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La visibilité de la traduction au Canada en journalisme politique : mythe ou réalité ?
Abstract
Abondamment traite en traductologie litteraire, le theme de la visibilite l’est de plus en plus dans le cadre des etudes qui portent sur la traduction journalistique. Le present article pose la question suivante : en contexte canadien, lorsqu’il est question de politique locale, les journalistes exposent-ils le statut des textes qu’ils commentent ? En d’autres termes, lorsque les Canadiens lisent leurs quotidiens, sont-ils explicitement exposes au phenomene de la traduction ? Le corpus qui alimente l’analyse est constitue d’articles de journaux rediges lors de crises nationales, au lendemain d’allocutions importantes prononcees par des dirigeants politiques canadiens, entre 1942 et 1995. Les resultats de l’etude montrent que la visibilite de la traduction n’est pas completement effacee des textes journalistiques canadiens, contrairement a ce que l’on observe dans les textes journalistiques issus des agences de presse a l’echelle mondiale.
... Las publicaciones sobre el papel de la traducción y la ideología en un contexto de transmisión en el ámbito político también están ganando terreno (cf. BASTIN & ITURRIZA, 2008;GAGNON, 2012; 2 En lo que concierne a la traducción periodística, VALDEÓN (2016, p. 46) ofrece un ejemplo de posicionamiento ideológico de la BBC que esta explicita cuando justifica en su sitio web el uso de "separatistas" (versus "terroristas") para remitir a los integrantes del grupo armado ETA, incluso en las traducciones al inglés. No obstante, señalamos que el posicionamiento (implícito) dimana de las normas editoriales y estas no suelen acompañar a la noticia. ...
... En los estudios sobre traducción periodística resulta recurrente la insistencia en la invisibilidad de la traducción en los medios (BIELSA & BASSNETT, 2009;SCHÄFFNER & BASSNETT, 2010;CRONIN, 2012;GAGNON, 2012;HERNÁNDEZ GUERRERO, 2012;o BIELSA, 2016 entre otros). Estas investigaciones remiten especialmente a la traducción periodística en la prensa, sin embargo, apenas contamos con aportaciones que se preocupan de la visibilidad o del prestigio de la persona que traduce o interpreta, o las que revelan el valor que se otorga a la actividad traductora y de interpretación en los medios: sobre la figura del intérprete leemos en DIRIKER sobre la imagen del traductor e intérprete en la prensa española ha presentado un exhaustivo estudio EL ISLAM SIDI BAH (2015); sobre la estima del traductor editorial en la prensa se han preocupado MONTERO KÜPPER & LUNA ALONSO (2019) y en ABEND-DAVID (2019) se ofrecen estudios sobre la representación del traductor e intérprete en los medios de comunicación. ...
Utilizando una metodología descriptivo-cualitativa, en esta investigación se estudia de qué manera se presenta la traducción como noticia en un periódico de ámbito estatal (El País) y otro regional (La Voz de Galicia). Nos proponemos identificar y analizar el discurso sobre la traducción, su visibilidad y valoración. El corpus, que corresponde al lustro 2013-2017, se conforma de aquellos documentos en los que se registra la palabra traducción en el titular. Si bien el discurso sobre la traducción es mayoritariamente positivo, especialmente cuando se refiere a la traducción editorial, se constata la práctica ausencia de un discurso de la traducción periodística en los medios analizados.
... They also arise when a speaker's choice of language is newsworthy, such as in Canada, where the choice can be political (by expressing symbolic support for a linguistic community) and where politicians are known to deliver different messages in English and French. For these reasons, according to Gagnon (2012), journalists reporting on federal politics often identify the original language in instances where it is relevant to their story. In print, for instance, they offer explanations such as: In this example, another factor influenced the way the journalist, Daniel L'Heureux, worked to highlight the fact he was re-expressing a statement made in another language. ...
... There are more stories with translation on the Ottawa regional websites of Radio-Canada and CBC, but a higher percentage of national stories signal translation as such. This difference may be explained by the fact that translation is considered more newsworthy in the context of federal politics, where language choice is always politically loaded (Gagnon 2012). ...
This chapter examines the techniques journalists use to incorporate translated speech into news stories published on the websites of the French and English networks of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It examines four sets of stories: national political news in French (76 stories) and in English (63 stories) and local news from Canada's capital region in French (85 stories) and in English (98 stories). It combines content analysis, textual analysis, and ethnography to provide an update of past research about the Corporation's television news programs in the early 1990s. It reveals that the asymmetries that have long shaped the Corporation's French- and English-language news continue to operate, although in different form, and they continue to influence the ways journalists incorporate translated speech into their stories.
... Furthermore, the structure of language in the translation process has significance of meaning for the readers, which is directly related to various social, cultural and political elements (Zanettin, 2016).The textual transformation of language into contextual understanding sometimes eliminates the purity of the text since the structure of language is not an independent entity. Whereas translation using language instruments always has its own tendencies, related to structures outside of language, and making language texts a product of knowledge in constructing readers' understanding (Schaffner, 2010;Conway 2010;Gagnon 2012). For this reason, translation in the mass media is a crucial discussion to find out which words do not only indicate the content of the news but also related to the language system that tries to construct the reader's understanding. ...
This article aims examines the translation accuracy and find out some translation techniques on a news script of George Floyd case report in several media. This article uses descriptive qualitative method to analyze translation errors of on the news script and involves the researcher as the primary instrument to gain the data taken from the official website of BBC, CNN Indonesia and TIMES Indonesia and twitter. The data were analyzed in order to investigate and recommend the reporters and readers to understand comprehensively about transferring messages especially on sensitive issue George Floyd Death in the United States considered as a taboo case. Showing by these cases, the translation conducted a different and omission meaning. The result of this article figures out some translation errors those are different meaning or wrong meaning, and omission which tend to cause misperception from the readers. Since, the process of translation in the media definitely affects readers' understanding on how the news reports and it can influence people's actions and assumptions.
... Within this field, there are few studies analysing the translator/interpreter' s visibility and image or the discourse on the translation or interpreting activity in the media (Diriker 2005 For almost a decade, publications on news translation place more emphasis on the powerful role that these (linguistic and cultural) transformations play in a political context (Schäffner & Bassnett 2010;Baumann et al. 2011;Gagnon 2012;Zanettin 2016;Valdeón 2016;Davier 2017). In fact, we cannot ignore that translation wields great influence through the configuration of news in the media, which reaches different cultures. ...
The link between the disciplines of Communication and Translation and Interpreting goes beyond a simple translation of terms and correlations, as it requires an interpretation of the world and a context in order to understand the true meaning of terms and ideas. In this article, we analyse the case of several terms and their use and interpretation by politicians and the media within a specific political and economic context in order to demonstrate the value of the collaboration between both disciplines. Spain’s State of the Nation Debate is the stage where we see the partisan use of denominations such as rescate (bailout), préstamo (loan) or crédito (credit) and with different pragmatic values based on each speaker’s intention.
Keywords: Communication; Translation; Debates; Terminological variation; Bailout
La conexión entre las disciplinas de la Comunicación y la Traducción e Interpretación va más allá de una simple traducción de términos y correspondencias, ya que precisa de una interpretación del mundo y un contexto para entender el verdadero significado de los términos e ideas. En este artículo analizamos el caso de varios términos y su utilización e interpretación por parte de los políticos y medios, dentro de un contexto
político y económico determinado, para poner en valor la necesidad de colaboración de ambas disciplinas. El Debate del Estado de la Nación en España es el escenario para observar el uso de denominaciones como rescate, préstamo o crédito de manera partidista y con valores pragmáticos diferentes dependiendo de la intencionalidad buscada por cada interlocutor.
Palabras clave: Comunicación; Traducción; Debates; Variación terminológica;
Rescate bancario
Abstract
... Triangulated data from the field (interviews, observations, and collection of documents) show that translation is invisible in texts published by Le Droit, in line with the practice investigated by most scholars of news translation up to now, with the telling exception of Canadian federal politics, as noticed by Gagnon (2012) in a content analysis conducted on archival press articles. ...
Le Droit is a monolingual French-language regional newspaper targeting audiences in two Canadian provinces. Although its multimodal content appears to be in French only, English permeates the daily work of reporters. Data include sessions of observation, semi-structured interviews, and text collection on different platforms (print, website, applications, and social media). This chapter shows that, at the level of news-gathering, contacts with English sources seem partially unavoidable or even desirable. At the level of production, however, all traces of translation are erased in the written form, while French voices are systematically preferred in audiovisual content. The growing importance of audiovisual content seems to predict the exclusion of sources in a second language.
... Unsurprisingly, translation is more present in the French-language network, French being a minority language in Canada. In both websites, translation is signalled as such when it is deemed newsworthy by the journalists, which is more frequent in news about national politics (see also Gagnon 2012). Similarly to the previous chapter, this study highlights the difficulty of distinguishing between one web-based story and another -and thus to collect corpora. ...
How has convergence affected news and translation? Convergence is a chameleon, taking a new colour in each new context, from the integrated, bilingual newsroom of a legacy broadcaster to a newsroom in an outlet that has embraced multimodality from the very start. And yet, translation scholars studying the news have ignored convergence, while media scholars studying convergence have ignored translation. They have missed the fact that convergence is intrinsically linked to language and culture. This volume brings together translation and media scholars to investigate different modes of convergence across platforms as they shape how journalists frame stories and understand their role in a multilingual, convergent world. It opens a dialogue with scholars and students in applied linguistics, communication, journalism, languages, and translation, as well as translators, interpreters, and, ultimately, journalists.
... Valdeón (2015a) provides an excellent overview of this type of research starting in the 1990s. While some scholars focus on the domesticating or foreignizing strategies adopted by the journalists (Kwieciñski 1998;Bassnett 2005; van Rooyen 2011;Gagnon , 2013Conway 2015). Hernández Guerrero, one of the more prolific authors in news translation, has almost developed her own strand of research about journalistic genres, norms, and conventions (among others, Cortés . ...
News translation has been investigated more systematically since the mid-2000s. Since then, it has kept pushing the boundaries of translation studies by asking such questions as the following: Can we study multilingual practices that do not necessarily have an identified source text? If so, what do we analyze and compare? Can we call these practices ‘translation’? How do we integrate multimodality into our traditionally textual analyses? This article formulates tentative answers based onrecent publications in the field. It calls for sustained research in the reception of news translation and with cognitive methods, as well as intensified exchanges with audiovisual translation.
News translation is generally meant for a broad, mainly lay audience. As Chapter 20 explores, the challenge here is less a divide between lay and expert text user, and more the fact that much news translation is undertaken by non-professional translators, namely journalists themselves. This particularity makes news translation an integral part of non-professional interpreting and translation. The chapter discusses the organizations that translate news and outlines the stages of text production at which translation occurs. Finally, it offers a glimpse into the past to the beginning of news translation, with the birth of newswires, and suggests a view of the future of news translation.
As digital convergence marks the transition from print to screen culture, translation plays an increasingly important role of in the production and dissemination of the news. The translation of information in the news media is a pervasive set of practices that affects the daily consumption of the news and a topic of relevance to scholars in several areas of the humanities and the social sciences. This book provides a wide-ranging and accessible introduction to research in news media translation practices, products and processes, illustrating and discussing historical, theoretical and descriptive perspectives. Inter- and multi-disciplinary research spans fields such as Translation Studies, Linguistics, Journalism and Media Studies, and includes approaches from Critical Discourse Analysis and narrative theory to Systemic Functional Linguistics and Corpus Linguistics. The book also offers first-hand analyses of news texts in English and Italian, approaching news translation from an ethnomethodological perspective.
After the demise of apartheid, the ANC government in South Africa elevated nine African languages to the status of official languages, on a par with the two official languages during the apartheid regime (1948-1991), Afrikaans and English. With eleven official languages in this vast country, the home of some 50 million people, one may expect a high level of translational activities, as is seen in, for instance, the EU, with 23 official languages - one of which happens to be English. However, although English plays an important role in the European media, it has an all but dominant role in South African media. To the extent that translation is found in South African media, it tends to be either between English and Afrikaans or from an African language into English, not from English into an African language. This paper establishes a theoretical framework distinguishing between varying degrees of visibility in (media) translation, and exemplifies various translational phenomena typical of the special conditions found in South Africa, with the local use of English as a de facto lingua franca reinforced by the global success of Anglophone culture.
Since democratic societies are based on the ideal of participatory citizenship and since participatory citizenship presupposes, among other things, the citizens' right to communicate with the authorities, one of the biggest challenges for contemporary multilingual societies is the elaboration of a fair translation policy: there is no language policy without a translation policy. However, among the numerous studies on language rights, on language policies or on immigrant incorporation, the key role of translation is usually not taken into consideration. Which linguistic and translational territoriality regimes are used by authorities to communicate with their multilingual populations? How do these different regimes relate to their linguistic and translational rights and their chances for participatory citizenship and integration? This essay discusses four prototypical regimes which may be used by authorities to communicate with their citizens. It will also try to hint at their possible impact on minorities' linguistic and translational rights and integration.
The mass media are of paramount importance in the formulation and transmission of messages about key developments of global significance, such as terrorism and the war in Iraq, yet the key mediating role of translation in the reception of speeches and addresses of figures like Osama Bin Laden and Saddam Hussein has remained largely invisible. Incorporating the results of extensive fieldwork in key global news organizations such as Reuters, Agence France Press and Inter Press Service, this book addresses central issues relating to the new pressures on translation arising from globalization, analyzing new texts from major news agencies as well as alternative media organizations. Co-written by Susan Bassnett, a leading figure in the field of translation studies, this book presents close readings of different English versions of key Arabic texts circulated in Western media to demonstrate the ways in which a cultural and religious 'Other' is framed in different media. © 2009 Esperança Bielsa and Susan Bassnett. All rights reserved.
Based on the comparison of intertextual references in several English translations of Fedor Dostoevskii’s
Notes From the Underground
and Victor Pelevin’s “The Ninth Dream of Vera Pavlovna,” the article addresses general issues of translating intertextual references in narratives. Special attention is devoted to the problems of reception of postmodern texts and the question of the translator’s ‘invisibility.’
This book traces the history of translation from the 17th century to the present day. It shows how fluency prevailed over other translation strategies to shape the canon of foreign literatures in English, and investigates the cultural consequences of the domestic values which were simultaneously inscribed and masked in foreign texts during this period. The book locates alternative translation theories and practices in British, American and European cultures which aim to communicate linguistic and cultural differences instead of removing them. It explains the way in which translation can be studied as a locus of difference and is suitable for students of translation at all levels.
Since publication over ten years ago, The Translator’s Invisibility has provoked debate and controversy within the field of translation and become a classic text. Providing a fascinating account of the history of translation from the seventeenth century to the present day, Venuti shows how fluency prevailed over other translation strategies to shape the canon of foreign literatures in English and investigates the cultural consequences of the receptor values which were simultaneously inscribed and masked in foreign texts during this period. The author locates alternative translation theories and practices in British, American and European cultures which aim to communicate linguistic and cultural differences instead of removing them.