they enjoy the right to move freely, they are educated, young, competent in the English language, employed according to their qualifications, and well-integrated. On the other hand, their mobility is more constrained than it first appears and their migratory experiences are not immune to challenges or unanticipated obstacles, such as Brexit. Furthermore, having partners or children may present additional challenges for the households, and not only impact the relocation strategies of the household but also impact the migratory experience of each partner. Discussing these aspects contributes to our understating of the particularities of the experiences of mobile professionals relocating between affluent countries, as well as highlights the realities and complexities of mobility and the lives of these highly-desired professionals.
... People's management of the demands they are exposed to (e.g. by using flexible working arrangements) is fostered and governed by the culture, values and norms in both occupational and private domains (see e.g. Hochschild, 1997;Perlow, 1998;Campbell Clark, 2000). Proactivity can therefore be a useful way to understand managers' awareness and handling of their stress and dilemmas. ...
The aim of this thesis was to deepen the knowledge concerning health care managers’ everyday work experiences and their handling of stress and balance. Background. Health care managers’ work is characterized by daily hassles, conflicting perspectives, and unclear boundary setting. They could therefore use support in boundary and stress management. Methods. A qualitatively driven mixed methods approach was used. Qualitative interviews, focus groups and workplace observations were used for data collection in Study I. Physiological stress indicators, stress self-assessments, workplace observations and interviewing were used in Study II. Analyses were mainly carried out on the interview data, using grounded theory methodology (Study I) and conventional content analysis (Study II). Results. Paper I shows that a first step in managers’ boundary setting is to recognize areas at work with conflicting expectations and inexhaustible needs. Strategies can then be formed through proactive, continuous negotiating of their time commitments. These strategies, termed ‘boundary approaches’, are more or less strict regarding the boundary setting at work. Paper II shows that nonnormative, interactive feedback sessions could encourage understanding and meaningfulness of previous stress experiences through a two-step appraisal process. In the first appraisal in the study, feedback was spontaneously reacted on, while in phase two it was made sensible and given meaning. However, during the sessions, some obstacles appeared to managers’ learning about their stress, preventing a second appraisal of the feedback. Conclusions. Awareness and continuous negotiation regarding boundary dilemmas can be effective as a proactive stress management tool among managers. Further, non-normative feedback on stress indicators may initiate key 3 processes of sensemaking which can aid managers’ stress management by increasing awareness and supporting learning about their stress. Proactive boundary awareness is a concept leading to better understanding of lower-level managers’ management of their time commitments and stress, which can be supported by continuous reflection, feedback situations and a supportive context.
... The primary function of service serialization is to secure time for thoughtful conversations between providers and consumers. In late modern societies characterized by continual time pressure on individuals, securing time is no trivial matter (Hochschild, 1997). As multiple informants lament, finding time to talk in depth with one of their friends can be rather challenging. ...
Purpose
Dyadic services research has increasingly focused on helping providers facilitate transformative service conversations with consumers. Extant research has thoroughly documented the conversational skills that providers can use to facilitate consumer microtransformations (i.e. small changes in consumers’ thoughts, feelings and action plans toward their well-being goals). At the same time, extant research has largely neglected the role of servicescape design in transformative service conversations despite some evidence of its potential significance. To redress this oversight, this article aims to examine how servicescape design can be used to better facilitate consumer microtransformations in dyadic service conversations.
Design/methodology/approach
This article is based on an interpretive study of mental health services (i.e. counseling, psychotherapy and coaching). Both providers and consumers were interviewed about their lived experiences of service encounters. Informants frequently described the spatial and temporal dimensions of their service encounters as crucial to their experiences of service encounters. These data are interpreted through the lens of servicescape design theory, which disentangles servicescape design effects into dimensions, strategies, tactics, experiences and outcomes.
Findings
The data reveal two servicescape design strategies that help facilitate consumer microtransformations. “Service sequestration” is a suite of spatial design tactics (e.g., private offices) that creates strong consumer protections for emotional risk-taking. “Service serialization” is a suite of temporal design tactics (e.g., recurring appointments) that creates predictable rhythms for emotional risk-taking. The effects of service sequestration and service serialization on consumer microtransformations are mediated by psychological safety and psychological readiness, respectively.
Practical implications
The article details concrete servicescape design tactics that providers can use to improve consumer experiences and outcomes in dyadic service contexts. These tactics can help promote consumer microtransformations in the short run and consumer well-being in the long run.
Originality/value
This article develops a conceptual model of servicescape design strategies for transformative service conversations. This model explains how and why servicescape design can influence consumer microtransformations. The article also begins to transfer servicescape design tactics from mental health services to other dyadic services that seek to facilitate consumer microtransformations. Examples of such services include career counseling, divorce law, financial advising, geriatric social work, nutrition counseling, personal styling and professional organizing.
... Furthermore, it served to adjust the rhythm and scheduling of work to fit family life engagements. Telework was described as a challenging 'balancing act', as the spheres of family and working life would integrate and work-life boundaries would be dissolved and redrawn (Green, 2002;Hochschild, 1997;Tietze & Musson, 2002). In a more recent context, studies of digital devices and work provide insight into strategies for regulating perpetual connective flow and constant availability (Dery et al., 2014) and preventing boundary intrusion (Siegert & Löwstedt, 2019). ...
We examine how mobile information and communication technologies (ICTs) and mediated interaction transform daily work activity in contemporary, extended telework. We expand on the concepts of mediated bundles and pacesetters to understand how the rhythms and employee control of work activity change. We draw on in‐depth interviews with 22 teleworkers with varying skills and work tasks. We find that mobile technology not only relaxes the time–space constraints of telework but fosters countering processes of recoupling and fixity. New ICTs shift the relative importance of individually defined and work‐related pacesetters. The rhythm of daily work is increasingly set by horizontal interaction between spatially dispersed coworkers. It is informally regulated through practices of the continuous‐mediated interweaving of workflows and synchronised responsivity in relation to changing work intensity. Highly qualified teleworkers more often signal that they are in control and setting the pace compared to less qualified.
... En av de mest kjente studiene på feltet arbeid og familieliv er kanskje den amerikanske The time bind av Arlie R. Hochschild (1997). The time bind er en sosiologisk studie av et moderne amerikansk hverdagsliv med foreldre i ulike arbeidslivskontekster, men det de har til felles er at de lever liv med familier i en slags konstant tidskrise. ...
Denne artikkelen er en kunnskapsoversikt med temaet foreldres arbeidsliv og barns erfaringer. Det er et stort tema som kan romme mange ulike innfallsvinkler og problemstillinger. Jeg har derfor valgt å gi en oversikt over feltet gjennom å fokusere på utviklingen med utgangspunkt i arbeidslivsforskningen og på hvordan barn og familieliv er forstått gjennom denne forskningen. På denne måten ønsker jeg å få frem hvilke utfordringer dette feltet står overfor. Fremstillingen er til en viss grad blitt kronologisk, men jeg vil understreke at selv om nye perspektiver kommer til knyttet til arbeid, foreldre og barn, så betyr ikke det at tidligere forståelser ikke er i bruk lenger men at de like gjerne eksisterer side om side med nyere forståelser og perspektiver.
... This suggests that responsibilities outside of work may represent personal demands, which is in keeping with Total Worker Health®, an approach that explicitly posits that worker health is affected by what takes place both at work and outside of work (NIOSH, 2015a, b). Childcare and eldercare responsibilities can require effort analogous to that of paid work and drain personal resources (Himmelweit, 1995;Hochschild, 1997); they also have a negative association with work ability (Cadiz et al., 2019;Fischer et al., 2006;Vedovato & Monteiro, 2014). Routine household chores/maintenance and household management have similar effects (Dugan & Barnes-Farrell, 2020). ...
Aging workers in manufacturing are at greater risk of workforce departure than in other sectors. Workers in manufacturing have a variety of job types. Some jobs require traditional kinds of intensive manual labor, but new technology now requires many workers to operate automated machines from computer workstations, resulting in different physical demands from traditional production jobs that can nonetheless contribute to musculoskeletal strain and decreased functional capacity. Musculoskeletal health (MSH) and perceived work ability (PWA) are relevant to departure decisions, yet studies rarely model these constructs simultaneously. We used the job demands-resources model to evaluate job/personal demands and resources as antecedents of MSH and PWA, and examine both as mediators of departure. Workers from six U.S. manufacturers completed surveys (N = 758). Most were white, male, married, and middle-aged (M = 47.2 years). Hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling. MSH and PWA were modeled as latent variables, and all others as observed variables. MSH and PWA were impacted by different demands and resources. Job demands (computer-based) and personal resources (sleep quality, leisure-time walking) predicted MSH, and job resources (supervisor support) and personal resources (sleep surplus) predicted PWA. MSH mediated relations of computer-based job demands, sleep quality, and leisure-time walking with PWA. MSH and PWA were unrelated to departure, likely due to sampling limitations. Identifying upstream causes of MSH and PWA provides primary preventative points of intervention – such as reducing job demands and offering needed resources – that may improve the health and functioning of aging workers.
... Care is gendered (Tronto 1993;McKie et al. 2008). In many contexts, women are still seen as the primary caretakers (Acker 1990;Hochschild 1989Hochschild , 1997, and globally women carry most care responsibilities in households. The differences between the time allocated by men and women in unpaid and paid work are indeed truly amazing, with huge policy and practical implications for gender equality (Swiebel 1999;Fälth and Blackden 2009). ...
Gender Equality, the fifth UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 5), aims for the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women and girls. It thereby addresses all forms of violence, unpaid and unacknowledged care and domestic work, as well as the need for equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life. Thus, the areas in which changes with regard to gender equality on a global scale are needed are very broad. In this volume, we focus on three main areas of inquiry, ‘Sexuality’, ‘Politics of Difference’ and ‘Care, Work and Family’, and raise the following transversal questions:
How can gender be addressed in an intersectional perspective, linking gender to further categories of difference, which are involved in discrimination?
In which ways are binary notions of gender taking part in inequality regimes and by which means can these binaries be questioned?
How can we measure, control and portray progress with regard to gender equality and how do we, in doing so, define gender?
Which multi-, inter- or transdisciplinary perspectives are needed for understanding the diversity of gender, in order to support a transition to 'gender equality'?
Transitioning to Gender Equality is part of MDPI's new Open Access book series Transitioning to Sustainability. With this series, MDPI pursues environmentally and socially relevant research which contributes to efforts toward a sustainable world. Transitioning to Sustainability aims to add to the conversation about regional and global sustainable development according to the 17 SDGs. Set to be published in 2020/2021, the book series is intended to reach beyond disciplinary, even academic boundaries.
... La mezcla de cosas se relaciona con la separación de esferas que supuso el capitalismo, dejando los afectos en el ámbito privado -el hogar-para no contaminar la racionalidad instrumental que opera en el espacio laboral. Como demuestra Hochschild (2001;, esta escisión es una ficción moderna. Entonces, la invasión del amor en el ámbito laboral puede verse como una mezcla de lo que, se presupone, corresponde a la intimidad. ...
[ESP] Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo consiste en comprender el inicio de las relaciones amorosas como un proceso signado por varios puntos. A partir del análisis de historias de amor de varones gays que aparecieron en diferentes producciones culturales argentinas contemporáneas, se propone un esquema analítico que problematiza la unidireccionalidad y linealidad de los comienzos de las historias amorosas. Se distingue cuando dos varones se conocen en persona y cuando lo hacen por medios virtuales, se traza una diferencia entre gestos eróticos y gestos amorosos y se reflexiona sobre el etiquetamiento vincular o la categoría que define la relación.
Palabras clave: amor; homosexual; Argentina; producción cultural
[ENG] Abstract: The purpose of this article is to understand the beginning of loving relationships as a multi-point process. From the analysis of love stories of gay males, which appeared in different contemporary Argentine cultural productions, an analytical scheme is proposed, which problematizes the one-way and linearity of the beginnings of love stories. It is distinguished when two males meet in person and when they do so by virtual means, it draws a difference between erotic gestures and loving gestures, and reflects on the link labeling or the category, which defines the relationship.
Keywords: Love; Homosexual; Argentina; Cultural Production.
... In her first book on homeschooling, she provides a fascinating introduction for educators interested in learning more about this group. She uses a feminist lens and rich descriptions and voices in a manner reminiscent of Hochschild's (2001) very readable work The Time Bind, about the gendered construction of household labor. ...
This is a review of the book Home is Where the School Is: The Logic of Homeschooling and the Emotional Labor of Mothering, by Jennifer Lois.
... Although the Danish and the Norwegian studies somewhat differ in terms of sampling criteria and the interview method, they both focus on the same themes relative to work and family life. In the Norwegian study, which included nine couples, one sampling criterion was that both parties have flexible or demanding jobs, in which the demands in principle are unlimited and efforts are largely based on self-motivation (Coser 1974, Hochschild 1997. The couples are between the ages of 40 and 45 and have children between the ages of five and 18. ...
... Thriving also differs from self-actualization because researchers argue it can occur absent of other needs being met (Spreitzer et al., 2005). Researchers initially pursued thriving out of an interest in determining how high performing and sustainable workforces exist within certain organizations given that people were spending increasingly more time at work (Schor, 1993) and work-life becoming increasingly more appealing than home-life (Hochschild, 1997). ...
The teaching profession has both retention and recruitment problems. High teacher turnover, paired with teacher shortages, has and will prove costly for all schools, particularly those in high poverty areas. Research in other professions suggests that attitudes and perceptions of work matter in both performance and in retention, yet, too often, school leaders and policy makers ignore teachers’ perceptions of their working environment. This study uses “thriving” – experiencing a sense of both learning and vitality at work – to investigate the work perceptions of middle school teachers in the high poverty setting to understand what contributes to the positive and negative experiences teachers face. The study employed an empirically tested survey tool to measure thriving, administering the instrument to 101 teachers, working in the high poverty (Title I) setting at five middle schools, in the same district, in the southern United States. I conducted follow-up interviews with ten high and eight low scoring participants to add teachers’ descriptions of what contributed to their thriving, learning, and vitality in schools. Correlated as well to factors from research on effective schools, the study suggests that teachers are less likely to thrive because of a lack of vitality, in part because of student interactions, and those scoring low on thriving are less likely to see teaching in their future. Learning varied less than vitality across the sample, but interviews revealed that thriving corresponds to more experiential views of learning as opposed to more episodic ones. I conclude with proposing a thriving teaching model to situate this study’s findings in the broader teacher retention context by providing implications of the model and proposed next steps to guide future research.
... Due to this they are unable to satisfy their family and work life tasks; thus the balance between work and life involves finding a happy way in which one can meet the tasks of work and home. In fact, people often spend time facing a dilemma, "which they did not have enough time to meet the demands of both work and home (Hochschild, 1997) It includes a balance between work and life balance is seen between work and the rest of life -the ability to fulfill their obligations at home or at work (Guest, (2002) ...
This research study is lead to explore the challenges faced by working women in balancing work and family life at universities of Quetta city of Pakistan. Usually Men are assuming to perform strength require activities which are not purely distributed to male in underdeveloped countries. In reality female are more engaged in these activities rather than male. Women play the list of roles as a mother, sister, wife, daughter, as a working women in our lives that are beyond compare. Pakistan is male dominated society it is a fact that the status of women has changed than past but still she faced problems and challenges especially as working women. Working women with high work load and lack of leaves are unable to attend their family functions as well as unable to give proper attention to their family members. The research study was quantitative in nature. The researcher select 115 university teachers for study their work life balance through simple random sampling The data was collected through questionnaire technique. The collected data were coded and edited and were analyzed through using SPSS. Chi-square test was applied to analyze the factors like time and household management. Teaching is one of the elegant professions. Lecturers or professors with work stress and depression cannot produce best students .specially it become a challenge for married women to maintain balance between work and family life. Therefore the need was felt to investigate the factors like time management that create hurdles in balancing both private and work life. This study is equally important for academics, researchers and organizations. The findings indicates that those women with initial years of their marital life find more difficulties in managing between their dual lives because at that stage they have the responsibility of small kids with domestic core management as well as they required extra potential and abilities to cope with office demands which creates role conflict for them. The study found that little relaxation in office timing, availability of day care centers and opportunity of job sharing makes the life of working women more relaxed.
... D'autres ont porté sur la question de la confiance sous ses différentes formes : celle de l'engagement organisationnel (Cook et Wall 1980, 39;Shockley-Zalabak, Ellis, et Winograd 2000, 35), celle de la confiance institutionnelle ou organisationnelle (Mayer, Davis, et Schoorman 1995;Callaway 2007), celle de la citoyenneté organisationnelle (Organ 1989), ou celle de la loyauté (Hoppock 1935, 283;Hirschman [1970Hirschman [ ] 2011 (Dujarier 2010, 430) Pour aller un cran plus loin dans la compréhension de la subjectivité individuelle, vers « cet au-delà du stress au travail », la sociologie a développé une sociologie des émotions, c'està-dire l'étude des émotions, non sous un angle psychologique, médical ou biologique, mais sous un angle sociologique 92 . Émergeant dans les années 1970, ce courant est issu en particulier de deux sociologues : Arlie Hochschild qui travaillait sur le travail des femmes (Hochschild 2002) et Thomas Scheff qui travaillait sur les « malades mentaux » (Scheff 1997 (Durkheim 1909, 755) La sociologie des émotions s'inscrit néanmoins dans un mouvement plus général et plus récent de la sociologie. Symbolisée, entre autres, par « la société des individus » de Norbert ...
À une époque où l’épanouissement personnel constitue un enjeu central dans nos différentes sphères de vie, le travail est pourtant régulièrement présenté comme source de stress, de risques psychosociaux voire de burn-out. En prenant appui sur le personnel international humanitaire, aussi appelé « expatrié », de l’organisation « Médecins Sans Frontières » (MSF), cette thèse étudie l’insatisfaction, entendue ici comme l’ensemble des expériences ou des émotions jugées négativement par l’individu. Sur la base d’une cinquantaine d’entretiens réalisés sur le terrain et d’une observation participante en tant qu’« expatrié » lors de dix missions humanitaires sur quatre continents, cette recherche ouvre plusieurs perspectives. Elle offre non seulement une vision, de l’intérieur, d’un secteur en mutation (croissance de la proportion d’expatriés issus du Sud, multiplication des critiques internes et externes, étiolement de l’engagement au profit de la professionnalisation), mais elle interroge en même temps les ressorts sociaux du processus émotionnel. L’insatisfaction, en l’occurrence la « frustration » du personnel international humanitaire, est communément décrite comme un écart entre des attentes et la survenue d’événements. Grâce à l’étude successive des tensions inhérentes au fonctionnement de MSF, des parcours de vie des « expatriés », puis de l’interaction entre ces individus et l’organisation, cette recherche défend la thèse suivante : quel que soit l’écart entre attentes et survenue d’événements, l’insatisfaction ou non d’un individu est d’abord le reflet de sa confiance dans l’entité jugée responsable, c’est-à-dire de sa reconnaissance des légitimités et des rapports de domination en jeu.
... Western literature abounds on this topic (e.g. Ferber and O'Farrell, 1991;Hochschild, 1997;Pleck, 1977), but relevant information on Bangladesh is rarely available. Unique socio-economic structure of Dhaka city makes this study an interesting one which sheds lights into multiple relationships between husband and wife, children and mother, domestic help and professional women. ...
As there has been an increasing influx of white collar woman professionals in Dhaka, maintaining work-family balance is becoming more critical day by day. This study particularly attempts to explore the correlation between working hour and work family imbalance. Three FGDs, each with 10 female managers, were conducted, to make a total sample size of 30. Findings report extensive working hours, per se 9-10 hours a day, as a lethal contributor to work family conflict, whereas shorter working hours (average 5-7 hours) have little or no affect. This study is based on Dhaka city and concentrated on private commercial organizations only. So an extended sample with more coverage is suggested.
... struggle managing paid work and family responsibilities, resulting in work-family conflict, stress, and decreased satisfaction (Collins, 2019;Hochschild, 1997;Wharton, 2012;Williams, 2000). Work-family issues also contribute to gender inequality, such as maternal discrimination, motherhood-wage penalties, occupational sex segregation, and women's exit from the labor force (Budig, Misra, & Boeckmann, 2016;Cha, 2013;Crowley, 2013;Stone, 2007;Wharton, 2015). ...
Many contemporary workers struggle to manage paid work and family responsibilities, leading scholars to explore mechanisms contributing to conflict between these two domains. Such examinations often center on pinpointing specific factors that explain variation in work‐family conflict, but these studies have less to say about how some occupational contexts create overwhelming demands for workers. In this article, I advocate for an approach that details the cultural and structural components of specific occupations. Building on scholarship about demanding jobs, I use academic parenthood as an illustrative case to demonstrate how certain occupational contexts are organized in ways that introduce challenges for caregiving. I then analyze how culture and structure jointly influence family‐friendly policies in the university setting, along with comparative experiences across discipline, gender, and race/ethnicity. Next, I describe how academic parents in the face of constraints, make choices, show agency, and demonstrate resistance. I conclude by identifying promising areas for future research.
... Darbo ir asmeninių poreikių derinimo galimybės dažnai aptariamos kaip šeimų gyvenimo kokybei labai didelę reikšmę turintys veiksniai (Conaghan, 2006;Hochschild, 1997;Figart, Mutari, 2000;Jacobs, Gerson, 2001;William, Boushey, 2010 ). Taigi, buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti dvikryptį darbo ir šeimos sąlytį -kaip darbas veikia šeimą ir atvirkščiai -šeima veikia darbą (angl. ...
... In previous literature on capitalism, a close connection is found between capitalism and a certain construction of time and temporality. Time consciousness linked to a future-oriented calculating rationality has evolved with the rise of capitalism (Thrift, 1981), where time is valued according to the efficiency and speed of productive work and comparative competition advantages in ways that commodify clock time (Adam, 1998;Hochschild, 2001;Rosa, 2013). The Swedish worker co-ops in this dissertation depict capitalist temporality in concordance with how theoretical writers have approached the issue, specifically regarding the commodification of time as equal to money. ...
When people around the globe are increasingly confronted with the challenges of rising economic inequalities and declining democratization, often associated with the spread of globalized capitalism, it becomes difficult to defend a position of business as usual. Worker co-ops are economic associations equally owned and democratically governed by workers with the potential to contribute to economic democracy and social change. This dissertation explores how worker cooperatives, primarily in Sweden, are constructed and organized by co-operators in ways that can resist capitalism, while at the same time having to relate to capitalism as the context in which they operate. The qualitative study shows that worker co-ops challenge capitalism, associated with economic ideals and hierarchical control, by instead enacting social ideals such as equal work relations through friendships, uncommodified work time and freedom to self-govern. The worker co-ops’ very existence demonstrates that such organizing is viable in the here and now. However, this dissertation also shows how worker co-ops risk the reproduction of power and compromise of ideals in order to survive within capitalist market economic contexts, thus highlighting both the possibilities and pitfalls of organizing for social change.
... More recently, the appearance of the digital society, and the advent of knowledge-based businesses, means that workplaces have become less formal and more open, often creating a really nice work environment (Surowiecki. 2005;Hochschild, 1997). Thanks to technology, the individuals have become global. ...
Despite the growing interest among the scientific community regarding the power of subconscious, the current research did not find any evidence of its superiority over consciousness in generating positive consumer experience. This study shows that researches in subliminal messages have been set to work towards a set of pre-defined results and can only be used to generate some insignificant changes in social behaviour. Such behaviour is elicited only in laboratory conditions with specific situational variables. Interpretation of the existing corpus of the literature shows that subliminal messages can create negative experience which leads to hostile behaviour like derogatory comments on an African by an American citizen when the latter was primed with negative subliminal messages. Positive priming on the other hand showed weak presence in behaviour. However, research in the field of subliminal messages is required to inspect whether it is capable of improving mental health as indicated by few researches. Further exploration is required to prevent subliminal abuse. As indicated in the current study, subliminal messages when used in commercials are not capable of making a significant increase in sales figures when compared to supraliminal messages. Such messages and their wide-spread broadcast are not ethical because of the advertiser’s inclinations to use lascivious, disparaging or satanic stimuli which can lead to fatal outcomes like alleged suicide of a 10-year old boy. Positive experience or happiness is a subjective feeling and is generated by supraliminal messages which has been shown in the study to rely heavily on consciousness.
... advance (Grant and Ashford, 2008). Regarding role theory, when people devote more time and energy to their work roles, they tend to have less time and energy to spend with family members and fulfill their family duties (Arlie, 1997). Thus, proactive employees are more inclined to prioritize work demands and focus less attention on family demands and obligations (Altura et al., 2020). ...
This study aimed to explore the linking mechanisms and conditional processes underlying the relationship between proactive behavior and work-family conflict. Considering the conservation of resources theory, we argue that workplace anxiety mediates the relationship between proactive behavior and work-family conflict. Furthermore, we suggest that immediate supervisor perspective taking and employee emotional intelligence moderate this proposed indirect effect. Two-wave, multisource lagged data were collected from 450 employees of seven domestic Chinese firms to examine the hypothesized moderated mediation model. Our findings support the hypothesis that proactive behavior is positively related to work-family conflict and that workplace anxiety partially mediates this relationship. Immediate supervisor perspective taking moderates the positive association of proactive behavior with workplace anxiety and the indirect relationship between proactive behavior and work-family conflict through workplace anxiety. Emotional intelligence moderates the positive association of proactive behavior with workplace anxiety and the indirect relationship between proactive behavior and work-family conflict through workplace anxiety. The results deepen our theoretical understanding of the consequences of proactivity by demonstrating the positive associations between proactive behavior and work-family conflict. The current study also contributes to the literature by identifying workplace anxiety as a mediating mechanism explaining the relationship between proactivity and work-family conflict. Furthermore, supervisor perspective taking and employee emotional intelligence moderate the above mediating effect.
Sexual intimacy characterized by desire is a critical component of the cultural ideal of successful marriage in the contemporary United States. How, then, does the experience of sexual intimacy in committed relationships change when its primary purpose is to promote conception? Through in‐depth interviews with 52 women married to men in the United States who recently attempted—and often struggled—to conceive through sexual intercourse with their spouses, this study finds that sex for the purpose of pregnancy becomes a highly rationalized project in which participants attempt to perfect their timing and promote the best chance for conception. In these married heterosexual couples, women manage the project of sex for the purpose of pregnancy and dictate to their husbands when they need to have sex. Using the third shift as a theoretical framework, this article demonstrates how sex for pregnancy becomes a gendered chore involving emotion work, cognitive labor, and body work. This research contributes to our understanding of household labor, sexual intimacy, and reproduction.
In this article the concept emotional labor introduced by A. R. Hochschild
is overviewed as well as her own research and further development of this idea in relation to service workers and professions of social welfare state in particular.
The author claims that there is a heuristic potential of the theory of emotional
labor in the sphere of service, where care and special attention to clients are required. This concept is essential also in the understanding and research
of the risk of the emotional dissonance or alienation, and the solidarity
of the service workers and their protests against the emotional norms of the corporate culture. This approach can be useful for social policy analysis, in particular, in the studies of professions of welfare state.
Keywords: emotional work, emotional labor, A. R. Hochschild, commodification of feelings, emotional dissonance
Adossée à une enquête de terrain réalisée entre 2016 et 2019 en France et dans la Silicon Valley, cette thèse prend pour objet le monde des start-up, qui, bien qu’il soit fortement médiatisé, reste peu étudié. Cette thèse cherche ainsi à comprendre de quoi la start-up est le nom, en essayant de rendre compte de la complexité de cet objet (ses frontières, ses caractéristiques distinctives, ses acteurs, ses normes et ses représentations) et de sa diversité (notamment en termes de taille et de secteurs d’activité). Ce travail s’appuie pour cela sur des méthodes variées, aussi bien qualitatives (enquête ethnographique dans la Silicon Valley, enquêtes par observation participante en start-up, observations et entretiens semi-directifs) que quantitatives (enquête par questionnaire et exploitation de l’enquête Sine de l’Insee), et puise dans les outils de la sociologie économique, de la sociologie du travail et de l’emploi, de la sociologie du genre et de la sociologie des élites. La thèse étudie tout d’abord l’émergence des start-up comme monde social, de sa genèse dans la Silicon Valley à son importation en France, en analysant les mythes, les légendes, les croyances et les idéologies qui lui sont associées. Elle s’attache alors à déconstruire le mythe du self-made man, par une analyse des caractéristiques et des trajectoires sociales des fondateurs et fondatrices de start-up, mettant en évidence l’existence de fortes inégalités au sein de ce champ entrepreneurial. Enfin, ce travail montre comment ce modèle d’entreprise, par ses dispositifs managériaux et ses modes d’organisation, parvient à produire et maintenir l’engagement et la loyauté des travailleur·ses. Ainsi, alors qu’il prétend battre en brèche le modèle économique, organisationnel et idéologique de l’entreprise classique, cette thèse montre que le modèle de la start-up n’est qu’un nouvel instrument de légitimation du capitalisme, qui, sous des airs plus doux et plus colorés, lui a permis de répondre de ses critiques en se renouvelant.
Information is the lifeblood of the modern tourism industry (Sheldon, 1996). Modern-day tourism activities involve the use of information at every level possible because of computer-mediated communication. Before 2004, it was tough for tourists to get
the best services from tourism entrepreneurs because the information available on the web was posted by the entrepreneurs themselves or by professional web bloggers or editors. After O'Reilly coined the term web 2.0, meaning the second-generation websites,
researchers understood the dynamism of the world wide web as the contents were
generated by the users and accessed all over the world by the users. Thus, the Web 2.0
websites were not only user-centric but have adopted a user-based design as well.
Pertinently, social media evolved, which used web 2.0 and was available for everyday use.
Over time, the tourism industry also capitalized on this new era of digitization. Many social media apps were formed to help entrepreneurs and consumers take leverage of this new technology. The most prominent social media plate forms came into existence which was explicitly made tourism-related activities. Couch surfing was the initial and quick response to the advent of this technology which was subsequently developed in 2004, followed by Travel Buddy in 2005, Spotted By locals in 2008, Foursquare in 2009, Trover and With locals in 2014, and Travello in 2016. Thus, we evaluated these tourism social media apps on different parameters laid down by the researchers from time to time.
This dissertation is motivated by the question that asks how the ideal Millennial constituent is produced, and reproduced, in American society as a response to crisis. The interrelated social, economic and political crises of the 21st century have had profound implications for the Millennial generation, and this study aims to show that traditional markers of adulthood have not become delayed for the Millennials who conform to the ideals espoused by the neoliberal social contract. I posit that the contemporary social contract is gendered, and as such, neoliberal feminism is the central framework through which I theorize the feminine ideal. I draw on the key tenets of neoliberal feminism (independence, self-actualization and self-reinvention) to guide the coding frame of my textual analysis. Using multimodal analysis, I examine the ideal Millennial’s discursive construction across three intensely mediated and highly popular feminine subjects – Taylor Swift, Beyoncé Knowles Carter and Kim Kardashian – because I seek to examine the values and expectations that have been most widely conveyed by the celebrities whose public platform offers a model of how to prosper in a society where success is predicated on the logic of neoliberalism. My three empirical cases shed light on American feminism’s ideal constituent, as she is gendered, raced and classed, and offer a way to interrogate how popular discourses participate in larger cultural and societal conversations about the world that the Millennial woman is not only inheriting, but also responding to. Despite political and economic upheaval, my findings indicate that neoliberal feminism is being reproduced through the responses that incorporate the very same logics that reactivate and extend the ideology; as such, the results of my empirical analysis further validate scholarship delineating neoliberalism’s symbiotic relationship with feminism. My findings also suggest that in a social climate of economic fragility and political instability, patterns of entrepreneurship, adaptability and resilience are foregrounded. Discourses of the American Millennial ideal type, as constituted by my celebrity cases, suggest making a name for oneself in spite of difficulty, becoming not only the product of, but also a targeted response to the gendered crises of education, work and reproduction. For a generation that is not only struggling to find its identity, but is also facing a profound lack of security in linear progress and mobility, the narrative of success constructed by my three cases offers the blueprint of a solution.
This case study introduces the small village of Niseko in northern Japan, transformed though tourism into an international ski resort. It outlines the history of the resort and highlights how Niseko is an anomaly in an increasingly urbanised country in which rural communities are struggling due to increasing numbers of people migrating from rural areas to the cities. This case study invites students to explore and reflect on the tension between the economic gains from tourism development in rural areas and the impacts of tourism on the lives of tourism hosts. Narrative data are presented in the form of three micro-stories which incorporate both participant and researcher perspectives to offer insight into the experiences of real tourism business owners who live in Niseko and offers potential pathways to address the points of friction between the hosts and visitors. The sociological concept of cosmopolitanism is introduced, and students are invited to reflect on various ways that cosmopolitanism can be used to understand both tourism hosts and tourism spaces.
Sociological and criminological research demonstrates that involvement in conventional social institutions and having a “stake in conformity” serves as a protective factor against various forms of substance use. Yet, the normalization of prescription drug misuse raises questions about these processes. Drawing on interviews of 162 young adult prescription drug misusers, we demonstrate that the normalization of prescription drug misuse is driven by facets of the conventional social institutions of medicine, the family, school, and the workplace. These findings not only contrast the large body of research on the protective role these social institutions typically play regarding substance use, but also the subcultural context of leisure that has historically produced processes of drug normalization among young adults. Through processes of pharmaceuticalization as well as family and institutionally based peer associations, prescription drug misuse emerges as a common and contradictory way in which young adults navigate social expectations of conformity within the contexts of conventional social institutions.
Målet med artikkelen er å undersøke voldsutsatte mødres erfaringer i lys av det likestilte foreldreskapet som rettslig realitet, politisk ambisjon og kulturelt ideal i Norge. Artikkelen er et bidrag til å knytte vold i familien til den sosiologiske forskningen på familieliv og likestilling. Artikkelen bygger på 16 intervjuer med majoritetsnorske voldsutsatte mødre og argumenterer for at kombinasjonen av likestilt foreldreskap og vold som et kjønnet fenomen, bidrar til særegne former for utsatthet som særlig rammer kvinner som mødre. Dette kommer særlig til uttrykk i kritiske situasjoner som svangerskap, fødsel og barsel, samt ved samlivsbrudd. Studien viser at vold er en gjennomgripende erfaring med konsekvenser på mange livsområder for en del av de utsatte mødrene. Sosiologiske begreper og forståelser kan både stenge for og bidra til å forstå voldsutsatte mødres situasjon, herunder hvordan politiske og ideologiske føringer og institusjonelle logikker medvirker til å forme den enkeltes handlingsrom.
Nøkkelord: Likestilt foreldreskap, mødre, vold i parforhold, reproduktiv vold, samlivsbrudd
Why is a focus on gender so important for interpreting the world in which we live? Sixteen world-famous scholars have been brought together to address this question from their respective fields: Political Theory, Philosophy, Medical Anthropology, Law, Geography, Islamic Studies, Cultural Studies, Philosophy of Science, Literature, Psychoanalysis, History of Art, Education and Economics. The resulting volume covers an extraordinary array of contexts, ranging from rethinking trans* bodies, to traumatized tribal communities, to sexualized violence, to assisted reproductive technologies, to the implications of epigenetics for understanding gender, and yet they are all connected by their focus on the importance of gender as a category of analysis. The publication of this volume celebrates the anniversary of the launch of the Centre for Gender Studies at the University of Cambridge, and features contributions from past and future Diane Middlebrook and Carl Djerassi Visiting Professors to the University.
This chapter focuses on father-child wellbeing arguing that fathers are emotionally transformed by having a child and that children have a beneficial influence on father’s health and positive engagement in work. Previous research described how involved fatherhood offers men the opportunity to resist practices of risk-taking, denial of treatment, expression of anger, which are harmful to their health. However, studies on the relationship between fathers and children often overlook the mutual beneficial effects that these family members have on each other. Based on findings from 47 qualitative interviews and 6 observations with Scottish and Romanian involved fathers and their children, I show how children were described by fathers as re-energizing them for work and helping them let go of negative health habits, such as smoking, drugs, and reckless driving. Fathers in turn, adopted a long-term perspective for their health and wellbeing brought on by planning for the future. Conclusively, children seem to play an important role in counteracting the toxic aspects of masculinity, as children were described as helping fathers shift emotionally from stoicism and control to increased nurturance and emotional openness, thereby affecting their wellbeing in positive ways.
This article considers the practices of social formation on the online self‐publishing platform Wattpad. Interactive and interfaced with other social media, Wattpad was founded in 2006 by Allen Lau and Ivan Yuen to facilitate self‐publishing by well‐known and emerging authors alike. Wattpad is popular among Malay readers and authors in Malaysia with stories clocking up millions of reads each. Most stories are aimed at women readers and preoccupied with themes of love and romance. However, this article turns its attention to the much‐read Wattpad stories about forced marriage and romantic Islamic masculinity, the kinds of affordances Wattpad provides for Malay language authors and their readership, and the reading publics they cultivate. This article frames Wattpad as an archive of affect for vernacular religious engagement that mirrors the alternative spaces that women occupy as digital labourers and as agents of religious knowledge. It shows that digital spaces are affective spaces as much as they are domains that replicate and rewrite sharia‐compliant gendered and religious relations offline.
Niseko, a small agricultural community in northern Japan has, since the early 2000s, transformed into a ski destination through the development of international tourism. Many Australians have settled in the Niseko area and established tourism-based businesses and holiday homes, transforming local streetscapes. Despite substantial social-cultural change, little is known about the impact on the people who live there. In alignment with the research focus of understanding experiences of living in a tourism space, the study drew upon a narrative method of inquiry and was premised by the idea of stories being windows to understanding subjective human experience. Framed by a social constructivist perspective, the research was specifically designed to illuminate the voices of seventeen Japanese and Australian tourism business owners. The findings revealed Niseko is functioning as a liminal tourism space, shaped by cosmopolitan tourism business owners who relocate there to pursue their ‘second life’ after experiences of living abroad. This paper builds on the emerging research area which explores the link between tourism, leisure, and lifestyle migration and offers new insight into how participation in tourism businesses can facilitate lifestyle migration. It reveals how experiences of living overseas can influence individuals to establish alternative lifestyles in tourism spaces, underpinned by the desire to live in a way that is more congruent with their sense of self. This research contributes to understanding how highly mobile, cosmopolitan individuals in tourism spaces relate to place and are influenced by it.
The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified and expanded in terms of its global reach, with huge impacts on public health and unprecedented shocks to economies and labor markets. Many countries have initiated social distancing policies, Lock downs to slow the virus"s spread, with the aim of avoiding catastrophic outcomes for national health systems and minimizing lives lost. ILO estimates show that workplace closures have increased rapidly in recent weeks that 81 per cent of the global workforce lives in countries with mandatory or recommended closures. With increasing numbers of partial or total lockdowns in place that restrict operations of business and movement of the vast majority of workers, for many it has become impossible to work. Quantitative research methods were used for the study, and a sample population was chosen amongst participants who were single and in a relationship, female and male, with and without children, by using a convenient sampling method. The questionnaire used contained existing scales where the Cronbach"s alpha coefficients were above the recommended 0.8. Out of 250 distributed questionnaires, 200 were completed and returned, giving an overall returning rate of 80%. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. This study identified the factors influencing work force during COVID 19, the association between the demographic profile of employees and the factors influencing employees during COVID 19 and also their impact among the influencing factors. This study identified the existence of positive correlation between the work satisfaction and the psychological health, which indicates that when there is higher satisfaction in work which eventually leads to good psychological health. This study also identified that existence of positive correlation between the Family-work conflict and the psychological stress, which indicates that increase in conflict between the work and family eventually lead to unhappiness and psychological stress.
Maternalist framing has been a consistent part of a long history of powerful, often successful organizing for environmental protection and justice. Yet today's calls on individuals to simultaneously engage in proenvironmental behavior and to protect themselves from environmental threats through consumption have mobilized maternal discourse in a way that is likely demobilizing in the long run. Indeed, the increasing individualization of the environmental movement is intersecting with persistent, unequal gendered structures of labor in a way that places the burden of environmentalism and environmental risk management on women and mothers. I argue that precautionary consumption and other forms of individualized environmental risk management add to the “third shift,” on top of the disproportionate burden of household labor and care work that women already face. This phenomenon is concerning because it has the potential to (1) limit women's engagement in other forms of environmental advocacy and leadership, and to (2) reproduce existing gender inequalities not only between men and women but also among women of different levels of race and class privilege. Thus, the increasing individualization of the environmental movement also potentially exacerbates environmental injustice at the household level. Despite such emerging concerns, the domestic scale remains an often overlooked site of environmental harm and gendered burden.
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